From 13e72aec708dc493badf14f0f2248ded78472869 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ed Summers Date: Thu, 30 Jan 2025 18:08:13 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] Install dependencies with uv We've been installing Python dependencies with Pip, and not tracking their versions. Since we've started using uv in some other infrastructure team Python projects it makes sense to add here so that speech-to-text can be tracked by infra-team's weekly dependency update process. Unlike pip, uv always installs system specific Python wheels. There wasn't a wheel available for triton (an openai-whisper's dependency) under Python3.8 so the installation of dependencies failed. So, in addition to adding uv this PR also upgrades our base Docker image from `nvidia/cuda:12.1.0-devel-ubuntu20.04` to `nvidia/cuda:12.8.0-cudnn-devel-ubuntu22.04` which allows us to install python3.10 when we `apt install python3`. Since this significantly change Whisper's behavior I wanted to be able to compare the VTT transcript output before and after the Docker image change. I added the start of a benchmarking system that will allow us to compare the output of a set of 22 SDR items, with a previous benchmark. Ideally this benchmark would be human vetted, and actually represent a ground truth for what we believe the transcript should be. But for the time being it is simply a snapshot in time of what the transcript looked like today. See the benchmark/README.md file for details. Closes #80 Refs #65 --- .autoupdate/preupdate | 17 + .github/workflows/test.yml | 12 +- Dockerfile | 10 +- README.md | 4 + docs/README.md | 16 + docs/baseline/EarthDayPodcast_Full_Final.vtt | 4688 +++++++++++++++ .../EarthDayPodcast_Full_Final_m4a.vtt | 4688 +++++++++++++++ docs/baseline/LLSF_7_20121209.vtt | 1070 ++++ docs/baseline/LLSF_7_20121209_mp4.vtt | 1073 ++++ docs/baseline/bb158br2509_sl.vtt | 1778 ++++++ docs/baseline/bb158br2509_sl_m4a.vtt | 1778 ++++++ docs/baseline/bd766nv2565_sl.vtt | 1877 ++++++ docs/baseline/bd766nv2565_sl_m4a.vtt | 1877 ++++++ docs/baseline/bg405cn7261_v2_sl.vtt | 815 +++ docs/baseline/bg405cn7261_v2_sl_mp4.vtt | 815 +++ docs/baseline/bg821nn2750_sl.vtt | 1688 ++++++ docs/baseline/bg821nn2750_sl_mp4.vtt | 1682 ++++++ docs/baseline/br525sp8033_FV4289_v4_sl.vtt | 212 + .../baseline/br525sp8033_FV4289_v4_sl_mp4.vtt | 212 + docs/baseline/bs744dg5568_sl.vtt | 902 +++ docs/baseline/bs744dg5568_sl_mp4.vtt | 1277 ++++ docs/baseline/bw689yg2740_sl.vtt | 4763 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mode 100644 index 0000000..2b418d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/.autoupdate/preupdate @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +#!/bin/bash + +# This script is called by our weekly dependency update job in Jenkins + +pip3 install uv > speech-to-text.txt && + ~/.local/bin/uv lock --upgrade >> speech-to-text.txt + +retVal=$? + +git add uv.lock && + git commit -m "Update Python dependencies" + +if [ $retVal -ne 0 ]; then + echo "ERROR UPDATING PYTHON (speech-to-text)" + cat speech-to-text.txt +fi diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml index c91ef46..62a064b 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/test.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ name: Test on: - push jobs: - build: + test: runs-on: ubuntu-latest strategy: matrix: - python-version: [3.8] + python-version: [3.11] steps: - name: checkout @@ -31,15 +31,15 @@ jobs: run: | wget -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jontybrook/ffmpeg-install-script/main/install-ffmpeg-static.sh | bash -s -- --stable --force - - name: Install Python dependencies + - name: Install uv run: | - pip install -r requirements.txt + pip install uv - name: Run type checking - run: mypy . + run: uv run mypy . - name: Run tests - run: pytest --cov-branch --cov-report=xml + run: uv run pytest --cov-branch --cov-report=xml - name: Upload coverage reports to Codecov uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5 diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile index 90ddc12..db3a766 100644 --- a/Dockerfile +++ b/Dockerfile @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -FROM nvidia/cuda:12.1.0-devel-ubuntu20.04 +FROM nvidia/cuda:12.8.0-cudnn-devel-ubuntu22.04 RUN apt-get update && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y \ python3 \ @@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ RUN apt-get update && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y \ WORKDIR /app ADD ./whisper_models whisper_models -ADD ./requirements.txt requirements.txt +ADD ./pyproject.toml pyproject.toml RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip -RUN python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt +RUN python3 -m pip install uv ADD ./speech_to_text.py speech_to_text.py -RUN python3 -m py_compile speech_to_text.py +RUN uv run python3 -m py_compile speech_to_text.py -ENTRYPOINT ["python3", "speech_to_text.py"] +ENTRYPOINT ["uv", "run", "speech_to_text.py"] diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 39f9e93..39ba55f 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -303,6 +303,10 @@ When updating the base Docker image, in order to prevent random segmentation fau 1. You are using an [nvidia/cuda](https://hub.docker.com/r/nvidia/cuda) base Docker image. 2. The version of CUDA you are using in the Docker container aligns with the version of CUDA that is installed in the host operating system that is running Docker. +## Benchmarking + +It may be useful to compare the output of speech-to-text with previous runs. See docs/README.md for more about that. + ## Linting and Type Checking You may notice your changes fail in CI if they require reformatting or fail type checking. We use [ruff](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/) for formatting Python code, and [mypy](https://mypy-lang.org/) for type checking. Both of those should be present in your virtual environment. diff --git a/docs/README.md b/docs/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84b43ac --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Benchmark speech-to-text + +If you make changes to speech-to-text's software dependencies, especially the base nvidia/cuda Docker image or the Whisper software, it's a good idea to see what divergence there might be in the transcripts that are generated. To do this properly we should send the media through the complete speech-to-text workflow in the SDR, since it has certain options configured for Whisper as well as pre and post-processing. + +22 items have been deposited into the SDR development environment, and tagged so that they can be easily queued up for processing: https://github.com/sul-dlss/speech-to-text/wiki/Load-testing-the-speech%E2%80%90to%E2%80%90text-workflow + +The VTT file output for these transcripts as of 2025-01-31 has been stored in the `baseline-transcripts` directory. If you are making major updates and would like to examine the differences in output you can: + +1. Ensure your changes to speech-to-text pass tests locally or in Github. +2. Deploy your changes to the SDR QA environment by tagging a new version, e.g. `git tag rel-2025-01-29`, and pushing it to Github so that the release Github Action runs `git push --tags`. If this succeeds your changes will be live in the QA and Stage environments. +3. Use Argo's [bulk action](https://github.com/sul-dlss/speech-to-text/wiki/Load-testing-the-speech%E2%80%90to%E2%80%90text-workflow#running-text-extraction-as-a-bulk-action) to generate transcripts. +4. Run report.py: `python report.py` + +You should find a `index.md` Markdown file in a date stamped directory inside the `reports` directory. + +The `baseline` directory contains Cocina JSON and VTT files to use as baseline data. You may want to update these over time as understanding of what to use as a baseline changes. diff --git a/docs/baseline/EarthDayPodcast_Full_Final.vtt b/docs/baseline/EarthDayPodcast_Full_Final.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51db845 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/EarthDayPodcast_Full_Final.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,4688 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:16.840 --> 00:19.320 +Good evening, everyone. You're listening + +00:19.320 --> 00:23.240 +to KCSU Stanford 90.1. Thank you so much + +00:23.240 --> 00:24.940 +for joining us for the Happy Birthday + +00:24.940 --> 00:27.360 +Earth Day 50th Anniversary Special + +00:27.360 --> 00:29.260 +featuring students from Ellen Fletcher + +00:29.260 --> 00:31.100 +Middle School in Palo Alto, California. + +00:31.900 --> 00:34.600 +I'm Lexi Nealon. And I'm Chris Escobedo. + +00:34.740 --> 00:36.660 +And we will be your hosts tonight for this + +00:36.660 --> 00:38.380 +Earth Day special. We're both + +00:38.380 --> 00:40.460 +undergraduates completing degrees in the + +00:40.460 --> 00:42.100 +Earth Systems program at Stanford + +00:42.100 --> 00:44.240 +University. For our senior capstone + +00:44.240 --> 00:45.740 +project, we wanted to work on something + +00:45.740 --> 00:47.440 +that would make a difference in the world, + +00:47.560 --> 00:50.080 +not just for us as students, but for the + +00:50.080 --> 00:52.520 +broader community as well, something that + +00:52.520 --> 00:55.160 +would last beyond our time at Stanford. We + +00:55.160 --> 00:57.140 +were especially interested in working with + +00:57.140 --> 00:59.280 +youth for this project because we see a + +00:59.280 --> 01:01.500 +tremendous need and desire to involve them + +01:01.500 --> 01:04.320 +in the environmental movement. In recent + +01:04.320 --> 01:06.560 +years, Gen Z has become increasingly + +01:06.560 --> 01:09.360 +interested in environmental activism, and + +01:09.360 --> 01:11.060 +the Washington Post actually estimates + +01:11.060 --> 01:13.940 +that 24% of current U.S. teenagers have + +01:13.940 --> 01:16.400 +participated in a school walkout, attended + +01:16.400 --> 01:18.640 +a protest, or written to a government + +01:18.640 --> 01:20.460 +representative about climate change. + +01:20.460 --> 01:23.480 +Because lots of environmental issues are + +01:23.480 --> 01:26.100 +complex and overwhelming, we were curious + +01:26.100 --> 01:28.560 +to hear how young people would talk about + +01:28.560 --> 01:30.860 +them in their own voices, what questions + +01:30.860 --> 01:32.880 +they might have, what concerns they'd + +01:32.880 --> 01:35.060 +have, and what they look forward to in the + +01:35.060 --> 01:37.700 +future. We were also so aware of the need + +01:37.700 --> 01:39.960 +for hope and optimism, especially right + +01:39.960 --> 01:42.340 +now during this pandemic, and it seemed + +01:42.340 --> 01:44.840 +that empowering youth to participate in + +01:44.840 --> 01:47.220 +these complex discussions could serve as a + +01:47.220 --> 01:48.800 +powerful motivator for environmental + +01:48.800 --> 01:51.280 +activism. activism. I've worked in radio + +01:51.280 --> 01:54.100 +at KCSU for almost four years, so I know + +01:54.100 --> 01:56.460 +that this is a great platform not only for + +01:56.460 --> 01:58.560 +participants to highlight their ideas, but + +01:58.560 --> 02:00.540 +also for them to build confidence, learn + +02:00.540 --> 02:02.220 +how to talk with people, and find their + +02:02.220 --> 02:04.460 +own voice. Putting all that together, + +02:04.780 --> 02:06.180 +Chris and I thought that a podcast + +02:06.180 --> 02:07.480 +highlighting middle schoolers' + +02:07.520 --> 02:09.420 +perspectives at an age when they are + +02:09.420 --> 02:11.180 +really coming into their own in terms of + +02:11.180 --> 02:13.080 +becoming active decision makers in their + +02:13.080 --> 02:15.340 +school and community would be a great way + +02:15.340 --> 02:17.520 +to celebrate Earth Day. Over the last + +02:17.520 --> 02:19.840 +three months, we've worked collaboratively + +02:19.840 --> 02:21.500 +with 13 Ellen Fletcher middle school + +02:21.500 --> 02:23.720 +students to prepare them to interview + +02:23.720 --> 02:26.100 +their chosen trusted adults and to be + +02:26.100 --> 02:28.500 +interviewed themselves. We hope that + +02:28.500 --> 02:29.860 +hearing from these students will make + +02:29.860 --> 02:31.760 +others excited about considering the youth + +02:31.760 --> 02:33.980 +voice, especially when making decisions + +02:33.980 --> 02:36.700 +that impact future generations. The + +02:36.700 --> 02:38.480 +remainder of this program follows the + +02:38.480 --> 02:40.100 +students as they interview family, + +02:40.320 --> 02:42.660 +friends, mentors, and teachers from their + +02:42.660 --> 02:44.640 +community who reflect on environmental + +02:44.640 --> 02:46.480 +changes they've noticed since the first + +02:46.480 --> 02:49.980 +Earth Day in 1970. Later on, the same + +02:49.980 --> 02:51.800 +students will discuss their perspectives + +02:51.800 --> 02:53.640 +on today's environmental challenges, + +02:53.860 --> 02:56.560 +particularly climate change, and offer + +02:56.560 --> 02:58.620 +their own inspiring visions for how we + +02:58.620 --> 03:00.480 +might achieve a more sustainable future. + +03:01.560 --> 03:04.060 +Before we get started though, we'd like to + +03:04.060 --> 03:06.060 +share a quick message with you about the + +03:06.060 --> 03:08.820 +temporary coronavirus-related closure of + +03:08.820 --> 03:12.100 +our campus arts museum. As part of + +03:12.100 --> 03:14.880 +Stanford's response to COVID-19, Cantor + +03:14.880 --> 03:16.980 +Arts Center has closed its galleries to + +03:16.980 --> 03:18.940 +the general public until at least May + +03:18.940 --> 03:21.980 +15th. In the interim, the museum is + +03:21.980 --> 03:24.480 +offering a digest of digital resources for + +03:24.480 --> 03:26.500 +visitors to explore through Museums at + +03:26.500 --> 03:31.200 +Home link. Visit museum.stanford.edu slash + +03:31.200 --> 03:35.400 +museums dash home. Cantor Arts is looking + +03:35.400 --> 03:37.460 +forward to reopening its doors once again + +03:37.460 --> 03:40.940 +as soon as possible. For more info, go to + +03:40.940 --> 03:45.500 +museums.stanford.edu. Thanks, Chris, for + +03:45.500 --> 03:48.300 +that important update. Now, as a reminder, + +03:48.520 --> 03:50.840 +each of our 13 students selected one adult + +03:50.840 --> 03:53.120 +participant, and the only criteria we + +03:53.120 --> 03:55.040 +required for their selection was that the + +03:55.040 --> 03:56.480 +adult had to be someone they would be + +03:56.480 --> 03:58.200 +comfortable interviewing and was at least + +03:58.200 --> 04:00.400 +50 years old, such that they were alive + +04:00.400 --> 04:03.540 +during the first Earth Day in 1970. Right, + +04:03.660 --> 04:05.520 +so let's go ahead and meet those adults + +04:05.520 --> 04:06.400 +that our students chose. + +04:10.860 --> 04:14.340 +I'm a mother of one fantastic daughter, + +04:14.600 --> 04:18.140 +and I'm an administrator at Stanford in + +04:18.140 --> 04:20.800 +the computer science department. I'm like + +04:20.800 --> 04:23.460 +technically a secretary, a nutrition + +04:23.460 --> 04:25.880 +expert, a housekeeper and fashion + +04:25.880 --> 04:28.440 +counselor for my husband and my two + +04:28.440 --> 04:31.940 +beautiful kids. And I was born in Mexico + +04:31.940 --> 04:34.120 +City. I'm the daughter of Spanish + +04:34.120 --> 04:37.520 +immigrants. I am a teacher, and I'm very + +04:37.520 --> 04:40.820 +proud to be one, even though I don't teach + +04:40.820 --> 04:44.580 +nowadays. I'm from Berkeley, California, + +04:45.000 --> 04:49.700 +and I, of course, am retired. I'm elderly. + +04:50.420 --> 04:53.600 +I volunteer at the food closet and have a + +04:53.600 --> 04:58.120 +great book club. I'm from Bulgaria, Sofia + +04:58.120 --> 05:00.240 +is the capital of Bulgaria. I was born + +05:00.240 --> 05:04.160 +during communism and then my husband won a + +05:04.160 --> 05:06.640 +green card from the lottery and we all + +05:06.640 --> 05:11.120 +became here. And we are in the USA since + +05:11.120 --> 05:15.220 +March of 1996. I live in Palo Alto, + +05:15.320 --> 05:18.500 +California. I run a company, I'm the CEO + +05:18.500 --> 05:21.240 +and co-founder of a tech company that has + +05:21.240 --> 05:23.780 +a software solution based on artificial + +05:23.780 --> 05:26.240 +intelligence. I am the Fletcher Middle + +05:26.240 --> 05:29.620 +School librarian, and I was born in 1965 + +05:29.620 --> 05:33.180 +in Boston, and I went to UC Berkeley for + +05:33.180 --> 05:36.060 +my teaching credential and my master's in + +05:36.060 --> 05:38.960 +education. And my favorite job of all is + +05:38.960 --> 05:41.960 +being a middle school teacher librarian. I + +05:41.960 --> 05:45.700 +am a language arts and music teacher, a + +05:45.700 --> 05:48.740 +great supporter of all environmental + +05:48.740 --> 05:51.340 +movements to save this beautiful planet, + +05:51.560 --> 05:56.160 +Mother Earth. and I recycle very + +05:56.160 --> 05:59.460 +scrupulously. I grew up in India. + +06:00.380 --> 06:03.640 +Currently, I'm an enterprise solutions + +06:03.640 --> 06:06.980 +engineer working in the machine learning + +06:06.980 --> 06:09.620 +artificial intelligence field. When I was + +06:09.620 --> 06:13.140 +growing up, I went to college to study + +06:13.140 --> 06:17.940 +geology and earth sciences, but then I + +06:17.940 --> 06:19.700 +moved to computer science field. + +06:19.700 --> 06:23.340 +Currently, I'm working in medical affairs, + +06:23.500 --> 06:26.820 +working with cancer drugs at a + +06:26.820 --> 06:30.040 +pharmaceutical company. For fun, I like to + +06:30.040 --> 06:34.760 +travel, and every year we visit my parents + +06:34.760 --> 06:38.300 +and relatives in Thailand. I'm a + +06:38.300 --> 06:41.040 +management consultant. I work mostly in + +06:41.040 --> 06:43.580 +the life sciences industry doing + +06:43.580 --> 06:46.540 +technology consulting. I grew up in a + +06:46.540 --> 06:49.340 +little town in Iowa, northeastern Iowa. + +06:49.680 --> 06:54.960 +And the last few years, I was a school + +06:54.960 --> 06:57.420 +librarian at a high school in Fairfax + +06:57.420 --> 07:01.300 +County. I grew up in Southern California + +07:01.300 --> 07:05.020 +in Orange County. And then when I got + +07:05.020 --> 07:09.220 +married, we both worked in technology. And + +07:09.220 --> 07:12.020 +so we moved up here to the Bay Area. And + +07:12.020 --> 07:15.600 +then we both have worked in technology and + +07:15.600 --> 07:17.400 +also have been very involved in the + +07:17.400 --> 07:18.960 +schools when our kids were in school. + +07:25.580 --> 07:27.340 +What amazing and diverse participants. + +07:28.220 --> 07:30.060 +Although all of our students are based in + +07:30.060 --> 07:32.180 +Palo Alto, the adults they chose to + +07:32.180 --> 07:33.660 +interview have connections all over the + +07:33.660 --> 07:35.720 +globe. I can't wait to hear what they have + +07:35.720 --> 07:38.720 +to say. Absolutely agreed. I think this + +07:38.720 --> 07:40.140 +really goes to show just how + +07:40.140 --> 07:42.720 +interconnected our world is nowadays. And + +07:42.720 --> 07:44.920 +I'm thrilled to hear such a wide variety + +07:44.920 --> 07:47.520 +of perspectives. Let's hand it over to the + +07:47.520 --> 07:48.460 +kids to get us started. + +07:52.860 --> 07:55.160 +Think about a place where you have lived + +07:55.160 --> 07:58.580 +in or visited for multiple years. How has + +07:58.580 --> 08:00.780 +the environment in that place changed over + +08:00.780 --> 08:04.180 +time? Sure. Sure. One of the most popular + +08:04.180 --> 08:07.340 +places in India is Bangalore. And as + +08:07.340 --> 08:10.580 +anyone knows right now, Bangalore is + +08:10.580 --> 08:12.880 +called the Silicon Valley of India. But + +08:12.880 --> 08:14.960 +when I was growing up, Bangalore was the + +08:14.960 --> 08:17.580 +most beautiful city with the best weather + +08:17.580 --> 08:21.600 +and no pollution, less number of people. + +08:21.660 --> 08:24.560 +It was a beautiful city to grow or visit + +08:24.560 --> 08:27.800 +for tourism. But as the time passed by, + +08:28.040 --> 08:32.000 +the tech boom happened and people just + +08:32.000 --> 08:35.220 +grew exponentially. Now, every time I go + +08:35.220 --> 08:37.920 +to Bangalore, it's dusty, it's polluted, + +08:38.100 --> 08:42.920 +it's warm, and it's not that something you + +08:42.920 --> 08:45.600 +love to live there. It has changed + +08:45.600 --> 08:48.360 +drastically. I would say like in 25 or 30 + +08:48.360 --> 08:54.780 +years, it has become from a nice, cold and + +08:54.780 --> 08:59.040 +pleasant city in terms of the weather to + +08:59.040 --> 09:03.480 +more like hot. Humidity is high now and it + +09:03.480 --> 09:07.320 +rains too often. I grew up in Busan city + +09:07.320 --> 09:10.240 +in South Korea. It is a south part of + +09:10.240 --> 09:13.360 +country. It's near the ocean. It was a + +09:13.360 --> 09:16.220 +very nice place. The weather was nice. The + +09:16.220 --> 09:19.580 +air was very clean. There was a mountain + +09:19.580 --> 09:23.420 +near my town, and it was easily accessible + +09:23.420 --> 09:26.940 +for everyone. I remember that there was a + +09:26.940 --> 09:29.240 +little stream, and sometimes my friend and + +09:29.240 --> 09:32.300 +I went to the air play. We could easily + +09:32.300 --> 09:34.920 +spot frog spawn and tadpole and small + +09:34.920 --> 09:37.960 +fishes. It was fun. Well, like about 20 + +09:37.960 --> 09:40.620 +years ago, there was yellow dust, + +09:40.760 --> 09:43.660 +especially during springtime. Scientists + +09:43.660 --> 09:47.160 +said that yellow dust from China during + +09:47.160 --> 09:50.140 +springtime because wind made this yellow + +09:50.140 --> 09:54.320 +dust blow over the ocean and arrived to + +09:54.320 --> 09:57.120 +South Korea. But it's usually springtime, + +09:57.240 --> 09:59.640 +not that long, so people could just + +09:59.640 --> 10:02.380 +prevent and wear masks during that time. + +10:02.380 --> 10:06.720 +But however, these days, not only yellow + +10:06.720 --> 10:10.340 +dust, nowadays they say fine dust. I + +10:10.340 --> 10:14.320 +remember I went outside with a kid and I + +10:14.320 --> 10:17.500 +could tell the air is not very clear. And + +10:17.500 --> 10:19.640 +I got a phone call from my sister-in-law + +10:19.640 --> 10:22.900 +and, oh, today the fine dust level is very + +10:22.900 --> 10:25.040 +high. You should stay at home. And I + +10:25.040 --> 10:28.440 +asked, what is that? And she came to me + +10:28.440 --> 10:31.380 +and she showed me how to install the Find + +10:31.380 --> 10:34.220 +Us Index application. And she told me, you + +10:34.220 --> 10:36.060 +should check it every day. And if the + +10:36.060 --> 10:37.820 +level is very high, you should stay at + +10:37.820 --> 10:40.240 +home. It's really, really bad for kids and + +10:40.240 --> 10:43.080 +older people. And if you have to go out, + +10:43.160 --> 10:46.560 +you should wear a mask. So that is the new + +10:46.560 --> 10:50.660 +culture in Korea. I would take my hometown + +10:50.660 --> 10:54.620 +in India. It's almost kind of a very + +10:54.620 --> 10:56.600 +hidden gem. It's a hill station tucked + +10:56.600 --> 10:59.860 +away from the civilization almost. It's + +10:59.860 --> 11:03.620 +called Wayanad. It's on the southmost tip + +11:03.620 --> 11:05.720 +of India. As I said, it's a hill station + +11:05.720 --> 11:08.360 +surrounded by mountain around 8,000 feet + +11:08.360 --> 11:11.360 +above sea level. The only access to the + +11:11.360 --> 11:14.940 +place still is a bus route. And that's how + +11:14.940 --> 11:17.600 +we communicate with the rest of the world. + +11:17.820 --> 11:20.440 +So the memories of that place is, you + +11:20.440 --> 11:22.840 +know, it was abundance of nature. or + +11:22.840 --> 11:26.120 +that's what I can remember most. It was + +11:26.120 --> 11:29.360 +greenery everywhere, no pollution. When + +11:29.360 --> 11:32.360 +you walk outside at night, you could see a + +11:32.360 --> 11:36.320 +full starry sky. Like you couldn't see a + +11:36.320 --> 11:38.500 +place, locate a place where you don't see + +11:38.500 --> 11:41.120 +stars. It was that kind of a place. When I + +11:41.120 --> 11:44.180 +traveled back, I mostly traveled again by + +11:44.180 --> 11:46.840 +bus. So the first thing that you remember + +11:46.840 --> 11:51.540 +is as you are climbing a winding hill road + +11:51.540 --> 11:55.460 +to reach Wayanad, you would suddenly be + +11:55.460 --> 11:58.380 +hit with lots and lots of fresh air. Even + +11:58.380 --> 12:00.760 +if I'm sleeping, I would know that I + +12:00.760 --> 12:03.940 +reached Wayanad by just that breath of + +12:03.940 --> 12:07.040 +fresh air. So over the years, this fresh + +12:07.040 --> 12:11.340 +air, this cold wind, and that sweetness of + +12:11.340 --> 12:14.260 +earth that you can smell, that slowly + +12:14.260 --> 12:17.620 +started kind of eroding. So it's a little + +12:17.620 --> 12:20.900 +bit sad to see the place converted to + +12:20.900 --> 12:24.840 +almost an industrial location where you + +12:24.840 --> 12:27.220 +could see houses everywhere, roads + +12:27.220 --> 12:29.640 +everywhere, buildings getting propped up + +12:29.640 --> 12:31.740 +everywhere. So it's a little bit sad to + +12:31.740 --> 12:35.260 +see that. The first place I lived overseas + +12:35.260 --> 12:41.320 +was in Japan, which was Okinawa, but now + +12:41.320 --> 12:44.060 +that part is all part of Japan. Japan. + +12:44.180 --> 12:46.300 +It's a very small island. It was right + +12:46.300 --> 12:50.220 +after World War II. And there were a lot + +12:50.220 --> 12:52.600 +of damages done to the environment there + +12:52.600 --> 12:56.140 +because of the war in many places that + +12:56.140 --> 12:59.160 +were inaccessible to most people because + +12:59.160 --> 13:02.140 +it had damaged the place so much. And I + +13:02.140 --> 13:04.800 +understand that now they created a lot of + +13:04.800 --> 13:06.940 +tourist spots there. And apparently + +13:06.940 --> 13:10.660 +they've tried to restore the environment + +13:10.660 --> 13:14.320 +there, beaches and bring back a different + +13:14.320 --> 13:17.900 +kind of tourist economy. In Germany, we + +13:17.900 --> 13:20.560 +were there right after, you know, within a + +13:20.560 --> 13:23.080 +year of that. And there were many places + +13:23.080 --> 13:25.620 +you couldn't go because they still were + +13:25.620 --> 13:28.820 +having problems with unexploded bombs and + +13:28.820 --> 13:31.740 +stuff because you couldn't go there. So we + +13:31.740 --> 13:35.680 +didn't have a lot of access to just + +13:35.680 --> 13:37.900 +anywhere we wanted to go in Europe. All + +13:37.900 --> 13:39.740 +these places you could just walk right up + +13:39.740 --> 13:43.600 +to the buildings. And we went back there + +13:43.600 --> 13:45.360 +many years later and you could not do that + +13:45.360 --> 13:48.240 +because they had been damaged too much, + +13:48.240 --> 13:51.660 +either by tourists or time. When I was + +13:51.660 --> 13:54.340 +growing up, Mexico City had the most + +13:54.340 --> 13:57.680 +incredible environment. What I recall is a + +13:57.680 --> 14:00.420 +beautiful valley surrounded by mountains + +14:00.420 --> 14:04.980 +and some of them are huge volcanoes. The + +14:04.980 --> 14:07.900 +sky was always blue, the air always + +14:07.900 --> 14:10.800 +transparent. And you could predict the + +14:10.800 --> 14:14.120 +weather because it ran with clock + +14:14.120 --> 14:16.620 +perfection. We had a rainy season that + +14:16.620 --> 14:19.760 +started in May, finished in September. But + +14:19.760 --> 14:22.360 +that was it. And the fruit that you had + +14:22.360 --> 14:24.960 +and the vegetables you ate belonged to + +14:24.960 --> 14:27.300 +that season. Right now, everything has + +14:27.300 --> 14:29.840 +changed. When I was growing up, this city + +14:29.840 --> 14:32.600 +had 6 million people. And right now we are + +14:32.600 --> 14:34.740 +20-something. So the city has grown + +14:34.740 --> 14:39.540 +incredibly, incredibly, and not with great + +14:39.540 --> 14:42.580 +order, I would say. Can you please tell me + +14:42.580 --> 14:44.560 +about a time where you felt that climate + +14:44.560 --> 14:47.380 +change was impacting a part of your daily + +14:47.380 --> 14:50.520 +life? The drought we experienced a few + +14:50.520 --> 14:54.840 +years ago comes to mind. I remember when I + +14:54.840 --> 14:58.160 +first came to Pau Alto, there was a lot of + +14:58.160 --> 15:01.480 +rain in the winter and through the month + +15:01.480 --> 15:05.040 +of April. This is no longer the case and + +15:05.040 --> 15:07.920 +all of us remember how we had a water + +15:07.920 --> 15:11.140 +crisis and had to stop washing our cars, + +15:11.320 --> 15:15.900 +balconies, had to stop watering plants and + +15:15.900 --> 15:18.800 +change our habits to preserve water. of? + +15:19.220 --> 15:21.340 +Well, look at right now, we're all sitting + +15:21.340 --> 15:24.400 +at home and being quarantined. Why? + +15:24.580 --> 15:28.520 +Because there are some practices that need + +15:28.520 --> 15:32.960 +to be reviewed. What we eat, how we eat + +15:32.960 --> 15:36.340 +it, because the viruses come a lot of + +15:36.340 --> 15:40.960 +times from unhealthy food practices. And + +15:40.960 --> 15:43.340 +so the ethics of of what we're eating need + +15:43.340 --> 15:46.720 +to be reviewed in many countries. And + +15:46.720 --> 15:52.880 +then, yes, the ability to spread any kind + +15:52.880 --> 15:55.220 +of a problem all over the world quickly, + +15:56.240 --> 15:59.200 +that is an environmental issue that we're + +15:59.200 --> 16:01.420 +facing right now because we're so + +16:01.420 --> 16:04.200 +interconnected through airplanes, through + +16:04.200 --> 16:07.400 +traveling. Since we can do that, we need + +16:07.400 --> 16:10.840 +to be very conscious conscious about how + +16:10.840 --> 16:14.020 +we're behaving and what we are again what + +16:14.020 --> 16:16.520 +footprint we're leaving behind so i grew + +16:16.520 --> 16:21.260 +up in india when um companies like talked + +16:21.260 --> 16:25.380 +about co2 emissions i think more into + +16:25.380 --> 16:27.700 +general context in india was like people + +16:27.700 --> 16:32.080 +believed what was there but then um what + +16:32.080 --> 16:33.960 +happened was there were some industry + +16:33.960 --> 16:36.460 +disasters that happened in india i + +16:36.460 --> 16:39.000 +remember back in 70s and 80s, there were + +16:39.000 --> 16:41.420 +poisonous gases released in the atmosphere + +16:41.420 --> 16:45.440 +during something that happened with the + +16:45.440 --> 16:49.300 +industrial complex, and it caused a lot of + +16:49.300 --> 16:52.220 +deaths. So I think if I go back, I think + +16:52.220 --> 16:54.600 +in my memory only, I think the focus was + +16:54.600 --> 16:57.360 +always on these kind of life-threatening + +16:57.360 --> 17:02.120 +disasters rather than CO2 emissions, to my + +17:02.120 --> 17:03.560 +awareness. I don't think people paid + +17:03.560 --> 17:06.640 +enough attention to CO2 emissions back in + +17:06.640 --> 17:08.820 +the day. Do you think the general populace + +17:08.820 --> 17:11.860 +in your area were aware of climate change + +17:11.860 --> 17:15.520 +back then? Absolutely not. I don't think + +17:15.520 --> 17:19.080 +there was any awareness or even now there + +17:19.080 --> 17:20.480 +is awareness for climate change. + +17:21.080 --> 17:24.540 +Definitely the pollution, the industrial + +17:24.540 --> 17:27.000 +hazards that happened there, those were + +17:27.000 --> 17:30.600 +the concerns. But if I talk to most of the + +17:30.600 --> 17:32.660 +people back home in India, I don't think + +17:32.660 --> 17:35.500 +anybody knows the impact or the + +17:35.500 --> 17:39.240 +consequences of climate change. Even if + +17:39.240 --> 17:41.260 +you don't believe in the root cause, + +17:41.500 --> 17:43.780 +that's because of pollution or not, but we + +17:43.780 --> 17:45.220 +all know that the temperature of the + +17:45.220 --> 17:47.440 +planet is rising and it will have + +17:47.440 --> 17:50.540 +consequences. I don't think anybody's + +17:50.540 --> 17:52.840 +paying attention to that. I think it's + +17:52.840 --> 17:55.000 +probably the same in the United States. If + +17:55.000 --> 17:56.680 +you look at most of the cities, the big + +17:56.680 --> 17:58.940 +cities like New York, San Francisco, + +17:59.260 --> 18:02.480 +Houston, they're all on the coast. So if + +18:02.480 --> 18:05.160 +the temperature keeps rising, these cities + +18:05.160 --> 18:07.180 +won't exist anymore. But I think people + +18:07.180 --> 18:10.200 +think somehow it will solve itself, or + +18:10.200 --> 18:13.160 +honestly, people are not thinking long + +18:13.160 --> 18:15.960 +-term, in my opinion. What are your + +18:15.960 --> 18:17.600 +thoughts about the environment right now + +18:17.600 --> 18:19.560 +compared to the environment 15 years ago? + +18:19.960 --> 18:22.480 +I think about it a lot now. I mean, + +18:22.500 --> 18:24.780 +there's so much written about it, and we + +18:24.780 --> 18:28.120 +see so many pictures. We really never gave + +18:28.120 --> 18:31.380 +it a thought. never read or heard about it + +18:31.380 --> 18:34.520 +50 years ago. And now you just see + +18:34.520 --> 18:37.820 +pictures of it happening. I think it's in + +18:37.820 --> 18:42.080 +the forefront of all of our minds now. I + +18:42.080 --> 18:44.980 +hardly think you could talk to anyone who + +18:44.980 --> 18:47.420 +didn't think that it's happening. + +18:53.320 --> 18:55.460 +I don't know about you, but I'm finding it + +18:55.460 --> 18:57.400 +fascinating to hear from these folks about + +18:57.400 --> 18:59.360 +the changes they've witnessed, both in the + +18:59.360 --> 19:00.760 +sense of physical changes to the + +19:00.760 --> 19:02.820 +environment, as well as in social and + +19:02.820 --> 19:04.680 +cultural awareness about how humans are + +19:04.680 --> 19:07.280 +impacting the climate. Yeah, absolutely. I + +19:07.280 --> 19:09.100 +think they've done a fantastic job + +19:09.100 --> 19:11.200 +capturing what climate change really looks + +19:11.200 --> 19:14.240 +like on a human scale. It's almost + +19:14.240 --> 19:16.520 +disheartening to hear all of these + +19:16.520 --> 19:19.260 +dramatic personal stories of how much the + +19:19.260 --> 19:21.820 +earth has changed. Honestly, it's a little + +19:21.820 --> 19:24.140 +scary to think about. But at the same + +19:24.140 --> 19:26.300 +time, it's so encouraging to hear about + +19:26.300 --> 19:28.840 +how our awareness is growing, to know that + +19:28.840 --> 19:31.480 +people are paying more and more attention + +19:31.480 --> 19:34.620 +to these issues. I agree. Their message + +19:34.620 --> 19:37.280 +makes me feel very hopeful too. But let's + +19:37.280 --> 19:39.060 +also build some scientific context around + +19:39.060 --> 19:40.600 +the stories we've been hearing and talk + +19:40.600 --> 19:42.020 +about what the changes have looked like at + +19:42.020 --> 19:45.140 +a global scale. Sure, definitely. So this + +19:45.140 --> 19:47.680 +past year was the second warmest year on + +19:47.680 --> 19:51.160 +record globally. And July of 2019 was the + +19:51.160 --> 19:55.380 +hottest month in California ever. Since + +19:55.380 --> 19:58.580 +that very first Earth Day in 1970, our + +19:58.580 --> 20:01.600 +atmospheric CO2 levels have increased by + +20:01.600 --> 20:05.420 +26%, and every year we reach a new record + +20:05.420 --> 20:08.320 +high. The human population has also grown + +20:08.320 --> 20:11.660 +from 3.7 billion people in 1970 to close + +20:11.660 --> 20:13.740 +to 8 billion today, thus greatly + +20:13.740 --> 20:15.860 +increasing our ability as a species to + +20:15.860 --> 20:17.600 +make a lasting impact on the world around + +20:17.600 --> 20:20.500 +us. Yeah, I think these numbers can be be + +20:20.500 --> 20:23.340 +really shocking. They are super important + +20:23.340 --> 20:25.740 +and they do a great job of highlighting + +20:25.740 --> 20:28.960 +big changes and trends. But I also + +20:28.960 --> 20:31.440 +understand that for many of us, they are + +20:31.440 --> 20:34.220 +just big numbers and percentages and they + +20:34.220 --> 20:37.120 +don't mean much on their own. But these + +20:37.120 --> 20:40.080 +big numbers are causing real changes here + +20:40.080 --> 20:42.880 +and now. These drastic changes we've heard + +20:42.880 --> 20:45.180 +a lot about, the way people's lives are + +20:45.180 --> 20:48.020 +being impacted today, that is what these + +20:48.020 --> 20:50.380 +numbers are telling us. You're completely + +20:50.380 --> 20:52.620 +right. What's most important is the issues + +20:52.620 --> 20:54.320 +that these climate conditions can cause + +20:54.320 --> 20:56.240 +for our communities as well as for our + +20:56.240 --> 20:58.660 +environment. Let's go ahead and turn + +20:58.660 --> 21:00.260 +things back over to our students and their + +21:00.260 --> 21:02.060 +interviewees to hear more about how these + +21:02.060 --> 21:04.420 +issues manifest in their lives and what we + +21:04.420 --> 21:07.120 +can do individually and as a society to + +21:07.120 --> 21:07.740 +address them. + +21:11.600 --> 21:13.880 +can you describe the most important + +21:13.880 --> 21:16.440 +environmental issue in your opinion and + +21:16.440 --> 21:21.440 +why it's important pollution the the + +21:21.440 --> 21:24.280 +carbon emissions from cars and everyone on + +21:24.280 --> 21:26.020 +the road rushing to get to where they are + +21:26.020 --> 21:30.080 +if you look at the coronavirus pandemic + +21:30.080 --> 21:33.340 +with everyone sheltering in pace you can + +21:33.340 --> 21:37.080 +see that la our area, the pollution has + +21:37.080 --> 21:40.140 +been cut back or cut down because nobody's + +21:40.140 --> 21:42.640 +on the road using their cars. To me, + +21:42.760 --> 21:47.760 +rising sea level is the most, I would say, + +21:47.800 --> 21:51.500 +important environmental issue because that + +21:51.500 --> 21:55.280 +is causing a lot of smaller islands + +21:55.280 --> 21:58.640 +getting submerged by the sea level rise. + +21:58.640 --> 22:02.180 +So people are losing their places to live + +22:02.180 --> 22:06.560 +and animals or like sea animals, they're + +22:06.560 --> 22:09.660 +having trouble in terms of the pollution + +22:09.660 --> 22:14.040 +in the ocean. I think climate change is so + +22:14.040 --> 22:17.020 +important, not just for us here in + +22:17.020 --> 22:19.200 +California, where we've seen these raging + +22:19.200 --> 22:22.780 +wildfires, but around the world. And it + +22:22.780 --> 22:26.660 +just enrages me that we have people who + +22:26.660 --> 22:30.400 +are naysayers and denying the science. if + +22:30.400 --> 22:32.940 +you just look at the shrinkage of the ice, + +22:33.020 --> 22:34.840 +the polar ice, and you just watch that. + +22:34.920 --> 22:36.600 +And then you see these pictures of the + +22:36.600 --> 22:39.300 +starving polar bears. I mean, if that + +22:39.300 --> 22:40.980 +doesn't move someone, I don't know what + +22:40.980 --> 22:42.560 +will. And that's just talking about the + +22:42.560 --> 22:44.280 +animal population. But then you think + +22:44.280 --> 22:46.720 +about all the floods we've been having and + +22:46.720 --> 22:50.060 +all the horrific extreme weather. It's all + +22:50.060 --> 22:51.900 +linked to climate change. And I don't + +22:51.900 --> 22:54.360 +understand why we're not able to get it + +22:54.360 --> 22:56.940 +together, especially as a country. The + +22:56.940 --> 22:59.580 +fact that that we took ourselves out of + +22:59.580 --> 23:01.600 +the international agreements is so + +23:01.600 --> 23:04.200 +embarrassing because we're supposed to be + +23:04.540 --> 23:07.040 +this leader of nations and we're not + +23:07.040 --> 23:09.720 +leading. I still don't see any clear + +23:09.720 --> 23:12.760 +action or a strong guide from government. + +23:13.240 --> 23:15.780 +It's just true that glaciers are melting + +23:15.780 --> 23:19.400 +every year due to global warming. All our + +23:19.400 --> 23:22.840 +animal habitats are destroyed. Also, it'll + +23:22.840 --> 23:25.860 +impact the ecosystem. If ecosystem is + +23:25.860 --> 23:28.080 +destroyed, Showing people that is safe, + +23:28.140 --> 23:31.220 +too. I'm really worried. Do you think that + +23:31.220 --> 23:33.740 +more public recognition from events like + +23:33.740 --> 23:35.500 +Earth Day has helped the climate improve? + +23:36.460 --> 23:40.900 +Yes, I do. The first Earth Day was a very + +23:40.900 --> 23:43.780 +big deal. I mean, I remember it very + +23:43.780 --> 23:46.320 +clearly. I was in college. I think that + +23:46.320 --> 23:48.840 +that's brought a lot of attention over the + +23:48.840 --> 23:51.420 +years, along with other measures. I come + +23:51.420 --> 23:54.080 +from a marketing background, and so I know + +23:54.080 --> 23:56.020 +it's very important to always get the word + +23:56.020 --> 23:59.020 +out so people really understand what the + +23:59.020 --> 24:02.920 +issues are. And so Earth Day, it's really + +24:02.920 --> 24:06.800 +a marketing ploy that brings attention to + +24:06.800 --> 24:09.100 +the issues. And I think it's very + +24:09.100 --> 24:10.360 +important because that's the way that you + +24:10.360 --> 24:12.060 +can communicate and hopefully get people + +24:12.060 --> 24:13.960 +involved in activities. activities. For + +24:13.960 --> 24:16.520 +instance, a typical Earth Day activity + +24:16.520 --> 24:18.460 +might be to go out and clean up the creeks + +24:18.460 --> 24:21.020 +or the beaches. And by people + +24:21.020 --> 24:23.140 +participating in this, I think it gives + +24:23.140 --> 24:25.820 +them a real hands-on experience as far as + +24:25.820 --> 24:28.960 +why it's important and what it is out + +24:28.960 --> 24:30.920 +there and how they can help. And that may + +24:30.920 --> 24:33.500 +make them expand their view beyond just + +24:33.500 --> 24:35.380 +that beach that they're cleaning up. I + +24:35.380 --> 24:39.260 +think it's a a piece of the whole puzzle. + +24:39.440 --> 24:42.360 +Nothing in life is, I think, just a one + +24:42.360 --> 24:46.700 +-shot deal. So when you say it takes a + +24:46.700 --> 24:50.820 +village to do something, I think that's a + +24:50.820 --> 24:53.040 +good analogy here, that it takes a + +24:53.040 --> 24:55.460 +village. So you need things on many + +24:55.460 --> 24:59.580 +different levels so that people will + +24:59.580 --> 25:02.380 +understand it on different levels, and + +25:02.380 --> 25:07.740 +that it can make an impact locally, + +25:08.560 --> 25:12.480 +statewide, federally, nationwide, and + +25:12.480 --> 25:14.640 +internationally. And so I think it's very + +25:14.640 --> 25:17.520 +important to have different pieces that + +25:17.520 --> 25:21.200 +are going to all work together to move the + +25:21.200 --> 25:25.380 +goals forward. Do you think that evolution + +25:25.380 --> 25:28.080 +in technology is doing more or less good + +25:28.080 --> 25:30.480 +for the environment? I'm divided in my + +25:30.480 --> 25:33.700 +opinion. I think, you know, I say humans + +25:33.700 --> 25:36.720 +are progressive. We are inquisitively + +25:36.720 --> 25:39.000 +curious. I think the technological + +25:39.000 --> 25:41.340 +progress that we are making is quite + +25:41.340 --> 25:44.840 +natural. And somehow we cannot prevent + +25:44.840 --> 25:48.300 +that. And that's how we as a human society + +25:48.300 --> 25:52.400 +evolved. But I'm also not here to deny the + +25:52.400 --> 25:54.480 +negative influence of technology that it + +25:54.480 --> 25:57.280 +has been. And in my own life, I can see + +25:57.280 --> 25:59.200 +that even within a family, Like, you know, + +25:59.200 --> 26:02.520 +the interactions that we have are + +26:02.520 --> 26:04.760 +tremendously influenced, you know, + +26:04.780 --> 26:07.240 +negative influence of technology. But I + +26:07.240 --> 26:09.180 +wouldn't say, you know, the solution is + +26:09.180 --> 26:12.120 +let's go back and do not use technology. + +26:12.420 --> 26:15.080 +Even the crisis that we are going through + +26:15.080 --> 26:18.220 +now because of the pandemic, we are all + +26:18.220 --> 26:23.640 +forced to be socially distant and be at + +26:23.640 --> 26:26.680 +home. and I think you know this is a time + +26:26.680 --> 26:30.880 +for us to reflect and slow down because we + +26:30.880 --> 26:32.880 +all think that you know we have to get so + +26:32.880 --> 26:35.260 +many things done but nothing would happen + +26:35.260 --> 26:39.200 +if we just slow down and relax at home one + +26:39.200 --> 26:41.160 +day and we should go in that direction + +26:41.160 --> 26:43.740 +it's not technology that is bad or good + +26:43.740 --> 26:45.960 +influence but you know it's it's we as + +26:45.960 --> 26:49.880 +humans who needs to think what is good for + +26:49.880 --> 26:52.400 +us and needs to balance them is that. Can + +26:52.400 --> 26:54.320 +you walk me through one action we can take + +26:54.320 --> 26:56.640 +to make a difference today? I think that + +26:56.640 --> 27:00.400 +pollution stems from overuse and waste. + +27:01.080 --> 27:04.620 +So, you know, like air pollution, you + +27:04.620 --> 27:07.640 +know, comes from the use of all the cars + +27:07.640 --> 27:09.580 +on the street, all these transportation, + +27:10.100 --> 27:13.860 +the factories, burning fuel, Water + +27:13.860 --> 27:17.040 +pollution comes from all the waste and + +27:17.040 --> 27:21.760 +trash and the plastics. So we can do a lot + +27:21.760 --> 27:25.500 +to decrease pollution by being more + +27:25.500 --> 27:28.820 +mindful of the waste that we generate. So + +27:28.820 --> 27:33.100 +recycling of things, not just recycling of + +27:33.100 --> 27:36.440 +water bottles and whatnot or containers, + +27:36.540 --> 27:40.000 +but really recycling of everyday products. + +27:40.000 --> 27:43.400 +Think about the iPhones that we keep + +27:43.400 --> 27:47.000 +having to update and upgrade and all the + +27:47.000 --> 27:50.580 +waste that's associated with that. Or just + +27:50.580 --> 27:53.820 +all the shoes and clothes that everyone + +27:53.820 --> 27:57.240 +needs to buy to be trendy. So I think + +27:57.240 --> 28:00.500 +that, you know, just cutting down on all + +28:00.500 --> 28:05.200 +these waste and all these basics can go a + +28:05.200 --> 28:09.860 +long way to cut down pollution. I remember + +28:09.860 --> 28:13.520 +being in Milan, Italy last year, and I saw + +28:13.520 --> 28:16.300 +that they are planting trees on the side + +28:16.300 --> 28:20.000 +of buildings and on the rooftop. So then + +28:20.000 --> 28:22.640 +even if they have to cut trees from the + +28:22.640 --> 28:25.080 +ground to build an apartment building or + +28:25.080 --> 28:29.280 +something else, then they make it up by + +28:29.280 --> 28:31.560 +planting trees on top or everywhere + +28:31.560 --> 28:36.240 +possible. And I think we can try to do + +28:36.240 --> 28:39.440 +that here. We can do more walking and + +28:39.440 --> 28:41.800 +bicycling to the grocery stores, walk to + +28:41.800 --> 28:43.480 +Safeway, things like that. We could do + +28:43.480 --> 28:45.300 +more of that instead of taking these short + +28:45.300 --> 28:47.480 +little trips because we want to make + +28:47.480 --> 28:49.940 +everything happen so quickly. And then we + +28:49.940 --> 28:51.520 +would have more time to look at the trees + +28:51.520 --> 28:52.940 +and the greenery and the cherry blossoms + +28:52.940 --> 28:55.740 +blooming. We need to change what we're + +28:55.740 --> 29:00.060 +doing now. I don't know how. That's what I + +29:00.060 --> 29:04.780 +have to have the scientists tell us. But I + +29:04.780 --> 29:06.540 +know there are things, you know, little + +29:06.540 --> 29:08.680 +things we can do. Like my daughter-in-law + +29:08.680 --> 29:11.380 +suggested that I use cloth napkins instead + +29:11.380 --> 29:15.340 +of paper. So I'm doing that to save on + +29:15.340 --> 29:17.980 +paper. And then I bought these rubber + +29:17.980 --> 29:20.060 +gizmos. I don't even know what you call + +29:20.060 --> 29:22.380 +them. They're leftovers that can be thrown + +29:22.380 --> 29:24.940 +in the dishwasher rather than using + +29:24.940 --> 29:28.360 +plastic wrap and baggies. + +29:30.340 --> 29:33.080 +and we've got to drink more water from the + +29:33.080 --> 29:35.800 +faucet. We just have to be more thoughtful + +29:35.800 --> 29:40.880 +about what we're doing and remember that + +29:40.880 --> 29:43.200 +it's not going to help the environment, so + +29:43.200 --> 29:47.000 +maybe choose something that would help the + +29:47.000 --> 29:50.980 +environment. I do think that each one of + +29:50.980 --> 29:55.080 +us carries a responsibility for what we + +29:55.080 --> 29:58.380 +can do to make a difference. so that's at + +29:58.380 --> 30:00.860 +our personal level but I think it's also + +30:00.860 --> 30:03.920 +very important for us to go up to the + +30:03.920 --> 30:06.020 +level beyond the individual and that would + +30:06.020 --> 30:08.360 +be to your city level and to work with + +30:08.360 --> 30:10.600 +your city city of Palo Alto for instance + +30:10.600 --> 30:14.020 +then beyond the the city I think it's very + +30:14.020 --> 30:15.780 +important to work at the county level the + +30:15.780 --> 30:17.580 +state level federal level and an + +30:17.580 --> 30:19.060 +international level so I think there's + +30:19.060 --> 30:21.400 +steps each place along the way and there + +30:21.400 --> 30:23.760 +has to be coordination especially at the + +30:23.760 --> 30:25.440 +international national level. Because if + +30:25.440 --> 30:29.280 +all countries are not trying to care for + +30:29.280 --> 30:32.660 +the ocean and what's happening there, then + +30:32.660 --> 30:36.680 +we're going to lose hundreds and thousands + +30:36.680 --> 30:39.560 +of species and plants and reefs and + +30:39.560 --> 30:42.640 +whatnot. Dear librarian, what role do you + +30:42.640 --> 30:45.240 +think libraries and reading can and should + +30:45.240 --> 30:47.280 +play in helping people learn about climate + +30:47.280 --> 30:49.320 +change and the environment? Oh, that's a + +30:49.320 --> 30:52.240 +good question. Yes, Yes, libraries really + +30:52.240 --> 30:55.500 +can do a lot for that because that's where + +30:55.500 --> 30:58.300 +you get information. You get help finding + +30:58.300 --> 31:00.940 +information about it. You have things that + +31:00.940 --> 31:03.300 +are presented to you in such a way that it + +31:03.300 --> 31:07.100 +encourages you to read more and do + +31:07.100 --> 31:08.960 +projects that are related to the + +31:08.960 --> 31:11.640 +environment. And all of that is something + +31:11.640 --> 31:13.900 +that librarians really promote. Not + +31:13.900 --> 31:16.180 +everything is available just on the + +31:16.180 --> 31:20.600 +internet without being taught how to + +31:20.600 --> 31:23.440 +decide whether something is factual or + +31:23.440 --> 31:27.220 +not. Librarians work very hard in trying + +31:27.220 --> 31:30.700 +to teach students how to be good consumers + +31:30.700 --> 31:32.920 +of information and how to decide what's + +31:32.920 --> 31:36.300 +fact and what is fiction. Is there + +31:36.300 --> 31:38.200 +anything important that you think kids my + +31:38.200 --> 31:40.080 +age need to know or do to make sure the + +31:40.080 --> 31:42.020 +environment keeps getting better? What + +31:42.020 --> 31:44.060 +advice would you have for me? You should + +31:44.060 --> 31:46.740 +probably look for information, and your + +31:46.740 --> 31:48.940 +librarians might be able to recommend + +31:48.940 --> 31:51.580 +things to you that would have to do with + +31:51.580 --> 31:54.920 +the environment. Reading books that are + +31:54.920 --> 31:58.820 +even fiction that take place in different + +31:58.820 --> 32:00.680 +environmental settings that you become + +32:00.680 --> 32:03.900 +more aware of it. But I think that doing + +32:03.900 --> 32:07.680 +projects where you have to research all + +32:07.680 --> 32:10.040 +different angles of an environmental + +32:10.040 --> 32:12.460 +problem are one of the most valuable you + +32:12.460 --> 32:14.660 +could do. I think everyone needs to be + +32:14.660 --> 32:17.100 +more mindful every day with everything + +32:17.100 --> 32:21.080 +that they do, whether or not the + +32:21.080 --> 32:23.980 +environment can be impacted by their + +32:23.980 --> 32:29.080 +actions and to be educated about what they + +32:29.080 --> 32:35.240 +can do and to constantly get information + +32:35.240 --> 32:37.520 +about what they can do to help the + +32:37.520 --> 32:40.340 +environment. And most important of all, + +32:40.460 --> 32:44.240 +not to be wasteful. I remember when I was + +32:44.240 --> 32:47.140 +a fourth grade teacher, we were, I had a + +32:47.140 --> 32:50.360 +unit on trash and we were weighing our + +32:50.360 --> 32:53.040 +trash. We were competing against another + +32:53.040 --> 32:54.900 +classroom to see who could have the least + +32:54.900 --> 32:56.500 +amount of trash. We had a trash free + +32:56.500 --> 32:58.740 +lunch. These are all things I think we + +32:58.740 --> 33:00.680 +definitely could implement at our school. + +33:00.860 --> 33:05.340 +And I know that when kids are educated, + +33:05.620 --> 33:09.440 +they educate their parents. So I remember, + +33:09.500 --> 33:11.740 +you know, the difference. My own kids + +33:11.740 --> 33:13.000 +would come home after learning something + +33:13.000 --> 33:15.420 +at school. Hey, we learned this in school. + +33:15.480 --> 33:17.440 +Like, oh my gosh, that's, thank you. + +33:17.560 --> 33:20.520 +That's, I think that's a great idea. So I + +33:20.520 --> 33:22.860 +really think that we can impact the change + +33:22.860 --> 33:25.360 +of the adults by starting with our own + +33:25.360 --> 33:27.640 +kids at our school. I would tell them to + +33:27.640 --> 33:30.920 +be thankful. Thankful for the planet we + +33:30.920 --> 33:34.420 +have, which is wonderful. And we cannot + +33:34.420 --> 33:38.100 +waste it anymore. And we are doing a very + +33:38.100 --> 33:42.000 +good job cutting trees, polluting beaches. + +33:42.600 --> 33:45.620 +You cannot change the world by yourself, + +33:45.840 --> 33:47.680 +but you can change, as I told you, your + +33:47.680 --> 33:51.400 +life. If everyone introduced in their + +33:51.400 --> 33:54.720 +lives environmental policies, things would + +33:54.720 --> 33:57.340 +get better. And we are seeing it today. + +33:57.600 --> 34:00.040 +Things have changed in two weeks of + +34:00.040 --> 34:03.420 +seclusion. What I would tell them is to + +34:03.420 --> 34:05.640 +take care of themselves, to take care of + +34:05.640 --> 34:08.300 +their families, to take care of the + +34:08.300 --> 34:11.660 +children, of the old people, being more + +34:11.660 --> 34:15.200 +aware of one another. If we do that, of + +34:15.200 --> 34:18.480 +course, we will also lead a responsible + +34:18.480 --> 34:21.920 +life regarding weather, pollution and + +34:21.920 --> 34:24.400 +everything you tell me. What we really + +34:24.400 --> 34:27.320 +need and desperately are values, values, + +34:27.500 --> 34:30.900 +values, values. I am very sure because I'm + +34:30.900 --> 34:33.540 +very optimistic that this situation that + +34:33.540 --> 34:36.260 +we are going through right now is going to + +34:36.260 --> 34:39.260 +change the way we lead our lives. Well, + +34:39.380 --> 34:41.360 +now I'm going to say something very + +34:41.360 --> 34:45.340 +philosophical. It's up to you guys of your + +34:45.340 --> 34:49.000 +generation. so i think the more people + +34:49.000 --> 34:52.420 +like you of your age get interested and + +34:52.420 --> 34:56.740 +really concerned with how to fix some of + +34:56.740 --> 34:59.200 +the problems the better the planet the + +34:59.200 --> 35:02.040 +better off planet will be and all of us + +35:02.040 --> 35:07.220 +living on it so i think that uh they are + +35:07.220 --> 35:09.900 +enough activists of my generation + +35:09.900 --> 35:13.260 +generation and enough activists of our + +35:13.260 --> 35:17.140 +host generation to work it all together. + +35:17.420 --> 35:19.820 +And yes, I think there is a huge, strong + +35:19.820 --> 35:24.280 +chance, especially after this pandemic + +35:24.280 --> 35:26.820 +that we're living in right now. I'm hoping + +35:26.820 --> 35:30.080 +that it will serve as an amazing lesson to + +35:30.080 --> 35:32.620 +how quickly we can actually stop doing + +35:32.620 --> 35:35.460 +wrong things and bad things, shut down all + +35:35.460 --> 35:38.200 +the factories that are emitting all the + +35:38.200 --> 35:40.960 +terrible gases and the air is cleaning + +35:40.960 --> 35:43.800 +within three weeks the waters are cleaning + +35:43.800 --> 35:46.520 +within two weeks in the rivers if people + +35:46.520 --> 35:50.240 +stop adding pollutants into it so I think + +35:50.240 --> 35:52.580 +the planet is ready to cooperate with us + +35:52.580 --> 35:56.240 +and I think if countries governments + +35:56.240 --> 35:59.160 +people like you like me and like people + +35:59.160 --> 36:02.560 +who are doing this radio program today if + +36:02.560 --> 36:04.620 +we're all get our minds together I think + +36:04.620 --> 36:06.100 +in 50 years we can have have a clean + +36:06.100 --> 36:06.520 +environment. + +36:12.820 --> 36:15.500 +Can I just say, I am so impressed with our + +36:15.500 --> 36:17.460 +student interviewers and the questions + +36:17.460 --> 36:19.920 +that they've come up with. I'm just really + +36:19.920 --> 36:21.960 +glad they're asking about lessons learned + +36:21.960 --> 36:25.300 +and for messages that these adults want to + +36:25.300 --> 36:27.600 +share with their generation. I completely + +36:27.600 --> 36:29.700 +agree. I think talking about these + +36:29.700 --> 36:31.000 +environmental issues can be really + +36:31.000 --> 36:33.140 +disheartening sometimes, times, so I'm so + +36:33.140 --> 36:34.880 +glad to see how forward-thinking both our + +36:34.880 --> 36:37.720 +students and our adults are. I'm also + +36:37.720 --> 36:39.560 +really excited to see them thinking of + +36:39.560 --> 36:41.260 +climate change as an intergenerational + +36:41.260 --> 36:43.380 +issue and finding ways to share knowledge + +36:43.380 --> 36:45.900 +with each other. So I think this is a + +36:45.900 --> 36:48.100 +great point to transition over to hearing + +36:48.100 --> 36:49.920 +from the kids and their perspectives on + +36:49.920 --> 36:52.420 +the environment. But first, I'd like to + +36:52.420 --> 36:53.740 +take a quick moment to share another + +36:53.740 --> 36:57.300 +announcement about the coronavirus. Second + +36:57.300 --> 36:59.420 +Harvest of Silicon has always been + +36:59.420 --> 37:01.200 +committed to the most vulnerable in our + +37:01.200 --> 37:04.220 +community. During the COVID-19 outbreak, + +37:04.420 --> 37:06.960 +with its related economic impacts, your + +37:06.960 --> 37:08.740 +neighbors need your help now more than + +37:08.740 --> 37:11.220 +ever. You can donate food or provide + +37:11.220 --> 37:14.220 +monetary assistance. And if you're in good + +37:14.220 --> 37:16.320 +health and not in a high-risk category, + +37:16.680 --> 37:19.120 +you can also volunteer to pre-box or + +37:19.120 --> 37:22.020 +distribute food to those in need. For more + +37:22.020 --> 37:25.680 +information on how to help, visit shfb + +37:25.680 --> 37:31.960 +.org. That's shfb.org or call 866-234 + +37:31.960 --> 37:33.700 +-3663. + +37:35.480 --> 37:38.080 +Yeah, thanks Lexi. So to start off, we + +37:38.080 --> 37:39.840 +asked the students what they want to be + +37:39.840 --> 37:42.060 +when they're older to get a sense of what + +37:42.060 --> 37:43.960 +they're interested in and what they care + +37:43.960 --> 37:47.200 +about. So now let's meet all the students + +37:47.200 --> 37:53.740 +we'll be talking to today. today um + +37:53.740 --> 37:57.080 +my dream or my the job that i want to be + +37:57.080 --> 38:00.060 +like when i get older is a doctor so i can + +38:00.060 --> 38:03.620 +help people like that is like struggling + +38:03.620 --> 38:06.860 +with whatever stuff so like to save + +38:06.860 --> 38:10.460 +people's life like more than even one + +38:10.460 --> 38:13.280 +because every person is like can do every + +38:13.280 --> 38:15.280 +something that is affected to everything + +38:15.280 --> 38:17.800 +things when I'm older I really want to be + +38:17.800 --> 38:21.620 +a psychologist because I find just the + +38:21.620 --> 38:24.700 +brains of people to be very interesting + +38:24.700 --> 38:28.040 +and it's just so crazy to think that there + +38:28.040 --> 38:30.860 +are scientific things going on in people's + +38:30.860 --> 38:32.940 +heads when they do things and say things + +38:32.940 --> 38:36.120 +and I want to help others without having + +38:36.120 --> 38:37.760 +to look at blood because I can't be a + +38:37.760 --> 38:41.180 +doctor architecture because I really like + +38:41.180 --> 38:45.040 +um the The way how all of that process + +38:45.040 --> 38:48.200 +involved in making these amazing buildings + +38:49.300 --> 38:52.820 +or these amazing houses or bridges. I + +38:52.820 --> 38:55.560 +think the process is really cool. I want + +38:55.560 --> 38:59.320 +to be a lawyer. This is funny, but arguing + +38:59.320 --> 39:01.220 +has always been one of my specialties. + +39:02.160 --> 39:05.260 +Actually, a lot of people say that. And I + +39:05.260 --> 39:08.600 +always found law very interesting. Either + +39:08.600 --> 39:11.940 +a doctor to help save lives. And + +39:11.940 --> 39:14.060 +especially the doctors now who are helping + +39:14.060 --> 39:16.120 +with the coronavirus. Those people really + +39:16.120 --> 39:18.740 +inspire me. But I would also want to be a + +39:18.740 --> 39:22.480 +computer engineer. Like most people, I'm + +39:22.480 --> 39:24.880 +not sure yet. But I know that I definitely + +39:24.880 --> 39:26.820 +want to keep dance in my life because + +39:26.820 --> 39:28.820 +that's a big part of my life. And I also + +39:28.820 --> 39:30.740 +want to do something either like related + +39:30.740 --> 39:32.840 +to the environment or like helping people. + +39:33.000 --> 39:35.580 +So I might become an environmentalist or + +39:35.580 --> 39:38.020 +like a scientist or something. And I also + +39:38.020 --> 39:40.740 +really enjoy math. so there's a lot of + +39:40.740 --> 39:41.900 +options but I definitely want to do + +39:41.900 --> 39:44.100 +something that helps people and our + +39:44.100 --> 39:47.160 +environment I honestly want in the + +39:47.160 --> 39:49.260 +beginning I always wanted to be a movie + +39:49.260 --> 39:51.780 +director but these days I actually want to + +39:51.780 --> 39:54.540 +be either a um someone working in the + +39:54.540 --> 39:56.740 +broadcast team because I actually feel + +39:56.740 --> 39:58.180 +like I'm really good at recording things + +39:58.180 --> 40:00.920 +or I want to be game designer because + +40:00.920 --> 40:04.620 +usually I have um some interesting ideas I + +40:04.620 --> 40:06.700 +don't know kind of an undecided but I + +40:06.700 --> 40:07.920 +would like to do something creative + +40:07.920 --> 40:10.380 +because like I really like to like sing + +40:10.380 --> 40:13.180 +and draw that kind of stuff even though + +40:13.180 --> 40:16.940 +it's kind of risky but I don't know. I + +40:16.940 --> 40:19.740 +want to be an architect because I want to + +40:19.740 --> 40:22.420 +I know that a lot of people need homes and + +40:22.420 --> 40:24.780 +I want to make sure everyone can find + +40:24.780 --> 40:27.680 +affordable affordable housing. I really + +40:27.680 --> 40:30.940 +enjoy working with animals so like I go + +40:30.940 --> 40:33.660 +out on the farm and all that like with + +40:33.660 --> 40:36.760 +horses especially and maybe like designer + +40:36.760 --> 40:40.700 +for animals like like not like clothes but + +40:40.700 --> 40:43.340 +like for horses for example like saddles + +40:43.340 --> 40:46.760 +and stuff like that I kind of like coding + +40:46.760 --> 40:49.880 +so potentially something related to coding + +40:49.880 --> 40:52.740 +or software development the way you can + +40:52.740 --> 40:55.080 +express what you want to do and make + +40:55.080 --> 40:59.660 +something that is your own? A job where I + +40:59.660 --> 41:02.980 +have power to make like decisions and + +41:02.980 --> 41:07.800 +impact because well I've grown up like in + +41:07.800 --> 41:10.100 +a place where like my parents were making + +41:10.100 --> 41:12.920 +decisions that impacted people and I think + +41:12.920 --> 41:14.760 +that I could really use that for the good. + +41:15.020 --> 41:17.160 +I definitely want to be something that + +41:17.160 --> 41:20.220 +like positively impacts people in the + +41:20.220 --> 41:23.740 +environment such as like a doctor or like + +41:23.740 --> 41:25.580 +a a scientist that studies the + +41:25.580 --> 41:26.060 +environment. + +41:31.740 --> 41:34.040 +These are some really cool kids who + +41:34.040 --> 41:35.860 +certainly aspire to make the world a + +41:35.860 --> 41:37.560 +better place in any way that they can. + +41:37.860 --> 41:39.580 +Yeah, they're such an awesome mix of + +41:39.580 --> 41:41.900 +interests, and they're all clearly very + +41:41.900 --> 41:44.640 +thoughtful and compassionate. I also think + +41:44.640 --> 41:46.760 +it's important for our listeners to know + +41:46.760 --> 41:49.400 +that these kids were not selected because + +41:49.400 --> 41:51.240 +they had extensive backgrounds in + +41:51.240 --> 41:53.660 +environmental science, but because they + +41:53.660 --> 41:55.640 +have a wide variety of interests ranging + +41:55.640 --> 41:58.900 +from sustainability to public speaking to + +41:58.900 --> 42:02.200 +audio production and journalism. That's + +42:02.200 --> 42:04.200 +right. Although we do have students who + +42:04.200 --> 42:05.360 +are involved in their school's + +42:05.360 --> 42:08.100 +environmentally focused club, we also have + +42:08.100 --> 42:09.640 +students from their broadcasting program + +42:09.640 --> 42:12.400 +and student leadership as well. They'll + +42:12.400 --> 42:13.620 +definitely bring some really cool + +42:13.620 --> 42:15.820 +perspectives to this conversation. So + +42:15.820 --> 42:17.060 +let's go ahead and dive into these + +42:17.060 --> 42:18.560 +interviews and hear what they have to say. + +42:23.900 --> 42:26.060 +Thank you all so much for agreeing to + +42:26.060 --> 42:27.800 +speak with us. And we're so excited to + +42:27.800 --> 42:29.480 +hear what you have to say about today's + +42:29.480 --> 42:31.540 +environmental issues and your visions for + +42:31.540 --> 42:34.000 +the future. But to start off, just so + +42:34.000 --> 42:36.180 +we're all on the same page, how would you + +42:36.180 --> 42:38.480 +define the environment? In other words, + +42:38.480 --> 42:40.460 +what does the environment mean to you? + +42:41.360 --> 42:43.940 +When I think about environment, I see like + +42:43.940 --> 42:48.160 +green and I see like trees and bushes and + +42:48.160 --> 42:51.400 +flowers. flowers, and I see it as like a + +42:51.400 --> 42:55.000 +pretty thing, I guess. I just think about + +42:55.000 --> 42:56.360 +like the earth when I think about + +42:56.360 --> 42:59.180 +environment and like saving it and helping + +42:59.180 --> 43:01.720 +it grow so the next generations can + +43:01.720 --> 43:05.460 +experience the earth we see. When I hear + +43:05.460 --> 43:07.840 +environment, I think a lot about nature. + +43:07.920 --> 43:10.840 +So I think about like trees and grass and + +43:10.840 --> 43:13.340 +so in the environment, some words that + +43:13.340 --> 43:16.620 +come to mind are rain, sun, but also Also + +43:16.620 --> 43:19.340 +things like climate change and drought. + +43:19.820 --> 43:22.580 +And so when I think of the environment, I + +43:22.580 --> 43:24.000 +just think of a lot of people trying to + +43:24.000 --> 43:27.060 +get together to improve something. And I + +43:27.060 --> 43:28.360 +know that there's a lot of ways to help + +43:28.360 --> 43:30.600 +the environment. And there's a lot of + +43:30.600 --> 43:31.920 +things that we're doing that have also + +43:31.920 --> 43:34.000 +impacted the environment negatively. It's + +43:34.000 --> 43:35.780 +something that we're all trying to make a + +43:35.780 --> 43:38.080 +better place. And I hope that we can do + +43:38.080 --> 43:42.140 +that. A huge place that people need to + +43:42.140 --> 43:45.200 +stay. Maybe it's kind of weird, But like + +43:45.200 --> 43:48.120 +we need the environment to like stay alive + +43:48.120 --> 43:50.420 +or like stay healthy. And like if we kind + +43:50.420 --> 43:52.520 +of destroy this, it just like make + +43:52.520 --> 43:55.020 +everything like crash into like multiple + +43:55.020 --> 43:58.080 +pieces and like make everything bad. So + +43:58.080 --> 44:02.980 +it's my home. It's where I live. So to see + +44:02.980 --> 44:04.980 +it kind of like crumble with all this + +44:04.980 --> 44:07.380 +pollution and all this plastic being + +44:07.380 --> 44:12.100 +littered, it really is sad. And what do + +44:12.100 --> 44:13.900 +you think of when you hear the term + +44:13.900 --> 44:17.340 +climate change? Climate change is like + +44:17.340 --> 44:20.140 +mainly human impact and what humans are + +44:20.140 --> 44:23.440 +doing to the environment, such as like + +44:23.440 --> 44:26.360 +burning fossil fuels. I mean, when I'm + +44:26.360 --> 44:29.080 +hearing climate change, I'm literally + +44:29.080 --> 44:31.240 +imagining a sun with like little + +44:31.240 --> 44:33.420 +sunglasses looking at the earth and + +44:33.420 --> 44:34.760 +getting closer and closer together. + +44:34.760 --> 44:37.240 +together then I think about icebergs and + +44:37.240 --> 44:38.960 +how they're melting and then the polar + +44:38.960 --> 44:41.160 +bears who are in those barren lands that + +44:41.160 --> 44:42.760 +don't have a lot of ice because all the + +44:42.760 --> 44:45.260 +icebergs are melting and then I start + +44:45.260 --> 44:47.420 +thinking of like greenhouses because of + +44:47.420 --> 44:50.100 +greenhouse gases and then I start thinking + +44:50.100 --> 44:51.880 +of cows because they produce the most + +44:51.880 --> 44:54.460 +greenhouse gases because methane and then + +44:54.460 --> 44:57.060 +I think of cars because pollution and + +44:57.060 --> 44:59.200 +there's all these things I start thinking + +44:59.200 --> 45:02.480 +of and then it just leads down to nothing. + +45:03.600 --> 45:08.040 +That's dark, but that's reality. It kind + +45:08.040 --> 45:10.440 +of makes me scared because like, if this + +45:10.440 --> 45:13.580 +problem just like, goes like further and + +45:13.580 --> 45:16.720 +further, I feel like I can't live in this + +45:16.720 --> 45:18.460 +environment right now. So I'm kind of + +45:18.460 --> 45:21.360 +scared right now. So and everyone's like + +45:21.360 --> 45:23.340 +talking, I'm going to unworry about it. So + +45:23.340 --> 45:25.920 +I'm like, kind of worried and scared every + +45:25.920 --> 45:28.640 +time I heard that word. Can you think of + +45:28.640 --> 45:30.800 +and describe to me a specific time when + +45:30.800 --> 45:32.500 +something that seemed related to climate + +45:32.500 --> 45:35.280 +change impacted your life? So in + +45:35.280 --> 45:40.640 +California recently, there have been some + +45:40.640 --> 45:43.680 +fires and pretty big ones, like really big + +45:43.680 --> 45:47.760 +wildfires. And that's due to how the + +45:47.760 --> 45:52.840 +increase of heat in our atmosphere. And it + +45:52.840 --> 45:55.120 +makes, if you have like dried out grass, + +45:55.340 --> 45:57.100 +it can maybe like start fires and it can + +45:57.100 --> 46:00.060 +destroy so much and contaminate people's + +46:00.060 --> 46:03.320 +homes. and it's really sad because it's + +46:03.320 --> 46:07.880 +really destructive. That was