Add mojo-libc package

recipes/libc/README.md

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+# Mojo's libc
+
+`mojo-libc` is a library that provides access to the C standard library functions in Mojo.
+
+## Getting Started
+
+The only dependency for `libc` is Mojo.
+
+You can install Mojo following the instructions from the [Modular website](https://www.modular.com/max/mojo).
+
+Once you have created a Mojo project using the `magic` tool,
+
+1. Add `libc` as a dependency:
+   ```toml
+   [dependencies]
+   libc = ">=0.1.9"
+   ```
+2. Run `magic install` at the root of your project, where `mojoproject.toml` is located
+
+3. `libc` should now be installed as a dependency. You can import libc functions from the library, e.g:
+    ```mojo
+    from libc import socket
+    ```
+
+## Supported Functionality
+
+### Basic socket connections
+
+See the examples in [examples/sockets/](https://github.com/msaelices/mojo-libc/tree/main/examples/sockets) directory.
+
+### Basic file system operations
+
+See the examples in [examples/files/](https://github.com/msaelices/mojo-libc/tree/main/examples/files) directory.

recipes/libc/recipe.yaml

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+context:
+  version: "0.1.9"
+
+package:
+  name: "libc"
+  version: ${{ version }}
+
+source:
+  - git: https://github.com/msaelices/mojo-libc.git
+    rev: 6ab870f7f259d68054bd38b179ab988a12552bdd
+
+build:
+  number: 0
+  script:
+    - magic run mojo package libc -o ${PREFIX}/lib/mojo/libc.mojopkg
+
+requirements:
+  host:
+    - max
+  run:
+    - ${{ pin_compatible('max') }}
+
+tests:
+  - script:
+      - if: unix
+        then:
+          - mojo run test.mojo
+    files:
+      recipe:
+        - test.mojo
+
+about:
+  homepage: https://github.com/msaelices/mojo-libc
+  license: MIT
+  license_file: LICENSE
+  summary: Mojo's libc support
+  repository: https://github.com/msaelices/mojo-libc
+
+extra:
+  maintainers:
+    - msaelices
+    - crisadamo
+  project_name: mojo-libc

