Implement support for log levels in MPAS dynamical core (#352)

### Tag name (required for release branches):

None

### Originator(s):

kuanchihwang

### Descriptions (include the issue title, and the keyword ['closes', 'fixes', 'resolves'] followed by the issue number):

Implement support for log levels in MPAS dynamical core. The log level is configured by the `debug_output` option, under the `cam_logfile_nl` group, in the `atm_in` namelist file.

* The following log levels are supported:
  * `log_level_quiet` (a.k.a. `debugout_none` in CAM-SIMA)
    Log nothing.
  * `log_level_info` (a.k.a. `debugout_info` in CAM-SIMA)
    Log plain and user-friendly information about the status of MPAS dynamical core. Public procedures start with this log level.
  * `log_level_verbose` (a.k.a. `debugout_verbose` in CAM-SIMA)
    Same as the above, but for private procedures.
  * `log_level_debug` (a.k.a. `debugout_debug` in CAM-SIMA)
    Log elaborate information about the inner workings of MPAS dynamical core, which may be useful for diagnosing issues. However, the log volume may be very large.
* Log messages that originate from CAM-SIMA side are prefixed by "MPAS Interface (N): ", where N is the MPI rank
* Log messages that originate from MPAS side are prefixed by "MPAS Subdriver (N): ", where N is the MPI rank
* Log messages have been improved to be more descriptive and user-friendly

### Describe any changes made to the build system:

None

### Describe any changes made to the namelist:

None

### List any changes to the defaults for the input datasets (e.g., boundary datasets):

None

### List all files eliminated and why:

None

### List all files added and what they do:

None

### List all existing files that have been modified, and describe the changes:

* `M       src/dynamics/mpas/driver/dyn_mpas_subdriver.F90`
  * Implement support for log levels in MPAS dynamical core
* `M       src/dynamics/mpas/dyn_comp.F90`
  * Implement support for log levels in MPAS dynamical core
* `M       src/dynamics/mpas/dyn_coupling.F90`
  * Implement support for log levels in MPAS dynamical core
* `M       src/dynamics/mpas/dyn_grid.F90`
  * Implement support for log levels in MPAS dynamical core

### Regression tests:

No changes to any existing tests with respect to the last baseline, `sima0_03_000`.

* SMS_Ln9.ne5pg3_ne5pg3_mg37.FCAM7.derecho_gnu.cam-outfrq_se_cslam_analy_ic (Overall: FAIL)
* SMS_Ln9.ne5pg3_ne5pg3_mg37.FCAM7.derecho_intel.cam-outfrq_se_cslam_analy_ic (Overall: FAIL)
  * Existing test failures