a really big + +46:07.880 --> 46:10.120 +moment to a lot of people. Something that + +46:10.120 --> 46:12.580 +really impacted me, one where there were + +46:12.580 --> 46:15.240 +the fires in North California because I + +46:15.240 --> 46:18.100 +remember at school, we would always smell + +46:18.100 --> 46:21.680 +smoke everywhere and then we had to have + +46:21.680 --> 46:25.320 +the power shut off and also something that + +46:25.320 --> 46:28.840 +didn't necessarily impact me, but I've + +46:28.840 --> 46:31.880 +heard a lot about the fires in Australia. + +46:32.680 --> 46:35.620 +And then so like, I really feel for like + +46:35.620 --> 46:38.360 +the people and the animals that had to go + +46:38.360 --> 46:40.840 +through that. Only when I got to Korea + +46:40.840 --> 46:43.020 +that far I feel like it affects me. Like I + +46:43.020 --> 46:44.940 +said, there's so much yellow dust going + +46:44.940 --> 46:48.540 +around. This is something about factories + +46:48.540 --> 46:52.280 +producing too much smoke and dust are + +46:52.280 --> 46:55.520 +blowing into Korea. Yeah, so we have to + +46:55.520 --> 46:58.280 +suffer because some factories are putting + +46:58.280 --> 47:03.000 +their smoke into our country. I think I + +47:03.000 --> 47:06.240 +hear a lot about what's kind of going on + +47:06.240 --> 47:08.720 +in the environmental field and + +47:08.720 --> 47:11.320 +specifically in the realm of climate + +47:11.320 --> 47:14.920 +change. And I've heard people become less + +47:14.920 --> 47:20.480 +and less optimistic over time. Just in + +47:20.480 --> 47:21.240 +general, yeah. + +47:27.420 --> 47:29.720 +For those of you that are just joining us, + +47:29.840 --> 47:32.140 +you are listening to the Happy Birthday + +47:32.140 --> 47:35.680 +Earth Day 50th Anniversary Special on KCSU + +47:35.680 --> 47:40.960 +Stanford 90.1. We just heard from 13 + +47:40.960 --> 47:42.780 +middle school students about the ways in + +47:42.780 --> 47:44.520 +which climate change has influenced their + +47:44.520 --> 47:46.460 +lives. But what I found particularly + +47:46.460 --> 47:48.640 +striking about this conversation was how + +47:48.640 --> 47:50.540 +much the students were aware of not only + +47:50.540 --> 47:52.900 +climate change's impact on themselves, but + +47:52.900 --> 47:55.820 +also on their community at large. Yeah, I + +47:55.820 --> 47:58.020 +agree. They're picking up on so many + +47:58.020 --> 48:00.880 +nuanced and complex issues. It feels like + +48:00.880 --> 48:03.000 +adults sometimes underestimate young + +48:03.000 --> 48:05.240 +people and their ability to see the bigger + +48:05.240 --> 48:08.320 +picture. But hearing about how they see + +48:08.320 --> 48:10.620 +climate change has really shown me how + +48:10.620 --> 48:13.400 +incredibly perceptive and capable they + +48:13.400 --> 48:17.960 +really are. That's right, and I think it's + +48:17.960 --> 48:20.100 +super important to recognize because they + +48:20.100 --> 48:21.760 +will be shaping the future of our planet. + +48:22.220 --> 48:23.680 +Let's hear a little more from them about + +48:23.680 --> 48:25.160 +what they expect the world will look like + +48:25.160 --> 48:27.060 +at the 100th anniversary of Earth Day. + +48:32.700 --> 48:35.280 +As you know, this year is the 50th + +48:35.280 --> 48:37.200 +anniversary of Earth Day, and the + +48:37.200 --> 48:39.200 +environment has changed in a number of + +48:39.200 --> 48:42.320 +ways since that very first one. So let's + +48:42.320 --> 48:45.300 +imagine 50 years from now. Really take a + +48:45.300 --> 48:47.660 +minute to imagine that. You'll be just + +48:47.660 --> 48:50.520 +over 60 years old. You may have a partner, + +48:50.700 --> 48:53.900 +children of your own. You might be doctors + +48:53.900 --> 48:57.520 +and architects, environmentalists. Think + +48:57.520 --> 48:59.320 +about what the world might look like then. + +48:59.960 --> 49:02.180 +What can you imagine the environment will + +49:02.180 --> 49:04.080 +be like? What do you think will have + +49:04.080 --> 49:06.300 +changed and what will have stayed the + +49:06.300 --> 49:10.780 +same? our impact on the earth could go two + +49:10.780 --> 49:14.320 +ways one is that like if we continue this + +49:14.320 --> 49:16.900 +path that we're going in the earth will + +49:16.900 --> 49:21.700 +definitely like not thrive but however um + +49:21.700 --> 49:24.720 +if we make a bunch of little changes and + +49:24.720 --> 49:27.700 +we like change our lifestyle and how we + +49:27.700 --> 49:32.900 +live then the earth will definitely like + +49:32.900 --> 49:36.520 +like stay the same or even like go back to + +49:36.520 --> 49:40.100 +how like it was like years prior but like + +49:40.100 --> 49:43.260 +as I said before if like we continue this + +49:43.260 --> 49:45.980 +path that we're going through now like + +49:45.980 --> 49:48.460 +we're like burning so many fossil fuels + +49:48.460 --> 49:51.720 +and like driving everywhere and like um + +49:51.720 --> 49:55.860 +and like wasting so much food and and + +49:55.860 --> 49:58.540 +things and that will definitely drive the + +49:58.540 --> 50:03.060 +earth to like not um be how it is now and + +50:03.060 --> 50:06.420 +how it was before although i would like + +50:06.420 --> 50:09.420 +everyone to like make a change it doesn't + +50:09.420 --> 50:12.340 +seem like it's happening right now the + +50:12.340 --> 50:14.240 +thing that most looks most likely + +50:14.240 --> 50:17.660 +currently is that um it will continue + +50:17.660 --> 50:21.580 +moving in this path and the earth won't + +50:21.580 --> 50:21.980 +survive + +50:24.980 --> 50:29.460 +I feel like the grass isn't going to be as + +50:29.460 --> 50:32.660 +green technology is going to like take + +50:32.660 --> 50:36.140 +over I feel like now people are starting + +50:36.140 --> 50:38.060 +to figure out like more about the + +50:38.060 --> 50:39.480 +environment they're trying to help it more + +50:39.480 --> 50:42.860 +so I think that with more buildings and + +50:42.860 --> 50:45.220 +everything happening I think that people + +50:45.220 --> 50:47.700 +more people will start to like help out so + +50:47.700 --> 50:50.700 +we can have a good balance of both things + +50:50.700 --> 50:53.640 +and I think that if more and more people + +50:53.640 --> 50:55.480 +come together and try to help the + +50:55.480 --> 50:57.480 +environment we can make a big difference + +50:57.480 --> 50:59.880 +and in 50 years we can have helped the + +50:59.880 --> 51:02.400 +environment while still developing our + +51:02.400 --> 51:06.020 +economy but not like ruining the + +51:06.020 --> 51:07.680 +environment in a way. It would probably + +51:07.680 --> 51:10.140 +get worse before it gets better so + +51:10.140 --> 51:12.040 +probably there There would be higher sea + +51:12.040 --> 51:14.160 +levels. There would have been more fires, + +51:14.160 --> 51:16.160 +more deforestation, but then it will have + +51:16.160 --> 51:18.640 +started. Hopefully it will be better by + +51:18.640 --> 51:21.420 +then. There will be less plastic in the + +51:21.420 --> 51:24.060 +ocean. The temperatures will start going + +51:24.060 --> 51:26.860 +down. We'll stop burning so much fossil + +51:26.860 --> 51:31.500 +fuels. Probably once it starts actually + +51:31.500 --> 51:34.460 +affecting the people who have power to + +51:34.460 --> 51:38.120 +make the changes that will stop it getting + +51:38.120 --> 51:39.960 +worse, Once it actually starts affecting + +51:39.960 --> 51:43.820 +those people, then it will likely start + +51:43.820 --> 51:45.640 +getting better. Once it starts affecting + +51:45.640 --> 51:47.100 +the people who have power. + +51:53.780 --> 51:55.900 +It sounds to me like they are really aware + +51:55.900 --> 51:57.880 +of how decisions made right now will + +51:57.880 --> 51:59.300 +dramatically influence what the world + +51:59.300 --> 52:01.600 +looks like in the future. That we are at a + +52:01.600 --> 52:03.320 +turning point and that we need to have a + +52:03.320 --> 52:06.480 +plan of action. Definitely. So let's hear + +52:06.480 --> 52:08.320 +more about what they see as the biggest + +52:08.320 --> 52:11.640 +environmental threats and about how we can + +52:11.640 --> 52:12.320 +overcome them. + +52:17.700 --> 52:19.700 +Can you describe what you think is the + +52:19.700 --> 52:21.560 +most important environmental issue facing + +52:21.560 --> 52:23.820 +our society today, in your opinion, and + +52:23.820 --> 52:27.400 +why it's important? I find that global + +52:27.400 --> 52:30.360 +warming is a main problem, problem mainly + +52:30.360 --> 52:33.300 +because um the glaciers are melting um + +52:33.300 --> 52:36.300 +well if the glaciers melt um we'll + +52:36.300 --> 52:38.860 +probably all flooded like i said anything + +52:38.860 --> 52:41.860 +that um any diseases or anything really + +52:41.860 --> 52:44.680 +terrifying um is in the glacier might come + +52:44.680 --> 52:46.820 +out who knows what's in those glaciers we + +52:46.820 --> 52:49.100 +haven't explored them yet so if they do + +52:49.100 --> 52:51.980 +melt then um you'll make your jobs of + +52:51.980 --> 52:54.300 +finding what's in there easier in a bad + +52:54.300 --> 52:59.940 +way um i think that it's uh air pollution + +52:59.940 --> 53:04.060 +because like it's something that impacts + +53:04.060 --> 53:06.060 +every single one of us that are on this + +53:06.060 --> 53:08.940 +earth right now and it's been impacting us + +53:08.940 --> 53:11.300 +but i think it would grow and it wouldn't + +53:11.300 --> 53:13.500 +just impact some people it'd impact the + +53:13.500 --> 53:18.100 +world as a whole um i think like plastic + +53:18.100 --> 53:20.140 +and trash issues that are like one of the + +53:20.140 --> 53:23.220 +most hardest problems to fix or like + +53:23.220 --> 53:24.780 +problems that we're facing that is + +53:24.780 --> 53:29.220 +difficult because like recycling and like + +53:29.220 --> 53:30.840 +plastic and other stuff we can do + +53:30.840 --> 53:32.820 +something with it but people are not like + +53:32.820 --> 53:35.540 +maybe they're like trying but we're not + +53:35.540 --> 53:38.540 +we're not doing that well like a good job + +53:38.540 --> 53:41.060 +right now so I read an article about trash + +53:41.060 --> 53:43.720 +and there's like huge like mountains of + +53:43.720 --> 53:46.640 +trash and like near the ocean or the bay + +53:46.640 --> 53:49.020 +or something and like that's affecting our + +53:49.020 --> 53:51.560 +environment a lot and I got like really + +53:51.560 --> 53:53.520 +scared because like I didn't know about + +53:53.520 --> 53:56.120 +trash because I'm throwing in the trash + +53:56.120 --> 53:59.440 +and like if I see other people are doing + +53:59.440 --> 54:02.880 +like this I feel like oh maybe I need to + +54:02.880 --> 54:05.940 +do a better job or do something for to + +54:05.940 --> 54:09.600 +make them rethink about what how the trash + +54:09.600 --> 54:11.820 +and plastics are destroying the + +54:11.820 --> 54:16.000 +environment the amount of plastic that are + +54:16.000 --> 54:18.900 +is like in the world right now because + +54:18.900 --> 54:24.120 +plastic just well in order to make plastic + +54:24.120 --> 54:27.000 +you also like have to reduce a lot of + +54:27.000 --> 54:29.720 +chemicals into the atmosphere which + +54:29.720 --> 54:32.060 +worsens it and plastic can't be like + +54:32.060 --> 54:35.800 +broken down for a very long time and like + +54:35.800 --> 54:38.500 +it's going to take a lot of years so it + +54:38.500 --> 54:40.700 +just lays there in the ocean and + +54:40.700 --> 54:46.300 +eventually the ocean will just like be + +54:46.300 --> 54:48.320 +filled with a lot of plastic. It already + +54:48.320 --> 54:51.880 +is, but if it continues to be like this, + +54:51.940 --> 54:54.400 +it's going to like be made of plastic + +54:54.400 --> 54:57.940 +almost-ish. So really plastic is the main + +54:57.940 --> 55:01.260 +thing I'm focusing on because it comes in + +55:01.260 --> 55:04.340 +a lot of packages and so many people don't + +55:04.340 --> 55:06.680 +just like throw it on the floor, throw it + +55:06.680 --> 55:09.160 +at the beach. A lot of beaches you just + +55:09.160 --> 55:10.980 +see a little plastic, but at this beach I + +55:10.980 --> 55:13.520 +went to, it was just so much plastic. + +55:14.000 --> 55:16.960 +Actually walking on plastic, like that was + +55:16.960 --> 55:21.880 +a whole different story. Trash. Filling up + +55:21.880 --> 55:24.580 +our earth with landfills when, you know, + +55:24.640 --> 55:27.440 +space is finite. We're eventually going to + +55:27.440 --> 55:30.580 +run out. So I always just wonder what I'm + +55:30.580 --> 55:33.680 +going to do then, you know. Live on the + +55:33.680 --> 55:37.660 +same planet, right? We're killing it. You + +55:37.660 --> 55:39.900 +know, again, trash is bad for the + +55:39.900 --> 55:42.780 +environment. We have to destroy forests to + +55:42.780 --> 55:45.380 +make way for landfills. And obviously, + +55:45.520 --> 55:47.120 +another problem is with the more forests + +55:47.120 --> 55:48.480 +you destroy, the less oxygen we're + +55:48.480 --> 55:50.280 +getting. Because, you know, plants and + +55:50.280 --> 55:53.580 +trees transfer CO2 to oxygen. And, you + +55:53.580 --> 55:57.460 +know, we breathe oxygen. Now, walk me + +55:57.460 --> 55:59.840 +through an action that we can take to + +55:59.840 --> 56:02.740 +address some of those issues. choose um + +56:02.740 --> 56:05.380 +this may be like really simple and like + +56:05.380 --> 56:08.220 +people are taught to but like just like + +56:08.220 --> 56:12.960 +split or try not to use trash because if + +56:12.960 --> 56:15.220 +we use like recyclable water bottle or + +56:15.220 --> 56:17.920 +like container or stuff that like amount + +56:17.920 --> 56:20.620 +of plastic can be reduced like a lot well + +56:20.620 --> 56:24.760 +you can for sure reuse stuff that are + +56:24.760 --> 56:28.340 +plastic or even not. I've always, I like + +56:28.340 --> 56:30.900 +use public transportation a lot. And I + +56:30.900 --> 56:33.980 +think that like, like that's just a really + +56:33.980 --> 56:36.860 +easy way that we can help out use public + +56:36.860 --> 56:39.080 +transportation because not only is it + +56:39.080 --> 56:40.380 +going to help the environment, but like + +56:40.380 --> 56:42.560 +we've become so disconnected in this + +56:42.560 --> 56:43.920 +world. I feel like it could bring us + +56:43.920 --> 56:46.300 +together more. And also like the + +56:46.300 --> 56:48.860 +experiences that happen when you're with + +56:48.860 --> 56:51.780 +other people really shapes who you are. I + +56:51.780 --> 56:54.980 +feel like if we all planted more trees in + +56:54.980 --> 56:57.120 +our neighborhoods or in local parks, that + +56:57.120 --> 57:00.440 +would be really helpful. And if there's + +57:00.440 --> 57:02.940 +like any bills that could be passed, I'm + +57:02.940 --> 57:04.500 +sure there are a lot of proposed bills. + +57:04.500 --> 57:07.980 +and then honestly just reducing shower + +57:07.980 --> 57:12.240 +times and like just trying to use solar + +57:12.240 --> 57:15.100 +panels or like wind-powered things to just + +57:15.100 --> 57:18.100 +use less of like the electrical like fuels + +57:18.100 --> 57:20.300 +I feel like that would definitely be + +57:20.300 --> 57:23.740 +useful more hybrid cars and electric cars + +57:23.740 --> 57:27.340 +you just need to just like make people + +57:27.340 --> 57:30.900 +feel like it's important to save the + +57:30.900 --> 57:32.720 +environment I mean people love a good + +57:32.720 --> 57:34.460 +bargain so anything that That would help + +57:34.460 --> 57:36.220 +them save money, whether that's lowered + +57:36.220 --> 57:37.920 +tax rates because they have an electric + +57:37.920 --> 57:41.840 +car or if they get some sort of like tax + +57:41.840 --> 57:45.180 +refund because they planted a tree. I + +57:45.180 --> 57:48.100 +think that everyone can just take a bunch + +57:48.100 --> 57:52.480 +of like small steps towards the issue. For + +57:52.480 --> 57:55.300 +example, choosing to walk or bike or like + +57:55.300 --> 57:59.200 +scooter rather than driving somewhere and + +57:59.200 --> 58:01.820 +just being mindful of like everything that + +58:01.820 --> 58:05.900 +you do before you do it. So I know there's + +58:05.900 --> 58:07.660 +a lot to be worried about, and you may be + +58:07.660 --> 58:09.460 +feeling that especially right now with the + +58:09.460 --> 58:12.020 +coronavirus pandemic. But one thing that + +58:12.020 --> 58:13.920 +we're really interested in as people who + +58:13.920 --> 58:15.740 +work on environmental issues is what makes + +58:15.740 --> 58:18.040 +people hopeful, what makes people believe + +58:18.040 --> 58:19.480 +that there will be a better future ahead. + +58:19.900 --> 58:22.260 +So to that end, what makes you hopeful for + +58:22.260 --> 58:23.860 +the future of the environment and why? + +58:25.800 --> 58:30.440 +Honestly, because if you don't hope, then + +58:30.440 --> 58:34.780 +what is there to be? I mean, if you're not + +58:34.780 --> 58:35.920 +hoping that things are going to get + +58:35.920 --> 58:37.160 +better, things just aren't going to get + +58:37.160 --> 58:38.540 +better because you're not actively doing + +58:38.540 --> 58:41.160 +something against it. Even if it is just + +58:41.160 --> 58:43.240 +recycling, you're obviously hoping that + +58:43.240 --> 58:46.480 +you're going to make a difference. The + +58:46.480 --> 58:49.780 +little things that everyone does. The + +58:49.780 --> 58:53.280 +plants growing, even though we've had + +58:53.280 --> 58:57.360 +challenges and destruction in our earth, + +58:57.500 --> 59:01.120 +makes me hopeful. that they'll continue to + +59:01.120 --> 59:06.280 +keep growing for the next generations. How + +59:06.280 --> 59:09.140 +awareness has spread, as well as the + +59:09.140 --> 59:12.320 +younger generation has really seen the + +59:12.320 --> 59:16.460 +evolution of how the problem has been + +59:16.460 --> 59:19.160 +impacting us. So I think that we'd be more + +59:19.160 --> 59:21.720 +inspired and more driven to solve this + +59:21.720 --> 59:23.700 +problem. And I think that's what is really + +59:23.700 --> 59:27.980 +giving hope to me. electric cars in recent + +59:27.980 --> 59:31.520 +years have sort of boomed there's they + +59:31.520 --> 59:33.580 +went from being maybe like five or ten + +59:33.580 --> 59:36.700 +years ago like a handful that had a very + +59:36.700 --> 59:39.220 +short range and weren't very popular and + +59:39.220 --> 59:42.300 +now tons of brands are coming out with + +59:42.300 --> 59:45.420 +their electric cars and electric cars i'm + +59:45.420 --> 59:47.260 +seeing more and more of them on the street + +59:47.260 --> 59:51.320 +i mean i think people like elon musk who + +59:51.320 --> 59:55.200 +are working towards having a better or + +59:55.200 --> 59:58.820 +future for the earth. So he made Teslas, + +59:58.820 --> 01:00:01.880 +like electric cars, not sponsored. That + +01:00:01.880 --> 01:00:04.420 +makes me really hopeful because I'm sure + +01:00:04.420 --> 01:00:06.060 +there are all these people in colleges + +01:00:06.060 --> 01:00:07.840 +right now who are trying to be the next + +01:00:07.840 --> 01:00:10.760 +Elon Musk. I know that there will just be + +01:00:10.760 --> 01:00:12.320 +more and more of those people, which means + +01:00:12.320 --> 01:00:14.700 +more and more solutions to these giant + +01:00:14.700 --> 01:00:16.920 +problems. That people are like releasing + +01:00:16.920 --> 01:00:20.860 +these animals that have been injured by + +01:00:20.860 --> 01:00:24.980 +plastic or oil. it makes me feel good that + +01:00:24.980 --> 01:00:27.720 +people here still have a heart so it gives + +01:00:27.720 --> 01:00:30.580 +me a little hope that maybe we can still + +01:00:30.580 --> 01:00:34.680 +do it well right now schools are really + +01:00:34.680 --> 01:00:36.980 +like teaching more about the problems and + +01:00:36.980 --> 01:00:39.220 +that's better so the students will + +01:00:39.220 --> 01:00:41.660 +probably like understand at least most of + +01:00:41.660 --> 01:00:44.400 +them and they'll probably do something at + +01:00:44.400 --> 01:00:47.720 +least to help the environment when there + +01:00:47.720 --> 01:00:50.180 +used to be school well until all this + +01:00:50.180 --> 01:00:53.600 +pandemic oh I would always bike around the + +01:00:53.600 --> 01:00:56.620 +same time to school and near Goodwill I + +01:00:56.620 --> 01:01:01.500 +would always see an like a lady more on + +01:01:01.500 --> 01:01:06.760 +the old side and every single morning she + +01:01:06.760 --> 01:01:08.980 +would wake up early and go and collect + +01:01:08.980 --> 01:01:12.080 +trash around Goodwill like whenever I saw + +01:01:12.080 --> 01:01:13.500 +her I would always say good good morning + +01:01:13.500 --> 01:01:16.100 +and I was like I was so happy like when I + +01:01:16.100 --> 01:01:18.880 +saw her because every single day she went + +01:01:18.880 --> 01:01:21.520 +out it was hard sometimes it was raining + +01:01:21.520 --> 01:01:23.960 +but she always collected at least a bag of + +01:01:23.960 --> 01:01:26.780 +trash in the morning if I at least like + +01:01:26.780 --> 01:01:29.980 +see someone trying to help an environment + +01:01:29.980 --> 01:01:32.880 +it does like really make me like huge hope + +01:01:32.880 --> 01:01:35.700 +that like oh there's at least some person + +01:01:35.700 --> 01:01:38.200 +like one person that's helping the + +01:01:38.200 --> 01:01:40.360 +environment if there's like more people + +01:01:40.360 --> 01:01:43.000 +just like try to help the environment. I + +01:01:43.000 --> 01:01:45.300 +think lots of people really think strongly + +01:01:45.300 --> 01:01:47.960 +about this and if they all just keep + +01:01:47.960 --> 01:01:51.720 +persisting maybe many others will also + +01:01:52.980 --> 01:01:56.960 +contribute to these ideas and thoughts. I + +01:01:56.960 --> 01:02:00.100 +see a lot of people coming together to do + +01:02:00.100 --> 01:02:01.680 +the right thing that makes me hopeful + +01:02:01.680 --> 01:02:04.760 +because it shows that people like do care + +01:02:04.760 --> 01:02:06.580 +about our environment and they They want + +01:02:06.580 --> 01:02:08.880 +us to live in the best place that we can, + +01:02:09.020 --> 01:02:11.460 +and they're doing their part. And I think + +01:02:11.460 --> 01:02:13.680 +that also when you see people doing their + +01:02:13.680 --> 01:02:15.340 +part, it makes you want to do your part. + +01:02:15.600 --> 01:02:17.780 +And then it just like builds this + +01:02:17.780 --> 01:02:20.400 +community of people doing the best that + +01:02:20.400 --> 01:02:22.180 +they can to preserve everything they can. + +01:02:22.360 --> 01:02:24.320 +I know this happens to me all the time, + +01:02:24.340 --> 01:02:26.220 +and it's kind of off topic. My grandma + +01:02:26.220 --> 01:02:28.980 +loves to keep the sink on, like on dirty + +01:02:28.980 --> 01:02:31.000 +dishes, and I always tell her to stop. And + +01:02:31.000 --> 01:02:33.060 +even like little things like that are + +01:02:33.060 --> 01:02:34.640 +helping the environment because it's not + +01:02:34.640 --> 01:02:38.440 +wasting water. and when I do it it gives + +01:02:38.440 --> 01:02:40.920 +me hope because I'm showing that I care + +01:02:40.920 --> 01:02:42.560 +and that also gives me hope that more and + +01:02:42.560 --> 01:02:44.200 +more people will start to do it and then + +01:02:44.200 --> 01:02:45.760 +we can make an even bigger difference. + +01:02:47.820 --> 01:02:51.180 +Well every year I invite you a new edition + +01:02:51.180 --> 01:02:55.380 +of a Times recap or something basically it + +01:02:55.380 --> 01:02:57.340 +tells every single thing that happens last + +01:02:57.340 --> 01:02:59.660 +year. I usually look back and try looking + +01:02:59.660 --> 01:03:03.160 +at everything that happened during global + +01:03:03.160 --> 01:03:06.100 +warming. Sometimes it will be bad, like, I + +01:03:06.100 --> 01:03:08.720 +don't know. The one I'm reading right now + +01:03:08.720 --> 01:03:12.080 +said that the glaciers have two giant + +01:03:12.080 --> 01:03:15.740 +chunks have fallen off the glacier. So + +01:03:15.740 --> 01:03:18.620 +that shows that's going closer to global + +01:03:18.620 --> 01:03:21.620 +warming and is taking place. That part + +01:03:21.620 --> 01:03:24.060 +kind of creeps me out. But also I found + +01:03:24.060 --> 01:03:27.700 +other good news, like people in British + +01:03:27.700 --> 01:03:29.720 +are actually now complaining about the + +01:03:29.720 --> 01:03:32.060 +global warming. School students in high + +01:03:32.060 --> 01:03:33.900 +school are taking part and started + +01:03:33.900 --> 01:03:37.960 +rallying in the streets in 2019. I find + +01:03:37.960 --> 01:03:42.000 +that more people are being more aware of + +01:03:42.000 --> 01:03:45.340 +global warming. Actually, that itself + +01:03:45.340 --> 01:03:46.960 +gives me hope that people are not trying + +01:03:46.960 --> 01:03:49.460 +to take action and that some people are + +01:03:49.460 --> 01:03:52.100 +standing up to the people who are actually + +01:03:52.100 --> 01:03:56.200 +causing all this trouble. That part gives + +01:03:56.200 --> 01:03:57.180 +me hope. + +01:04:00.500 --> 01:04:03.420 +It makes me hopeful that there's a whole + +01:04:03.420 --> 01:04:06.340 +new generation. And if they grow up + +01:04:06.340 --> 01:04:09.100 +hearing this message over and over, then + +01:04:09.100 --> 01:04:12.240 +it will get wired into their brain. And + +01:04:12.240 --> 01:04:14.140 +hopefully it'll become something they care + +01:04:14.140 --> 01:04:17.520 +about. And I'll try really hard to help + +01:04:17.520 --> 01:04:19.960 +our earth get better. I know it's + +01:04:19.960 --> 01:04:22.060 +sometimes hard to imagine that young + +01:04:22.060 --> 01:04:24.440 +people can make a difference, but being + +01:04:24.440 --> 01:04:27.240 +creative, what do you think people your + +01:04:27.240 --> 01:04:29.820 +age can do to help ensure that the world + +01:04:29.820 --> 01:04:33.380 +will be better 5, 10, 15 years in the + +01:04:33.380 --> 01:04:35.160 +future, especially when we're talking + +01:04:35.160 --> 01:04:39.780 +about the environment? well we could just + +01:04:39.780 --> 01:04:43.280 +talk small pick up trash that um people + +01:04:43.280 --> 01:04:45.800 +like students from school have left and + +01:04:45.800 --> 01:04:49.540 +threw away and on the floor pick it up and + +01:04:49.540 --> 01:04:52.540 +tell them that you shouldn't do that small + +01:04:52.540 --> 01:04:56.580 +things right um recycle don't mix up trash + +01:04:56.580 --> 01:04:59.840 +with their cycle just honestly basic + +01:04:59.840 --> 01:05:02.300 +research can go a long way right you know + +01:05:02.300 --> 01:05:03.600 +what to recycle you're not going to put + +01:05:03.600 --> 01:05:05.540 +trash in the recycle we should just go + +01:05:05.540 --> 01:05:09.240 +waste right uh and then again just being + +01:05:09.240 --> 01:05:10.680 +informed when you're a kid so you know + +01:05:10.680 --> 01:05:12.300 +what to do when you're an adult right like + +01:05:12.300 --> 01:05:15.060 +maybe when you're not when you're an adult + +01:05:15.060 --> 01:05:17.300 +not all cars would be electric but you + +01:05:17.300 --> 01:05:19.040 +obviously know the problem so maybe you + +01:05:19.040 --> 01:05:21.460 +would lean towards an electric car if you + +01:05:21.460 --> 01:05:26.440 +again can you know get one well they can + +01:05:26.440 --> 01:05:29.520 +for sure like reuse plastic and like maybe + +01:05:29.520 --> 01:05:33.700 +i think they can also So at least try to + +01:05:33.700 --> 01:05:37.580 +buy less plastic in stores and stuff that + +01:05:37.580 --> 01:05:40.360 +are bad for the environment. Like small + +01:05:40.360 --> 01:05:43.400 +decisions and also like letting people, + +01:05:43.580 --> 01:05:47.320 +telling people how they can help. Not if + +01:05:47.320 --> 01:05:49.780 +you like, if you just do something, that's + +01:05:49.780 --> 01:05:52.240 +one thing. But if you tell a bunch of + +01:05:52.240 --> 01:05:54.580 +people that they should be doing it too, + +01:05:54.740 --> 01:05:56.700 +then you can, then people can make like a + +01:05:56.700 --> 01:05:59.200 +bigger impact. impact. Some things are + +01:05:59.200 --> 01:06:01.140 +really necessary for us, but other things + +01:06:01.140 --> 01:06:03.320 +are harming us like drugs. And that's + +01:06:03.320 --> 01:06:06.860 +something that's become really like, it's + +01:06:06.860 --> 01:06:11.140 +increasing in a worse way in my + +01:06:11.140 --> 01:06:15.260 +generation. So I think that like, a way + +01:06:15.260 --> 01:06:17.420 +that we could stop this is stop all + +01:06:17.420 --> 01:06:20.000 +unnecessary things that aren't good for + +01:06:20.000 --> 01:06:23.620 +the environment or good for us. And I + +01:06:23.620 --> 01:06:25.460 +think that would not only help the + +01:06:25.460 --> 01:06:27.600 +environment, but also the health our + +01:06:27.600 --> 01:06:30.600 +overall health I feel like we can make + +01:06:30.600 --> 01:06:33.480 +sure trash gets into the trash and not + +01:06:33.480 --> 01:06:37.200 +around our planet I also feel like we can + +01:06:37.200 --> 01:06:41.380 +start planting more plants making sure um + +01:06:41.380 --> 01:06:45.240 +the whole community's environment is nice + +01:06:45.240 --> 01:06:49.480 +um I think it's like it can be in like any + +01:06:49.480 --> 01:06:51.800 +generations but like just to tell Tell + +01:06:51.800 --> 01:06:55.480 +them what is going on right now and at + +01:06:55.480 --> 01:06:59.340 +least one way to solve the problem that we + +01:06:59.340 --> 01:07:02.380 +have about environmental issues. I feel + +01:07:02.380 --> 01:07:05.060 +like I often mark those social media + +01:07:05.060 --> 01:07:08.300 +reposts of this many forests are being cut + +01:07:08.300 --> 01:07:10.940 +down in a second. But I feel like it + +01:07:10.940 --> 01:07:12.820 +really is helpful because it raises + +01:07:12.820 --> 01:07:14.900 +awareness. And I feel like raising + +01:07:14.900 --> 01:07:18.600 +awareness in daily life is so important + +01:07:18.600 --> 01:07:21.060 +because we don't spend our time watching + +01:07:21.060 --> 01:07:23.640 +Greta Thunberg's speeches. I don't spend + +01:07:23.640 --> 01:07:26.380 +my time doing that, at least. And I know + +01:07:26.380 --> 01:07:30.320 +most of my friends don't. Kids my age or + +01:07:30.320 --> 01:07:34.680 +any age could start maybe some clubs or + +01:07:34.680 --> 01:07:38.240 +make a petition on how we should store our + +01:07:38.240 --> 01:07:42.440 +trash. many like posters and clubs could + +01:07:42.440 --> 01:07:46.380 +really affect the way people at schools + +01:07:46.380 --> 01:07:50.180 +can think about the environment. Maybe + +01:07:50.180 --> 01:07:52.980 +work at your school like see if what your + +01:07:52.980 --> 01:07:55.840 +school is doing for like sustainable + +01:07:55.840 --> 01:07:57.780 +energy if your school like does your + +01:07:57.780 --> 01:07:59.880 +school have solar panels if there's like + +01:07:59.880 --> 01:08:02.580 +room in their budget to install them you + +01:08:02.580 --> 01:08:04.580 +could see if you could work with the + +01:08:04.580 --> 01:08:07.060 +district to maybe install solar panels at + +01:08:07.060 --> 01:08:09.340 +your school or have like see if you could + +01:08:09.340 --> 01:08:11.960 +make the have the office install like + +01:08:11.960 --> 01:08:15.240 +electric car charging spots in like the + +01:08:15.240 --> 01:08:17.040 +parking lot at your school or something + +01:08:17.040 --> 01:08:19.800 +like that now see if your school most + +01:08:19.800 --> 01:08:21.760 +schools have like student government like + +01:08:21.760 --> 01:08:24.280 +student council or something like that and + +01:08:24.280 --> 01:08:27.680 +see if you could either be part of that or + +01:08:27.680 --> 01:08:30.340 +work with someone or multiple people who + +01:08:30.340 --> 01:08:32.400 +are part of that or see if there's like a + +01:08:32.400 --> 01:08:35.860 +teacher who has like similar views and and + +01:08:35.860 --> 01:08:39.720 +see if you could work with them? I think + +01:08:39.720 --> 01:08:42.340 +the younger generations are who's on + +01:08:42.340 --> 01:08:45.680 +social media the most. And so they're all + +01:08:45.680 --> 01:08:47.900 +getting the message, but I think it's the + +01:08:47.900 --> 01:08:51.920 +older generations that don't really get + +01:08:51.920 --> 01:08:55.200 +the message. So I think the younger + +01:08:55.200 --> 01:08:57.540 +generation should spread that knowledge. + +01:08:58.540 --> 01:09:00.880 +But I know that every single time, it's + +01:09:00.880 --> 01:09:02.700 +annoying, but every single time before my + +01:09:02.700 --> 01:09:04.480 +parents go out, I always remind them like + +01:09:04.480 --> 01:09:07.760 +don't buy any plastic like do your best to + +01:09:07.760 --> 01:09:10.700 +just buy metal and paper and whatever you + +01:09:10.700 --> 01:09:13.920 +can to stop so we can stop using plastic + +01:09:13.920 --> 01:09:16.860 +and even little differences that like we + +01:09:16.860 --> 01:09:19.700 +can make like not using as much water or + +01:09:19.700 --> 01:09:21.000 +even just telling our parents to not use + +01:09:21.000 --> 01:09:23.680 +as much water will result in a bigger + +01:09:23.680 --> 01:09:25.780 +difference and I know that sometimes it's + +01:09:25.780 --> 01:09:27.240 +hard because like you're like it's not + +01:09:27.240 --> 01:09:29.780 +that big but with more and more kids doing + +01:09:29.780 --> 01:09:31.920 +it it will become something big and then + +01:09:31.920 --> 01:09:33.820 +their parents result doing it and then + +01:09:33.820 --> 01:09:36.040 +it'll just become a big thing of people + +01:09:36.040 --> 01:09:38.760 +doing what they can to help. I know with + +01:09:38.760 --> 01:09:41.040 +my family I think it would be more coming + +01:09:41.040 --> 01:09:44.620 +from me because hearing that I want to + +01:09:44.620 --> 01:09:46.300 +help change the world and change the + +01:09:46.300 --> 01:09:48.780 +environment I think has an impact on them + +01:09:48.780 --> 01:09:51.100 +because it shows that like what they're + +01:09:51.100 --> 01:09:53.380 +doing matters to me and what I'm doing + +01:09:53.380 --> 01:09:54.840 +matters to me. I just want to help the + +01:09:54.840 --> 01:09:56.720 +environment the best I can and I think + +01:09:56.720 --> 01:09:58.860 +that also like I know my parents don't + +01:09:58.860 --> 01:10:00.880 +probably think that I think about these + +01:10:00.880 --> 01:10:02.480 +kind of things. So I think that even + +01:10:02.480 --> 01:10:04.300 +coming from someone younger is more + +01:10:04.300 --> 01:10:06.300 +impactful because you're like, oh, even + +01:10:06.300 --> 01:10:07.940 +though they're young, they're trying to + +01:10:07.940 --> 01:10:09.260 +help the world and they're trying to make + +01:10:09.260 --> 01:10:11.440 +a difference. Like you said, what gives me + +01:10:11.440 --> 01:10:13.500 +hope was that people who are becoming + +01:10:13.500 --> 01:10:16.220 +aware, for it to happen, I think that, + +01:10:16.260 --> 01:10:18.040 +like you said, that more people should be + +01:10:18.040 --> 01:10:20.240 +aware, not just the young generation, but + +01:10:20.240 --> 01:10:22.040 +actually every generation should be more + +01:10:22.040 --> 01:10:24.260 +aware of climate change and actually try + +01:10:24.260 --> 01:10:26.540 +taking a step to stop it. And like I said, + +01:10:26.680 --> 01:10:29.900 +even if it's small, it does count. So I + +01:10:29.900 --> 01:10:33.520 +wish for it to change. I think that not + +01:10:33.520 --> 01:10:35.740 +just our generation, but every generation + +01:10:35.740 --> 01:10:38.960 +should step up and try slowing down + +01:10:38.960 --> 01:10:40.960 +climate change, even if it's small. + +01:10:47.640 --> 01:10:51.420 +Wow, it is so inspiring and encouraging to + +01:10:51.420 --> 01:10:53.300 +hear this wide variety of solutions. + +01:10:53.300 --> 01:10:56.520 +solutions. Not only did they explain what + +01:10:56.520 --> 01:10:59.100 +younger people can do, but also how adults + +01:10:59.100 --> 01:11:01.020 +and people of our generation can get + +01:11:01.020 --> 01:11:04.140 +involved, in both large and small ways. + +01:11:05.220 --> 01:11:06.980 +That's right, and I think that the impact + +01:11:06.980 --> 01:11:09.560 +of this is twofold. Not only are they + +01:11:09.560 --> 01:11:11.120 +helping us all to act by providing + +01:11:11.120 --> 01:11:13.700 +concrete actions we can take, I think they + +01:11:13.700 --> 01:11:16.900 +are also inspiring us to take action. I + +01:11:16.900 --> 01:11:18.840 +feel like we as a society always say that + +01:11:18.840 --> 01:11:20.820 +we want to protect the earth for future + +01:11:20.820 --> 01:11:23.180 +generations, but we don't really take the + +01:11:23.180 --> 01:11:25.240 +time to involve our young people today and + +01:11:25.240 --> 01:11:27.740 +what they can do here and now. Children + +01:11:27.740 --> 01:11:29.880 +have always been a powerful motivator for + +01:11:29.880 --> 01:11:32.320 +environmental action. I think seeing kids + +01:11:32.320 --> 01:11:33.780 +who are striving to lead environmentally + +01:11:33.780 --> 01:11:35.960 +conscious lives can show us all what a + +01:11:35.960 --> 01:11:37.800 +more sustainable future could look like. + +01:11:38.200 --> 01:11:41.400 +As Greta Thunberg said, people feel very + +01:11:41.400 --> 01:11:43.820 +guilty when a child says, you are stealing + +01:11:43.820 --> 01:11:47.320 +my future. That has impact. impact. We're + +01:11:47.320 --> 01:11:48.960 +used to making decisions with kids in + +01:11:48.960 --> 01:11:51.040 +mind, but I don't think we're used to + +01:11:51.040 --> 01:11:53.040 +making decisions with kids in the room. + +01:11:53.440 --> 01:11:55.460 +Yeah, we need to make sure that we + +01:11:55.460 --> 01:11:57.360 +continue involving kids in conversations + +01:11:57.360 --> 01:11:58.920 +about the environment and creating + +01:11:58.920 --> 01:12:01.100 +platforms for them to share their ideas. + +01:12:01.620 --> 01:12:03.320 +They cannot participate in the + +01:12:03.320 --> 01:12:05.060 +environmental movement at the ballot box, + +01:12:05.260 --> 01:12:07.240 +but their ideas can be incorporated if + +01:12:07.240 --> 01:12:10.400 +voters are willing to listen. And climate + +01:12:10.400 --> 01:12:12.360 +change is also an inherently inherently + +01:12:12.360 --> 01:12:15.000 +intergenerational issue. And I believe + +01:12:15.000 --> 01:12:17.500 +that we will be in very capable hands when + +01:12:17.500 --> 01:12:18.940 +these kids are one day making the + +01:12:18.940 --> 01:12:21.860 +decisions. I also personally feel + +01:12:21.860 --> 01:12:23.780 +incredibly inspired by these kids and + +01:12:23.780 --> 01:12:26.160 +their messages of hope. In college, as + +01:12:26.160 --> 01:12:27.960 +environmental science majors, I feel like + +01:12:27.960 --> 01:12:29.860 +we are constantly bombarded with reminders + +01:12:29.860 --> 01:12:31.640 +of how big and complex environmental + +01:12:31.640 --> 01:12:33.720 +issues are, and that can become really + +01:12:33.720 --> 01:12:36.620 +discouraging over time. Exactly, and + +01:12:36.620 --> 01:12:38.460 +that's why we love talking to people about + +01:12:38.460 --> 01:12:40.000 +their their ideas, and their hopes, + +01:12:40.120 --> 01:12:42.520 +especially with younger people who will + +01:12:42.520 --> 01:12:44.140 +soon be at the helm of the environmental + +01:12:44.140 --> 01:12:47.520 +movement. It is rejuvenating to palpably + +01:12:47.520 --> 01:12:50.520 +feel so much hope and optimism, and it + +01:12:50.520 --> 01:12:53.340 +serves as a powerful motivator for us as + +01:12:53.340 --> 01:12:58.020 +we continue on our own paths. Well, in + +01:12:58.020 --> 01:13:00.060 +closing, we just want to express our + +01:13:00.060 --> 01:13:01.800 +appreciation for all of the people who + +01:13:01.800 --> 01:13:04.000 +have supported us in this project. It has + +01:13:04.000 --> 01:13:05.800 +been an incredibly long journey, and we + +01:13:05.800 --> 01:13:07.500 +are so grateful to have had such a + +01:13:07.500 --> 01:13:10.840 +wonderful team. Yes, thank you to our 13 + +01:13:10.840 --> 01:13:12.960 +student participants, their adult + +01:13:12.960 --> 01:13:15.320 +interviewees, our mentors at Stanford, + +01:13:15.580 --> 01:13:17.920 +Richard and Nicole, and the teachers and + +01:13:17.920 --> 01:13:19.700 +parents from Ellen Fletcher Middle School, + +01:13:19.840 --> 01:13:22.280 +all of whom made this program possible. + +01:13:22.980 --> 01:13:25.480 +And thanks to you, the listeners, for + +01:13:25.480 --> 01:13:27.040 +spending your Earth Day here with us. + +01:13:27.440 --> 01:13:29.140 +We'll leave you with one last coronavirus + +01:13:29.140 --> 01:13:31.660 +message on behalf of KZSU, but please stay + +01:13:31.660 --> 01:13:32.980 +safe and have a great rest of your + +01:13:32.980 --> 01:13:36.540 +evening. name. With many schools closed + +01:13:36.540 --> 01:13:39.100 +due to the COVID-19 crisis, kids are + +01:13:39.100 --> 01:13:42.100 +missing meals daily. No Kid Hungry is + +01:13:42.100 --> 01:13:43.760 +stepping up. They're using donations, + +01:13:44.020 --> 01:13:46.360 +large and small, to grant funding to + +01:13:46.360 --> 01:13:48.200 +school districts, food banks, and other + +01:13:48.200 --> 01:13:50.560 +local organizations right here in the Bay + +01:13:50.560 --> 01:13:54.600 +Area, which in turn are feeding kids. No + +01:13:54.600 --> 01:13:56.800 +Kid Hungry is dedicated to working year + +01:13:56.800 --> 01:13:58.600 +-round to help the one in seven kids + +01:13:58.600 --> 01:14:00.300 +across across the U.S. who face hunger + +01:14:00.300 --> 01:14:04.340 +every day. To donate, visit nokidhungry + +01:14:04.340 --> 01:14:08.880 +.org. That's nokidhungry.org. + +01:14:31.660 --> 01:14:31.780 +Thank you. + +01:15:06.700 --> 01:15:09.500 +Thank you. + +01:15:28.940 --> 01:15:29.540 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/EarthDayPodcast_Full_Final_m4a.vtt b/docs/baseline/EarthDayPodcast_Full_Final_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51db845 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/EarthDayPodcast_Full_Final_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,4688 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:16.840 --> 00:19.320 +Good evening, everyone. You're listening + +00:19.320 --> 00:23.240 +to KCSU Stanford 90.1. Thank you so much + +00:23.240 --> 00:24.940 +for joining us for the Happy Birthday + +00:24.940 --> 00:27.360 +Earth Day 50th Anniversary Special + +00:27.360 --> 00:29.260 +featuring students from Ellen Fletcher + +00:29.260 --> 00:31.100 +Middle School in Palo Alto, California. + +00:31.900 --> 00:34.600 +I'm Lexi Nealon. And I'm Chris Escobedo. + +00:34.740 --> 00:36.660 +And we will be your hosts tonight for this + +00:36.660 --> 00:38.380 +Earth Day special. We're both + +00:38.380 --> 00:40.460 +undergraduates completing degrees in the + +00:40.460 --> 00:42.100 +Earth Systems program at Stanford + +00:42.100 --> 00:44.240 +University. For our senior capstone + +00:44.240 --> 00:45.740 +project, we wanted to work on something + +00:45.740 --> 00:47.440 +that would make a difference in the world, + +00:47.560 --> 00:50.080 +not just for us as students, but for the + +00:50.080 --> 00:52.520 +broader community as well, something that + +00:52.520 --> 00:55.160 +would last beyond our time at Stanford. We + +00:55.160 --> 00:57.140 +were especially interested in working with + +00:57.140 --> 00:59.280 +youth for this project because we see a + +00:59.280 --> 01:01.500 +tremendous need and desire to involve them + +01:01.500 --> 01:04.320 +in the environmental movement. In recent + +01:04.320 --> 01:06.560 +years, Gen Z has become increasingly + +01:06.560 --> 01:09.360 +interested in environmental activism, and + +01:09.360 --> 01:11.060 +the Washington Post actually estimates + +01:11.060 --> 01:13.940 +that 24% of current U.S. teenagers have + +01:13.940 --> 01:16.400 +participated in a school walkout, attended + +01:16.400 --> 01:18.640 +a protest, or written to a government + +01:18.640 --> 01:20.460 +representative about climate change. + +01:20.460 --> 01:23.480 +Because lots of environmental issues are + +01:23.480 --> 01:26.100 +complex and overwhelming, we were curious + +01:26.100 --> 01:28.560 +to hear how young people would talk about + +01:28.560 --> 01:30.860 +them in their own voices, what questions + +01:30.860 --> 01:32.880 +they might have, what concerns they'd + +01:32.880 --> 01:35.060 +have, and what they look forward to in the + +01:35.060 --> 01:37.700 +future. We were also so aware of the need + +01:37.700 --> 01:39.960 +for hope and optimism, especially right + +01:39.960 --> 01:42.340 +now during this pandemic, and it seemed + +01:42.340 --> 01:44.840 +that empowering youth to participate in + +01:44.840 --> 01:47.220 +these complex discussions could serve as a + +01:47.220 --> 01:48.800 +powerful motivator for environmental + +01:48.800 --> 01:51.280 +activism. activism. I've worked in radio + +01:51.280 --> 01:54.100 +at KCSU for almost four years, so I know + +01:54.100 --> 01:56.460 +that this is a great platform not only for + +01:56.460 --> 01:58.560 +participants to highlight their ideas, but + +01:58.560 --> 02:00.540 +also for them to build confidence, learn + +02:00.540 --> 02:02.220 +how to talk with people, and find their + +02:02.220 --> 02:04.460 +own voice. Putting all that together, + +02:04.780 --> 02:06.180 +Chris and I thought that a podcast + +02:06.180 --> 02:07.480 +highlighting middle schoolers' + +02:07.520 --> 02:09.420 +perspectives at an age when they are + +02:09.420 --> 02:11.180 +really coming into their own in terms of + +02:11.180 --> 02:13.080 +becoming active decision makers in their + +02:13.080 --> 02:15.340 +school and community would be a great way + +02:15.340 --> 02:17.520 +to celebrate Earth Day. Over the last + +02:17.520 --> 02:19.840 +three months, we've worked collaboratively + +02:19.840 --> 02:21.500 +with 13 Ellen Fletcher middle school + +02:21.500 --> 02:23.720 +students to prepare them to interview + +02:23.720 --> 02:26.100 +their chosen trusted adults and to be + +02:26.100 --> 02:28.500 +interviewed themselves. We hope that + +02:28.500 --> 02:29.860 +hearing from these students will make + +02:29.860 --> 02:31.760 +others excited about considering the youth + +02:31.760 --> 02:33.980 +voice, especially when making decisions + +02:33.980 --> 02:36.700 +that impact future generations. The + +02:36.700 --> 02:38.480 +remainder of this program follows the + +02:38.480 --> 02:40.100 +students as they interview family, + +02:40.320 --> 02:42.660 +friends, mentors, and teachers from their + +02:42.660 --> 02:44.640 +community who reflect on environmental + +02:44.640 --> 02:46.480 +changes they've noticed since the first + +02:46.480 --> 02:49.980 +Earth Day in 1970. Later on, the same + +02:49.980 --> 02:51.800 +students will discuss their perspectives + +02:51.800 --> 02:53.640 +on today's environmental challenges, + +02:53.860 --> 02:56.560 +particularly climate change, and offer + +02:56.560 --> 02:58.620 +their own inspiring visions for how we + +02:58.620 --> 03:00.480 +might achieve a more sustainable future. + +03:01.560 --> 03:04.060 +Before we get started though, we'd like to + +03:04.060 --> 03:06.060 +share a quick message with you about the + +03:06.060 --> 03:08.820 +temporary coronavirus-related closure of + +03:08.820 --> 03:12.100 +our campus arts museum. As part of + +03:12.100 --> 03:14.880 +Stanford's response to COVID-19, Cantor + +03:14.880 --> 03:16.980 +Arts Center has closed its galleries to + +03:16.980 --> 03:18.940 +the general public until at least May + +03:18.940 --> 03:21.980 +15th. In the interim, the museum is + +03:21.980 --> 03:24.480 +offering a digest of digital resources for + +03:24.480 --> 03:26.500 +visitors to explore through Museums at + +03:26.500 --> 03:31.200 +Home link. Visit museum.stanford.edu slash + +03:31.200 --> 03:35.400 +museums dash home. Cantor Arts is looking + +03:35.400 --> 03:37.460 +forward to reopening its doors once again + +03:37.460 --> 03:40.940 +as soon as possible. For more info, go to + +03:40.940 --> 03:45.500 +museums.stanford.edu. Thanks, Chris, for + +03:45.500 --> 03:48.300 +that important update. Now, as a reminder, + +03:48.520 --> 03:50.840 +each of our 13 students selected one adult + +03:50.840 --> 03:53.120 +participant, and the only criteria we + +03:53.120 --> 03:55.040 +required for their selection was that the + +03:55.040 --> 03:56.480 +adult had to be someone they would be + +03:56.480 --> 03:58.200 +comfortable interviewing and was at least + +03:58.200 --> 04:00.400 +50 years old, such that they were alive + +04:00.400 --> 04:03.540 +during the first Earth Day in 1970. Right, + +04:03.660 --> 04:05.520 +so let's go ahead and meet those adults + +04:05.520 --> 04:06.400 +that our students chose. + +04:10.860 --> 04:14.340 +I'm a mother of one fantastic daughter, + +04:14.600 --> 04:18.140 +and I'm an administrator at Stanford in + +04:18.140 --> 04:20.800 +the computer science department. I'm like + +04:20.800 --> 04:23.460 +technically a secretary, a nutrition + +04:23.460 --> 04:25.880 +expert, a housekeeper and fashion + +04:25.880 --> 04:28.440 +counselor for my husband and my two + +04:28.440 --> 04:31.940 +beautiful kids. And I was born in Mexico + +04:31.940 --> 04:34.120 +City. I'm the daughter of Spanish + +04:34.120 --> 04:37.520 +immigrants. I am a teacher, and I'm very + +04:37.520 --> 04:40.820 +proud to be one, even though I don't teach + +04:40.820 --> 04:44.580 +nowadays. I'm from Berkeley, California, + +04:45.000 --> 04:49.700 +and I, of course, am retired. I'm elderly. + +04:50.420 --> 04:53.600 +I volunteer at the food closet and have a + +04:53.600 --> 04:58.120 +great book club. I'm from Bulgaria, Sofia + +04:58.120 --> 05:00.240 +is the capital of Bulgaria. I was born + +05:00.240 --> 05:04.160 +during communism and then my husband won a + +05:04.160 --> 05:06.640 +green card from the lottery and we all + +05:06.640 --> 05:11.120 +became here. And we are in the USA since + +05:11.120 --> 05:15.220 +March of 1996. I live in Palo Alto, + +05:15.320 --> 05:18.500 +California. I run a company, I'm the CEO + +05:18.500 --> 05:21.240 +and co-founder of a tech company that has + +05:21.240 --> 05:23.780 +a software solution based on artificial + +05:23.780 --> 05:26.240 +intelligence. I am the Fletcher Middle + +05:26.240 --> 05:29.620 +School librarian, and I was born in 1965 + +05:29.620 --> 05:33.180 +in Boston, and I went to UC Berkeley for + +05:33.180 --> 05:36.060 +my teaching credential and my master's in + +05:36.060 --> 05:38.960 +education. And my favorite job of all is + +05:38.960 --> 05:41.960 +being a middle school teacher librarian. I + +05:41.960 --> 05:45.700 +am a language arts and music teacher, a + +05:45.700 --> 05:48.740 +great supporter of all environmental + +05:48.740 --> 05:51.340 +movements to save this beautiful planet, + +05:51.560 --> 05:56.160 +Mother Earth. and I recycle very + +05:56.160 --> 05:59.460 +scrupulously. I grew up in India. + +06:00.380 --> 06:03.640 +Currently, I'm an enterprise solutions + +06:03.640 --> 06:06.980 +engineer working in the machine learning + +06:06.980 --> 06:09.620 +artificial intelligence field. When I was + +06:09.620 --> 06:13.140 +growing up, I went to college to study + +06:13.140 --> 06:17.940 +geology and earth sciences, but then I + +06:17.940 --> 06:19.700 +moved to computer science field. + +06:19.700 --> 06:23.340 +Currently, I'm working in medical affairs, + +06:23.500 --> 06:26.820 +working with cancer drugs at a + +06:26.820 --> 06:30.040 +pharmaceutical company. For fun, I like to + +06:30.040 --> 06:34.760 +travel, and every year we visit my parents + +06:34.760 --> 06:38.300 +and relatives in Thailand. I'm a + +06:38.300 --> 06:41.040 +management consultant. I work mostly in + +06:41.040 --> 06:43.580 +the life sciences industry doing + +06:43.580 --> 06:46.540 +technology consulting. I grew up in a + +06:46.540 --> 06:49.340 +little town in Iowa, northeastern Iowa. + +06:49.680 --> 06:54.960 +And the last few years, I was a school + +06:54.960 --> 06:57.420 +librarian at a high school in Fairfax + +06:57.420 --> 07:01.300 +County. I grew up in Southern California + +07:01.300 --> 07:05.020 +in Orange County. And then when I got + +07:05.020 --> 07:09.220 +married, we both worked in technology. And + +07:09.220 --> 07:12.020 +so we moved up here to the Bay Area. And + +07:12.020 --> 07:15.600 +then we both have worked in technology and + +07:15.600 --> 07:17.400 +also have been very involved in the + +07:17.400 --> 07:18.960 +schools when our kids were in school. + +07:25.580 --> 07:27.340 +What amazing and diverse participants. + +07:28.220 --> 07:30.060 +Although all of our students are based in + +07:30.060 --> 07:32.180 +Palo Alto, the adults they chose to + +07:32.180 --> 07:33.660 +interview have connections all over the + +07:33.660 --> 07:35.720 +globe. I can't wait to hear what they have + +07:35.720 --> 07:38.720 +to say. Absolutely agreed. I think this + +07:38.720 --> 07:40.140 +really goes to show just how + +07:40.140 --> 07:42.720 +interconnected our world is nowadays. And + +07:42.720 --> 07:44.920 +I'm thrilled to hear such a wide variety + +07:44.920 --> 07:47.520 +of perspectives. Let's hand it over to the + +07:47.520 --> 07:48.460 +kids to get us started. + +07:52.860 --> 07:55.160 +Think about a place where you have lived + +07:55.160 --> 07:58.580 +in or visited for multiple years. How has + +07:58.580 --> 08:00.780 +the environment in that place changed over + +08:00.780 --> 08:04.180 +time? Sure. Sure. One of the most popular + +08:04.180 --> 08:07.340 +places in India is Bangalore. And as + +08:07.340 --> 08:10.580 +anyone knows right now, Bangalore is + +08:10.580 --> 08:12.880 +called the Silicon Valley of India. But + +08:12.880 --> 08:14.960 +when I was growing up, Bangalore was the + +08:14.960 --> 08:17.580 +most beautiful city with the best weather + +08:17.580 --> 08:21.600 +and no pollution, less number of people. + +08:21.660 --> 08:24.560 +It was a beautiful city to grow or visit + +08:24.560 --> 08:27.800 +for tourism. But as the time passed by, + +08:28.040 --> 08:32.000 +the tech boom happened and people just + +08:32.000 --> 08:35.220 +grew exponentially. Now, every time I go + +08:35.220 --> 08:37.920 +to Bangalore, it's dusty, it's polluted, + +08:38.100 --> 08:42.920 +it's warm, and it's not that something you + +08:42.920 --> 08:45.600 +love to live there. It has changed + +08:45.600 --> 08:48.360 +drastically. I would say like in 25 or 30 + +08:48.360 --> 08:54.780 +years, it has become from a nice, cold and + +08:54.780 --> 08:59.040 +pleasant city in terms of the weather to + +08:59.040 --> 09:03.480 +more like hot. Humidity is high now and it + +09:03.480 --> 09:07.320 +rains too often. I grew up in Busan city + +09:07.320 --> 09:10.240 +in South Korea. It is a south part of + +09:10.240 --> 09:13.360 +country. It's near the ocean. It was a + +09:13.360 --> 09:16.220 +very nice place. The weather was nice. The + +09:16.220 --> 09:19.580 +air was very clean. There was a mountain + +09:19.580 --> 09:23.420 +near my town, and it was easily accessible + +09:23.420 --> 09:26.940 +for everyone. I remember that there was a + +09:26.940 --> 09:29.240 +little stream, and sometimes my friend and + +09:29.240 --> 09:32.300 +I went to the air play. We could easily + +09:32.300 --> 09:34.920 +spot frog spawn and tadpole and small + +09:34.920 --> 09:37.960 +fishes. It was fun. Well, like about 20 + +09:37.960 --> 09:40.620 +years ago, there was yellow dust, + +09:40.760 --> 09:43.660 +especially during springtime. Scientists + +09:43.660 --> 09:47.160 +said that yellow dust from China during + +09:47.160 --> 09:50.140 +springtime because wind made this yellow + +09:50.140 --> 09:54.320 +dust blow over the ocean and arrived to + +09:54.320 --> 09:57.120 +South Korea. But it's usually springtime, + +09:57.240 --> 09:59.640 +not that long, so people could just + +09:59.640 --> 10:02.380 +prevent and wear masks during that time. + +10:02.380 --> 10:06.720 +But however, these days, not only yellow + +10:06.720 --> 10:10.340 +dust, nowadays they say fine dust. I + +10:10.340 --> 10:14.320 +remember I went outside with a kid and I + +10:14.320 --> 10:17.500 +could tell the air is not very clear. And + +10:17.500 --> 10:19.640 +I got a phone call from my sister-in-law + +10:19.640 --> 10:22.900 +and, oh, today the fine dust level is very + +10:22.900 --> 10:25.040 +high. You should stay at home. And I + +10:25.040 --> 10:28.440 +asked, what is that? And she came to me + +10:28.440 --> 10:31.380 +and she showed me how to install the Find + +10:31.380 --> 10:34.220 +Us Index application. And she told me, you + +10:34.220 --> 10:36.060 +should check it every day. And if the + +10:36.060 --> 10:37.820 +level is very high, you should stay at + +10:37.820 --> 10:40.240 +home. It's really, really bad for kids and + +10:40.240 --> 10:43.080 +older people. And if you have to go out, + +10:43.160 --> 10:46.560 +you should wear a mask. So that is the new + +10:46.560 --> 10:50.660 +culture in Korea. I would take my hometown + +10:50.660 --> 10:54.620 +in India. It's almost kind of a very + +10:54.620 --> 10:56.600 +hidden gem. It's a hill station tucked + +10:56.600 --> 10:59.860 +away from the civilization almost. It's + +10:59.860 --> 11:03.620 +called Wayanad. It's on the southmost tip + +11:03.620 --> 11:05.720 +of India. As I said, it's a hill station + +11:05.720 --> 11:08.360 +surrounded by mountain around 8,000 feet + +11:08.360 --> 11:11.360 +above sea level. The only access to the + +11:11.360 --> 11:14.940 +place still is a bus route. And that's how + +11:14.940 --> 11:17.600 +we communicate with the rest of the world. + +11:17.820 --> 11:20.440 +So the memories of that place is, you + +11:20.440 --> 11:22.840 +know, it was abundance of nature. or + +11:22.840 --> 11:26.120 +that's what I can remember most. It was + +11:26.120 --> 11:29.360 +greenery everywhere, no pollution. When + +11:29.360 --> 11:32.360 +you walk outside at night, you could see a + +11:32.360 --> 11:36.320 +full starry sky. Like you couldn't see a + +11:36.320 --> 11:38.500 +place, locate a place where you don't see + +11:38.500 --> 11:41.120 +stars. It was that kind of a place. When I + +11:41.120 --> 11:44.180 +traveled back, I mostly traveled again by + +11:44.180 --> 11:46.840 +bus. So the first thing that you remember + +11:46.840 --> 11:51.540 +is as you are climbing a winding hill road + +11:51.540 --> 11:55.460 +to reach Wayanad, you would suddenly be + +11:55.460 --> 11:58.380 +hit with lots and lots of fresh air. Even + +11:58.380 --> 12:00.760 +if I'm sleeping, I would know that I + +12:00.760 --> 12:03.940 +reached Wayanad by just that breath of + +12:03.940 --> 12:07.040 +fresh air. So over the years, this fresh + +12:07.040 --> 12:11.340 +air, this cold wind, and that sweetness of + +12:11.340 --> 12:14.260 +earth that you can smell, that slowly + +12:14.260 --> 12:17.620 +started kind of eroding. So it's a little + +12:17.620 --> 12:20.900 +bit sad to see the place converted to + +12:20.900 --> 12:24.840 +almost an industrial location where you + +12:24.840 --> 12:27.220 +could see houses everywhere, roads + +12:27.220 --> 12:29.640 +everywhere, buildings getting propped up + +12:29.640 --> 12:31.740 +everywhere. So it's a little bit sad to + +12:31.740 --> 12:35.260 +see that. The first place I lived overseas + +12:35.260 --> 12:41.320 +was in Japan, which was Okinawa, but now + +12:41.320 --> 12:44.060 +that part is all part of Japan. Japan. + +12:44.180 --> 12:46.300 +It's a very small island. It was right + +12:46.300 --> 12:50.220 +after World War II. And there were a lot + +12:50.220 --> 12:52.600 +of damages done to the environment there + +12:52.600 --> 12:56.140 +because of the war in many places that + +12:56.140 --> 12:59.160 +were inaccessible to most people because + +12:59.160 --> 13:02.140 +it had damaged the place so much. And I + +13:02.140 --> 13:04.800 +understand that now they created a lot of + +13:04.800 --> 13:06.940 +tourist spots there. And apparently + +13:06.940 --> 13:10.660 +they've tried to restore the environment + +13:10.660 --> 13:14.320 +there, beaches and bring back a different + +13:14.320 --> 13:17.900 +kind of tourist economy. In Germany, we + +13:17.900 --> 13:20.560 +were there right after, you know, within a + +13:20.560 --> 13:23.080 +year of that. And there were many places + +13:23.080 --> 13:25.620 +you couldn't go because they still were + +13:25.620 --> 13:28.820 +having problems with unexploded bombs and + +13:28.820 --> 13:31.740 +stuff because you couldn't go there. So we + +13:31.740 --> 13:35.680 +didn't have a lot of access to just + +13:35.680 --> 13:37.900 +anywhere we wanted to go in Europe. All + +13:37.900 --> 13:39.740 +these places you could just walk right up + +13:39.740 --> 13:43.600 +to the buildings. And we went back there + +13:43.600 --> 13:45.360 +many years later and you could not do that + +13:45.360 --> 13:48.240 +because they had been damaged too much, + +13:48.240 --> 13:51.660 +either by tourists or time. When I was + +13:51.660 --> 13:54.340 +growing up, Mexico City had the most + +13:54.340 --> 13:57.680 +incredible environment. What I recall is a + +13:57.680 --> 14:00.420 +beautiful valley surrounded by mountains + +14:00.420 --> 14:04.980 +and some of them are huge volcanoes. The + +14:04.980 --> 14:07.900 +sky was always blue, the air always + +14:07.900 --> 14:10.800 +transparent. And you could predict the + +14:10.800 --> 14:14.120 +weather because it ran with clock + +14:14.120 --> 14:16.620 +perfection. We had a rainy season that + +14:16.620 --> 14:19.760 +started in May, finished in September. But + +14:19.760 --> 14:22.360 +that was it. And the fruit that you had + +14:22.360 --> 14:24.960 +and the vegetables you ate belonged to + +14:24.960 --> 14:27.300 +that season. Right now, everything has + +14:27.300 --> 14:29.840 +changed. When I was growing up, this city + +14:29.840 --> 14:32.600 +had 6 million people. And right now we are + +14:32.600 --> 14:34.740 +20-something. So the city has grown + +14:34.740 --> 14:39.540 +incredibly, incredibly, and not with great + +14:39.540 --> 14:42.580 +order, I would say. Can you please tell me + +14:42.580 --> 14:44.560 +about a time where you felt that climate + +14:44.560 --> 14:47.380 +change was impacting a part of your daily + +14:47.380 --> 14:50.520 +life? The drought we experienced a few + +14:50.520 --> 14:54.840 +years ago comes to mind. I remember when I + +14:54.840 --> 14:58.160 +first came to Pau Alto, there was a lot of + +14:58.160 --> 15:01.480 +rain in the winter and through the month + +15:01.480 --> 15:05.040 +of April. This is no longer the case and + +15:05.040 --> 15:07.920 +all of us remember how we had a water + +15:07.920 --> 15:11.140 +crisis and had to stop washing our cars, + +15:11.320 --> 15:15.900 +balconies, had to stop watering plants and + +15:15.900 --> 15:18.800 +change our habits to preserve water. of? + +15:19.220 --> 15:21.340 +Well, look at right now, we're all sitting + +15:21.340 --> 15:24.400 +at home and being quarantined. Why? + +15:24.580 --> 15:28.520 +Because there are some practices that need + +15:28.520 --> 15:32.960 +to be reviewed. What we eat, how we eat + +15:32.960 --> 15:36.340 +it, because the viruses come a lot of + +15:36.340 --> 15:40.960 +times from unhealthy food practices. And + +15:40.960 --> 15:43.340 +so the ethics of of what we're eating need + +15:43.340 --> 15:46.720 +to be reviewed in many countries. And + +15:46.720 --> 15:52.880 +then, yes, the ability to spread any kind + +15:52.880 --> 15:55.220 +of a problem all over the world quickly, + +15:56.240 --> 15:59.200 +that is an environmental issue that we're + +15:59.200 --> 16:01.420 +facing right now because we're so + +16:01.420 --> 16:04.200 +interconnected through airplanes, through + +16:04.200 --> 16:07.400 +traveling. Since we can do that, we need + +16:07.400 --> 16:10.840 +to be very conscious conscious about how + +16:10.840 --> 16:14.020 +we're behaving and what we are again what + +16:14.020 --> 16:16.520 +footprint we're leaving behind so i grew + +16:16.520 --> 16:21.260 +up in india when um companies like talked + +16:21.260 --> 16:25.380 +about co2 emissions i think more into + +16:25.380 --> 16:27.700 +general context in india was like people + +16:27.700 --> 16:32.080 +believed what was there but then um what + +16:32.080 --> 16:33.960 +happened was there were some industry + +16:33.960 --> 16:36.460 +disasters that happened in india i + +16:36.460 --> 16:39.000 +remember back in 70s and 80s, there were + +16:39.000 --> 16:41.420 +poisonous gases released in the atmosphere + +16:41.420 --> 16:45.440 +during something that happened with the + +16:45.440 --> 16:49.300 +industrial complex, and it caused a lot of + +16:49.300 --> 16:52.220 +deaths. So I think if I go back, I think + +16:52.220 --> 16:54.600 +in my memory only, I think the focus was + +16:54.600 --> 16:57.360 +always on these kind of life-threatening + +16:57.360 --> 17:02.120 +disasters rather than CO2 emissions, to my + +17:02.120 --> 17:03.560 +awareness. I don't think people paid + +17:03.560 --> 17:06.640 +enough attention to CO2 emissions back in + +17:06.640 --> 17:08.820 +the day. Do you think the general populace + +17:08.820 --> 17:11.860 +in your area were aware of climate change + +17:11.860 --> 17:15.520 +back then? Absolutely not. I don't think + +17:15.520 --> 17:19.080 +there was any awareness or even now there + +17:19.080 --> 17:20.480 +is awareness for climate change. + +17:21.080 --> 17:24.540 +Definitely the pollution, the industrial + +17:24.540 --> 17:27.000 +hazards that happened there, those were + +17:27.000 --> 17:30.600 +the concerns. But if I talk to most of the + +17:30.600 --> 17:32.660 +people back home in India, I don't think + +17:32.660 --> 17:35.500 +anybody knows the impact or the + +17:35.500 --> 17:39.240 +consequences of climate change. Even if + +17:39.240 --> 17:41.260 +you don't believe in the root cause, + +17:41.500 --> 17:43.780 +that's because of pollution or not, but we + +17:43.780 --> 17:45.220 +all know that the temperature of the + +17:45.220 --> 17:47.440 +planet is rising and it will have + +17:47.440 --> 17:50.540 +consequences. I don't think anybody's + +17:50.540 --> 17:52.840 +paying attention to that. I think it's + +17:52.840 --> 17:55.000 +probably the same in the United States. If + +17:55.000 --> 17:56.680 +you look at most of the cities, the big + +17:56.680 --> 17:58.940 +cities like New York, San Francisco, + +17:59.260 --> 18:02.480 +Houston, they're all on the coast. So if + +18:02.480 --> 18:05.160 +the temperature keeps rising, these cities + +18:05.160 --> 18:07.180 +won't exist anymore. But I think people + +18:07.180 --> 18:10.200 +think somehow it will solve itself, or + +18:10.200 --> 18:13.160 +honestly, people are not thinking long + +18:13.160 --> 18:15.960 +-term, in my opinion. What are your + +18:15.960 --> 18:17.600 +thoughts about the environment right now + +18:17.600 --> 18:19.560 +compared to the environment 15 years ago? + +18:19.960 --> 18:22.480 +I think about it a lot now. I mean, + +18:22.500 --> 18:24.780 +there's so much written about it, and we + +18:24.780 --> 18:28.120 +see so many pictures. We really never gave + +18:28.120 --> 18:31.380 +it a thought. never read or heard about it + +18:31.380 --> 18:34.520 +50 years ago. And now you just see + +18:34.520 --> 18:37.820 +pictures of it happening. I think it's in + +18:37.820 --> 18:42.080 +the forefront of all of our minds now. I + +18:42.080 --> 18:44.980 +hardly think you could talk to anyone who + +18:44.980 --> 18:47.420 +didn't think that it's happening. + +18:53.320 --> 18:55.460 +I don't know about you, but I'm finding it + +18:55.460 --> 18:57.400 +fascinating to hear from these folks about + +18:57.400 --> 18:59.360 +the changes they've witnessed, both in the + +18:59.360 --> 19:00.760 +sense of physical changes to the + +19:00.760 --> 19:02.820 +environment, as well as in social and + +19:02.820 --> 19:04.680 +cultural awareness about how humans are + +19:04.680 --> 19:07.280 +impacting the climate. Yeah, absolutely. I + +19:07.280 --> 19:09.100 +think they've done a fantastic job + +19:09.100 --> 19:11.200 +capturing what climate change really looks + +19:11.200 --> 19:14.240 +like on a human scale. It's almost + +19:14.240 --> 19:16.520 +disheartening to hear all of these + +19:16.520 --> 19:19.260 +dramatic personal stories of how much the + +19:19.260 --> 19:21.820 +earth has changed. Honestly, it's a little + +19:21.820 --> 19:24.140 +scary to think about. But at the same + +19:24.140 --> 19:26.300 +time, it's so encouraging to hear about + +19:26.300 --> 19:28.840 +how our awareness is growing, to know that + +19:28.840 --> 19:31.480 +people are paying more and more attention + +19:31.480 --> 19:34.620 +to these issues. I agree. Their message + +19:34.620 --> 19:37.280 +makes me feel very hopeful too. But let's + +19:37.280 --> 19:39.060 +also build some scientific context around + +19:39.060 --> 19:40.600 +the stories we've been hearing and talk + +19:40.600 --> 19:42.020 +about what the changes have looked like at + +19:42.020 --> 19:45.140 +a global scale. Sure, definitely. So this + +19:45.140 --> 19:47.680 +past year was the second warmest year on + +19:47.680 --> 19:51.160 +record globally. And July of 2019 was the + +19:51.160 --> 19:55.380 +hottest month in California ever. Since + +19:55.380 --> 19:58.580 +that very first Earth Day in 1970, our + +19:58.580 --> 20:01.600 +atmospheric CO2 levels have increased by + +20:01.600 --> 20:05.420 +26%, and every year we reach a new record + +20:05.420 --> 20:08.320 +high. The human population has also grown + +20:08.320 --> 20:11.660 +from 3.7 billion people in 1970 to close + +20:11.660 --> 20:13.740 +to 8 billion today, thus greatly + +20:13.740 --> 20:15.860 +increasing our ability as a species to + +20:15.860 --> 20:17.600 +make a lasting impact on the world around + +20:17.600 --> 20:20.500 +us. Yeah, I think these numbers can be be + +20:20.500 --> 20:23.340 +really shocking. They are super important + +20:23.340 --> 20:25.740 +and they do a great job of highlighting + +20:25.740 --> 20:28.960 +big changes and trends. But I also + +20:28.960 --> 20:31.440 +understand that for many of us, they are + +20:31.440 --> 20:34.220 +just big numbers and percentages and they + +20:34.220 --> 20:37.120 +don't mean much on their own. But these + +20:37.120 --> 20:40.080 +big numbers are causing real changes here + +20:40.080 --> 20:42.880 +and now. These drastic changes we've heard + +20:42.880 --> 20:45.180 +a lot about, the way people's lives are + +20:45.180 --> 20:48.020 +being impacted today, that is what these + +20:48.020 --> 20:50.380 +numbers are telling us. You're completely + +20:50.380 --> 20:52.620 +right. What's most important is the issues + +20:52.620 --> 20:54.320 +that these climate conditions can cause + +20:54.320 --> 20:56.240 +for our communities as well as for our + +20:56.240 --> 20:58.660 +environment. Let's go ahead and turn + +20:58.660 --> 21:00.260 +things back over to our students and their + +21:00.260 --> 21:02.060 +interviewees to hear more about how these + +21:02.060 --> 21:04.420 +issues manifest in their lives and what we + +21:04.420 --> 21:07.120 +can do individually and as a society to + +21:07.120 --> 21:07.740 +address them. + +21:11.600 --> 21:13.880 +can you describe the most important + +21:13.880 --> 21:16.440 +environmental issue in your opinion and + +21:16.440 --> 21:21.440 +why it's important pollution the the + +21:21.440 --> 21:24.280 +carbon emissions from cars and everyone on + +21:24.280 --> 21:26.020 +the road rushing to get to where they are + +21:26.020 --> 21:30.080 +if you look at the coronavirus pandemic + +21:30.080 --> 21:33.340 +with everyone sheltering in pace you can + +21:33.340 --> 21:37.080 +see that la our area, the pollution has + +21:37.080 --> 21:40.140 +been cut back or cut down because nobody's + +21:40.140 --> 21:42.640 +on the road using their cars. To me, + +21:42.760 --> 21:47.760 +rising sea level is the most, I would say, + +21:47.800 --> 21:51.500 +important environmental issue because that + +21:51.500 --> 21:55.280 +is causing a lot of smaller islands + +21:55.280 --> 21:58.640 +getting submerged by the sea level rise. + +21:58.640 --> 22:02.180 +So people are losing their places to live + +22:02.180 --> 22:06.560 +and animals or like sea animals, they're + +22:06.560 --> 22:09.660 +having trouble in terms of the pollution + +22:09.660 --> 22:14.040 +in the ocean. I think climate change is so + +22:14.040 --> 22:17.020 +important, not just for us here in + +22:17.020 --> 22:19.200 +California, where we've seen these raging + +22:19.200 --> 22:22.780 +wildfires, but around the world. And it + +22:22.780 --> 22:26.660 +just enrages me that we have people who + +22:26.660 --> 22:30.400 +are naysayers and denying the science. if + +22:30.400 --> 22:32.940 +you just look at the shrinkage of the ice, + +22:33.020 --> 22:34.840 +the polar ice, and you just watch that. + +22:34.920 --> 22:36.600 +And then you see these pictures of the + +22:36.600 --> 22:39.300 +starving polar bears. I mean, if that + +22:39.300 --> 22:40.980 +doesn't move someone, I don't know what + +22:40.980 --> 22:42.560 +will. And that's just talking about the + +22:42.560 --> 22:44.280 +animal population. But then you think + +22:44.280 --> 22:46.720 +about all the floods we've been having and + +22:46.720 --> 22:50.060 +all the horrific extreme weather. It's all + +22:50.060 --> 22:51.900 +linked to climate change. And I don't + +22:51.900 --> 22:54.360 +understand why we're not able to get it + +22:54.360 --> 22:56.940 +together, especially as a country. The + +22:56.940 --> 22:59.580 +fact that that we took ourselves out of + +22:59.580 --> 23:01.600 +the international agreements is so + +23:01.600 --> 23:04.200 +embarrassing because we're supposed to be + +23:04.540 --> 23:07.040 +this leader of nations and we're not + +23:07.040 --> 23:09.720 +leading. I still don't see any clear + +23:09.720 --> 23:12.760 +action or a strong guide from government. + +23:13.240 --> 23:15.780 +It's just true that glaciers are melting + +23:15.780 --> 23:19.400 +every year due to global warming. All our + +23:19.400 --> 23:22.840 +animal habitats are destroyed. Also, it'll + +23:22.840 --> 23:25.860 +impact the ecosystem. If ecosystem is + +23:25.860 --> 23:28.080 +destroyed, Showing people that is safe, + +23:28.140 --> 23:31.220 +too. I'm really worried. Do you think that + +23:31.220 --> 23:33.740 +more public recognition from events like + +23:33.740 --> 23:35.500 +Earth Day has helped the climate improve? + +23:36.460 --> 23:40.900 +Yes, I do. The first Earth Day was a very + +23:40.900 --> 23:43.780 +big deal. I mean, I remember it very + +23:43.780 --> 23:46.320 +clearly. I was in college. I think that + +23:46.320 --> 23:48.840 +that's brought a lot of attention over the + +23:48.840 --> 23:51.420 +years, along with other measures. I come + +23:51.420 --> 23:54.080 +from a marketing background, and so I know + +23:54.080 --> 23:56.020 +it's very important to always get the word + +23:56.020 --> 23:59.020 +out so people really understand what the + +23:59.020 --> 24:02.920 +issues are. And so Earth Day, it's really + +24:02.920 --> 24:06.800 +a marketing ploy that brings attention to + +24:06.800 --> 24:09.100 +the issues. And I think it's very + +24:09.100 --> 24:10.360 +important because that's the way that you + +24:10.360 --> 24:12.060 +can communicate and hopefully get people + +24:12.060 --> 24:13.960 +involved in activities. activities. For + +24:13.960 --> 24:16.520 +instance, a typical Earth Day activity + +24:16.520 --> 24:18.460 +might be to go out and clean up the creeks + +24:18.460 --> 24:21.020 +or the beaches. And by people + +24:21.020 --> 24:23.140 +participating in this, I think it gives + +24:23.140 --> 24:25.820 +them a real hands-on experience as far as + +24:25.820 --> 24:28.960 +why it's important and what it is out + +24:28.960 --> 24:30.920 +there and how they can help. And that may + +24:30.920 --> 24:33.500 +make them expand their view beyond just + +24:33.500 --> 24:35.380 +that beach that they're cleaning up. I + +24:35.380 --> 24:39.260 +think it's a a piece of the whole puzzle. + +24:39.440 --> 24:42.360 +Nothing in life is, I think, just a one + +24:42.360 --> 24:46.700 +-shot deal. So when you say it takes a + +24:46.700 --> 24:50.820 +village to do something, I think that's a + +24:50.820 --> 24:53.040 +good analogy here, that it takes a + +24:53.040 --> 24:55.460 +village. So you need things on many + +24:55.460 --> 24:59.580 +different levels so that people will + +24:59.580 --> 25:02.380 +understand it on different levels, and + +25:02.380 --> 25:07.740 +that it can make an impact locally, + +25:08.560 --> 25:12.480 +statewide, federally, nationwide, and + +25:12.480 --> 25:14.640 +internationally. And so I think it's very + +25:14.640 --> 25:17.520 +important to have different pieces that + +25:17.520 --> 25:21.200 +are going to all work together to move the + +25:21.200 --> 25:25.380 +goals forward. Do you think that evolution + +25:25.380 --> 25:28.080 +in technology is doing more or less good + +25:28.080 --> 25:30.480 +for the environment? I'm divided in my + +25:30.480 --> 25:33.700 +opinion. I think, you know, I say humans + +25:33.700 --> 25:36.720 +are progressive. We are inquisitively + +25:36.720 --> 25:39.000 +curious. I think the technological + +25:39.000 --> 25:41.340 +progress that we are making is quite + +25:41.340 --> 25:44.840 +natural. And somehow we cannot prevent + +25:44.840 --> 25:48.300 +that. And that's how we as a human society + +25:48.300 --> 25:52.400 +evolved. But I'm also not here to deny the + +25:52.400 --> 25:54.480 +negative influence of technology that it + +25:54.480 --> 25:57.280 +has been. And in my own life, I can see + +25:57.280 --> 25:59.200 +that even within a family, Like, you know, + +25:59.200 --> 26:02.520 +the interactions that we have are + +26:02.520 --> 26:04.760 +tremendously influenced, you know, + +26:04.780 --> 26:07.240 +negative influence of technology. But I + +26:07.240 --> 26:09.180 +wouldn't say, you know, the solution is + +26:09.180 --> 26:12.120 +let's go back and do not use technology. + +26:12.420 --> 26:15.080 +Even the crisis that we are going through + +26:15.080 --> 26:18.220 +now because of the pandemic, we are all + +26:18.220 --> 26:23.640 +forced to be socially distant and be at + +26:23.640 --> 26:26.680 +home. and I think you know this is a time + +26:26.680 --> 26:30.880 +for us to reflect and slow down because we + +26:30.880 --> 26:32.880 +all think that you know we have to get so + +26:32.880 --> 26:35.260 +many things done but nothing would happen + +26:35.260 --> 26:39.200 +if we just slow down and relax at home one + +26:39.200 --> 26:41.160 +day and we should go in that direction + +26:41.160 --> 26:43.740 +it's not technology that is bad or good + +26:43.740 --> 26:45.960 +influence but you know it's it's we as + +26:45.960 --> 26:49.880 +humans who needs to think what is good for + +26:49.880 --> 26:52.400 +us and needs to balance them is that. Can + +26:52.400 --> 26:54.320 +you walk me through one action we can take + +26:54.320 --> 26:56.640 +to make a difference today? I think that + +26:56.640 --> 27:00.400 +pollution stems from overuse and waste. + +27:01.080 --> 27:04.620 +So, you know, like air pollution, you + +27:04.620 --> 27:07.640 +know, comes from the use of all the cars + +27:07.640 --> 27:09.580 +on the street, all these transportation, + +27:10.100 --> 27:13.860 +the factories, burning fuel, Water + +27:13.860 --> 27:17.040 +pollution comes from all the waste and + +27:17.040 --> 27:21.760 +trash and the plastics. So we can do a lot + +27:21.760 --> 27:25.500 +to decrease pollution by being more + +27:25.500 --> 27:28.820 +mindful of the waste that we generate. So + +27:28.820 --> 27:33.100 +recycling of things, not just recycling of + +27:33.100 --> 27:36.440 +water bottles and whatnot or containers, + +27:36.540 --> 27:40.000 +but really recycling of everyday products. + +27:40.000 --> 27:43.400 +Think about the iPhones that we keep + +27:43.400 --> 27:47.000 +having to update and upgrade and all the + +27:47.000 --> 27:50.580 +waste that's associated with that. Or just + +27:50.580 --> 27:53.820 +all the shoes and clothes that everyone + +27:53.820 --> 27:57.240 +needs to buy to be trendy. So I think + +27:57.240 --> 28:00.500 +that, you know, just cutting down on all + +28:00.500 --> 28:05.200 +these waste and all these basics can go a + +28:05.200 --> 28:09.860 +long way to cut down pollution. I remember + +28:09.860 --> 28:13.520 +being in Milan, Italy last year, and I saw + +28:13.520 --> 28:16.300 +that they are planting trees on the side + +28:16.300 --> 28:20.000 +of buildings and on the rooftop. So then + +28:20.000 --> 28:22.640 +even if they have to cut trees from the + +28:22.640 --> 28:25.080 +ground to build an apartment building or + +28:25.080 --> 28:29.280 +something else, then they make it up by + +28:29.280 --> 28:31.560 +planting trees on top or everywhere + +28:31.560 --> 28:36.240 +possible. And I think we can try to do + +28:36.240 --> 28:39.440 +that here. We can do more walking and + +28:39.440 --> 28:41.800 +bicycling to the grocery stores, walk to + +28:41.800 --> 28:43.480 +Safeway, things like that. We could do + +28:43.480 --> 28:45.300 +more of that instead of taking these short + +28:45.300 --> 28:47.480 +little trips because we want to make + +28:47.480 --> 28:49.940 +everything happen so quickly. And then we + +28:49.940 --> 28:51.520 +would have more time to look at the trees + +28:51.520 --> 28:52.940 +and the greenery and the cherry blossoms + +28:52.940 --> 28:55.740 +blooming. We need to change what we're + +28:55.740 --> 29:00.060 +doing now. I don't know how. That's what I + +29:00.060 --> 29:04.780 +have to have the scientists tell us. But I + +29:04.780 --> 29:06.540 +know there are things, you know, little + +29:06.540 --> 29:08.680 +things we can do. Like my daughter-in-law + +29:08.680 --> 29:11.380 +suggested that I use cloth napkins instead + +29:11.380 --> 29:15.340 +of paper. So I'm doing that to save on + +29:15.340 --> 29:17.980 +paper. And then I bought these rubber + +29:17.980 --> 29:20.060 +gizmos. I don't even know what you call + +29:20.060 --> 29:22.380 +them. They're leftovers that can be thrown + +29:22.380 --> 29:24.940 +in the dishwasher rather than using + +29:24.940 --> 29:28.360 +plastic wrap and baggies. + +29:30.340 --> 29:33.080 +and we've got to drink more water from the + +29:33.080 --> 29:35.800 +faucet. We just have to be more thoughtful + +29:35.800 --> 29:40.880 +about what we're doing and remember that + +29:40.880 --> 29:43.200 +it's not going to help the environment, so + +29:43.200 --> 29:47.000 +maybe choose something that would help the + +29:47.000 --> 29:50.980 +environment. I do think that each one of + +29:50.980 --> 29:55.080 +us carries a responsibility for what we + +29:55.080 --> 29:58.380 +can do to make a difference. so that's at + +29:58.380 --> 30:00.860 +our personal level but I think it's also + +30:00.860 --> 30:03.920 +very important for us to go up to the + +30:03.920 --> 30:06.020 +level beyond the individual and that would + +30:06.020 --> 30:08.360 +be to your city level and to work with + +30:08.360 --> 30:10.600 +your city city of Palo Alto for instance + +30:10.600 --> 30:14.020 +then beyond the the city I think it's very + +30:14.020 --> 30:15.780 +important to work at the county level the + +30:15.780 --> 30:17.580 +state level federal level and an + +30:17.580 --> 30:19.060 +international level so I think there's + +30:19.060 --> 30:21.400 +steps each place along the way and there + +30:21.400 --> 30:23.760 +has to be coordination especially at the + +30:23.760 --> 30:25.440 +international national level. Because if + +30:25.440 --> 30:29.280 +all countries are not trying to care for + +30:29.280 --> 30:32.660 +the ocean and what's happening there, then + +30:32.660 --> 30:36.680 +we're going to lose hundreds and thousands + +30:36.680 --> 30:39.560 +of species and plants and reefs and + +30:39.560 --> 30:42.640 +whatnot. Dear librarian, what role do you + +30:42.640 --> 30:45.240 +think libraries and reading can and should + +30:45.240 --> 30:47.280 +play in helping people learn about climate + +30:47.280 --> 30:49.320 +change and the environment? Oh, that's a + +30:49.320 --> 30:52.240 +good question. Yes, Yes, libraries really + +30:52.240 --> 30:55.500 +can do a lot for that because that's where + +30:55.500 --> 30:58.300 +you get information. You get help finding + +30:58.300 --> 31:00.940 +information about it. You have things that + +31:00.940 --> 31:03.300 +are presented to you in such a way that it + +31:03.300 --> 31:07.100 +encourages you to read more and do + +31:07.100 --> 31:08.960 +projects that are related to the + +31:08.960 --> 31:11.640 +environment. And all of that is something + +31:11.640 --> 31:13.900 +that librarians really promote. Not + +31:13.900 --> 31:16.180 +everything is available just on the + +31:16.180 --> 31:20.600 +internet without being taught how to + +31:20.600 --> 31:23.440 +decide whether something is factual or + +31:23.440 --> 31:27.220 +not. Librarians work very hard in trying + +31:27.220 --> 31:30.700 +to teach students how to be good consumers + +31:30.700 --> 31:32.920 +of information and how to decide what's + +31:32.920 --> 31:36.300 +fact and what is fiction. Is there + +31:36.300 --> 31:38.200 +anything important that you think kids my + +31:38.200 --> 31:40.080 +age need to know or do to make sure the + +31:40.080 --> 31:42.020 +environment keeps getting better? What + +31:42.020 --> 31:44.060 +advice would you have for me? You should + +31:44.060 --> 31:46.740 +probably look for information, and your + +31:46.740 --> 31:48.940 +librarians might be able to recommend + +31:48.940 --> 31:51.580 +things to you that would have to do with + +31:51.580 --> 31:54.920 +the environment. Reading books that are + +31:54.920 --> 31:58.820 +even fiction that take place in different + +31:58.820 --> 32:00.680 +environmental settings that you become + +32:00.680 --> 32:03.900 +more aware of it. But I think that doing + +32:03.900 --> 32:07.680 +projects where you have to research all + +32:07.680 --> 32:10.040 +different angles of an environmental + +32:10.040 --> 32:12.460 +problem are one of the most valuable you + +32:12.460 --> 32:14.660 +could do. I think everyone needs to be + +32:14.660 --> 32:17.100 +more mindful every day with everything + +32:17.100 --> 32:21.080 +that they do, whether or not the + +32:21.080 --> 32:23.980 +environment can be impacted by their + +32:23.980 --> 32:29.080 +actions and to be educated about what they + +32:29.080 --> 32:35.240 +can do and to constantly get information + +32:35.240 --> 32:37.520 +about what they can do to help the + +32:37.520 --> 32:40.340 +environment. And most important of all, + +32:40.460 --> 32:44.240 +not to be wasteful. I remember when I was + +32:44.240 --> 32:47.140 +a fourth grade teacher, we were, I had a + +32:47.140 --> 32:50.360 +unit on trash and we were weighing our + +32:50.360 --> 32:53.040 +trash. We were competing against another + +32:53.040 --> 32:54.900 +classroom to see who could have the least + +32:54.900 --> 32:56.500 +amount of trash. We had a trash free + +32:56.500 --> 32:58.740 +lunch. These are all things I think we + +32:58.740 --> 33:00.680 +definitely could implement at our school. + +33:00.860 --> 33:05.340 +And I know that when kids are educated, + +33:05.620 --> 33:09.440 +they educate their parents. So I remember, + +33:09.500 --> 33:11.740 +you know, the difference. My own kids + +33:11.740 --> 33:13.000 +would come home after learning something + +33:13.000 --> 33:15.420 +at school. Hey, we learned this in school. + +33:15.480 --> 33:17.440 +Like, oh my gosh, that's, thank you. + +33:17.560 --> 33:20.520 +That's, I think that's a great idea. So I + +33:20.520 --> 33:22.860 +really think that we can impact the change + +33:22.860 --> 33:25.360 +of the adults by starting with our own + +33:25.360 --> 33:27.640 +kids at our school. I would tell them to + +33:27.640 --> 33:30.920 +be thankful. Thankful for the planet we + +33:30.920 --> 33:34.420 +have, which is wonderful. And we cannot + +33:34.420 --> 33:38.100 +waste it anymore. And we are doing a very + +33:38.100 --> 33:42.000 +good job cutting trees, polluting beaches. + +33:42.600 --> 33:45.620 +You cannot change the world by yourself, + +33:45.840 --> 33:47.680 +but you can change, as I told you, your + +33:47.680 --> 33:51.400 +life. If everyone introduced in their + +33:51.400 --> 33:54.720 +lives environmental policies, things would + +33:54.720 --> 33:57.340 +get better. And we are seeing it today. + +33:57.600 --> 34:00.040 +Things have changed in two weeks of + +34:00.040 --> 34:03.420 +seclusion. What I would tell them is to + +34:03.420 --> 34:05.640 +take care of themselves, to take care of + +34:05.640 --> 34:08.300 +their families, to take care of the + +34:08.300 --> 34:11.660 +children, of the old people, being more + +34:11.660 --> 34:15.200 +aware of one another. If we do that, of + +34:15.200 --> 34:18.480 +course, we will also lead a responsible + +34:18.480 --> 34:21.920 +life regarding weather, pollution and + +34:21.920 --> 34:24.400 +everything you tell me. What we really + +34:24.400 --> 34:27.320 +need and desperately are values, values, + +34:27.500 --> 34:30.900 +values, values. I am very sure because I'm + +34:30.900 --> 34:33.540 +very optimistic that this situation that + +34:33.540 --> 34:36.260 +we are going through right now is going to + +34:36.260 --> 34:39.260 +change the way we lead our lives. Well, + +34:39.380 --> 34:41.360 +now I'm going to say something very + +34:41.360 --> 34:45.340 +philosophical. It's up to you guys of your + +34:45.340 --> 34:49.000 +generation. so i think the more people + +34:49.000 --> 34:52.420 +like you of your age get interested and + +34:52.420 --> 34:56.740 +really concerned with how to fix some of + +34:56.740 --> 34:59.200 +the problems the better the planet the + +34:59.200 --> 35:02.040 +better off planet will be and all of us + +35:02.040 --> 35:07.220 +living on it so i think that uh they are + +35:07.220 --> 35:09.900 +enough activists of my generation + +35:09.900 --> 35:13.260 +generation and enough activists of our + +35:13.260 --> 35:17.140 +host generation to work it all together. + +35:17.420 --> 35:19.820 +And yes, I think there is a huge, strong + +35:19.820 --> 35:24.280 +chance, especially after this pandemic + +35:24.280 --> 35:26.820 +that we're living in right now. I'm hoping + +35:26.820 --> 35:30.080 +that it will serve as an amazing lesson to + +35:30.080 --> 35:32.620 +how quickly we can actually stop doing + +35:32.620 --> 35:35.460 +wrong things and bad things, shut down all + +35:35.460 --> 35:38.200 +the factories that are emitting all the + +35:38.200 --> 35:40.960 +terrible gases and the air is cleaning + +35:40.960 --> 35:43.800 +within three weeks the waters are cleaning + +35:43.800 --> 35:46.520 +within two weeks in the rivers if people + +35:46.520 --> 35:50.240 +stop adding pollutants into it so I think + +35:50.240 --> 35:52.580 +the planet is ready to cooperate with us + +35:52.580 --> 35:56.240 +and I think if countries governments + +35:56.240 --> 35:59.160 +people like you like me and like people + +35:59.160 --> 36:02.560 +who are doing this radio program today if + +36:02.560 --> 36:04.620 +we're all get our minds together I think + +36:04.620 --> 36:06.100 +in 50 years we can have have a clean + +36:06.100 --> 36:06.520 +environment. + +36:12.820 --> 36:15.500 +Can I just say, I am so impressed with our + +36:15.500 --> 36:17.460 +student interviewers and the questions + +36:17.460 --> 36:19.920 +that they've come up with. I'm just really + +36:19.920 --> 36:21.960 +glad they're asking about lessons learned + +36:21.960 --> 36:25.300 +and for messages that these adults want to + +36:25.300 --> 36:27.600 +share with their generation. I completely + +36:27.600 --> 36:29.700 +agree. I think talking about these + +36:29.700 --> 36:31.000 +environmental issues can be really + +36:31.000 --> 36:33.140 +disheartening sometimes, times, so I'm so + +36:33.140 --> 36:34.880 +glad to see how forward-thinking both our + +36:34.880 --> 36:37.720 +students and our adults are. I'm also + +36:37.720 --> 36:39.560 +really excited to see them thinking of + +36:39.560 --> 36:41.260 +climate change as an intergenerational + +36:41.260 --> 36:43.380 +issue and finding ways to share knowledge + +36:43.380 --> 36:45.900 +with each other. So I think this is a + +36:45.900 --> 36:48.100 +great point to transition over to hearing + +36:48.100 --> 36:49.920 +from the kids and their perspectives on + +36:49.920 --> 36:52.420 +the environment. But first, I'd like to + +36:52.420 --> 36:53.740 +take a quick moment to share another + +36:53.740 --> 36:57.300 +announcement about the coronavirus. Second + +36:57.300 --> 36:59.420 +Harvest of Silicon has always been + +36:59.420 --> 37:01.200 +committed to the most vulnerable in our + +37:01.200 --> 37:04.220 +community. During the COVID-19 outbreak, + +37:04.420 --> 37:06.960 +with its related economic impacts, your + +37:06.960 --> 37:08.740 +neighbors need your help now more than + +37:08.740 --> 37:11.220 +ever. You can donate food or provide + +37:11.220 --> 37:14.220 +monetary assistance. And if you're in good + +37:14.220 --> 37:16.320 +health and not in a high-risk category, + +37:16.680 --> 37:19.120 +you can also volunteer to pre-box or + +37:19.120 --> 37:22.020 +distribute food to those in need. For more + +37:22.020 --> 37:25.680 +information on how to help, visit shfb + +37:25.680 --> 37:31.960 +.org. That's shfb.org or call 866-234 + +37:31.960 --> 37:33.700 +-3663. + +37:35.480 --> 37:38.080 +Yeah, thanks Lexi. So to start off, we + +37:38.080 --> 37:39.840 +asked the students what they want to be + +37:39.840 --> 37:42.060 +when they're older to get a sense of what + +37:42.060 --> 37:43.960 +they're interested in and what they care + +37:43.960 --> 37:47.200 +about. So now let's meet all the students + +37:47.200 --> 37:53.740 +we'll be talking to today. today um + +37:53.740 --> 37:57.080 +my dream or my the job that i want to be + +37:57.080 --> 38:00.060 +like when i get older is a doctor so i can + +38:00.060 --> 38:03.620 +help people like that is like struggling + +38:03.620 --> 38:06.860 +with whatever stuff so like to save + +38:06.860 --> 38:10.460 +people's life like more than even one + +38:10.460 --> 38:13.280 +because every person is like can do every + +38:13.280 --> 38:15.280 +something that is affected to everything + +38:15.280 --> 38:17.800 +things when I'm older I really want to be + +38:17.800 --> 38:21.620 +a psychologist because I find just the + +38:21.620 --> 38:24.700 +brains of people to be very interesting + +38:24.700 --> 38:28.040 +and it's just so crazy to think that there + +38:28.040 --> 38:30.860 +are scientific things going on in people's + +38:30.860 --> 38:32.940 +heads when they do things and say things + +38:32.940 --> 38:36.120 +and I want to help others without having + +38:36.120 --> 38:37.760 +to look at blood because I can't be a + +38:37.760 --> 38:41.180 +doctor architecture because I really like + +38:41.180 --> 38:45.040 +um the The way how all of that process + +38:45.040 --> 38:48.200 +involved in making these amazing buildings + +38:49.300 --> 38:52.820 +or these amazing houses or bridges. I + +38:52.820 --> 38:55.560 +think the process is really cool. I want + +38:55.560 --> 38:59.320 +to be a lawyer. This is funny, but arguing + +38:59.320 --> 39:01.220 +has always been one of my specialties. + +39:02.160 --> 39:05.260 +Actually, a lot of people say that. And I + +39:05.260 --> 39:08.600 +always found law very interesting. Either + +39:08.600 --> 39:11.940 +a doctor to help save lives. And + +39:11.940 --> 39:14.060 +especially the doctors now who are helping + +39:14.060 --> 39:16.120 +with the coronavirus. Those people really + +39:16.120 --> 39:18.740 +inspire me. But I would also want to be a + +39:18.740 --> 39:22.480 +computer engineer. Like most people, I'm + +39:22.480 --> 39:24.880 +not sure yet. But I know that I definitely + +39:24.880 --> 39:26.820 +want to keep dance in my life because + +39:26.820 --> 39:28.820 +that's a big part of my life. And I also + +39:28.820 --> 39:30.740 +want to do something either like related + +39:30.740 --> 39:32.840 +to the environment or like helping people. + +39:33.000 --> 39:35.580 +So I might become an environmentalist or + +39:35.580 --> 39:38.020 +like a scientist or something. And I also + +39:38.020 --> 39:40.740 +really enjoy math. so there's a lot of + +39:40.740 --> 39:41.900 +options but I definitely want to do + +39:41.900 --> 39:44.100 +something that helps people and our + +39:44.100 --> 39:47.160 +environment I honestly want in the + +39:47.160 --> 39:49.260 +beginning I always wanted to be a movie + +39:49.260 --> 39:51.780 +director but these days I actually want to + +39:51.780 --> 39:54.540 +be either a um someone working in the + +39:54.540 --> 39:56.740 +broadcast team because I actually feel + +39:56.740 --> 39:58.180 +like I'm really good at recording things + +39:58.180 --> 40:00.920 +or I want to be game designer because + +40:00.920 --> 40:04.620 +usually I have um some interesting ideas I + +40:04.620 --> 40:06.700 +don't know kind of an undecided but I + +40:06.700 --> 40:07.920 +would like to do something creative + +40:07.920 --> 40:10.380 +because like I really like to like sing + +40:10.380 --> 40:13.180 +and draw that kind of stuff even though + +40:13.180 --> 40:16.940 +it's kind of risky but I don't know. I + +40:16.940 --> 40:19.740 +want to be an architect because I want to + +40:19.740 --> 40:22.420 +I know that a lot of people need homes and + +40:22.420 --> 40:24.780 +I want to make sure everyone can find + +40:24.780 --> 40:27.680 +affordable affordable housing. I really + +40:27.680 --> 40:30.940 +enjoy working with animals so like I go + +40:30.940 --> 40:33.660 +out on the farm and all that like with + +40:33.660 --> 40:36.760 +horses especially and maybe like designer + +40:36.760 --> 40:40.700 +for animals like like not like clothes but + +40:40.700 --> 40:43.340 +like for horses for example like saddles + +40:43.340 --> 40:46.760 +and stuff like that I kind of like coding + +40:46.760 --> 40:49.880 +so potentially something related to coding + +40:49.880 --> 40:52.740 +or software development the way you can + +40:52.740 --> 40:55.080 +express what you want to do and make + +40:55.080 --> 40:59.660 +something that is your own? A job where I + +40:59.660 --> 41:02.980 +have power to make like decisions and + +41:02.980 --> 41:07.800 +impact because well I've grown up like in + +41:07.800 --> 41:10.100 +a place where like my parents were making + +41:10.100 --> 41:12.920 +decisions that impacted people and I think + +41:12.920 --> 41:14.760 +that I could really use that for the good. + +41:15.020 --> 41:17.160 +I definitely want to be something that + +41:17.160 --> 41:20.220 +like positively impacts people in the + +41:20.220 --> 41:23.740 +environment such as like a doctor or like + +41:23.740 --> 41:25.580 +a a scientist that studies the + +41:25.580 --> 41:26.060 +environment. + +41:31.740 --> 41:34.040 +These are some really cool kids who + +41:34.040 --> 41:35.860 +certainly aspire to make the world a + +41:35.860 --> 41:37.560 +better place in any way that they can. + +41:37.860 --> 41:39.580 +Yeah, they're such an awesome mix of + +41:39.580 --> 41:41.900 +interests, and they're all clearly very + +41:41.900 --> 41:44.640 +thoughtful and compassionate. I also think + +41:44.640 --> 41:46.760 +it's important for our listeners to know + +41:46.760 --> 41:49.400 +that these kids were not selected because + +41:49.400 --> 41:51.240 +they had extensive backgrounds in + +41:51.240 --> 41:53.660 +environmental science, but because they + +41:53.660 --> 41:55.640 +have a wide variety of interests ranging + +41:55.640 --> 41:58.900 +from sustainability to public speaking to + +41:58.900 --> 42:02.200 +audio production and journalism. That's + +42:02.200 --> 42:04.200 +right. Although we do have students who + +42:04.200 --> 42:05.360 +are involved in their school's + +42:05.360 --> 42:08.100 +environmentally focused club, we also have + +42:08.100 --> 42:09.640 +students from their broadcasting program + +42:09.640 --> 42:12.400 +and student leadership as well. They'll + +42:12.400 --> 42:13.620 +definitely bring some really cool + +42:13.620 --> 42:15.820 +perspectives to this conversation. So + +42:15.820 --> 42:17.060 +let's go ahead and dive into these + +42:17.060 --> 42:18.560 +interviews and hear what they have to say. + +42:23.900 --> 42:26.060 +Thank you all so much for agreeing to + +42:26.060 --> 42:27.800 +speak with us. And we're so excited to + +42:27.800 --> 42:29.480 +hear what you have to say about today's + +42:29.480 --> 42:31.540 +environmental issues and your visions for + +42:31.540 --> 42:34.000 +the future. But to start off, just so + +42:34.000 --> 42:36.180 +we're all on the same page, how would you + +42:36.180 --> 42:38.480 +define the environment? In other words, + +42:38.480 --> 42:40.460 +what does the environment mean to you? + +42:41.360 --> 42:43.940 +When I think about environment, I see like + +42:43.940 --> 42:48.160 +green and I see like trees and bushes and + +42:48.160 --> 42:51.400 +flowers. flowers, and I see it as like a + +42:51.400 --> 42:55.000 +pretty thing, I guess. I just think about + +42:55.000 --> 42:56.360 +like the earth when I think about + +42:56.360 --> 42:59.180 +environment and like saving it and helping + +42:59.180 --> 43:01.720 +it grow so the next generations can + +43:01.720 --> 43:05.460 +experience the earth we see. When I hear + +43:05.460 --> 43:07.840 +environment, I think a lot about nature. + +43:07.920 --> 43:10.840 +So I think about like trees and grass and + +43:10.840 --> 43:13.340 +so in the environment, some words that + +43:13.340 --> 43:16.620 +come to mind are rain, sun, but also Also + +43:16.620 --> 43:19.340 +things like climate change and drought. + +43:19.820 --> 43:22.580 +And so when I think of the environment, I + +43:22.580 --> 43:24.000 +just think of a lot of people trying to + +43:24.000 --> 43:27.060 +get together to improve something. And I + +43:27.060 --> 43:28.360 +know that there's a lot of ways to help + +43:28.360 --> 43:30.600 +the environment. And there's a lot of + +43:30.600 --> 43:31.920 +things that we're doing that have also + +43:31.920 --> 43:34.000 +impacted the environment negatively. It's + +43:34.000 --> 43:35.780 +something that we're all trying to make a + +43:35.780 --> 43:38.080 +better place. And I hope that we can do + +43:38.080 --> 43:42.140 +that. A huge place that people need to + +43:42.140 --> 43:45.200 +stay. Maybe it's kind of weird, But like + +43:45.200 --> 43:48.120 +we need the environment to like stay alive + +43:48.120 --> 43:50.420 +or like stay healthy. And like if we kind + +43:50.420 --> 43:52.520 +of destroy this, it just like make + +43:52.520 --> 43:55.020 +everything like crash into like multiple + +43:55.020 --> 43:58.080 +pieces and like make everything bad. So + +43:58.080 --> 44:02.980 +it's my home. It's where I live. So to see + +44:02.980 --> 44:04.980 +it kind of like crumble with all this + +44:04.980 --> 44:07.380 +pollution and all this plastic being + +44:07.380 --> 44:12.100 +littered, it really is sad. And what do + +44:12.100 --> 44:13.900 +you think of when you hear the term + +44:13.900 --> 44:17.340 +climate change? Climate change is like + +44:17.340 --> 44:20.140 +mainly human impact and what humans are + +44:20.140 --> 44:23.440 +doing to the environment, such as like + +44:23.440 --> 44:26.360 +burning fossil fuels. I mean, when I'm + +44:26.360 --> 44:29.080 +hearing climate change, I'm literally + +44:29.080 --> 44:31.240 +imagining a sun with like little + +44:31.240 --> 44:33.420 +sunglasses looking at the earth and + +44:33.420 --> 44:34.760 +getting closer and closer together. + +44:34.760 --> 44:37.240 +together then I think about icebergs and + +44:37.240 --> 44:38.960 +how they're melting and then the polar + +44:38.960 --> 44:41.160 +bears who are in those barren lands that + +44:41.160 --> 44:42.760 +don't have a lot of ice because all the + +44:42.760 --> 44:45.260 +icebergs are melting and then I start + +44:45.260 --> 44:47.420 +thinking of like greenhouses because of + +44:47.420 --> 44:50.100 +greenhouse gases and then I start thinking + +44:50.100 --> 44:51.880 +of cows because they produce the most + +44:51.880 --> 44:54.460 +greenhouse gases because methane and then + +44:54.460 --> 44:57.060 +I think of cars because pollution and + +44:57.060 --> 44:59.200 +there's all these things I start thinking + +44:59.200 --> 45:02.480 +of and then it just leads down to nothing. + +45:03.600 --> 45:08.040 +That's dark, but that's reality. It kind + +45:08.040 --> 45:10.440 +of makes me scared because like, if this + +45:10.440 --> 45:13.580 +problem just like, goes like further and + +45:13.580 --> 45:16.720 +further, I feel like I can't live in this + +45:16.720 --> 45:18.460 +environment right now. So I'm kind of + +45:18.460 --> 45:21.360 +scared right now. So and everyone's like + +45:21.360 --> 45:23.340 +talking, I'm going to unworry about it. So + +45:23.340 --> 45:25.920 +I'm like, kind of worried and scared every + +45:25.920 --> 45:28.640 +time I heard that word. Can you think of + +45:28.640 --> 45:30.800 +and describe to me a specific time when + +45:30.800 --> 45:32.500 +something that seemed related to climate + +45:32.500 --> 45:35.280 +change impacted your life? So in + +45:35.280 --> 45:40.640 +California recently, there have been some + +45:40.640 --> 45:43.680 +fires and pretty big ones, like really big + +45:43.680 --> 45:47.760 +wildfires. And that's due to how the + +45:47.760 --> 45:52.840 +increase of heat in our atmosphere. And it + +45:52.840 --> 45:55.120 +makes, if you have like dried out grass, + +45:55.340 --> 45:57.100 +it can maybe like start fires and it can + +45:57.100 --> 46:00.060 +destroy so much and contaminate people's + +46:00.060 --> 46:03.320 +homes. and it's really sad because it's + +46:03.320 --> 46:07.880 +really destructive. That was a really big + +46:07.880 --> 46:10.120 +moment to a lot of people. Something that + +46:10.120 --> 46:12.580 +really impacted me, one where there were + +46:12.580 --> 46:15.240 +the fires in North California because I + +46:15.240 --> 46:18.100 +remember at school, we would always smell + +46:18.100 --> 46:21.680 +smoke everywhere and then we had to have + +46:21.680 --> 46:25.320 +the power shut off and also something that + +46:25.320 --> 46:28.840 +didn't necessarily impact me, but I've + +46:28.840 --> 46:31.880 +heard a lot about the fires in Australia. + +46:32.680 --> 46:35.620 +And then so like, I really feel for like + +46:35.620 --> 46:38.360 +the people and the animals that had to go + +46:38.360 --> 46:40.840 +through that. Only when I got to Korea + +46:40.840 --> 46:43.020 +that far I feel like it affects me. Like I + +46:43.020 --> 46:44.940 +said, there's so much yellow dust going + +46:44.940 --> 46:48.540 +around. This is something about factories + +46:48.540 --> 46:52.280 +producing too much smoke and dust are + +46:52.280 --> 46:55.520 +blowing into Korea. Yeah, so we have to + +46:55.520 --> 46:58.280 +suffer because some factories are putting + +46:58.280 --> 47:03.000 +their smoke into our country. I think I + +47:03.000 --> 47:06.240 +hear a lot about what's kind of going on + +47:06.240 --> 47:08.720 +in the environmental field and + +47:08.720 --> 47:11.320 +specifically in the realm of climate + +47:11.320 --> 47:14.920 +change. And I've heard people become less + +47:14.920 --> 47:20.480 +and less optimistic over time. Just in + +47:20.480 --> 47:21.240 +general, yeah. + +47:27.420 --> 47:29.720 +For those of you that are just joining us, + +47:29.840 --> 47:32.140 +you are listening to the Happy Birthday + +47:32.140 --> 47:35.680 +Earth Day 50th Anniversary Special on KCSU + +47:35.680 --> 47:40.960 +Stanford 90.1. We just heard from 13 + +47:40.960 --> 47:42.780 +middle school students about the ways in + +47:42.780 --> 47:44.520 +which climate change has influenced their + +47:44.520 --> 47:46.460 +lives. But what I found particularly + +47:46.460 --> 47:48.640 +striking about this conversation was how + +47:48.640 --> 47:50.540 +much the students were aware of not only + +47:50.540 --> 47:52.900 +climate change's impact on themselves, but + +47:52.900 --> 47:55.820 +also on their community at large. Yeah, I + +47:55.820 --> 47:58.020 +agree. They're picking up on so many + +47:58.020 --> 48:00.880 +nuanced and complex issues. It feels like + +48:00.880 --> 48:03.000 +adults sometimes underestimate young + +48:03.000 --> 48:05.240 +people and their ability to see the bigger + +48:05.240 --> 48:08.320 +picture. But hearing about how they see + +48:08.320 --> 48:10.620 +climate change has really shown me how + +48:10.620 --> 48:13.400 +incredibly perceptive and capable they + +48:13.400 --> 48:17.960 +really are. That's right, and I think it's + +48:17.960 --> 48:20.100 +super important to recognize because they + +48:20.100 --> 48:21.760 +will be shaping the future of our planet. + +48:22.220 --> 48:23.680 +Let's hear a little more from them about + +48:23.680 --> 48:25.160 +what they expect the world will look like + +48:25.160 --> 48:27.060 +at the 100th anniversary of Earth Day. + +48:32.700 --> 48:35.280 +As you know, this year is the 50th + +48:35.280 --> 48:37.200 +anniversary of Earth Day, and the + +48:37.200 --> 48:39.200 +environment has changed in a number of + +48:39.200 --> 48:42.320 +ways since that very first one. So let's + +48:42.320 --> 48:45.300 +imagine 50 years from now. Really take a + +48:45.300 --> 48:47.660 +minute to imagine that. You'll be just + +48:47.660 --> 48:50.520 +over 60 years old. You may have a partner, + +48:50.700 --> 48:53.900 +children of your own. You might be doctors + +48:53.900 --> 48:57.520 +and architects, environmentalists. Think + +48:57.520 --> 48:59.320 +about what the world might look like then. + +48:59.960 --> 49:02.180 +What can you imagine the environment will + +49:02.180 --> 49:04.080 +be like? What do you think will have + +49:04.080 --> 49:06.300 +changed and what will have stayed the + +49:06.300 --> 49:10.780 +same? our impact on the earth could go two + +49:10.780 --> 49:14.320 +ways one is that like if we continue this + +49:14.320 --> 49:16.900 +path that we're going in the earth will + +49:16.900 --> 49:21.700 +definitely like not thrive but however um + +49:21.700 --> 49:24.720 +if we make a bunch of little changes and + +49:24.720 --> 49:27.700 +we like change our lifestyle and how we + +49:27.700 --> 49:32.900 +live then the earth will definitely like + +49:32.900 --> 49:36.520 +like stay the same or even like go back to + +49:36.520 --> 49:40.100 +how like it was like years prior but like + +49:40.100 --> 49:43.260 +as I said before if like we continue this + +49:43.260 --> 49:45.980 +path that we're going through now like + +49:45.980 --> 49:48.460 +we're like burning so many fossil fuels + +49:48.460 --> 49:51.720 +and like driving everywhere and like um + +49:51.720 --> 49:55.860 +and like wasting so much food and and + +49:55.860 --> 49:58.540 +things and that will definitely drive the + +49:58.540 --> 50:03.060 +earth to like not um be how it is now and + +50:03.060 --> 50:06.420 +how it was before although i would like + +50:06.420 --> 50:09.420 +everyone to like make a change it doesn't + +50:09.420 --> 50:12.340 +seem like it's happening right now the + +50:12.340 --> 50:14.240 +thing that most looks most likely + +50:14.240 --> 50:17.660 +currently is that um it will continue + +50:17.660 --> 50:21.580 +moving in this path and the earth won't + +50:21.580 --> 50:21.980 +survive + +50:24.980 --> 50:29.460 +I feel like the grass isn't going to be as + +50:29.460 --> 50:32.660 +green technology is going to like take + +50:32.660 --> 50:36.140 +over I feel like now people are starting + +50:36.140 --> 50:38.060 +to figure out like more about the + +50:38.060 --> 50:39.480 +environment they're trying to help it more + +50:39.480 --> 50:42.860 +so I think that with more buildings and + +50:42.860 --> 50:45.220 +everything happening I think that people + +50:45.220 --> 50:47.700 +more people will start to like help out so + +50:47.700 --> 50:50.700 +we can have a good balance of both things + +50:50.700 --> 50:53.640 +and I think that if more and more people + +50:53.640 --> 50:55.480 +come together and try to help the + +50:55.480 --> 50:57.480 +environment we can make a big difference + +50:57.480 --> 50:59.880 +and in 50 years we can have helped the + +50:59.880 --> 51:02.400 +environment while still developing our + +51:02.400 --> 51:06.020 +economy but not like ruining the + +51:06.020 --> 51:07.680 +environment in a way. It would probably + +51:07.680 --> 51:10.140 +get worse before it gets better so + +51:10.140 --> 51:12.040 +probably there There would be higher sea + +51:12.040 --> 51:14.160 +levels. There would have been more fires, + +51:14.160 --> 51:16.160 +more deforestation, but then it will have + +51:16.160 --> 51:18.640 +started. Hopefully it will be better by + +51:18.640 --> 51:21.420 +then. There will be less plastic in the + +51:21.420 --> 51:24.060 +ocean. The temperatures will start going + +51:24.060 --> 51:26.860 +down. We'll stop burning so much fossil + +51:26.860 --> 51:31.500 +fuels. Probably once it starts actually + +51:31.500 --> 51:34.460 +affecting the people who have power to + +51:34.460 --> 51:38.120 +make the changes that will stop it getting + +51:38.120 --> 51:39.960 +worse, Once it actually starts affecting + +51:39.960 --> 51:43.820 +those people, then it will likely start + +51:43.820 --> 51:45.640 +getting better. Once it starts affecting + +51:45.640 --> 51:47.100 +the people who have power. + +51:53.780 --> 51:55.900 +It sounds to me like they are really aware + +51:55.900 --> 51:57.880 +of how decisions made right now will + +51:57.880 --> 51:59.300 +dramatically influence what the world + +51:59.300 --> 52:01.600 +looks like in the future. That we are at a + +52:01.600 --> 52:03.320 +turning point and that we need to have a + +52:03.320 --> 52:06.480 +plan of action. Definitely. So let's hear + +52:06.480 --> 52:08.320 +more about what they see as the biggest + +52:08.320 --> 52:11.640 +environmental threats and about how we can + +52:11.640 --> 52:12.320 +overcome them. + +52:17.700 --> 52:19.700 +Can you describe what you think is the + +52:19.700 --> 52:21.560 +most important environmental issue facing + +52:21.560 --> 52:23.820 +our society today, in your opinion, and + +52:23.820 --> 52:27.400 +why it's important? I find that global + +52:27.400 --> 52:30.360 +warming is a main problem, problem mainly + +52:30.360 --> 52:33.300 +because um the glaciers are melting um + +52:33.300 --> 52:36.300 +well if the glaciers melt um we'll + +52:36.300 --> 52:38.860 +probably all flooded like i said anything + +52:38.860 --> 52:41.860 +that um any diseases or anything really + +52:41.860 --> 52:44.680 +terrifying um is in the glacier might come + +52:44.680 --> 52:46.820 +out who knows what's in those glaciers we + +52:46.820 --> 52:49.100 +haven't explored them yet so if they do + +52:49.100 --> 52:51.980 +melt then um you'll make your jobs of + +52:51.980 --> 52:54.300 +finding what's in there easier in a bad + +52:54.300 --> 52:59.940 +way um i think that it's uh air pollution + +52:59.940 --> 53:04.060 +because like it's something that impacts + +53:04.060 --> 53:06.060 +every single one of us that are on this + +53:06.060 --> 53:08.940 +earth right now and it's been impacting us + +53:08.940 --> 53:11.300 +but i think it would grow and it wouldn't + +53:11.300 --> 53:13.500 +just impact some people it'd impact the + +53:13.500 --> 53:18.100 +world as a whole um i think like plastic + +53:18.100 --> 53:20.140 +and trash issues that are like one of the + +53:20.140 --> 53:23.220 +most hardest problems to fix or like + +53:23.220 --> 53:24.780 +problems that we're facing that is + +53:24.780 --> 53:29.220 +difficult because like recycling and like + +53:29.220 --> 53:30.840 +plastic and other stuff we can do + +53:30.840 --> 53:32.820 +something with it but people are not like + +53:32.820 --> 53:35.540 +maybe they're like trying but we're not + +53:35.540 --> 53:38.540 +we're not doing that well like a good job + +53:38.540 --> 53:41.060 +right now so I read an article about trash + +53:41.060 --> 53:43.720 +and there's like huge like mountains of + +53:43.720 --> 53:46.640 +trash and like near the ocean or the bay + +53:46.640 --> 53:49.020 +or something and like that's affecting our + +53:49.020 --> 53:51.560 +environment a lot and I got like really + +53:51.560 --> 53:53.520 +scared because like I didn't know about + +53:53.520 --> 53:56.120 +trash because I'm throwing in the trash + +53:56.120 --> 53:59.440 +and like if I see other people are doing + +53:59.440 --> 54:02.880 +like this I feel like oh maybe I need to + +54:02.880 --> 54:05.940 +do a better job or do something for to + +54:05.940 --> 54:09.600 +make them rethink about what how the trash + +54:09.600 --> 54:11.820 +and plastics are destroying the + +54:11.820 --> 54:16.000 +environment the amount of plastic that are + +54:16.000 --> 54:18.900 +is like in the world right now because + +54:18.900 --> 54:24.120 +plastic just well in order to make plastic + +54:24.120 --> 54:27.000 +you also like have to reduce a lot of + +54:27.000 --> 54:29.720 +chemicals into the atmosphere which + +54:29.720 --> 54:32.060 +worsens it and plastic can't be like + +54:32.060 --> 54:35.800 +broken down for a very long time and like + +54:35.800 --> 54:38.500 +it's going to take a lot of years so it + +54:38.500 --> 54:40.700 +just lays there in the ocean and + +54:40.700 --> 54:46.300 +eventually the ocean will just like be + +54:46.300 --> 54:48.320 +filled with a lot of plastic. It already + +54:48.320 --> 54:51.880 +is, but if it continues to be like this, + +54:51.940 --> 54:54.400 +it's going to like be made of plastic + +54:54.400 --> 54:57.940 +almost-ish. So really plastic is the main + +54:57.940 --> 55:01.260 +thing I'm focusing on because it comes in + +55:01.260 --> 55:04.340 +a lot of packages and so many people don't + +55:04.340 --> 55:06.680 +just like throw it on the floor, throw it + +55:06.680 --> 55:09.160 +at the beach. A lot of beaches you just + +55:09.160 --> 55:10.980 +see a little plastic, but at this beach I + +55:10.980 --> 55:13.520 +went to, it was just so much plastic. + +55:14.000 --> 55:16.960 +Actually walking on plastic, like that was + +55:16.960 --> 55:21.880 +a whole different story. Trash. Filling up + +55:21.880 --> 55:24.580 +our earth with landfills when, you know, + +55:24.640 --> 55:27.440 +space is finite. We're eventually going to + +55:27.440 --> 55:30.580 +run out. So I always just wonder what I'm + +55:30.580 --> 55:33.680 +going to do then, you know. Live on the + +55:33.680 --> 55:37.660 +same planet, right? We're killing it. You + +55:37.660 --> 55:39.900 +know, again, trash is bad for the + +55:39.900 --> 55:42.780 +environment. We have to destroy forests to + +55:42.780 --> 55:45.380 +make way for landfills. And obviously, + +55:45.520 --> 55:47.120 +another problem is with the more forests + +55:47.120 --> 55:48.480 +you destroy, the less oxygen we're + +55:48.480 --> 55:50.280 +getting. Because, you know, plants and + +55:50.280 --> 55:53.580 +trees transfer CO2 to oxygen. And, you + +55:53.580 --> 55:57.460 +know, we breathe oxygen. Now, walk me + +55:57.460 --> 55:59.840 +through an action that we can take to + +55:59.840 --> 56:02.740 +address some of those issues. choose um + +56:02.740 --> 56:05.380 +this may be like really simple and like + +56:05.380 --> 56:08.220 +people are taught to but like just like + +56:08.220 --> 56:12.960 +split or try not to use trash because if + +56:12.960 --> 56:15.220 +we use like recyclable water bottle or + +56:15.220 --> 56:17.920 +like container or stuff that like amount + +56:17.920 --> 56:20.620 +of plastic can be reduced like a lot well + +56:20.620 --> 56:24.760 +you can for sure reuse stuff that are + +56:24.760 --> 56:28.340 +plastic or even not. I've always, I like + +56:28.340 --> 56:30.900 +use public transportation a lot. And I + +56:30.900 --> 56:33.980 +think that like, like that's just a really + +56:33.980 --> 56:36.860 +easy way that we can help out use public + +56:36.860 --> 56:39.080 +transportation because not only is it + +56:39.080 --> 56:40.380 +going to help the environment, but like + +56:40.380 --> 56:42.560 +we've become so disconnected in this + +56:42.560 --> 56:43.920 +world. I feel like it could bring us + +56:43.920 --> 56:46.300 +together more. And also like the + +56:46.300 --> 56:48.860 +experiences that happen when you're with + +56:48.860 --> 56:51.780 +other people really shapes who you are. I + +56:51.780 --> 56:54.980 +feel like if we all planted more trees in + +56:54.980 --> 56:57.120 +our neighborhoods or in local parks, that + +56:57.120 --> 57:00.440 +would be really helpful. And if there's + +57:00.440 --> 57:02.940 +like any bills that could be passed, I'm + +57:02.940 --> 57:04.500 +sure there are a lot of proposed bills. + +57:04.500 --> 57:07.980 +and then honestly just reducing shower + +57:07.980 --> 57:12.240 +times and like just trying to use solar + +57:12.240 --> 57:15.100 +panels or like wind-powered things to just + +57:15.100 --> 57:18.100 +use less of like the electrical like fuels + +57:18.100 --> 57:20.300 +I feel like that would definitely be + +57:20.300 --> 57:23.740 +useful more hybrid cars and electric cars + +57:23.740 --> 57:27.340 +you just need to just like make people + +57:27.340 --> 57:30.900 +feel like it's important to save the + +57:30.900 --> 57:32.720 +environment I mean people love a good + +57:32.720 --> 57:34.460 +bargain so anything that That would help + +57:34.460 --> 57:36.220 +them save money, whether that's lowered + +57:36.220 --> 57:37.920 +tax rates because they have an electric + +57:37.920 --> 57:41.840 +car or if they get some sort of like tax + +57:41.840 --> 57:45.180 +refund because they planted a tree. I + +57:45.180 --> 57:48.100 +think that everyone can just take a bunch + +57:48.100 --> 57:52.480 +of like small steps towards the issue. For + +57:52.480 --> 57:55.300 +example, choosing to walk or bike or like + +57:55.300 --> 57:59.200 +scooter rather than driving somewhere and + +57:59.200 --> 58:01.820 +just being mindful of like everything that + +58:01.820 --> 58:05.900 +you do before you do it. So I know there's + +58:05.900 --> 58:07.660 +a lot to be worried about, and you may be + +58:07.660 --> 58:09.460 +feeling that especially right now with the + +58:09.460 --> 58:12.020 +coronavirus pandemic. But one thing that + +58:12.020 --> 58:13.920 +we're really interested in as people who + +58:13.920 --> 58:15.740 +work on environmental issues is what makes + +58:15.740 --> 58:18.040 +people hopeful, what makes people believe + +58:18.040 --> 58:19.480 +that there will be a better future ahead. + +58:19.900 --> 58:22.260 +So to that end, what makes you hopeful for + +58:22.260 --> 58:23.860 +the future of the environment and why? + +58:25.800 --> 58:30.440 +Honestly, because if you don't hope, then + +58:30.440 --> 58:34.780 +what is there to be? I mean, if you're not + +58:34.780 --> 58:35.920 +hoping that things are going to get + +58:35.920 --> 58:37.160 +better, things just aren't going to get + +58:37.160 --> 58:38.540 +better because you're not actively doing + +58:38.540 --> 58:41.160 +something against it. Even if it is just + +58:41.160 --> 58:43.240 +recycling, you're obviously hoping that + +58:43.240 --> 58:46.480 +you're going to make a difference. The + +58:46.480 --> 58:49.780 +little things that everyone does. The + +58:49.780 --> 58:53.280 +plants growing, even though we've had + +58:53.280 --> 58:57.360 +challenges and destruction in our earth, + +58:57.500 --> 59:01.120 +makes me hopeful. that they'll continue to + +59:01.120 --> 59:06.280 +keep growing for the next generations. How + +59:06.280 --> 59:09.140 +awareness has spread, as well as the + +59:09.140 --> 59:12.320 +younger generation has really seen the + +59:12.320 --> 59:16.460 +evolution of how the problem has been + +59:16.460 --> 59:19.160 +impacting us. So I think that we'd be more + +59:19.160 --> 59:21.720 +inspired and more driven to solve this + +59:21.720 --> 59:23.700 +problem. And I think that's what is really + +59:23.700 --> 59:27.980 +giving hope to me. electric cars in recent + +59:27.980 --> 59:31.520 +years have sort of boomed there's they + +59:31.520 --> 59:33.580 +went from being maybe like five or ten + +59:33.580 --> 59:36.700 +years ago like a handful that had a very + +59:36.700 --> 59:39.220 +short range and weren't very popular and + +59:39.220 --> 59:42.300 +now tons of brands are coming out with + +59:42.300 --> 59:45.420 +their electric cars and electric cars i'm + +59:45.420 --> 59:47.260 +seeing more and more of them on the street + +59:47.260 --> 59:51.320 +i mean i think people like elon musk who + +59:51.320 --> 59:55.200 +are working towards having a better or + +59:55.200 --> 59:58.820 +future for the earth. So he made Teslas, + +59:58.820 --> 01:00:01.880 +like electric cars, not sponsored. That + +01:00:01.880 --> 01:00:04.420 +makes me really hopeful because I'm sure + +01:00:04.420 --> 01:00:06.060 +there are all these people in colleges + +01:00:06.060 --> 01:00:07.840 +right now who are trying to be the next + +01:00:07.840 --> 01:00:10.760 +Elon Musk. I know that there will just be + +01:00:10.760 --> 01:00:12.320 +more and more of those people, which means + +01:00:12.320 --> 01:00:14.700 +more and more solutions to these giant + +01:00:14.700 --> 01:00:16.920 +problems. That people are like releasing + +01:00:16.920 --> 01:00:20.860 +these animals that have been injured by + +01:00:20.860 --> 01:00:24.980 +plastic or oil. it makes me feel good that + +01:00:24.980 --> 01:00:27.720 +people here still have a heart so it gives + +01:00:27.720 --> 01:00:30.580 +me a little hope that maybe we can still + +01:00:30.580 --> 01:00:34.680 +do it well right now schools are really + +01:00:34.680 --> 01:00:36.980 +like teaching more about the problems and + +01:00:36.980 --> 01:00:39.220 +that's better so the students will + +01:00:39.220 --> 01:00:41.660 +probably like understand at least most of + +01:00:41.660 --> 01:00:44.400 +them and they'll probably do something at + +01:00:44.400 --> 01:00:47.720 +least to help the environment when there + +01:00:47.720 --> 01:00:50.180 +used to be school well until all this + +01:00:50.180 --> 01:00:53.600 +pandemic oh I would always bike around the + +01:00:53.600 --> 01:00:56.620 +same time to school and near Goodwill I + +01:00:56.620 --> 01:01:01.500 +would always see an like a lady more on + +01:01:01.500 --> 01:01:06.760 +the old side and every single morning she + +01:01:06.760 --> 01:01:08.980 +would wake up early and go and collect + +01:01:08.980 --> 01:01:12.080 +trash around Goodwill like whenever I saw + +01:01:12.080 --> 01:01:13.500 +her I would always say good good morning + +01:01:13.500 --> 01:01:16.100 +and I was like I was so happy like when I + +01:01:16.100 --> 01:01:18.880 +saw her because every single day she went + +01:01:18.880 --> 01:01:21.520 +out it was hard sometimes it was raining + +01:01:21.520 --> 01:01:23.960 +but she always collected at least a bag of + +01:01:23.960 --> 01:01:26.780 +trash in the morning if I at least like + +01:01:26.780 --> 01:01:29.980 +see someone trying to help an environment + +01:01:29.980 --> 01:01:32.880 +it does like really make me like huge hope + +01:01:32.880 --> 01:01:35.700 +that like oh there's at least some person + +01:01:35.700 --> 01:01:38.200 +like one person that's helping the + +01:01:38.200 --> 01:01:40.360 +environment if there's like more people + +01:01:40.360 --> 01:01:43.000 +just like try to help the environment. I + +01:01:43.000 --> 01:01:45.300 +think lots of people really think strongly + +01:01:45.300 --> 01:01:47.960 +about this and if they all just keep + +01:01:47.960 --> 01:01:51.720 +persisting maybe many others will also + +01:01:52.980 --> 01:01:56.960 +contribute to these ideas and thoughts. I + +01:01:56.960 --> 01:02:00.100 +see a lot of people coming together to do + +01:02:00.100 --> 01:02:01.680 +the right thing that makes me hopeful + +01:02:01.680 --> 01:02:04.760 +because it shows that people like do care + +01:02:04.760 --> 01:02:06.580 +about our environment and they They want + +01:02:06.580 --> 01:02:08.880 +us to live in the best place that we can, + +01:02:09.020 --> 01:02:11.460 +and they're doing their part. And I think + +01:02:11.460 --> 01:02:13.680 +that also when you see people doing their + +01:02:13.680 --> 01:02:15.340 +part, it makes you want to do your part. + +01:02:15.600 --> 01:02:17.780 +And then it just like builds this + +01:02:17.780 --> 01:02:20.400 +community of people doing the best that + +01:02:20.400 --> 01:02:22.180 +they can to preserve everything they can. + +01:02:22.360 --> 01:02:24.320 +I know this happens to me all the time, + +01:02:24.340 --> 01:02:26.220 +and it's kind of off topic. My grandma + +01:02:26.220 --> 01:02:28.980 +loves to keep the sink on, like on dirty + +01:02:28.980 --> 01:02:31.000 +dishes, and I always tell her to stop. And + +01:02:31.000 --> 01:02:33.060 +even like little things like that are + +01:02:33.060 --> 01:02:34.640 +helping the environment because it's not + +01:02:34.640 --> 01:02:38.440 +wasting water. and when I do it it gives + +01:02:38.440 --> 01:02:40.920 +me hope because I'm showing that I care + +01:02:40.920 --> 01:02:42.560 +and that also gives me hope that more and + +01:02:42.560 --> 01:02:44.200 +more people will start to do it and then + +01:02:44.200 --> 01:02:45.760 +we can make an even bigger difference. + +01:02:47.820 --> 01:02:51.180 +Well every year I invite you a new edition + +01:02:51.180 --> 01:02:55.380 +of a Times recap or something basically it + +01:02:55.380 --> 01:02:57.340 +tells every single thing that happens last + +01:02:57.340 --> 01:02:59.660 +year. I usually look back and try looking + +01:02:59.660 --> 01:03:03.160 +at everything that happened during global + +01:03:03.160 --> 01:03:06.100 +warming. Sometimes it will be bad, like, I + +01:03:06.100 --> 01:03:08.720 +don't know. The one I'm reading right now + +01:03:08.720 --> 01:03:12.080 +said that the glaciers have two giant + +01:03:12.080 --> 01:03:15.740 +chunks have fallen off the glacier. So + +01:03:15.740 --> 01:03:18.620 +that shows that's going closer to global + +01:03:18.620 --> 01:03:21.620 +warming and is taking place. That part + +01:03:21.620 --> 01:03:24.060 +kind of creeps me out. But also I found + +01:03:24.060 --> 01:03:27.700 +other good news, like people in British + +01:03:27.700 --> 01:03:29.720 +are actually now complaining about the + +01:03:29.720 --> 01:03:32.060 +global warming. School students in high + +01:03:32.060 --> 01:03:33.900 +school are taking part and started + +01:03:33.900 --> 01:03:37.960 +rallying in the streets in 2019. I find + +01:03:37.960 --> 01:03:42.000 +that more people are being more aware of + +01:03:42.000 --> 01:03:45.340 +global warming. Actually, that itself + +01:03:45.340 --> 01:03:46.960 +gives me hope that people are not trying + +01:03:46.960 --> 01:03:49.460 +to take action and that some people are + +01:03:49.460 --> 01:03:52.100 +standing up to the people who are actually + +01:03:52.100 --> 01:03:56.200 +causing all this trouble. That part gives + +01:03:56.200 --> 01:03:57.180 +me hope. + +01:04:00.500 --> 01:04:03.420 +It makes me hopeful that there's a whole + +01:04:03.420 --> 01:04:06.340 +new generation. And if they grow up + +01:04:06.340 --> 01:04:09.100 +hearing this message over and over, then + +01:04:09.100 --> 01:04:12.240 +it will get wired into their brain. And + +01:04:12.240 --> 01:04:14.140 +hopefully it'll become something they care + +01:04:14.140 --> 01:04:17.520 +about. And I'll try really hard to help + +01:04:17.520 --> 01:04:19.960 +our earth get better. I know it's + +01:04:19.960 --> 01:04:22.060 +sometimes hard to imagine that young + +01:04:22.060 --> 01:04:24.440 +people can make a difference, but being + +01:04:24.440 --> 01:04:27.240 +creative, what do you think people your + +01:04:27.240 --> 01:04:29.820 +age can do to help ensure that the world + +01:04:29.820 --> 01:04:33.380 +will be better 5, 10, 15 years in the + +01:04:33.380 --> 01:04:35.160 +future, especially when we're talking + +01:04:35.160 --> 01:04:39.780 +about the environment? well we could just + +01:04:39.780 --> 01:04:43.280 +talk small pick up trash that um people + +01:04:43.280 --> 01:04:45.800 +like students from school have left and + +01:04:45.800 --> 01:04:49.540 +threw away and on the floor pick it up and + +01:04:49.540 --> 01:04:52.540 +tell them that you shouldn't do that small + +01:04:52.540 --> 01:04:56.580 +things right um recycle don't mix up trash + +01:04:56.580 --> 01:04:59.840 +with their cycle just honestly basic + +01:04:59.840 --> 01:05:02.300 +research can go a long way right you know + +01:05:02.300 --> 01:05:03.600 +what to recycle you're not going to put + +01:05:03.600 --> 01:05:05.540 +trash in the recycle we should just go + +01:05:05.540 --> 01:05:09.240 +waste right uh and then again just being + +01:05:09.240 --> 01:05:10.680 +informed when you're a kid so you know + +01:05:10.680 --> 01:05:12.300 +what to do when you're an adult right like + +01:05:12.300 --> 01:05:15.060 +maybe when you're not when you're an adult + +01:05:15.060 --> 01:05:17.300 +not all cars would be electric but you + +01:05:17.300 --> 01:05:19.040 +obviously know the problem so maybe you + +01:05:19.040 --> 01:05:21.460 +would lean towards an electric car if you + +01:05:21.460 --> 01:05:26.440 +again can you know get one well they can + +01:05:26.440 --> 01:05:29.520 +for sure like reuse plastic and like maybe + +01:05:29.520 --> 01:05:33.700 +i think they can also So at least try to + +01:05:33.700 --> 01:05:37.580 +buy less plastic in stores and stuff that + +01:05:37.580 --> 01:05:40.360 +are bad for the environment. Like small + +01:05:40.360 --> 01:05:43.400 +decisions and also like letting people, + +01:05:43.580 --> 01:05:47.320 +telling people how they can help. Not if + +01:05:47.320 --> 01:05:49.780 +you like, if you just do something, that's + +01:05:49.780 --> 01:05:52.240 +one thing. But if you tell a bunch of + +01:05:52.240 --> 01:05:54.580 +people that they should be doing it too, + +01:05:54.740 --> 01:05:56.700 +then you can, then people can make like a + +01:05:56.700 --> 01:05:59.200 +bigger impact. impact. Some things are + +01:05:59.200 --> 01:06:01.140 +really necessary for us, but other things + +01:06:01.140 --> 01:06:03.320 +are harming us like drugs. And that's + +01:06:03.320 --> 01:06:06.860 +something that's become really like, it's + +01:06:06.860 --> 01:06:11.140 +increasing in a worse way in my + +01:06:11.140 --> 01:06:15.260 +generation. So I think that like, a way + +01:06:15.260 --> 01:06:17.420 +that we could stop this is stop all + +01:06:17.420 --> 01:06:20.000 +unnecessary things that aren't good for + +01:06:20.000 --> 01:06:23.620 +the environment or good for us. And I + +01:06:23.620 --> 01:06:25.460 +think that would not only help the + +01:06:25.460 --> 01:06:27.600 +environment, but also the health our + +01:06:27.600 --> 01:06:30.600 +overall health I feel like we can make + +01:06:30.600 --> 01:06:33.480 +sure trash gets into the trash and not + +01:06:33.480 --> 01:06:37.200 +around our planet I also feel like we can + +01:06:37.200 --> 01:06:41.380 +start planting more plants making sure um + +01:06:41.380 --> 01:06:45.240 +the whole community's environment is nice + +01:06:45.240 --> 01:06:49.480 +um I think it's like it can be in like any + +01:06:49.480 --> 01:06:51.800 +generations but like just to tell Tell + +01:06:51.800 --> 01:06:55.480 +them what is going on right now and at + +01:06:55.480 --> 01:06:59.340 +least one way to solve the problem that we + +01:06:59.340 --> 01:07:02.380 +have about environmental issues. I feel + +01:07:02.380 --> 01:07:05.060 +like I often mark those social media + +01:07:05.060 --> 01:07:08.300 +reposts of this many forests are being cut + +01:07:08.300 --> 01:07:10.940 +down in a second. But I feel like it + +01:07:10.940 --> 01:07:12.820 +really is helpful because it raises + +01:07:12.820 --> 01:07:14.900 +awareness. And I feel like raising + +01:07:14.900 --> 01:07:18.600 +awareness in daily life is so important + +01:07:18.600 --> 01:07:21.060 +because we don't spend our time watching + +01:07:21.060 --> 01:07:23.640 +Greta Thunberg's speeches. I don't spend + +01:07:23.640 --> 01:07:26.380 +my time doing that, at least. And I know + +01:07:26.380 --> 01:07:30.320 +most of my friends don't. Kids my age or + +01:07:30.320 --> 01:07:34.680 +any age could start maybe some clubs or + +01:07:34.680 --> 01:07:38.240 +make a petition on how we should store our + +01:07:38.240 --> 01:07:42.440 +trash. many like posters and clubs could + +01:07:42.440 --> 01:07:46.380 +really affect the way people at schools + +01:07:46.380 --> 01:07:50.180 +can think about the environment. Maybe + +01:07:50.180 --> 01:07:52.980 +work at your school like see if what your + +01:07:52.980 --> 01:07:55.840 +school is doing for like sustainable + +01:07:55.840 --> 01:07:57.780 +energy if your school like does your + +01:07:57.780 --> 01:07:59.880 +school have solar panels if there's like + +01:07:59.880 --> 01:08:02.580 +room in their budget to install them you + +01:08:02.580 --> 01:08:04.580 +could see if you could work with the + +01:08:04.580 --> 01:08:07.060 +district to maybe install solar panels at + +01:08:07.060 --> 01:08:09.340 +your school or have like see if you could + +01:08:09.340 --> 01:08:11.960 +make the have the office install like + +01:08:11.960 --> 01:08:15.240 +electric car charging spots in like the + +01:08:15.240 --> 01:08:17.040 +parking lot at your school or something + +01:08:17.040 --> 01:08:19.800 +like that now see if your school most + +01:08:19.800 --> 01:08:21.760 +schools have like student government like + +01:08:21.760 --> 01:08:24.280 +student council or something like that and + +01:08:24.280 --> 01:08:27.680 +see if you could either be part of that or + +01:08:27.680 --> 01:08:30.340 +work with someone or multiple people who + +01:08:30.340 --> 01:08:32.400 +are part of that or see if there's like a + +01:08:32.400 --> 01:08:35.860 +teacher who has like similar views and and + +01:08:35.860 --> 01:08:39.720 +see if you could work with them? I think + +01:08:39.720 --> 01:08:42.340 +the younger generations are who's on + +01:08:42.340 --> 01:08:45.680 +social media the most. And so they're all + +01:08:45.680 --> 01:08:47.900 +getting the message, but I think it's the + +01:08:47.900 --> 01:08:51.920 +older generations that don't really get + +01:08:51.920 --> 01:08:55.200 +the message. So I think the younger + +01:08:55.200 --> 01:08:57.540 +generation should spread that knowledge. + +01:08:58.540 --> 01:09:00.880 +But I know that every single time, it's + +01:09:00.880 --> 01:09:02.700 +annoying, but every single time before my + +01:09:02.700 --> 01:09:04.480 +parents go out, I always remind them like + +01:09:04.480 --> 01:09:07.760 +don't buy any plastic like do your best to + +01:09:07.760 --> 01:09:10.700 +just buy metal and paper and whatever you + +01:09:10.700 --> 01:09:13.920 +can to stop so we can stop using plastic + +01:09:13.920 --> 01:09:16.860 +and even little differences that like we + +01:09:16.860 --> 01:09:19.700 +can make like not using as much water or + +01:09:19.700 --> 01:09:21.000 +even just telling our parents to not use + +01:09:21.000 --> 01:09:23.680 +as much water will result in a bigger + +01:09:23.680 --> 01:09:25.780 +difference and I know that sometimes it's + +01:09:25.780 --> 01:09:27.240 +hard because like you're like it's not + +01:09:27.240 --> 01:09:29.780 +that big but with more and more kids doing + +01:09:29.780 --> 01:09:31.920 +it it will become something big and then + +01:09:31.920 --> 01:09:33.820 +their parents result doing it and then + +01:09:33.820 --> 01:09:36.040 +it'll just become a big thing of people + +01:09:36.040 --> 01:09:38.760 +doing what they can to help. I know with + +01:09:38.760 --> 01:09:41.040 +my family I think it would be more coming + +01:09:41.040 --> 01:09:44.620 +from me because hearing that I want to + +01:09:44.620 --> 01:09:46.300 +help change the world and change the + +01:09:46.300 --> 01:09:48.780 +environment I think has an impact on them + +01:09:48.780 --> 01:09:51.100 +because it shows that like what they're + +01:09:51.100 --> 01:09:53.380 +doing matters to me and what I'm doing + +01:09:53.380 --> 01:09:54.840 +matters to me. I just want to help the + +01:09:54.840 --> 01:09:56.720 +environment the best I can and I think + +01:09:56.720 --> 01:09:58.860 +that also like I know my parents don't + +01:09:58.860 --> 01:10:00.880 +probably think that I think about these + +01:10:00.880 --> 01:10:02.480 +kind of things. So I think that even + +01:10:02.480 --> 01:10:04.300 +coming from someone younger is more + +01:10:04.300 --> 01:10:06.300 +impactful because you're like, oh, even + +01:10:06.300 --> 01:10:07.940 +though they're young, they're trying to + +01:10:07.940 --> 01:10:09.260 +help the world and they're trying to make + +01:10:09.260 --> 01:10:11.440 +a difference. Like you said, what gives me + +01:10:11.440 --> 01:10:13.500 +hope was that people who are becoming + +01:10:13.500 --> 01:10:16.220 +aware, for it to happen, I think that, + +01:10:16.260 --> 01:10:18.040 +like you said, that more people should be + +01:10:18.040 --> 01:10:20.240 +aware, not just the young generation, but + +01:10:20.240 --> 01:10:22.040 +actually every generation should be more + +01:10:22.040 --> 01:10:24.260 +aware of climate change and actually try + +01:10:24.260 --> 01:10:26.540 +taking a step to stop it. And like I said, + +01:10:26.680 --> 01:10:29.900 +even if it's small, it does count. So I + +01:10:29.900 --> 01:10:33.520 +wish for it to change. I think that not + +01:10:33.520 --> 01:10:35.740 +just our generation, but every generation + +01:10:35.740 --> 01:10:38.960 +should step up and try slowing down + +01:10:38.960 --> 01:10:40.960 +climate change, even if it's small. + +01:10:47.640 --> 01:10:51.420 +Wow, it is so inspiring and encouraging to + +01:10:51.420 --> 01:10:53.300 +hear this wide variety of solutions. + +01:10:53.300 --> 01:10:56.520 +solutions. Not only did they explain what + +01:10:56.520 --> 01:10:59.100 +younger people can do, but also how adults + +01:10:59.100 --> 01:11:01.020 +and people of our generation can get + +01:11:01.020 --> 01:11:04.140 +involved, in both large and small ways. + +01:11:05.220 --> 01:11:06.980 +That's right, and I think that the impact + +01:11:06.980 --> 01:11:09.560 +of this is twofold. Not only are they + +01:11:09.560 --> 01:11:11.120 +helping us all to act by providing + +01:11:11.120 --> 01:11:13.700 +concrete actions we can take, I think they + +01:11:13.700 --> 01:11:16.900 +are also inspiring us to take action. I + +01:11:16.900 --> 01:11:18.840 +feel like we as a society always say that + +01:11:18.840 --> 01:11:20.820 +we want to protect the earth for future + +01:11:20.820 --> 01:11:23.180 +generations, but we don't really take the + +01:11:23.180 --> 01:11:25.240 +time to involve our young people today and + +01:11:25.240 --> 01:11:27.740 +what they can do here and now. Children + +01:11:27.740 --> 01:11:29.880 +have always been a powerful motivator for + +01:11:29.880 --> 01:11:32.320 +environmental action. I think seeing kids + +01:11:32.320 --> 01:11:33.780 +who are striving to lead environmentally + +01:11:33.780 --> 01:11:35.960 +conscious lives can show us all what a + +01:11:35.960 --> 01:11:37.800 +more sustainable future could look like. + +01:11:38.200 --> 01:11:41.400 +As Greta Thunberg said, people feel very + +01:11:41.400 --> 01:11:43.820 +guilty when a child says, you are stealing + +01:11:43.820 --> 01:11:47.320 +my future. That has impact. impact. We're + +01:11:47.320 --> 01:11:48.960 +used to making decisions with kids in + +01:11:48.960 --> 01:11:51.040 +mind, but I don't think we're used to + +01:11:51.040 --> 01:11:53.040 +making decisions with kids in the room. + +01:11:53.440 --> 01:11:55.460 +Yeah, we need to make sure that we + +01:11:55.460 --> 01:11:57.360 +continue involving kids in conversations + +01:11:57.360 --> 01:11:58.920 +about the environment and creating + +01:11:58.920 --> 01:12:01.100 +platforms for them to share their ideas. + +01:12:01.620 --> 01:12:03.320 +They cannot participate in the + +01:12:03.320 --> 01:12:05.060 +environmental movement at the ballot box, + +01:12:05.260 --> 01:12:07.240 +but their ideas can be incorporated if + +01:12:07.240 --> 01:12:10.400 +voters are willing to listen. And climate + +01:12:10.400 --> 01:12:12.360 +change is also an inherently inherently + +01:12:12.360 --> 01:12:15.000 +intergenerational issue. And I believe + +01:12:15.000 --> 01:12:17.500 +that we will be in very capable hands when + +01:12:17.500 --> 01:12:18.940 +these kids are one day making the + +01:12:18.940 --> 01:12:21.860 +decisions. I also personally feel + +01:12:21.860 --> 01:12:23.780 +incredibly inspired by these kids and + +01:12:23.780 --> 01:12:26.160 +their messages of hope. In college, as + +01:12:26.160 --> 01:12:27.960 +environmental science majors, I feel like + +01:12:27.960 --> 01:12:29.860 +we are constantly bombarded with reminders + +01:12:29.860 --> 01:12:31.640 +of how big and complex environmental + +01:12:31.640 --> 01:12:33.720 +issues are, and that can become really + +01:12:33.720 --> 01:12:36.620 +discouraging over time. Exactly, and + +01:12:36.620 --> 01:12:38.460 +that's why we love talking to people about + +01:12:38.460 --> 01:12:40.000 +their their ideas, and their hopes, + +01:12:40.120 --> 01:12:42.520 +especially with younger people who will + +01:12:42.520 --> 01:12:44.140 +soon be at the helm of the environmental + +01:12:44.140 --> 01:12:47.520 +movement. It is rejuvenating to palpably + +01:12:47.520 --> 01:12:50.520 +feel so much hope and optimism, and it + +01:12:50.520 --> 01:12:53.340 +serves as a powerful motivator for us as + +01:12:53.340 --> 01:12:58.020 +we continue on our own paths. Well, in + +01:12:58.020 --> 01:13:00.060 +closing, we just want to express our + +01:13:00.060 --> 01:13:01.800 +appreciation for all of the people who + +01:13:01.800 --> 01:13:04.000 +have supported us in this project. It has + +01:13:04.000 --> 01:13:05.800 +been an incredibly long journey, and we + +01:13:05.800 --> 01:13:07.500 +are so grateful to have had such a + +01:13:07.500 --> 01:13:10.840 +wonderful team. Yes, thank you to our 13 + +01:13:10.840 --> 01:13:12.960 +student participants, their adult + +01:13:12.960 --> 01:13:15.320 +interviewees, our mentors at Stanford, + +01:13:15.580 --> 01:13:17.920 +Richard and Nicole, and the teachers and + +01:13:17.920 --> 01:13:19.700 +parents from Ellen Fletcher Middle School, + +01:13:19.840 --> 01:13:22.280 +all of whom made this program possible. + +01:13:22.980 --> 01:13:25.480 +And thanks to you, the listeners, for + +01:13:25.480 --> 01:13:27.040 +spending your Earth Day here with us. + +01:13:27.440 --> 01:13:29.140 +We'll leave you with one last coronavirus + +01:13:29.140 --> 01:13:31.660 +message on behalf of KZSU, but please stay + +01:13:31.660 --> 01:13:32.980 +safe and have a great rest of your + +01:13:32.980 --> 01:13:36.540 +evening. name. With many schools closed + +01:13:36.540 --> 01:13:39.100 +due to the COVID-19 crisis, kids are + +01:13:39.100 --> 01:13:42.100 +missing meals daily. No Kid Hungry is + +01:13:42.100 --> 01:13:43.760 +stepping up. They're using donations, + +01:13:44.020 --> 01:13:46.360 +large and small, to grant funding to + +01:13:46.360 --> 01:13:48.200 +school districts, food banks, and other + +01:13:48.200 --> 01:13:50.560 +local organizations right here in the Bay + +01:13:50.560 --> 01:13:54.600 +Area, which in turn are feeding kids. No + +01:13:54.600 --> 01:13:56.800 +Kid Hungry is dedicated to working year + +01:13:56.800 --> 01:13:58.600 +-round to help the one in seven kids + +01:13:58.600 --> 01:14:00.300 +across across the U.S. who face hunger + +01:14:00.300 --> 01:14:04.340 +every day. To donate, visit nokidhungry + +01:14:04.340 --> 01:14:08.880 +.org. That's nokidhungry.org. + +01:14:31.660 --> 01:14:31.780 +Thank you. + +01:15:06.700 --> 01:15:09.500 +Thank you. + +01:15:28.940 --> 01:15:29.540 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/LLSF_7_20121209.vtt b/docs/baseline/LLSF_7_20121209.