recipes/libc/test.mojo

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+# Note: Additional tests for functions that require complex setups or network access
+# (like bind, listen, accept, connect, send, recv, select with sockets, etc.) are
+# not included here due to their complexity and potential side effects.
+
+from memory import UnsafePointer
+from utils import StringRef
+from testing import assert_equal, assert_not_equal, assert_raises
+from pathlib import Path, _dir_of_current_file
+
+from libc import (
+    AF_INET,
+    AI_PASSIVE,
+    FD_STDOUT,
+    INET_ADDRSTRLEN,
+    SOCK_DGRAM,
+    SOCK_STREAM,
+    addrinfo,
+    c_char,
+    c_int,
+    c_uint,
+    c_ushort,
+    c_void,
+    cftob,
+    close,
+    external_call,
+    gai_strerror,
+    getaddrinfo,
+    htonl,
+    htons,
+    in_addr,
+    inet_addr,
+    inet_ntoa,
+    inet_ntop,
+    inet_pton,
+    ntohl,
+    ntohs,
+    printf,
+    sockaddr,
+    socket,
+    strlen,
+    write,
+)
+
+
+fn test_getaddrinfo() raises:
+    var host = String("127.0.0.1")
+    var host_ptr = host.unsafe_cstr_ptr()
+    var my_addrinfo = addrinfo()
+    var servinfo = UnsafePointer[addrinfo]().alloc(1)
+    servinfo.init_pointee_move(my_addrinfo)
+
+    var hints = addrinfo()
+    hints.ai_family = AF_INET
+    hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM
+    hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE
+
+    var error = getaddrinfo(
+        host_ptr,
+        UnsafePointer[c_char](),
+        UnsafePointer.address_of(hints),
+        UnsafePointer.address_of(servinfo),
+    )
+    assert_equal(error, 0, "getaddrinfo failed")
+
+    var addrinfo = servinfo[]
+
+    var ai_addr = addrinfo.ai_addr
+    var null_ptr = UnsafePointer[sockaddr]()
+    assert_not_equal(ai_addr, null_ptr, "ai_addr is null")
+
+
+fn test_strlen() raises:
+    var s = String("Hello, world!")
+    var ptr = s.unsafe_cstr_ptr()
+    var length = strlen(ptr)
+    assert_equal(length, len(s), "strlen returned incorrect length")
+
+
+fn test_htonl_ntohl() raises:
+    var host_value: c_uint = 0x12345678
+    var net_value = htonl(host_value)
+    var host_value_converted_back = ntohl(net_value)
+    assert_equal(
+        host_value_converted_back, host_value, "htonl/ntohl failed to convert correctly"
+    )
+
+
+fn test_cftob() raises:
+    assert_equal(cftob(1), True, "cftob failed for value 1")
+    assert_equal(cftob(0), False, "cftob failed for value 0")
+    assert_equal(cftob(-1), False, "cftob failed for value -1")
+    assert_equal(cftob(100), True, "cftob failed for value 100")
+
+
+fn test_inet_pton() raises:
+    var ip_str = String("127.0.0.1")
+    var result = inet_pton(AF_INET, ip_str)
+    assert_equal(result, 16777343, "inet_pton failed to convert IP address")
+
+
+fn test_htons_ntohs() raises:
+    var host_value: c_ushort = 0x1234
+    var net_value = htons(host_value)
+    var host_value_converted_back = ntohs(net_value)
+    assert_equal(
+        host_value_converted_back, host_value, "htons/ntohs failed to convert correctly"
+    )
+
+
+fn test_inet_ntop_pton() raises:
+    var ip_str = String("127.0.0.1")
+    var ip_str_ptr = ip_str.unsafe_cstr_ptr()
+    var addr = UnsafePointer[c_void]().alloc(4)  # IPv4 address is 4 bytes
+    var ret = inet_pton(AF_INET, ip_str_ptr, addr)
+    assert_equal(ret, 1, "inet_pton failed to convert IP address")
+
+    var buffer = UnsafePointer[c_char]().alloc(INET_ADDRSTRLEN)
+    var result = inet_ntop(AF_INET, addr, buffer, INET_ADDRSTRLEN)
+    var converted_ip_str = String(buffer)
+    assert_equal(
+        converted_ip_str, ip_str, "inet_ntop failed to convert IP address back"
+    )
+
+
+fn test_inet_addr_ntoa() raises:
+    var ip_str = String("127.0.0.1")
+    var ip_str_ptr = ip_str.unsafe_cstr_ptr()
+    var addr = inet_addr(ip_str_ptr)
+    assert_not_equal(addr, -1, "inet_addr failed to convert IP address")
+
+    var in_addr_struct = in_addr(1000)
+    in_addr_struct.s_addr = addr
+
+    var addr_str_ptr = inet_ntoa(in_addr_struct)
+    var addr_str = StringRef(ptr=addr_str_ptr)
+    assert_equal(addr_str, ip_str, "inet_ntoa failed to convert address back")
+
+
+fn test_socket_close() raises:
+    var fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
+    assert_not_equal(fd, -1, "socket failed to create socket")
+    var close_result = close(fd)
+    assert_equal(close_result, 0, "close failed to close socket")
+
+
+fn test_printf() raises:
+    var format_str = String("Hello, %s!\n")
+    var format_ptr = format_str.unsafe_cstr_ptr()
+    var name = String("world")
+    var name_ptr = name.unsafe_cstr_ptr()
+    var result = printf(format_ptr, name_ptr)
+    assert_equal(result, len("Hello, world!\n"), "printf failed to print correctly")
+
+
+# TODO: This function cannot be executed in tests because of this error:
+# failed to legalize operation 'pop.external_call' that was explicitly marked illegal
+# it works if you run it in any Mojo file, though.
+# fn test_write() raises:
+#     var msg = String("Hello, world!\n")
+#     var msg_ptr = msg.unsafe_cstr_ptr()
+#     var bytes_written = write(FD_STDOUT, msg_ptr.bitcast[c_void](), len(msg))
+#     assert_equal(bytes_written, len(msg), "write failed to write to stdout")