diff --git a/bom/build.gradle.kts b/bom/build.gradle.kts
index 79fb7cc56bb6..a2ccd8d23d5f 100644
--- a/bom/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/bom/build.gradle.kts
@@ -161,7 +161,10 @@ dependencies {
         // Eventually we should get rid of slf4j-log4j12 dependency but currently it is not possible
         // since certain modules (Pig, Piglet) have dependencies using directly Log4j 1.x APIs
         runtimev("org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12", "slf4j")
-        apiv("org.testcontainers:testcontainers")
+        apiv("org.testcontainers:testcontainers", "testcontainers")
+        apiv("org.testcontainers:oracle-xe", "testcontainers")
+        apiv("org.testcontainers:mysql", "testcontainers")
+        apiv("org.testcontainers:postgresql", "testcontainers")
         apiv("redis.clients:jedis")
         apiv("sqlline:sqlline")
         runtimev("org.openjdk.jmh:jmh-core", "jmh")
diff --git a/core/build.gradle.kts b/core/build.gradle.kts
index 9674eb8d9213..e0cb58c6d5a8 100644
--- a/core/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/core/build.gradle.kts
@@ -82,10 +82,10 @@ dependencies {
     testCompileOnly("org.immutables:value-annotations")
     testCompileOnly("com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305")
 
-    testH2("com.h2database:h2")
-    testMysql("mysql:mysql-connector-java")
-    testOracle("com.oracle.ojdbc:ojdbc8")
-    testPostgresql("org.postgresql:postgresql")
+    testRuntimeOnly("com.h2database:h2")
+    testRuntimeOnly("mysql:mysql-connector-java")
+    testRuntimeOnly("com.oracle.ojdbc:ojdbc8")
+    testRuntimeOnly("org.postgresql:postgresql")
 
     testImplementation(project(":testkit"))
     testImplementation("commons-lang:commons-lang")
@@ -94,6 +94,9 @@ dependencies {
     testImplementation("net.hydromatic:quidem")
     testImplementation("org.apache.calcite.avatica:avatica-server")
     testImplementation("org.apache.commons:commons-pool2")
+    testImplementation("org.testcontainers:oracle-xe")
+    testImplementation("org.testcontainers:mysql")
+    testImplementation("org.testcontainers:postgresql")
     testImplementation("org.hsqldb:hsqldb::jdk8")
     testImplementation("sqlline:sqlline")
     testImplementation(kotlin("stdlib-jdk8"))
diff --git a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/DBFunctionConsistencyTest.java b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/DBFunctionConsistencyTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..50559dd3dfc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/DBFunctionConsistencyTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.calcite.test;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.CsvSource;
+import org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer;
+import org.testcontainers.containers.JdbcDatabaseContainer;
+import org.testcontainers.containers.MySQLContainer;
+import org.testcontainers.containers.OracleContainer;
+import org.testcontainers.containers.PostgreSQLContainer;
+
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.DriverManager;
+import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class DBFunctionConsistencyTest {
+
+  private enum Type {
+    ORACLE {
+      @Override String query(final String sqlFunction) {
+        return "SELECT " + sqlFunction + " FROM DUAL";
+      }
+    }, POSTGRES_9_6, POSTGRES_12_2, MYSQL;
+
+    String query(String sqlFunction) {
+      return "SELECT " + sqlFunction;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final static Map<Type, JdbcDatabaseContainer<?>> DBS = initContainers();
+
+  private static Map<Type, JdbcDatabaseContainer<?>> initContainers() {
+    Map<Type, JdbcDatabaseContainer<?>> dbs = new HashMap<>();
+    dbs.put(Type.POSTGRES_9_6, new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:9.6"));
+    dbs.put(Type.POSTGRES_12_2, new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:12.2"));
+    dbs.put(Type.MYSQL, new MySQLContainer<>());
+    dbs.put(Type.ORACLE, new OracleContainer(
+        "gvenzl/oracle-xe:21-slim-faststart"));
+    return dbs;
+  }
+
+  @BeforeAll
+  static void setup() throws SQLException {
+    DBS.values().forEach(GenericContainer::start);
+  }
+
+  @AfterAll
+  static void teardown() {
+    DBS.values().forEach(GenericContainer::stop);
+  }
+
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @CsvSource({
+      "SQRT(4),ORACLE",
+      "SQRT(4),POSTGRES_9_6",
+      "SQRT(4),POSTGRES_12_2",
+      "SQRT(4),MYSQL",
+      "SQRT(-1),ORACLE",
+      "SQRT(-1),POSTGRES_9_6",
+      "SQRT(-1),POSTGRES_12_2",
+      "SQRT(-1),MYSQL"
+  })
+  void testFunction(String function, String db) {
+    String calciteResult = execute(Type.valueOf(db), true, function);
+    String rawResult = execute(Type.valueOf(db), false, function);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(rawResult, calciteResult);
+  }
+
+  String execute(Type dbType, boolean useCalcite, String exp) {
+    JdbcDatabaseContainer<?> db = DBS.get(dbType);
+    final String url;
+    final String query;
+    if (useCalcite) {
+      url = String.format(
+          "jdbc:calcite:schemaType=JDBC; schema.jdbcUser=%s; schema.jdbcPassword=%s; schema"
+              + ".jdbcUrl=%s", db.getUsername(), db.getPassword(), db.getJdbcUrl());
+      query = "SELECT " + exp;
+    } else {
+      url = db.getJdbcUrl();
+      query = dbType.query(exp);
+    }
+    try (Connection c = DriverManager.getConnection(url, db.getUsername(), db.getPassword())) {
+      try (PreparedStatement stmt = c.prepareStatement(query)) {
+        try (ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery()) {
+          if (rs.next()) {
+            return rs.getString(1);
+          } else {
+            return "";
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      return e.getMessage();
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/gradle.properties b/gradle.properties
index 51e13a26c701..f2e6a0f9edc8 100644
--- a/gradle.properties
+++ b/gradle.properties
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ natty.version=0.13
 ojdbc8.version=19.3.0.0
 opencsv.version=2.3
 oshi-core.version=6.4.9
+oracle-xe.version=1.19.6
 pig.version=0.16.0
 pigunit.version=0.16.0
 postgresql.version=9.3-1102-jdbc41