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b5e4e04 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/LLSF_7_20121209.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1070 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:00.200 +you + +00:30.000 --> 00:30.200 +you + +01:00.000 --> 01:00.200 +you + +01:30.000 --> 01:30.200 +you + +02:00.000 --> 02:00.200 +you + +02:30.000 --> 02:30.200 +you + +03:00.000 --> 03:00.200 +you + +03:30.000 --> 03:30.200 +you + +04:00.000 --> 04:00.200 +you + +04:30.000 --> 04:30.200 +you + +05:00.000 --> 05:00.200 +you + +05:30.000 --> 05:30.200 +you + +06:00.000 --> 06:00.200 +you + +06:30.000 --> 06:30.200 +you + +07:00.000 --> 07:00.200 +you + +07:30.000 --> 07:30.200 +you + +08:00.000 --> 08:00.200 +you + +08:30.000 --> 08:30.200 +you + +09:00.000 --> 09:00.200 +you + +09:30.000 --> 09:30.200 +you + +10:00.000 --> 10:00.200 +you + +10:30.000 --> 10:30.200 +you + +11:00.000 --> 11:00.200 +you + +11:30.000 --> 11:30.200 +you + +12:00.000 --> 12:00.200 +you + +12:30.000 --> 12:30.200 +you + +13:00.000 --> 13:00.200 +you + +13:30.000 --> 13:30.200 +you + +14:00.000 --> 14:00.200 +you + +14:30.000 --> 14:30.200 +you + +15:00.000 --> 15:00.200 +you + +15:30.000 --> 15:30.200 +you + +16:00.000 --> 16:00.200 +you + +16:30.000 --> 16:30.200 +you + +17:00.000 --> 17:00.200 +you + +17:44.380 --> 17:47.140 +Tell Miss Hills, the city now presents a + +17:47.140 --> 17:49.620 +complex traffic problem because most of + +17:49.620 --> 17:52.420 +its long streetcar lines must funnel into + +17:52.420 --> 17:55.820 +Market Street. This is true because there + +17:55.820 --> 17:57.920 +are no streets parallel to Market on the + +17:57.920 --> 18:01.100 +north side. As the city grows, the Market + +18:01.100 --> 18:02.860 +Street bottleneck draws tighter and + +18:02.860 --> 18:05.700 +tighter. Unless relief is found, this + +18:05.700 --> 18:07.820 +condition will seriously hamper the city's + +18:07.820 --> 18:09.200 +growth and progress. + +18:14.420 --> 18:16.860 +Market Street as it looks today from a + +18:16.860 --> 18:21.180 +balcony at Fifth Street. This, as you all + +18:21.180 --> 18:24.200 +know, is just an average crowd trying to + +18:24.200 --> 18:27.980 +find a way to get home. From the balcony, + +18:28.180 --> 18:30.800 +the cable car turns on Powell Street. The + +18:30.800 --> 18:32.760 +cable car is a San Francisco invention, + +18:33.060 --> 18:35.400 +and our visitors never quit talking about + +18:35.400 --> 18:37.660 +it. We'll probably always have at least + +18:37.660 --> 18:40.200 +one cable car route here, just as a + +18:40.200 --> 18:45.440 +tourist attraction. We all ride to work, + +18:45.600 --> 18:51.360 +but how we have to work to ride? Here's a + +18:51.360 --> 18:54.120 +rush hour example. People stand in safety + +18:54.120 --> 18:56.440 +zones hoping the inspector will find room + +18:56.440 --> 19:00.700 +for them up front. But the space is all + +19:00.700 --> 19:03.440 +taken and disappointed patrons are turned + +19:03.440 --> 19:03.760 +away. + +19:07.680 --> 19:10.620 +Here's why. Too many cars are on the + +19:10.620 --> 19:12.480 +outside tracks owned by the municipal + +19:12.480 --> 19:16.180 +railway. The The inside tracks owned by + +19:16.180 --> 19:18.400 +Market Street Railway are not used to + +19:18.400 --> 19:21.300 +capacity. If these two systems are + +19:21.300 --> 19:23.540 +consolidated, the traffic burden will be + +19:23.540 --> 19:26.060 +equally distributed so that everybody can + +19:26.060 --> 19:29.340 +ride. One fare anywhere will do the trick. + +19:34.440 --> 19:36.960 +The unequal burden causes this, + +19:37.160 --> 19:40.140 +inconvenient, dangerous, and entirely + +19:40.140 --> 19:44.140 +unnecessary. When Madame Chiang Kai-shek + +19:44.140 --> 19:46.160 +was here, the traffic burden everywhere + +19:46.160 --> 19:48.940 +was too great under three systems, three + +19:48.940 --> 19:52.720 +managements, and three fares. We'll all + +19:52.720 --> 19:55.400 +agree this is a beautiful scene, but the + +19:55.400 --> 19:57.280 +discomfort and inconvenience are there + +19:57.280 --> 20:00.100 +just the same. We can correct this + +20:00.100 --> 20:02.840 +situation with one management, one fare + +20:02.840 --> 20:05.940 +anywhere, and free transfers everywhere. + +20:07.840 --> 20:10.340 +This serious bottleneck at Stockton and + +20:10.340 --> 20:13.160 +Market Streets can be broken. Instead of + +20:13.160 --> 20:15.620 +turning F cars back here, let's send them + +20:15.620 --> 20:17.260 +across Market Street to the Southern + +20:17.260 --> 20:19.480 +Pacific Depot, giving a new cross-town + +20:19.480 --> 20:21.960 +service to the Marina, North Beach, and + +20:21.960 --> 20:24.980 +Chinatown. Let's speed up this overloaded + +20:24.980 --> 20:26.840 +line. Let's give the Mission District + +20:26.840 --> 20:29.600 +direct access to north of Market sections. + +20:33.660 --> 20:35.760 +No mother likes this kind of a situation + +20:35.760 --> 20:38.200 +involving school children. We spend + +20:38.200 --> 20:40.820 +millions for schoolroom education. Let's + +20:40.820 --> 20:42.840 +spend something on traffic and safety. + +20:44.440 --> 20:46.600 +What are we doing for our war workers? + +20:47.120 --> 20:49.760 +These tired men coming off shift need + +20:49.760 --> 20:52.140 +speedy service home for a well-earned + +20:52.140 --> 20:52.320 +rest. + +20:57.120 --> 21:00.060 +Instead, they keep right on working, + +21:00.160 --> 21:02.700 +working as you do for a place on an + +21:02.700 --> 21:05.320 +overcrowded bus or streetcar and often + +21:05.320 --> 21:07.280 +payment of two fares before they reach + +21:07.280 --> 21:10.280 +home. These are not shoppers waiting for + +21:10.280 --> 21:12.380 +rationed meat, these are war plant workers + +21:12.380 --> 21:14.720 +waiting in line for a chance to ride home. + +21:15.220 --> 21:18.260 +They deserve that chance and you deserve + +21:18.260 --> 21:22.520 +that chance. Think of the thousands of + +21:22.520 --> 21:24.360 +hours we lose daily by transportation + +21:24.360 --> 21:26.920 +delays. Think of the ships and bombers + +21:26.920 --> 21:28.660 +that might have been built with this lost + +21:28.660 --> 21:32.380 +time. We can't afford it. We need those + +21:32.380 --> 21:33.360 +ships and bombers. + +21:37.440 --> 21:40.280 +Scores of streetcars now lie unused in car + +21:40.280 --> 21:43.080 +barns and shops. All these can be put to + +21:43.080 --> 21:45.200 +work on idle track space on Market and + +21:45.200 --> 21:47.580 +Mission streets. Let's use them. + +21:50.980 --> 21:53.380 +Under one management and with one fare + +21:53.380 --> 21:56.620 +anywhere, these idle cars can carry 20,000 + +21:56.620 --> 21:58.440 +more people every day during the rush + +21:58.440 --> 22:01.660 +hours alone. It came like this and better. + +22:02.140 --> 22:05.340 +New, noiseless, speedy, streamlined cars. + +22:05.820 --> 22:07.920 +Fast, modern motor coaches taking the + +22:07.920 --> 22:09.800 +places of street cars wherever possible. + +22:10.440 --> 22:12.880 +Only in this way can San Francisco get rid + +22:12.880 --> 22:15.080 +of two of the four tracks on Market + +22:15.080 --> 22:17.660 +Street. You would like that, wouldn't you? + +22:18.320 --> 22:21.300 +These are hopes for the future. They are + +22:21.300 --> 22:23.600 +more than hopes, they are necessities. if + +22:23.600 --> 22:26.160 +the city we all love is not to strangle + +22:26.160 --> 22:28.020 +from its congestions and bottlenecks. + +22:29.060 --> 22:31.280 +Let's take the necessary step Tuesday, + +22:31.660 --> 22:34.640 +April 20th. Let's consolidate the existing + +22:34.640 --> 22:36.700 +systems without one cent of cost to + +22:36.700 --> 22:39.320 +taxpayers. The entire bill will be paid + +22:39.320 --> 22:41.700 +from revenues now swollen because there + +22:41.700 --> 22:44.960 +are so many newcomers here. This is the + +22:44.960 --> 22:48.160 +city that knows how, and here's how. Now + +22:48.160 --> 22:51.920 +vote yes on Tuesday for better service at + +22:51.920 --> 22:56.000 +no added cost. Let's forget our pet peeves + +22:56.000 --> 22:58.160 +and our prejudices. Let's think of the + +22:58.160 --> 23:00.500 +needs of our city and our country. Let's + +23:00.500 --> 23:03.340 +do something for San Francisco. Are you + +23:03.340 --> 23:05.900 +listening, San Francisco? This is the + +23:05.900 --> 23:07.700 +message of the Citizens Committee for + +23:07.700 --> 23:10.040 +Better Streetcar Service. We're voting yes + +23:10.040 --> 23:11.540 +for your future on Tuesday. + +23:45.000 --> 23:50.900 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 And all along the way + +23:51.420 --> 23:57.740 +We're building a dream for tomorrow We're + +23:57.740 --> 24:03.860 +building a dream for tomorrow Where trains + +24:03.860 --> 24:06.960 +that cross the hills and land Go through + +24:06.960 --> 24:11.220 +the town by night and day And sunshine + +24:11.220 --> 24:15.260 +touches every hand In parks where children + +24:15.260 --> 24:22.740 +play Over the hills and all along the way + +24:22.740 --> 24:29.680 +We're building a dream for tomorrow We're + +24:29.680 --> 24:35.340 +building a dream for tomorrow We're + +24:35.340 --> 24:41.060 +building a dream for tomorrow We're + +24:41.060 --> 24:44.400 +building a dream for tomorrow + +24:48.320 --> 24:51.400 +Along the way, in three counties, BART is + +24:51.400 --> 24:53.840 +building a high-speed rail rapid transit + +24:53.840 --> 24:56.000 +system planned for your convenience, + +24:56.340 --> 24:58.720 +designed for your comfort, and + +24:58.720 --> 25:00.920 +deliberately aimed at giving you a safer, + +25:01.060 --> 25:03.360 +faster, more economical ride than your + +25:03.360 --> 25:06.140 +automobile. Fully aware, as Lewis Mumford + +25:06.140 --> 25:08.740 +says, that a city exists not for the + +25:08.740 --> 25:11.100 +constant passage of motor cars, but for + +25:11.100 --> 25:13.960 +the care and culture of men. Cities will + +25:13.960 --> 25:16.760 +maintain their character, too. unscarred + +25:16.760 --> 25:19.060 +by heavy concrete swaths of freeway, + +25:19.820 --> 25:21.720 +freeways that carry the extravagance of + +25:21.720 --> 25:24.700 +one car, one passenger, mostly at a + +25:24.700 --> 25:28.560 +standstill. Instead, bark trains carrying + +25:28.560 --> 25:30.960 +thousands of comfortably seated passengers + +25:30.960 --> 25:33.580 +will glide quietly through the bay tube, + +25:33.860 --> 25:37.260 +under the ferry building, and into the + +25:37.260 --> 25:38.120 +Market Street subway. + +25:41.820 --> 25:45.180 +And when it's completed, you and the Bay + +25:45.180 --> 25:47.860 +Area will not only feel better, you'll + +25:47.860 --> 25:51.020 +both look better. In the Powell Street + +25:51.020 --> 25:53.120 +Station you'll look something like this. + +25:53.860 --> 25:56.960 +Along the way you may stop at a magazine + +25:56.960 --> 25:59.740 +stand, buy commute tickets from the + +25:59.740 --> 26:02.520 +automatic vending machine, enjoy the + +26:02.520 --> 26:05.080 +clean, spacious, architect-designed + +26:05.080 --> 26:07.740 +station, and then you'll board a train, + +26:07.960 --> 26:11.540 +carpet it, air-conditioned, and settle + +26:11.540 --> 26:15.140 +into an extra-wide foam rubber seat. Over + +26:15.140 --> 26:19.960 +the hills and all along the way we're + +26:19.960 --> 26:25.600 +building a dream for tomorrow. We're + +26:25.600 --> 26:29.180 +building a dream for tomorrow. + +26:59.600 --> 27:01.840 +Our commuters get one of the most exciting + +27:01.840 --> 27:05.680 +rides in the world. And boy, what a view! + +27:16.600 --> 27:19.080 +Ah, there's that spice and coffee smell + +27:19.080 --> 27:19.360 +again. + +27:51.400 --> 27:54.040 +One of the busiest intercity transit lines + +27:54.040 --> 27:56.360 +in the world safely delivers another + +27:56.360 --> 27:59.140 +trainload to the busiest terminal in + +27:59.140 --> 27:59.460 +America. + +28:26.960 --> 28:27.160 +you + +28:56.960 --> 28:57.160 +you + +29:26.960 --> 29:27.160 +you + +29:56.960 --> 29:57.160 +you + +30:26.960 --> 30:27.160 +you + +30:56.960 --> 30:57.160 +you + +31:26.960 --> 31:27.160 +you + +31:56.960 --> 31:57.160 +you + +32:26.960 --> 32:27.160 +you + +32:56.960 --> 32:57.160 +you + +33:26.960 --> 33:27.160 +you + +33:56.960 --> 33:57.160 +you + +34:26.960 --> 34:27.160 +you + +34:56.960 --> 34:57.160 +you + +35:26.960 --> 35:27.160 +you + +35:56.960 --> 35:57.160 +you + +36:26.960 --> 36:27.160 +you + +36:56.960 --> 36:57.160 +you + +37:26.960 --> 37:27.160 +you + +37:56.960 --> 37:57.160 +you + +38:26.960 --> 38:27.160 +you + +38:56.960 --> 38:57.160 +you + +39:26.960 --> 39:27.160 +you + +39:56.960 --> 39:57.160 +you + +40:26.960 --> 40:27.160 +you + +40:56.960 --> 40:57.160 +you + +41:26.960 --> 41:27.160 +you + +41:56.960 --> 41:57.160 +you + +42:26.960 --> 42:27.160 +you + +42:56.960 --> 42:57.160 +you + +43:26.960 --> 43:27.160 +you + +43:56.960 --> 43:57.160 +you + +44:26.960 --> 44:27.160 +you + +44:56.960 --> 44:57.160 +you + +45:26.960 --> 45:27.160 +you + +45:56.960 --> 45:57.160 +you + +46:26.960 --> 46:27.160 +you + +46:56.960 --> 46:57.160 +you + +47:26.960 --> 47:27.160 +you + +47:56.960 --> 47:57.160 +you + +48:26.960 --> 48:27.160 +you + +48:56.960 --> 48:57.160 +you + +49:26.960 --> 49:27.160 +you + +49:56.960 --> 49:57.160 +you + +50:26.960 --> 50:27.160 +you + +50:56.960 --> 50:57.160 +you + +51:26.960 --> 51:27.160 +you + +51:56.960 --> 51:57.160 +you + +52:26.960 --> 52:27.160 +you + +52:56.960 --> 52:57.160 +you + +53:26.960 --> 53:27.160 +you + +53:56.960 --> 53:57.160 +you + +54:26.960 --> 54:27.160 +you + +54:56.960 --> 54:57.160 +you + +55:26.960 --> 55:27.160 +you + +55:56.960 --> 55:57.160 +you + +56:26.960 --> 56:27.160 +you + +56:56.960 --> 56:57.160 +you + +57:26.960 --> 57:27.160 +you + +57:56.960 --> 57:57.160 +you + +58:26.960 --> 58:27.160 +you + +58:56.960 --> 58:57.160 +you + +59:26.960 --> 59:27.160 +you + +59:56.960 --> 59:57.160 +you + +01:00:54.860 --> 01:00:59.020 +The Golden Thames Society I know I live + +01:00:59.020 --> 01:01:03.380 +there on the tower. Seagulls, pigeons, but + +01:01:03.380 --> 01:01:09.060 +I like it. Yeah, we dig it the most. On + +01:01:09.060 --> 01:01:11.380 +the tower I can see everything. Once in a + +01:01:11.380 --> 01:01:12.040 +while I spy. + +01:01:15.780 --> 01:01:19.660 +I see the shoes. They think they're the + +01:01:19.660 --> 01:01:23.460 +toughest, but not the bosses. But I don't + +01:01:23.460 --> 01:01:27.520 +blame them. Nothing to do If I had + +01:01:27.520 --> 01:01:30.440 +something like that on my corner I'd + +01:01:30.440 --> 01:01:35.640 +shimmy shimmy Cocoa too The mole You can + +01:01:35.640 --> 01:01:39.740 +always tell Flat feet Ace on every corner + +01:01:39.740 --> 01:01:42.800 +Don't look too hard fellas They got guns + +01:01:42.800 --> 01:01:47.480 +You got a thousand fellas The king In this + +01:01:47.480 --> 01:01:51.300 +tough sheen It's the bosses Because it's + +01:01:51.300 --> 01:01:55.100 +borrowed written from some honor at night + +01:01:55.100 --> 01:01:57.940 +can always tell that's the lonely one + +01:02:01.800 --> 01:02:05.700 +bet you some parts of mission could always + +01:02:05.700 --> 01:02:10.000 +tell thousand every corner hair was a + +01:02:10.000 --> 01:02:12.840 +crime they'd be right on death row with + +01:02:12.840 --> 01:02:17.260 +chestnut look + +01:02:17.260 --> 01:02:20.480 +out old man And look out, old man. Mike is + +01:02:20.480 --> 01:02:24.220 +on the scene. Head first. Fight up, + +01:02:24.220 --> 01:02:27.220 +fellas. Didn't cost me anything. Five + +01:02:27.220 --> 01:02:30.080 +fingers and a quick getaway. Some store + +01:02:30.080 --> 01:02:30.520 +suffers. + +01:02:47.900 --> 01:02:48.100 +you + +01:03:17.900 --> 01:03:18.100 +you + +01:03:47.900 --> 01:03:48.100 +you + +01:04:17.900 --> 01:04:18.100 +you + +01:04:47.900 --> 01:04:48.100 +you + +01:05:36.560 --> 01:05:40.760 +San Francisco, within its 45 square miles, + +01:05:40.900 --> 01:05:42.640 +is contained one of the most colorful and + +01:05:42.640 --> 01:05:43.900 +and romantic cities in the world. + +01:05:45.100 --> 01:05:47.340 +Approaching from the south, the traveler + +01:05:47.340 --> 01:05:49.180 +views with sudden excitement the city + +01:05:49.180 --> 01:05:50.840 +thrusting its white towers into the blue + +01:05:50.840 --> 01:05:51.680 +California sky. + +01:05:55.380 --> 01:05:57.300 +But it is from the east that the city + +01:05:57.300 --> 01:05:59.960 +reveals its famous profile, framed by the + +01:05:59.960 --> 01:06:01.320 +silver towers of the Bay Bridge. + +01:06:22.440 --> 01:06:24.660 +Credited with having stopped the onslaught + +01:06:24.660 --> 01:06:27.800 +of the 1906 fire, Venice Avenue still + +01:06:27.800 --> 01:06:30.100 +remains one of San Francisco's broadest + +01:06:30.100 --> 01:06:30.640 +thoroughfares. + +01:06:38.440 --> 01:06:40.660 +California Palace of the Legion of Honor, + +01:06:40.660 --> 01:06:43.780 +one of San Francisco's finest museums is + +01:06:43.780 --> 01:06:46.040 +an exact replica of the Legion of Honor in + +01:06:46.040 --> 01:06:46.320 +Paris. + +01:06:57.000 --> 01:06:59.820 +The once gay resort of the 90s is now a + +01:06:59.820 --> 01:07:01.420 +modern restaurant fronting the Pacific + +01:07:01.420 --> 01:07:03.940 +Ocean and overlooking Seals Rocks. + +01:07:12.740 --> 01:07:15.300 +A ride on the newly installed Sky Tram + +01:07:15.300 --> 01:07:16.680 +should be included in the tourist + +01:07:16.680 --> 01:07:17.260 +itinerary. + +01:08:00.680 --> 01:08:03.180 +Just below the Cliff House is a year-round + +01:08:03.180 --> 01:08:04.080 +amusement park. Park. + +01:09:02.620 --> 01:09:04.020 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +01:09:20.580 --> 01:09:22.800 +Leaving the recreational areas that border + +01:09:22.800 --> 01:09:24.640 +the ocean, we turn eastward towards the + +01:09:24.640 --> 01:09:25.260 +heart of the city. + +01:09:34.700 --> 01:09:39.680 +city. In the center of the city rise San + +01:09:39.680 --> 01:09:41.400 +Francisco's famous Twin Peaks. + +01:09:48.220 --> 01:09:51.100 +reached by a spiraling road the summit + +01:09:51.100 --> 01:09:52.980 +commands a spectacular view of the + +01:09:52.980 --> 01:09:53.720 +encircling city + +01:10:23.740 --> 01:10:26.480 +Market Street, the main arterial through + +01:10:26.480 --> 01:10:29.060 +the downtown area, stretches like a broad + +01:10:29.060 --> 01:10:30.800 +ribbon from Twin Peaks to the Ferry + +01:10:30.800 --> 01:10:31.100 +Building. + +01:10:54.760 --> 01:10:57.100 +The busy intersection of Powell and Market + +01:10:57.100 --> 01:10:59.580 +Streets in downtown San Francisco is + +01:10:59.580 --> 01:11:01.420 +located one of the terminals of the Powell + +01:11:01.420 --> 01:11:04.740 +Street cable car line. To reverse their + +01:11:04.740 --> 01:11:07.360 +direction, the cable cars are pushed onto + +01:11:07.360 --> 01:11:09.540 +the unique turntable and swung around + +01:11:09.540 --> 01:11:11.080 +manually by the motor man and the + +01:11:11.080 --> 01:11:13.180 +conductor, much to the delight of the + +01:11:13.180 --> 01:11:14.160 +riders and spectators. + +01:11:26.300 --> 01:11:28.520 +There is no end to the interesting places + +01:11:28.520 --> 01:11:31.020 +one may visit in San Francisco, the ferry + +01:11:31.020 --> 01:11:33.080 +the library building, the churches and + +01:11:33.080 --> 01:11:33.520 +colleges. + +01:11:36.460 --> 01:11:38.780 +Or the tourist may prefer a leisurely + +01:11:38.780 --> 01:11:40.780 +drive along the many scenic boulevards. + +01:11:51.280 --> 01:11:53.800 +For the true adventurer, there is that + +01:11:53.800 --> 01:11:57.680 +final thrill, a ride down the world's most + +01:11:57.680 --> 01:12:01.340 +crooked streets. Eight hairpin turns in a + +01:12:01.340 --> 01:12:02.000 +single block. + +01:12:36.740 --> 01:12:39.860 +San Francisco, the cosmopolitan city, + +01:12:40.020 --> 01:12:46.620 +queen of the Pacific, the city by the + +01:12:46.620 --> 01:12:47.360 +Golden Gate, + +01:12:50.720 --> 01:12:53.640 +Truly the city of many wonders. + +01:13:17.360 --> 01:13:17.560 +you + +01:13:47.360 --> 01:13:47.560 +you + +01:14:19.860 --> 01:14:21.260 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/LLSF_7_20121209_mp4.vtt b/docs/baseline/LLSF_7_20121209_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a3716b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/LLSF_7_20121209_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1073 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:00.200 +you + +00:30.000 --> 00:30.200 +you + +01:00.000 --> 01:00.200 +you + +01:30.000 --> 01:30.200 +you + +02:00.000 --> 02:00.200 +you + +02:30.000 --> 02:30.200 +you + +03:00.000 --> 03:00.200 +you + +03:30.000 --> 03:30.200 +you + +04:00.000 --> 04:00.200 +you + +04:30.000 --> 04:30.200 +you + +05:00.000 --> 05:00.200 +you + +05:30.000 --> 05:30.200 +you + +06:00.000 --> 06:00.200 +you + +06:30.000 --> 06:30.200 +you + +07:00.000 --> 07:00.200 +you + +07:30.000 --> 07:30.200 +you + +08:00.000 --> 08:00.200 +you + +08:30.000 --> 08:30.200 +you + +09:00.000 --> 09:00.200 +you + +09:30.000 --> 09:30.200 +you + +10:00.000 --> 10:00.200 +you + +10:30.000 --> 10:30.200 +you + +11:00.000 --> 11:00.200 +you + +11:30.000 --> 11:30.200 +you + +12:00.000 --> 12:00.200 +you + +12:30.000 --> 12:30.200 +you + +13:00.000 --> 13:00.200 +you + +13:30.000 --> 13:30.200 +you + +14:00.000 --> 14:00.200 +you + +14:30.000 --> 14:30.200 +you + +15:00.000 --> 15:00.200 +you + +15:30.000 --> 15:30.200 +you + +16:00.000 --> 16:00.200 +you + +16:30.000 --> 16:30.200 +you + +17:00.000 --> 17:00.200 +you + +17:30.160 --> 17:30.800 +. + +17:44.260 --> 17:47.140 +Tell Miss Hills the city now presents a + +17:47.140 --> 17:49.620 +complex traffic problem, because most of + +17:49.620 --> 17:52.420 +its long streetcar lines must funnel into + +17:52.420 --> 17:55.820 +Market Street. This is true because there + +17:55.820 --> 17:57.920 +are no streets parallel to Market on the + +17:57.920 --> 18:01.100 +north side. As the city grows, the Market + +18:01.100 --> 18:02.860 +Street bottleneck draws tighter and + +18:02.860 --> 18:05.700 +tighter. Unless relief is found, this + +18:05.700 --> 18:07.820 +condition will seriously hamper the city's + +18:07.820 --> 18:09.200 +growth and progress. + +18:14.420 --> 18:16.860 +Market Street as it looks today from a + +18:16.860 --> 18:21.180 +balcony at Fifth Street. This, as you all + +18:21.180 --> 18:24.200 +know, is just an average crowd trying to + +18:24.200 --> 18:27.980 +find a way to get home. From the balcony, + +18:28.180 --> 18:30.800 +the cable car turns on Powell Street. The + +18:30.800 --> 18:32.760 +cable car is a San Francisco invention, + +18:33.060 --> 18:35.400 +and our visitors never quit talking about + +18:35.400 --> 18:37.660 +it. We'll probably always have at least + +18:37.660 --> 18:40.200 +one cable car route here, just as a + +18:40.200 --> 18:45.440 +tourist attraction. We all ride to work, + +18:45.600 --> 18:51.360 +but how we have to work to ride? Here's a + +18:51.360 --> 18:54.120 +rush hour example. People stand in safety + +18:54.120 --> 18:56.440 +zones hoping the inspector will find room + +18:56.440 --> 19:00.700 +for them up front. But the space is all + +19:00.700 --> 19:03.440 +taken and disappointed patrons are turned + +19:03.440 --> 19:03.760 +away. + +19:07.680 --> 19:10.620 +Here's why. Too many cars are on the + +19:10.620 --> 19:12.480 +outside tracks owned by the municipal + +19:12.480 --> 19:16.180 +railway. The The inside tracks owned by + +19:16.180 --> 19:18.400 +Market Street Railway are not used to + +19:18.400 --> 19:21.300 +capacity. If these two systems are + +19:21.300 --> 19:23.540 +consolidated, the traffic burden will be + +19:23.540 --> 19:26.060 +equally distributed so that everybody can + +19:26.060 --> 19:29.340 +ride. One fare anywhere will do the trick. + +19:34.440 --> 19:36.960 +The unequal burden causes this, + +19:37.160 --> 19:40.140 +inconvenient, dangerous, and entirely + +19:40.140 --> 19:44.140 +unnecessary. When Madame Chiang Kai-shek + +19:44.140 --> 19:46.160 +was here, the traffic burden everywhere + +19:46.160 --> 19:48.940 +was too great under three systems, three + +19:48.940 --> 19:52.720 +managements, and three fares. We'll all + +19:52.720 --> 19:55.400 +agree this is a beautiful scene, but the + +19:55.400 --> 19:57.280 +discomfort and inconvenience are there + +19:57.280 --> 20:00.100 +just the same. We can correct this + +20:00.100 --> 20:02.840 +situation with one management, one fare + +20:02.840 --> 20:05.940 +anywhere, and free transfers everywhere. + +20:07.840 --> 20:10.340 +This serious bottleneck at Stockton and + +20:10.340 --> 20:13.160 +Market Streets can be broken. Instead of + +20:13.160 --> 20:15.620 +turning F cars back here, let's send them + +20:15.620 --> 20:17.260 +across Market Street to the Southern + +20:17.260 --> 20:19.480 +Pacific Depot, giving a new cross-town + +20:19.480 --> 20:21.960 +service to the Marina, North Beach, and + +20:21.960 --> 20:24.980 +Chinatown. Let's speed up this overloaded + +20:24.980 --> 20:26.840 +line. Let's give the Mission District + +20:26.840 --> 20:29.600 +direct access to north of Market sections. + +20:33.660 --> 20:35.760 +No mother likes this kind of a situation + +20:35.760 --> 20:38.200 +involving school children. We spend + +20:38.200 --> 20:40.820 +millions for schoolroom education. Let's + +20:40.820 --> 20:42.840 +spend something on traffic and safety. + +20:44.440 --> 20:46.600 +What are we doing for our war workers? + +20:47.120 --> 20:49.760 +These tired men coming off shift need + +20:49.760 --> 20:52.140 +speedy service home for a well-earned + +20:52.140 --> 20:52.320 +rest. + +20:57.120 --> 21:00.060 +Instead, they keep right on working, + +21:00.160 --> 21:02.700 +working as you do for a place on an + +21:02.700 --> 21:05.320 +overcrowded bus or streetcar and often + +21:05.320 --> 21:07.280 +payment of two fares before they reach + +21:07.280 --> 21:10.280 +home. These are not shoppers waiting for + +21:10.280 --> 21:12.380 +rationed meat, these are war plant workers + +21:12.380 --> 21:14.720 +waiting in line for a chance to ride home. + +21:15.220 --> 21:18.260 +They deserve that chance and you deserve + +21:18.260 --> 21:22.520 +that chance. Think of the thousands of + +21:22.520 --> 21:24.360 +hours we lose daily by transportation + +21:24.360 --> 21:26.920 +delays. Think of the ships and bombers + +21:26.920 --> 21:28.660 +that might have been built with this lost + +21:28.660 --> 21:32.380 +time. We can't afford it. We need those + +21:32.380 --> 21:33.360 +ships and bombers. + +21:37.440 --> 21:40.280 +Scores of streetcars now lie unused in car + +21:40.280 --> 21:43.080 +barns and shops. All these can be put to + +21:43.080 --> 21:45.200 +work on idle track space on Market and + +21:45.200 --> 21:47.580 +Mission streets. Let's use them. + +21:50.980 --> 21:53.380 +Under one management and with one fare + +21:53.380 --> 21:56.620 +anywhere, these idle cars can carry 20,000 + +21:56.620 --> 21:58.440 +more people every day during the rush + +21:58.440 --> 22:01.660 +hours alone. It came like this and better. + +22:02.140 --> 22:05.340 +New, noiseless, speedy, streamlined cars. + +22:05.820 --> 22:07.920 +Fast, modern motor coaches taking the + +22:07.920 --> 22:09.800 +places of street cars wherever possible. + +22:10.440 --> 22:12.880 +Only in this way can San Francisco get rid + +22:12.880 --> 22:15.080 +of two of the four tracks on Market + +22:15.080 --> 22:17.660 +Street. You would like that, wouldn't you? + +22:18.320 --> 22:21.300 +These are hopes for the future. They are + +22:21.300 --> 22:23.600 +more than hopes, they are necessities. if + +22:23.600 --> 22:26.160 +the city we all love is not to strangle + +22:26.160 --> 22:28.020 +from its congestions and bottlenecks. + +22:29.060 --> 22:31.280 +Let's take the necessary step Tuesday, + +22:31.660 --> 22:34.640 +April 20th. Let's consolidate the existing + +22:34.640 --> 22:36.700 +systems without one cent of cost to + +22:36.700 --> 22:39.320 +taxpayers. The entire bill will be paid + +22:39.320 --> 22:41.700 +from revenues now swollen because there + +22:41.700 --> 22:44.960 +are so many newcomers here. This is the + +22:44.960 --> 22:48.160 +city that knows how, and here's how. Now + +22:48.160 --> 22:51.920 +vote yes on Tuesday for better service at + +22:51.920 --> 22:56.000 +no added cost. Let's forget our pet peeves + +22:56.000 --> 22:58.160 +and our prejudices. Let's think of the + +22:58.160 --> 23:00.500 +needs of our city and our country. Let's + +23:00.500 --> 23:03.340 +do something for San Francisco. Are you + +23:03.340 --> 23:05.900 +listening, San Francisco? This is the + +23:05.900 --> 23:07.700 +message of the Citizens Committee for + +23:07.700 --> 23:10.040 +Better Streetcar Service. We're voting yes + +23:10.040 --> 23:11.540 +for your future on Tuesday. + +23:45.000 --> 23:50.900 + And all along the way + +23:51.420 --> 23:57.740 +We're building a dream for tomorrow We're + +23:57.740 --> 24:03.860 +building a dream for tomorrow Where trains + +24:03.860 --> 24:06.960 +that cross the hills and land Go through + +24:06.960 --> 24:11.220 +the town by night and day And sunshine + +24:11.220 --> 24:15.260 +touches every hand In parks where children + +24:15.260 --> 24:22.740 +play Over the hills and all along the way + +24:22.740 --> 24:29.680 +We're building a dream for tomorrow We're + +24:29.680 --> 24:35.340 +building a dream for tomorrow We're + +24:35.340 --> 24:41.060 +building a dream for tomorrow We're + +24:41.060 --> 24:44.400 +building a dream for tomorrow + +24:48.320 --> 24:51.400 +Along the way, in three counties, BART is + +24:51.400 --> 24:53.840 +building a high-speed rail rapid transit + +24:53.840 --> 24:56.000 +system planned for your convenience, + +24:56.340 --> 24:58.720 +designed for your comfort, and + +24:58.720 --> 25:00.920 +deliberately aimed at giving you a safer, + +25:01.060 --> 25:03.360 +faster, more economical ride than your + +25:03.360 --> 25:06.140 +automobile. Fully aware, as Lewis Mumford + +25:06.140 --> 25:08.740 +says, that a city exists not for the + +25:08.740 --> 25:11.100 +constant passage of motor cars, but for + +25:11.100 --> 25:13.960 +the care and culture of men. Cities will + +25:13.960 --> 25:16.760 +maintain their character, too. unscarred + +25:16.760 --> 25:19.060 +by heavy concrete swaths of freeway, + +25:19.820 --> 25:21.720 +freeways that carry the extravagance of + +25:21.720 --> 25:24.700 +one car, one passenger, mostly at a + +25:24.700 --> 25:28.560 +standstill. Instead, bark trains carrying + +25:28.560 --> 25:30.960 +thousands of comfortably seated passengers + +25:30.960 --> 25:33.580 +will glide quietly through the bay tube, + +25:33.860 --> 25:37.260 +under the ferry building, and into the + +25:37.260 --> 25:38.120 +Market Street subway. + +25:41.820 --> 25:45.180 +And when it's completed, you and the Bay + +25:45.180 --> 25:47.860 +Area will not only feel better, you'll + +25:47.860 --> 25:51.020 +both look better. In the Powell Street + +25:51.020 --> 25:53.120 +Station you'll look something like this. + +25:53.860 --> 25:56.960 +Along the way you may stop at a magazine + +25:56.960 --> 25:59.740 +stand, buy commute tickets from the + +25:59.740 --> 26:02.520 +automatic vending machine, enjoy the + +26:02.520 --> 26:05.080 +clean, spacious, architect-designed + +26:05.080 --> 26:07.740 +station, and then you'll board a train, + +26:07.960 --> 26:11.540 +carpet it, air-conditioned, and settle + +26:11.540 --> 26:15.140 +into an extra-wide foam rubber seat. Over + +26:15.140 --> 26:19.960 +the hills and all along the way we're + +26:19.960 --> 26:25.600 +building a dream for tomorrow. We're + +26:25.600 --> 26:29.180 +building a dream for tomorrow. + +26:59.600 --> 27:01.840 +Our commuters get one of the most exciting + +27:01.840 --> 27:05.680 +rides in the world. And boy, what a view! + +27:16.600 --> 27:19.080 +Ah, there's that spice and coffee smell + +27:19.080 --> 27:19.360 +again. + +27:51.400 --> 27:54.040 +One of the busiest intercity transit lines + +27:54.040 --> 27:56.360 +in the world safely delivers another + +27:56.360 --> 27:59.140 +trainload to the busiest terminal in + +27:59.140 --> 27:59.460 +America. + +28:26.960 --> 28:27.160 +you + +28:56.960 --> 28:57.160 +you + +29:26.960 --> 29:27.160 +you + +29:56.960 --> 29:57.160 +you + +30:26.960 --> 30:27.160 +you + +30:56.960 --> 30:57.160 +you + +31:26.960 --> 31:27.160 +you + +31:56.960 --> 31:57.160 +you + +32:26.960 --> 32:27.160 +you + +32:56.960 --> 32:57.160 +you + +33:26.960 --> 33:27.160 +you + +33:56.960 --> 33:57.160 +you + +34:26.960 --> 34:27.160 +you + +34:56.960 --> 34:57.160 +you + +35:26.960 --> 35:27.160 +you + +35:56.960 --> 35:57.160 +you + +36:26.960 --> 36:27.160 +you + +36:56.960 --> 36:57.160 +you + +37:26.960 --> 37:27.160 +you + +37:56.960 --> 37:57.160 +you + +38:26.960 --> 38:27.160 +you + +38:56.960 --> 38:57.160 +you + +39:26.960 --> 39:27.160 +you + +39:56.960 --> 39:57.160 +you + +40:26.960 --> 40:27.160 +you + +40:56.960 --> 40:57.160 +you + +41:26.960 --> 41:27.160 +you + +41:56.960 --> 41:57.160 +you + +42:26.960 --> 42:27.160 +you + +42:56.960 --> 42:57.160 +you + +43:26.960 --> 43:27.160 +you + +43:56.960 --> 43:57.160 +you + +44:26.960 --> 44:27.160 +you + +44:56.960 --> 44:57.160 +you + +45:26.960 --> 45:27.160 +you + +45:56.960 --> 45:57.160 +you + +46:26.960 --> 46:27.160 +you + +46:56.960 --> 46:57.160 +you + +47:26.960 --> 47:27.160 +you + +47:56.960 --> 47:57.160 +you + +48:26.960 --> 48:27.160 +you + +48:56.960 --> 48:57.160 +you + +49:26.960 --> 49:27.160 +you + +49:56.960 --> 49:57.160 +you + +50:26.960 --> 50:27.160 +you + +50:56.960 --> 50:57.160 +you + +51:26.960 --> 51:27.160 +you + +51:56.960 --> 51:57.160 +you + +52:26.960 --> 52:27.160 +you + +52:56.960 --> 52:57.160 +you + +53:26.960 --> 53:27.160 +you + +53:56.960 --> 53:57.160 +you + +54:26.960 --> 54:27.160 +you + +54:56.960 --> 54:57.160 +you + +55:26.960 --> 55:27.160 +you + +55:56.960 --> 55:57.160 +you + +56:26.960 --> 56:27.160 +you + +56:56.960 --> 56:57.160 +you + +57:26.960 --> 57:27.160 +you + +57:56.960 --> 57:57.160 +you + +58:26.960 --> 58:27.160 +you + +58:56.960 --> 58:57.160 +you + +59:26.960 --> 59:27.160 +you + +59:56.960 --> 59:57.160 +you + +01:00:54.860 --> 01:00:59.020 +The Golden Thames Society I know I live + +01:00:59.020 --> 01:01:03.380 +there on the tower. Seagulls, pigeons, but + +01:01:03.380 --> 01:01:09.060 +I like it. Yeah, we dig it the most. On + +01:01:09.060 --> 01:01:11.380 +the tower I can see everything. Once in a + +01:01:11.380 --> 01:01:12.040 +while I spy. + +01:01:15.780 --> 01:01:19.660 +I see the shoes. They think they're the + +01:01:19.660 --> 01:01:23.460 +toughest, but not the bosses. But I don't + +01:01:23.460 --> 01:01:27.520 +blame them. Nothing to do If I had + +01:01:27.520 --> 01:01:30.440 +something like that on my corner I'd + +01:01:30.440 --> 01:01:35.640 +shimmy shimmy Cocoa too The mole You can + +01:01:35.640 --> 01:01:39.740 +always tell Flat feet Ace on every corner + +01:01:39.740 --> 01:01:42.800 +Don't look too hard fellas They got guns + +01:01:42.800 --> 01:01:47.480 +You got a thousand fellas The king In this + +01:01:47.480 --> 01:01:51.300 +tough sheen It's the bosses Because it's + +01:01:51.300 --> 01:01:55.100 +borrowed written from some honor at night + +01:01:55.100 --> 01:01:57.940 +can always tell that's the lonely one + +01:02:01.800 --> 01:02:05.700 +bet you some parts of mission could always + +01:02:05.700 --> 01:02:10.000 +tell thousand every corner hair was a + +01:02:10.000 --> 01:02:12.840 +crime they'd be right on death row with + +01:02:12.840 --> 01:02:17.260 +chestnut look + +01:02:17.260 --> 01:02:20.480 +out old man And look out, old man. Mike is + +01:02:20.480 --> 01:02:24.220 +on the scene. Head first. Fight up, + +01:02:24.220 --> 01:02:27.220 +fellas. Didn't cost me anything. Five + +01:02:27.220 --> 01:02:30.080 +fingers and a quick getaway. Some store + +01:02:30.080 --> 01:02:30.520 +suffers. + +01:02:47.900 --> 01:02:48.100 +you + +01:03:17.900 --> 01:03:18.100 +you + +01:03:47.900 --> 01:03:48.100 +you + +01:04:17.900 --> 01:04:18.100 +you + +01:04:47.900 --> 01:04:48.100 +you + +01:05:36.560 --> 01:05:40.760 +San Francisco, within its 45 square miles, + +01:05:40.900 --> 01:05:42.640 +is contained one of the most colorful and + +01:05:42.640 --> 01:05:43.900 +and romantic cities in the world. + +01:05:45.100 --> 01:05:47.340 +Approaching from the south, the traveler + +01:05:47.340 --> 01:05:49.180 +views with sudden excitement the city + +01:05:49.180 --> 01:05:50.840 +thrusting its white towers into the blue + +01:05:50.840 --> 01:05:51.680 +California sky. + +01:05:55.380 --> 01:05:57.300 +But it is from the east that the city + +01:05:57.300 --> 01:05:59.960 +reveals its famous profile, framed by the + +01:05:59.960 --> 01:06:01.320 +silver towers of the Bay Bridge. + +01:06:22.440 --> 01:06:24.660 +Credited with having stopped the onslaught + +01:06:24.660 --> 01:06:27.800 +of the 1906 fire, Venice Avenue still + +01:06:27.800 --> 01:06:30.100 +remains one of San Francisco's broadest + +01:06:30.100 --> 01:06:30.640 +thoroughfares. + +01:06:38.440 --> 01:06:40.660 +California Palace of the Legion of Honor, + +01:06:40.660 --> 01:06:43.780 +one of San Francisco's finest museums is + +01:06:43.780 --> 01:06:46.040 +an exact replica of the Legion of Honor in + +01:06:46.040 --> 01:06:46.320 +Paris. + +01:06:57.000 --> 01:06:59.820 +The once gay resort of the 90s is now a + +01:06:59.820 --> 01:07:01.420 +modern restaurant fronting the Pacific + +01:07:01.420 --> 01:07:03.940 +Ocean and overlooking Seals Rocks. + +01:07:12.740 --> 01:07:15.300 +A ride on the newly installed Sky Tram + +01:07:15.300 --> 01:07:16.680 +should be included in the tourist + +01:07:16.680 --> 01:07:17.260 +itinerary. + +01:08:00.680 --> 01:08:03.180 +Just below the Cliff House is a year-round + +01:08:03.180 --> 01:08:04.080 +amusement park. Park. + +01:09:02.620 --> 01:09:04.020 + + +01:09:20.580 --> 01:09:22.800 +Leaving the recreational areas that border + +01:09:22.800 --> 01:09:24.640 +the ocean, we turn eastward towards the + +01:09:24.640 --> 01:09:25.260 +heart of the city. + +01:09:34.700 --> 01:09:39.680 +city. In the center of the city rise San + +01:09:39.680 --> 01:09:41.400 +Francisco's famous Twin Peaks. + +01:09:48.220 --> 01:09:51.100 +reached by a spiraling road the summit + +01:09:51.100 --> 01:09:52.980 +commands a spectacular view of the + +01:09:52.980 --> 01:09:53.720 +encircling city + +01:10:23.740 --> 01:10:26.480 +Market Street, the main arterial through + +01:10:26.480 --> 01:10:29.060 +the downtown area, stretches like a broad + +01:10:29.060 --> 01:10:30.800 +ribbon from Twin Peaks to the Ferry + +01:10:30.800 --> 01:10:31.100 +Building. + +01:10:54.760 --> 01:10:57.100 +The busy intersection of Powell and Market + +01:10:57.100 --> 01:10:59.580 +Streets in downtown San Francisco is + +01:10:59.580 --> 01:11:01.420 +located one of the terminals of the Powell + +01:11:01.420 --> 01:11:04.740 +Street cable car line. To reverse their + +01:11:04.740 --> 01:11:07.360 +direction, the cable cars are pushed onto + +01:11:07.360 --> 01:11:09.540 +the unique turntable and swung around + +01:11:09.540 --> 01:11:11.080 +manually by the motor man and the + +01:11:11.080 --> 01:11:13.180 +conductor, much to the delight of the + +01:11:13.180 --> 01:11:14.160 +riders and spectators. + +01:11:26.300 --> 01:11:28.520 +There is no end to the interesting places + +01:11:28.520 --> 01:11:31.020 +one may visit in San Francisco, the ferry + +01:11:31.020 --> 01:11:33.080 +the library building, the churches and + +01:11:33.080 --> 01:11:33.520 +colleges. + +01:11:36.460 --> 01:11:38.780 +Or the tourist may prefer a leisurely + +01:11:38.780 --> 01:11:40.780 +drive along the many scenic boulevards. + +01:11:51.280 --> 01:11:53.800 +For the true adventurer, there is that + +01:11:53.800 --> 01:11:57.680 +final thrill, a ride down the world's most + +01:11:57.680 --> 01:12:01.340 +crooked streets. Eight hairpin turns in a + +01:12:01.340 --> 01:12:02.000 +single block. + +01:12:36.740 --> 01:12:39.860 +San Francisco, the cosmopolitan city, + +01:12:40.020 --> 01:12:46.620 +queen of the Pacific, the city by the + +01:12:46.620 --> 01:12:47.360 +Golden Gate, + +01:12:50.720 --> 01:12:53.640 +Truly the city of many wonders. + +01:13:17.360 --> 01:13:17.560 +you + +01:13:47.360 --> 01:13:47.560 +you + +01:14:19.860 --> 01:14:21.260 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/bb158br2509_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/bb158br2509_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2595b4d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/bb158br2509_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1778 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:02.060 --> 00:03.900 +All right, now first of all, I'd like to + +00:03.900 --> 00:08.700 +get some background questions. What year + +00:08.700 --> 00:12.100 +are you in college? Senior. And where do + +00:12.100 --> 00:14.520 +you go to college? Stanford. And how many + +00:14.520 --> 00:17.620 +years have you been here? All four. What + +00:17.620 --> 00:19.460 +is your major field of study at Stanford? + +00:19.600 --> 00:23.340 +Oh, it's mathematics. And what do you plan + +00:23.340 --> 00:26.800 +to do after graduation? Computer + +00:26.800 --> 00:30.780 +programming. In this area? Yeah, in San + +00:30.780 --> 00:35.660 +Francisco. Where is your permanent address + +00:35.660 --> 00:37.140 +when you're not living in San Francisco? + +00:37.220 --> 00:42.440 +It's in Fresno, California. And where did + +00:42.440 --> 00:46.140 +you go to high school? In Fresno, McLean + +00:46.140 --> 00:49.620 +High School. Now, did you have much + +00:49.620 --> 00:52.560 +contact with people of different racial or + +00:52.560 --> 00:54.500 +ethnic backgrounds in the high school that + +00:54.500 --> 00:57.140 +you went to? No, there was very little. It + +00:57.140 --> 01:00.340 +was in the part of town where there + +01:00.340 --> 01:03.460 +weren't very many people from other racial + +01:03.460 --> 01:07.460 +groups. Now if you can think back to the + +01:07.460 --> 01:11.320 +time before you came to Stanford as a + +01:11.320 --> 01:13.140 +freshman, can you remember then what your + +01:13.140 --> 01:14.800 +feeling towards civil rights was? + +01:18.260 --> 01:25.160 +Well, I thought that everybody should have + +01:25.160 --> 01:26.920 +the same rights that they didn't, but they + +01:26.920 --> 01:30.880 +should have. People, you know, of all + +01:30.880 --> 01:34.380 +races and groups. Now, would you say that + +01:34.380 --> 01:37.260 +your opinion towards civil rights has + +01:37.260 --> 01:39.600 +changed since coming to Stanford, and if + +01:39.600 --> 01:44.300 +so, how? Well, I've felt more strongly in + +01:44.300 --> 01:46.880 +favor of civil rights, especially since + +01:46.880 --> 01:50.100 +it's become more of an issue since I've + +01:50.100 --> 01:53.340 +been in college. Would you say that you + +01:53.340 --> 01:55.140 +have become more aware of civil rights? + +01:55.360 --> 01:58.260 +Yes, definitely. And what do you think + +01:58.260 --> 02:01.400 +would be the main sources of awareness? + +02:03.460 --> 02:06.900 +Well, a lot of it, like I said, has become + +02:06.900 --> 02:10.420 +an issue. And on college campuses too, or + +02:10.420 --> 02:13.000 +at Stanford, it sort of has become more of + +02:13.000 --> 02:15.800 +an issue. There's more, you can't really + +02:15.800 --> 02:18.220 +avoid the issue anymore. At home, my + +02:18.220 --> 02:21.700 +parents were not exactly tolerant. And + +02:21.700 --> 02:23.500 +they just, I mean, we just didn't discuss + +02:23.500 --> 02:25.720 +it very much at home. But here there's + +02:25.720 --> 02:30.200 +more discussion of it. Well, has your + +02:30.200 --> 02:32.220 +exposure to the Civil Rights Movement been + +02:32.220 --> 02:35.840 +mainly through the mass media, or through + +02:35.840 --> 02:38.280 +talking with friends in the dormitory, or + +02:38.280 --> 02:41.200 +other people that perhaps have gone to + +02:41.200 --> 02:44.760 +work in the Civil Rights Movement? Mostly + +02:44.760 --> 02:49.260 +through the mass media. Some discussion, + +02:49.440 --> 02:51.240 +but not too much. A lot of it's just been, + +02:51.260 --> 02:54.020 +yeah, reading about it, or hearing about + +02:54.020 --> 02:58.620 +it on the news. Now, do you discuss + +02:58.620 --> 03:01.580 +political or social or racial issues very + +03:01.580 --> 03:06.840 +much with your family? Not too much. It's + +03:06.840 --> 03:09.300 +not a subject that we bring up too much + +03:09.300 --> 03:13.020 +because we don't agree. Now, to what + +03:13.020 --> 03:16.180 +extent are you influenced by the feelings + +03:16.180 --> 03:19.040 +of your parents? In other words, if you + +03:19.040 --> 03:21.780 +were strongly in favor of something that, + +03:21.840 --> 03:24.540 +of making some decision that they were + +03:24.540 --> 03:27.520 +opposed to, would their opposition keep + +03:27.520 --> 03:30.700 +you from making that decision? No. I'd + +03:30.700 --> 03:35.520 +consider their point of view and see if + +03:35.520 --> 03:39.160 +that had any bearing on, you know, I'd + +03:39.160 --> 03:41.780 +appreciate their standpoint, but I'd make + +03:41.780 --> 03:44.840 +my own decision regardless of theirs, + +03:45.000 --> 03:48.500 +although I'd listen to what they had to + +03:48.500 --> 03:51.680 +say. Are you financially dependent on your + +03:51.680 --> 03:52.020 +parents? + +03:54.720 --> 03:58.420 +Somewhat. Not entirely. And do you think + +03:58.420 --> 04:01.460 +that this could be a factor in making you + +04:01.460 --> 04:03.860 +go along with their wishes even though you + +04:03.860 --> 04:07.540 +didn't agree with them? Well, not in any + +04:07.540 --> 04:10.040 +major... I mean, not in any personal + +04:10.040 --> 04:11.600 +thing. In things like going to college, + +04:11.640 --> 04:15.840 +yes. But in any personal thing, no. Okay, + +04:16.160 --> 04:18.640 +now you mentioned that your main exposure + +04:18.640 --> 04:20.860 +to the Civil Rights Movement has been the + +04:20.860 --> 04:24.900 +mass media. Now what would you say were + +04:24.900 --> 04:26.680 +the main goals of the Civil Rights + +04:26.680 --> 04:28.260 +Movement as you see it? + +04:32.220 --> 04:36.040 +Well, to provide the same opportunities + +04:36.040 --> 04:41.040 +for everybody, regardless of the color of + +04:41.040 --> 04:43.400 +their skin or their, mostly that's the + +04:43.400 --> 04:47.140 +issue, to give them all the rights that + +04:47.140 --> 04:51.220 +they may not have now, but should have as + +04:51.220 --> 04:53.720 +American citizens. Oh, what rights + +04:53.720 --> 04:55.520 +specifically? Well, voting rights, + +04:55.740 --> 04:59.540 +educational rights, employment + +04:59.540 --> 05:02.640 +opportunities. Are you in favor of these + +05:02.640 --> 05:06.260 +goals of the movement? as long as it's + +05:06.260 --> 05:12.080 +done without making, forcing them into + +05:12.080 --> 05:15.100 +some place where they don't, like saying, + +05:15.200 --> 05:16.880 +well, this man has to be hired because + +05:16.880 --> 05:19.400 +he's a Negro, regardless of whether he may + +05:19.400 --> 05:23.320 +not be as qualified as some white person. + +05:24.020 --> 05:26.000 +I mean, I think that they should be + +05:26.000 --> 05:29.980 +considered, regardless of it, not because + +05:29.980 --> 05:31.700 +they are a Negro or because they are + +05:31.700 --> 05:33.980 +white, but because they are qualified. I + +05:33.980 --> 05:36.400 +think there's sort of a tendency to say, + +05:36.480 --> 05:38.640 +well, now you have to give him a job + +05:38.640 --> 05:40.340 +because he's colored and you have to have + +05:40.340 --> 05:43.060 +so many colored people or something. Well, + +05:43.120 --> 05:47.060 +do you think that the movement is trying + +05:47.060 --> 05:49.100 +to take into consideration the fact that + +05:49.100 --> 05:50.980 +perhaps the Negro has been culturally + +05:50.980 --> 05:53.700 +deprived and maybe he isn't as qualified? + +05:57.720 --> 06:02.980 +I don't know. I don't think, I don't + +06:02.980 --> 06:06.880 +really think that's anything, + +06:07.180 --> 06:09.460 +that's a real apparent thing that they're + +06:09.460 --> 06:11.420 +working at. They're working, it seems to + +06:11.420 --> 06:14.220 +me like they're trying to put him in a + +06:14.220 --> 06:16.220 +position, whether or not he may be as + +06:16.220 --> 06:19.280 +qualified, to make him pretend that he's + +06:19.280 --> 06:22.160 +he's qualified, whether or not he may be, + +06:22.260 --> 06:26.300 +to say he should be qualified, even if he + +06:26.300 --> 06:29.100 +may not be as well educated. What do you + +06:29.100 --> 06:31.400 +think are the means employed by the Civil + +06:31.400 --> 06:34.700 +Rights Movement and are you in favor of + +06:34.700 --> 06:35.200 +these means? + +06:38.540 --> 06:41.080 +Some of the means I'm in favor of and some + +06:41.080 --> 06:43.500 +of them, I think, of course, part of it is + +06:43.500 --> 06:46.380 +keeping interest. I think one of their big + +06:46.380 --> 06:48.260 +things is keeping things stirred up so + +06:48.260 --> 06:49.860 +people are always aware of this instead of + +06:49.860 --> 06:52.200 +just sort of letting it go along as it has + +06:52.200 --> 06:54.240 +for the last hundred years, saying, well, + +06:54.300 --> 06:57.620 +we'll make this, we're all the same, but + +06:57.620 --> 07:02.000 +then letting people discriminate. I think + +07:02.000 --> 07:03.760 +that they're trying to keep it stirred up + +07:03.760 --> 07:05.880 +so that there's active interest and people + +07:05.880 --> 07:09.980 +become interested. But I think some of + +07:09.980 --> 07:12.620 +these South Tantics, well like the + +07:12.620 --> 07:14.680 +Scythians, sometimes they're stirring up + +07:14.680 --> 07:19.120 +antagonism that is really going to not + +07:19.120 --> 07:22.820 +help the cause by really forcing the issue + +07:22.820 --> 07:25.660 +down the throats of the Southerners who + +07:25.660 --> 07:32.440 +aren't quite willing to take it. What is + +07:32.440 --> 07:35.140 +your opinion toward the employment of + +07:35.140 --> 07:37.520 +civil disobedience? Do you feel that this + +07:37.520 --> 07:38.940 +is right or wrong as a method? + +07:42.000 --> 07:47.160 +I think that it... I don't really think + +07:47.160 --> 07:50.360 +that it's right. You mean like fit-ins and + +07:50.360 --> 07:55.560 +that sort of thing? I think are a little + +07:55.560 --> 07:57.580 +strong because I think they create a lot + +07:57.580 --> 08:03.260 +of antagonism that is not necessarily good + +08:03.260 --> 08:07.360 +because it's those who are not + +08:07.360 --> 08:09.260 +particularly in favor of civil rights are + +08:09.260 --> 08:11.360 +not going to be condensed by the fact that + +08:11.360 --> 08:13.420 +all these people are sort of sitting there + +08:13.420 --> 08:20.080 +in their way or doing something to create + +08:20.080 --> 08:23.080 +this antagonism. What kind of means do you + +08:23.080 --> 08:24.120 +think should be employed? + +08:26.840 --> 08:30.600 +That I'm not sure of. I mean, if I thought + +08:30.600 --> 08:33.120 +I knew the answer, I think that a lot of + +08:33.120 --> 08:35.040 +people would like to know it. I'd like to + +08:35.040 --> 08:38.460 +talk to you. Now, as you may have read, a + +08:38.460 --> 08:40.720 +lot of college students from the north, + +08:40.860 --> 08:43.140 +well, from areas other than the south, are + +08:43.140 --> 08:45.380 +going to Mississippi and Alabama and these + +08:45.380 --> 08:47.780 +different areas to work in the civil + +08:47.780 --> 08:51.040 +rights movement as freedom workers, voter + +08:51.040 --> 08:53.400 +registration. Do you know any people that + +08:53.400 --> 08:57.380 +have gone down south in this capacity? A + +08:57.380 --> 09:01.800 +couple. If you think specifically of these + +09:01.800 --> 09:04.940 +people, what is your opinion of these kind + +09:04.940 --> 09:09.840 +of persons that go to the South? Well, of + +09:09.840 --> 09:11.780 +course they're very active. They're people + +09:11.780 --> 09:14.000 +who are very interested and aware of + +09:14.000 --> 09:19.600 +what's going on. Although I think in some + +09:19.600 --> 09:24.060 +cases they may be sort of... well, I think + +09:24.060 --> 09:26.180 +they mean well, but don't quite exactly + +09:26.180 --> 09:28.040 +know what they're going into. Sometimes + +09:28.040 --> 09:31.380 +it's sort of the attitude of they know + +09:31.380 --> 09:34.220 +what should be done, but don't always + +09:34.220 --> 09:38.080 +realize all the circumstances, but are + +09:38.080 --> 09:39.400 +kind of going down there with this fresh, + +09:39.460 --> 09:44.060 +eager look, a little bit naive maybe, + +09:44.580 --> 09:49.020 +thinking that they know what's right, and + +09:49.020 --> 09:50.060 +they're going to go down there and solve + +09:50.060 --> 09:53.820 +the problem for the world. Do you think + +09:53.820 --> 09:55.560 +that the students involved in the Civil + +09:55.560 --> 09:57.240 +Rights Movement are contributing anything + +09:57.240 --> 10:01.140 +to the movement? And if so, what? I think + +10:01.140 --> 10:05.140 +in some cases they can, yes. Like when + +10:05.140 --> 10:07.840 +they're trying to educate the people and + +10:07.840 --> 10:10.860 +to help them, help the Negro people + +10:10.860 --> 10:14.320 +improve themselves. I think they can make + +10:14.320 --> 10:18.660 +a valuable contribution, but sometimes I + +10:18.660 --> 10:22.440 +think with such an influx that they also, + +10:22.700 --> 10:27.180 +the southerners will think, or do think + +10:27.180 --> 10:29.280 +that, you know, all these kids are coming + +10:29.280 --> 10:31.760 +down there and telling us what to do. And + +10:31.760 --> 10:34.140 +I think that they, there's a little too + +10:34.140 --> 10:36.440 +much of it to where they're sort of, you + +10:36.440 --> 10:38.540 +know, it's the attitude of well the north + +10:38.540 --> 10:39.900 +is going to show the south how to run + +10:39.900 --> 10:43.220 +their life, or or their lives and it can + +10:43.220 --> 10:49.040 +create dissension. Now, do you know people + +10:49.040 --> 10:52.940 +within your living group or on campus that + +10:52.940 --> 10:55.220 +are sympathetic towards civil rights but + +10:55.220 --> 10:59.580 +yet have not gone to the South? Yes. Now, + +10:59.700 --> 11:02.640 +what would you think is the difference + +11:02.640 --> 11:04.420 +between someone who is sympathetic towards + +11:04.420 --> 11:07.000 +civil rights in favor of the means being + +11:07.000 --> 11:09.500 +employed and the goals of the civil rights + +11:09.500 --> 11:11.940 +movement and does not go south from the + +11:11.940 --> 11:14.020 +student who does go south? + +11:17.020 --> 11:21.260 +Well, part of it is it takes, you have to + +11:21.260 --> 11:24.760 +be just a little, well, not carefully, but + +11:24.760 --> 11:27.380 +you have to be willing to sort of, you + +11:27.380 --> 11:29.340 +have to be very adventuresome to sort of + +11:29.340 --> 11:31.220 +leave in the middle of school and run down + +11:31.220 --> 11:32.880 +there to do something for a week or two. I + +11:32.880 --> 11:35.700 +think it takes, if somebody really looking + +11:35.700 --> 11:38.120 +for something, I think that those who go + +11:38.120 --> 11:39.480 +down there are sort of looking for + +11:39.480 --> 11:41.600 +something kind of exciting. + +11:44.520 --> 11:46.780 +In addition to wanting to help, I think + +11:46.780 --> 11:48.160 +they're sort of looking for something to + +11:48.160 --> 11:51.560 +get in on. You know, they want to get in + +11:51.560 --> 11:54.220 +on it. Whereas those who stay here, of + +11:54.220 --> 11:56.020 +course someone would like to go and can't. + +11:56.840 --> 12:01.040 +But those who really do go are, in a way, + +12:01.080 --> 12:03.260 +are sort of, you know, it's kind of an + +12:03.260 --> 12:07.340 +adventure in some cases. Do you think the + +12:07.340 --> 12:09.300 +spirit of adventure characterizes the + +12:09.300 --> 12:11.340 +people that you mentioned before that you + +12:11.340 --> 12:13.820 +know that have gone south? Some of them. + +12:14.460 --> 12:16.720 +Some of them, yes, and some of them maybe + +12:16.720 --> 12:19.080 +not so much. I mean, some of them are... + +12:20.020 --> 12:22.220 +They have to be, in a way, sort of + +12:22.220 --> 12:24.000 +adventuresome because it is a long way to + +12:24.000 --> 12:25.660 +go, to go down there for a week or two. + +12:25.820 --> 12:27.680 +And it's something new and sort of + +12:27.680 --> 12:30.340 +different. But there's a lot more to it + +12:30.340 --> 12:34.500 +than that. What do you think it involves + +12:34.500 --> 12:37.400 +besides the spirit of adventure? Well, a + +12:37.400 --> 12:40.800 +basic belief in what they're doing. I + +12:40.800 --> 12:42.680 +mean, it's sort of an idealistic thing + +12:42.680 --> 12:46.000 +that they think that they can... to want + +12:46.000 --> 12:48.820 +to help, but it involves... I mean, they + +12:48.820 --> 12:51.240 +have to honestly want to do something + +12:51.240 --> 12:53.340 +because it's a lot of trouble to go down + +12:53.340 --> 12:55.320 +there. And it's... they're people who are + +12:55.320 --> 12:58.120 +really interested and concerned. How about + +12:58.120 --> 12:59.960 +people that really seem interested and + +12:59.960 --> 13:01.760 +concerned and speak in favor of civil + +13:01.760 --> 13:04.680 +rights, but yet they don't take that final + +13:04.680 --> 13:08.500 +step of going down south? Well, you know, + +13:08.500 --> 13:10.200 +perhaps some of them just aren't able to + +13:10.200 --> 13:14.280 +go in some cases, or else they don't + +13:14.280 --> 13:18.640 +really think that they could, there's + +13:18.640 --> 13:19.980 +anything that they personally could + +13:19.980 --> 13:22.300 +contribute by going down there. I think + +13:22.300 --> 13:25.020 +that that's, in some situations, is + +13:25.020 --> 13:27.800 +probably the case, that they feel that if + +13:27.800 --> 13:29.200 +they, you know, they don't have anything + +13:29.200 --> 13:32.640 +to positively contribute personally by + +13:32.640 --> 13:34.760 +going down there. Now, if you had the + +13:34.760 --> 13:36.880 +opportunity to go to the South as a civil + +13:36.880 --> 13:41.700 +rights worker, would you go? I don't think + +13:41.700 --> 13:45.620 +so, no. And why would you not go? Well, + +13:45.760 --> 13:47.900 +first of all, my parents would just about + +13:47.900 --> 13:52.480 +tell me to forget to come back. I mean, I + +13:52.480 --> 13:57.200 +just hate to... I mean, if I really wanted + +13:57.200 --> 14:01.280 +to go, I'd go anyway. But it would really + +14:01.280 --> 14:03.560 +cause a lot of trouble. But besides that, + +14:03.640 --> 14:06.680 +I don't think that there's that much that + +14:06.680 --> 14:09.240 +I, as one person, could contribute down + +14:09.240 --> 14:10.880 +there. That I wouldn't know what I was + +14:10.880 --> 14:14.480 +going into. to. And exactly, I don't think + +14:14.480 --> 14:16.260 +I know the whole situation. And I'd like + +14:16.260 --> 14:18.040 +to go down and see the situation, but I + +14:18.040 --> 14:21.320 +don't know if I would be qualified to + +14:21.320 --> 14:26.580 +really contribute anything myself. Well, + +14:26.660 --> 14:28.360 +what kind of qualities do you think that + +14:28.360 --> 14:31.260 +SNCC and CORE and the NAACP and these + +14:31.260 --> 14:33.560 +different groups look for in a person? + +14:33.640 --> 14:36.520 +What kind of abilities to be performed in + +14:36.520 --> 14:41.060 +a civil rights worker? Well, it has to be + +14:41.060 --> 14:45.300 +somebody really willing to make the + +14:45.300 --> 14:47.360 +sacrifice of getting down there. I think + +14:47.360 --> 14:51.120 +they pay a lot of their own expenses. And, + +14:51.120 --> 14:54.540 +you know, give up a week or two at school, + +14:54.660 --> 14:56.920 +which a lot of people would like to do if + +14:56.920 --> 15:00.780 +they could. But really it is a sacrifice + +15:00.780 --> 15:04.380 +to go down and work. and it has to be + +15:04.380 --> 15:05.480 +somebody who really believes in what + +15:05.480 --> 15:07.780 +they're doing, enough that they wouldn't + +15:07.780 --> 15:13.220 +get discouraged. And yet I think or at + +15:13.220 --> 15:14.420 +least I hope they're looking for people + +15:14.420 --> 15:16.620 +who aren't going to go down to cause + +15:16.620 --> 15:18.440 +trouble but are going down there sincerely + +15:18.440 --> 15:22.640 +to work and not just do a little bit of + +15:22.640 --> 15:25.700 +rabble-rousing. Now you speak in terms of + +15:25.700 --> 15:27.500 +students that go down for a week or two + +15:27.500 --> 15:30.240 +off school. How about students that go + +15:30.240 --> 15:32.420 +down for the entire summer to give their + +15:32.420 --> 15:33.860 +time, Would you ever consider this + +15:33.860 --> 15:40.700 +possibility? Well, not, I never of course + +15:40.700 --> 15:42.820 +have had a summer when I could just go + +15:42.820 --> 15:48.760 +down, but for myself, I don't think I'd do + +15:48.760 --> 15:51.780 +it. Yeah, I'm pretty sure I wouldn't + +15:51.780 --> 15:55.820 +because it's a long time to go down. And + +15:55.820 --> 15:58.320 +like I said, I don't know if I'd have that + +15:58.320 --> 16:00.120 +much to contribute once I got down there. + +16:01.180 --> 16:03.540 +Now, have you ever been involved in any + +16:03.540 --> 16:05.560 +civil rights activities on a local level? + +16:06.020 --> 16:11.340 +No. Would you foresee the possibility in + +16:11.340 --> 16:13.100 +the future of becoming involved in civil + +16:13.100 --> 16:14.160 +rights on a local level? + +16:17.360 --> 16:20.180 +Oh, perhaps. It would depend on what it + +16:20.180 --> 16:23.640 +was. If it was something that I thought + +16:23.640 --> 16:28.140 +was valuable without being something like + +16:28.140 --> 16:33.960 +a sit-in. and I'd consider it, yes. But do + +16:33.960 --> 16:36.760 +you think that it's more valuable for + +16:36.760 --> 16:40.780 +these college students to go to the South + +16:40.780 --> 16:42.840 +where the civil rights problem has been + +16:42.840 --> 16:46.280 +focused so strongly? Or do you think that + +16:46.280 --> 16:49.340 +it is better for them to work in their own + +16:49.340 --> 16:54.720 +hometowns on problems of civil rights? I + +16:54.720 --> 16:56.680 +think they might do better in their own + +16:56.680 --> 16:59.020 +hometowns where they know the situation a + +16:59.020 --> 17:01.460 +little better and are more known + +17:01.460 --> 17:05.620 +themselves and more apt to be accepted by + +17:05.620 --> 17:09.900 +the community than they would be in, say, + +17:10.040 --> 17:13.340 +a southern community. I think their + +17:13.340 --> 17:16.540 +contribution could be a little more + +17:16.540 --> 17:20.140 +positive at home. Do you think that the + +17:20.140 --> 17:22.020 +civil rights movement in the South has had + +17:22.020 --> 17:24.320 +the effect of making people more + +17:24.320 --> 17:27.120 +interested and more concerned with their + +17:27.120 --> 17:29.420 +own civil rights problems in their + +17:29.420 --> 17:31.280 +respective communities, or do you think + +17:31.280 --> 17:33.600 +that it's had the effect, the opposite + +17:33.600 --> 17:36.880 +effect, of having people shift their own + +17:36.880 --> 17:39.180 +blame to the people of the South? + +17:42.220 --> 17:46.120 +Well, I think sort of both things have + +17:46.120 --> 17:47.780 +happened, depending on the area and + +17:47.780 --> 17:49.240 +depending on the people. there are those + +17:49.240 --> 17:52.600 +who, it seems to me, kind of are sweeping + +17:52.600 --> 17:54.100 +it under the rug and saying, well, they've + +17:54.100 --> 17:55.960 +got the problem and, you know, we really + +17:55.960 --> 17:57.600 +don't have much of a problem, but yet + +17:57.600 --> 18:00.800 +there's a lot, just a lot more interest in + +18:00.800 --> 18:02.420 +general in the problem, and people all + +18:02.420 --> 18:05.760 +over, even in the North, beginning to + +18:05.760 --> 18:09.060 +realize that they have a few racial + +18:09.060 --> 18:11.860 +problems of their own. But I think both + +18:11.860 --> 18:12.780 +things have happened, + +18:15.860 --> 18:18.180 +depending on the area and the group. there + +18:18.180 --> 18:20.000 +seems to be, like in California, there + +18:20.000 --> 18:21.940 +seems to be a lot more, well, interest, + +18:21.940 --> 18:23.600 +say, in San Francisco and Los Angeles + +18:23.600 --> 18:25.560 +there, and even throughout the valley. + +18:26.440 --> 18:29.820 +There's been more interest involved, like + +18:29.820 --> 18:34.120 +in Fresno, in the schools, a little more + +18:34.120 --> 18:39.080 +integration, because all the, sort of, + +18:39.080 --> 18:41.380 +there's one side of town, and then there's + +18:41.380 --> 18:43.780 +the other side of town, And there's one + +18:43.780 --> 18:45.280 +high school that's predominantly Negro + +18:45.280 --> 18:48.740 +and, well, Chinese and everything. But + +18:48.740 --> 18:50.340 +it's really a mixed, and the rest of them + +18:50.340 --> 18:52.940 +are predominantly white. Recently there's + +18:52.940 --> 18:54.980 +been a movement to mix them all around. + +18:55.960 --> 18:58.820 +But this sort of thing has just happened + +18:58.820 --> 19:02.380 +in the last couple of years. And I think + +19:02.380 --> 19:06.080 +more of that is going to come up in a lot + +19:06.080 --> 19:08.840 +of areas. Do you think that you personally + +19:08.840 --> 19:12.260 +have any responsibility in the Civil + +19:12.260 --> 19:18.480 +Rights Movement? And if so, what? Well, I + +19:18.480 --> 19:26.680 +think that I have a responsibility to do + +19:26.680 --> 19:30.080 +what I can. but then that's sort of vague + +19:30.080 --> 19:36.400 +to at least try personally to do, I mean + +19:36.400 --> 19:39.460 +to be sympathetic toward all groups and + +19:39.460 --> 19:42.400 +help them, you know, even in personal + +19:42.400 --> 19:48.280 +contact and not to personally discriminate + +19:48.280 --> 19:53.740 +and to try, of course, Of course, I don't + +19:53.740 --> 19:55.260 +know if I could go out and convince very + +19:55.260 --> 19:58.960 +many people, but I think, just in my own + +19:58.960 --> 20:02.500 +personal affairs, to do what I can. But I + +20:02.500 --> 20:08.620 +don't know, I don't feel that I + +20:08.620 --> 20:11.680 +necessarily should go down and start + +20:11.680 --> 20:13.700 +telling other people what to do just + +20:13.700 --> 20:16.440 +because I would if I thought there were + +20:16.440 --> 20:19.220 +anything valuable would come out of it but + +20:19.220 --> 20:21.480 +I think there might be a lot of + +20:21.480 --> 20:24.440 +resentment. Do you think that the progress + +20:24.440 --> 20:25.900 +of the Civil Rights Movement would + +20:25.900 --> 20:28.900 +continue at the same pace that it is now + +20:28.900 --> 20:30.520 +if there weren't any students going to the + +20:30.520 --> 20:30.720 +South? + +20:33.880 --> 20:36.340 +No, it wouldn't continue at the same pace. + +20:38.700 --> 20:42.920 +But and if there weren't any, if it + +20:42.920 --> 20:44.560 +weren't being pushed right now, things + +20:44.560 --> 20:48.000 +would stay pretty much like they have for + +20:48.000 --> 20:51.140 +the last 100 years. They advance more + +20:51.140 --> 20:52.620 +rapidly because everything is advancing + +20:52.620 --> 20:57.780 +more rapidly. But I think that had it + +20:57.780 --> 20:59.920 +been, the movement been maybe just not + +20:59.920 --> 21:06.200 +quite so strong, it might have been a + +21:06.200 --> 21:07.540 +little, well there had been a little less + +21:07.540 --> 21:10.580 +bloodshed and a little less antagonism. It + +21:10.580 --> 21:14.560 +had to be pushed, but I think it's been + +21:14.560 --> 21:18.360 +pushed a little bit too hard and a little + +21:18.360 --> 21:20.080 +bit too many people have been going down + +21:20.080 --> 21:21.660 +and saying oh we're going to straighten + +21:21.660 --> 21:22.960 +things out for you you don't know what + +21:22.960 --> 21:25.480 +you're doing down here then I think that + +21:25.480 --> 21:27.000 +maybe half the students could have gone + +21:27.000 --> 21:30.940 +down and it would have worked out a little + +21:30.940 --> 21:32.980 +better do you think then minimizing the + +21:32.980 --> 21:34.940 +numbers would have minimized the amount of + +21:34.940 --> 21:37.580 +bloodshed and turmoil well minimizing the + +21:37.580 --> 21:41.400 +whole not just the numbers but the + +21:41.400 --> 21:43.820 +intensity if it it had been just a little + +21:43.820 --> 21:47.800 +less intense, the whole program, I think + +21:47.800 --> 21:52.000 +would have eliminated some of the real + +21:52.000 --> 21:54.660 +bloodshed. Would you say then that you are + +21:54.660 --> 22:01.440 +in favor of not going forth as strongly as + +22:01.440 --> 22:04.560 +the movement presently is at the sacrifice + +22:04.560 --> 22:07.260 +of taking longer for these civil rights to + +22:07.260 --> 22:07.680 +be realized? + +22:10.400 --> 22:14.920 +Yes, I think so, because I think that at + +22:14.920 --> 22:17.140 +the same time it's realizing the civil + +22:17.140 --> 22:22.700 +rights there's a lot of, it's kind of + +22:22.700 --> 22:25.240 +messy. It would be anyway, but I think + +22:25.240 --> 22:28.400 +that it may have taken a little bit + +22:28.400 --> 22:32.620 +longer, but wouldn't have hurt so many + +22:32.620 --> 22:35.600 +people in the meanwhile. I don't know. I + +22:35.600 --> 22:38.580 +mean that's the way it appears to me and + +22:38.580 --> 22:40.940 +that may not be true, but that's sort of + +22:40.940 --> 22:44.680 +the way I would look at it. Okay, now in + +22:44.680 --> 22:47.380 +switching back again to your family + +22:47.380 --> 22:49.540 +background, what is your father's + +22:49.540 --> 22:53.460 +occupation? He's in the lumber business, + +22:53.680 --> 22:57.920 +going into road construction. And is your + +22:57.920 --> 23:00.800 +mother employed? No, she does my father's + +23:00.800 --> 23:01.240 +bookkeeping. + +23:05.240 --> 23:08.500 +Now, have your parents expressed any + +23:08.500 --> 23:10.360 +opinions on the Civil Rights Movement + +23:10.360 --> 23:12.040 +since they've been reading about it in the + +23:12.040 --> 23:16.020 +newspapers and seeing things on + +23:16.020 --> 23:19.880 +television? Oh yes. My father thinks that + +23:19.880 --> 23:22.420 +there are a lot of troublemakers in the + +23:22.420 --> 23:23.700 +South and they only leave things alone. + +23:23.920 --> 23:26.520 +That it was alright and eventually + +23:26.520 --> 23:28.000 +everything would have turned out alright + +23:28.000 --> 23:32.080 +in 200 years I guess. And my father really + +23:32.080 --> 23:35.020 +doesn't have much to say because I think + +23:35.020 --> 23:36.300 +that he probably doesn't agree with her + +23:36.300 --> 23:39.060 +but it's easier to keep quiet than to + +23:39.060 --> 23:42.340 +start a fight so. Have you ever had the + +23:42.340 --> 23:46.980 +opportunity to take question with your + +23:46.980 --> 23:48.600 +mother's pronouncements on the situation + +23:48.600 --> 23:50.520 +or do you assume your father's position? + +23:52.000 --> 23:55.720 +Well, I, a time or two, discussed the + +23:55.720 --> 23:59.420 +subject but we both have our own opinions + +23:59.420 --> 24:02.180 +so we just, I mean I found out their, + +24:02.240 --> 24:06.460 +their sentiments and just sort of left it + +24:06.460 --> 24:09.340 +at that. But do you find that you + +24:09.340 --> 24:12.140 +generally disagree on the goals of the + +24:12.140 --> 24:14.420 +movement or on the means of the movement? + +24:14.660 --> 24:18.080 +It's mostly on the means. The idea, the + +24:18.080 --> 24:20.260 +disagreement and the feeling most of my + +24:20.260 --> 24:23.400 +family, my mother's side of the family. + +24:23.600 --> 24:25.140 +Because my father's side of the family I + +24:25.140 --> 24:28.040 +never see. But their feeling is mostly + +24:28.040 --> 24:30.020 +that it's being pushed too hard. Of + +24:30.020 --> 24:31.100 +course, they're also cold water + +24:31.100 --> 24:34.560 +conservatives, so. I mean, they're just + +24:34.560 --> 24:36.920 +very conservative on the whole thing and + +24:36.920 --> 24:39.120 +they think that it's being pushed and that + +24:39.120 --> 24:41.920 +you just can't do it that way, that you + +24:41.920 --> 24:44.120 +just kind of let it gradually happen over + +24:44.120 --> 24:48.080 +several hundred years, I guess. Well, if + +24:48.080 --> 24:50.060 +someone were just to come up and ask you + +24:50.060 --> 24:52.620 +point blank, what is your opinion of the + +24:52.620 --> 24:57.000 +Civil Rights Movement? Are you in favor of + +24:57.000 --> 24:58.680 +it or not in favor of it? how would you + +24:58.680 --> 25:01.240 +answer? I would say that I was in favor of + +25:01.240 --> 25:04.400 +it, yeah. And in terms of the means of the + +25:04.400 --> 25:04.680 +movement? + +25:07.900 --> 25:10.740 +Generally, I agree with it. I mean, like I + +25:10.740 --> 25:14.760 +said, I have disagreements with it, but on + +25:14.760 --> 25:18.720 +a whole, I think it's, it seemed in the + +25:18.720 --> 25:20.980 +right direction. And do you have any + +25:23.500 --> 25:26.520 +opinions or pictures of the kind of people + +25:26.520 --> 25:28.080 +that are involved in the civil civil + +25:28.080 --> 25:30.680 +rights movement that I impress you either + +25:30.680 --> 25:35.580 +favorably or disfavorably? Well, now I + +25:35.580 --> 25:37.840 +have several different impressions. I + +25:37.840 --> 25:41.200 +mean, I think that, well, I'm sure that + +25:41.200 --> 25:44.280 +there are people who are, most of the + +25:44.280 --> 25:47.200 +people are very sincerely believe in it + +25:47.200 --> 25:50.220 +and are very working hard to do what they + +25:50.220 --> 25:52.260 +think is best. I think there are + +25:52.260 --> 25:55.580 +unfortunately those who who are sort of in + +25:55.580 --> 25:57.820 +it to see what, you know, for a little bit + +25:57.820 --> 26:00.120 +of excitement or because it's the thing to + +26:00.120 --> 26:03.140 +do or to cause a little trouble or + +26:03.140 --> 26:05.580 +something. But I think on the whole, it's + +26:05.580 --> 26:08.360 +those people who really mean well and who + +26:08.360 --> 26:12.840 +are trying to do as best they can. Well, + +26:12.900 --> 26:18.180 +in terms of values and commitment and such + +26:18.180 --> 26:20.060 +toward the situation, how would you think + +26:20.060 --> 26:22.000 +that these people, specifically the ones + +26:22.000 --> 26:24.600 +you know, have gone south would differ + +26:24.600 --> 26:29.280 +from you? Well, among other things, + +26:32.960 --> 26:35.260 +they probably just feel a little more + +26:35.260 --> 26:37.100 +personally involved in the situation, + +26:37.300 --> 26:39.280 +enough to go down there. I mean, it is + +26:39.280 --> 26:44.120 +sort of a long ways from here. And I tend + +26:44.120 --> 26:47.200 +to be a little apathetic. And I think that + +26:47.200 --> 26:49.060 +they're just more vitally interested in + +26:49.060 --> 26:51.320 +it, enough to really run down there and do + +26:51.320 --> 26:54.820 +something. What risks... Oh, I'm sorry, go + +26:54.820 --> 26:58.500 +ahead. Oh, go ahead. I forgot. I'm sorry + +26:58.500 --> 27:00.960 +for interrupting you. What risks do you + +27:00.960 --> 27:02.760 +think would be involved in going to the + +27:02.760 --> 27:02.960 +site? + +27:07.620 --> 27:13.140 +Well, now the risk would... Well, there + +27:13.140 --> 27:14.380 +have been a few people disappeared, + +27:14.540 --> 27:17.020 +although I think that's... I mean, I think + +27:17.020 --> 27:20.120 +that's sort of one or two instances. I + +27:20.120 --> 27:21.900 +don't think that, I don't really think + +27:21.900 --> 27:24.200 +that I would expect to be shot when I was + +27:24.200 --> 27:28.560 +down there. But, um, there is of course + +27:28.560 --> 27:30.300 +the risk of being thrown in jail, the risk + +27:30.300 --> 27:33.260 +of running into a lot of antagonism and a + +27:33.260 --> 27:39.360 +lot of ill feeling. But I don't, maybe + +27:39.360 --> 27:41.700 +getting a rock thrown at you or something. + +27:41.700 --> 27:47.740 +but I don't think there's any huge risk as + +27:47.740 --> 27:52.920 +far as personal + +27:52.920 --> 27:57.980 +injury or anything. The risk I don't think + +27:57.980 --> 28:02.240 +as a person is too great. Do you think the + +28:02.240 --> 28:05.160 +possibility of physical violence to your + +28:05.160 --> 28:08.020 +person, of discomfort in terms of living + +28:08.020 --> 28:10.520 +conditions or possibly being arrested of + +28:10.520 --> 28:13.220 +the erratic schedule that a civil rights + +28:13.220 --> 28:14.840 +worker would have to keep. Do you think + +28:14.840 --> 28:19.620 +that these factors would be any sort of a + +28:19.620 --> 28:23.200 +strong influence toward making you decide + +28:23.200 --> 28:26.240 +not to go? Well, I'd consider them if I + +28:26.240 --> 28:28.600 +thought that they were factors. I think + +28:28.600 --> 28:34.340 +that, I mean, there would be hardships. I + +28:34.340 --> 28:36.540 +might have to sleep in the car or + +28:36.540 --> 28:41.240 +something. But I think that that wouldn't + +28:41.240 --> 28:44.560 +be the main thing I'd consider. What would + +28:44.560 --> 28:46.200 +be the main thing? Whether or not I could + +28:46.200 --> 28:48.340 +really, it would really be worth my while + +28:48.340 --> 28:51.680 +to go down there. I mean, if I thought I + +28:51.680 --> 28:53.280 +was going to get shot at, I really don't + +28:53.280 --> 28:55.500 +think I'd go, because I don't particularly + +28:55.500 --> 28:57.720 +want to dodge bullets, but I don't think + +28:57.720 --> 29:00.300 +that's the case. And I think the + +29:00.300 --> 29:02.040 +consideration would be more whether or not + +29:02.040 --> 29:04.580 +I could do something once I got there. + +29:05.380 --> 29:08.200 +Well, you just stated that one of your + +29:08.200 --> 29:09.740 +main considerations would be whether or + +29:09.740 --> 29:11.840 +not it would be worth your while to go. + +29:12.180 --> 29:14.420 +Now, what do you think you personally + +29:14.420 --> 29:16.720 +could derive from the situation? + +29:19.440 --> 29:22.080 +Well, that I think that I could contribute + +29:22.080 --> 29:24.880 +something. It would be worth something + +29:24.880 --> 29:26.800 +that I could do here. It would be worth + +29:26.800 --> 29:28.920 +leaving what I'm doing here to go down if + +29:28.920 --> 29:32.220 +I thought I could contribute more there + +29:32.220 --> 29:38.560 +and in terms of you know the time I lose + +29:38.560 --> 29:40.060 +here if I thought I could contribute + +29:40.060 --> 29:45.040 +something valuable enough in relation to + +29:45.040 --> 29:49.780 +to what I lose by spending some time down + +29:49.780 --> 29:52.740 +there. What would you lose by spending + +29:52.740 --> 29:56.660 +time down there? Well I'd lose either well + +29:56.660 --> 29:58.240 +Well, actually, I'd lose money if I were + +29:58.240 --> 30:03.200 +working, or time in school, plus all the + +30:03.200 --> 30:08.020 +trouble of getting there. Anything that + +30:08.020 --> 30:11.320 +would... I mean, it is a long ways away. + +30:11.900 --> 30:13.960 +And just the whole trouble of getting + +30:13.960 --> 30:16.520 +ready and going and leaving whatever I + +30:16.520 --> 30:19.060 +might be doing here. I don't know. It + +30:19.060 --> 30:20.700 +would depend on what I was doing at the + +30:20.700 --> 30:25.500 +time, what I'd miss. Now is there any + +30:25.500 --> 30:26.900 +statement that you'd like to make + +30:26.900 --> 30:29.720 +concerning civil rights that I have not + +30:29.720 --> 30:34.360 +asked you about? Not that I can think of. + +30:35.300 --> 30:37.000 +Alrighty, well thank you very much for + +30:37.000 --> 30:38.100 +your time. I appreciate it. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/bb158br2509_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/baseline/bb158br2509_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2595b4d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/bb158br2509_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1778 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:02.060 --> 00:03.900 +All right, now first of all, I'd like to + +00:03.900 --> 00:08.700 +get some background questions. What year + +00:08.700 --> 00:12.100 +are you in college? Senior. And where do + +00:12.100 --> 00:14.520 +you go to college? Stanford. And how many + +00:14.520 --> 00:17.620 +years have you been here? All four. What + +00:17.620 --> 00:19.460 +is your major field of study at Stanford? + +00:19.600 --> 00:23.340 +Oh, it's mathematics. And what do you plan + +00:23.340 --> 00:26.800 +to do after graduation? Computer + +00:26.800 --> 00:30.780 +programming. In this area? Yeah, in San + +00:30.780 --> 00:35.660 +Francisco. Where is your permanent address + +00:35.660 --> 00:37.140 +when you're not living in San Francisco? + +00:37.220 --> 00:42.440 +It's in Fresno, California. And where did + +00:42.440 --> 00:46.140 +you go to high school? In Fresno, McLean + +00:46.140 --> 00:49.620 +High School. Now, did you have much + +00:49.620 --> 00:52.560 +contact with people of different racial or + +00:52.560 --> 00:54.500 +ethnic backgrounds in the high school that + +00:54.500 --> 00:57.140 +you went to? No, there was very little. It + +00:57.140 --> 01:00.340 +was in the part of town where there + +01:00.340 --> 01:03.460 +weren't very many people from other racial + +01:03.460 --> 01:07.460 +groups. Now if you can think back to the + +01:07.460 --> 01:11.320 +time before you came to Stanford as a + +01:11.320 --> 01:13.140 +freshman, can you remember then what your + +01:13.140 --> 01:14.800 +feeling towards civil rights was? + +01:18.260 --> 01:25.160 +Well, I thought that everybody should have + +01:25.160 --> 01:26.920 +the same rights that they didn't, but they + +01:26.920 --> 01:30.880 +should have. People, you know, of all + +01:30.880 --> 01:34.380 +races and groups. Now, would you say that + +01:34.380 --> 01:37.260 +your opinion towards civil rights has + +01:37.260 --> 01:39.600 +changed since coming to Stanford, and if + +01:39.600 --> 01:44.300 +so, how? Well, I've felt more strongly in + +01:44.300 --> 01:46.880 +favor of civil rights, especially since + +01:46.880 --> 01:50.100 +it's become more of an issue since I've + +01:50.100 --> 01:53.340 +been in college. Would you say that you + +01:53.340 --> 01:55.140 +have become more aware of civil rights? + +01:55.360 --> 01:58.260 +Yes, definitely. And what do you think + +01:58.260 --> 02:01.400 +would be the main sources of awareness? + +02:03.460 --> 02:06.900 +Well, a lot of it, like I said, has become + +02:06.900 --> 02:10.420 +an issue. And on college campuses too, or + +02:10.420 --> 02:13.000 +at Stanford, it sort of has become more of + +02:13.000 --> 02:15.800 +an issue. There's more, you can't really + +02:15.800 --> 02:18.220 +avoid the issue anymore. At home, my + +02:18.220 --> 02:21.700 +parents were not exactly tolerant. And + +02:21.700 --> 02:23.500 +they just, I mean, we just didn't discuss + +02:23.500 --> 02:25.720 +it very much at home. But here there's + +02:25.720 --> 02:30.200 +more discussion of it. Well, has your + +02:30.200 --> 02:32.220 +exposure to the Civil Rights Movement been + +02:32.220 --> 02:35.840 +mainly through the mass media, or through + +02:35.840 --> 02:38.280 +talking with friends in the dormitory, or + +02:38.280 --> 02:41.200 +other people that perhaps have gone to + +02:41.200 --> 02:44.760 +work in the Civil Rights Movement? Mostly + +02:44.760 --> 02:49.260 +through the mass media. Some discussion, + +02:49.440 --> 02:51.240 +but not too much. A lot of it's just been, + +02:51.260 --> 02:54.020 +yeah, reading about it, or hearing about + +02:54.020 --> 02:58.620 +it on the news. Now, do you discuss + +02:58.620 --> 03:01.580 +political or social or racial issues very + +03:01.580 --> 03:06.840 +much with your family? Not too much. It's + +03:06.840 --> 03:09.300 +not a subject that we bring up too much + +03:09.300 --> 03:13.020 +because we don't agree. Now, to what + +03:13.020 --> 03:16.180 +extent are you influenced by the feelings + +03:16.180 --> 03:19.040 +of your parents? In other words, if you + +03:19.040 --> 03:21.780 +were strongly in favor of something that, + +03:21.840 --> 03:24.540 +of making some decision that they were + +03:24.540 --> 03:27.520 +opposed to, would their opposition keep + +03:27.520 --> 03:30.700 +you from making that decision? No. I'd + +03:30.700 --> 03:35.520 +consider their point of view and see if + +03:35.520 --> 03:39.160 +that had any bearing on, you know, I'd + +03:39.160 --> 03:41.780 +appreciate their standpoint, but I'd make + +03:41.780 --> 03:44.840 +my own decision regardless of theirs, + +03:45.000 --> 03:48.500 +although I'd listen to what they had to + +03:48.500 --> 03:51.680 +say. Are you financially dependent on your + +03:51.680 --> 03:52.020 +parents? + +03:54.720 --> 03:58.420 +Somewhat. Not entirely. And do you think + +03:58.420 --> 04:01.460 +that this could be a factor in making you + +04:01.460 --> 04:03.860 +go along with their wishes even though you + +04:03.860 --> 04:07.540 +didn't agree with them? Well, not in any + +04:07.540 --> 04:10.040 +major... I mean, not in any personal + +04:10.040 --> 04:11.600 +thing. In things like going to college, + +04:11.640 --> 04:15.840 +yes. But in any personal thing, no. Okay, + +04:16.160 --> 04:18.640 +now you mentioned that your main exposure + +04:18.640 --> 04:20.860 +to the Civil Rights Movement has been the + +04:20.860 --> 04:24.900 +mass media. Now what would you say were + +04:24.900 --> 04:26.680 +the main goals of the Civil Rights + +04:26.680 --> 04:28.260 +Movement as you see it? + +04:32.220 --> 04:36.040 +Well, to provide the same opportunities + +04:36.040 --> 04:41.040 +for everybody, regardless of the color of + +04:41.040 --> 04:43.400 +their skin or their, mostly that's the + +04:43.400 --> 04:47.140 +issue, to give them all the rights that + +04:47.140 --> 04:51.220 +they may not have now, but should have as + +04:51.220 --> 04:53.720 +American citizens. Oh, what rights + +04:53.720 --> 04:55.520 +specifically? Well, voting rights, + +04:55.740 --> 04:59.540 +educational rights, employment + +04:59.540 --> 05:02.640 +opportunities. Are you in favor of these + +05:02.640 --> 05:06.260 +goals of the movement? as long as it's + +05:06.260 --> 05:12.080 +done without making, forcing them into + +05:12.080 --> 05:15.100 +some place where they don't, like saying, + +05:15.200 --> 05:16.880 +well, this man has to be hired because + +05:16.880 --> 05:19.400 +he's a Negro, regardless of whether he may + +05:19.400 --> 05:23.320 +not be as qualified as some white person. + +05:24.020 --> 05:26.000 +I mean, I think that they should be + +05:26.000 --> 05:29.980 +considered, regardless of it, not because + +05:29.980 --> 05:31.700 +they are a Negro or because they are + +05:31.700 --> 05:33.980 +white, but because they are qualified. I + +05:33.980 --> 05:36.400 +think there's sort of a tendency to say, + +05:36.480 --> 05:38.640 +well, now you have to give him a job + +05:38.640 --> 05:40.340 +because he's colored and you have to have + +05:40.340 --> 05:43.060 +so many colored people or something. Well, + +05:43.120 --> 05:47.060 +do you think that the movement is trying + +05:47.060 --> 05:49.100 +to take into consideration the fact that + +05:49.100 --> 05:50.980 +perhaps the Negro has been culturally + +05:50.980 --> 05:53.700 +deprived and maybe he isn't as qualified? + +05:57.720 --> 06:02.980 +I don't know. I don't think, I don't + +06:02.980 --> 06:06.880 +really think that's anything, + +06:07.180 --> 06:09.460 +that's a real apparent thing that they're + +06:09.460 --> 06:11.420 +working at. They're working, it seems to + +06:11.420 --> 06:14.220 +me like they're trying to put him in a + +06:14.220 --> 06:16.220 +position, whether or not he may be as + +06:16.220 --> 06:19.280 +qualified, to make him pretend that he's + +06:19.280 --> 06:22.160 +he's qualified, whether or not he may be, + +06:22.260 --> 06:26.300 +to say he should be qualified, even if he + +06:26.300 --> 06:29.100 +may not be as well educated. What do you + +06:29.100 --> 06:31.400 +think are the means employed by the Civil + +06:31.400 --> 06:34.700 +Rights Movement and are you in favor of + +06:34.700 --> 06:35.200 +these means? + +06:38.540 --> 06:41.080 +Some of the means I'm in favor of and some + +06:41.080 --> 06:43.500 +of them, I think, of course, part of it is + +06:43.500 --> 06:46.380 +keeping interest. I think one of their big + +06:46.380 --> 06:48.260 +things is keeping things stirred up so + +06:48.260 --> 06:49.860 +people are always aware of this instead of + +06:49.860 --> 06:52.200 +just sort of letting it go along as it has + +06:52.200 --> 06:54.240 +for the last hundred years, saying, well, + +06:54.300 --> 06:57.620 +we'll make this, we're all the same, but + +06:57.620 --> 07:02.000 +then letting people discriminate. I think + +07:02.000 --> 07:03.760 +that they're trying to keep it stirred up + +07:03.760 --> 07:05.880 +so that there's active interest and people + +07:05.880 --> 07:09.980 +become interested. But I think some of + +07:09.980 --> 07:12.620 +these South Tantics, well like the + +07:12.620 --> 07:14.680 +Scythians, sometimes they're stirring up + +07:14.680 --> 07:19.120 +antagonism that is really going to not + +07:19.120 --> 07:22.820 +help the cause by really forcing the issue + +07:22.820 --> 07:25.660 +down the throats of the Southerners who + +07:25.660 --> 07:32.440 +aren't quite willing to take it. What is + +07:32.440 --> 07:35.140 +your opinion toward the employment of + +07:35.140 --> 07:37.520 +civil disobedience? Do you feel that this + +07:37.520 --> 07:38.940 +is right or wrong as a method? + +07:42.000 --> 07:47.160 +I think that it... I don't really think + +07:47.160 --> 07:50.360 +that it's right. You mean like fit-ins and + +07:50.360 --> 07:55.560 +that sort of thing? I think are a little + +07:55.560 --> 07:57.580 +strong because I think they create a lot + +07:57.580 --> 08:03.260 +of antagonism that is not necessarily good + +08:03.260 --> 08:07.360 +because it's those who are not + +08:07.360 --> 08:09.260 +particularly in favor of civil rights are + +08:09.260 --> 08:11.360 +not going to be condensed by the fact that + +08:11.360 --> 08:13.420 +all these people are sort of sitting there + +08:13.420 --> 08:20.080 +in their way or doing something to create + +08:20.080 --> 08:23.080 +this antagonism. What kind of means do you + +08:23.080 --> 08:24.120 +think should be employed? + +08:26.840 --> 08:30.600 +That I'm not sure of. I mean, if I thought + +08:30.600 --> 08:33.120 +I knew the answer, I think that a lot of + +08:33.120 --> 08:35.040 +people would like to know it. I'd like to + +08:35.040 --> 08:38.460 +talk to you. Now, as you may have read, a + +08:38.460 --> 08:40.720 +lot of college students from the north, + +08:40.860 --> 08:43.140 +well, from areas other than the south, are + +08:43.140 --> 08:45.380 +going to Mississippi and Alabama and these + +08:45.380 --> 08:47.780 +different areas to work in the civil + +08:47.780 --> 08:51.040 +rights movement as freedom workers, voter + +08:51.040 --> 08:53.400 +registration. Do you know any people that + +08:53.400 --> 08:57.380 +have gone down south in this capacity? A + +08:57.380 --> 09:01.800 +couple. If you think specifically of these + +09:01.800 --> 09:04.940 +people, what is your opinion of these kind + +09:04.940 --> 09:09.840 +of persons that go to the South? Well, of + +09:09.840 --> 09:11.780 +course they're very active. They're people + +09:11.780 --> 09:14.000 +who are very interested and aware of + +09:14.000 --> 09:19.600 +what's going on. Although I think in some + +09:19.600 --> 09:24.060 +cases they may be sort of... well, I think + +09:24.060 --> 09:26.180 +they mean well, but don't quite exactly + +09:26.180 --> 09:28.040 +know what they're going into. Sometimes + +09:28.040 --> 09:31.380 +it's sort of the attitude of they know + +09:31.380 --> 09:34.220 +what should be done, but don't always + +09:34.220 --> 09:38.080 +realize all the circumstances, but are + +09:38.080 --> 09:39.400 +kind of going down there with this fresh, + +09:39.460 --> 09:44.060 +eager look, a little bit naive maybe, + +09:44.580 --> 09:49.020 +thinking that they know what's right, and + +09:49.020 --> 09:50.060 +they're going to go down there and solve + +09:50.060 --> 09:53.820 +the problem for the world. Do you think + +09:53.820 --> 09:55.560 +that the students involved in the Civil + +09:55.560 --> 09:57.240 +Rights Movement are contributing anything + +09:57.240 --> 10:01.140 +to the movement? And if so, what? I think + +10:01.140 --> 10:05.140 +in some cases they can, yes. Like when + +10:05.140 --> 10:07.840 +they're trying to educate the people and + +10:07.840 --> 10:10.860 +to help them, help the Negro people + +10:10.860 --> 10:14.320 +improve themselves. I think they can make + +10:14.320 --> 10:18.660 +a valuable contribution, but sometimes I + +10:18.660 --> 10:22.440 +think with such an influx that they also, + +10:22.700 --> 10:27.180 +the southerners will think, or do think + +10:27.180 --> 10:29.280 +that, you know, all these kids are coming + +10:29.280 --> 10:31.760 +down there and telling us what to do. And + +10:31.760 --> 10:34.140 +I think that they, there's a little too + +10:34.140 --> 10:36.440 +much of it to where they're sort of, you + +10:36.440 --> 10:38.540 +know, it's the attitude of well the north + +10:38.540 --> 10:39.900 +is going to show the south how to run + +10:39.900 --> 10:43.220 +their life, or or their lives and it can + +10:43.220 --> 10:49.040 +create dissension. Now, do you know people + +10:49.040 --> 10:52.940 +within your living group or on campus that + +10:52.940 --> 10:55.220 +are sympathetic towards civil rights but + +10:55.220 --> 10:59.580 +yet have not gone to the South? Yes. Now, + +10:59.700 --> 11:02.640 +what would you think is the difference + +11:02.640 --> 11:04.420 +between someone who is sympathetic towards + +11:04.420 --> 11:07.000 +civil rights in favor of the means being + +11:07.000 --> 11:09.500 +employed and the goals of the civil rights + +11:09.500 --> 11:11.940 +movement and does not go south from the + +11:11.940 --> 11:14.020 +student who does go south? + +11:17.020 --> 11:21.260 +Well, part of it is it takes, you have to + +11:21.260 --> 11:24.760 +be just a little, well, not carefully, but + +11:24.760 --> 11:27.380 +you have to be willing to sort of, you + +11:27.380 --> 11:29.340 +have to be very adventuresome to sort of + +11:29.340 --> 11:31.220 +leave in the middle of school and run down + +11:31.220 --> 11:32.880 +there to do something for a week or two. I + +11:32.880 --> 11:35.700 +think it takes, if somebody really looking + +11:35.700 --> 11:38.120 +for something, I think that those who go + +11:38.120 --> 11:39.480 +down there are sort of looking for + +11:39.480 --> 11:41.600 +something kind of exciting. + +11:44.520 --> 11:46.780 +In addition to wanting to help, I think + +11:46.780 --> 11:48.160 +they're sort of looking for something to + +11:48.160 --> 11:51.560 +get in on. You know, they want to get in + +11:51.560 --> 11:54.220 +on it. Whereas those who stay here, of + +11:54.220 --> 11:56.020 +course someone would like to go and can't. + +11:56.840 --> 12:01.040 +But those who really do go are, in a way, + +12:01.080 --> 12:03.260 +are sort of, you know, it's kind of an + +12:03.260 --> 12:07.340 +adventure in some cases. Do you think the + +12:07.340 --> 12:09.300 +spirit of adventure characterizes the + +12:09.300 --> 12:11.340 +people that you mentioned before that you + +12:11.340 --> 12:13.820 +know that have gone south? Some of them. + +12:14.460 --> 12:16.720 +Some of them, yes, and some of them maybe + +12:16.720 --> 12:19.080 +not so much. I mean, some of them are... + +12:20.020 --> 12:22.220 +They have to be, in a way, sort of + +12:22.220 --> 12:24.000 +adventuresome because it is a long way to + +12:24.000 --> 12:25.660 +go, to go down there for a week or two. + +12:25.820 --> 12:27.680 +And it's something new and sort of + +12:27.680 --> 12:30.340 +different. But there's a lot more to it + +12:30.340 --> 12:34.500 +than that. What do you think it involves + +12:34.500 --> 12:37.400 +besides the spirit of adventure? Well, a + +12:37.400 --> 12:40.800 +basic belief in what they're doing. I + +12:40.800 --> 12:42.680 +mean, it's sort of an idealistic thing + +12:42.680 --> 12:46.000 +that they think that they can... to want + +12:46.000 --> 12:48.820 +to help, but it involves... I mean, they + +12:48.820 --> 12:51.240 +have to honestly want to do something + +12:51.240 --> 12:53.340 +because it's a lot of trouble to go down + +12:53.340 --> 12:55.320 +there. And it's... they're people who are + +12:55.320 --> 12:58.120 +really interested and concerned. How about + +12:58.120 --> 12:59.960 +people that really seem interested and + +12:59.960 --> 13:01.760 +concerned and speak in favor of civil + +13:01.760 --> 13:04.680 +rights, but yet they don't take that final + +13:04.680 --> 13:08.500 +step of going down south? Well, you know, + +13:08.500 --> 13:10.200 +perhaps some of them just aren't able to + +13:10.200 --> 13:14.280 +go in some cases, or else they don't + +13:14.280 --> 13:18.640 +really think that they could, there's + +13:18.640 --> 13:19.980 +anything that they personally could + +13:19.980 --> 13:22.300 +contribute by going down there. I think + +13:22.300 --> 13:25.020 +that that's, in some situations, is + +13:25.020 --> 13:27.800 +probably the case, that they feel that if + +13:27.800 --> 13:29.200 +they, you know, they don't have anything + +13:29.200 --> 13:32.640 +to positively contribute personally by + +13:32.640 --> 13:34.760 +going down there. Now, if you had the + +13:34.760 --> 13:36.880 +opportunity to go to the South as a civil + +13:36.880 --> 13:41.700 +rights worker, would you go? I don't think + +13:41.700 --> 13:45.620 +so, no. And why would you not go? Well, + +13:45.760 --> 13:47.900 +first of all, my parents would just about + +13:47.900 --> 13:52.480 +tell me to forget to come back. I mean, I + +13:52.480 --> 13:57.200 +just hate to... I mean, if I really wanted + +13:57.200 --> 14:01.280 +to go, I'd go anyway. But it would really + +14:01.280 --> 14:03.560 +cause a lot of trouble. But besides that, + +14:03.640 --> 14:06.680 +I don't think that there's that much that + +14:06.680 --> 14:09.240 +I, as one person, could contribute down + +14:09.240 --> 14:10.880 +there. That I wouldn't know what I was + +14:10.880 --> 14:14.480 +going into. to. And exactly, I don't think + +14:14.480 --> 14:16.260 +I know the whole situation. And I'd like + +14:16.260 --> 14:18.040 +to go down and see the situation, but I + +14:18.040 --> 14:21.320 +don't know if I would be qualified to + +14:21.320 --> 14:26.580 +really contribute anything myself. Well, + +14:26.660 --> 14:28.360 +what kind of qualities do you think that + +14:28.360 --> 14:31.260 +SNCC and CORE and the NAACP and these + +14:31.260 --> 14:33.560 +different groups look for in a person? + +14:33.640 --> 14:36.520 +What kind of abilities to be performed in + +14:36.520 --> 14:41.060 +a civil rights worker? Well, it has to be + +14:41.060 --> 14:45.300 +somebody really willing to make the + +14:45.300 --> 14:47.360 +sacrifice of getting down there. I think + +14:47.360 --> 14:51.120 +they pay a lot of their own expenses. And, + +14:51.120 --> 14:54.540 +you know, give up a week or two at school, + +14:54.660 --> 14:56.920 +which a lot of people would like to do if + +14:56.920 --> 15:00.780 +they could. But really it is a sacrifice + +15:00.780 --> 15:04.380 +to go down and work. and it has to be + +15:04.380 --> 15:05.480 +somebody who really believes in what + +15:05.480 --> 15:07.780 +they're doing, enough that they wouldn't + +15:07.780 --> 15:13.220 +get discouraged. And yet I think or at + +15:13.220 --> 15:14.420 +least I hope they're looking for people + +15:14.420 --> 15:16.620 +who aren't going to go down to cause + +15:16.620 --> 15:18.440 +trouble but are going down there sincerely + +15:18.440 --> 15:22.640 +to work and not just do a little bit of + +15:22.640 --> 15:25.700 +rabble-rousing. Now you speak in terms of + +15:25.700 --> 15:27.500 +students that go down for a week or two + +15:27.500 --> 15:30.240 +off school. How about students that go + +15:30.240 --> 15:32.420 +down for the entire summer to give their + +15:32.420 --> 15:33.860 +time, Would you ever consider this + +15:33.860 --> 15:40.700 +possibility? Well, not, I never of course + +15:40.700 --> 15:42.820 +have had a summer when I could just go + +15:42.820 --> 15:48.760 +down, but for myself, I don't think I'd do + +15:48.760 --> 15:51.780 +it. Yeah, I'm pretty sure I wouldn't + +15:51.780 --> 15:55.820 +because it's a long time to go down. And + +15:55.820 --> 15:58.320 +like I said, I don't know if I'd have that + +15:58.320 --> 16:00.120 +much to contribute once I got down there. + +16:01.180 --> 16:03.540 +Now, have you ever been involved in any + +16:03.540 --> 16:05.560 +civil rights activities on a local level? + +16:06.020 --> 16:11.340 +No. Would you foresee the possibility in + +16:11.340 --> 16:13.100 +the future of becoming involved in civil + +16:13.100 --> 16:14.160 +rights on a local level? + +16:17.360 --> 16:20.180 +Oh, perhaps. It would depend on what it + +16:20.180 --> 16:23.640 +was. If it was something that I thought + +16:23.640 --> 16:28.140 +was valuable without being something like + +16:28.140 --> 16:33.960 +a sit-in. and I'd consider it, yes. But do + +16:33.960 --> 16:36.760 +you think that it's more valuable for + +16:36.760 --> 16:40.780 +these college students to go to the South + +16:40.780 --> 16:42.840 +where the civil rights problem has been + +16:42.840 --> 16:46.280 +focused so strongly? Or do you think that + +16:46.280 --> 16:49.340 +it is better for them to work in their own + +16:49.340 --> 16:54.720 +hometowns on problems of civil rights? I + +16:54.720 --> 16:56.680 +think they might do better in their own + +16:56.680 --> 16:59.020 +hometowns where they know the situation a + +16:59.020 --> 17:01.460 +little better and are more known + +17:01.460 --> 17:05.620 +themselves and more apt to be accepted by + +17:05.620 --> 17:09.900 +the community than they would be in, say, + +17:10.040 --> 17:13.340 +a southern community. I think their + +17:13.340 --> 17:16.540 +contribution could be a little more + +17:16.540 --> 17:20.140 +positive at home. Do you think that the + +17:20.140 --> 17:22.020 +civil rights movement in the South has had + +17:22.020 --> 17:24.320 +the effect of making people more + +17:24.320 --> 17:27.120 +interested and more concerned with their + +17:27.120 --> 17:29.420 +own civil rights problems in their + +17:29.420 --> 17:31.280 +respective communities, or do you think + +17:31.280 --> 17:33.600 +that it's had the effect, the opposite + +17:33.600 --> 17:36.880 +effect, of having people shift their own + +17:36.880 --> 17:39.180 +blame to the people of the South? + +17:42.220 --> 17:46.120 +Well, I think sort of both things have + +17:46.120 --> 17:47.780 +happened, depending on the area and + +17:47.780 --> 17:49.240 +depending on the people. there are those + +17:49.240 --> 17:52.600 +who, it seems to me, kind of are sweeping + +17:52.600 --> 17:54.100 +it under the rug and saying, well, they've + +17:54.100 --> 17:55.960 +got the problem and, you know, we really + +17:55.960 --> 17:57.600 +don't have much of a problem, but yet + +17:57.600 --> 18:00.800 +there's a lot, just a lot more interest in + +18:00.800 --> 18:02.420 +general in the problem, and people all + +18:02.420 --> 18:05.760 +over, even in the North, beginning to + +18:05.760 --> 18:09.060 +realize that they have a few racial + +18:09.060 --> 18:11.860 +problems of their own. But I think both + +18:11.860 --> 18:12.780 +things have happened, + +18:15.860 --> 18:18.180 +depending on the area and the group. there + +18:18.180 --> 18:20.000 +seems to be, like in California, there + +18:20.000 --> 18:21.940 +seems to be a lot more, well, interest, + +18:21.940 --> 18:23.600 +say, in San Francisco and Los Angeles + +18:23.600 --> 18:25.560 +there, and even throughout the valley. + +18:26.440 --> 18:29.820 +There's been more interest involved, like + +18:29.820 --> 18:34.120 +in Fresno, in the schools, a little more + +18:34.120 --> 18:39.080 +integration, because all the, sort of, + +18:39.080 --> 18:41.380 +there's one side of town, and then there's + +18:41.380 --> 18:43.780 +the other side of town, And there's one + +18:43.780 --> 18:45.280 +high school that's predominantly Negro + +18:45.280 --> 18:48.740 +and, well, Chinese and everything. But + +18:48.740 --> 18:50.340 +it's really a mixed, and the rest of them + +18:50.340 --> 18:52.940 +are predominantly white. Recently there's + +18:52.940 --> 18:54.980 +been a movement to mix them all around. + +18:55.960 --> 18:58.820 +But this sort of thing has just happened + +18:58.820 --> 19:02.380 +in the last couple of years. And I think + +19:02.380 --> 19:06.080 +more of that is going to come up in a lot + +19:06.080 --> 19:08.840 +of areas. Do you think that you personally + +19:08.840 --> 19:12.260 +have any responsibility in the Civil + +19:12.260 --> 19:18.480 +Rights Movement? And if so, what? Well, I + +19:18.480 --> 19:26.680 +think that I have a responsibility to do + +19:26.680 --> 19:30.080 +what I can. but then that's sort of vague + +19:30.080 --> 19:36.400 +to at least try personally to do, I mean + +19:36.400 --> 19:39.460 +to be sympathetic toward all groups and + +19:39.460 --> 19:42.400 +help them, you know, even in personal + +19:42.400 --> 19:48.280 +contact and not to personally discriminate + +19:48.280 --> 19:53.740 +and to try, of course, Of course, I don't + +19:53.740 --> 19:55.260 +know if I could go out and convince very + +19:55.260 --> 19:58.960 +many people, but I think, just in my own + +19:58.960 --> 20:02.500 +personal affairs, to do what I can. But I + +20:02.500 --> 20:08.620 +don't know, I don't feel that I + +20:08.620 --> 20:11.680 +necessarily should go down and start + +20:11.680 --> 20:13.700 +telling other people what to do just + +20:13.700 --> 20:16.440 +because I would if I thought there were + +20:16.440 --> 20:19.220 +anything valuable would come out of it but + +20:19.220 --> 20:21.480 +I think there might be a lot of + +20:21.480 --> 20:24.440 +resentment. Do you think that the progress + +20:24.440 --> 20:25.900 +of the Civil Rights Movement would + +20:25.900 --> 20:28.900 +continue at the same pace that it is now + +20:28.900 --> 20:30.520 +if there weren't any students going to the + +20:30.520 --> 20:30.720 +South? + +20:33.880 --> 20:36.340 +No, it wouldn't continue at the same pace. + +20:38.700 --> 20:42.920 +But and if there weren't any, if it + +20:42.920 --> 20:44.560 +weren't being pushed right now, things + +20:44.560 --> 20:48.000 +would stay pretty much like they have for + +20:48.000 --> 20:51.140 +the last 100 years. They advance more + +20:51.140 --> 20:52.620 +rapidly because everything is advancing + +20:52.620 --> 20:57.780 +more rapidly. But I think that had it + +20:57.780 --> 20:59.920 +been, the movement been maybe just not + +20:59.920 --> 21:06.200 +quite so strong, it might have been a + +21:06.200 --> 21:07.540 +little, well there had been a little less + +21:07.540 --> 21:10.580 +bloodshed and a little less antagonism. It + +21:10.580 --> 21:14.560 +had to be pushed, but I think it's been + +21:14.560 --> 21:18.360 +pushed a little bit too hard and a little + +21:18.360 --> 21:20.080 +bit too many people have been going down + +21:20.080 --> 21:21.660 +and saying oh we're going to straighten + +21:21.660 --> 21:22.960 +things out for you you don't know what + +21:22.960 --> 21:25.480 +you're doing down here then I think that + +21:25.480 --> 21:27.000 +maybe half the students could have gone + +21:27.000 --> 21:30.940 +down and it would have worked out a little + +21:30.940 --> 21:32.980 +better do you think then minimizing the + +21:32.980 --> 21:34.940 +numbers would have minimized the amount of + +21:34.940 --> 21:37.580 +bloodshed and turmoil well minimizing the + +21:37.580 --> 21:41.400 +whole not just the numbers but the + +21:41.400 --> 21:43.820 +intensity if it it had been just a little + +21:43.820 --> 21:47.800 +less intense, the whole program, I think + +21:47.800 --> 21:52.000 +would have eliminated some of the real + +21:52.000 --> 21:54.660 +bloodshed. Would you say then that you are + +21:54.660 --> 22:01.440 +in favor of not going forth as strongly as + +22:01.440 --> 22:04.560 +the movement presently is at the sacrifice + +22:04.560 --> 22:07.260 +of taking longer for these civil rights to + +22:07.260 --> 22:07.680 +be realized? + +22:10.400 --> 22:14.920 +Yes, I think so, because I think that at + +22:14.920 --> 22:17.140 +the same time it's realizing the civil + +22:17.140 --> 22:22.700 +rights there's a lot of, it's kind of + +22:22.700 --> 22:25.240 +messy. It would be anyway, but I think + +22:25.240 --> 22:28.400 +that it may have taken a little bit + +22:28.400 --> 22:32.620 +longer, but wouldn't have hurt so many + +22:32.620 --> 22:35.600 +people in the meanwhile. I don't know. I + +22:35.600 --> 22:38.580 +mean that's the way it appears to me and + +22:38.580 --> 22:40.940 +that may not be true, but that's sort of + +22:40.940 --> 22:44.680 +the way I would look at it. Okay, now in + +22:44.680 --> 22:47.380 +switching back again to your family + +22:47.380 --> 22:49.540 +background, what is your father's + +22:49.540 --> 22:53.460 +occupation? He's in the lumber business, + +22:53.680 --> 22:57.920 +going into road construction. And is your + +22:57.920 --> 23:00.800 +mother employed? No, she does my father's + +23:00.800 --> 23:01.240 +bookkeeping. + +23:05.240 --> 23:08.500 +Now, have your parents expressed any + +23:08.500 --> 23:10.360 +opinions on the Civil Rights Movement + +23:10.360 --> 23:12.040 +since they've been reading about it in the + +23:12.040 --> 23:16.020 +newspapers and seeing things on + +23:16.020 --> 23:19.880 +television? Oh yes. My father thinks that + +23:19.880 --> 23:22.420 +there are a lot of troublemakers in the + +23:22.420 --> 23:23.700 +South and they only leave things alone. + +23:23.920 --> 23:26.520 +That it was alright and eventually + +23:26.520 --> 23:28.000 +everything would have turned out alright + +23:28.000 --> 23:32.080 +in 200 years I guess. And my father really + +23:32.080 --> 23:35.020 +doesn't have much to say because I think + +23:35.020 --> 23:36.300 +that he probably doesn't agree with her + +23:36.300 --> 23:39.060 +but it's easier to keep quiet than to + +23:39.060 --> 23:42.340 +start a fight so. Have you ever had the + +23:42.340 --> 23:46.980 +opportunity to take question with your + +23:46.980 --> 23:48.600 +mother's pronouncements on the situation + +23:48.600 --> 23:50.520 +or do you assume your father's position? + +23:52.000 --> 23:55.720 +Well, I, a time or two, discussed the + +23:55.720 --> 23:59.420 +subject but we both have our own opinions + +23:59.420 --> 24:02.180 +so we just, I mean I found out their, + +24:02.240 --> 24:06.460 +their sentiments and just sort of left it + +24:06.460 --> 24:09.340 +at that. But do you find that you + +24:09.340 --> 24:12.140 +generally disagree on the goals of the + +24:12.140 --> 24:14.420 +movement or on the means of the movement? + +24:14.660 --> 24:18.080 +It's mostly on the means. The idea, the + +24:18.080 --> 24:20.260 +disagreement and the feeling most of my + +24:20.260 --> 24:23.400 +family, my mother's side of the family. + +24:23.600 --> 24:25.140 +Because my father's side of the family I + +24:25.140 --> 24:28.040 +never see. But their feeling is mostly + +24:28.040 --> 24:30.020 +that it's being pushed too hard. Of + +24:30.020 --> 24:31.100 +course, they're also cold water + +24:31.100 --> 24:34.560 +conservatives, so. I mean, they're just + +24:34.560 --> 24:36.920 +very conservative on the whole thing and + +24:36.920 --> 24:39.120 +they think that it's being pushed and that + +24:39.120 --> 24:41.920 +you just can't do it that way, that you + +24:41.920 --> 24:44.120 +just kind of let it gradually happen over + +24:44.120 --> 24:48.080 +several hundred years, I guess. Well, if + +24:48.080 --> 24:50.060 +someone were just to come up and ask you + +24:50.060 --> 24:52.620 +point blank, what is your opinion of the + +24:52.620 --> 24:57.000 +Civil Rights Movement? Are you in favor of + +24:57.000 --> 24:58.680 +it or not in favor of it? how would you + +24:58.680 --> 25:01.240 +answer? I would say that I was in favor of + +25:01.240 --> 25:04.400 +it, yeah. And in terms of the means of the + +25:04.400 --> 25:04.680 +movement? + +25:07.900 --> 25:10.740 +Generally, I agree with it. I mean, like I + +25:10.740 --> 25:14.760 +said, I have disagreements with it, but on + +25:14.760 --> 25:18.720 +a whole, I think it's, it seemed in the + +25:18.720 --> 25:20.980 +right direction. And do you have any + +25:23.500 --> 25:26.520 +opinions or pictures of the kind of people + +25:26.520 --> 25:28.080 +that are involved in the civil civil + +25:28.080 --> 25:30.680 +rights movement that I impress you either + +25:30.680 --> 25:35.580 +favorably or disfavorably? Well, now I + +25:35.580 --> 25:37.840 +have several different impressions. I + +25:37.840 --> 25:41.200 +mean, I think that, well, I'm sure that + +25:41.200 --> 25:44.280 +there are people who are, most of the + +25:44.280 --> 25:47.200 +people are very sincerely believe in it + +25:47.200 --> 25:50.220 +and are very working hard to do what they + +25:50.220 --> 25:52.260 +think is best. I think there are + +25:52.260 --> 25:55.580 +unfortunately those who who are sort of in + +25:55.580 --> 25:57.820 +it to see what, you know, for a little bit + +25:57.820 --> 26:00.120 +of excitement or because it's the thing to + +26:00.120 --> 26:03.140 +do or to cause a little trouble or + +26:03.140 --> 26:05.580 +something. But I think on the whole, it's + +26:05.580 --> 26:08.360 +those people who really mean well and who + +26:08.360 --> 26:12.840 +are trying to do as best they can. Well, + +26:12.900 --> 26:18.180 +in terms of values and commitment and such + +26:18.180 --> 26:20.060 +toward the situation, how would you think + +26:20.060 --> 26:22.000 +that these people, specifically the ones + +26:22.000 --> 26:24.600 +you know, have gone south would differ + +26:24.600 --> 26:29.280 +from you? Well, among other things, + +26:32.960 --> 26:35.260 +they probably just feel a little more + +26:35.260 --> 26:37.100 +personally involved in the situation, + +26:37.300 --> 26:39.280 +enough to go down there. I mean, it is + +26:39.280 --> 26:44.120 +sort of a long ways from here. And I tend + +26:44.120 --> 26:47.200 +to be a little apathetic. And I think that + +26:47.200 --> 26:49.060 +they're just more vitally interested in + +26:49.060 --> 26:51.320 +it, enough to really run down there and do + +26:51.320 --> 26:54.820 +something. What risks... Oh, I'm sorry, go + +26:54.820 --> 26:58.500 +ahead. Oh, go ahead. I forgot. I'm sorry + +26:58.500 --> 27:00.960 +for interrupting you. What risks do you + +27:00.960 --> 27:02.760 +think would be involved in going to the + +27:02.760 --> 27:02.960 +site? + +27:07.620 --> 27:13.140 +Well, now the risk would... Well, there + +27:13.140 --> 27:14.380 +have been a few people disappeared, + +27:14.540 --> 27:17.020 +although I think that's... I mean, I think + +27:17.020 --> 27:20.120 +that's sort of one or two instances. I + +27:20.120 --> 27:21.900 +don't think that, I don't really think + +27:21.900 --> 27:24.200 +that I would expect to be shot when I was + +27:24.200 --> 27:28.560 +down there. But, um, there is of course + +27:28.560 --> 27:30.300 +the risk of being thrown in jail, the risk + +27:30.300 --> 27:33.260 +of running into a lot of antagonism and a + +27:33.260 --> 27:39.360 +lot of ill feeling. But I don't, maybe + +27:39.360 --> 27:41.700 +getting a rock thrown at you or something. + +27:41.700 --> 27:47.740 +but I don't think there's any huge risk as + +27:47.740 --> 27:52.920 +far as personal + +27:52.920 --> 27:57.980 +injury or anything. The risk I don't think + +27:57.980 --> 28:02.240 +as a person is too great. Do you think the + +28:02.240 --> 28:05.160 +possibility of physical violence to your + +28:05.160 --> 28:08.020 +person, of discomfort in terms of living + +28:08.020 --> 28:10.520 +conditions or possibly being arrested of + +28:10.520 --> 28:13.220 +the erratic schedule that a civil rights + +28:13.220 --> 28:14.840 +worker would have to keep. Do you think + +28:14.840 --> 28:19.620 +that these factors would be any sort of a + +28:19.620 --> 28:23.200 +strong influence toward making you decide + +28:23.200 --> 28:26.240 +not to go? Well, I'd consider them if I + +28:26.240 --> 28:28.600 +thought that they were factors. I think + +28:28.600 --> 28:34.340 +that, I mean, there would be hardships. I + +28:34.340 --> 28:36.540 +might have to sleep in the car or + +28:36.540 --> 28:41.240 +something. But I think that that wouldn't + +28:41.240 --> 28:44.560 +be the main thing I'd consider. What would + +28:44.560 --> 28:46.200 +be the main thing? Whether or not I could + +28:46.200 --> 28:48.340 +really, it would really be worth my while + +28:48.340 --> 28:51.680 +to go down there. I mean, if I thought I + +28:51.680 --> 28:53.280 +was going to get shot at, I really don't + +28:53.280 --> 28:55.500 +think I'd go, because I don't particularly + +28:55.500 --> 28:57.720 +want to dodge bullets, but I don't think + +28:57.720 --> 29:00.300 +that's the case. And I think the + +29:00.300 --> 29:02.040 +consideration would be more whether or not + +29:02.040 --> 29:04.580 +I could do something once I got there. + +29:05.380 --> 29:08.200 +Well, you just stated that one of your + +29:08.200 --> 29:09.740 +main considerations would be whether or + +29:09.740 --> 29:11.840 +not it would be worth your while to go. + +29:12.180 --> 29:14.420 +Now, what do you think you personally + +29:14.420 --> 29:16.720 +could derive from the situation? + +29:19.440 --> 29:22.080 +Well, that I think that I could contribute + +29:22.080 --> 29:24.880 +something. It would be worth something + +29:24.880 --> 29:26.800 +that I could do here. It would be worth + +29:26.800 --> 29:28.920 +leaving what I'm doing here to go down if + +29:28.920 --> 29:32.220 +I thought I could contribute more there + +29:32.220 --> 29:38.560 +and in terms of you know the time I lose + +29:38.560 --> 29:40.060 +here if I thought I could contribute + +29:40.060 --> 29:45.040 +something valuable enough in relation to + +29:45.040 --> 29:49.780 +to what I lose by spending some time down + +29:49.780 --> 29:52.740 +there. What would you lose by spending + +29:52.740 --> 29:56.660 +time down there? Well I'd lose either well + +29:56.660 --> 29:58.240 +Well, actually, I'd lose money if I were + +29:58.240 --> 30:03.200 +working, or time in school, plus all the + +30:03.200 --> 30:08.020 +trouble of getting there. Anything that + +30:08.020 --> 30:11.320 +would... I mean, it is a long ways away. + +30:11.900 --> 30:13.960 +And just the whole trouble of getting + +30:13.960 --> 30:16.520 +ready and going and leaving whatever I + +30:16.520 --> 30:19.060 +might be doing here. I don't know. It + +30:19.060 --> 30:20.700 +would depend on what I was doing at the + +30:20.700 --> 30:25.500 +time, what I'd miss. Now is there any + +30:25.500 --> 30:26.900 +statement that you'd like to make + +30:26.900 --> 30:29.720 +concerning civil rights that I have not + +30:29.720 --> 30:34.360 +asked you about? Not that I can think of. + +30:35.300 --> 30:37.000 +Alrighty, well thank you very much for + +30:37.000 --> 30:38.100 +your time. I appreciate it. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/bd766nv2565_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/bd766nv2565_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e42839c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/bd766nv2565_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1877 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:03.280 +The information and the way you train + +00:03.280 --> 00:05.280 +other people is to give up the + +00:05.280 --> 00:08.380 +information. If that is so, then that's + +00:08.380 --> 00:09.900 +what the whole purpose of this meeting is, + +00:09.920 --> 00:12.120 +this leadership. It's that we're going to + +00:12.120 --> 00:16.140 +give you all the information we have. And + +00:16.140 --> 00:18.000 +also, a little later, I'll explain it to + +00:18.000 --> 00:20.840 +you. The program of the day today, the + +00:20.840 --> 00:24.720 +first thing I want to do is you already + +00:24.720 --> 00:26.760 +have information. I'm going to wait until + +00:26.760 --> 00:29.120 +you discuss that in a moment. I'm + +00:29.120 --> 00:31.000 +circulating two different sheets. One is + +00:31.000 --> 00:33.480 +your earliest availability to go south. + +00:33.680 --> 00:36.540 +And I know that you have problems flying + +00:36.540 --> 00:39.040 +over. So you want to be careful where you + +00:39.040 --> 00:41.780 +go. But you have your earliest + +00:41.780 --> 00:44.540 +availability. That's on the sheet that + +00:44.540 --> 00:46.460 +says, Littleman got earliest availability. + +00:47.320 --> 00:48.900 +And then there's another sheet going + +00:48.900 --> 00:51.580 +around that says the percentage of cars. + +00:51.880 --> 00:54.840 +And we want to know if you have a car, + +00:54.940 --> 00:57.040 +what its capacity is, and when you're + +00:57.040 --> 00:59.500 +leaving. So they'll be making their ways + +00:59.500 --> 01:02.220 +around. We'll get to that later this + +01:02.220 --> 01:05.640 +afternoon. We're going to give you an + +01:05.640 --> 01:09.260 +opportunity to ask some questions about + +01:09.260 --> 01:12.020 +Wavelength and the home of the group. And + +01:12.020 --> 01:13.260 +then a little bit later in the morning, + +01:13.380 --> 01:15.760 +we're going to have a panel put together + +01:15.760 --> 01:20.920 +of people, veterans related to having + +01:20.920 --> 01:24.200 +recently returned from the South. and to + +01:24.200 --> 01:27.080 +talk about the problems of regular + +01:27.080 --> 01:31.640 +abortion in southern communities. There + +01:31.640 --> 01:33.120 +are a lot of people who have not yet been + +01:33.120 --> 01:35.140 +interviewed, and we're aware of this, and + +01:35.140 --> 01:36.480 +our interview committee and screening + +01:36.480 --> 01:39.960 +committee is too. What we will ask you to + +01:39.960 --> 01:43.100 +do at the lunch break, instead of taking a + +01:43.100 --> 01:44.940 +normal one hour, we'll take one hour and a + +01:44.940 --> 01:46.540 +half, and we'll go through a 12-minute + +01:46.540 --> 01:48.800 +interview. Those of you who have not yet + +01:48.800 --> 01:51.100 +been interviewed, we'll just say right + +01:51.100 --> 01:52.060 +there on that screen, + +02:04.180 --> 02:07.020 +The orientation program will be designed + +02:07.020 --> 02:10.220 +to familiarize you with Mississippi, the + +02:10.220 --> 02:13.260 +people who are in the party and the + +02:13.260 --> 02:15.840 +planned summer programs. At the + +02:15.840 --> 02:17.920 +orientation session, you will be assigned + +02:17.920 --> 02:20.220 +to particular counties in which you will + +02:20.220 --> 02:22.540 +work and will meet the Mississippi people + +02:22.540 --> 02:25.280 +with whom you will be working. At the + +02:25.280 --> 02:27.400 +orientation session, a final decision on + +02:27.400 --> 02:30.260 +your acceptance will be made, for the MFDP + +02:30.260 --> 02:32.860 +must attempt to avoid all of the trouble + +02:32.860 --> 02:35.600 +possible for Mississippi. It's still a + +02:35.600 --> 02:38.060 +dangerous place. This does not pertain to + +02:38.060 --> 02:41.480 +you. You see, they're also dealing with + +02:41.480 --> 02:43.400 +lots of people individually all over the + +02:43.400 --> 02:45.220 +country, and Canada for that matter, too. + +02:46.520 --> 02:48.660 +If you've been screened up here, you've + +02:48.660 --> 02:51.700 +been accepted down. The session will be + +02:51.700 --> 02:53.420 +held at the Gulfside Methodist Assembly + +02:53.420 --> 02:55.260 +Waveland, Mississippi on the Gulf Coast. + +02:55.560 --> 02:57.900 +Travel directions are included. The + +02:57.900 --> 02:59.880 +orientation will start at 2 p.m. Thursday, + +03:00.120 --> 03:02.920 +June 10th. An evening meal will be served. + +03:03.120 --> 03:05.260 +The session will end Tuesday, June 15th + +03:05.260 --> 03:07.600 +after breakfast, at which time you will go + +03:07.600 --> 03:09.460 +to the county where you will be working. + +03:09.940 --> 03:12.020 +If at all possible, bring a sleeping bag + +03:12.020 --> 03:14.620 +for some people who may need it. We are + +03:14.620 --> 03:16.780 +also asking you to bring $25 to help us + +03:16.780 --> 03:21.540 +defray the expense of the session. It + +03:21.540 --> 03:23.700 +costs $5 a day to house and feed each + +03:23.700 --> 03:26.060 +volunteer. I'll explain that in a moment. + +03:26.360 --> 03:30.620 +The MFDP has almost no money at all now. + +03:31.180 --> 03:33.080 +This also means that we must ask you to + +03:33.080 --> 03:34.500 +provide your own transportation to + +03:34.500 --> 03:37.540 +Waveland. Speaking of money, we must ask + +03:37.540 --> 03:39.120 +that you provide your own subsistence for + +03:39.120 --> 03:41.580 +the summer. This means about $15 per week. + +03:42.340 --> 03:44.060 +housing will be arranged for you with + +03:44.060 --> 03:46.580 +people living in the county in regards to + +03:46.580 --> 03:48.140 +housing you must not expect facilities + +03:48.140 --> 03:50.760 +that you are probably used to this means + +03:50.760 --> 03:52.460 +that there may be no indoor plumbing no + +03:52.460 --> 03:56.880 +running water no hot water but the people + +03:56.880 --> 03:59.540 +you stay with will more than make up for + +03:59.540 --> 04:02.020 +the lack of facilities you should bring + +04:02.020 --> 04:03.540 +comfortable summer clothing to wear and + +04:03.540 --> 04:05.260 +unless you want to go to church you will + +04:05.260 --> 04:08.500 +not need dress clothing at all you should + +04:08.500 --> 04:10.140 +avoid bringing a lot of baggage because + +04:10.140 --> 04:12.880 +you will probably not need it and a lot of + +04:12.880 --> 04:14.480 +baggage will be difficult to carry around + +04:14.480 --> 04:16.460 +you should also bring your own personal + +04:16.460 --> 04:19.040 +items such as toilet articles or some + +04:19.040 --> 04:21.260 +point for in some places they may not be + +04:21.260 --> 04:24.800 +easily gotten if possible you should bring + +04:24.800 --> 04:26.860 +a typewriter typing paper carbon paper + +04:27.440 --> 04:29.540 +also if you are able to bring a car at all + +04:29.540 --> 04:31.880 +please do you have a tremendous lack of + +04:31.880 --> 04:33.860 +transportation not only in jackson but in + +04:33.860 --> 04:36.920 +all also in other counties if you do bring + +04:36.920 --> 04:38.380 +a car you should try to be able to cover + +04:38.380 --> 04:41.900 +operating expenses you should know that + +04:41.900 --> 04:43.980 +the mississippi law requires license + +04:43.980 --> 04:46.300 +mississippi license plates after 60 days + +04:46.300 --> 04:49.020 +in the state the tax costs four percent of + +04:49.020 --> 04:52.480 +the estimated value of the car the last + +04:52.480 --> 04:55.000 +thing we should mention is bail contacts + +04:55.000 --> 04:57.920 +there may be some trouble with quote + +04:57.920 --> 05:01.860 +mississippi officials unquote for the mfdp + +05:01.860 --> 05:05.400 +has not yet quote reached unquote them we + +05:07.980 --> 05:09.940 +We expect less trouble with them this + +05:09.940 --> 05:11.480 +summer than last, but a chance still + +05:11.480 --> 05:13.700 +remains that you may enjoy the local + +05:13.700 --> 05:17.380 +government's hospitality. We would like to + +05:17.380 --> 05:20.360 +know a few people we can contact for bond + +05:20.360 --> 05:22.920 +money. $500 will be sufficient in case you + +05:22.920 --> 05:26.620 +are arrested. We will have good legal help + +05:26.620 --> 05:29.820 +for you if this problem comes up. It is + +05:29.820 --> 05:31.220 +very important you attend the orientation + +05:31.220 --> 05:34.900 +session. what you will be doing will be + +05:34.900 --> 05:36.900 +discussed and you will have a chance to + +05:36.900 --> 05:39.440 +talk to the people with whom you will be + +05:39.440 --> 05:43.320 +working. That one, it should have stayed + +05:43.320 --> 05:44.760 +the last semester, whatever they want. + +05:47.920 --> 05:51.520 +Now this then is the detail of what the + +05:51.520 --> 05:54.360 +rest of the information from Waveland. The + +05:54.360 --> 05:56.240 +first two pages give you an idea of the + +05:56.240 --> 05:58.640 +counties in Mississippi which will have + +05:58.640 --> 06:02.000 +programs this summer. some of the numbers + +06:02.000 --> 06:04.780 +of people they will be needing. And we + +06:04.780 --> 06:06.300 +purposely reprinted the whole thing, + +06:06.320 --> 06:10.640 +although it might not all be useful to + +06:10.640 --> 06:12.140 +you. But just to give you an idea of what + +06:12.140 --> 06:16.280 +the range of projects are, all the way + +06:16.280 --> 06:19.800 +from, you see, sewing to adult education, + +06:20.060 --> 06:22.500 +voter registration, and so on. And these + +06:22.500 --> 06:24.360 +are for you to keep if you like. The total + +06:24.360 --> 06:26.160 +number of volunteers, that's for the whole + +06:26.160 --> 06:29.380 +country, It will be 439, and then like + +06:29.380 --> 06:33.080 +about 150 from here. We have, + +06:33.140 --> 06:36.340 +incidentally, over 100 that are not yet + +06:36.340 --> 06:41.580 +assigned and probably go. This is the rest + +06:41.580 --> 06:42.960 +of the next two pages of transportation + +06:42.960 --> 06:43.480 +information. + +06:47.060 --> 06:49.140 +And you'll see the reason for + +06:49.140 --> 06:51.220 +transportation coming from New Orleans if + +06:51.220 --> 06:52.720 +you'll turn to the next to the last page, + +06:52.900 --> 06:54.100 +because the map is there. + +07:01.860 --> 07:08.140 +New Orleans is your best or fastest way to + +07:08.140 --> 07:11.540 +go if you're coming from out here. Highway + +07:11.540 --> 07:15.720 +90 is that major scenic highway that + +07:15.720 --> 07:18.160 +follows the Gulf Coast, Florida, if you're + +07:18.160 --> 07:19.340 +driving from New Orleans. + +07:23.300 --> 07:25.360 +and some of the information I just read to + +07:25.360 --> 07:26.880 +you from that letter is contained on the + +07:26.880 --> 07:27.980 +last page + +07:34.760 --> 07:36.900 +now what I'd like to do is stop here right + +07:36.900 --> 07:41.180 +here and talk about it. Yes. + +07:47.740 --> 07:51.620 +Yeah. We've discussed this with SNCC + +07:51.620 --> 07:55.420 +regional people. We urge you not to go to + +07:55.420 --> 07:58.400 +Washington, but if you can get down here + +07:58.400 --> 07:59.800 +faster to go to Mississippi. + +08:03.520 --> 08:08.040 +If you're going what? You mean to visit + +08:08.040 --> 08:10.280 +family? And what's the question? + +08:13.900 --> 08:16.720 +And get back down here as quick as you can + +08:16.720 --> 08:21.540 +to Mississippi. Yeah. Unless you happen to + +08:21.540 --> 08:23.240 +be living in Washington. We have one + +08:23.240 --> 08:26.480 +that's very close. What do you think, + +08:26.480 --> 08:31.260 +Mike? Where are you? Yeah. If you're that + +08:31.260 --> 08:31.600 +close. + +08:54.560 --> 08:57.460 +Not unless it works out that the person + +08:57.460 --> 08:59.000 +sitting on this side of the room right now + +08:59.000 --> 09:01.340 +is jotting down in his piece of paper that + +09:01.340 --> 09:03.700 +I have a car leaving from New York on June + +09:03.700 --> 09:08.120 +19th. We have no way of working this out. + +09:08.360 --> 09:12.060 +Yeah? They may have cars. + +09:15.020 --> 09:18.700 +You have a... Do you know the address + +09:18.700 --> 09:19.060 +offhand? + +09:25.700 --> 09:26.340 +Okay. + +09:37.500 --> 09:39.480 +In other words, if you will be arriving in + +09:39.480 --> 09:43.040 +Mississippi after the 15th? No, you put + +09:43.040 --> 09:44.240 +that down on the sheet that's coming + +09:44.240 --> 09:47.140 +around, and what we're going to suggest to + +09:47.140 --> 09:50.000 +Mississippi people is that all of you + +09:50.000 --> 09:52.560 +people go directly to Jackson, to their + +09:52.560 --> 09:54.400 +central office, and then be assigned from + +09:54.400 --> 09:55.240 +there around the state. + +10:04.580 --> 10:09.400 +You got one separately? Yeah. Yeah. + +10:13.900 --> 10:16.980 +Well, if you've been... Have you been + +10:16.980 --> 10:18.780 +interviewed here? Yeah. Then you've been + +10:18.780 --> 10:20.920 +accepted in the Mississippi project, + +10:21.040 --> 10:22.400 +right? There are a few people who wrote + +10:22.400 --> 10:25.480 +independently of this next screening + +10:25.480 --> 10:27.300 +process up here, and they heard + +10:27.300 --> 10:29.680 +independently themselves. But they sent us + +10:29.680 --> 10:30.360 +a list of your names. + +10:34.100 --> 10:38.100 +Well, because they need the people down + +10:38.100 --> 10:40.400 +here right quick, and we haven't even been + +10:40.400 --> 10:42.740 +able to honor the needs of one or two of + +10:42.740 --> 10:45.660 +the small counties that have needs right + +10:45.660 --> 10:48.460 +now, so that it doesn't seem to make sense + +10:48.460 --> 10:51.660 +to go clear east and spend a week or two + +10:51.660 --> 10:53.860 +doing that when they need people right now + +10:53.860 --> 10:54.200 +in Mississippi. + +11:02.320 --> 11:04.100 +Well, we're going to suggest that there be + +11:04.100 --> 11:05.940 +an orientation, but I think that they will + +11:05.940 --> 11:08.260 +probably not be able to organize another + +11:08.260 --> 11:09.800 +statewide one, but there will be an + +11:09.800 --> 11:13.240 +orientation at your local project. It + +11:13.240 --> 11:14.620 +won't be as an elaborate one as this. + +11:28.820 --> 11:30.400 +I would suggest you give your two weeks + +11:30.400 --> 11:30.680 +notice. + +11:35.040 --> 11:36.500 +I'll bring the 400 with you. + +11:39.700 --> 11:43.660 +Or a car. Let me just see if I show a + +11:43.660 --> 11:46.480 +hand. How many do have cars? Oh, that's + +11:46.480 --> 11:49.780 +great. I mean that are going south. Cars + +11:49.780 --> 11:50.320 +are going south. + +11:56.560 --> 11:58.520 +We're going to get the Arkansas people + +11:58.520 --> 12:03.320 +together. Is Vince here someplace? During + +12:03.320 --> 12:06.900 +the lunch period, Vince, why don't you + +12:06.900 --> 12:08.600 +stand up so the other Arkansas people can + +12:08.600 --> 12:12.920 +see. This is Vincent O'Connor. During + +12:12.920 --> 12:15.240 +lunch, let's get the Arkansas people + +12:15.240 --> 12:19.060 +together down here. Okay? Okay, with this, + +12:19.060 --> 12:22.140 +down in this corner right here. And we'll + +12:22.140 --> 12:24.660 +work separately on transportation and what + +12:24.660 --> 12:26.300 +we report to and all this stuff over + +12:26.300 --> 12:27.140 +there. Yes. + +12:31.820 --> 12:36.660 +Have already what? Yes. Yes. Yes, let me + +12:36.660 --> 12:39.060 +see how many Arkansas people are there. + +12:39.160 --> 12:40.680 +Just put your hands up so I can count. + +12:41.140 --> 12:46.580 +One, two, three, four. Four. Okay, ten + +12:46.580 --> 12:49.780 +people were selected for Arkansas. They + +12:49.780 --> 12:51.960 +did their own, we sent them a whole batch + +12:51.960 --> 12:53.660 +of applications. They pulled out of it + +12:53.660 --> 12:55.760 +what they thought were their needs, and + +12:55.760 --> 12:57.680 +then they wrote directly to these people + +12:57.680 --> 13:00.600 +accepting them. Since then, we've had a + +13:00.600 --> 13:02.440 +little bit of attrition. I think we lost a + +13:02.440 --> 13:05.720 +few via the marriage route and other ways. + +13:06.320 --> 13:08.060 +So we're going to have to replace them. If + +13:08.060 --> 13:10.640 +somebody has a particular driving need, + +13:10.720 --> 13:13.240 +they want to go to Arkansas, So you can + +13:13.240 --> 13:14.740 +tell me about it during the lunch period. + +13:15.340 --> 13:16.700 +Otherwise, we're just going to be + +13:16.700 --> 13:19.520 +selecting people for you have some. So all + +13:19.520 --> 13:19.780 +right. + +13:23.820 --> 13:26.600 +There are four people left last week for, + +13:26.740 --> 13:30.780 +I think, Carroll County. That's on the + +13:30.780 --> 13:33.320 +sheet someplace, I'm sure. And a couple + +13:33.320 --> 13:35.840 +have gone off to other practice, other + +13:35.840 --> 13:38.360 +kinds of work a little bit earlier. And + +13:38.360 --> 13:42.520 +then we also lost a few to CORE and SLCC + +13:42.520 --> 13:44.220 +because we did not have enough definite + +13:44.220 --> 13:45.940 +information about summer projects and + +13:45.940 --> 13:48.320 +people had to make commitments, but that's + +13:48.320 --> 13:48.820 +not a loss. + +13:54.800 --> 13:56.620 +Let me just see by a show of hands so we + +13:56.620 --> 13:58.160 +all know ourselves. How many can make + +13:58.160 --> 13:59.380 +Waveland on June 10th? + +14:03.820 --> 14:07.680 +Yeah, 10 or 12. So can anybody, those who, + +14:07.760 --> 14:10.000 +just keep your hands down. How about other + +14:10.000 --> 14:12.260 +people that can make part of Waveland, say + +14:12.260 --> 14:13.640 +the 13th or the 15th? + +14:16.100 --> 14:17.620 +Oh, that's pretty soon. + +14:27.060 --> 14:28.940 +You're all young people driving all night? + +14:31.520 --> 14:32.680 +A day plus. + +14:40.920 --> 14:42.960 +You start at 8 o'clock one morning. You + +14:42.960 --> 14:44.520 +should make it 6 o'clock the next night. + +14:50.060 --> 14:50.880 +Day and a half. + +14:55.260 --> 14:57.040 +Yes, that's the 1.30. It's recession + +14:57.040 --> 14:58.000 +today. I'm going to try to arrange it + +14:58.000 --> 14:58.200 +properly. + +15:03.900 --> 15:06.360 +Yeah, 24, 12, 36 hours. + +15:11.820 --> 15:13.360 +I don't know what it is with you people. + +15:13.400 --> 15:14.580 +I've driven to Iowa in that time. + +15:17.840 --> 15:18.260 +Further? + +15:22.440 --> 15:29.800 +Maybe that's why. Two days. Uh, 36 hours. + +15:30.160 --> 15:32.960 +Uh, you got a lot of money to spend on the + +15:32.960 --> 15:33.480 +station here. + +15:36.760 --> 15:39.220 +Well, some people do. What's the distance? + +15:39.320 --> 15:42.180 +Does anybody know? Um, I think I'm gonna + +15:42.180 --> 15:45.580 +say it's... 2,000? 1,700 miles to Selma + +15:45.580 --> 15:48.560 +Station. How much? 1,700 miles to Selma + +15:48.560 --> 15:52.660 +Station. That's the minimum, sir. Yeah, + +15:52.660 --> 15:54.520 +but that's further east, isn't it? Yeah, + +15:54.520 --> 15:57.720 +that's north of that. I would say about 2 + +15:57.720 --> 16:01.900 +,000 miles. 