ROB: Improve handling of LZW decoder table overflow (#3159)

Closes #3032.

pypdf/_codecs/_codecs.py

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from typing import Dict, List
 
+from pypdf._utils import logger_warning
+
 
 class Codec(ABC):
     """Abstract base class for all codecs."""
@@ -142,9 +144,10 @@ def _pack_codes_into_bytes(self, codes: List[int]) -> bytes:
         return bytes(output)
 
     def _initialize_decoding_table(self) -> None:
+        self.max_code_value = (1 << self.MAX_BITS_PER_CODE) - 1
         self.decoding_table = [bytes([i]) for i in range(self.CLEAR_TABLE_MARKER)] + [
             b""
-        ] * (4096 - self.CLEAR_TABLE_MARKER)
+        ] * (self.max_code_value - self.CLEAR_TABLE_MARKER + 1)
         self._table_index = self.EOD_MARKER + 1
         self._bits_to_get = 9
 
@@ -250,6 +253,9 @@ def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
 
     def _add_entry_decode(self, old_string: bytes, new_char: int) -> None:
         new_string = old_string + bytes([new_char])
+        if self._table_index > self.max_code_value:
+            logger_warning("Ignoring too large LZW table index.", __name__)
+            return
         self.decoding_table[self._table_index] = new_string
         self._table_index += 1
 

tests/test_codecs.py

@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 """Test LZW-related code."""
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
 from pypdf._codecs._codecs import LzwCodec
 
+TESTS_ROOT = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
+PROJECT_ROOT = TESTS_ROOT.parent
+RESOURCE_ROOT = PROJECT_ROOT / "resources"
+
 test_cases = [
     pytest.param(b"", id="Empty input"),
     pytest.param(b"A", id="Single character"),
@@ -56,3 +61,13 @@ def test_decode_lzw(encoded, expected_decoded):
     codec = LzwCodec()
     actual_decoded = codec.decode(encoded)
     assert actual_decoded == expected_decoded
+
+
+def test_lzw_decoder_table_overflow(caplog):
+    path = RESOURCE_ROOT / "lzw_decoder_table_overflow.bin"
+    codec = LzwCodec()
+    assert codec.decode(path.read_bytes()).startswith(
+        b'0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@'
+    )
+    assert len(codec.decoding_table) == 4096
+    assert "Ignoring too large LZW table index." in caplog.text