2,000 miles. Yeah, that's what + +16:01.900 --> 16:04.660 +I figured, about 2,000 miles. Yeah. + +16:07.680 --> 16:13.340 +Make 1,000 miles a day. Yeah. Why is + +16:13.340 --> 16:15.320 +Mississippi asking for 130 volunteers? + +16:19.020 --> 16:21.540 +Well, as it works out, we seem to be the + +16:21.540 --> 16:23.120 +only ones, or at least the only ones we + +16:23.120 --> 16:25.720 +know about that are this well organized + +16:25.720 --> 16:31.140 +quote unquote so they you know we told + +16:31.140 --> 16:36.300 +them we'd have about 150. i think a lot of + +16:36.300 --> 16:39.780 +people have written directly to them and + +16:39.780 --> 16:41.400 +so they're dealing with a lot of people + +16:41.400 --> 16:43.140 +individually but they're counting on us + +16:43.140 --> 16:44.300 +for one large patch + +16:48.440 --> 16:51.700 +and has been interviewed right + +16:53.660 --> 16:55.940 +oh we made the assumption in your case + +16:55.940 --> 16:58.860 +that you're both are both good screen + +16:58.860 --> 17:00.340 +you're going to go together + +17:06.950 --> 17:08.760 +any other questions are wavelength + +17:14.300 --> 17:16.780 +all right uh phase two then for this + +17:16.780 --> 17:19.300 +morning is to uh get this panel together + +17:19.300 --> 17:23.820 +and uh talk about uh problems of living + +17:23.820 --> 17:26.080 +there now what we intend to do here is uh + +17:26.080 --> 17:29.420 +bring this people this group of people + +17:29.420 --> 17:33.600 +forward and uh give them all a minute or + +17:33.600 --> 17:36.580 +two to just open up areas that we'll get + +17:36.580 --> 17:40.260 +into in some depth but a lot of it will be + +17:40.260 --> 17:43.640 +in response to what your questions are too + +17:43.640 --> 17:47.580 +of this panel and uh you'll i'll introduce + +17:47.580 --> 17:49.920 +the panel to you uh very briefly but it'll + +17:49.920 --> 17:52.100 +give you an idea of what they have to + +17:52.100 --> 17:55.020 +offer to you let me first call up frank + +17:55.020 --> 17:59.700 +vitts and frank powell who are working up + +17:59.700 --> 18:00.520 +north + +18:03.460 --> 18:08.620 +who are from alabama and I'll tell you + +18:08.620 --> 18:12.440 +about life in Alabama. Ron Bridgeforth + +18:12.440 --> 18:17.120 +from Secretary of Defense. What happened + +18:17.120 --> 18:20.940 +to Ron? I think he must be standing + +18:20.940 --> 18:23.080 +outside or something. Is Doug Smith here? + +18:24.760 --> 18:26.940 +He was due with him, so maybe he went to + +18:26.940 --> 18:30.860 +get him or something. Kathy Kappen, who + +18:30.860 --> 18:33.320 +spent about seven months, And then, of all + +18:33.320 --> 18:34.660 +things, got married and went back to + +18:34.660 --> 18:35.960 +Mississippi recently on a honeymoon. + +18:40.320 --> 18:43.100 +Mike Miller, regional coordinator of SNCC + +18:43.100 --> 18:50.720 +in this area. Neil Friedman, who is with + +18:50.720 --> 18:53.660 +our screening committee at Langley Porter, + +18:54.340 --> 18:56.240 +some colleges, and will be teaching at a + +18:56.240 --> 18:57.800 +certain Negro college this year. + +19:05.000 --> 19:06.580 +And that's it for the moment. We'll wait + +19:06.580 --> 19:09.160 +for Ron, and when Ron and Doug come, they + +19:09.160 --> 19:12.560 +can just join us. Thank you. + +19:45.420 --> 19:46.640 +Doug, you want to come up here, please? + +19:48.640 --> 19:50.940 +Doug Smith is the 5th Congressional + +19:50.940 --> 19:53.080 +District Program Director for Snake and + +19:53.080 --> 19:53.360 +Mississippi. + +19:59.780 --> 20:01.820 +And Ron, I think it would be good if you + +20:01.820 --> 20:03.820 +would sort of kick things off and get out + +20:03.820 --> 20:04.240 +of your way here. + +20:25.560 --> 20:29.420 +Well, the man just said, tell you what it + +20:29.420 --> 20:32.260 +is, I live in Mississippi. And that's + +20:32.260 --> 20:35.360 +somewhat impossible. I mean you run into + +20:35.360 --> 20:38.360 +maybe, well you run into orientations in + +20:38.360 --> 20:40.880 +Waveland and come late probably one in + +20:40.880 --> 20:43.900 +Jackson. There were two orientations in + +20:43.900 --> 20:48.840 +Oxford, Ohio last summer. And people try + +20:48.840 --> 20:53.860 +to talk about, and will try to talk about + +20:53.860 --> 20:56.420 +what it's like to be in Mississippi and + +20:56.420 --> 20:57.500 +work on voter registration. + +21:00.440 --> 21:02.140 +Now I'll start off by saying you can't be + +21:02.140 --> 21:03.680 +prepared for that. I mean it's a different + +21:03.680 --> 21:04.040 +world. + +21:06.740 --> 21:09.440 +It's like, you might not like policemen + +21:09.440 --> 21:11.760 +now, but at least you can ask them for + +21:11.760 --> 21:12.060 +directions. + +21:16.400 --> 21:18.040 +And like people are going to attempt to + +21:18.040 --> 21:19.680 +scare the hell out of you so you don't go + +21:19.680 --> 21:22.180 +around the highways at 70 and 80 miles an + +21:22.180 --> 21:24.240 +hour before you learn what it's all about. + +21:24.980 --> 21:26.380 +and God, I hope you don't. + +21:29.220 --> 21:30.880 +You're going to run into people that + +21:30.880 --> 21:34.400 +really hate your guts. I mean, they'd + +21:34.400 --> 21:36.220 +rather see me, because at least I'm black, + +21:36.420 --> 21:38.800 +but you're a traitor. You're a traitor to + +21:38.800 --> 21:41.540 +the white race and white supremacy. And + +21:41.540 --> 21:43.980 +they look at it in those terms. You're + +21:43.980 --> 21:45.820 +going to run into very scared southern + +21:45.820 --> 21:48.900 +white men who have their backs against the + +21:48.900 --> 21:52.000 +wall, whose very way of life and existence + +21:52.460 --> 21:55.300 +I mean, is being torn away from you. The + +21:55.300 --> 21:56.860 +foundation of their lives is the Southern + +21:56.860 --> 22:02.000 +Negro. And he's standing up. He's being + +22:02.000 --> 22:03.420 +laid down all his life, and they've been + +22:03.420 --> 22:05.480 +standing on his back, and suddenly he's + +22:05.480 --> 22:08.180 +beginning to stand up. And what do they + +22:08.180 --> 22:12.860 +do? They have to follow. I mean, Baldwin + +22:12.860 --> 22:14.660 +articulates that whole situation very + +22:14.660 --> 22:16.840 +well, in terms of walking out in the + +22:16.840 --> 22:18.260 +morning and seeing the whole sky in + +22:18.260 --> 22:20.760 +flames. I mean, it destroys your grasp + +22:20.760 --> 22:23.180 +upon reality. And these men are very + +22:23.180 --> 22:24.440 +scared. They're fighting back like a + +22:24.440 --> 22:27.020 +corner cat in a corner. He's going to + +22:27.020 --> 22:28.440 +start striking me out any way possible, + +22:28.680 --> 22:29.960 +just out of fear. + +22:33.360 --> 22:36.940 +And during the years of 61, 60, 61, 62, + +22:37.160 --> 22:42.400 +63, there wasn't much in the way of + +22:42.400 --> 22:44.020 +stopping that man from just striking me + +22:44.020 --> 22:45.420 +out and hitting people and killing people. + +22:46.500 --> 22:48.800 +Because of last summer, and because of the + +22:48.800 --> 22:51.460 +virtual challenges going on now, he's also + +22:51.460 --> 22:55.240 +become very image conscious. So it's a bit + +22:55.240 --> 22:56.740 +safer than last summer. I mean, he doesn't + +22:56.740 --> 22:57.860 +want any trouble. He doesn't want...I + +22:57.860 --> 22:59.120 +mean, sheriffs don't want to be Sheriff + +22:59.120 --> 23:02.420 +Rainey all over again. So, I mean, they're + +23:02.420 --> 23:04.280 +kind of backing up. And they're being + +23:04.280 --> 23:05.860 +pushed farther and farther with this stuff + +23:05.860 --> 23:08.940 +now. And they're trying things like now to + +23:08.940 --> 23:11.140 +get you on every charge they can. and + +23:11.140 --> 23:12.280 +they're going to get you to contribute to + +23:12.280 --> 23:14.760 +the Lincoln C4-1 account, you're just + +23:14.760 --> 23:17.340 +going to have to watch yourself. And sure, + +23:17.360 --> 23:18.540 +they'll make deals here and there, and + +23:18.540 --> 23:20.060 +say, well, we'll give you 10 years and you + +23:20.060 --> 23:23.640 +leave the state of Alabama. You've got a + +23:23.640 --> 23:24.200 +choice, you know. + +23:27.300 --> 23:29.160 +But that should be told again and again. + +23:29.980 --> 23:31.980 +And fear is a good, healthy thing. It + +23:31.980 --> 23:35.880 +keeps you alive. And I'd say now, if + +23:35.880 --> 23:38.260 +you're not afraid, and you feel no fear, + +23:38.500 --> 23:40.740 +don't go. because there's something wrong. + +23:46.200 --> 23:49.220 +I think the attitude to go in with is that + +23:49.220 --> 23:51.840 +you don't know and you don't have the + +23:51.840 --> 23:55.400 +answers. At least not the answers, because + +23:55.400 --> 23:57.840 +I don't know if there's the answers. And + +23:57.840 --> 23:59.220 +those people are going to basically do + +23:59.220 --> 24:02.180 +what they want to do. They know what they + +24:02.180 --> 24:04.220 +want. Maybe it's not what you think they + +24:04.220 --> 24:07.180 +need, but they know what they want. and + +24:07.180 --> 24:08.480 +you're going in with the attitude of + +24:08.480 --> 24:11.500 +helping them to get it. And if you can't + +24:11.500 --> 24:13.860 +agree to that, then you should leave, I + +24:13.860 --> 24:17.620 +think. Because you're not going down there + +24:17.620 --> 24:19.500 +to sell your line and propagate what you + +24:19.500 --> 24:22.740 +believe. But you're going down there to + +24:22.740 --> 24:25.200 +help those people do what they're trying + +24:25.200 --> 24:27.540 +to do. Maybe you bring in some outside + +24:27.540 --> 24:28.780 +knowledge, some outside skills. + +24:31.760 --> 24:33.480 +And if you think you know a better way of + +24:33.480 --> 24:36.140 +doing something, say it. don't try to make + +24:36.140 --> 24:38.360 +them do it. I mean that's just, you can't + +24:38.360 --> 24:39.820 +make people do things in the first place. + +24:39.980 --> 24:42.000 +You don't have that much influence and you + +24:42.000 --> 24:45.380 +just create confusion. There'll be a lot + +24:45.380 --> 24:47.600 +of situations where you find that because + +24:47.600 --> 24:50.100 +you are Northern White and with college + +24:50.100 --> 24:52.260 +backgrounds, people tend to be intimidated + +24:52.260 --> 24:55.700 +by that. And you'll have to deal with that + +24:55.700 --> 24:58.020 +when you get to that. Sometimes you find + +24:58.020 --> 25:00.600 +that you can't talk. I mean you simply + +25:00.600 --> 25:02.940 +can't talk until other people express what + +25:02.940 --> 25:05.060 +they believe. Because if you talk first, + +25:05.380 --> 25:07.980 +then they're too intimidating to talk. + +25:08.860 --> 25:12.460 +Because you become like God, you know, the + +25:12.460 --> 25:14.580 +Savior, which you know you're not. + +25:19.920 --> 25:21.800 +There are a lot of other things that + +25:21.800 --> 25:23.500 +become a lot touchier, like the + +25:23.500 --> 25:25.140 +relationship of you related to Slick's + +25:25.140 --> 25:30.740 +staff. Slick is basically black. It's + +25:30.740 --> 25:34.400 +black oil. to propagate black leadership, + +25:34.640 --> 25:39.680 +which is not such a bad thing. But you + +25:39.680 --> 25:41.720 +find almost a reversal of what you find + +25:41.720 --> 25:44.440 +with southern white men. You find black + +25:44.440 --> 25:49.040 +sharpness and black supremacy. And last + +25:49.040 --> 25:53.120 +summer at Oxford, the volunteers saw a + +25:53.120 --> 25:55.040 +very weird thing. They saw people who had + +25:55.040 --> 25:56.700 +been running across Mississippi for three + +25:56.700 --> 25:58.840 +years, going through all sorts of hell, + +25:58.840 --> 26:02.280 +little scared out of their wits for a + +26:02.280 --> 26:07.440 +number of reasons. One, they were afraid + +26:07.440 --> 26:09.460 +of the responsibility of 750 white + +26:09.460 --> 26:12.060 +volunteers and trying to keep them alive. + +26:13.460 --> 26:15.600 +And two, some of them were afraid of being + +26:15.600 --> 26:18.780 +overrun by white intellectuals. + +26:21.180 --> 26:25.000 +But you're two very valid figures. And + +26:25.000 --> 26:25.960 +they didn't know how to deal with that. + +26:29.500 --> 26:31.600 +And a great number of the volunteers felt + +26:31.600 --> 26:34.960 +like they were shut out and isolated. That + +26:34.960 --> 26:37.260 +they weren't talked to. That people + +26:37.260 --> 26:40.380 +wouldn't tell them what was going on. And + +26:40.380 --> 26:43.440 +I thought this. It's a closed, cold, cold + +26:43.440 --> 26:45.640 +staff meeting. Well, hell, I'm a project + +26:45.640 --> 26:47.500 +director. But you're not state staff, + +26:47.580 --> 26:50.100 +you're not court staff. It became a very, + +26:50.140 --> 26:54.780 +you know, it's all they had. A lot of that + +26:54.780 --> 26:56.160 +is broken down, but still you're going to + +26:56.160 --> 26:59.700 +find a reversal of pregnancy. I mean, + +26:59.700 --> 27:01.680 +after 20 years of being kicked around in + +27:01.680 --> 27:03.160 +the states of Mississippi and Alabama, in + +27:03.160 --> 27:04.400 +the northern ghettos, because you're + +27:04.400 --> 27:09.480 +black, you can't help but dislike white. I + +27:09.480 --> 27:10.600 +mean, these people are not, you know, + +27:12.960 --> 27:15.160 +They're not Jesus or anybody else because + +27:15.160 --> 27:18.160 +they don't love all men. And they have + +27:18.160 --> 27:22.660 +real hate towards the white race. And + +27:22.660 --> 27:24.020 +they're fighting with these. I mean, it's + +27:24.020 --> 27:27.560 +a struggle. And you're not going to like + +27:27.560 --> 27:28.860 +it. Maybe you're not supposed to like it. + +27:29.660 --> 27:30.960 +But you're going to have to realize it's + +27:30.960 --> 27:33.400 +there. It's in the framework of what's + +27:33.400 --> 27:36.680 +there. There have been volunteers who've + +27:36.680 --> 27:38.940 +come back, you know, really down on his + +27:38.940 --> 27:42.440 +neck. especially white females because + +27:42.440 --> 27:44.340 +they just don't have power. I mean the + +27:44.340 --> 27:46.820 +priority in terms of people wanted to go + +27:46.820 --> 27:50.440 +south was black southerners, white + +27:50.440 --> 27:53.920 +southerners, black northerners, white + +27:53.920 --> 27:56.740 +northerners. You break that northerners + +27:56.740 --> 27:59.920 +down, white male northerners and last but + +27:59.920 --> 28:03.600 +not least was white female law that was + +28:03.600 --> 28:08.380 +just it that works that way in terms of + +28:08.380 --> 28:10.500 +how much you can get how much influence + +28:10.500 --> 28:15.560 +you have you're a black male you carry + +28:15.560 --> 28:16.880 +yourself like you know what you're doing + +28:16.880 --> 28:19.920 +and you do your job to move people to move + +28:19.920 --> 28:23.800 +people and staff outside of staff your + +28:23.800 --> 28:27.440 +wife email and you don't work go to build + +28:27.440 --> 28:30.400 +a black man comes along, you have no + +28:30.400 --> 28:33.160 +influence, you have no power. People are + +28:33.160 --> 28:34.280 +constantly working to get you out of the + +28:34.280 --> 28:35.640 +state. I think you should be put out of + +28:35.640 --> 28:38.940 +the state. And this is another unfortunate + +28:38.940 --> 28:43.820 +thing. Last summer, too many, and one was + +28:43.820 --> 28:46.100 +too many, white females came into the + +28:46.100 --> 28:49.360 +state simply to sleep with white, black + +28:49.360 --> 28:52.800 +males. And this was something that + +28:52.800 --> 28:54.000 +couldn't be found out, you know, from + +28:54.000 --> 28:55.580 +psychological testing, of course. + +28:59.460 --> 29:03.260 +And you know, at least I hope you can + +29:03.260 --> 29:05.140 +begin to understand the reaction of black + +29:05.140 --> 29:09.240 +females as sick. I mean, the black males + +29:09.240 --> 29:10.740 +were castrated all through this country. + +29:11.340 --> 29:13.180 +Black females had to put up with, you + +29:13.180 --> 29:16.520 +know, shit from one end to the other. And + +29:16.520 --> 29:19.280 +suddenly here are men beginning to emerge + +29:19.280 --> 29:20.880 +as truly men in this country who are + +29:20.880 --> 29:22.860 +black, and white females come along and + +29:22.860 --> 29:27.240 +take them away. And that's the one topic + +29:27.240 --> 29:29.040 +of conversation that everybody talks about + +29:29.040 --> 29:31.740 +here. Everybody. That whole sex hang-up. + +29:32.380 --> 29:33.880 +And maybe that's the largest hang-up in + +29:33.880 --> 29:36.160 +this country. And when you put it in terms + +29:36.160 --> 29:41.500 +of race, it just becomes a very sick + +29:41.500 --> 29:41.740 +thing. + +29:45.680 --> 29:47.400 +The world's not going to change overnight, + +29:47.660 --> 29:50.600 +but when I talk to volunteers who are + +29:50.600 --> 29:52.500 +going south, usually on a very personal + +29:52.500 --> 29:55.740 +level, one to two or two to one, I put it + +29:55.740 --> 29:56.940 +very bluntly, especially the white + +29:56.940 --> 29:59.120 +females. The only way you're going to make + +29:59.120 --> 30:00.680 +it inside the civil rights movement of the + +30:00.680 --> 30:04.280 +south is work. I mean, that's the only + +30:04.280 --> 30:06.740 +thing that proves you. I mean, the people, + +30:07.020 --> 30:10.340 +you know, we don't care what you think or + +30:10.340 --> 30:13.500 +why you're going. that's your business as + +30:13.500 --> 30:14.500 +long as you do the job + +30:18.000 --> 30:19.560 +the other thing is going to prove his work + +30:23.460 --> 30:24.860 +I just sleep with what you want to sleep + +30:24.860 --> 30:26.940 +with but you're gonna run into a lot of + +30:26.940 --> 30:30.520 +lines and a lot of beautiful people it's + +30:30.520 --> 30:33.560 +very twisted by the society and you're + +30:33.560 --> 30:35.300 +simply gonna have to watch yourself if you + +30:35.300 --> 30:36.060 +expect to survive + +30:38.980 --> 30:41.760 +That's a very grim picture. But it's this + +30:41.760 --> 30:43.820 +country, and with this country and this + +30:43.820 --> 30:44.820 +society, it's done to people. + +30:51.280 --> 30:55.180 +In terms of data, as I said before, I + +30:55.180 --> 30:57.540 +don't think it's half as bad as it was in + +30:57.540 --> 31:01.340 +the last summer. And it's unfortunate that + +31:01.340 --> 31:03.900 +those 750 white volunteers from the North + +31:03.900 --> 31:05.660 +was the only thing that could break that + +31:05.660 --> 31:08.300 +state. The black people have been dying + +31:08.300 --> 31:11.900 +there for 40 years. Suddenly two white + +31:11.900 --> 31:14.700 +northerners die, and this whole country is + +31:14.700 --> 31:19.560 +up in arms. But they did make it possible + +31:19.560 --> 31:21.380 +for people to go into counties and work + +31:21.380 --> 31:22.680 +where nobody could work before for + +31:22.680 --> 31:25.260 +registration. Counties where there were 4 + +31:25.260 --> 31:27.920 +,000 whites and 12,000 Negroes, and + +31:27.920 --> 31:29.020 +nobody's been registered since + +31:29.020 --> 31:29.680 +Reconstruction. + +31:32.540 --> 31:34.740 +They walked in, the Senators started + +31:34.740 --> 31:36.980 +calling, the Senators started calling on + +31:36.980 --> 31:39.000 +phones, the Governor started calling, the + +31:39.000 --> 31:40.620 +FBI walked in, the Justice Department + +31:40.620 --> 31:43.120 +walked in, and the Sheriff said, Goddamn. + +31:46.300 --> 31:49.900 +And it worked. And a lot of those people + +31:49.900 --> 31:53.540 +did, you know, really good jobs. And + +31:53.540 --> 31:55.120 +there's a job for you to, you know, do in + +31:55.120 --> 31:58.180 +the state of Mississippi. Everybody can't + +31:58.180 --> 31:59.640 +work on voter registration full time. + +31:59.760 --> 32:02.880 +People have got to eat. And each county + +32:02.880 --> 32:05.100 +just about laid out its program and asked + +32:05.100 --> 32:06.160 +for the number of volunteers that it + +32:06.160 --> 32:08.660 +wants. There's going to be a difference + +32:08.660 --> 32:10.780 +this summer in terms of who you work for. + +32:12.040 --> 32:13.760 +Last summer people basically worked under + +32:13.760 --> 32:16.260 +the guidance of SNCC. It's a nice little + +32:16.260 --> 32:19.640 +establishment, to say the least. But this + +32:19.640 --> 32:22.780 +summer you're working for the FTP, which + +32:22.780 --> 32:25.540 +is better in one way, because you don't go + +32:25.540 --> 32:28.200 +into a county trying to make contacts or + +32:28.200 --> 32:30.920 +trying to get into the community you have + +32:30.920 --> 32:32.240 +somebody in the community asking for you + +32:32.240 --> 32:36.700 +and waiting for you you got it made on the + +32:36.700 --> 32:39.280 +other hand they're a hell of a lot more + +32:39.280 --> 32:42.740 +conservative in terms of dress, + +32:43.060 --> 32:48.720 +sexualized, religion and please don't go + +32:48.720 --> 32:51.120 +around trying to convince the good sisters + +32:51.120 --> 32:52.140 +they should be a + +32:56.580 --> 32:59.800 +religious have a personal thing anyway for + +32:59.800 --> 33:02.240 +too many years that's the only thing that + +33:02.240 --> 33:05.480 +they've had keep them going when you + +33:05.480 --> 33:07.100 +attack that you would take attack the + +33:07.100 --> 33:10.100 +basic finally those are the big you're + +33:10.100 --> 33:14.100 +gonna lose just leave that top They're + +33:14.100 --> 33:15.580 +going to draw you out, you know, make your + +33:15.580 --> 33:16.440 +own decisions on the spot. + +33:21.480 --> 33:23.600 +But they have their programs laid out, + +33:23.640 --> 33:25.420 +community centers, freedom schools, voter + +33:25.420 --> 33:28.200 +registration, specialized projects. And in + +33:28.200 --> 33:29.640 +some instances, they're asking people with + +33:29.640 --> 33:33.980 +specialized skills. And go in. They know + +33:33.980 --> 33:36.580 +what they want done. They want your help. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/bd766nv2565_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/baseline/bd766nv2565_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e42839c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/bd766nv2565_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1877 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:03.280 +The information and the way you train + +00:03.280 --> 00:05.280 +other people is to give up the + +00:05.280 --> 00:08.380 +information. If that is so, then that's + +00:08.380 --> 00:09.900 +what the whole purpose of this meeting is, + +00:09.920 --> 00:12.120 +this leadership. It's that we're going to + +00:12.120 --> 00:16.140 +give you all the information we have. And + +00:16.140 --> 00:18.000 +also, a little later, I'll explain it to + +00:18.000 --> 00:20.840 +you. The program of the day today, the + +00:20.840 --> 00:24.720 +first thing I want to do is you already + +00:24.720 --> 00:26.760 +have information. I'm going to wait until + +00:26.760 --> 00:29.120 +you discuss that in a moment. I'm + +00:29.120 --> 00:31.000 +circulating two different sheets. One is + +00:31.000 --> 00:33.480 +your earliest availability to go south. + +00:33.680 --> 00:36.540 +And I know that you have problems flying + +00:36.540 --> 00:39.040 +over. So you want to be careful where you + +00:39.040 --> 00:41.780 +go. But you have your earliest + +00:41.780 --> 00:44.540 +availability. That's on the sheet that + +00:44.540 --> 00:46.460 +says, Littleman got earliest availability. + +00:47.320 --> 00:48.900 +And then there's another sheet going + +00:48.900 --> 00:51.580 +around that says the percentage of cars. + +00:51.880 --> 00:54.840 +And we want to know if you have a car, + +00:54.940 --> 00:57.040 +what its capacity is, and when you're + +00:57.040 --> 00:59.500 +leaving. So they'll be making their ways + +00:59.500 --> 01:02.220 +around. We'll get to that later this + +01:02.220 --> 01:05.640 +afternoon. We're going to give you an + +01:05.640 --> 01:09.260 +opportunity to ask some questions about + +01:09.260 --> 01:12.020 +Wavelength and the home of the group. And + +01:12.020 --> 01:13.260 +then a little bit later in the morning, + +01:13.380 --> 01:15.760 +we're going to have a panel put together + +01:15.760 --> 01:20.920 +of people, veterans related to having + +01:20.920 --> 01:24.200 +recently returned from the South. and to + +01:24.200 --> 01:27.080 +talk about the problems of regular + +01:27.080 --> 01:31.640 +abortion in southern communities. There + +01:31.640 --> 01:33.120 +are a lot of people who have not yet been + +01:33.120 --> 01:35.140 +interviewed, and we're aware of this, and + +01:35.140 --> 01:36.480 +our interview committee and screening + +01:36.480 --> 01:39.960 +committee is too. What we will ask you to + +01:39.960 --> 01:43.100 +do at the lunch break, instead of taking a + +01:43.100 --> 01:44.940 +normal one hour, we'll take one hour and a + +01:44.940 --> 01:46.540 +half, and we'll go through a 12-minute + +01:46.540 --> 01:48.800 +interview. Those of you who have not yet + +01:48.800 --> 01:51.100 +been interviewed, we'll just say right + +01:51.100 --> 01:52.060 +there on that screen, + +02:04.180 --> 02:07.020 +The orientation program will be designed + +02:07.020 --> 02:10.220 +to familiarize you with Mississippi, the + +02:10.220 --> 02:13.260 +people who are in the party and the + +02:13.260 --> 02:15.840 +planned summer programs. At the + +02:15.840 --> 02:17.920 +orientation session, you will be assigned + +02:17.920 --> 02:20.220 +to particular counties in which you will + +02:20.220 --> 02:22.540 +work and will meet the Mississippi people + +02:22.540 --> 02:25.280 +with whom you will be working. At the + +02:25.280 --> 02:27.400 +orientation session, a final decision on + +02:27.400 --> 02:30.260 +your acceptance will be made, for the MFDP + +02:30.260 --> 02:32.860 +must attempt to avoid all of the trouble + +02:32.860 --> 02:35.600 +possible for Mississippi. It's still a + +02:35.600 --> 02:38.060 +dangerous place. This does not pertain to + +02:38.060 --> 02:41.480 +you. You see, they're also dealing with + +02:41.480 --> 02:43.400 +lots of people individually all over the + +02:43.400 --> 02:45.220 +country, and Canada for that matter, too. + +02:46.520 --> 02:48.660 +If you've been screened up here, you've + +02:48.660 --> 02:51.700 +been accepted down. The session will be + +02:51.700 --> 02:53.420 +held at the Gulfside Methodist Assembly + +02:53.420 --> 02:55.260 +Waveland, Mississippi on the Gulf Coast. + +02:55.560 --> 02:57.900 +Travel directions are included. The + +02:57.900 --> 02:59.880 +orientation will start at 2 p.m. Thursday, + +03:00.120 --> 03:02.920 +June 10th. An evening meal will be served. + +03:03.120 --> 03:05.260 +The session will end Tuesday, June 15th + +03:05.260 --> 03:07.600 +after breakfast, at which time you will go + +03:07.600 --> 03:09.460 +to the county where you will be working. + +03:09.940 --> 03:12.020 +If at all possible, bring a sleeping bag + +03:12.020 --> 03:14.620 +for some people who may need it. We are + +03:14.620 --> 03:16.780 +also asking you to bring $25 to help us + +03:16.780 --> 03:21.540 +defray the expense of the session. It + +03:21.540 --> 03:23.700 +costs $5 a day to house and feed each + +03:23.700 --> 03:26.060 +volunteer. I'll explain that in a moment. + +03:26.360 --> 03:30.620 +The MFDP has almost no money at all now. + +03:31.180 --> 03:33.080 +This also means that we must ask you to + +03:33.080 --> 03:34.500 +provide your own transportation to + +03:34.500 --> 03:37.540 +Waveland. Speaking of money, we must ask + +03:37.540 --> 03:39.120 +that you provide your own subsistence for + +03:39.120 --> 03:41.580 +the summer. This means about $15 per week. + +03:42.340 --> 03:44.060 +housing will be arranged for you with + +03:44.060 --> 03:46.580 +people living in the county in regards to + +03:46.580 --> 03:48.140 +housing you must not expect facilities + +03:48.140 --> 03:50.760 +that you are probably used to this means + +03:50.760 --> 03:52.460 +that there may be no indoor plumbing no + +03:52.460 --> 03:56.880 +running water no hot water but the people + +03:56.880 --> 03:59.540 +you stay with will more than make up for + +03:59.540 --> 04:02.020 +the lack of facilities you should bring + +04:02.020 --> 04:03.540 +comfortable summer clothing to wear and + +04:03.540 --> 04:05.260 +unless you want to go to church you will + +04:05.260 --> 04:08.500 +not need dress clothing at all you should + +04:08.500 --> 04:10.140 +avoid bringing a lot of baggage because + +04:10.140 --> 04:12.880 +you will probably not need it and a lot of + +04:12.880 --> 04:14.480 +baggage will be difficult to carry around + +04:14.480 --> 04:16.460 +you should also bring your own personal + +04:16.460 --> 04:19.040 +items such as toilet articles or some + +04:19.040 --> 04:21.260 +point for in some places they may not be + +04:21.260 --> 04:24.800 +easily gotten if possible you should bring + +04:24.800 --> 04:26.860 +a typewriter typing paper carbon paper + +04:27.440 --> 04:29.540 +also if you are able to bring a car at all + +04:29.540 --> 04:31.880 +please do you have a tremendous lack of + +04:31.880 --> 04:33.860 +transportation not only in jackson but in + +04:33.860 --> 04:36.920 +all also in other counties if you do bring + +04:36.920 --> 04:38.380 +a car you should try to be able to cover + +04:38.380 --> 04:41.900 +operating expenses you should know that + +04:41.900 --> 04:43.980 +the mississippi law requires license + +04:43.980 --> 04:46.300 +mississippi license plates after 60 days + +04:46.300 --> 04:49.020 +in the state the tax costs four percent of + +04:49.020 --> 04:52.480 +the estimated value of the car the last + +04:52.480 --> 04:55.000 +thing we should mention is bail contacts + +04:55.000 --> 04:57.920 +there may be some trouble with quote + +04:57.920 --> 05:01.860 +mississippi officials unquote for the mfdp + +05:01.860 --> 05:05.400 +has not yet quote reached unquote them we + +05:07.980 --> 05:09.940 +We expect less trouble with them this + +05:09.940 --> 05:11.480 +summer than last, but a chance still + +05:11.480 --> 05:13.700 +remains that you may enjoy the local + +05:13.700 --> 05:17.380 +government's hospitality. We would like to + +05:17.380 --> 05:20.360 +know a few people we can contact for bond + +05:20.360 --> 05:22.920 +money. $500 will be sufficient in case you + +05:22.920 --> 05:26.620 +are arrested. We will have good legal help + +05:26.620 --> 05:29.820 +for you if this problem comes up. It is + +05:29.820 --> 05:31.220 +very important you attend the orientation + +05:31.220 --> 05:34.900 +session. what you will be doing will be + +05:34.900 --> 05:36.900 +discussed and you will have a chance to + +05:36.900 --> 05:39.440 +talk to the people with whom you will be + +05:39.440 --> 05:43.320 +working. That one, it should have stayed + +05:43.320 --> 05:44.760 +the last semester, whatever they want. + +05:47.920 --> 05:51.520 +Now this then is the detail of what the + +05:51.520 --> 05:54.360 +rest of the information from Waveland. The + +05:54.360 --> 05:56.240 +first two pages give you an idea of the + +05:56.240 --> 05:58.640 +counties in Mississippi which will have + +05:58.640 --> 06:02.000 +programs this summer. some of the numbers + +06:02.000 --> 06:04.780 +of people they will be needing. And we + +06:04.780 --> 06:06.300 +purposely reprinted the whole thing, + +06:06.320 --> 06:10.640 +although it might not all be useful to + +06:10.640 --> 06:12.140 +you. But just to give you an idea of what + +06:12.140 --> 06:16.280 +the range of projects are, all the way + +06:16.280 --> 06:19.800 +from, you see, sewing to adult education, + +06:20.060 --> 06:22.500 +voter registration, and so on. And these + +06:22.500 --> 06:24.360 +are for you to keep if you like. The total + +06:24.360 --> 06:26.160 +number of volunteers, that's for the whole + +06:26.160 --> 06:29.380 +country, It will be 439, and then like + +06:29.380 --> 06:33.080 +about 150 from here. We have, + +06:33.140 --> 06:36.340 +incidentally, over 100 that are not yet + +06:36.340 --> 06:41.580 +assigned and probably go. This is the rest + +06:41.580 --> 06:42.960 +of the next two pages of transportation + +06:42.960 --> 06:43.480 +information. + +06:47.060 --> 06:49.140 +And you'll see the reason for + +06:49.140 --> 06:51.220 +transportation coming from New Orleans if + +06:51.220 --> 06:52.720 +you'll turn to the next to the last page, + +06:52.900 --> 06:54.100 +because the map is there. + +07:01.860 --> 07:08.140 +New Orleans is your best or fastest way to + +07:08.140 --> 07:11.540 +go if you're coming from out here. Highway + +07:11.540 --> 07:15.720 +90 is that major scenic highway that + +07:15.720 --> 07:18.160 +follows the Gulf Coast, Florida, if you're + +07:18.160 --> 07:19.340 +driving from New Orleans. + +07:23.300 --> 07:25.360 +and some of the information I just read to + +07:25.360 --> 07:26.880 +you from that letter is contained on the + +07:26.880 --> 07:27.980 +last page + +07:34.760 --> 07:36.900 +now what I'd like to do is stop here right + +07:36.900 --> 07:41.180 +here and talk about it. Yes. + +07:47.740 --> 07:51.620 +Yeah. We've discussed this with SNCC + +07:51.620 --> 07:55.420 +regional people. We urge you not to go to + +07:55.420 --> 07:58.400 +Washington, but if you can get down here + +07:58.400 --> 07:59.800 +faster to go to Mississippi. + +08:03.520 --> 08:08.040 +If you're going what? You mean to visit + +08:08.040 --> 08:10.280 +family? And what's the question? + +08:13.900 --> 08:16.720 +And get back down here as quick as you can + +08:16.720 --> 08:21.540 +to Mississippi. Yeah. Unless you happen to + +08:21.540 --> 08:23.240 +be living in Washington. We have one + +08:23.240 --> 08:26.480 +that's very close. What do you think, + +08:26.480 --> 08:31.260 +Mike? Where are you? Yeah. If you're that + +08:31.260 --> 08:31.600 +close. + +08:54.560 --> 08:57.460 +Not unless it works out that the person + +08:57.460 --> 08:59.000 +sitting on this side of the room right now + +08:59.000 --> 09:01.340 +is jotting down in his piece of paper that + +09:01.340 --> 09:03.700 +I have a car leaving from New York on June + +09:03.700 --> 09:08.120 +19th. We have no way of working this out. + +09:08.360 --> 09:12.060 +Yeah? They may have cars. + +09:15.020 --> 09:18.700 +You have a... Do you know the address + +09:18.700 --> 09:19.060 +offhand? + +09:25.700 --> 09:26.340 +Okay. + +09:37.500 --> 09:39.480 +In other words, if you will be arriving in + +09:39.480 --> 09:43.040 +Mississippi after the 15th? No, you put + +09:43.040 --> 09:44.240 +that down on the sheet that's coming + +09:44.240 --> 09:47.140 +around, and what we're going to suggest to + +09:47.140 --> 09:50.000 +Mississippi people is that all of you + +09:50.000 --> 09:52.560 +people go directly to Jackson, to their + +09:52.560 --> 09:54.400 +central office, and then be assigned from + +09:54.400 --> 09:55.240 +there around the state. + +10:04.580 --> 10:09.400 +You got one separately? Yeah. Yeah. + +10:13.900 --> 10:16.980 +Well, if you've been... Have you been + +10:16.980 --> 10:18.780 +interviewed here? Yeah. Then you've been + +10:18.780 --> 10:20.920 +accepted in the Mississippi project, + +10:21.040 --> 10:22.400 +right? There are a few people who wrote + +10:22.400 --> 10:25.480 +independently of this next screening + +10:25.480 --> 10:27.300 +process up here, and they heard + +10:27.300 --> 10:29.680 +independently themselves. But they sent us + +10:29.680 --> 10:30.360 +a list of your names. + +10:34.100 --> 10:38.100 +Well, because they need the people down + +10:38.100 --> 10:40.400 +here right quick, and we haven't even been + +10:40.400 --> 10:42.740 +able to honor the needs of one or two of + +10:42.740 --> 10:45.660 +the small counties that have needs right + +10:45.660 --> 10:48.460 +now, so that it doesn't seem to make sense + +10:48.460 --> 10:51.660 +to go clear east and spend a week or two + +10:51.660 --> 10:53.860 +doing that when they need people right now + +10:53.860 --> 10:54.200 +in Mississippi. + +11:02.320 --> 11:04.100 +Well, we're going to suggest that there be + +11:04.100 --> 11:05.940 +an orientation, but I think that they will + +11:05.940 --> 11:08.260 +probably not be able to organize another + +11:08.260 --> 11:09.800 +statewide one, but there will be an + +11:09.800 --> 11:13.240 +orientation at your local project. It + +11:13.240 --> 11:14.620 +won't be as an elaborate one as this. + +11:28.820 --> 11:30.400 +I would suggest you give your two weeks + +11:30.400 --> 11:30.680 +notice. + +11:35.040 --> 11:36.500 +I'll bring the 400 with you. + +11:39.700 --> 11:43.660 +Or a car. Let me just see if I show a + +11:43.660 --> 11:46.480 +hand. How many do have cars? Oh, that's + +11:46.480 --> 11:49.780 +great. I mean that are going south. Cars + +11:49.780 --> 11:50.320 +are going south. + +11:56.560 --> 11:58.520 +We're going to get the Arkansas people + +11:58.520 --> 12:03.320 +together. Is Vince here someplace? During + +12:03.320 --> 12:06.900 +the lunch period, Vince, why don't you + +12:06.900 --> 12:08.600 +stand up so the other Arkansas people can + +12:08.600 --> 12:12.920 +see. This is Vincent O'Connor. During + +12:12.920 --> 12:15.240 +lunch, let's get the Arkansas people + +12:15.240 --> 12:19.060 +together down here. Okay? Okay, with this, + +12:19.060 --> 12:22.140 +down in this corner right here. And we'll + +12:22.140 --> 12:24.660 +work separately on transportation and what + +12:24.660 --> 12:26.300 +we report to and all this stuff over + +12:26.300 --> 12:27.140 +there. Yes. + +12:31.820 --> 12:36.660 +Have already what? Yes. Yes. Yes, let me + +12:36.660 --> 12:39.060 +see how many Arkansas people are there. + +12:39.160 --> 12:40.680 +Just put your hands up so I can count. + +12:41.140 --> 12:46.580 +One, two, three, four. Four. Okay, ten + +12:46.580 --> 12:49.780 +people were selected for Arkansas. They + +12:49.780 --> 12:51.960 +did their own, we sent them a whole batch + +12:51.960 --> 12:53.660 +of applications. They pulled out of it + +12:53.660 --> 12:55.760 +what they thought were their needs, and + +12:55.760 --> 12:57.680 +then they wrote directly to these people + +12:57.680 --> 13:00.600 +accepting them. Since then, we've had a + +13:00.600 --> 13:02.440 +little bit of attrition. I think we lost a + +13:02.440 --> 13:05.720 +few via the marriage route and other ways. + +13:06.320 --> 13:08.060 +So we're going to have to replace them. If + +13:08.060 --> 13:10.640 +somebody has a particular driving need, + +13:10.720 --> 13:13.240 +they want to go to Arkansas, So you can + +13:13.240 --> 13:14.740 +tell me about it during the lunch period. + +13:15.340 --> 13:16.700 +Otherwise, we're just going to be + +13:16.700 --> 13:19.520 +selecting people for you have some. So all + +13:19.520 --> 13:19.780 +right. + +13:23.820 --> 13:26.600 +There are four people left last week for, + +13:26.740 --> 13:30.780 +I think, Carroll County. That's on the + +13:30.780 --> 13:33.320 +sheet someplace, I'm sure. And a couple + +13:33.320 --> 13:35.840 +have gone off to other practice, other + +13:35.840 --> 13:38.360 +kinds of work a little bit earlier. And + +13:38.360 --> 13:42.520 +then we also lost a few to CORE and SLCC + +13:42.520 --> 13:44.220 +because we did not have enough definite + +13:44.220 --> 13:45.940 +information about summer projects and + +13:45.940 --> 13:48.320 +people had to make commitments, but that's + +13:48.320 --> 13:48.820 +not a loss. + +13:54.800 --> 13:56.620 +Let me just see by a show of hands so we + +13:56.620 --> 13:58.160 +all know ourselves. How many can make + +13:58.160 --> 13:59.380 +Waveland on June 10th? + +14:03.820 --> 14:07.680 +Yeah, 10 or 12. So can anybody, those who, + +14:07.760 --> 14:10.000 +just keep your hands down. How about other + +14:10.000 --> 14:12.260 +people that can make part of Waveland, say + +14:12.260 --> 14:13.640 +the 13th or the 15th? + +14:16.100 --> 14:17.620 +Oh, that's pretty soon. + +14:27.060 --> 14:28.940 +You're all young people driving all night? + +14:31.520 --> 14:32.680 +A day plus. + +14:40.920 --> 14:42.960 +You start at 8 o'clock one morning. You + +14:42.960 --> 14:44.520 +should make it 6 o'clock the next night. + +14:50.060 --> 14:50.880 +Day and a half. + +14:55.260 --> 14:57.040 +Yes, that's the 1.30. It's recession + +14:57.040 --> 14:58.000 +today. I'm going to try to arrange it + +14:58.000 --> 14:58.200 +properly. + +15:03.900 --> 15:06.360 +Yeah, 24, 12, 36 hours. + +15:11.820 --> 15:13.360 +I don't know what it is with you people. + +15:13.400 --> 15:14.580 +I've driven to Iowa in that time. + +15:17.840 --> 15:18.260 +Further? + +15:22.440 --> 15:29.800 +Maybe that's why. Two days. Uh, 36 hours. + +15:30.160 --> 15:32.960 +Uh, you got a lot of money to spend on the + +15:32.960 --> 15:33.480 +station here. + +15:36.760 --> 15:39.220 +Well, some people do. What's the distance? + +15:39.320 --> 15:42.180 +Does anybody know? Um, I think I'm gonna + +15:42.180 --> 15:45.580 +say it's... 2,000? 1,700 miles to Selma + +15:45.580 --> 15:48.560 +Station. How much? 1,700 miles to Selma + +15:48.560 --> 15:52.660 +Station. That's the minimum, sir. Yeah, + +15:52.660 --> 15:54.520 +but that's further east, isn't it? Yeah, + +15:54.520 --> 15:57.720 +that's north of that. I would say about 2 + +15:57.720 --> 16:01.900 +,000 miles. 2,000 miles. Yeah, that's what + +16:01.900 --> 16:04.660 +I figured, about 2,000 miles. Yeah. + +16:07.680 --> 16:13.340 +Make 1,000 miles a day. Yeah. Why is + +16:13.340 --> 16:15.320 +Mississippi asking for 130 volunteers? + +16:19.020 --> 16:21.540 +Well, as it works out, we seem to be the + +16:21.540 --> 16:23.120 +only ones, or at least the only ones we + +16:23.120 --> 16:25.720 +know about that are this well organized + +16:25.720 --> 16:31.140 +quote unquote so they you know we told + +16:31.140 --> 16:36.300 +them we'd have about 150. i think a lot of + +16:36.300 --> 16:39.780 +people have written directly to them and + +16:39.780 --> 16:41.400 +so they're dealing with a lot of people + +16:41.400 --> 16:43.140 +individually but they're counting on us + +16:43.140 --> 16:44.300 +for one large patch + +16:48.440 --> 16:51.700 +and has been interviewed right + +16:53.660 --> 16:55.940 +oh we made the assumption in your case + +16:55.940 --> 16:58.860 +that you're both are both good screen + +16:58.860 --> 17:00.340 +you're going to go together + +17:06.950 --> 17:08.760 +any other questions are wavelength + +17:14.300 --> 17:16.780 +all right uh phase two then for this + +17:16.780 --> 17:19.300 +morning is to uh get this panel together + +17:19.300 --> 17:23.820 +and uh talk about uh problems of living + +17:23.820 --> 17:26.080 +there now what we intend to do here is uh + +17:26.080 --> 17:29.420 +bring this people this group of people + +17:29.420 --> 17:33.600 +forward and uh give them all a minute or + +17:33.600 --> 17:36.580 +two to just open up areas that we'll get + +17:36.580 --> 17:40.260 +into in some depth but a lot of it will be + +17:40.260 --> 17:43.640 +in response to what your questions are too + +17:43.640 --> 17:47.580 +of this panel and uh you'll i'll introduce + +17:47.580 --> 17:49.920 +the panel to you uh very briefly but it'll + +17:49.920 --> 17:52.100 +give you an idea of what they have to + +17:52.100 --> 17:55.020 +offer to you let me first call up frank + +17:55.020 --> 17:59.700 +vitts and frank powell who are working up + +17:59.700 --> 18:00.520 +north + +18:03.460 --> 18:08.620 +who are from alabama and I'll tell you + +18:08.620 --> 18:12.440 +about life in Alabama. Ron Bridgeforth + +18:12.440 --> 18:17.120 +from Secretary of Defense. What happened + +18:17.120 --> 18:20.940 +to Ron? I think he must be standing + +18:20.940 --> 18:23.080 +outside or something. Is Doug Smith here? + +18:24.760 --> 18:26.940 +He was due with him, so maybe he went to + +18:26.940 --> 18:30.860 +get him or something. Kathy Kappen, who + +18:30.860 --> 18:33.320 +spent about seven months, And then, of all + +18:33.320 --> 18:34.660 +things, got married and went back to + +18:34.660 --> 18:35.960 +Mississippi recently on a honeymoon. + +18:40.320 --> 18:43.100 +Mike Miller, regional coordinator of SNCC + +18:43.100 --> 18:50.720 +in this area. Neil Friedman, who is with + +18:50.720 --> 18:53.660 +our screening committee at Langley Porter, + +18:54.340 --> 18:56.240 +some colleges, and will be teaching at a + +18:56.240 --> 18:57.800 +certain Negro college this year. + +19:05.000 --> 19:06.580 +And that's it for the moment. We'll wait + +19:06.580 --> 19:09.160 +for Ron, and when Ron and Doug come, they + +19:09.160 --> 19:12.560 +can just join us. Thank you. + +19:45.420 --> 19:46.640 +Doug, you want to come up here, please? + +19:48.640 --> 19:50.940 +Doug Smith is the 5th Congressional + +19:50.940 --> 19:53.080 +District Program Director for Snake and + +19:53.080 --> 19:53.360 +Mississippi. + +19:59.780 --> 20:01.820 +And Ron, I think it would be good if you + +20:01.820 --> 20:03.820 +would sort of kick things off and get out + +20:03.820 --> 20:04.240 +of your way here. + +20:25.560 --> 20:29.420 +Well, the man just said, tell you what it + +20:29.420 --> 20:32.260 +is, I live in Mississippi. And that's + +20:32.260 --> 20:35.360 +somewhat impossible. I mean you run into + +20:35.360 --> 20:38.360 +maybe, well you run into orientations in + +20:38.360 --> 20:40.880 +Waveland and come late probably one in + +20:40.880 --> 20:43.900 +Jackson. There were two orientations in + +20:43.900 --> 20:48.840 +Oxford, Ohio last summer. And people try + +20:48.840 --> 20:53.860 +to talk about, and will try to talk about + +20:53.860 --> 20:56.420 +what it's like to be in Mississippi and + +20:56.420 --> 20:57.500 +work on voter registration. + +21:00.440 --> 21:02.140 +Now I'll start off by saying you can't be + +21:02.140 --> 21:03.680 +prepared for that. I mean it's a different + +21:03.680 --> 21:04.040 +world. + +21:06.740 --> 21:09.440 +It's like, you might not like policemen + +21:09.440 --> 21:11.760 +now, but at least you can ask them for + +21:11.760 --> 21:12.060 +directions. + +21:16.400 --> 21:18.040 +And like people are going to attempt to + +21:18.040 --> 21:19.680 +scare the hell out of you so you don't go + +21:19.680 --> 21:22.180 +around the highways at 70 and 80 miles an + +21:22.180 --> 21:24.240 +hour before you learn what it's all about. + +21:24.980 --> 21:26.380 +and God, I hope you don't. + +21:29.220 --> 21:30.880 +You're going to run into people that + +21:30.880 --> 21:34.400 +really hate your guts. I mean, they'd + +21:34.400 --> 21:36.220 +rather see me, because at least I'm black, + +21:36.420 --> 21:38.800 +but you're a traitor. You're a traitor to + +21:38.800 --> 21:41.540 +the white race and white supremacy. And + +21:41.540 --> 21:43.980 +they look at it in those terms. You're + +21:43.980 --> 21:45.820 +going to run into very scared southern + +21:45.820 --> 21:48.900 +white men who have their backs against the + +21:48.900 --> 21:52.000 +wall, whose very way of life and existence + +21:52.460 --> 21:55.300 +I mean, is being torn away from you. The + +21:55.300 --> 21:56.860 +foundation of their lives is the Southern + +21:56.860 --> 22:02.000 +Negro. And he's standing up. He's being + +22:02.000 --> 22:03.420 +laid down all his life, and they've been + +22:03.420 --> 22:05.480 +standing on his back, and suddenly he's + +22:05.480 --> 22:08.180 +beginning to stand up. And what do they + +22:08.180 --> 22:12.860 +do? They have to follow. I mean, Baldwin + +22:12.860 --> 22:14.660 +articulates that whole situation very + +22:14.660 --> 22:16.840 +well, in terms of walking out in the + +22:16.840 --> 22:18.260 +morning and seeing the whole sky in + +22:18.260 --> 22:20.760 +flames. I mean, it destroys your grasp + +22:20.760 --> 22:23.180 +upon reality. And these men are very + +22:23.180 --> 22:24.440 +scared. They're fighting back like a + +22:24.440 --> 22:27.020 +corner cat in a corner. He's going to + +22:27.020 --> 22:28.440 +start striking me out any way possible, + +22:28.680 --> 22:29.960 +just out of fear. + +22:33.360 --> 22:36.940 +And during the years of 61, 60, 61, 62, + +22:37.160 --> 22:42.400 +63, there wasn't much in the way of + +22:42.400 --> 22:44.020 +stopping that man from just striking me + +22:44.020 --> 22:45.420 +out and hitting people and killing people. + +22:46.500 --> 22:48.800 +Because of last summer, and because of the + +22:48.800 --> 22:51.460 +virtual challenges going on now, he's also + +22:51.460 --> 22:55.240 +become very image conscious. So it's a bit + +22:55.240 --> 22:56.740 +safer than last summer. I mean, he doesn't + +22:56.740 --> 22:57.860 +want any trouble. He doesn't want...I + +22:57.860 --> 22:59.120 +mean, sheriffs don't want to be Sheriff + +22:59.120 --> 23:02.420 +Rainey all over again. So, I mean, they're + +23:02.420 --> 23:04.280 +kind of backing up. And they're being + +23:04.280 --> 23:05.860 +pushed farther and farther with this stuff + +23:05.860 --> 23:08.940 +now. And they're trying things like now to + +23:08.940 --> 23:11.140 +get you on every charge they can. and + +23:11.140 --> 23:12.280 +they're going to get you to contribute to + +23:12.280 --> 23:14.760 +the Lincoln C4-1 account, you're just + +23:14.760 --> 23:17.340 +going to have to watch yourself. And sure, + +23:17.360 --> 23:18.540 +they'll make deals here and there, and + +23:18.540 --> 23:20.060 +say, well, we'll give you 10 years and you + +23:20.060 --> 23:23.640 +leave the state of Alabama. You've got a + +23:23.640 --> 23:24.200 +choice, you know. + +23:27.300 --> 23:29.160 +But that should be told again and again. + +23:29.980 --> 23:31.980 +And fear is a good, healthy thing. It + +23:31.980 --> 23:35.880 +keeps you alive. And I'd say now, if + +23:35.880 --> 23:38.260 +you're not afraid, and you feel no fear, + +23:38.500 --> 23:40.740 +don't go. because there's something wrong. + +23:46.200 --> 23:49.220 +I think the attitude to go in with is that + +23:49.220 --> 23:51.840 +you don't know and you don't have the + +23:51.840 --> 23:55.400 +answers. At least not the answers, because + +23:55.400 --> 23:57.840 +I don't know if there's the answers. And + +23:57.840 --> 23:59.220 +those people are going to basically do + +23:59.220 --> 24:02.180 +what they want to do. They know what they + +24:02.180 --> 24:04.220 +want. Maybe it's not what you think they + +24:04.220 --> 24:07.180 +need, but they know what they want. and + +24:07.180 --> 24:08.480 +you're going in with the attitude of + +24:08.480 --> 24:11.500 +helping them to get it. And if you can't + +24:11.500 --> 24:13.860 +agree to that, then you should leave, I + +24:13.860 --> 24:17.620 +think. Because you're not going down there + +24:17.620 --> 24:19.500 +to sell your line and propagate what you + +24:19.500 --> 24:22.740 +believe. But you're going down there to + +24:22.740 --> 24:25.200 +help those people do what they're trying + +24:25.200 --> 24:27.540 +to do. Maybe you bring in some outside + +24:27.540 --> 24:28.780 +knowledge, some outside skills. + +24:31.760 --> 24:33.480 +And if you think you know a better way of + +24:33.480 --> 24:36.140 +doing something, say it. don't try to make + +24:36.140 --> 24:38.360 +them do it. I mean that's just, you can't + +24:38.360 --> 24:39.820 +make people do things in the first place. + +24:39.980 --> 24:42.000 +You don't have that much influence and you + +24:42.000 --> 24:45.380 +just create confusion. There'll be a lot + +24:45.380 --> 24:47.600 +of situations where you find that because + +24:47.600 --> 24:50.100 +you are Northern White and with college + +24:50.100 --> 24:52.260 +backgrounds, people tend to be intimidated + +24:52.260 --> 24:55.700 +by that. And you'll have to deal with that + +24:55.700 --> 24:58.020 +when you get to that. Sometimes you find + +24:58.020 --> 25:00.600 +that you can't talk. I mean you simply + +25:00.600 --> 25:02.940 +can't talk until other people express what + +25:02.940 --> 25:05.060 +they believe. Because if you talk first, + +25:05.380 --> 25:07.980 +then they're too intimidating to talk. + +25:08.860 --> 25:12.460 +Because you become like God, you know, the + +25:12.460 --> 25:14.580 +Savior, which you know you're not. + +25:19.920 --> 25:21.800 +There are a lot of other things that + +25:21.800 --> 25:23.500 +become a lot touchier, like the + +25:23.500 --> 25:25.140 +relationship of you related to Slick's + +25:25.140 --> 25:30.740 +staff. Slick is basically black. It's + +25:30.740 --> 25:34.400 +black oil. to propagate black leadership, + +25:34.640 --> 25:39.680 +which is not such a bad thing. But you + +25:39.680 --> 25:41.720 +find almost a reversal of what you find + +25:41.720 --> 25:44.440 +with southern white men. You find black + +25:44.440 --> 25:49.040 +sharpness and black supremacy. And last + +25:49.040 --> 25:53.120 +summer at Oxford, the volunteers saw a + +25:53.120 --> 25:55.040 +very weird thing. They saw people who had + +25:55.040 --> 25:56.700 +been running across Mississippi for three + +25:56.700 --> 25:58.840 +years, going through all sorts of hell, + +25:58.840 --> 26:02.280 +little scared out of their wits for a + +26:02.280 --> 26:07.440 +number of reasons. One, they were afraid + +26:07.440 --> 26:09.460 +of the responsibility of 750 white + +26:09.460 --> 26:12.060 +volunteers and trying to keep them alive. + +26:13.460 --> 26:15.600 +And two, some of them were afraid of being + +26:15.600 --> 26:18.780 +overrun by white intellectuals. + +26:21.180 --> 26:25.000 +But you're two very valid figures. And + +26:25.000 --> 26:25.960 +they didn't know how to deal with that. + +26:29.500 --> 26:31.600 +And a great number of the volunteers felt + +26:31.600 --> 26:34.960 +like they were shut out and isolated. That + +26:34.960 --> 26:37.260 +they weren't talked to. That people + +26:37.260 --> 26:40.380 +wouldn't tell them what was going on. And + +26:40.380 --> 26:43.440 +I thought this. It's a closed, cold, cold + +26:43.440 --> 26:45.640 +staff meeting. Well, hell, I'm a project + +26:45.640 --> 26:47.500 +director. But you're not state staff, + +26:47.580 --> 26:50.100 +you're not court staff. It became a very, + +26:50.140 --> 26:54.780 +you know, it's all they had. A lot of that + +26:54.780 --> 26:56.160 +is broken down, but still you're going to + +26:56.160 --> 26:59.700 +find a reversal of pregnancy. I mean, + +26:59.700 --> 27:01.680 +after 20 years of being kicked around in + +27:01.680 --> 27:03.160 +the states of Mississippi and Alabama, in + +27:03.160 --> 27:04.400 +the northern ghettos, because you're + +27:04.400 --> 27:09.480 +black, you can't help but dislike white. I + +27:09.480 --> 27:10.600 +mean, these people are not, you know, + +27:12.960 --> 27:15.160 +They're not Jesus or anybody else because + +27:15.160 --> 27:18.160 +they don't love all men. And they have + +27:18.160 --> 27:22.660 +real hate towards the white race. And + +27:22.660 --> 27:24.020 +they're fighting with these. I mean, it's + +27:24.020 --> 27:27.560 +a struggle. And you're not going to like + +27:27.560 --> 27:28.860 +it. Maybe you're not supposed to like it. + +27:29.660 --> 27:30.960 +But you're going to have to realize it's + +27:30.960 --> 27:33.400 +there. It's in the framework of what's + +27:33.400 --> 27:36.680 +there. There have been volunteers who've + +27:36.680 --> 27:38.940 +come back, you know, really down on his + +27:38.940 --> 27:42.440 +neck. especially white females because + +27:42.440 --> 27:44.340 +they just don't have power. I mean the + +27:44.340 --> 27:46.820 +priority in terms of people wanted to go + +27:46.820 --> 27:50.440 +south was black southerners, white + +27:50.440 --> 27:53.920 +southerners, black northerners, white + +27:53.920 --> 27:56.740 +northerners. You break that northerners + +27:56.740 --> 27:59.920 +down, white male northerners and last but + +27:59.920 --> 28:03.600 +not least was white female law that was + +28:03.600 --> 28:08.380 +just it that works that way in terms of + +28:08.380 --> 28:10.500 +how much you can get how much influence + +28:10.500 --> 28:15.560 +you have you're a black male you carry + +28:15.560 --> 28:16.880 +yourself like you know what you're doing + +28:16.880 --> 28:19.920 +and you do your job to move people to move + +28:19.920 --> 28:23.800 +people and staff outside of staff your + +28:23.800 --> 28:27.440 +wife email and you don't work go to build + +28:27.440 --> 28:30.400 +a black man comes along, you have no + +28:30.400 --> 28:33.160 +influence, you have no power. People are + +28:33.160 --> 28:34.280 +constantly working to get you out of the + +28:34.280 --> 28:35.640 +state. I think you should be put out of + +28:35.640 --> 28:38.940 +the state. And this is another unfortunate + +28:38.940 --> 28:43.820 +thing. Last summer, too many, and one was + +28:43.820 --> 28:46.100 +too many, white females came into the + +28:46.100 --> 28:49.360 +state simply to sleep with white, black + +28:49.360 --> 28:52.800 +males. And this was something that + +28:52.800 --> 28:54.000 +couldn't be found out, you know, from + +28:54.000 --> 28:55.580 +psychological testing, of course. + +28:59.460 --> 29:03.260 +And you know, at least I hope you can + +29:03.260 --> 29:05.140 +begin to understand the reaction of black + +29:05.140 --> 29:09.240 +females as sick. I mean, the black males + +29:09.240 --> 29:10.740 +were castrated all through this country. + +29:11.340 --> 29:13.180 +Black females had to put up with, you + +29:13.180 --> 29:16.520 +know, shit from one end to the other. And + +29:16.520 --> 29:19.280 +suddenly here are men beginning to emerge + +29:19.280 --> 29:20.880 +as truly men in this country who are + +29:20.880 --> 29:22.860 +black, and white females come along and + +29:22.860 --> 29:27.240 +take them away. And that's the one topic + +29:27.240 --> 29:29.040 +of conversation that everybody talks about + +29:29.040 --> 29:31.740 +here. Everybody. That whole sex hang-up. + +29:32.380 --> 29:33.880 +And maybe that's the largest hang-up in + +29:33.880 --> 29:36.160 +this country. And when you put it in terms + +29:36.160 --> 29:41.500 +of race, it just becomes a very sick + +29:41.500 --> 29:41.740 +thing. + +29:45.680 --> 29:47.400 +The world's not going to change overnight, + +29:47.660 --> 29:50.600 +but when I talk to volunteers who are + +29:50.600 --> 29:52.500 +going south, usually on a very personal + +29:52.500 --> 29:55.740 +level, one to two or two to one, I put it + +29:55.740 --> 29:56.940 +very bluntly, especially the white + +29:56.940 --> 29:59.120 +females. The only way you're going to make + +29:59.120 --> 30:00.680 +it inside the civil rights movement of the + +30:00.680 --> 30:04.280 +south is work. I mean, that's the only + +30:04.280 --> 30:06.740 +thing that proves you. I mean, the people, + +30:07.020 --> 30:10.340 +you know, we don't care what you think or + +30:10.340 --> 30:13.500 +why you're going. that's your business as + +30:13.500 --> 30:14.500 +long as you do the job + +30:18.000 --> 30:19.560 +the other thing is going to prove his work + +30:23.460 --> 30:24.860 +I just sleep with what you want to sleep + +30:24.860 --> 30:26.940 +with but you're gonna run into a lot of + +30:26.940 --> 30:30.520 +lines and a lot of beautiful people it's + +30:30.520 --> 30:33.560 +very twisted by the society and you're + +30:33.560 --> 30:35.300 +simply gonna have to watch yourself if you + +30:35.300 --> 30:36.060 +expect to survive + +30:38.980 --> 30:41.760 +That's a very grim picture. But it's this + +30:41.760 --> 30:43.820 +country, and with this country and this + +30:43.820 --> 30:44.820 +society, it's done to people. + +30:51.280 --> 30:55.180 +In terms of data, as I said before, I + +30:55.180 --> 30:57.540 +don't think it's half as bad as it was in + +30:57.540 --> 31:01.340 +the last summer. And it's unfortunate that + +31:01.340 --> 31:03.900 +those 750 white volunteers from the North + +31:03.900 --> 31:05.660 +was the only thing that could break that + +31:05.660 --> 31:08.300 +state. The black people have been dying + +31:08.300 --> 31:11.900 +there for 40 years. Suddenly two white + +31:11.900 --> 31:14.700 +northerners die, and this whole country is + +31:14.700 --> 31:19.560 +up in arms. But they did make it possible + +31:19.560 --> 31:21.380 +for people to go into counties and work + +31:21.380 --> 31:22.680 +where nobody could work before for + +31:22.680 --> 31:25.260 +registration. Counties where there were 4 + +31:25.260 --> 31:27.920 +,000 whites and 12,000 Negroes, and + +31:27.920 --> 31:29.020 +nobody's been registered since + +31:29.020 --> 31:29.680 +Reconstruction. + +31:32.540 --> 31:34.740 +They walked in, the Senators started + +31:34.740 --> 31:36.980 +calling, the Senators started calling on + +31:36.980 --> 31:39.000 +phones, the Governor started calling, the + +31:39.000 --> 31:40.620 +FBI walked in, the Justice Department + +31:40.620 --> 31:43.120 +walked in, and the Sheriff said, Goddamn. + +31:46.300 --> 31:49.900 +And it worked. And a lot of those people + +31:49.900 --> 31:53.540 +did, you know, really good jobs. And + +31:53.540 --> 31:55.120 +there's a job for you to, you know, do in + +31:55.120 --> 31:58.180 +the state of Mississippi. Everybody can't + +31:58.180 --> 31:59.640 +work on voter registration full time. + +31:59.760 --> 32:02.880 +People have got to eat. And each county + +32:02.880 --> 32:05.100 +just about laid out its program and asked + +32:05.100 --> 32:06.160 +for the number of volunteers that it + +32:06.160 --> 32:08.660 +wants. There's going to be a difference + +32:08.660 --> 32:10.780 +this summer in terms of who you work for. + +32:12.040 --> 32:13.760 +Last summer people basically worked under + +32:13.760 --> 32:16.260 +the guidance of SNCC. It's a nice little + +32:16.260 --> 32:19.640 +establishment, to say the least. But this + +32:19.640 --> 32:22.780 +summer you're working for the FTP, which + +32:22.780 --> 32:25.540 +is better in one way, because you don't go + +32:25.540 --> 32:28.200 +into a county trying to make contacts or + +32:28.200 --> 32:30.920 +trying to get into the community you have + +32:30.920 --> 32:32.240 +somebody in the community asking for you + +32:32.240 --> 32:36.700 +and waiting for you you got it made on the + +32:36.700 --> 32:39.280 +other hand they're a hell of a lot more + +32:39.280 --> 32:42.740 +conservative in terms of dress, + +32:43.060 --> 32:48.720 +sexualized, religion and please don't go + +32:48.720 --> 32:51.120 +around trying to convince the good sisters + +32:51.120 --> 32:52.140 +they should be a + +32:56.580 --> 32:59.800 +religious have a personal thing anyway for + +32:59.800 --> 33:02.240 +too many years that's the only thing that + +33:02.240 --> 33:05.480 +they've had keep them going when you + +33:05.480 --> 33:07.100 +attack that you would take attack the + +33:07.100 --> 33:10.100 +basic finally those are the big you're + +33:10.100 --> 33:14.100 +gonna lose just leave that top They're + +33:14.100 --> 33:15.580 +going to draw you out, you know, make your + +33:15.580 --> 33:16.440 +own decisions on the spot. + +33:21.480 --> 33:23.600 +But they have their programs laid out, + +33:23.640 --> 33:25.420 +community centers, freedom schools, voter + +33:25.420 --> 33:28.200 +registration, specialized projects. And in + +33:28.200 --> 33:29.640 +some instances, they're asking people with + +33:29.640 --> 33:33.980 +specialized skills. And go in. They know + +33:33.980 --> 33:36.580 +what they want done. They want your help. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/bg405cn7261_v2_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/bg405cn7261_v2_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..16e6f47 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/bg405cn7261_v2_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,815 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:24.420 --> 00:27.020 +Okay, good. Thank you so much, Mark. My + +00:27.020 --> 00:29.580 +name is Amanda Whitmire. I am from the + +00:29.580 --> 00:31.740 +Miller Marine Biology Library here at + +00:31.740 --> 00:33.220 +Stanford Libraries, and I'm going to spend + +00:33.220 --> 00:35.920 +the next 10 minutes talking about student + +00:35.920 --> 00:37.740 +work and FERPA. And I nixed copyright + +00:37.740 --> 00:39.120 +because I only have 10 minutes, and + +00:39.120 --> 00:40.680 +there's a copyright person coming up in a + +00:40.680 --> 00:42.360 +bit later, so we won't worry about that + +00:42.360 --> 00:46.440 +for now. So FERPA is U.S. law, but I'm + +00:46.440 --> 00:48.900 +discussing it through the lens of a + +00:48.900 --> 00:51.520 +librarian at a marine research station + +00:52.020 --> 00:54.400 +with the intent of really just putting it + +00:54.400 --> 00:56.280 +on our collective radar as we move forward + +00:56.280 --> 00:58.220 +talking about archives and access over the + +00:58.220 --> 01:01.160 +next couple days. And just for context, my + +01:01.160 --> 01:03.460 +library is actually located at the Hopkins + +01:03.460 --> 01:05.440 +Marine Station, which is about 90 miles + +01:05.440 --> 01:08.220 +south of here, perched on the southern tip + +01:08.220 --> 01:13.560 +of Monterey Bay. Lucky me. So let's just + +01:13.560 --> 01:16.700 +get right into it. What is FERPA? So FERPA + +01:16.700 --> 01:18.560 +is a federal law that came in response + +01:18.560 --> 01:20.480 +really to a history of inconsistent + +01:20.480 --> 01:23.380 +institutional policies and improper + +01:23.380 --> 01:25.680 +disclosure of student information. So the + +01:25.680 --> 01:27.720 +intent of FERPA really is to protect + +01:27.720 --> 01:30.440 +privacy of both parents and student + +01:30.440 --> 01:31.020 +information. + +01:33.640 --> 01:35.960 +And what FERPA says is that institutions + +01:35.960 --> 01:38.320 +that receive federal funds have to provide + +01:38.320 --> 01:40.160 +parents with access to the educational + +01:40.160 --> 01:42.260 +records of their children, although this + +01:42.260 --> 01:43.820 +right transfers to the student once they + +01:43.820 --> 01:47.300 +turn 18. It prohibits releasing the + +01:47.300 --> 01:50.160 +educational records of students other than + +01:50.160 --> 01:52.580 +directory information without written + +01:52.580 --> 01:56.340 +consent, although consent is not required + +01:56.340 --> 01:58.600 +for release of the education records to + +01:58.600 --> 02:00.720 +certain institutions and organizations, + +02:01.160 --> 02:06.360 +which is slightly confusing, right? So + +02:06.360 --> 02:07.980 +recall that I mentioned that directory + +02:07.980 --> 02:09.420 +information can be released without + +02:09.420 --> 02:11.120 +consent. So what is directory information? + +02:11.120 --> 02:12.920 +It's things that wouldn't be considered a + +02:12.920 --> 02:15.480 +violation of the student's privacy, which + +02:15.480 --> 02:18.100 +surprisingly includes things like place + +02:18.100 --> 02:20.440 +and date of birth, their photograph. If + +02:20.440 --> 02:21.780 +they're on an athletic team, you can + +02:21.780 --> 02:24.260 +release their height and weight. So I'll + +02:24.260 --> 02:26.120 +leave it to you to decide how invasive you + +02:26.120 --> 02:29.540 +think this non-private information really + +02:29.540 --> 02:32.780 +is. And then recall also that consent + +02:32.780 --> 02:34.960 +wasn't required to release certain + +02:34.960 --> 02:38.400 +education records of students. Well, what + +02:38.400 --> 02:41.160 +are those? FERPA defines those as being + +02:41.160 --> 02:44.820 +student works that are directly related to + +02:44.820 --> 02:47.680 +the students process through school and + +02:47.680 --> 02:48.780 +they're maintained by the educational + +02:48.780 --> 02:50.900 +institution and it could be handwritten + +02:50.900 --> 02:53.940 +assignments, digital media, and so on. + +02:54.000 --> 02:57.480 +Lots of different formats. So already this + +02:57.480 --> 02:59.480 +is pretty confusing and as librarians and + +02:59.480 --> 03:00.900 +archivists you're probably wondering well + +03:00.900 --> 03:03.440 +what is the overlap between student work + +03:03.440 --> 03:05.620 +you might have in your collection and + +03:05.620 --> 03:07.420 +FERPA? What is considered an education + +03:07.420 --> 03:09.940 +record and might have to be collected and + +03:09.940 --> 03:11.140 +what is something that we can make + +03:11.140 --> 03:14.400 +available. And so ALA actually asked the + +03:14.400 --> 03:16.000 +US Department of Education this question + +03:16.000 --> 03:18.640 +in 1993 and the Department of Ed clarified + +03:18.640 --> 03:21.800 +saying something like a thesis which a + +03:21.800 --> 03:24.440 +student gives to the library generally for + +03:24.440 --> 03:26.260 +the known purpose of being made available + +03:26.260 --> 03:29.900 +as a research material. The process of the + +03:29.900 --> 03:31.620 +student giving their material to the + +03:31.620 --> 03:33.380 +library provides a form of tacit + +03:33.380 --> 03:35.020 +permission to to make those materials + +03:35.020 --> 03:36.340 +available as research objects. + +03:40.300 --> 03:42.460 +So as we've seen, the regulations + +03:42.460 --> 03:44.460 +concerning student work or educational + +03:44.460 --> 03:48.880 +records can be confusing, but FERPA is + +03:48.880 --> 03:50.520 +important, and our understanding of FERPA + +03:50.520 --> 03:52.020 +is important because I think students + +03:52.020 --> 03:54.560 +produce really important research that's + +03:54.560 --> 03:55.840 +critical to our understanding of the + +03:55.840 --> 03:58.060 +world. And to the extent possible, I wanna + +03:58.060 --> 03:59.940 +be able to make those research materials + +03:59.940 --> 04:03.140 +available. And so for the next few + +04:03.140 --> 04:04.260 +minutes, I'm going to give you an example + +04:04.260 --> 04:05.500 +of something that I've been navigating + +04:05.500 --> 04:07.860 +through my work recently to give you some + +04:07.860 --> 04:10.320 +context on my thoughts on this issue. And + +04:10.320 --> 04:11.960 +it's going to seem like a little bit of a + +04:11.960 --> 04:13.700 +tangent at first, but stick with me. It's + +04:13.700 --> 04:16.940 +all going to come back together. So has + +04:16.940 --> 04:19.260 +anyone in this room ever used the Merlin + +04:19.260 --> 04:21.700 +Bird ID app or iNaturalist to identify + +04:21.700 --> 04:25.340 +something? Yes. My people. You're my + +04:25.340 --> 04:27.640 +people. Perfect. So when you take a + +04:27.640 --> 04:29.120 +picture of something and you upload it + +04:29.120 --> 04:30.920 +into Merlin or to iNaturalist, what you're + +04:30.920 --> 04:32.500 +doing is you're collecting three pieces of + +04:32.500 --> 04:35.520 +information. I saw this thing in this + +04:35.520 --> 04:38.100 +place at this time. And those three pieces + +04:38.100 --> 04:39.640 +of information together are called a + +04:39.640 --> 04:40.220 +species occurrence. + +04:43.780 --> 04:46.180 +And there's a place called GBIF, the + +04:46.180 --> 04:47.880 +Global Biodiversity Information Facility, + +04:47.880 --> 04:49.800 +that gathers species occurrence records + +04:49.800 --> 04:52.400 +from iNaturalist, from eBird, from + +04:52.400 --> 04:54.340 +academic research that's happening all + +04:54.340 --> 04:56.080 +over the world. And as it stands, they + +04:56.080 --> 05:00.300 +have almost 1.4 billion records of, I saw + +05:00.300 --> 05:03.420 +this thing in this place at this time. And + +05:03.420 --> 05:05.140 +why is that important? Well, if you're + +05:05.140 --> 05:06.760 +interested in understanding things like + +05:06.760 --> 05:08.620 +how climate change might be shifting the + +05:08.620 --> 05:10.220 +distribution of animals and plants on the + +05:10.220 --> 05:12.240 +planet, you have to understand not only + +05:12.240 --> 05:14.140 +where they are now, but where they were + +05:14.140 --> 05:16.840 +before. And that is the power of 1.4 + +05:16.840 --> 05:21.440 +billion observations in GBIF. So as one + +05:21.440 --> 05:22.860 +example, say you're interested in knowing + +05:22.860 --> 05:25.700 +where this very common marine anemone can + +05:25.700 --> 05:28.040 +be found in the world, Anthoplaura, and + +05:28.040 --> 05:29.840 +you go to GBIF and you take a look and see + +05:29.840 --> 05:31.400 +what they have, you'll see that there's + +05:31.400 --> 05:33.660 +almost 2,500 species occurrence records, + +05:33.820 --> 05:37.300 +which sounds like a lot of data. But if + +05:37.300 --> 05:39.620 +you take one step deeper into the data, + +05:39.700 --> 05:41.300 +what you find is that the large majority + +05:41.300 --> 05:43.520 +of our records of this organism, and in + +05:43.520 --> 05:45.780 +fact the majority of all of the records in + +05:45.780 --> 05:48.040 +GBIF, are very recent. And if you're + +05:48.040 --> 05:49.700 +interested in looking at things on the + +05:49.700 --> 05:51.240 +scale of climate change, you need to be + +05:51.240 --> 05:53.800 +able to look much further back in time. So + +05:53.800 --> 05:56.460 +how do we fill this observational gap? And + +05:56.460 --> 05:57.660 +that's where I think long-standing + +05:57.660 --> 05:59.680 +educational institutions like Stanford and + +05:59.680 --> 06:01.520 +others really are poised to make a + +06:01.520 --> 06:04.020 +significant contribution. And one area + +06:04.020 --> 06:06.280 +where I think we can make a contribution + +06:06.280 --> 06:08.000 +locally is through the undergraduate work + +06:08.000 --> 06:09.720 +of our students. So in particular I just + +06:09.720 --> 06:11.540 +want to give this one example of two + +06:11.540 --> 06:13.220 +students, Sarah Gilman and Rafe Stagrin. + +06:13.340 --> 06:15.740 +They came to Hopkins in the summer of 1993 + +06:15.740 --> 06:18.820 +and what they chose to do for their + +06:18.820 --> 06:20.740 +research project was to resample a + +06:20.740 --> 06:23.420 +transect that was first sampled in 1931 to + +06:23.420 --> 06:26.340 +1933. So there's an an intertidal line + +06:26.340 --> 06:28.660 +that goes from the shore out 105 yards. + +06:28.920 --> 06:30.760 +They finally found the line after three + +06:30.760 --> 06:33.360 +days, started by that brass bolt. They + +06:33.360 --> 06:35.500 +looked at 19 square yards along this line. + +06:35.600 --> 06:37.600 +They counted up all the species and they + +06:37.600 --> 06:39.560 +compared what they saw to what another + +06:39.560 --> 06:41.740 +researcher had seen back in the 1930s. And + +06:41.740 --> 06:43.220 +what they discovered was that there was a + +06:43.220 --> 06:45.500 +shift toward warmer water species. And + +06:45.500 --> 06:47.100 +along with a temperature time series that + +06:47.100 --> 06:48.340 +we also maintain at Hopkins, they + +06:48.340 --> 06:50.420 +hypothesized that this might be due to + +06:50.420 --> 06:52.980 +shifting ocean temperatures. And their + +06:52.980 --> 06:57.500 +student paper is in my library. So based + +06:57.500 --> 06:58.980 +on that work, they came back the following + +06:58.980 --> 07:00.620 +summer. They did more work. They + +07:00.620 --> 07:03.660 +identified over 58,000 individuals from + +07:03.660 --> 07:06.620 +105 different invertebrate taxa. And + +07:06.620 --> 07:08.200 +again, they were able to, with this + +07:08.200 --> 07:12.400 +greater body of data, actually show a + +07:12.400 --> 07:14.340 +strong correlation between species shifts + +07:14.340 --> 07:16.360 +and changing ocean temperatures. And their + +07:16.360 --> 07:18.220 +work as undergraduates was published in + +07:18.220 --> 07:23.020 +Science. Not bad. But their work is just + +07:23.020 --> 07:25.280 +one paper in a much larger collection that + +07:25.280 --> 07:27.060 +we have in our library that expands from + +07:27.060 --> 07:30.100 +every year a class was the same class was + +07:30.100 --> 07:33.240 +taught from 1963 to 2011 and these are all + +07:33.240 --> 07:34.800 +of their unbound papers which are now + +07:34.800 --> 07:36.780 +actually here on campus being digitized. + +07:38.580 --> 07:41.020 +But what you'll also find out is that my + +07:41.020 --> 07:42.340 +collection of student papers is not + +07:42.340 --> 07:44.000 +unique. So these are similar collections + +07:44.000 --> 07:45.440 +in Washington up at Friday Harbor, + +07:45.700 --> 07:48.260 +collection starts in the 40s, up at Bodega + +07:48.260 --> 07:49.820 +Marine Labs just north of us here, their + +07:49.820 --> 07:51.900 +collection starts in the 1920s and is on + +07:51.900 --> 07:53.940 +both of these are ongoing. Here's a + +07:53.940 --> 07:55.460 +collection from Banfield Marine Science + +07:55.460 --> 07:59.320 +Center up in Canada, British Columbia. And + +07:59.320 --> 08:00.800 +when I reached out to my colleagues at + +08:00.800 --> 08:02.280 +other marine stations, what I found is + +08:02.280 --> 08:04.060 +there are literally thousands of + +08:04.060 --> 08:05.700 +undergraduate student research papers + +08:05.700 --> 08:08.760 +available for local use in our libraries. + +08:09.380 --> 08:10.900 +So if you're interested in exploring + +08:10.900 --> 08:12.560 +something like climate change for an + +08:12.560 --> 08:15.000 +intertidal species, this body of work is + +08:15.000 --> 08:18.060 +unprecedented in its coverage in space and + +08:18.060 --> 08:21.180 +time. But what does this have to do with + +08:21.180 --> 08:24.640 +FERPA? You're all wondering, Amanda. And + +08:24.640 --> 08:26.740 +so what I discovered when I was working + +08:26.740 --> 08:28.180 +with my colleagues up and down the coast + +08:28.180 --> 08:30.140 +to assess the potential for creating just + +08:30.140 --> 08:32.740 +a federated catalog, let's get all the + +08:32.740 --> 08:34.040 +bibliographies of all these students + +08:34.040 --> 08:35.860 +papers together, put them in one place, so + +08:35.860 --> 08:37.680 +if a researcher wanted to know just what's + +08:37.680 --> 08:39.040 +out there in terms of student research, + +08:39.240 --> 08:41.600 +can I find it? What I discovered is that + +08:41.600 --> 08:43.560 +in at least two cases of those libraries + +08:43.560 --> 08:46.520 +on the last slide, the librarians were + +08:46.520 --> 08:47.840 +limited in their ability to share + +08:47.840 --> 08:49.360 +bibliographies because of the + +08:49.360 --> 08:52.340 +institution's understanding of FERPA. So + +08:52.340 --> 08:53.820 +in the case in front of you here, the + +08:53.820 --> 08:55.700 +librarian was told she had to remove all + +08:55.700 --> 08:57.220 +of the student names, the student author + +08:57.220 --> 08:58.420 +names from the papers from the + +08:58.420 --> 09:00.160 +bibliography. This is our oldest + +09:00.160 --> 09:02.900 +collection, it goes back to 1928, so she + +09:02.900 --> 09:05.140 +had to remove all those names by hand. She + +09:05.140 --> 09:06.980 +was also told she couldn't put these in + +09:06.980 --> 09:09.620 +the library catalog, so what she did is + +09:09.620 --> 09:12.260 +she created a PDF and she shares this on + +09:12.260 --> 09:13.960 +the library webpage. And if you'd like to + +09:13.960 --> 09:16.360 +search it, you can use a control F to + +09:16.360 --> 09:18.860 +search her catalog of student papers. In + +09:18.860 --> 09:20.740 +another case, a librarian was told point + +09:20.740 --> 09:22.460 +blank, you can't put this bibliography + +09:22.460 --> 09:24.080 +online, period. It's an invasion of + +09:24.080 --> 09:27.000 +students' privacy. But you remember what + +09:27.000 --> 09:28.460 +what the US Department of Education said. + +09:28.680 --> 09:30.240 +When a student gives the work to the + +09:30.240 --> 09:32.640 +library, it's tasked with permission to + +09:32.640 --> 09:34.480 +share the work. I'm not talking about + +09:34.480 --> 09:35.820 +copyright, that's a totally separate + +09:35.820 --> 09:38.060 +issue, but it's perfectly acceptable to + +09:38.060 --> 09:39.460 +make the work available through the + +09:39.460 --> 09:42.400 +library. And their name is directory + +09:42.400 --> 09:44.380 +information, that's not protected. So + +09:44.380 --> 09:45.780 +there seems to be a lot of confusion about + +09:45.780 --> 09:48.200 +FERPA that's really limiting our ability + +09:48.200 --> 09:50.680 +as librarians to distribute content and + +09:50.680 --> 09:52.800 +make it discoverable in ways that we think + +09:52.800 --> 09:57.020 +are unacceptable. acceptable. So I hope + +09:57.020 --> 09:59.440 +I've been able to show you that there's + +09:59.440 --> 10:01.300 +potential that lies within student work + +10:01.300 --> 10:04.000 +and the impact that you can have so that + +10:04.000 --> 10:05.940 +you might understand my frustration and my + +10:05.940 --> 10:09.300 +interest in FERPA. As a librarian, I feel + +10:09.300 --> 10:10.980 +a moral obligation to make critical + +10:10.980 --> 10:12.480 +observational research data and + +10:12.480 --> 10:15.100 +information available to researchers to + +10:15.100 --> 10:17.940 +the widest extent possible under the + +10:17.940 --> 10:19.940 +growing threat of climate change, siloed + +10:19.940 --> 10:22.680 +catalogs or worse yet catalogs that you + +10:22.680 --> 10:24.500 +can't even find are completely + +10:24.500 --> 10:27.700 +unacceptable as a status quo and I know I + +10:27.700 --> 10:30.280 +don't need to tell you guys that. So we + +10:30.280 --> 10:32.060 +need new ways to discover and access the + +10:32.060 --> 10:33.880 +research hiding in our collections and in + +10:33.880 --> 10:36.060 +the case of student works this means that + +10:36.060 --> 10:38.100 +we have to understand the limits and the + +10:38.100 --> 10:41.040 +latitudes associated with FERPA and that's + +10:41.040 --> 10:42.220 +why I wanted to share it with you today. + +10:42.380 --> 10:43.000 +Thank you. + +10:48.160 --> 10:48.780 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/bg405cn7261_v2_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/baseline/bg405cn7261_v2_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..16e6f47 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/bg405cn7261_v2_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,815 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:24.420 --> 00:27.020 +Okay, good. Thank you so much, Mark. My + +00:27.020 --> 00:29.580 +name is Amanda Whitmire. I am from the + +00:29.580 --> 00:31.740 +Miller Marine Biology Library here at + +00:31.740 --> 00:33.220 +Stanford Libraries, and I'm going to spend + +00:33.220 --> 00:35.920 +the next 10 minutes talking about student + +00:35.920 --> 00:37.740 +work and FERPA. And I nixed copyright + +00:37.740 --> 00:39.120 +because I only have 10 minutes, and + +00:39.120 --> 00:40.680 +there's a copyright person coming up in a + +00:40.680 --> 00:42.360 +bit later, so we won't worry about that + +00:42.360 --> 00:46.440 +for now. So FERPA is U.S. law, but I'm + +00:46.440 --> 00:48.900 +discussing it through the lens of a + +00:48.900 --> 00:51.520 +librarian at a marine research station + +00:52.020 --> 00:54.400 +with the intent of really just putting it + +00:54.400 --> 00:56.280 +on our collective radar as we move forward + +00:56.280 --> 00:58.220 +talking about archives and access over the + +00:58.220 --> 01:01.160 +next couple days. And just for context, my + +01:01.160 --> 01:03.460 +library is actually located at the Hopkins + +01:03.460 --> 01:05.440 +Marine Station, which is about 90 miles + +01:05.440 --> 01:08.220 +south of here, perched on the southern tip + +01:08.220 --> 01:13.560 +of Monterey Bay. Lucky me. So let's just + +01:13.560 --> 01:16.700 +get right into it. What is FERPA? So FERPA + +01:16.700 --> 01:18.560 +is a federal law that came in response + +01:18.560 --> 01:20.480 +really to a history of inconsistent + +01:20.480 --> 01:23.380 +institutional policies and improper + +01:23.380 --> 01:25.680 +disclosure of student information. So the + +01:25.680 --> 01:27.720 +intent of FERPA really is to protect + +01:27.720 --> 01:30.440 +privacy of both parents and student + +01:30.440 --> 01:31.020 +information. + +01:33.640 --> 01:35.960 +And what FERPA says is that institutions + +01:35.960 --> 01:38.320 +that receive federal funds have to provide + +01:38.320 --> 01:40.160 +parents with access to the educational + +01:40.160 --> 01:42.260 +records of their children, although this + +01:42.260 --> 01:43.820 +right transfers to the student once they + +01:43.820 --> 01:47.300 +turn 18. It prohibits releasing the + +01:47.300 --> 01:50.160 +educational records of students other than + +01:50.160 --> 01:52.580 +directory information without written + +01:52.580 --> 01:56.340 +consent, although consent is not required + +01:56.340 --> 01:58.600 +for release of the education records to + +01:58.600 --> 02:00.720 +certain institutions and organizations, + +02:01.160 --> 02:06.360 +which is slightly confusing, right? So + +02:06.360 --> 02:07.980 +recall that I mentioned that directory + +02:07.980 --> 02:09.420 +information can be released without + +02:09.420 --> 02:11.120 +consent. So what is directory information? + +02:11.120 --> 02:12.920 +It's things that wouldn't be considered a + +02:12.920 --> 02:15.480 +violation of the student's privacy, which + +02:15.480 --> 02:18.100 +surprisingly includes things like place + +02:18.100 --> 02:20.440 +and date of birth, their photograph. If + +02:20.440 --> 02:21.780 +they're on an athletic team, you can + +02:21.780 --> 02:24.260 +release their height and weight. So I'll + +02:24.260 --> 02:26.120 +leave it to you to decide how invasive you + +02:26.120 --> 02:29.540 +think this non-private information really + +02:29.540 --> 02:32.780 +is. And then recall also that consent + +02:32.780 --> 02:34.960 +wasn't required to release certain + +02:34.960 --> 02:38.400 +education records of students. Well, what + +02:38.400 --> 02:41.160 +are those? FERPA defines those as being + +02:41.160 --> 02:44.820 +student works that are directly related to + +02:44.820 --> 02:47.680 +the students process through school and + +02:47.680 --> 02:48.780 +they're maintained by the educational + +02:48.780 --> 02:50.900 +institution and it could be handwritten + +02:50.900 --> 02:53.940 +assignments, digital media, and so on. + +02:54.000 --> 02:57.480 +Lots of different formats. So already this + +02:57.480 --> 02:59.480 +is pretty confusing and as librarians and + +02:59.480 --> 03:00.900 +archivists you're probably wondering well + +03:00.900 --> 03:03.440 +what is the overlap between student work + +03:03.440 --> 03:05.620 +you might have in your collection and + +03:05.620 --> 03:07.420 +FERPA? What is considered an education + +03:07.420 --> 03:09.940 +record and might have to be collected and + +03:09.940 --> 03:11.140 +what is something that we can make + +03:11.140 --> 03:14.400 +available. And so ALA actually asked the + +03:14.400 --> 03:16.000 +US Department of Education this question + +03:16.000 --> 03:18.640 +in 1993 and the Department of Ed clarified + +03:18.640 --> 03:21.800 +saying something like a thesis which a + +03:21.800 --> 03:24.440 +student gives to the library generally for + +03:24.440 --> 03:26.260 +the known purpose of being made available + +03:26.260 --> 03:29.900 +as a research material. The process of the + +03:29.900 --> 03:31.620 +student giving their material to the + +03:31.620 --> 03:33.380 +library provides a form of tacit + +03:33.380 --> 03:35.020 +permission to to make those materials + +03:35.020 --> 03:36.340 +available as research objects. + +03:40.300 --> 03:42.460 +So as we've seen, the regulations + +03:42.460 --> 03:44.460 +concerning student work or educational + +03:44.460 --> 03:48.880 +records can be confusing, but FERPA is + +03:48.880 --> 03:50.520 +important, and our understanding of FERPA + +03:50.520 --> 03:52.020 +is important because I think students + +03:52.020 --> 03:54.560 +produce really important research that's + +03:54.560 --> 03:55.840 +critical to our understanding of the + +03:55.840 --> 03:58.060 +world. And to the extent possible, I wanna + +03:58.060 --> 03:59.940 +be able to make those research materials + +03:59.940 --> 04:03.140 +available. And so for the next few + +04:03.140 --> 04:04.260 +minutes, I'm going to give you an example + +04:04.260 --> 04:05.500 +of something that I've been navigating + +04:05.500 --> 04:07.860 +through my work recently to give you some + +04:07.860 --> 04:10.320 +context on my thoughts on this issue. And + +04:10.320 --> 04:11.960 +it's going to seem like a little bit of a + +04:11.960 --> 04:13.700 +tangent at first, but stick with me. It's + +04:13.700 --> 04:16.940 +all going to come back together. So has + +04:16.940 --> 04:19.260 +anyone in this room ever used the Merlin + +04:19.260 --> 04:21.700 +Bird ID app or iNaturalist to identify + +04:21.700 --> 04:25.340 +something? Yes. My people. You're my + +04:25.340 --> 04:27.640 +people. Perfect. So when you take a + +04:27.640 --> 04:29.120 +picture of something and you upload it + +04:29.120 --> 04:30.920 +into Merlin or to iNaturalist, what you're + +04:30.920 --> 04:32.500 +doing is you're collecting three pieces of + +04:32.500 --> 04:35.520 +information. I saw this thing in this + +04:35.520 --> 04:38.100 +place at this time. And those three pieces + +04:38.100 --> 04:39.640 +of information together are called a + +04:39.640 --> 04:40.220 +species occurrence. + +04:43.780 --> 04:46.180 +And there's a place called GBIF, the + +04:46.180 --> 04:47.880 +Global Biodiversity Information Facility, + +04:47.880 --> 04:49.800 +that gathers species occurrence records + +04:49.800 --> 04:52.400 +from iNaturalist, from eBird, from + +04:52.400 --> 04:54.340 +academic research that's happening all + +04:54.340 --> 04:56.080 +over the world. And as it stands, they + +04:56.080 --> 05:00.300 +have almost 1.4 billion records of, I saw + +05:00.300 --> 05:03.420 +this thing in this place at this time. And + +05:03.420 --> 05:05.140 +why is that important? Well, if you're + +05:05.140 --> 05:06.760 +interested in understanding things like + +05:06.760 --> 05:08.620 +how climate change might be shifting the + +05:08.620 --> 05:10.220 +distribution of animals and plants on the + +05:10.220 --> 05:12.240 +planet, you have to understand not only + +05:12.240 --> 05:14.140 +where they are now, but where they were + +05:14.140 --> 05:16.840 +before. And that is the power of 1.4 + +05:16.840 --> 05:21.440 +billion observations in GBIF. So as one + +05:21.440 --> 05:22.860 +example, say you're interested in knowing + +05:22.860 --> 05:25.700 +where this very common marine anemone can + +05:25.700 --> 05:28.040 +be found in the world, Anthoplaura, and + +05:28.040 --> 05:29.840 +you go to GBIF and you take a look and see + +05:29.840 --> 05:31.400 +what they have, you'll see that there's + +05:31.400 --> 05:33.660 +almost 2,500 species occurrence records, + +05:33.820 --> 05:37.300 +which sounds like a lot of data. But if + +05:37.300 --> 05:39.620 +you take one step deeper into the data, + +05:39.700 --> 05:41.300 +what you find is that the large majority + +05:41.300 --> 05:43.520 +of our records of this organism, and in + +05:43.520 --> 05:45.780 +fact the majority of all of the records in + +05:45.780 --> 05:48.040 +GBIF, are very recent. And if you're + +05:48.040 --> 05:49.700 +interested in looking at things on the + +05:49.700 --> 05:51.240 +scale of climate change, you need to be + +05:51.240 --> 05:53.800 +able to look much further back in time. So + +05:53.800 --> 05:56.460 +how do we fill this observational gap? And + +05:56.460 --> 05:57.660 +that's where I think long-standing + +05:57.660 --> 05:59.680 +educational institutions like Stanford and + +05:59.680 --> 06:01.520 +others really are poised to make a + +06:01.520 --> 06:04.020 +significant contribution. And one area + +06:04.020 --> 06:06.280 +where I think we can make a contribution + +06:06.280 --> 06:08.000 +locally is through the undergraduate work + +06:08.000 --> 06:09.720 +of our students. So in particular I just + +06:09.720 --> 06:11.540 +want to give this one example of two + +06:11.540 --> 06:13.220 +students, Sarah Gilman and Rafe Stagrin. + +06:13.340 --> 06:15.740 +They came to Hopkins in the summer of 1993 + +06:15.740 --> 06:18.820 +and what they chose to do for their + +06:18.820 --> 06:20.740 +research project was to resample a + +06:20.740 --> 06:23.420 +transect that was first sampled in 1931 to + +06:23.420 --> 06:26.340 +1933. So there's an an intertidal line + +06:26.340 --> 06:28.660 +that goes from the shore out 105 yards. + +06:28.920 --> 06:30.760 +They finally found the line after three + +06:30.760 --> 06:33.360 +days, started by that brass bolt. They + +06:33.360 --> 06:35.500 +looked at 19 square yards along this line. + +06:35.600 --> 06:37.600 +They counted up all the species and they + +06:37.600 --> 06:39.560 +compared what they saw to what another + +06:39.560 --> 06:41.740 +researcher had seen back in the 1930s. And + +06:41.740 --> 06:43.220 +what they discovered was that there was a + +06:43.220 --> 06:45.500 +shift toward warmer water species. And + +06:45.500 --> 06:47.100 +along with a temperature time series that + +06:47.100 --> 06:48.340 +we also maintain at Hopkins, they + +06:48.340 --> 06:50.420 +hypothesized that this might be due to + +06:50.420 --> 06:52.980 +shifting ocean temperatures. And their + +06:52.980 --> 06:57.500 +student paper is in my library. So based + +06:57.500 --> 06:58.980 +on that work, they came back the following + +06:58.980 --> 07:00.620 +summer. They did more work. They + +07:00.620 --> 07:03.660 +identified over 58,000 individuals from + +07:03.660 --> 07:06.620 +105 different invertebrate taxa. And + +07:06.620 --> 07:08.200 +again, they were able to, with this + +07:08.200 --> 07:12.400 +greater body of data, actually show a + +07:12.400 --> 07:14.340 +strong correlation between species shifts + +07:14.340 --> 07:16.360 +and changing ocean temperatures. And their + +07:16.360 --> 07:18.220 +work as undergraduates was published in + +07:18.220 --> 07:23.020 +Science. Not bad. But their work is just + +07:23.020 --> 07:25.280 +one paper in a much larger collection that + +07:25.280 --> 07:27.060 +we have in our library that expands from + +07:27.060 --> 07:30.100 +every year a class was the same class was + +07:30.100 --> 07:33.240 +taught from 1963 to 2011 and these are all + +07:33.240 --> 07:34.800 +of their unbound papers which are now + +07:34.800 --> 07:36.780 +actually here on campus being digitized. + +07:38.580 --> 07:41.020 +But what you'll also find out is that my + +07:41.020 --> 07:42.340 +collection of student papers is not + +07:42.340 --> 07:44.000 +unique. So these are similar collections + +07:44.000 --> 07:45.440 +in Washington up at Friday Harbor, + +07:45.700 --> 07:48.260 +collection starts in the 40s, up at Bodega + +07:48.260 --> 07:49.820 +Marine Labs just north of us here, their + +07:49.820 --> 07:51.900 +collection starts in the 1920s and is on + +07:51.900 --> 07:53.940 +both of these are ongoing. Here's a + +07:53.940 --> 07:55.460 +collection from Banfield Marine Science + +07:55.460 --> 07:59.320 +Center up in Canada, British Columbia. And + +07:59.320 --> 08:00.800 +when I reached out to my colleagues at + +08:00.800 --> 08:02.280 +other marine stations, what I found is + +08:02.280 --> 08:04.060 +there are literally thousands of + +08:04.060 --> 08:05.700 +undergraduate student research papers + +08:05.700 --> 08:08.760 +available for local use in our libraries. + +08:09.380 --> 08:10.900 +So if you're interested in exploring + +08:10.900 --> 08:12.560 +something like climate change for an + +08:12.560 --> 08:15.000 +intertidal species, this body of work is + +08:15.000 --> 08:18.060 +unprecedented in its coverage in space and + +08:18.060 --> 08:21.180 +time. But what does this have to do with + +08:21.180 --> 08:24.640 +FERPA? You're all wondering, Amanda. And + +08:24.640 --> 08:26.740 +so what I discovered when I was working + +08:26.740 --> 08:28.180 +with my colleagues up and down the coast + +08:28.180 --> 08:30.140 +to assess the potential for creating just + +08:30.140 --> 08:32.740 +a federated catalog, let's get all the + +08:32.740 --> 08:34.040 +bibliographies of all these students + +08:34.040 --> 08:35.860 +papers together, put them in one place, so + +08:35.860 --> 08:37.680 +if a researcher wanted to know just what's + +08:37.680 --> 08:39.040 +out there in terms of student research, + +08:39.240 --> 08:41.600 +can I find it? What I discovered is that + +08:41.600 --> 08:43.560 +in at least two cases of those libraries + +08:43.560 --> 08:46.520 +on the last slide, the librarians were + +08:46.520 --> 08:47.840 +limited in their ability to share + +08:47.840 --> 08:49.360 +bibliographies because of the + +08:49.360 --> 08:52.340 +institution's understanding of FERPA. So + +08:52.340 --> 08:53.820 +in the case in front of you here, the + +08:53.820 --> 08:55.700 +librarian was told she had to remove all + +08:55.700 --> 08:57.220 +of the student names, the student author + +08:57.220 --> 08:58.420 +names from the papers from the + +08:58.420 --> 09:00.160 +bibliography. This is our oldest + +09:00.160 --> 09:02.900 +collection, it goes back to 1928, so she + +09:02.900 --> 09:05.140 +had to remove all those names by hand. She + +09:05.140 --> 09:06.980 +was also told she couldn't put these in + +09:06.980 --> 09:09.620 +the library catalog, so what she did is + +09:09.620 --> 09:12.260 +she created a PDF and she shares this on + +09:12.260 --> 09:13.960 +the library webpage. And if you'd like to + +09:13.960 --> 09:16.360 +search it, you can use a control F to + +09:16.360 --> 09:18.860 +search her catalog of student papers. In + +09:18.860 --> 09:20.740 +another case, a librarian was told point + +09:20.740 --> 09:22.460 +blank, you can't put this bibliography + +09:22.460 --> 09:24.080 +online, period. It's an invasion of + +09:24.080 --> 09:27.000 +students' privacy. But you remember what + +09:27.000 --> 09:28.460 +what the US Department of Education said. + +09:28.680 --> 09:30.240 +When a student gives the work to the + +09:30.240 --> 09:32.640 +library, it's tasked with permission to + +09:32.640 --> 09:34.480 +share the work. I'm not talking about + +09:34.480 --> 09:35.820 +copyright, that's a totally separate + +09:35.820 --> 09:38.060 +issue, but it's perfectly acceptable to + +09:38.060 --> 09:39.460 +make the work available through the + +09:39.460 --> 09:42.400 +library. And their name is directory + +09:42.400 --> 09:44.380 +information, that's not protected. So + +09:44.380 --> 09:45.780 +there seems to be a lot of confusion about + +09:45.780 --> 09:48.200 +FERPA that's really limiting our ability + +09:48.200 --> 09:50.680 +as librarians to distribute content and + +09:50.680 --> 09:52.800 +make it discoverable in ways that we think + +09:52.800 --> 09:57.020 +are unacceptable. acceptable. So I hope + +09:57.020 --> 09:59.440 +I've been able to show you that there's + +09:59.440 --> 10:01.300 +potential that lies within student work + +10:01.300 --> 10:04.000 +and the impact that you can have so that + +10:04.000 --> 10:05.940 +you might understand my frustration and my + +10:05.940 --> 10:09.300 +interest in FERPA. As a librarian, I feel + +10:09.300 --> 10:10.980 +a moral obligation to make critical + +10:10.980 --> 10:12.480 +observational research data and + +10:12.480 --> 10:15.100 +information available to researchers to + +10:15.100 --> 10:17.940 +the widest extent possible under the + +10:17.940 --> 10:19.940 +growing threat of climate change, siloed + +10:19.940 --> 10:22.680 +catalogs or worse yet catalogs that you + +10:22.680 --> 10:24.500 +can't even find are completely + +10:24.500 --> 10:27.700 +unacceptable as a status quo and I know I + +10:27.700 --> 10:30.280 +don't need to tell you guys that. So we + +10:30.280 --> 10:32.060 +need new ways to discover and access the + +10:32.060 --> 10:33.880 +research hiding in our collections and in + +10:33.880 --> 10:36.060 +the case of student works this means that + +10:36.060 --> 10:38.100 +we have to understand the limits and the + +10:38.100 --> 10:41.040 +latitudes associated with FERPA and that's + +10:41.040 --> 10:42.220 +why I wanted to share it with you today. + +10:42.380 --> 10:43.000 +Thank you. + +10:48.160 --> 10:48.780 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/bg821nn2750_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/bg821nn2750_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bd4515e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/bg821nn2750_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1688 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:17.660 --> 00:19.640 +We've done a fantastic job. Well, thank + +00:19.640 --> 00:22.100 +you. It's just gorgeous. Oh, maybe I'll + +00:22.100 --> 00:24.820 +look over here and here's another. Yes, + +00:24.920 --> 00:26.900 +exactly. That's the same kind. That's an + +00:26.900 --> 00:28.500 +agave. We thought they were Agave + +00:28.500 --> 00:30.400 +americana, but I had an olive expert out + +00:30.400 --> 00:31.720 +here looking, and he thinks they're Agave + +00:31.720 --> 00:34.960 +farrox. And what is the one that was + +00:34.960 --> 00:38.140 +completely, it's being so carefully held + +00:38.140 --> 00:41.900 +up? That's my very favorite plant. It's + +00:41.900 --> 00:43.420 +this one right here, the one that looks + +00:43.420 --> 00:45.800 +kind of like an upside-down carrot. That's + +00:45.800 --> 00:47.620 +called a boujum tree. It's named after the + +00:47.620 --> 00:51.620 +Lewis Carroll poem. Tell me the poem. The + +00:51.620 --> 00:53.560 +Hunting of the Snark. I don't know. The + +00:53.560 --> 00:56.040 +boujum. The boujum. Is in there. Okay. So + +00:56.040 --> 00:57.920 +that's what it's named after. We moved + +00:57.920 --> 01:00.020 +that here. Remember I was showing you + +01:00.020 --> 01:01.700 +which ones were original? That's one of + +01:01.700 --> 01:03.360 +the larger ones we moved. And we actually + +01:03.360 --> 01:05.320 +got A to Z tree movers in Mountain View to + +01:05.320 --> 01:06.560 +donate their time, and they went all the + +01:06.560 --> 01:08.520 +way down to Greenfield, which is south of + +01:08.520 --> 01:12.080 +Salinas, with a crane. So that's not the + +01:12.080 --> 01:15.300 +one, but you knew one was there. There was + +01:15.300 --> 01:18.260 +someone who was selling his house who had + +01:18.260 --> 01:20.620 +landscaped his entire property in plants + +01:20.620 --> 01:22.860 +like this, and it was a condition of + +01:22.860 --> 01:24.040 +escrow that he get rid of them. + +01:27.220 --> 01:30.260 +That's the normal way it looks? It's quite + +01:30.260 --> 01:33.400 +lush. They grow on cliffs in Baja, so + +01:33.400 --> 01:35.220 +usually they look more scraggly and less + +01:35.220 --> 01:36.940 +branchy. This is a very, very happy + +01:36.940 --> 01:39.940 +specimen of one. They bloom. They bloom in + +01:39.940 --> 01:40.920 +the summer. They put out little yellow + +01:40.920 --> 01:42.580 +flowers at the top. You can sort of see + +01:42.580 --> 01:44.540 +the remains of the flower stalks. And + +01:44.540 --> 01:46.460 +since they're Baja native, you know, + +01:46.480 --> 01:48.180 +they're used to very little water, and + +01:48.180 --> 01:50.480 +they don't take the combination of cold + +01:50.480 --> 01:51.740 +and wet. This is one of our really + +01:51.740 --> 01:56.100 +borderline plants. So we dug a couple feet + +01:56.100 --> 01:58.020 +down underneath it, amended it with drain + +01:58.020 --> 01:59.540 +gravel, and then planted it in a raised + +01:59.540 --> 02:01.740 +bed and built the retaining wall around + +02:01.740 --> 02:04.580 +it. And we're just hoping that we can keep + +02:04.580 --> 02:06.760 +it going. And if we get, you know, if this + +02:06.760 --> 02:08.100 +does turn out to be a really cold wet + +02:08.100 --> 02:10.660 +winter, that's one of the ones. There's a + +02:10.660 --> 02:13.220 +couple of quite spectacular plants that we + +02:13.220 --> 02:15.300 +took that were borderline just because + +02:15.300 --> 02:16.440 +they would have been bulldozed and gone. + +02:16.900 --> 02:19.080 +So in choosing these these plants, just so + +02:19.080 --> 02:22.340 +I can get it clear in my mind. You had the + +02:22.340 --> 02:24.440 +plan, and so you know the kind of plants + +02:24.440 --> 02:26.180 +that were here, but you did not try to go + +02:26.180 --> 02:29.620 +and exactly replace every plant that you + +02:29.620 --> 02:30.380 +saw. Right, that's an excellent question, + +02:30.720 --> 02:33.840 +because if you looked at what was here in + +02:33.840 --> 02:35.880 +the mid-1990s, like I said, there were + +02:35.880 --> 02:37.440 +like five different kinds and like five + +02:37.440 --> 02:38.600 +million of each of those. Originally, + +02:38.640 --> 02:40.160 +there were hundreds of different kinds of + +02:40.160 --> 02:41.940 +plants and they didn't survive. Now, the + +02:41.940 --> 02:43.340 +garden had been really neglected since + +02:43.340 --> 02:45.460 +probably around World War II, too. But + +02:45.460 --> 02:47.860 +even so, you know, it just, it was + +02:47.860 --> 02:49.020 +designed as a high maintenance Victorian + +02:49.020 --> 02:51.720 +garden. And that was not sort of what it + +02:51.720 --> 02:53.580 +can be now. And there's not the funds to + +02:53.580 --> 02:55.800 +go out and buy plants. So we take what + +02:55.800 --> 02:57.080 +we're given, or we took what we're given + +02:57.080 --> 02:58.380 +for the most part, because we're kind of + +02:58.380 --> 03:03.440 +full up now. But what they did, before I + +03:03.440 --> 03:05.180 +came on, they hired a landscape architect + +03:05.180 --> 03:07.600 +named Nancy Hardesty. Okay. And she came + +03:07.600 --> 03:10.340 +up with a plan, what she called this ABCD + +03:10.340 --> 03:12.440 +plan. And it's, So what we do is we + +03:12.440 --> 03:15.420 +classify plants by type and A plants are + +03:15.420 --> 03:18.400 +tall focal point plants and each bed gets + +03:18.400 --> 03:19.920 +one or two of those kind of depending on + +03:19.920 --> 03:21.940 +the size. So that boujum tree is an A + +03:21.940 --> 03:25.120 +plant and the palm tree is an A plant. And + +03:25.120 --> 03:26.840 +then there's B plants which are + +03:27.440 --> 03:30.000 +substantial plants and large but more + +03:30.000 --> 03:32.460 +broad. So like when these prickly pear and + +03:32.460 --> 03:34.300 +the cholla grow up those will be B plants. + +03:35.080 --> 03:38.220 +And then C plants are are big, you know, + +03:38.240 --> 03:40.320 +sort of normal-sized plants, like, you + +03:40.320 --> 03:41.780 +know, kind of that one person can move + +03:41.780 --> 03:43.400 +around, and that those will, these would + +03:43.400 --> 03:45.460 +be C plants, and then D plants are ground + +03:45.460 --> 03:48.320 +cover. And so what every bed is supposed + +03:48.320 --> 03:50.260 +to have is this pyramidal planting scheme + +03:50.740 --> 03:52.960 +with an A plant in the middle, B plants + +03:52.960 --> 03:55.200 +around it, C plants at the edges, and then + +03:55.200 --> 03:56.940 +D plants doing ground cover in between. + +03:57.380 --> 04:00.380 +And that's not entirely similar to what + +04:00.380 --> 04:02.680 +was there. They had hundreds of saguaros + +04:02.680 --> 04:04.300 +in this original garden. If you look, you + +04:04.300 --> 04:06.060 +can see just in here all of these. I see. + +04:06.060 --> 04:07.460 +And there's no, I mean, those are + +04:07.460 --> 04:08.980 +protected species. There's no way we could + +04:08.980 --> 04:10.400 +get hundreds of saguaros, and they didn't + +04:10.400 --> 04:13.000 +survive. So this is the way that we can + +04:13.000 --> 04:14.940 +get sort of a formal look with a diversity + +04:14.940 --> 04:16.980 +of plant material to have that sort of + +04:16.980 --> 04:18.580 +scheme that all the beds have a sort of + +04:18.580 --> 04:22.760 +uniformity. So, and then in addition to + +04:22.760 --> 04:26.740 +that, they're trying to put some botanical + +04:26.740 --> 04:29.660 +usefulness into the garden. So we have a + +04:29.660 --> 04:31.460 +division into eastern and western + +04:31.460 --> 04:34.060 +hemispheres. So all plants native to the + +04:34.060 --> 04:35.480 +western hemisphere, so the Americas + +04:35.480 --> 04:37.160 +basically, are on this half of the garden, + +04:37.260 --> 04:39.540 +and all plants native to Asia and Africa + +04:39.540 --> 04:41.520 +and Europe are on that side of the garden. + +04:42.300 --> 04:44.240 +Although we did not move any original + +04:44.240 --> 04:46.060 +plants that were there. So Joshua plants + +04:46.060 --> 04:47.660 +are native, Joshua trees and yuccas and + +04:47.660 --> 04:48.580 +things like that are native to the + +04:48.580 --> 04:50.040 +southwest, so there are yucca trees down + +04:50.040 --> 04:52.000 +there, and that big prickly pear is an + +04:52.000 --> 04:54.380 +original, so it didn't get moved. But of + +04:54.380 --> 04:55.900 +all the new plants that we've put in, so + +04:55.900 --> 04:57.220 +all the aloes are at that end of the + +04:57.220 --> 05:00.880 +garden. Oh yeah, that's what's blooming + +05:00.880 --> 05:03.740 +now, they're looking beautiful. This looks + +05:03.740 --> 05:06.800 +unique. That's the jumping… Are the + +05:06.800 --> 05:08.820 +barrels or the jumping cholla? No. And + +05:08.820 --> 05:12.420 +this one? The one staked up right here? + +05:12.480 --> 05:13.700 +Yeah. Yeah, that's a jumping cholla. + +05:13.780 --> 05:16.060 +That's original. I mean, this particular + +05:16.060 --> 05:18.400 +plant was originally in the garden. This + +05:18.400 --> 05:20.940 +one is not a descendant of what was here. + +05:21.000 --> 05:22.420 +The one on the other end, though, is just + +05:22.420 --> 05:23.860 +a cutting that we took of a plant that had + +05:23.860 --> 05:26.840 +survived. Do you have any sagurus here? + +05:26.960 --> 05:29.520 +Yes, we do. Unfortunately, they are under + +05:29.520 --> 05:32.080 +wraps. Under Rats, yeah. There was a + +05:32.080 --> 05:34.160 +wonderful person who lived on one of those + +05:34.160 --> 05:37.280 +hills in Cupertino, a big estate, and they + +05:37.280 --> 05:38.700 +were selling it and moving to the city to + +05:38.700 --> 05:40.480 +be closer to their children. The new + +05:40.480 --> 05:41.900 +owners didn't want the saguaros. They + +05:41.900 --> 05:43.780 +wanted a basketball court. So now how do + +05:43.780 --> 05:45.920 +you find these places? They find me. It's + +05:45.920 --> 05:48.600 +amazing. Yeah. So what would you like that + +05:48.600 --> 05:50.140 +you don't have that you would love for + +05:50.140 --> 05:52.320 +someone to call and say? I would love more + +05:52.320 --> 05:54.440 +saguaros. I would love ground cover at + +05:54.440 --> 05:57.040 +this point. It's kind of hard to say right + +05:57.040 --> 05:58.480 +now it depends a lot on the winter. + +05:59.100 --> 06:02.160 +There's things if we lose I would + +06:02.160 --> 06:04.260 +definitely like to replace. I do have a + +06:04.260 --> 06:05.620 +plant list and they're trying to get it up + +06:05.620 --> 06:08.040 +on the grounds department website of what + +06:08.040 --> 06:10.580 +we could use. So people just call the + +06:10.580 --> 06:13.480 +university and say I have this cactus? + +06:14.180 --> 06:15.860 +Yeah, or people find me. Actually a lot of + +06:15.860 --> 06:17.160 +our volunteers, the San Francisco + +06:17.160 --> 06:18.960 +Succulent and Cactus Society was mentioned + +06:18.960 --> 06:21.820 +in the article and they committed to this + +06:21.820 --> 06:24.060 +volunteer project to Herb Fong like long + +06:24.060 --> 06:25.700 +before I was hired, long before any of + +06:25.700 --> 06:26.620 +this started because because they didn't + +06:26.620 --> 06:28.580 +want to start the project and then not + +06:28.580 --> 06:30.020 +have any volunteers and have it kind of + +06:30.020 --> 06:33.980 +flail. So that's a huge network right + +06:33.980 --> 06:36.240 +there. So a lot of people who don't know + +06:36.240 --> 06:38.700 +anything about the garden, but they have a + +06:38.700 --> 06:40.360 +yard full of plants, they have small + +06:40.360 --> 06:43.500 +trees. They don't want to kill the plants, + +06:43.540 --> 06:44.520 +but they don't want to have the plants + +06:44.520 --> 06:45.800 +anymore, so they call the succulent + +06:45.800 --> 06:48.020 +societies, and all the succulent societies + +06:48.020 --> 06:50.300 +pretty much know me now. Well, you have an + +06:50.300 --> 06:52.420 +article in the State of Greenland. I + +06:52.420 --> 06:54.680 +talked to Kevin Koltz on my mom's here + +06:54.680 --> 06:56.500 +list. If you'd like to lobby Kevin Koltz + +06:56.500 --> 06:57.960 +and put an article in, that would be + +06:57.960 --> 07:00.840 +great. I think anybody who has a standard + +07:00.840 --> 07:04.620 +connection would love it. What I really + +07:04.620 --> 07:06.620 +want, actually what I would really like, + +07:06.620 --> 07:08.000 +there are definitely plans I would like + +07:08.000 --> 07:09.420 +people out of the blue to give me, but + +07:09.420 --> 07:10.800 +what I would really like is people to give + +07:10.800 --> 07:12.340 +me pictures of the garden from the middle + +07:12.340 --> 07:14.960 +of this century on. Because I have, + +07:15.080 --> 07:16.460 +like... I think it's that they don't have + +07:16.460 --> 07:18.060 +a lot of art in it, because they have many + +07:18.060 --> 07:19.340 +other, you know, the rest of it. I mean, + +07:19.400 --> 07:22.640 +even if they just put a note about having + +07:22.640 --> 07:25.540 +a baby. So if you do know people, feel + +07:25.540 --> 07:28.720 +free to drop it. Darn. Feel free to drop + +07:28.720 --> 07:31.020 +it. Just give them the evidence that you + +07:31.020 --> 07:36.420 +know. Yeah. Yeah. Well, my other problem + +07:36.420 --> 07:38.400 +is, I went to her farm, my Boston grounds, + +07:38.580 --> 07:40.740 +and I'm like, you know, okay, I can work + +07:40.740 --> 07:43.260 +tonight. I can get people to do all that. + +07:43.360 --> 07:45.400 +But I'm trying to think about cacti. I + +07:45.400 --> 07:47.660 +know like California native plants, like + +07:47.660 --> 07:49.860 +heirloom vegetables. I was like, that's + +07:49.860 --> 07:53.580 +okay. It's okay. Very quickly, very, very, + +07:53.600 --> 07:54.200 +very quickly. + +07:57.800 --> 07:59.260 +Thank you for coming! + +08:05.340 --> 08:07.100 +Well, it's really our volunteers. + +08:40.900 --> 08:42.580 +Thanks for coming by. Bye. + +08:47.080 --> 08:48.700 +I was going to do an interview, but you + +08:48.700 --> 08:50.360 +told me everything I needed to know. Oh, + +08:50.400 --> 08:52.000 +come on. Surely you can think of something + +08:52.000 --> 08:55.860 +else to ask. People find you. Don't look. + +08:55.920 --> 08:58.500 +Yeah. Look over here. Look at the plant. + +08:58.640 --> 09:03.220 +Yeah. This is truly a work of love on your + +09:03.220 --> 09:06.140 +part, right? Absolutely. I mean, this + +09:06.140 --> 09:08.680 +garden is a very special place. And all of + +09:08.680 --> 09:10.120 +the volunteers who put so much of their + +09:10.120 --> 09:12.520 +effort into it, I mean, it's just a + +09:12.520 --> 09:16.340 +wonderful, wonderful effort. And how much + +09:16.340 --> 09:18.260 +time a week do you put into this place? + +09:18.460 --> 09:20.120 +I'm employed in the Grants Department 20 + +09:20.120 --> 09:22.160 +hours a week, so, you know, occasionally + +09:22.160 --> 09:24.060 +there's a few extra hours here and there. + +09:24.200 --> 09:25.440 +But pretty much it's a half-time + +09:25.440 --> 09:27.180 +commitment, and then I have my other half + +09:27.180 --> 09:29.240 +-time job in archives. So I have more than + +09:29.240 --> 09:30.840 +enough to keep me busy. Okay, what makes + +09:30.840 --> 09:33.120 +this place so special? Well, there's not + +09:33.120 --> 09:35.440 +very many 19th century gardens left on the + +09:35.440 --> 09:37.960 +peninsula to begin with. And then this + +09:37.960 --> 09:40.160 +garden itself is one of the earliest + +09:40.160 --> 09:43.180 +experiments with growing these kind of + +09:43.180 --> 09:45.300 +plants, cacti and succulents outdoors not + +09:45.300 --> 09:47.840 +under glass that was one of the great + +09:47.840 --> 09:49.840 +innovations that the landscape architect + +09:49.840 --> 09:51.400 +who designed this garden Rudolph Ulrich + +09:51.400 --> 09:55.100 +made so in a certain way you can think of + +09:55.100 --> 09:57.180 +it as like the very very earliest + +09:57.180 --> 09:58.840 +beginnings of xerophytic gardening in + +09:58.840 --> 10:00.460 +California that you know now we have all + +10:00.460 --> 10:02.040 +these drought tolerant gardens and this is + +10:02.040 --> 10:04.540 +one of the places it all started. Wow. + +10:05.040 --> 10:08.260 +Pretty cool. It is pretty cool and these + +10:08.260 --> 10:10.020 +plants do they have Do they have + +10:10.020 --> 10:13.360 +personalities for you? Not so much for me, + +10:13.400 --> 10:15.220 +except the prickly pears always seem to be + +10:15.220 --> 10:16.500 +trying to jump me and get a couple of + +10:16.500 --> 10:18.680 +spines in me. But I know a lot of my + +10:18.680 --> 10:20.880 +volunteers have particular affinities with + +10:20.880 --> 10:22.260 +particular kinds of plants, and they're + +10:22.260 --> 10:24.320 +always, oh yes, she's happy today, oh he + +10:24.320 --> 10:26.800 +doesn't look too good. So I think they do + +10:26.800 --> 10:29.560 +have personalities. You were talking a + +10:29.560 --> 10:33.200 +little bit before about the levels, + +10:33.340 --> 10:35.460 +there's four levels. Tell me a little bit + +10:35.460 --> 10:38.120 +about that. Okay, Nancy Hardesty, the + +10:38.120 --> 10:39.640 +landscape architect who helped come up + +10:39.640 --> 10:41.680 +with this restoration schema, it's a way + +10:41.680 --> 10:44.660 +that we can use donated plants and take + +10:44.660 --> 10:46.940 +what plant materials are given to us and + +10:46.940 --> 10:48.540 +yet maintain some sort of visual + +10:48.540 --> 10:52.080 +uniformity and Victorian formalism in the + +10:52.080 --> 10:53.420 +garden. This was originally a formal + +10:53.420 --> 10:55.920 +garden. It's not, you know, a naturalistic + +10:55.920 --> 10:57.800 +run wild kind of garden, so there's a lot + +10:57.800 --> 11:01.180 +of symmetry, a lot of balance. So what she + +11:01.180 --> 11:03.600 +did was create four general categories of + +11:03.600 --> 11:05.380 +plants. There's A-type plants, which are + +11:05.380 --> 11:07.980 +really tall, big, massive plants when + +11:07.980 --> 11:10.200 +they're mature. They're the focal point of + +11:10.200 --> 11:12.140 +every bed, and there's 50-some-odd beds in + +11:12.140 --> 11:13.800 +the garden. So every bed, depending on + +11:13.800 --> 11:15.880 +size, should have one or two plants. And + +11:15.880 --> 11:17.420 +an example of that would be this palm tree + +11:17.420 --> 11:19.560 +or this Yucca Follifera here. They're just + +11:19.560 --> 11:22.480 +commanding plants. And then there's B-type + +11:22.480 --> 11:24.660 +plants, which are also large plants, but + +11:24.660 --> 11:27.000 +they're bulkier and not as tall. So those + +11:27.000 --> 11:28.700 +would ring the outside of the A-type + +11:28.700 --> 11:30.260 +plants. And then there's C-type plants, + +11:30.420 --> 11:31.780 +which are, you know, a couple feet in + +11:31.780 --> 11:34.000 +diameter maximum. maximum. Those go + +11:34.000 --> 11:36.520 +outside the bee plants. And then D-type + +11:36.520 --> 11:38.120 +plants are ground cover and those go + +11:38.120 --> 11:40.000 +around the edges of all the beds. So that + +11:40.000 --> 11:41.620 +allows us to have a pyramidal planting + +11:42.040 --> 11:44.220 +plan for every bed, but it doesn't + +11:44.220 --> 11:45.560 +constrain us with the type of plants + +11:45.560 --> 11:47.120 +because we are so dependent on donated + +11:47.120 --> 11:49.860 +plants. So it's worked really well. Tell + +11:49.860 --> 11:51.840 +me your name and spell it so I don't waltz + +11:51.840 --> 11:54.460 +it up. It's Christy. It's Christy Smith, C + +11:54.460 --> 11:57.340 +-H-R-I-S-T-Y, and the last name is Smith, + +11:57.460 --> 12:00.980 +S-M-I-T-H. And give me a title. volunteer + +12:00.980 --> 12:02.720 +coordinator Stanford Arizona Garden + +12:02.720 --> 12:06.540 +Project great now the palm trees in a + +12:06.540 --> 12:11.640 +plant right okay that's an a plant okay + +12:11.640 --> 12:17.640 +give me a B plant oh and these are sea + +12:17.640 --> 12:21.980 +plants oh good I love them oh they're + +12:21.980 --> 12:24.620 +beautiful and where's the D plant + +12:30.640 --> 12:32.180 +Professor Dudley who was a botanist here + +12:32.180 --> 12:34.880 +in the 20s and 20s. Really? Yep. So I'm + +12:34.880 --> 12:35.860 +working on a little Dudley Memorial + +12:35.860 --> 12:38.500 +Garden. Now what I'd like to do... Do you + +12:38.500 --> 12:40.600 +want to see the agave? Yeah, I don't want + +12:40.600 --> 12:41.800 +to... The aloe polyphyllo, that's the one + +12:41.800 --> 12:43.180 +you probably want to still. Yeah, that's + +12:43.180 --> 12:44.480 +the hot one. And you're going to have to + +12:44.480 --> 12:45.860 +climb in the plants to see it. That's + +12:45.860 --> 12:48.240 +right. I'm going to let you walk ahead of + +12:48.240 --> 12:49.800 +me. Alright, I'll put the doggy here. + +12:49.920 --> 12:52.780 +That's okay. Sit. Sit. Stay. + +12:58.280 --> 13:00.420 +And just talk to me about this. Alright, + +13:00.540 --> 13:02.600 +this is an aloe polyphylla. It's called a + +13:02.600 --> 13:04.320 +spiral aloe. They've only come into + +13:04.320 --> 13:06.840 +cultivation recently. As you can see, it's + +13:06.840 --> 13:10.920 +very geometric. And this one spirals to + +13:10.920 --> 13:12.760 +the right and they come spiraling both + +13:12.760 --> 13:14.160 +ways. There's one that spiraled to the + +13:14.160 --> 13:16.700 +left as well. And I would dearly love to + +13:16.700 --> 13:18.060 +get another one that spirals the other way + +13:18.060 --> 13:20.900 +for the garden. Tell me a little bit about + +13:20.900 --> 13:23.540 +this plant. This particular one? It's an + +13:23.540 --> 13:26.060 +aloe polyphylla. It's a spiral aloe. They + +13:26.060 --> 13:28.600 +come spiraled both ways. This is a right + +13:28.600 --> 13:30.300 +spiraled one, but there are left spiraled + +13:30.300 --> 13:32.320 +ones as well, which I would love to get + +13:32.320 --> 13:34.900 +another one for the garden. And they've + +13:34.900 --> 13:36.360 +only fairly recently been brought into + +13:36.360 --> 13:37.820 +cultivation. They're fascinating to look + +13:37.820 --> 13:39.920 +at because they are so geometric in their + +13:39.920 --> 13:42.200 +form. And once they get established, you + +13:42.200 --> 13:44.360 +know, this will maybe triple in size and + +13:44.360 --> 13:46.040 +then it makes offsets. So it'll actually, + +13:46.600 --> 13:48.280 +the spiral will split. It's kind of like + +13:48.280 --> 13:49.540 +watching a cell divide and there will + +13:49.540 --> 13:51.360 +become two spirals and out of it when it + +13:51.360 --> 13:53.560 +gets, you know, about that size. This is + +13:53.560 --> 13:55.260 +the hot plant. This is one everybody wants + +13:55.260 --> 13:57.400 +to see, right? Well, a lot of people want + +13:57.400 --> 14:00.500 +to see it. They're not that common yet. So + +14:00.500 --> 14:05.080 +I think it's just a spectacular plant. No, + +14:05.080 --> 14:09.400 +it's just still. Yeah. Take a look. You + +14:09.400 --> 14:12.020 +can see it. Oh. Oh, yeah, that looks + +14:12.020 --> 14:14.940 +great. I got my little tweezers. I should + +14:14.940 --> 14:15.660 +be cleaning it out. + +14:27.380 --> 14:32.800 +Here's a nice red stem. And it's in the + +14:32.800 --> 14:34.620 +wrong place in the bed. That's okay, we + +14:34.620 --> 14:35.100 +won't... + +14:38.280 --> 14:41.660 +And are the swirls new? Um, they've been + +14:41.660 --> 14:41.900 +in the... + +14:51.600 --> 14:53.560 +I suppose one other thing to think about + +14:53.560 --> 14:55.440 +is the original pattern of them although + +14:55.440 --> 14:59.300 +we've had to dig them out from up to 12 + +14:59.300 --> 15:02.900 +inches of dirt oh hang on a second now you + +15:02.900 --> 15:06.140 +can talk to me over here oh thank god tell + +15:06.140 --> 15:08.160 +me about the rocks the rocks are one of + +15:08.160 --> 15:10.500 +the really interesting historic features + +15:10.500 --> 15:13.580 +of the garden they're original. I mean + +15:13.580 --> 15:15.760 +there's not that much that's, you know, + +15:15.760 --> 15:18.280 +left from when the garden was actually + +15:18.280 --> 15:19.960 +made, but the bed outline is all original. + +15:20.060 --> 15:22.260 +The rocks were buried under up to 12 + +15:22.260 --> 15:23.960 +inches of dirt and we've hand excavated + +15:23.960 --> 15:25.520 +and raised them and preserved the pattern. + +15:25.640 --> 15:27.600 +So that really is, you know, the plants + +15:27.600 --> 15:28.900 +may be slightly different than what you + +15:28.900 --> 15:30.040 +would have seen in the original garden, + +15:30.160 --> 15:31.720 +but the bed outline and sort of the + +15:31.720 --> 15:33.520 +quadrilateral symmetry of the garden is + +15:33.520 --> 15:35.380 +original and as close to the original as + +15:35.380 --> 15:37.380 +we can make it as we excavate it. This + +15:37.380 --> 15:40.420 +place has real meaning as part of + +15:40.420 --> 15:42.560 +Stanford, doesn't it? Yeah. Talk to me + +15:42.560 --> 15:45.920 +about that. This garden was originally + +15:45.920 --> 15:47.180 +going to be the backyard for the + +15:47.180 --> 15:49.080 +Stanford's house that was going to be + +15:49.080 --> 15:50.900 +where the mausoleum now stands, and it was + +15:50.900 --> 15:53.440 +built in the early 1880s before they had + +15:53.440 --> 15:54.900 +started construction on the house and + +15:54.900 --> 15:57.240 +before little Leland died. And as you + +15:57.240 --> 15:59.080 +know, construction on the house was put + +15:59.080 --> 16:01.240 +aside when he passed away and they decided + +16:01.240 --> 16:03.120 +to found a university. But the garden had + +16:03.120 --> 16:07.760 +already been made. So it was a garden + +16:07.760 --> 16:10.360 +designed for a residence. Rudolf Ulrich, + +16:10.460 --> 16:11.860 +who designed this garden, also designed a + +16:11.860 --> 16:13.160 +garden at the Hotel Del Monte for + +16:13.160 --> 16:14.680 +Stanford's business partner, Charles + +16:14.680 --> 16:16.940 +Crocker. And it's very similar in certain + +16:16.940 --> 16:19.540 +ways, but it's also more open and more + +16:19.540 --> 16:21.580 +formal because it was a public garden to + +16:21.580 --> 16:23.340 +go with a hotel, and this was a private + +16:23.340 --> 16:26.260 +garden. But yeah, it's a real early piece + +16:26.260 --> 16:27.640 +of Stanford history. There's not too many + +16:27.640 --> 16:29.520 +pieces of early Stanford history left that + +16:29.520 --> 16:31.500 +you can just walk through. Imagine what it + +16:31.500 --> 16:32.760 +would be like. So I think it is a very + +16:32.760 --> 16:35.760 +special place. What's the, what's the, + +16:35.780 --> 16:38.100 +tell me about the upside down carrot. Oh, + +16:38.140 --> 16:40.220 +that's my very favorite tree. That's a + +16:40.220 --> 16:42.980 +Bujum tree. It's over there. It's named + +16:42.980 --> 16:44.780 +after the Lewis Carroll poem by whoever, I + +16:44.780 --> 16:46.000 +don't know who discovered it, but it's + +16:46.000 --> 16:47.660 +native to Baja, California, and obviously + +16:47.660 --> 16:50.720 +they were a Lewis Carroll fan. I think I + +16:50.720 --> 16:52.340 +really like it because in addition to it + +16:52.340 --> 16:54.220 +looking beautiful and unique, it's the + +16:54.220 --> 16:56.060 +first large plant that I helped move into + +16:56.060 --> 16:57.900 +the garden. I didn't really know you could + +16:57.900 --> 16:59.300 +move plants that big and have them + +16:59.300 --> 17:02.020 +survive. and the tree crew guys that + +17:02.020 --> 17:03.640 +helped me move it didn't know that either + +17:03.640 --> 17:05.080 +because they move oak trees they don't + +17:05.080 --> 17:07.520 +move succulent trunked cacti so so we had + +17:07.520 --> 17:09.700 +to prune back all the branches we wadded + +17:09.700 --> 17:11.040 +up newspaper and stuffed them all between + +17:11.040 --> 17:12.880 +the branches then we wrapped it in in old + +17:12.880 --> 17:14.200 +sheets and then we build a framework of + +17:14.200 --> 17:15.640 +two by fours around it before we let the + +17:15.640 --> 17:17.480 +crane lift it up and then the guys + +17:17.480 --> 17:19.140 +excavated the root ball and bald and + +17:19.140 --> 17:20.580 +burlap tit and we brought it here and put + +17:20.580 --> 17:22.400 +it into place with a crane and it grew it + +17:22.400 --> 17:24.740 +was so exciting so I'm very very attached + +17:24.740 --> 17:27.660 +to that particular plant. It's like a + +17:27.660 --> 17:30.260 +child for you. Yeah, yeah. Well, yeah + +17:30.260 --> 17:33.960 +probably. And who is this person? Who's + +17:33.960 --> 17:35.920 +this guy? Hey Uzo, can you say hello? This + +17:35.920 --> 17:37.880 +is my little garden mascot. Yes, she helps + +17:37.880 --> 17:39.800 +us keep the ground squirrels away. We have + +17:39.800 --> 17:41.100 +a lot of ground squirrel damage in the + +17:41.100 --> 17:43.560 +garden. But she comes out and keeps me + +17:43.560 --> 17:47.340 +company too. Yeah, she's a sweetheart. Hi + +17:47.340 --> 17:50.140 +Lisa, how you doing? She says Uzo, my name + +17:50.140 --> 17:50.520 +is Uzo. + +17:53.460 --> 17:56.400 +Yeah, that's a cute puppy. Cute puppy dog. + +17:57.700 --> 17:59.980 +She says that she just loves the fact that + +17:59.980 --> 18:04.580 +I have this job. Oh, I bet she does. Now I + +18:04.580 --> 18:06.240 +gotta take a picture of the carrot. Yeah. + +18:09.400 --> 18:11.220 +One of my volunteers is coming down here + +18:11.220 --> 18:13.460 +with a large format negative camera and + +18:13.460 --> 18:14.320 +taking pictures of it. + +18:18.880 --> 18:19.660 +Come here, nurse + +18:39.120 --> 18:40.640 +I don't know what to do. + +18:50.440 --> 18:52.200 +I'm gonna go make a couple of... They're + +18:52.200 --> 18:55.000 +very vicious. Are they? Yes. Detriment. + +18:55.120 --> 18:56.980 +They're small and they break off and + +18:56.980 --> 18:58.960 +they're very sharp and you get them in + +18:58.960 --> 19:00.300 +your skin and you can't see them to get + +19:00.300 --> 19:03.480 +them out. And they can get infected and + +19:03.480 --> 19:05.600 +painful. What do they call them? The + +19:05.600 --> 19:07.360 +little fuzzy things are called blockets. + +19:09.320 --> 19:11.520 +And so they look beautiful, they look + +19:11.520 --> 19:13.200 +friendly, they don't look very spiky at + +19:13.200 --> 19:17.800 +all, but they're bad news. Watch out. If + +19:17.800 --> 19:19.600 +you look at this one over here, this is + +19:19.600 --> 19:21.560 +another kind of prickly pear and you can + +19:21.560 --> 19:23.200 +see this has the combination of spines and + +19:23.200 --> 19:24.800 +glochids. Which one is that? The purple + +19:24.800 --> 19:27.380 +one over here. Yeah, this one only has the + +19:27.380 --> 19:29.040 +glochids. This one has the combination of + +19:29.040 --> 19:30.760 +both. So that genus comes with a whole + +19:30.760 --> 19:33.500 +range from lots of spines and few glochids + +19:33.500 --> 19:35.080 +to all glochids and no spines. + +19:39.060 --> 19:41.000 +But these are more obvious that you + +19:41.000 --> 19:43.500 +shouldn't touch them. Let me see if that's + +19:43.500 --> 19:44.380 +going to do a little... + +20:00.720 --> 20:02.520 +That's pretty awesome. Which means that I + +20:02.520 --> 20:05.100 +get nice clean shots. I'm already + +20:05.100 --> 20:06.760 +consuming the energy for your camera so. + +20:07.460 --> 20:08.000 +I'm sorry. + +20:23.400 --> 20:25.120 +I guess one of the other really special + +20:25.120 --> 20:26.580 +things about this garden is that there's + +20:26.580 --> 20:28.560 +almost always something in bloom. Hang on + +20:28.560 --> 20:30.420 +one sec, we'll start up. Okay. One of the + +20:30.420 --> 20:31.660 +other really great things about this + +20:31.660 --> 20:33.200 +garden is that there's always something in + +20:33.200 --> 20:34.820 +bloom year round. So even now that it's + +20:34.820 --> 20:36.380 +the middle of January, we've got aloes + +20:36.380 --> 20:38.680 +blooming. and this giant agave here is + +20:38.680 --> 20:41.080 +starting to think about blooming. So it's + +20:41.080 --> 20:42.800 +sending up its big flower spike and it'll + +20:42.800 --> 20:44.320 +bloom sometime over the next couple months + +20:44.320 --> 20:46.400 +and set seed and produce some offsets and + +20:46.400 --> 20:48.380 +it will die. But it will leave plenty of + +20:48.380 --> 20:50.980 +babies behind it. So it's pretty + +20:50.980 --> 20:52.420 +spectacular to watch the things in bloom + +20:52.420 --> 20:53.340 +even in the middle of winter. + +20:59.300 --> 21:01.380 +Now I'm going to shoot the carrot before I + +21:01.380 --> 21:01.860 +forget it. + +21:29.040 --> 21:31.840 +All right. + +22:24.960 --> 22:27.520 +It's a lovely place. If you want ideas on + +22:27.520 --> 22:29.880 +your scale of flexibility. It's just + +22:29.880 --> 22:32.300 +wonderful. Yeah, and Nancy earned every + +22:32.300 --> 22:33.000 +bit that they paid. + +22:39.480 --> 22:41.120 +Yeah, that big one is going to be... + +22:41.120 --> 22:41.480 +Lovely. + +22:50.000 --> 22:52.760 +Now, these rocks all are original, right? + +22:53.280 --> 22:56.000 +Well, the ones that look really older... + +22:57.040 --> 22:59.980 +And Morgan Hill. It's just great. + +23:42.160 --> 23:44.600 +Do you know anything about cactus? A + +23:44.600 --> 23:46.280 +little bit. You need to know anything + +23:46.280 --> 23:48.540 +about cactus? Go ahead. I was just always + +23:48.540 --> 23:50.360 +wondering, they tend to grow that white + +23:50.360 --> 23:51.740 +stuff that's on that one. Go ahead. + +23:51.920 --> 23:54.280 +That's, um... Walk over here. I'm holding + +23:54.280 --> 23:56.920 +it. Isn't that some poison? No, it's just + +23:56.920 --> 24:00.940 +a white fluff that they make. And certain + +24:00.940 --> 24:03.880 +species of cactus have it. It's usually in + +24:03.880 --> 24:05.980 +the genus Oreosurius and they're called + +24:05.980 --> 24:08.100 +old man cacti. They just put out, that's + +24:08.100 --> 24:09.580 +one of the sort of protective things they + +24:09.580 --> 24:10.700 +have. It gives them a little protection + +24:10.700 --> 24:12.740 +from hot sun and probably a little frost + +24:12.740 --> 24:15.280 +protection as well. It's not strychnine? + +24:16.520 --> 24:19.740 +No, it's not strychnine. Because there was + +24:19.740 --> 24:22.460 +this, you guys used to have cactuses + +24:22.460 --> 24:23.960 +stacked around over there waiting for you + +24:23.960 --> 24:26.040 +to plant it or whatever. Uh huh. And it + +24:26.040 --> 24:27.680 +was during the summertime and it was + +24:27.680 --> 24:31.600 +covered with that white stuff. Well + +24:31.600 --> 24:33.000 +there's other kinds of white stuff. + +24:33.140 --> 24:35.760 +There's an infestation called like cotton + +24:35.760 --> 24:40.180 +stain. Cotton stain. Cotton stain. Cotton + +24:40.180 --> 24:45.880 +stain. Uh huh. Cotton stain. Cotton stain. + +24:47.020 --> 24:51.380 +Uh huh, interesting. Yeah, yeah. Yeah. + +24:58.940 --> 25:01.380 +Oh well, you know, you never know what + +25:01.380 --> 25:02.620 +these stories will do. You might agree + +25:02.620 --> 25:05.400 +that's what people do in the practice. But + +25:05.400 --> 25:07.700 +they're just pieces of plant material. + +25:07.960 --> 25:10.480 +They're not people who talk about anything + +25:10.480 --> 25:11.020 +about it. + +25:18.420 --> 25:21.540 +I couldn't say. Goodbye. + +25:51.180 --> 25:53.040 +Sorry? That's a baby soil. That's what + +25:53.040 --> 25:53.420 +they look like. + +25:56.560 --> 26:02.380 +I hear they + +26:02.380 --> 26:03.700 +grow something like an inch a year. + +28:30.400 --> 28:33.200 +I'm sorry. + +29:51.440 --> 29:54.040 +Working away. There's nothing like getting + +29:54.040 --> 29:55.740 +muddy and dirty in the pursuit of your + +29:55.740 --> 29:56.020 +job. + +30:07.640 --> 30:09.720 +They have to be thinned out anyway, + +30:09.940 --> 30:12.380 +because otherwise they'll just totally + +30:12.380 --> 30:15.180 +grow over each other and get crowded out. + +30:31.840 --> 30:33.420 +As much easier to do when the dirt is + +30:33.420 --> 30:34.220 +soft. Yes + +31:10.540 --> 31:12.100 +I'm going to go find some more cerns. + +31:12.100 --> 31:12.420 +Okay. + +31:18.420 --> 31:20.360 +So this is how you propagate cern cactus, + +31:20.620 --> 31:23.200 +but hopefully nobody will get ideas and + +31:23.200 --> 31:24.580 +come in here and start taking things. We + +31:24.580 --> 31:26.120 +do have occasional problems with that. + +31:38.380 --> 31:40.320 +The great thing about these is they have + +31:40.320 --> 31:42.620 +to harden off, so they have to callus over + +31:42.620 --> 31:44.100 +before you plant them in the ground, so + +31:44.100 --> 31:45.400 +you can leave them sitting around for a + +31:45.400 --> 31:46.700 +couple of weeks before you plant them. + +31:47.040 --> 31:48.660 +Okay, now I'm going to just let you work + +31:48.660 --> 31:49.340 +and... in. + +33:16.200 --> 33:19.000 +All right. + +33:27.440 --> 33:29.000 +Alright, should we go paint some more? + diff --git a/docs/baseline/bg821nn2750_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/baseline/bg821nn2750_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a9b43ea --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/bg821nn2750_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1682 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:17.660 --> 00:19.640 +We've done a fantastic job. Well, thank + +00:19.640 --> 00:22.100 +you. It's just gorgeous. Oh, maybe I'll + +00:22.100 --> 00:24.820 +look over here and here's another. Yes, + +00:24.920 --> 00:26.900 +exactly. That's the same kind. That's an + +00:26.900 --> 00:28.500 +agave. We thought they were Agave + +00:28.500 --> 00:30.400 +americana, but I had an olive expert out + +00:30.400 --> 00:31.720 +here looking, and he thinks they're Agave + +00:31.720 --> 00:34.960 +farrox. And what is the one that was + +00:34.960 --> 00:38.140 +completely, it's being so carefully held + +00:38.140 --> 00:41.900 +up? That's my very favorite plant. It's + +00:41.900 --> 00:43.420 +this one right here, the one that looks + +00:43.420 --> 00:45.800 +kind of like an upside-down carrot. That's + +00:45.800 --> 00:47.620 +called a boujum tree. It's named after the + +00:47.620 --> 00:51.620 +Lewis Carroll poem. Tell me the poem. The + +00:51.620 --> 00:53.560 +Hunting of the Snark. I don't know. The + +00:53.560 --> 00:56.040 +boujum. The boujum. Is in there. Okay. So + +00:56.040 --> 00:57.920 +that's what it's named after. We moved + +00:57.920 --> 01:00.020 +that here. Remember I was showing you + +01:00.020 --> 01:01.700 +which ones were original? That's one of + +01:01.700 --> 01:03.360 +the larger ones we moved. And we actually + +01:03.360 --> 01:05.320 +got A to Z tree movers in Mountain View to + +01:05.320 --> 01:06.560 +donate their time, and they went all the + +01:06.560 --> 01:08.520 +way down to Greenfield, which is south of + +01:08.520 --> 01:12.080 +Salinas, with a crane. So that's not the + +01:12.080 --> 01:15.300 +one, but you knew one was there. There was + +01:15.300 --> 01:18.260 +someone who was selling his house who had + +01:18.260 --> 01:20.620 +landscaped his entire property in plants + +01:20.620 --> 01:22.860 +like this, and it was a condition of + +01:22.860 --> 01:24.040 +escrow that he get rid of them. + +01:27.220 --> 01:30.260 +That's the normal way it looks? It's quite + +01:30.260 --> 01:33.400 +lush. They grow on cliffs in Baja, so + +01:33.400 --> 01:35.220 +usually they look more scraggly and less + +01:35.220 --> 01:36.940 +branchy. This is a very, very happy + +01:36.940 --> 01:39.940 +specimen of one. They bloom. They bloom in + +01:39.940 --> 01:40.920 +the summer. They put out little yellow + +01:40.920 --> 01:42.580 +flowers at the top. You can sort of see + +01:42.580 --> 01:44.540 +the remains of the flower stalks. And + +01:44.540 --> 01:46.460 +since they're Baja native, you know, + +01:46.480 --> 01:48.180 +they're used to very little water, and + +01:48.180 --> 01:50.480 +they don't take the combination of cold + +01:50.480 --> 01:51.740 +and wet. This is one of our really + +01:51.740 --> 01:56.100 +borderline plants. So we dug a couple feet + +01:56.100 --> 01:58.020 +down underneath it, amended it with drain + +01:58.020 --> 01:59.540 +gravel, and then planted it in a raised + +01:59.540 --> 02:01.740 +bed and built the retaining wall around + +02:01.740 --> 02:04.580 +it. And we're just hoping that we can keep + +02:04.580 --> 02:06.760 +it going. And if we get, you know, if this + +02:06.760 --> 02:08.100 +does turn out to be a really cold wet + +02:08.100 --> 02:10.660 +winter, that's one of the ones. There's a + +02:10.660 --> 02:13.220 +couple of quite spectacular plants that we + +02:13.220 --> 02:15.300 +took that were borderline just because + +02:15.300 --> 02:16.440 +they would have been bulldozed and gone. + +02:16.900 --> 02:19.080 +So in choosing these these plants, just so + +02:19.080 --> 02:22.340 +I can get it clear in my mind. You had the + +02:22.340 --> 02:24.440 +plan, and so you know the kind of plants + +02:24.440 --> 02:26.180 +that were here, but you did not try to go + +02:26.180 --> 02:29.620 +and exactly replace every plant that you + +02:29.620 --> 02:30.380 +saw. Right, that's an excellent question, + +02:30.720 --> 02:33.840 +because if you looked at what was here in + +02:33.840 --> 02:35.880 +the mid-1990s, like I said, there were + +02:35.880 --> 02:37.440 +like five different kinds and like five + +02:37.440 --> 02:38.600 +million of each of those. Originally, + +02:38.640 --> 02:40.160 +there were hundreds of different kinds of + +02:40.160 --> 02:41.940 +plants and they didn't survive. Now, the + +02:41.940 --> 02:43.340 +garden had been really neglected since + +02:43.340 --> 02:45.460 +probably around World War II, too. But + +02:45.460 --> 02:47.860 +even so, you know, it just, it was + +02:47.860 --> 02:49.020 +designed as a high maintenance Victorian + +02:49.020 --> 02:51.720 +garden. And that was not sort of what it + +02:51.720 --> 02:53.580 +can be now. And there's not the funds to + +02:53.580 --> 02:55.800 +go out and buy plants. So we take what + +02:55.800 --> 02:57.080 +we're given, or we took what we're given + +02:57.080 --> 02:58.380 +for the most part, because we're kind of + +02:58.380 --> 03:03.440 +full up now. But what they did, before I + +03:03.440 --> 03:05.180 +came on, they hired a landscape architect + +03:05.180 --> 03:07.600 +named Nancy Hardesty. Okay. And she came + +03:07.600 --> 03:10.340 +up with a plan, what she called this ABCD + +03:10.340 --> 03:12.440 +plan. And it's, So what we do is we + +03:12.440 --> 03:15.420 +classify plants by type and A plants are + +03:15.420 --> 03:18.400 +tall focal point plants and each bed gets + +03:18.400 --> 03:19.920 +one or two of those kind of depending on + +03:19.920 --> 03:21.940 +the size. So that boujum tree is an A + +03:21.940 --> 03:25.120 +plant and the palm tree is an A plant. And + +03:25.120 --> 03:26.840 +then there's B plants which are + +03:27.440 --> 03:30.000 +substantial plants and large but more + +03:30.000 --> 03:32.460 +broad. So like when these prickly pear and + +03:32.460 --> 03:34.300 +the cholla grow up those will be B plants. + +03:35.080 --> 03:38.220 +And then C plants are are big, you know, + +03:38.240 --> 03:40.320 +sort of normal-sized plants, like, you + +03:40.320 --> 03:41.780 +know, kind of that one person can move + +03:41.780 --> 03:43.400 +around, and that those will, these would + +03:43.400 --> 03:45.460 +be C plants, and then D plants are ground + +03:45.460 --> 03:48.320 +cover. And so what every bed is supposed + +03:48.320 --> 03:50.260 +to have is this pyramidal planting scheme + +03:50.740 --> 03:52.960 +with an A plant in the middle, B plants + +03:52.960 --> 03:55.200 +around it, C plants at the edges, and then + +03:55.200 --> 03:56.940 +D plants doing ground cover in between. + +03:57.380 --> 04:00.380 +And that's not entirely similar to what + +04:00.380 --> 04:02.680 +was there. They had hundreds of saguaros + +04:02.680 --> 04:04.300 +in this original garden. If you look, you + +04:04.300 --> 04:06.060 +can see just in here all of these. I see. + +04:06.060 --> 04:07.460 +And there's no, I mean, those are + +04:07.460 --> 04:08.980 +protected species. There's no way we could + +04:08.980 --> 04:10.400 +get hundreds of saguaros, and they didn't + +04:10.400 --> 04:13.000 +survive. So this is the way that we can + +04:13.000 --> 04:14.940 +get sort of a formal look with a diversity + +04:14.940 --> 04:16.980 +of plant material to have that sort of + +04:16.980 --> 04:18.580 +scheme that all the beds have a sort of + +04:18.580 --> 04:22.760 +uniformity. So, and then in addition to + +04:22.760 --> 04:26.740 +that, they're trying to put some botanical + +04:26.740 --> 04:29.660 +usefulness into the garden. So we have a + +04:29.660 --> 04:31.460 +division into eastern and western + +04:31.460 --> 04:34.060 +hemispheres. So all plants native to the + +04:34.060 --> 04:35.480 +western hemisphere, so the Americas + +04:35.480 --> 04:37.160 +basically, are on this half of the garden, + +04:37.260 --> 04:39.540 +and all plants native to Asia and Africa + +04:39.540 --> 04:41.520 +and Europe are on that side of the garden. + +04:42.300 --> 04:44.240 +Although we did not move any original + +04:44.240 --> 04:46.060 +plants that were there. So Joshua plants + +04:46.060 --> 04:47.660 +are native, Joshua trees and yuccas and + +04:47.660 --> 04:48.580 +things like that are native to the + +04:48.580 --> 04:50.040 +southwest, so there are yucca trees down + +04:50.040 --> 04:52.000 +there, and that big prickly pear is an + +04:52.000 --> 04:54.380 +original, so it didn't get moved. But of + +04:54.380 --> 04:55.900 +all the new plants that we've put in, so + +04:55.900 --> 04:57.220 +all the aloes are at that end of the + +04:57.220 --> 05:00.880 +garden. Oh yeah, that's what's blooming + +05:00.880 --> 05:03.740 +now, they're looking beautiful. This looks + +05:03.740 --> 05:06.800 +unique. That's the jumping… Are the + +05:06.800 --> 05:08.820 +barrels or the jumping cholla? No. And + +05:08.820 --> 05:12.420 +this one? The one staked up right here? + +05:12.480 --> 05:13.700 +Yeah. Yeah, that's a jumping cholla. + +05:13.780 --> 05:16.060 +That's original. I mean, this particular + +05:16.060 --> 05:18.400 +plant was originally in the garden. This + +05:18.400 --> 05:20.940 +one is not a descendant of what was here. + +05:21.000 --> 05:22.420 +The one on the other end, though, is just + +05:22.420 --> 05:23.860 +a cutting that we took of a plant that had + +05:23.860 --> 05:26.840 +survived. Do you have any sagurus here? + +05:26.960 --> 05:29.520 +Yes, we do. Unfortunately, they are under + +05:29.520 --> 05:32.080 +wraps. Under Rats, yeah. There was a + +05:32.080 --> 05:34.160 +wonderful person who lived on one of those + +05:34.160 --> 05:37.280 +hills in Cupertino, a big estate, and they + +05:37.280 --> 05:38.700 +were selling it and moving to the city to + +05:38.700 --> 05:40.480 +be closer to their children. The new + +05:40.480 --> 05:41.900 +owners didn't want the saguaros. They + +05:41.900 --> 05:43.780 +wanted a basketball court. So now how do + +05:43.780 --> 05:45.920 +you find these places? They find me. It's + +05:45.920 --> 05:48.600 +amazing. Yeah. So what would you like that + +05:48.600 --> 05:50.140 +you don't have that you would love for + +05:50.140 --> 05:52.320 +someone to call and say? I would love more + +05:52.320 --> 05:54.440 +saguaros. I would love ground cover at + +05:54.440 --> 05:57.040 +this point. It's kind of hard to say right + +05:57.040 --> 05:58.480 +now it depends a lot on the winter. + +05:59.100 --> 06:02.160 +There's things if we lose I would + +06:02.160 --> 06:04.260 +definitely like to replace. I do have a + +06:04.260 --> 06:05.620 +plant list and they're trying to get it up + +06:05.620 --> 06:08.040 +on the grounds department website of what + +06:08.040 --> 06:10.580 +we could use. So people just call the + +06:10.580 --> 06:13.480 +university and say I have this cactus? + +06:14.180 --> 06:15.860 +Yeah, or people find me. Actually a lot of + +06:15.860 --> 06:17.160 +our volunteers, the San Francisco + +06:17.160 --> 06:18.960 +Succulent and Cactus Society was mentioned + +06:18.960 --> 06:21.820 +in the article and they committed to this + +06:21.820 --> 06:24.060 +volunteer project to Herb Fong like long + +06:24.060 --> 06:25.700 +before I was hired, long before any of + +06:25.700 --> 06:26.620 +this started because because they didn't + +06:26.620 --> 06:28.580 +want to start the project and then not + +06:28.580 --> 06:30.020 +have any volunteers and have it kind of + +06:30.020 --> 06:33.980 +flail. So that's a huge network right + +06:33.980 --> 06:36.240 +there. So a lot of people who don't know + +06:36.240 --> 06:38.700 +anything about the garden, but they have a + +06:38.700 --> 06:40.360 +yard full of plants, they have small + +06:40.360 --> 06:43.500 +trees. They don't want to kill the plants, + +06:43.540 --> 06:44.520 +but they don't want to have the plants + +06:44.520 --> 06:45.800 +anymore, so they call the succulent + +06:45.800 --> 06:48.020 +societies, and all the succulent societies + +06:48.020 --> 06:50.300 +pretty much know me now. Well, you have an + +06:50.300 --> 06:52.420 +article in the State of Greenland. I + +06:52.420 --> 06:54.680 +talked to Kevin Koltz on my mom's here + +06:54.680 --> 06:56.500 +list. If you'd like to lobby Kevin Koltz + +06:56.500 --> 06:57.960 +and put an article in, that would be + +06:57.960 --> 07:00.840 +great. I think anybody who has a standard + +07:00.840 --> 07:04.620 +connection would love it. What I really + +07:04.620 --> 07:06.620 +want, actually what I would really like, + +07:06.620 --> 07:08.000 +there are definitely plans I would like + +07:08.000 --> 07:09.420 +people out of the blue to give me, but + +07:09.420 --> 07:10.800 +what I would really like is people to give + +07:10.800 --> 07:12.340 +me pictures of the garden from the middle + +07:12.340 --> 07:14.960 +of this century on. Because I have, + +07:15.080 --> 07:16.460 +like... I think it's that they don't have + +07:16.460 --> 07:18.060 +a lot of art in it, because they have many + +07:18.060 --> 07:19.340 +other, you know, the rest of it. I mean, + +07:19.400 --> 07:22.640 +even if they just put a note about having + +07:22.640 --> 07:25.540 +a baby. So if you do know people, feel + +07:25.540 --> 07:28.720 +free to drop it. Darn. Feel free to drop + +07:28.720 --> 07:31.020 +it. Just give them the evidence that you + +07:31.020 --> 07:36.420 +know. Yeah. Yeah. Well, my other problem + +07:36.420 --> 07:38.400 +is, I went to her farm, my Boston grounds, + +07:38.580 --> 07:40.740 +and I'm like, you know, okay, I can work + +07:40.740 --> 07:43.260 +tonight. I can get people to do all that. + +07:43.360 --> 07:45.400 +But I'm trying to think about cacti. I + +07:45.400 --> 07:47.660 +know like California native plants, like + +07:47.660 --> 07:49.860 +heirloom vegetables. I was like, that's + +07:49.860 --> 07:53.580 +okay. It's okay. Very quickly, very, very, + +07:53.600 --> 07:54.200 +very quickly. + +07:57.800 --> 07:59.260 +Thank you for coming! + +08:05.340 --> 08:07.100 +Well, it's really our volunteers. + +08:40.900 --> 08:42.580 +Thanks for coming by. Bye. + +08:47.080 --> 08:48.700 +I was going to do an interview, but you + +08:48.700 --> 08:50.360 +told me everything I needed to know. Oh, + +08:50.400 --> 08:52.000 +come on. Surely you can think of something + +08:52.000 --> 08:55.860 +else to ask. People find you. Don't look. + +08:55.920 --> 08:58.500 +Yeah. Look over here. Look at the plant. + +08:58.640 --> 09:03.220 +Yeah. This is truly a work of love on your + +09:03.220 --> 09:06.140 +part, right? Absolutely. I mean, this + +09:06.140 --> 09:08.680 +garden is a very special place. And all of + +09:08.680 --> 09:10.120 +the volunteers who put so much of their + +09:10.120 --> 09:12.520 +effort into it, I mean, it's just a + +09:12.520 --> 09:16.340 +wonderful, wonderful effort. And how much + +09:16.340 --> 09:18.260 +time a week do you put into this place? + +09:18.460 --> 09:20.120 +I'm employed in the Grants Department 20 + +09:20.120 --> 09:22.160 +hours a week, so, you know, occasionally + +09:22.160 --> 09:24.060 +there's a few extra hours here and there. + +09:24.200 --> 09:25.440 +But pretty much it's a half-time + +09:25.440 --> 09:27.180 +commitment, and then I have my other half + +09:27.180 --> 09:29.240 +-time job in archives. So I have more than + +09:29.240 --> 09:30.840 +enough to keep me busy. Okay, what makes + +09:30.840 --> 09:33.120 +this place so special? Well, there's not + +09:33.120 --> 09:35.440 +very many 19th century gardens left on the + +09:35.440 --> 09:37.960 +peninsula to begin with. And then this + +09:37.960 --> 09:40.160 +garden itself is one of the earliest + +09:40.160 --> 09:43.180 +experiments with growing these kind of + +09:43.180 --> 09:45.300 +plants, cacti and succulents outdoors not + +09:45.300 --> 09:47.840 +under glass that was one of the great + +09:47.840 --> 09:49.840 +innovations that the landscape architect + +09:49.840 --> 09:51.400 +who designed this garden Rudolph Ulrich + +09:51.400 --> 09:55.100 +made so in a certain way you can think of + +09:55.100 --> 09:57.180 +it as like the very very earliest + +09:57.180 --> 09:58.840 +beginnings of xerophytic gardening in + +09:58.840 --> 10:00.460 +California that you know now we have all + +10:00.460 --> 10:02.040 +these drought tolerant gardens and this is + +10:02.040 --> 10:04.540 +one of the places it all started. Wow. + +10:05.040 --> 10:08.260 +Pretty cool. It is pretty cool and these + +10:08.260 --> 10:10.020 +plants do they have Do they have + +10:10.020 --> 10:13.360 +personalities for you? Not so much for me, + +10:13.400 --> 10:15.220 +except the prickly pears always seem to be + +10:15.220 --> 10:16.500 +trying to jump me and get a couple of + +10:16.500 --> 10:18.680 +spines in me. But I know a lot of my + +10:18.680 --> 10:20.880 +volunteers have particular affinities with + +10:20.880 --> 10:22.260 +particular kinds of plants, and they're + +10:22.260 --> 10:24.320 +always, oh yes, she's happy today, oh he + +10:24.320 --> 10:26.800 +doesn't look too good. So I think they do + +10:26.800 --> 10:29.560 +have personalities. You were talking a + +10:29.560 --> 10:33.200 +little bit before about the levels, + +10:33.340 --> 10:35.460 +there's four levels. Tell me a little bit + +10:35.460 --> 10:38.120 +about that. Okay, Nancy Hardesty, the + +10:38.120 --> 10:39.640 +landscape architect who helped come up + +10:39.640 --> 10:41.680 +with this restoration schema, it's a way + +10:41.680 --> 10:44.660 +that we can use donated plants and take + +10:44.660 --> 10:46.940 +what plant materials are given to us and + +10:46.940 --> 10:48.540 +yet maintain some sort of visual + +10:48.540 --> 10:52.080 +uniformity and Victorian formalism in the + +10:52.080 --> 10:53.420 +garden. This was originally a formal + +10:53.420 --> 10:55.920 +garden. It's not, you know, a naturalistic + +10:55.920 --> 10:57.800 +run wild kind of garden, so there's a lot + +10:57.800 --> 11:01.180 +of symmetry, a lot of balance. So what she + +11:01.180 --> 11:03.600 +did was create four general categories of + +11:03.600 --> 11:05.380 +plants. There's A-type plants, which are + +11:05.380 --> 11:07.980 +really tall, big, massive plants when + +11:07.980 --> 11:10.200 +they're mature. They're the focal point of + +11:10.200 --> 11:12.140 +every bed, and there's 50-some-odd beds in + +11:12.140 --> 11:13.800 +the garden. So every bed, depending on + +11:13.800 --> 11:15.880 +size, should have one or two plants. And + +11:15.880 --> 11:17.420 +an example of that would be this palm tree + +11:17.420 --> 11:19.560 +or this Yucca Follifera here. They're just + +11:19.560 --> 11:22.480 +commanding plants. And then there's B-type + +11:22.480 --> 11:24.660 +plants, which are also large plants, but + +11:24.660 --> 11:27.000 +they're bulkier and not as tall. So those + +11:27.000 --> 11:28.700 +would ring the outside of the A-type + +11:28.700 --> 11:30.260 +plants. And then there's C-type plants, + +11:30.420 --> 11:31.780 +which are, you know, a couple feet in + +11:31.780 --> 11:34.000 +diameter maximum. maximum. Those go + +11:34.000 --> 11:36.520 +outside the bee plants. And then D-type + +11:36.520 --> 11:38.120 +plants are ground cover and those go + +11:38.120 --> 11:40.000 +around the edges of all the beds. So that + +11:40.000 --> 11:41.620 +allows us to have a pyramidal planting + +11:42.040 --> 11:44.220 +plan for every bed, but it doesn't + +11:44.220 --> 11:45.560 +constrain us with the type of plants + +11:45.560 --> 11:47.120 +because we are so dependent on donated + +11:47.120 --> 11:49.860 +plants. So it's worked really well. Tell + +11:49.860 --> 11:51.840 +me your name and spell it so I don't waltz + +11:51.840 --> 11:54.460 +it up. It's Christy. It's Christy Smith, C + +11:54.460 --> 11:57.340 +-H-R-I-S-T-Y, and the last name is Smith, + +11:57.460 --> 12:00.980 +S-M-I-T-H. And give me a title. volunteer + +12:00.980 --> 12:02.720 +coordinator Stanford Arizona Garden + +12:02.720 --> 12:06.540 +Project great now the palm trees in a + +12:06.540 --> 12:11.640 +plant right okay that's an a plant okay + +12:11.640 --> 12:17.640 +give me a B plant oh and these are sea + +12:17.640 --> 12:21.980 +plants oh good I love them oh they're + +12:21.980 --> 12:24.620 +beautiful and where's the D plant + +12:30.640 --> 12:32.180 +Professor Dudley who was a botanist here + +12:32.180 --> 12:34.880 +in the 20s and 20s. Really? Yep. So I'm + +12:34.880 --> 12:35.860 +working on a little Dudley Memorial + +12:35.860 --> 12:38.500 +Garden. Now what I'd like to do... Do you + +12:38.500 --> 12:40.600 +want to see the agave? Yeah, I don't want + +12:40.600 --> 12:41.800 +to... The aloe polyphyllo, that's the one + +12:41.800 --> 12:43.180 +you probably want to still. Yeah, that's + +12:43.180 --> 12:44.480 +the hot one. And you're going to have to + +12:44.480 --> 12:45.860 +climb in the plants to see it. That's + +12:45.860 --> 12:48.240 +right. I'm going to let you walk ahead of + +12:48.240 --> 12:49.800 +me. Alright, I'll put the doggy here. + +12:49.920 --> 12:52.780 +That's okay. Sit. Sit. Stay. + +12:58.280 --> 13:00.420 +And just talk to me about this. Alright, + +13:00.540 --> 13:02.600 +this is an aloe polyphylla. It's called a + +13:02.600 --> 13:04.320 +spiral aloe. They've only come into + +13:04.320 --> 13:06.840 +cultivation recently. As you can see, it's + +13:06.840 --> 13:10.920 +very geometric. And this one spirals to + +13:10.920 --> 13:12.760 +the right and they come spiraling both + +13:12.760 --> 13:14.160 +ways. There's one that spiraled to the + +13:14.160 --> 13:16.700 +left as well. And I would dearly love to + +13:16.700 --> 13:18.060 +get another one that spirals the other way + +13:18.060 --> 13:20.900 +for the garden. Tell me a little bit about + +13:20.900 --> 13:23.540 +this plant. This particular one? It's an + +13:23.540 --> 13:26.060 +aloe polyphylla. It's a spiral aloe. They + +13:26.060 --> 13:28.600 +come spiraled both ways. This is a right + +13:28.600 --> 13:30.300 +spiraled one, but there are left spiraled + +13:30.300 --> 13:32.320 +ones as well, which I would love to get + +13:32.320 --> 13:34.900 +another one for the garden. And they've + +13:34.900 --> 13:36.360 +only fairly recently been brought into + +13:36.360 --> 13:37.820 +cultivation. They're fascinating to look + +13:37.820 --> 13:39.920 +at because they are so geometric in their + +13:39.920 --> 13:42.200 +form. And once they get established, you + +13:42.200 --> 13:44.360 +know, this will maybe triple in size and + +13:44.360 --> 13:46.040 +then it makes offsets. So it'll actually, + +13:46.600 --> 13:48.280 +the spiral will split. It's kind of like + +13:48.280 --> 13:49.540 +watching a cell divide and there will + +13:49.540 --> 13:51.360 +become two spirals and out of it when it + +13:51.360 --> 13:53.560 +gets, you know, about that size. This is + +13:53.560 --> 13:55.260 +the hot plant. This is one everybody wants + +13:55.260 --> 13:57.400 +to see, right? Well, a lot of people want + +13:57.400 --> 14:00.500 +to see it. They're not that common yet. So + +14:00.500 --> 14:05.080 +I think it's just a spectacular plant. No, + +14:05.080 --> 14:09.400 +it's just still. Yeah. Take a look. You + +14:09.400 --> 14:12.020 +can see it. Oh. Oh, yeah, that looks + +14:12.020 --> 14:14.940 +great. I got my little tweezers. I should + +14:14.940 --> 14:15.660 +be cleaning it out. + +14:27.380 --> 14:32.800 +Here's a nice red stem. And it's in the + +14:32.800 --> 14:34.620 +wrong place in the bed. That's okay, we + +14:34.620 --> 14:35.100 +won't... + +14:38.280 --> 14:41.660 +And are the swirls new? Um, they've been + +14:41.660 --> 14:41.900 +in the... + +14:51.600 --> 14:53.560 +I suppose one other thing to think about + +14:53.560 --> 14:55.440 +is the original pattern of them although + +14:55.440 --> 14:59.300 +we've had to dig them out from up to 12 + +14:59.300 --> 15:02.900 +inches of dirt oh hang on a second now you + +15:02.900 --> 15:06.140 +can talk to me over here oh thank god tell + +15:06.140 --> 15:08.160 +me about the rocks the rocks are one of + +15:08.160 --> 15:10.500 +the really interesting historic features + +15:10.500 --> 15:13.580 +of the garden they're original. I mean + +15:13.580 --> 15:15.760 +there's not that much that's, you know, + +15:15.760 --> 15:18.280 +left from when the garden was actually + +15:18.280 --> 15:19.960 +made, but the bed outline is all original. + +15:20.060 --> 15:22.260 +The rocks were buried under up to 12 + +15:22.260 --> 15:23.960 +inches of dirt and we've hand excavated + +15:23.960 --> 15:25.520 +and raised them and preserved the pattern. + +15:25.640 --> 15:27.600 +So that really is, you know, the plants + +15:27.600 --> 15:28.900 +may be slightly different than what you + +15:28.900 --> 15:30.040 +would have seen in the original garden, + +15:30.160 --> 15:31.720 +but the bed outline and sort of the + +15:31.720 --> 15:33.520 +quadrilateral symmetry of the garden is + +15:33.520 --> 15:35.380 +original and as close to the original as + +15:35.380 --> 15:37.380 +we can make it as we excavate it. This + +15:37.380 --> 15:40.420 +place has real meaning as part of + +15:40.420 --> 15:42.560 +Stanford, doesn't it? Yeah. Talk to me + +15:42.560 --> 15:45.920 +about that. This garden was originally + +15:45.920 --> 15:47.180 +going to be the backyard for the + +15:47.180 --> 15:49.080 +Stanford's house that was going to be + +15:49.080 --> 15:50.900 +where the mausoleum now stands, and it was + +15:50.900 --> 15:53.440 +built in the early 1880s before they had + +15:53.440 --> 15:54.900 +started construction on the house and + +15:54.900 --> 15:57.240 +before little Leland died. And as you + +15:57.240 --> 15:59.080 +know, construction on the house was put + +15:59.080 --> 16:01.240 +aside when he passed away and they decided + +16:01.240 --> 16:03.120 +to found a university. But the garden had + +16:03.120 --> 16:07.760 +already been made. So it was a garden + +16:07.760 --> 16:10.360 +designed for a residence. Rudolf Ulrich, + +16:10.460 --> 16:11.860 +who designed this garden, also designed a + +16:11.860 --> 16:13.160 +garden at the Hotel Del Monte for + +16:13.160 --> 16:14.680 +Stanford's business partner, Charles + +16:14.680 --> 16:16.940 +Crocker. And it's very similar in certain + +16:16.940 --> 16:19.540 +ways, but it's also more open and more + +16:19.540 --> 16:21.580 +formal because it was a public garden to + +16:21.580 --> 16:23.340 +go with a hotel, and this was a private + +16:23.340 --> 16:26.260 +garden. But yeah, it's a real early piece + +16:26.260 --> 16:27.640 +of Stanford history. There's not too many + +16:27.640 --> 16:29.520 +pieces of early Stanford history left that + +16:29.520 --> 16:31.500 +you can just walk through. Imagine what it + +16:31.500 --> 16:32.760 +would be like. So I think it is a very + +16:32.760 --> 16:35.760 +special place. What's the, what's the, + +16:35.780 --> 16:38.100 +tell me about the upside down carrot. Oh, + +16:38.140 --> 16:40.220 +that's my very favorite tree. That's a + +16:40.220 --> 16:42.980 +Bujum tree. It's over there. It's named + +16:42.980 --> 16:44.780 +after the Lewis Carroll poem by whoever, I + +16:44.780 --> 16:46.000 +don't know who discovered it, but it's + +16:46.000 --> 16:47.660 +native to Baja, California, and obviously + +16:47.660 --> 16:50.720 +they were a Lewis Carroll fan. I think I + +16:50.720 --> 16:52.340 +really like it because in addition to it + +16:52.340 --> 16:54.220 +looking beautiful and unique, it's the + +16:54.220 --> 16:56.060 +first large plant that I helped move into + +16:56.060 --> 16:57.900 +the garden. I didn't really know you could + +16:57.900 --> 16:59.300 +move plants that big and have them + +16:59.300 --> 17:02.020 +survive. and the tree crew guys that + +17:02.020 --> 17:03.640 +helped me move it didn't know that either + +17:03.640 --> 17:05.080 +because they move oak trees they don't + +17:05.080 --> 17:07.520 +move succulent trunked cacti so so we had + +17:07.520 --> 17:09.700 +to prune back all the branches we wadded + +17:09.700 --> 17:11.040 +up newspaper and stuffed them all between + +17:11.040 --> 17:12.880 +the branches then we wrapped it in in old + +17:12.880 --> 17:14.200 +sheets and then we build a framework of + +17:14.200 --> 17:15.640 +two by fours around it before we let the + +17:15.640 --> 17:17.480 +crane lift it up and then the guys + +17:17.480 --> 17:19.140 +excavated the root ball and bald and + +17:19.140 --> 17:20.580 +burlap tit and we brought it here and put + +17:20.580 --> 17:22.400 +it into place with a crane and it grew it + +17:22.400 --> 17:24.740 +was so exciting so I'm very very attached + +17:24.740 --> 17:27.660 +to that particular plant. It's like a + +17:27.660 --> 17:30.260 +child for you. Yeah, yeah. Well, yeah + +17:30.260 --> 17:33.960 +probably. And who is this person? Who's + +17:33.960 --> 17:35.920 +this guy? Hey Uzo, can you say hello? This + +17:35.920 --> 17:37.880 +is my little garden mascot. Yes, she helps + +17:37.880 --> 17:39.800 +us keep the ground squirrels away. We have + +17:39.800 --> 17:41.100 +a lot of ground squirrel damage in the + +17:41.100 --> 17:43.560 +garden. But she comes out and keeps me + +17:43.560 --> 17:47.340 +company too. Yeah, she's a sweetheart. Hi + +17:47.340 --> 17:50.140 +Lisa, how you doing? She says Uzo, my name + +17:50.140 --> 17:50.520 +is Uzo. + +17:53.460 --> 17:56.400 +Yeah, that's a cute puppy. Cute puppy dog. + +17:57.700 --> 17:59.980 +She says that she just loves the fact that + +17:59.980 --> 18:04.580 +I have this job. Oh, I bet she does. Now I + +18:04.580 --> 18:06.240 +gotta take a picture of the carrot. Yeah. + +18:09.400 --> 18:11.220 +One of my volunteers is coming down here + +18:11.220 --> 18:13.460 +with a large format negative camera and + +18:13.460 --> 18:14.320 +taking pictures of it. + +18:18.760 --> 18:22.320 +Give me a this! And then... + +18:50.440 --> 18:51.900 +I'm going to go make a couple of... + +18:51.900 --> 18:53.900 +They're very vicious. Are they? Yes. + +18:54.560 --> 18:56.440 +Detriment. They're small and they break + +18:56.440 --> 18:58.720 +off and they're very sharp and you get + +18:58.720 --> 19:00.080 +them in your skin and you can't see them + +19:00.080 --> 19:03.300 +to get them out and they can get infected + +19:03.300 --> 19:05.920 +and painful. What do they call? The little + +19:05.920 --> 19:10.120 +fuzzy things are called blockets. And so + +19:10.120 --> 19:11.840 +they look beautiful. They look friendly. + +19:11.840 --> 19:13.500 +they don't look very spiky at all but + +19:13.500 --> 19:18.160 +they're bad news. Watch out. If you look + +19:18.160 --> 19:20.100 +at this one over here this is another kind + +19:20.100 --> 19:21.980 +of prickly pear and you can see this has + +19:21.980 --> 19:23.620 +the combination of spines and glochids. + +19:23.740 --> 19:25.160 +Which one is that? The purple one over + +19:25.160 --> 19:27.700 +here. Yeah this one only has the glochids. + +19:27.820 --> 19:29.440 +This one has the combination of both. So + +19:29.440 --> 19:31.360 +that genus comes with a whole range from + +19:31.360 --> 19:33.720 +like lots of spines and few glochids to + +19:33.720 --> 19:35.120 +all glochids and no spines. + +19:39.020 --> 19:41.020 +But these are more obvious that you + +19:41.020 --> 19:43.360 +shouldn't touch them. Let's see what that + +19:43.360 --> 19:43.960 +one's going to do. + +20:00.720 --> 20:02.520 +That's pretty awesome. Which means that I + +20:02.520 --> 20:05.400 +get nice clean shots. I'm already consumed + +20:05.400 --> 20:07.840 +with envy for your camera stuff. I'm + +20:07.840 --> 20:07.980 +sorry. + +20:23.500 --> 20:24.880 +And I guess one of the other really + +20:24.880 --> 20:26.420 +special things about this garden is that + +20:26.420 --> 20:27.840 +there's almost always something in bloom. + +20:28.060 --> 20:30.340 +Hang on one second. Start up. Okay. One of + +20:30.340 --> 20:31.660 +the other really great things about this + +20:31.660 --> 20:33.200 +garden is that there's always something in + +20:33.200 --> 20:34.820 +bloom year round. So even now that it's + +20:34.820 --> 20:36.360 +the middle of January, we've got aloes + +20:36.360 --> 20:38.660 +blooming, and this giant agave here is + +20:38.660 --> 20:41.080 +starting to think about blooming. So it's + +20:41.080 --> 20:42.800 +sending up its big flower spike, and it'll + +20:42.800 --> 20:44.320 +bloom sometime over the next couple months + +20:44.320 --> 20:46.420 +and set seed and produce some offsets, and + +20:46.420 --> 20:48.380 +it will die. But it will leave plenty of + +20:48.380 --> 20:51.040 +babies behind it. So it's pretty + +20:51.040 --> 20:52.420 +spectacular to watch the things in bloom, + +20:52.520 --> 20:54.840 +even in the middle of winter. Now, the + +20:54.840 --> 20:55.420 +giant... + +20:59.480 --> 21:01.180 +Now, I'm going to shoot the carrot before + +21:01.180 --> 21:01.860 +I forget it. + +22:24.960 --> 22:27.520 +It's a lovely place. If you want ideas on + +22:27.520 --> 22:29.880 +your scale of flexibility. It's just + +22:29.880 --> 22:32.280 +wonderful. Yeah, and Nancy earned every + +22:32.280 --> 22:33.020 +bit that we paid. + +22:39.500 --> 22:41.500 +Yeah, that big one is really big. Lovely. + +22:50.000 --> 22:52.760 +Now these rocks are all original, right? + +22:53.480 --> 22:56.120 +Well, the ones that look really older... + +22:56.120 --> 22:59.980 +...and Morgan Hill. It's just great. + +23:42.160 --> 23:44.600 +Do you know anything about cactus? A + +23:44.600 --> 23:46.280 +little bit. You need to know anything + +23:46.280 --> 23:48.540 +about cactus? Go ahead. I was just always + +23:48.540 --> 23:50.360 +wondering, they tend to grow that white + +23:50.360 --> 23:51.740 +stuff that's on that one. Go ahead. + +23:51.920 --> 23:54.280 +That's, um... Walk over here. I'm holding + +23:54.280 --> 23:56.920 +it. Isn't that some poison? No, it's just + +23:56.920 --> 24:00.940 +a white fluff that they make. And certain + +24:00.940 --> 24:03.880 +species of cactus have it. It's usually in + +24:03.880 --> 24:05.980 +the genus Oreosurius and they're called + +24:05.980 --> 24:08.100 +old man cacti. They just put out, that's + +24:08.100 --> 24:09.580 +one of the sort of protective things they + +24:09.580 --> 24:10.700 +have. It gives them a little protection + +24:10.700 --> 24:12.740 +from hot sun and probably a little frost + +24:12.740 --> 24:15.280 +protection as well. It's not strychnine? + +24:16.520 --> 24:19.740 +No, it's not strychnine. Because there was + +24:19.740 --> 24:22.460 +this, you guys used to have cactuses + +24:22.460 --> 24:23.960 +stacked around over there waiting for you + +24:23.960 --> 24:26.040 +to plant it or whatever. Uh huh. And it + +24:26.040 --> 24:27.680 +was during the summertime and it was + +24:27.680 --> 24:31.600 +covered with that white stuff. Well + +24:31.600 --> 24:33.000 +there's other kinds of white stuff. + +24:33.140 --> 24:35.760 +There's an infestation called like cotton + +24:35.760 --> 24:40.180 +stain. Cotton stain. Cotton stain. Cotton + +24:40.180 --> 24:45.880 +stain. Uh huh. Cotton stain. Cotton stain. + +24:47.020 --> 24:51.380 +Uh huh, interesting. Yeah, yeah. Yeah. + +24:58.940 --> 25:01.380 +Oh well, you know, you never know what + +25:01.380 --> 25:02.620 +these stories will do. You might agree + +25:02.620 --> 25:05.400 +that's what people do in the practice. But + +25:05.400 --> 25:07.700 +they're just pieces of plant material. + +25:07.960 --> 25:10.480 +They're not people who talk about anything + +25:10.480 --> 25:11.020 +about it. + +25:18.420 --> 25:21.540 +I couldn't say. Goodbye. + +25:51.180 --> 25:53.040 +Sorry? That's a baby soil. That's what + +25:53.040 --> 25:53.420 +they look like. + +25:56.560 --> 26:02.380 +I hear they + +26:02.380 --> 26:03.700 +grow something like an inch a year. + +28:30.400 --> 28:33.200 +I'm sorry. + +29:51.440 --> 29:54.040 +Working away. There's nothing like getting + +29:54.040 --> 29:55.740 +muddy and dirty in the pursuit of your + +29:55.740 --> 29:56.020 +job. + +30:07.640 --> 30:09.720 +They have to be thinned out anyway, + +30:09.940 --> 30:12.380 +because otherwise they'll just totally + +30:12.380 --> 30:15.180 +grow over each other and get crowded out. + +30:31.840 --> 30:33.420 +As much easier to do when the dirt is + +30:33.420 --> 30:34.220 +soft. Yes + +31:10.540 --> 31:12.100 +I'm going to go find some more cerns. + +31:12.100 --> 31:12.420 +Okay. + +31:18.420 --> 31:20.360 +So this is how you propagate cern cactus, + +31:20.620 --> 31:23.200 +but hopefully nobody will get ideas and + +31:23.200 --> 31:24.580 +come in here and start taking things. We + +31:24.580 --> 31:26.120 +do have occasional problems with that. + +31:38.380 --> 31:40.320 +The great thing about these is they have + +31:40.320 --> 31:42.620 +to harden off, so they have to callus over + +31:42.620 --> 31:44.100 +before you plant them in the ground, so + +31:44.100 --> 31:45.400 +you can leave them sitting around for a + +31:45.400 --> 31:46.700 +couple of weeks before you plant them. + +31:47.040 --> 31:48.660 +Okay, now I'm going to just let you work + +31:48.660 --> 31:49.340 +and... in. + +33:16.200 --> 33:19.000 +All right. + +33:27.440 --> 33:29.000 +Alright, should we go paint some more? + diff --git a/docs/baseline/br525sp8033_FV4289_v4_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/br525sp8033_FV4289_v4_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..287c649 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/br525sp8033_FV4289_v4_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:04.120 --> 00:06.520 +Древнейший русский город Смоленск, + +00:06.620 --> 00:08.640 +превращенный немцами в развальны. + +00:13.400 --> 00:15.440 +Разрушенная электростанция. + +00:20.540 --> 00:22.940 +Взорванные водонасосные башни. + +00:26.500 --> 00:28.780 +Уничтоженный трамвайный парк. + +00:32.660 --> 00:35.640 +здание, в котором помещались городские + +00:35.640 --> 00:36.360 +учреждения. + +00:44.100 --> 00:47.060 +Здесь находился льнокомбинат имени + +00:47.060 --> 00:50.480 +Андреева. Немцы увезли станки, котлы, + +00:50.560 --> 00:53.840 +рельсы и другое оборудование в Германию и + +00:53.840 --> 00:55.160 +уничтожили комбинат. + +01:07.960 --> 01:10.520 +Разрушенные здания клинической больницы, + +01:10.600 --> 01:13.720 +размещавшиеся в 20 корпусах. Немцы + +01:13.720 --> 01:16.160 +взорвали и сожгли здания лечебных + +01:16.160 --> 01:17.320 +учреждений Смоленска. + +01:23.140 --> 01:26.100 +Здания средней школы уничтожены так же, + +01:26.180 --> 01:28.880 +как и здания других 21 школ Смоленска. + +01:30.000 --> 01:36.240 +Здесь были детские ясли. Это развалины + +01:36.240 --> 01:37.160 +дворца пионеров. + +01:40.040 --> 01:43.140 +Набережные улицы, разрушенные немцами. + +01:57.000 --> 01:59.620 +Взорванная и сожженная улица Дзержинского, + +01:59.840 --> 02:01.500 +главная улица города. + +02:19.500 --> 02:22.680 +Перед отступлением немцы заминировали + +02:22.680 --> 02:25.360 +здание города. Некоторые дома удалось + +02:25.360 --> 02:30.240 +спасти. Саперы извлекают и обезвреживают + +02:30.240 --> 02:33.260 +мины и бомбы, заложенные немцами и не + +02:33.260 --> 02:34.780 +успевшие еще взорваться + +02:59.760 --> 03:04.500 +Смоленск. В Брянске немцами разрушено 7300 + +03:04.500 --> 03:05.800 +домов. + +03:15.180 --> 03:18.640 +Брянск. Старинный город, впервые + +03:18.640 --> 03:21.920 +упоминаемый летописями в 1146 году. + +03:22.440 --> 03:24.080 +Взорванный и сожженный немцами + +03:24.080 --> 03:27.300 +преступление. Разрушенный дом советов. + +03:28.760 --> 03:31.080 +Здание, в котором помещалась + +03:31.080 --> 03:32.720 +железнодорожная больница. + +03:42.580 --> 03:45.460 +Уничтоженные промышленные предприятия. + +03:55.100 --> 03:58.880 +Город Курск Один из старейших русских + +03:58.880 --> 04:02.860 +городов Существующий с 11 века Крупный + +04:02.860 --> 04:04.460 +областной культурный центр + +04:09.020 --> 04:12.600 +Немцы произвели в Курске Огромное + +04:12.600 --> 04:13.280 +разрушение + +04:30.160 --> 04:36.100 +Орел. Город, существующий с 1564 года. + +04:36.640 --> 04:38.740 +Город с большим количеством учебных + +04:38.740 --> 04:41.320 +заведений и хозяйственных предприятий, + +04:41.320 --> 04:45.040 +разорен и сожжен отступавшими немцами. + +04:46.960 --> 04:49.240 +Развалины зданий, в которых помещались + +04:49.240 --> 04:50.560 +городские учреждения. + +04:55.280 --> 04:58.800 +Это разрушенные жилые дома. + +05:03.660 --> 05:06.760 +тысячи жителей орла остались без крова + +05:17.940 --> 05:22.720 +это новгород древнейший русский город он + +05:22.720 --> 05:26.520 +выстроен в девятом веке до войны новгород + +05:26.520 --> 05:28.760 +Город был крупным научным и культурным + +05:28.760 --> 05:31.500 +центром. В нем сохранились исторические + +05:31.500 --> 05:34.480 +памятники русского искусства и культуры. + +05:37.700 --> 05:43.360 +Немцы сожгли и разрушили город. Из 2346 + +05:43.360 --> 05:47.640 +жилых домов в Новгороде сохранилось только + +05:47.640 --> 05:48.100 +40. + +05:59.200 --> 06:00.720 +Город Сольцы. + +06:14.900 --> 06:17.700 +Немцы разрушали не только крупные + +06:17.700 --> 06:20.580 +административные центры, но и небольшие + +06:20.580 --> 06:20.860 +города. + +06:26.520 --> 06:27.620 +Город Вязьма. + +06:35.220 --> 06:37.300 +Город Гжатск. + +06:44.680 --> 06:46.840 +Город Вишневец. + +06:53.780 --> 06:55.780 +Город Юхнов. + +07:01.360 --> 07:03.200 +Город Епифань. + +07:12.000 --> 07:13.620 +Город Холм. + +07:20.620 --> 07:22.140 +Город Дно. + +07:29.040 --> 07:31.240 +Город Старая Русска. + +07:37.640 --> 07:40.040 +Город Великие Луки. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/br525sp8033_FV4289_v4_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/baseline/br525sp8033_FV4289_v4_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..287c649 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/br525sp8033_FV4289_v4_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:04.120 --> 00:06.520 +Древнейший русский город Смоленск, + +00:06.620 --> 00:08.640 +превращенный немцами в развальны. + +00:13.400 --> 00:15.440 +Разрушенная электростанция. + +00:20.540 --> 00:22.940 +Взорванные водонасосные башни. + +00:26.500 --> 00:28.780 +Уничтоженный трамвайный парк. + +00:32.660 --> 00:35.640 +здание, в котором помещались городские + +00:35.640 --> 00:36.360 +учреждения. + +00:44.100 --> 00:47.060 +Здесь находился льнокомбинат имени + +00:47.060 --> 00:50.480 +Андреева. Немцы увезли станки, котлы, + +00:50.560 --> 00:53.840 +рельсы и другое оборудование в Германию и + +00:53.840 --> 00:55.160 +уничтожили комбинат. + +01:07.960 --> 01:10.520 +Разрушенные здания клинической больницы, + +01:10.600 --> 01:13.720 +размещавшиеся в 20 корпусах. Немцы + +01:13.720 --> 01:16.160 +взорвали и сожгли здания лечебных + +01:16.160 --> 01:17.320 +учреждений Смоленска. + +01:23.140 --> 01:26.100 +Здания средней школы уничтожены так же, + +01:26.180 --> 01:28.880 +как и здания других 21 школ Смоленска. + +01:30.000 --> 01:36.240 +Здесь были детские ясли. Это развалины + +01:36.240 --> 01:37.160 +дворца пионеров. + +01:40.040 --> 01:43.140 +Набережные улицы, разрушенные немцами. + +01:57.000 --> 01:59.620 +Взорванная и сожженная улица Дзержинского, + +01:59.840 --> 02:01.500 +главная улица города. + +02:19.500 --> 02:22.680 +Перед отступлением немцы заминировали + +02:22.680 --> 02:25.360 +здание города. Некоторые дома удалось + +02:25.360 --> 02:30.240 +спасти. Саперы извлекают и обезвреживают + +02:30.240 --> 02:33.260 +мины и бомбы, заложенные немцами и не + +02:33.260 --> 02:34.780 +успевшие еще взорваться + +02:59.760 --> 03:04.500 +Смоленск. В Брянске немцами разрушено 7300 + +03:04.500 --> 03:05.800 +домов. + +03:15.180 --> 03:18.640 +Брянск. Старинный город, впервые + +03:18.640 --> 03:21.920 +упоминаемый летописями в 1146 году. + +03:22.440 --> 03:24.080 +Взорванный и сожженный немцами + +03:24.080 --> 03:27.300 +преступление. Разрушенный дом советов. + +03:28.760 --> 03:31.080 +Здание, в котором помещалась + +03:31.080 --> 03:32.720 +железнодорожная больница. + +03:42.580 --> 03:45.460 +Уничтоженные промышленные предприятия. + +03:55.100 --> 03:58.880 +Город Курск Один из старейших русских + +03:58.880 --> 04:02.860 +городов Существующий с 11 века Крупный + +04:02.860 --> 04:04.460 +областной культурный центр + +04:09.020 --> 04:12.600 +Немцы произвели в Курске Огромное + +04:12.600 --> 04:13.280 +разрушение + +04:30.160 --> 04:36.100 +Орел. Город, существующий с 1564 года. + +04:36.640 --> 04:38.740 +Город с большим количеством учебных + +04:38.740 --> 04:41.320 +заведений и хозяйственных предприятий, + +04:41.320 --> 04:45.040 +разорен и сожжен отступавшими немцами. + +04:46.960 --> 04:49.240 +Развалины зданий, в которых помещались + +04:49.240 --> 04:50.560 +городские учреждения. + +04:55.280 --> 04:58.800 +Это разрушенные жилые дома. + +05:03.660 --> 05:06.760 +тысячи жителей орла остались без крова + +05:17.940 --> 05:22.720 +это новгород древнейший русский город он + +05:22.720 --> 05:26.520 +выстроен в девятом веке до войны новгород + +05:26.520 --> 05:28.760 +Город был крупным научным и культурным + +05:28.760 --> 05:31.500 +центром. В нем сохранились исторические + +05:31.500 --> 05:34.480 +памятники русского искусства и культуры. + +05:37.700 --> 05:43.360 +Немцы сожгли и разрушили город. Из 2346 + +05:43.360 --> 05:47.640 +жилых домов в Новгороде сохранилось только + +05:47.640 --> 05:48.100 +40. + +05:59.200 --> 06:00.720 +Город Сольцы. + +06:14.900 --> 06:17.700 +Немцы разрушали не только крупные + +06:17.700 --> 06:20.580 +административные центры, но и небольшие + +06:20.580 --> 06:20.860 +города. + +06:26.520 --> 06:27.620 +Город Вязьма. + +06:35.220 --> 06:37.300 +Город Гжатск. + +06:44.680 --> 06:46.840 +Город Вишневец. + +06:53.780 --> 06:55.780 +Город Юхнов. + +07:01.360 --> 07:03.200 +Город Епифань. + +07:12.000 --> 07:13.620 +Город Холм. + +07:20.620 --> 07:22.140 +Город Дно. + +07:29.040 --> 07:31.240 +Город Старая Русска. + +07:37.640 --> 07:40.040 +Город Великие Луки. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/bs744dg5568_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/bs744dg5568_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..62f50b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/bs744dg5568_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,902 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:28.280 --> 00:29.980 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +00:41.220 --> 00:59.560 +ご視聴 + +00:59.560 --> 00:59.940 +ありがとうございました + +01:15.800 --> 01:24.480 +今東京都庭園美術館でアメリカに生きた日系人画家たち希望と苦悩の反省期という展覧会が開 + +01:24.480 --> 01:25.080 +かれています + +01:34.000 --> 01:44.300 +この展覧会は終戦50年を記念して企画されたもので国吉康夫、ヘンリー杉本、薄井文平など + +01:44.300 --> 01:49.620 +アメリカで活躍した画家たちの作品180点が展示されています + +02:10.860 --> 02:21.320 +中でも一際目を引くのが共生収容所の中で描かれた日系人画家たちの作品です彼らは収容所の + +02:21.320 --> 02:26.760 +中で屈辱に耐えながら絵画によって希望を見出そうと絵筆を取りました + +02:37.640 --> 02:46.500 +こんにちは今日は第二次大戦中アメリカの日系人収容所の中で絵を描き続けました尾端千浦 + +02:46.500 --> 02:53.260 +という画家とその仲間たちにスポットを当てたいと思います僕もチェーン美術館で拝見して + +02:53.260 --> 02:58.000 +きたんですけれどもアメリカで活躍した日本人の画家というのは例えば国有志康夫さんのよう + +02:58.000 --> 03:04.840 +なそういう方はすでに日本で有名ですよねだけどこの今世紀の初頭からずっと50年間ぐらい + +03:04.840 --> 03:10.860 +にあんなにたくさんの方が向こうに渡って絵を描いていたという事実は僕もある意味では初 + +03:10.860 --> 03:15.160 +めてで非常にびっくりしたんですよね尾端千代という名前はご存知でしたか全然知らなかった + +03:15.160 --> 03:20.400 +んですよやっぱり非常に印象的で素晴らしい絵を描いていらっしゃるのでなんで今まで知らな + +03:20.400 --> 03:25.420 +かったんだろうと思って非常にやっぱり自分の不勉強を恥じたという私も尾端千代今回初めて + +03:25.420 --> 03:31.060 +知ったんですけれどもその収容所の中で文化とそして自分たち人間性を守ろうということでず + +03:31.060 --> 03:36.720 +っと絵を描いてきたわけなんですがそのリーダーが尾端千浦だったわけですねその尾端千浦は + +03:36.720 --> 03:42.360 +アメリカの西海岸の美術運動にも大きな影響を与えた人なんですがアメリカ西海岸に取材に行 + +03:42.360 --> 03:42.640 +ってきました + +03:49.000 --> 03:57.900 +アメリカの西海岸 サンフランシスコ古くから日系移民の多かったこの町が尾端千浦とその仲 + +03:57.900 --> 04:00.000 +間たちの活動の舞台となりました + +04:03.980 --> 04:10.500 +ノンフィクションライターの下島哲郎さんは10年以上にわたって収容所の日系人画家たちを + +04:10.500 --> 04:19.380 +取材してきました何度もここへ通って関係者の話を聞くうちに収容所の生活に意外な側面があ + +04:19.380 --> 04:21.960 +ったことを発見したとと下島さんは言います + +04:24.760 --> 04:34.320 +4年間という長い収容所生活が絵のために非常に充実しそしてむしろ楽しんだというような + +04:34.320 --> 04:42.120 +ことをおっしゃる人が多数いらっしゃるんですね収容所時代が充実していたとそうですね + +04:46.220 --> 04:55.520 +それで驚いたといいますか意外に思いましてますます調べていくうちに3年ほど前に尾端千浦 + +04:55.520 --> 05:06.120 +さんという画家と出会ったんですその尾端さんという画家は収容所の中に美術学校を作る + +05:06.120 --> 05:16.520 +んですその美術学校から多くの画家たちが輩出してきたということが分かってきました日本画 + +05:16.520 --> 05:26.580 +家尾端千浦は1903年明治36年にアメリカに渡りました墨絵や水彩画で西海岸の美術界の + +05:26.580 --> 05:31.740 +注目を集め後にカリフォルニア大学バークレー校の教授に抜擢されました + +05:36.360 --> 05:40.320 +尾端千浦が亡くなるまで住んでいたバークレーの家を訪ねました + +05:44.700 --> 05:45.180 +こんにちは + +05:50.800 --> 05:59.400 +おばたさんのお嬢さんのゆりさんですよろしくお願いします桜井ですよろしくお願いします + +06:01.720 --> 06:11.980 +映画でもありますねあれもそうですかパパが描きましたマグノリアとブルージェイマグノリア + +06:11.980 --> 06:13.320 +モクレの花そう + +06:16.060 --> 06:27.580 +花と鳥とても好きだったの描くのCG描きましたアトリエはありませんでしたいつも家族に囲 + +06:27.580 --> 06:36.580 +まれてダイニングルームで絵を描いていたということですここがじゃあアトリエ代わりでどこ + +06:36.580 --> 06:43.240 +に座って書いてらっしゃるんですか?こっちに座って、ウィンドウがみんな開けて、とっても + +06:43.240 --> 06:46.120 +好きだった、ここでやるの。へぇー。 + +06:48.560 --> 06:54.820 +どんな風にして書いてらっしゃるんでしょうね。覚えてらっしゃいますか?そう、パパはベー + +06:54.820 --> 07:02.240 +スボールとっても好きだった。野球が。そう。だから、レディオを耳に入れて、こうやって書 + +07:02.240 --> 07:13.500 +いて。聞きながらそう時々ジャイアンツが負けたああって怒ってせっかく書いていた絵がダメ + +07:13.500 --> 07:17.080 +になってそういうこともあったかもしれませんね + +07:22.260 --> 07:28.620 +尾端千浦は1885年明治18年岡山県に生まれました + +07:34.820 --> 07:42.260 +本名佐藤造六5歳の時に仙台に住む兄六一の養子になりました + +07:46.600 --> 07:56.720 +千浦7歳の時の絵ですもともと絵の得意だった千浦は日本画家だった六一の影響を受け自らも + +07:56.720 --> 07:58.240 +画家になることを決意します + +08:03.280 --> 08:11.660 +六一の厳しい指導を受けたチューラはわずか17歳で日本美術院展同杯を受賞一躍脚光を浴び + +08:11.660 --> 08:16.900 +ましたしかし翌年には突然アメリカに渡りました + +08:22.720 --> 08:33.440 +世界は広く何億万人もの人たちがいますされど私の真に頼むべき真に語るべき真に楽しむべき + +08:33.440 --> 08:43.020 +は皆様だけですこの離れがたき皆様のもとを去り遠く異郷に来て真苦観難ものともせず成功を + +08:43.020 --> 08:51.520 +希望するのです決して大きな贅沢なる家で美しい着物を着おいしいものを食べたいというわけ + +08:51.520 --> 08:59.060 +ではありません必ずや天下に尾端千浦の書であると言わせる策を成して帰ります + +09:12.740 --> 09:20.020 +アメリカに渡った千浦はスクールボーイをしたり日経新聞のイラストを書いて生活を始めます + +09:24.040 --> 09:30.420 +都米して9年目27歳の時に書いた千浦書記の代表作です + +09:37.420 --> 09:42.900 +大地に立つおゆうしい少女は結婚して間もない新妻春子です + +09:50.600 --> 09:59.380 +うっそうとした杉こだち太い幹や枝の一本一本が墨の濃淡によって巧みにかき分けられて + +09:59.380 --> 09:59.660 +います + +10:09.080 --> 10:15.160 +足元には大地から生命を受けた小さな草が群生し花を結んでいます + +10:25.920 --> 10:34.200 +すでに新しい命を宿していたハルコの期待と不安が夜明けの透明な空気の中で象徴的に描か + +10:34.200 --> 10:34.600 +れています + +10:45.980 --> 10:53.080 +母なる大地を描くことによってアメリカでの日本画の新境地を開いた千浦は創作意欲をかきた + +10:53.080 --> 11:02.080 +てられ次々と新しいテーマを求めて旅を重ねます膨大な作品が地下の倉庫に残っていました + +11:05.600 --> 11:13.040 +その絵はそれはどこを描いたのですかこれはヨセミテの戦争前の1938年に作られた絵 + +11:13.040 --> 11:22.260 +です。ヨセミテを描いているんですね。はい。おばあちゃんは、毎年夏にヨセミテに行って、 + +11:22.500 --> 11:28.520 +絵を描いて、魚を釣っていました。はい、そうです。戦前ですね、そうしましたね。 + +11:48.480 --> 11:51.640 +寄せ見て国立公園の渓谷を襲う嵐 + +11:56.920 --> 12:00.080 +雄大な自然の変化をダイナミックに描いています + +12:15.360 --> 12:23.300 +1927年尾端千浦はカリフォルニア大学バークレー校の美術教授ワースライダーとともに寄 + +12:23.300 --> 12:31.200 +せ見てを訪れましたそして2ヶ月にわたってキャンプ生活をしながら寄せ見ての大自然を描き + +12:31.200 --> 12:31.420 +ました + +12:39.080 --> 12:45.820 +当時ヨセミテはアメリカの代表的な継承地として多くの画家によって描き尽くされていました + +12:52.520 --> 13:00.200 +しかし日本画家尾端千浦の描いたヨセミテは今までにないヨセミテの姿をアメリカ人に感じさ + +13:00.200 --> 13:36.720 +せたのです千浦のヨセミテシリーズは彼の評価をなお一層高めました音楽 + +13:37.260 --> 13:45.780 +本鳥から南に行ったところです。松が真ん中にあって、いかにも日本的ですね。そうですね。 + +13:45.780 --> 13:57.000 +千浦は5歳から仙台で育っています。多分、頭の片隅に松島湾の風景が残っていると思います + +13:57.000 --> 14:06.460 +が、千浦という名前も松島湾から取ったものなんですね。じゃあそういう風景を探して描いた + +14:06.460 --> 14:13.940 +んでしょうね頭の片隅にいつもあってアメリカのカリフォルニアをさまよったんじゃないか + +14:13.940 --> 14:14.420 +と思います + +14:19.560 --> 14:31.020 +アメリカの名門校 カリフォルニア大学バークレー校寄せ見てから戻った尾端千浦はこの大学 + +14:31.020 --> 14:33.080 +の日本画の講師として招かれました + +14:41.740 --> 14:52.120 +雨をかきたいならば雨に打たれよ風をかきたいならば風に吹かれよそして何千もの心のレンズ + +14:52.120 --> 14:53.360 +を通して書きなさい + +14:57.460 --> 15:01.540 +チューラの講義は学生たちの絶大なる支持を受けました + +15:09.940 --> 15:18.340 +小畑チューラはバークレーのキャンパスの絵を幾枚も残していますけれどもこの塔もそのうち + +15:18.340 --> 15:20.900 +の一つで星座タワーといいますが + +15:23.640 --> 15:33.000 +素晴らしい塔ですね青い空ときちっとなんとも上手い具合にマッチしてましたねどんな思いで + +15:33.000 --> 15:42.340 +見てたんでしょうかねこの空にすくっと伸びる塔をそうですねちょうどその時代というのは尾 + +15:42.340 --> 15:51.400 +端千浦が上昇気流に乗っている時代ですから多分その気分とピタッと合ってたんじゃないかと + +15:51.400 --> 15:59.560 +は思いますけどね空にすっくと伸びているとこのカリフォルニアの青い空がチューラ独特の色 + +15:59.560 --> 16:01.980 +でチューラブルーと呼ばれているんです + +16:09.900 --> 16:13.480 +絹地に岩絵の具で描かれた山上の湖 + +16:18.220 --> 16:24.920 +チューラブルーと呼ばれた青が幾重にも塗り重ねられ湖の神秘を際立たせています + +16:57.660 --> 17:13.060 +ご視聴 + +17:13.060 --> 17:13.460 +ありがとうございました + +17:26.140 --> 17:37.920 +ご視聴 + +17:37.920 --> 17:43.420 +ありがとうございました + +17:46.200 --> 17:50.240 +線と色彩で躍動的な女性たちを描き出しています + +17:54.240 --> 17:59.340 +1930年代アメリカでは新しい美術の動きが出ていました + +18:03.900 --> 18:09.060 +この作品にも当時のアメリカ中小表現主義の影響が伺えます + +18:18.180 --> 18:27.320 +尾端千浦はアメリカと日本の2つの異なる文化を見事に融合させた芸術家だと思いますサンフ + +18:27.320 --> 18:35.060 +ランシスコの作家マキシンホン・キングストンがこう言っています日本の風景を見て訓練を積 + +18:35.060 --> 18:43.220 +んできた尾端教授の目にはモントレーやヨセミテの風景の中に本当のカリフォルニアの姿がく + +18:43.220 --> 18:53.580 +っきりと見えていたと全くその通りで彼にはその風景の持つ最も詩的な瞬間を捉える目が備わ + +18:53.580 --> 18:54.340 +っていたのです + +19:00.780 --> 19:07.220 +1941年太平洋戦争が始まる直前に書かれた地滑り + +19:15.320 --> 19:16.160 +地滑り + +19:20.420 --> 19:27.900 +崩れ去っていく土砂の中央に身を寄せる小さな人々の姿に日系人たちの不安が表現されて + +19:27.900 --> 19:28.180 +います + +19:34.580 --> 19:43.800 +1942年2月ルーズベルト大統領令によって西海岸の日系人およそ12万人が適正外国人と + +19:43.800 --> 19:52.200 +して強制収容されることになりました尾端千浦も家族とともにサンフランシスコの南のタンホ + +19:52.200 --> 20:00.740 +ランにある仮収容所に入れられますタンホランの集合場所に集まった日のことを覚えていらっ + +20:00.740 --> 20:11.000 +しゃいますかそう、あの日は雨が降ってとても悲しがって、バス乗って、ベイブリッジに行 + +20:11.000 --> 20:20.320 +って、タンフランに来ました。馬のステーブルに入れました。馬の急車。そう、だからあの時 + +20:20.320 --> 20:29.780 +私13だったから馬とっても好きで、四重に乗りました。だから、馬のステーブルに住んで + +20:29.780 --> 20:41.100 +いるから喜んで入りました。結衣さんは嬉しかったんですか?そう。ママががっかりして、ア + +20:41.100 --> 20:49.680 +ーミーのベッドがあって、マットレスにストローが入って、そこに座って、ママが泣いてしま + +20:49.680 --> 20:56.480 +ったの。ママは死ぬ、寝る、泣かない人だった。とっても強い。だから私びっくりして、なぜ + +20:56.480 --> 21:05.220 +泣いているのか聞いた。お前のところに住んでる。ああ、もう、そう悲しい。だから私、 + +21:05.480 --> 21:07.600 +そんなこと考えなかったね。 + +21:15.240 --> 21:24.800 +泥海とはよく言った。とんでもないデイネイタ泥に足を取られあえぎあえぎやっと馬小屋へ転 + +21:24.800 --> 21:32.740 +がり込んで果たして泣かなかった者が幾人あろうそして我々のタンフォーランにおける生活が + +21:32.740 --> 21:33.580 +始められた + +21:39.580 --> 21:49.580 +日本を遠く離れ異郷の地で永遠と築いてきたものすべてを失ってしまった日系人たち絶望の淵 + +21:49.580 --> 22:00.740 +に追いやられた姿を見て尾端千浦は美術学校の開設を思い立ちます開校は収容されてから25 + +22:00.740 --> 22:01.980 +日目のことです + +22:09.360 --> 22:18.560 +長年住み慣れし都を離れ浮草の境遇と似たる生活に入ったのでありますが若き人幼き人の先行 + +22:18.560 --> 22:27.880 +きを思うとき明日に希望を捨てることはできません来る日の準備をすべく今一日一日を新た + +22:27.880 --> 22:35.420 +なる希望を持っていかなくてはいけません以上の趣旨でここにタンフォーラン美術学校を設立 + +22:35.420 --> 22:36.040 +いたします + +22:46.560 --> 22:51.440 +日系人の誇りをもって生きよう勇気をもとう + +22:54.160 --> 23:01.540 +尾端中良の呼びかけは大きな共感を呼びやがて生徒は数百人にも上りました + +23:15.620 --> 23:26.260 +若い子供、おばあさん、おじいさん、おばあさん、みんな喜んで学校に来ました。入ってすぐ + +23:26.260 --> 23:35.600 +割とできたんですね。友達、ブークリーのプロフェッサーに頼 + +23:35.600 --> 23:45.800 +んで、紙と絵の具と筆なんかみんな送ってちょうだいって頼みました。みんな友達集めて持 + +23:45.800 --> 23:48.940 +ってきましたよ。それで始めました。 + +23:51.840 --> 24:02.860 +全米に本格的な収容所が完成すると日系人たちは各地へ移送されていきます1942年9月尾 + +24:02.860 --> 24:11.060 +端千浦は家族とともに豊洲の砂漠地帯のトパーズ収容所へ送られました千浦はここにも美術学 + +24:11.060 --> 24:22.880 +校を作ったのです私の目の前のこの有志鉄線この有志鉄線が収容所の鉄線です50年前の鉄線 + +24:22.880 --> 24:33.800 +が今も残っていましたこの鉄線のこちら側が収容所の敷地で広大なこの砂漠の中にバラックが + +24:33.800 --> 24:42.040 +立ち並んでいたんです本当に何にもないんですが遥か彼方向にトパーズ山このトパーズ収容所 + +24:42.040 --> 24:45.700 +の名前の由来となったトパーズ山が見えるだけなんですね + +24:48.820 --> 24:54.180 +今私が立っているこの辺りに美術学校があったということなんです + +25:07.080 --> 25:14.140 +砂漠地帯の真ん中に建てられた収容所にはバラック以外何もなくしかし、日系人たちは生活に + +25:14.140 --> 25:22.760 +必要なものすべてを自分たちの手で作らなければなりませんでした。昼は灼熱の太陽が照りつ + +25:22.760 --> 25:32.040 +け、夜は凍てつく寒さが襲います。ひとたび砂嵐が吹き始めると、一週間もの間吹き荒れ + +25:32.040 --> 25:40.900 +ました。バラックの中では、隙間から侵入する細かい砂との戦いが一日中続きました。 + +26:07.580 --> 26:11.560 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +26:28.940 --> 26:43.780 +屋根もなく 電灯もなく ストーブもなく土凍る高原の夜の寒さ肌を刺す家具も足らず 見ぞ + +26:43.780 --> 26:55.080 +れふる鉄椒7人連れの囚われの旅に 心身ともに疲れ果てたるサンタアナよりの人々 + +27:06.100 --> 27:17.840 +みんながっかりしてえらいとこに入りましてなんにもない気がない一つも頑張ってないだから + +27:17.840 --> 27:28.000 +パパどうしても山の方に見なさい目をあっちの方に見なさいきれいなサンセットサンライズが + +27:28.000 --> 27:39.640 +あるからどうしてもネイチュアが良くするって自然がそう頑張ってスピリの自分の気持ちが良 + +27:39.640 --> 27:42.260 +くなるって進めました + +27:46.500 --> 27:54.020 +尾端千浦は美しい自然の営みに目を向けることが明日への希望につながると確信していました + +27:59.380 --> 28:10.020 +収容所のシンボルである給水塔と夕日を受けて朱に染まった雲過酷な条件の中で千浦の美術学 + +28:10.020 --> 28:12.780 +校に込めた思いが感じられる作品です + +28:35.160 --> 28:46.560 +トパーズ美術学校では終戦までに何度か美術展を開きましたタンホランからトパーズへ尾端中 + +28:46.560 --> 28:50.760 +蘭が始めた美術学校を一緒に支えた仲間たちがいたのです + +29:03.280 --> 29:11.260 +日系二世のミネ・オックボカリフォルニア大学バークレー校の美術学生だった彼女はタンホラ + +29:11.260 --> 29:15.120 +ン美術学校ではチューラと共に教師として参加しました + +29:32.980 --> 29:38.860 +ミネオコボは木炭を使って絶望と苦悩の世界を描き出しています + +29:49.840 --> 29:56.220 +日比久子は母親の視点から収容所の中の生活を細やかに描いています + +30:14.860 --> 30:26.500 +トパーズ農場の収穫物作品の裏には砂漠の荒野で果物と野菜を育て届けてくれたトパーズの + +30:26.500 --> 30:29.420 +日本人農民に捧げると書かれています + +30:40.660 --> 30:46.500 +日比久子の夫日比松三郎の作品には小用手がたびたび登場します + +31:08.860 --> 31:17.500 +小用手は日系人を取り巻く社会の残酷さを暗示するとともに、日々にとって羨むべき自由の象 + +31:17.500 --> 31:18.240 +徴でもあります。 + +31:23.360 --> 31:32.040 +日々松桜は尾端千浦にとって都兵して間もない頃からの親友でした。タンホランからトパーズ + +31:32.040 --> 31:36.260 +へと美術学校を運営していく上で欠かせない協力者でした。 + +31:41.620 --> 31:51.320 +カンフォランの美術学校を創立するときも千浦は日々に相談していますその2人の協力があ + +31:51.320 --> 32:01.440 +って美術学校ができあがっていくわけです学校ができ生徒が来るかどうか2人は心配するわけ + +32:01.440 --> 32:12.480 +ですけどもちょうど開校の日は大嵐になって冷たい雨が降っていたんですその雨の中に3人の + +32:12.480 --> 32:20.880 +小さな女の子がぽつんと立ってドアを開くのを待っていたという2人はその子どもたちを教室 + +32:20.880 --> 32:32.440 +の中に入れて体を拭いてあげながらチューラーは泣くんですねひょっと前の日々を見ると日々 + +32:32.440 --> 32:33.340 +もやっぱり泣いていた + +32:36.920 --> 32:46.020 +結局二人の努力がそこで身を結んだという熱い思いがあったんじゃないかと思います + +32:51.040 --> 33:02.440 +トパーズの夕暮れに絵を描く男たち有志鉄線の中にいても絵を描くことができる喜びが後姿に + +33:02.440 --> 33:03.140 +現れています + +33:18.260 --> 33:24.260 +トパーズ美術学校で日比松三郎に絵の手ほどきを受けた人が今も健在でした + +33:29.840 --> 33:36.280 +ダン・ハラダさん72歳日系二世として19歳の時に収容されました + +33:41.840 --> 33:48.400 +ハラダさんは日々松桜にキャンバスを貼ることから指導を受け絵を描くことにのめり込んで + +33:48.400 --> 33:48.800 +いきました + +33:56.640 --> 34:04.400 +1943年に行われたアメリカへの忠誠を問うテストが原田さんの運命を変えましたその質問 + +34:04.400 --> 34:13.560 +は天皇への忠誠を否定できるか命令を受けた場合アメリカ軍人として戦う意思はあるか原田 + +34:13.560 --> 34:21.040 +さんはこれらの質問にノーと答えましたそのことによって原田さんは反米感情を持った日系人 + +34:21.040 --> 34:24.280 +ばかりを集めたトゥールレイクの収容所に送られました + +34:38.460 --> 34:41.660 +トゥールレイク収容所で描いたバラック + +34:50.080 --> 34:54.680 +バラックを包む黒い影が当時の原田さんの心情を表しています + +35:01.140 --> 35:08.400 +原田さんは収容所の中を深夜歩いているとバラックたちが寂しく寄り添っているかのように見 + +35:08.400 --> 35:11.600 +えまるで自分たちのようだったと語っています + +35:17.980 --> 35:26.820 +原田さんにとって収容所時代というのは人生の中でどんな意味を持つのでしょうか非常に今 + +35:26.820 --> 35:31.760 +でも非常になんて言いますか + +35:35.580 --> 35:46.380 +心の中に一つの傷でもありますけどそれと同時に私にとっては非常にクリエイティブな栄誉格 + +35:46.380 --> 35:48.100 +上でクリエイティブな + +35:52.040 --> 35:54.380 +充実した時代でした + +35:59.400 --> 36:09.020 +共生収容所の4年間という歳月は日系人たちにとって屈辱に満ちた日々でしたしかし美術学校 + +36:09.020 --> 36:12.640 +が生きる力となったことは間違いありません + +36:17.660 --> 36:29.560 +1945年8月14日 日本時間8月15日日比松桜は終戦のこの日に一枚の絵を残して + +36:29.560 --> 36:29.780 +います + +36:34.340 --> 36:41.160 +そこには祖国のある西に向かって神戸を垂れている一人の男が描かれています + +36:56.400 --> 36:57.040 +廃墟 + +37:00.160 --> 37:05.420 +小畑千浦が広島に落とされた原爆のニュースを聞いて描いた作品です + +37:17.400 --> 37:23.880 +小畑千浦はこの絵を最後に戦争にまつわる絵は二度と描きませんでした + +37:48.260 --> 37:55.180 +戦後なんですが尾端千代は大学に復職しましてバークレー校の名誉教授を務めた退職するん + +37:55.180 --> 38:02.760 +ですねその後は文化の架け橋としてアメリカに日本の文化を紹介するということに人生を捧げ + +38:02.760 --> 38:09.060 +たんですね文化の架け橋ということでいうとたくさんの画家たちがアメリカに渡って国と国と + +38:09.060 --> 38:14.460 +の間の文化を結ぼうとするわけですけどそれが国と国との戦争という運命によって強制収容所 + +38:14.460 --> 38:24.040 +のようなのが入れられてしまうそこで大端千浦と日比松浦という人がやった非常に大きな動き + +38:24.040 --> 38:31.100 +ですよね美術学校を作るというそれは非常に力強いものになっていたという意味では貴重だ + +38:31.100 --> 38:35.360 +ったと気がするんですよ生活的に言うとダン・ハラダさん書いたりとかミネ・オオコボさん書 + +38:35.360 --> 38:39.100 +いたりああいう暗いところだったと思うんですけどそれを何とかして変えていこうというその + +38:39.100 --> 38:44.720 +意思みたいなものは非常に貴重だなという気がしますねそれにしてもトパーズの京成修行時の + +38:44.720 --> 38:51.980 +後に言ったんですが本当に猛烈な風であの日ちょうど気温が38度でしてねもうちょっとこう + +38:51.980 --> 38:58.560 +いうだけで日差しが本当に強くてじりじり痛いくらいなんですよねあれだけの過酷な厳しい条 + +38:58.560 --> 39:06.180 +件の中でも絶望しないで絵を描き続けたと非常に強靭な精神力ですかねそれを思うんですが + +39:06.180 --> 39:15.060 +でも一方で絵を見ますと非常に透明感がある伸びやかな絵も非常に多いんですよねその透明感 + +39:15.060 --> 39:25.100 +というものがですね本当に共生主義の中でもある種の高い志と言いましょうかその志を表す + +39:25.100 --> 39:30.260 +ものなのかなという思いをして書いてきたんですけれどもね尾形千浦の絵の特質というのはや + +39:30.260 --> 39:35.160 +はり大胆で軽やかなところだと思うんですよねそれがあってこそやっぱり母なる大地のような + +39:35.160 --> 39:40.380 +ところで緻密なそういう日本画の技法があるんですがそれをはるかにまたこうやって心情ま + +39:40.380 --> 39:45.860 +でも表すような中小表現主義のような形というものがあってその軽やかさがやっぱりそういう + +39:45.860 --> 39:50.140 +意味でいうと希望をもたらすというかそういう感じがあったんだろうなという気がしますね + +39:50.640 --> 39:57.220 +その象徴的な色がチューラブルーですから真っ青なカリフォルニアの青とチューラブルー本当 + +39:57.220 --> 40:05.500 +に印象的でしたけどもねこの尾端チューラの作品実は日本で初公開なんですがそのチューラの + +40:05.500 --> 40:13.640 +作品多数を含めますアメリカに生きた日系人画家たちの展覧会10月の1日までですが東京都 + +40:13.640 --> 40:20.700 +の庭園美術館で開かれていますその後大分とそして広島でも開かれる予定になっています + +40:53.980 --> 41:10.800 +ご視聴 + +41:10.800 --> 41:10.840 +ありがとうございました + +41:24.400 --> 41:40.440 +ご視聴 + +41:40.440 --> 41:40.840 +ありがとうございました + +42:06.920 --> 42:10.840 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +42:35.740 --> 42:40.840 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +43:09.120 --> 43:10.840 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +43:23.700 --> 43:40.460 +ご視聴 + +43:40.460 --> 43:40.460 +ありがとうございました + +44:07.580 --> 44:10.820 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +44:39.640 --> 44:40.840 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +45:07.580 --> 45:10.840 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +45:35.720 --> 45:40.840 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +46:06.540 --> 46:10.800 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +46:36.600 --> 46:40.800 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +47:05.720 --> 47:10.820 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +47:36.580 --> 47:40.840 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +47:56.980 --> 48:10.800 +ご視聴 + +48:10.800 --> 48:10.820 +ありがとうございました + +48:34.240 --> 48:40.800 +ご視聴 + +48:40.800 --> 48:40.840 +ありがとうございました + +49:07.360 --> 49:10.840 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +49:23.780 --> 49:25.800 +よく見ていてください + +49:29.560 --> 49:41.640 +スイッチに触れるとあ、心臓がこういう風になったんですねそれでドキドキというタイトル + +49:41.640 --> 49:42.060 +なんですね + +49:48.600 --> 49:57.320 +今度はジダンダという面白いですねロボットが何だか人を待っているんでしょうかねイライラ + +49:57.320 --> 50:06.040 +しているというジダンダを踏んでちょっとタップを踏んでいるようにも見えたりしますね非常 + +50:06.040 --> 50:07.940 +にユーモラスな感じがしますね + +50:31.900 --> 50:40.100 +こちらの作品は機械を取り入れることによって動きを逃している作品です生物を思わせる人質 + +50:40.100 --> 50:49.600 +的な動きは薄色と同じく上下区間によるものです斜め股同士の作品は上下や上りといった最近 + +50:49.600 --> 50:56.840 +ではおなじみることの決まった動力と神秘な仕組みそして愛情のあるコルミで見ればはの好奇 + +50:56.840 --> 50:57.720 +心を知るとします + +51:12.920 --> 51:22.740 +これシデロイホス作品の題ですけどもねこれギリシャ語で鉄の響きまさに鉄の響きという意味 + +51:22.740 --> 51:23.080 +なんだそうですね + +51:26.240 --> 51:28.520 +ちょっととぼけたいい音ではありますね + +51:41.220 --> 51:51.660 +これは弓で弾いているわけですけれども非常に宇宙的な響きのある音ですねちょっとやはり普 + +51:51.660 --> 51:52.700 +通には耳慣れない + +52:19.620 --> 52:37.000 +ご視聴 + +52:37.000 --> 52:37.280 +ありがとうございました + +52:48.620 --> 53:07.000 +ご視聴 + +53:07.000 --> 53:07.240 +ありがとうございました + +53:17.820 --> 53:37.000 +ご視聴 + +53:37.000 --> 53:37.280 +ありがとうございました + +53:49.000 --> 54:07.000 +ご視聴 + +54:07.000 --> 54:07.200 +ありがとうございました + +54:17.900 --> 54:37.000 +ご視聴 + +54:37.000 --> 54:37.280 +ありがとうございました + +54:49.320 --> 55:07.000 +ご視聴 + +55:07.000 --> 55:07.240 +ありがとうございました + +55:19.020 --> 55:37.000 +ご視聴 + +55:37.000 --> 55:37.220 +ありがとうございました + +55:50.180 --> 56:07.000 +ご視聴 + +56:07.000 --> 56:07.260 +ありがとうございました + +56:19.000 --> 56:37.000 +ご視聴 + +56:37.000 --> 56:37.280 +ありがとうございました + +56:47.840 --> 57:07.000 +ご視聴 + +57:07.000 --> 57:07.280 +ありがとうございました + +57:20.140 --> 57:37.000 +ご視聴 + +57:37.000 --> 57:37.220 +ありがとうございました + +57:49.500 --> 58:07.000 +ご視聴 + +58:07.000 --> 58:07.260 +ありがとうございました + +58:19.300 --> 58:37.000 +ご視聴 + +58:37.000 --> 58:37.240 +ありがとうございました + +58:49.200 --> 59:07.000 +ご視聴 + +59:07.000 --> 59:07.280 +ありがとうございました + +59:19.920 --> 59:37.000 +ご視聴 + +59:37.000 --> 59:37.280 +ありがとうございました + +59:48.660 --> 01:00:07.000 +ご視聴 + +01:00:07.000 --> 01:00:07.260 +ありがとうございました + +01:00:13.320 --> 01:00:14.720 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + diff --git a/docs/baseline/bs744dg5568_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/baseline/bs744dg5568_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b46c78c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/bs744dg5568_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1277 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:28.580 --> 00:29.980 +Tekstet av Nicolai Winther + +01:14.920 --> 01:20.500 +The American Wild Lost advancedürlichs + +01:20.500 --> 01:21.400 +pong + +01:33.520 --> 01:35.620 +This exhibition was planned to commemorate + +01:35.620 --> 01:39.600 +the end of the war. The works of the + +01:39.600 --> 01:39.600 +painters who played an active part in the + +01:39.600 --> 01:41.580 +United States, Kuniyoshi Yasuo, Henry + +01:41.580 --> 01:44.580 +Sugimoto, and Usui Bunpei, are exhibited. + +02:11.480 --> 02:12.880 +中でも一際目を引くのが、 + +02:16.680 --> 02:18.080 +共生収容所の中で描かれた日系人画家たちの作品です。 + +02:21.680 --> 02:23.080 +彼らは収容所の中で屈辱に耐えながら、 + +02:25.660 --> 02:27.060 +絵画によって希望を見出そうと絵筆を取りました。 + +02:58.580 --> 02:59.980 +KONNICHIWA + +03:11.340 --> 03:12.740 +でも50年間くらいから50年間くらいにあんなにたくさんの方が向こうに渡って絵を描いていたという事実は僕もある意味では初めてで非常にびっくりしたんですよね。 + +03:12.740 --> 03:14.260 +尾端千代という名前はご存知でした? + +03:22.160 --> 03:23.560 +全然知らなかったんですよ。やっぱり非常に印象的で素晴らしい絵を描いていらっしゃるので、なんで今まで知らなかったんだろうと思って非常に自分の不勉強を恥じたという。 + +03:23.560 --> 03:27.120 +I also first met Obata Chura, but he had + +03:27.120 --> 03:28.260 +been drawing pictures to protect his + +03:28.260 --> 03:33.840 +culture and humanity in the camp. Obata + +03:33.840 --> 03:37.060 +Chura was the leader. Obata Chura had a + +03:37.060 --> 03:37.980 +great influence on the American art + +03:37.980 --> 03:41.100 +movement on the West Coast. I went to the + +03:41.100 --> 03:42.640 +West Coast to investigate. I went to the U + +03:42.640 --> 03:42.640 +.S. to interview them. + +03:51.260 --> 03:52.100 +San Francisco, the west coast of the U.S. + +03:53.340 --> 03:54.260 +This town, which had many Japanese + +03:54.260 --> 03:56.580 +immigrants since ancient times, became the + +03:56.580 --> 03:57.360 +stage of the activities of Chihura Obata + +03:57.360 --> 03:57.960 +and his friends. + +04:03.920 --> 04:06.320 +The non-fiction writer Tetsuro Shimojima + +04:06.320 --> 04:08.280 +Shimojima-san has been interviewing + +04:08.280 --> 04:10.960 +Japanese painters of the Shuyo-jo for more + +04:10.960 --> 04:13.760 +than 10 years. Shimojima-san says that he + +04:13.760 --> 04:13.760 +discovered something unexpected in the + +04:13.760 --> 04:13.800 +life of the Shuyo-jo while visiting the + +04:13.800 --> 04:14.840 +Shuyo-jo many times and listening to the + +04:14.840 --> 04:15.380 +people involved. + +04:21.220 --> 04:22.080 +下の話を聞くうちに収容所の生活に意外な側面があったことを発見したと下島さんは言います。 + +04:30.260 --> 04:31.660 +4年間という長い収容所生活が絵のために非常に充実し、 + +04:37.940 --> 04:39.340 +そしてむしろ楽しんだというようなことをおっしゃる人が多数いらっしゃるんですね。 + +04:39.340 --> 04:47.860 +収容所時代が充実していたと。 そうですね。 I was surprised and + +04:47.860 --> 04:54.160 +surprised to find that I met a painter + +04:54.160 --> 04:58.720 +called Chihura Obata about three years + +04:58.720 --> 04:58.720 +ago. + +05:20.820 --> 05:24.260 +日本画家小畑千浦は1903年、明治36年にアメリカに渡りました。 Sumiei-ya + +05:24.260 --> 05:26.620 +Suisai-ga-de Nishi-kaigan-no-Bijitsukai-no + +05:26.620 --> 05:29.360 +-Chumoku-o-Atsume, Nochi-ni California-Dai + +05:29.360 --> 05:31.400 +-gaku Barclay-ko-no-Kyo-ju-ni-Batteki-sa + +05:31.400 --> 05:31.860 +-remashita. + +05:36.340 --> 05:38.800 +Obata Chiura-ga-nakunaru-made-sunde-ita + +05:38.800 --> 05:40.400 +Barclay-no-ie-wo-tazure-mashita. + +05:43.180 --> 05:45.860 +Hello! Konnichiwa! + +05:48.320 --> 05:52.580 +Nice to see you again! Og O'Bata-san, Ojo + +05:52.580 --> 05:54.840 +-san, Yuri-san. Yuri-san. Joroshiku + +05:54.840 --> 05:56.580 +onegaishimasu. Sakurai desu, Najimichi. + +05:57.640 --> 05:58.880 +Joroshiku onegaishimasu, Sakurai desu, + +05:58.880 --> 05:59.560 +Najimichi. Joroshiku onegaishimasu, + +05:59.740 --> 06:00.560 +Sakurai desu, Najimichi. Please come in. + +06:01.780 --> 06:05.700 +Ega demo arimasu ka? Hai. Aremo so desu + +06:05.700 --> 06:09.840 +ka? So, papa ga kakimashita. Magnolia to + +06:09.840 --> 06:13.360 +Blue Jay. Magnolia. Mokuren no hana. So, + +06:13.360 --> 06:19.520 +so. Nante, Tori totemo suki datta kaku no. + +06:20.500 --> 06:25.200 +Shiji kakimashita. Atelier wa arimasen + +06:25.200 --> 06:28.040 +deshita. Itsumo kazoku ni kakomarete, + +06:28.040 --> 06:30.580 +dining room de e wo kaiti ita toigetodesu. + +06:31.820 --> 06:36.680 +Koko ga ja atelier gawari de. Dokoni + +06:36.680 --> 06:38.240 +suwatta kaiti deshita? Kocchi suwatte, + +06:38.400 --> 06:43.500 +window ga minna akete. E, tottemu suki + +06:43.500 --> 06:45.420 +datta koko de yaru no. He. + +06:48.420 --> 06:50.560 +Donna fuu ni shite kaite rashitan deshou + +06:50.560 --> 06:54.520 +ne? Omoite rashimasu ka? Sou, papa wa + +06:54.520 --> 06:56.960 +baseball tottemu suki datta. Yakyuu ga. + +06:57.020 --> 07:01.760 +Sou, dakara radio koko mimi ni irete, kou + +07:01.760 --> 07:06.300 +yate kaite. Kikinagara? Sou, toki-toki + +07:06.300 --> 07:09.080 +Giants ga makeuta, aaa te okotte. I + +07:09.080 --> 07:11.940 +thought I was a little too much. I thought + +07:11.940 --> 07:13.340 +you were going to write a poem, but it + +07:13.340 --> 07:15.900 +didn't work. That's what happened. + +07:21.660 --> 07:26.000 +Chura Obata was born in 1885, in the year + +07:26.000 --> 07:27.740 +of 18, in Okayama. + +07:34.840 --> 07:36.680 +His real name is Zoro Sato. + +07:41.140 --> 07:42.540 +千代に住む兄六一の養子になりました。 + +07:48.260 --> 07:49.660 +千代七歳の時の絵です。 + +07:57.260 --> 07:58.660 +元々絵の得意だった千代は、日本画家だった六一の影響を受け、自らも画家になることを決意します。 + +08:03.000 --> 08:05.920 +Chura, who was taught by Rokuichi, was + +08:05.920 --> 08:07.980 +only 17 years old when he won the Japanese + +08:07.980 --> 08:10.700 +Art Museum's Grand Prize, and won the + +08:10.700 --> 08:14.840 +first prize. However, the following year, + +08:14.900 --> 08:16.400 +he suddenly went to the United States. + +08:21.860 --> 08:24.940 +The world is wide, and there are tens of + +08:24.940 --> 08:25.980 +millions of people. + +08:54.560 --> 08:55.960 +人たちがいます。 + +08:58.220 --> 08:59.620 +地浦の書であると言わせる策を成して帰ります。 + +09:15.100 --> 09:16.500 +アメリカに渡った地浦はスクールボーイをしたり、 + +09:19.020 --> 09:20.420 +日経新聞のイラストを描いて生活を始めます。 + +09:30.260 --> 09:30.960 +渡米して9年目、27歳の時に描いた千浦書記の代表作です。 + +09:41.680 --> 09:43.080 +大地に立つおゆうしい少女は、結婚して間もない新妻、春子です。 + +09:51.220 --> 09:52.620 +薄草とした杉木立ち。 + +09:58.980 --> 10:00.380 +太い幹や枝の一本一本が炭の濃淡によって巧みにかき分けられています。 + +10:13.960 --> 10:15.360 +足元には大地から生命を受けた小さな草が群生し、花を結んでいます。 + +10:25.400 --> 10:26.540 +Haruko's expectations and concerns, which + +10:26.540 --> 10:27.500 +had already taken a new life, + +10:30.330 --> 10:30.980 +are symbolically depicted in the + +10:30.980 --> 10:34.620 +transparent air at dawn. 象徴的に描かれています。 + +10:46.880 --> 10:48.280 +母なる大地を描くことによって、 + +10:50.200 --> 10:53.600 +アメリカでの日本画の新境地を開いた千浦は、 創作意欲をかきたてられ、 + +10:56.480 --> 10:57.880 +次々と新しいテーマを求めて旅を重ねます。 + +11:00.940 --> 11:02.340 +膨大な作品が地下の倉庫に残っていました。 + +11:05.700 --> 11:07.340 +Yosemite Valley Where did you draw that + +11:07.340 --> 11:09.400 +painting? Yes, this is a painting that was + +11:09.400 --> 11:13.100 +done in Yosemite Valley in 1938, right + +11:13.100 --> 11:14.840 +before the war. You were drawing Yosemite? + +11:15.820 --> 11:19.140 +Right. Grandpa used to go to the valley + +11:19.140 --> 11:21.440 +every summer for camping. Oh, every + +11:21.440 --> 11:23.620 +summer. And sketching and painting and of + +11:23.620 --> 11:27.200 +course fishing. Of course fishing. That + +11:27.200 --> 11:27.820 +was before the war. + +11:48.440 --> 11:50.200 +A storm that strikes the national park of + +11:50.200 --> 11:50.960 +Yosemite. + +11:56.640 --> 11:57.500 +It is a dynamic depiction of the dramatic + +11:57.500 --> 11:58.480 +changes of nature. + +12:30.200 --> 12:31.600 +1927年尾端千浦はカリフォルニア大学バークレー校の美術教授ワースライダーとともに寄せ見てを訪れました。そして2ヶ月にわたってキャンプ生活をしながら寄せ見ての大自然を描きました。 + +12:38.580 --> 12:40.860 +At that time, Yosemite was a + +12:40.860 --> 12:43.060 +representative monument in the United + +12:43.060 --> 12:44.260 +States, and was painted by many painters. + +12:52.000 --> 12:53.220 +However, Yosemite, painted by Japanese + +12:53.220 --> 12:56.540 +painter Obata Chiura, made the Americans + +12:56.540 --> 12:56.600 +feel the appearance of Yosemite that had + +12:56.600 --> 12:58.280 +never been seen before. + +13:01.920 --> 13:04.440 +Chihura's Yosemite series has further + +13:04.440 --> 13:05.000 +enhanced his reputation. + +13:28.280 --> 13:31.260 +Monterey, very beautiful area. And grandpa + +13:31.260 --> 13:34.900 +enjoyed painting the ocean and the scenery + +13:34.900 --> 13:38.220 +there. Monterey's coast. Monterey to the + +13:38.220 --> 13:42.860 +south. Matsu is in the middle, and it's + +13:42.860 --> 13:47.460 +very Japanese. Yes. Chiura has grown up in + +13:47.460 --> 13:50.660 +Sendai since he was five years old. I + +13:50.660 --> 13:53.340 +think there's a scene of Matsushima Bay in + +13:53.340 --> 13:55.500 +the corner of his head. I think the + +13:55.500 --> 13:58.400 +scenery remains, but the name Shura was + +13:58.400 --> 13:59.960 +also taken from Matsushima Bay. + +14:03.860 --> 14:06.780 +So you were looking for such a scenery. I + +14:06.780 --> 14:10.640 +always had it in my head, and I think I + +14:10.640 --> 14:13.200 +wandered through California in the United + +14:13.200 --> 14:13.420 +States. I think I was lost. + +14:21.680 --> 14:23.760 +The famous school in the United States, + +14:23.760 --> 14:25.660 +the University of California, Berkeley. + +14:28.680 --> 14:29.960 +Obata Chura, who returned from Yosemite, + +14:29.960 --> 14:32.200 +was invited as a Japanese artist of this + +14:32.200 --> 14:32.200 +university. + +14:43.240 --> 14:44.640 +雨をかきたいならば雨に打たれよ。 + +14:47.040 --> 14:48.440 +風をかきたいならば風に吹かれよ。 + +14:52.240 --> 14:53.640 +そして何千もの心のレンズを通して書きなさい。 + +15:00.280 --> 15:01.680 +中羅の講義は学生たちの絶大なる支持を受けました。 + +15:30.700 --> 15:33.820 +OVATA CHIURA K幾 moga engelska tannt + +15:33.820 --> 15:36.200 +atrevet으니까 Laughteriere atlyaltisvina + +15:36.200 --> 15:41.240 +Fogwa? Sure, Aristok sperm'angi In + +15:41.240 --> 15:47.180 +California + +15:47.180 --> 15:57.180 +fyska + +15:57.180 --> 16:00.680 +etn 보시 gila Denne farben heter Tjurablu. + +16:09.860 --> 16:12.080 +Kino-ji har skrevet med iwainogu. + +16:18.320 --> 16:21.420 +Tjurablu har skrevet med iwainogu. + +16:21.420 --> 16:22.200 +Tjurablu har skrevet med iwainogu. + +16:22.880 --> 16:23.540 +Tjurablu har skrevet med iwainogu. + +16:44.420 --> 16:58.800 +Teksting av Nicolai + +16:58.800 --> 16:58.840 +Winther + +17:15.020 --> 17:28.840 +Teksting av Nicolai + +17:28.840 --> 17:28.880 +Winther + +17:49.060 --> 17:50.460 +千と色彩で躍動的な女性たちを描き出しています。 + +18:07.660 --> 18:09.060 +1930年代アメリカでは新しい美術の動きが出ていましたこの作品にも当時のアメリカ中小表現主義の影響が伺えます + +18:37.600 --> 18:43.440 +Obata Chiura I'm sorry. + +19:05.820 --> 19:07.220 +1941年太平洋戦争が始まる直前に書かれた地滑り + +19:26.980 --> 19:28.380 +日系人たちの不安が表現されています。 + +19:52.900 --> 19:54.300 +1942年2月ルーズベルト大統領令によって西海岸の日系人およそ12万人が適正外国人として強制収容されることになりました尾端中良も家族とともにサンフランシスコの南のタンホランにある仮収容所に入れられます + +19:55.240 --> 19:56.260 +Do you remember the day you got together + +19:56.260 --> 20:01.340 +at the meeting place of the Tampere? Yes, + +20:01.340 --> 20:05.380 +I remember. It was raining that day, and I + +20:05.380 --> 20:09.740 +was very sad. I took a bus to the Bay + +20:09.740 --> 20:14.260 +Bridge and came to Tampere. I put my horse + +20:14.260 --> 20:19.960 +in the stable. The old horse? I was + +20:19.960 --> 20:23.000 +thirteen at that time, so I loved horses + +20:23.000 --> 20:27.060 +very much. I was happy to be able to enter + +20:27.060 --> 20:27.140 +the stable. + +20:31.740 --> 20:37.680 +Were you happy? Yes. Mama was so + +20:37.680 --> 20:43.580 +disappointed. There was an army bed, a + +20:43.580 --> 20:48.540 +mattress with straws. Mama sat there and + +20:48.540 --> 20:52.160 +cried. Mama was a person who never cried. + +20:52.840 --> 20:56.160 +She was very strong. I was surprised and + +20:56.160 --> 20:57.440 +asked her why she was crying. I heard it. + +20:58.120 --> 21:00.000 +I was so sad to hear that I was living + +21:00.000 --> 21:00.420 +with my mother. + +21:04.180 --> 21:06.700 +I never thought about it. + +21:11.040 --> 21:18.220 +I often said that the sea was mud. I said + +21:18.220 --> 21:22.200 +it was ridiculous. I was taken by the mud, + +21:22.200 --> 21:24.400 +and I finally rolled into the horse shed. + +21:45.120 --> 21:46.520 +日本語遠く離れ、異郷の地で永遠と築いてきたものすべてを失ってしまった日系人たち。 + +21:54.560 --> 21:55.360 +絶望の淵に追いやられた姿を見て、尾端千浦は美術学校の開設を思い立ちます。 + +22:01.420 --> 22:02.120 +開校は収容されてから25日目のことです。 + +22:14.160 --> 22:15.560 +長年住み慣れし都を離れ、浮草の境遇と似たる生活に入ったのでありますが、 + +22:34.640 --> 22:36.040 +若き人、幼き人の先行きを思うとき明日に希望を捨てることはできません来る日の準備をすべく今、一日一日を新たなる希望を持っていかなくてはいけません以上の趣旨でここにタンフォーラン美術学校を設立いたします + +22:47.640 --> 22:51.640 +日系人の誇りをもって生きよう。 勇気をもとう。 + +22:56.120 --> 22:57.520 +尾端中良の呼びかけは大きな共感を呼び、 + +23:00.580 --> 23:01.980 +やがて生徒は数百人にも上りました。 + +23:16.220 --> 23:20.340 +Meketre, 6-year-old, ojisan, obasan, minna + +23:20.340 --> 23:23.600 +ki mastya kakko ni. Yorokonde minna ki + +23:23.600 --> 23:27.400 +mastya. Haite sugu warito dekita nesu. + +23:27.480 --> 23:32.340 +Sou, tomodachi, Berkeley no professor and + +23:32.340 --> 23:39.040 +students ni tanonde kami to enogu to fude + +23:39.040 --> 23:42.540 +naka minna okutte chodai te tanomi mastya. + +23:45.580 --> 23:46.980 +みんな友達集めて持ってきましたよ。 + +23:48.620 --> 23:50.020 +それで始めました。 + +23:53.520 --> 23:54.920 +全米に本格的な収容所が完成すると、 + +23:56.980 --> 23:58.380 +日系人たちは各地へ移送されていきます。 + +24:03.340 --> 24:04.740 +1942年9月、尾端千浦は家族とともに + +24:07.520 --> 24:08.380 +豊洲の砂漠地帯のトパーズ収容所へ送られました。 + +24:10.740 --> 24:12.140 +千浦はここにも美術学校を作ったのです。 + +24:15.520 --> 24:16.920 +私の目の前のこの有志鉄線 + +24:19.480 --> 24:20.880 +この有志鉄線が収容所の鉄線です + +24:22.560 --> 24:23.960 +50年前の鉄線が今も残っていました + +24:27.880 --> 24:32.140 +この鉄線のこちら側が収容所の敷地で 広大なこの砂漠の中に + +24:32.140 --> 24:37.220 +バラックが立ち並んでいたんです 本当に何にもないんですが + +24:38.640 --> 24:40.040 +遥か彼方向にトパーズさん + +24:44.480 --> 24:45.880 +今度はトパーズ収容所の名前の由来となったトパーズさんが見えるだけなんですね。 + +24:53.600 --> 24:54.400 +今私が立っているこの辺りに美術学校があったということなんです。 + +25:10.800 --> 25:12.200 +砂漠地帯の真ん中に建てられた収容所には、バラック以外何もなく、 + +25:17.440 --> 25:18.840 +日系人たちは生活に必要なものすべてを自分たちの手で作らなければなりませんでした。 + +25:24.500 --> 25:25.900 +昼は灼熱の太陽が照りつけ、夜は凍てつく寒さが襲います。 + +25:31.740 --> 25:32.440 +一度砂嵐が吹き始めると、一週間もの間吹き荒れました。 + +25:39.740 --> 25:41.140 +バラックの中では隙間から侵入する細かい砂との戦いが一日中続きました。 + +26:10.360 --> 26:17.840 +Teksting av Nicolai + +26:17.840 --> 26:17.880 +Winther + +26:33.200 --> 26:34.600 +屋根もなく、電燈もなく、ストーブもなく、 + +26:38.400 --> 26:39.800 +土凍る高原の夜の寒さ肌を刺す。 + +26:43.820 --> 26:45.220 +屋具も足らず、みぞれふる鉄椒。 + +26:53.680 --> 26:55.080 +七人連れの囚われの旅に心身共に疲れ果てたるサンタアナ寄りの人々 + +27:06.100 --> 27:09.460 +I was very disappointed. I entered a very + +27:09.460 --> 27:12.560 +big place. There was nothing. There was no + +27:12.560 --> 27:18.180 +tree. I cried hard. Gammatte naita. Daka + +27:18.180 --> 27:21.380 +papa, dooshite mo yama no hon ni minasai. + +27:21.480 --> 27:25.780 +Me wa ati no hon ni minasai. Kirei na + +27:25.780 --> 27:30.280 +sunset, sunrise ga ala. Dooshite mo nature + +27:30.280 --> 27:35.620 +ga yoku surute. Shizenga. Gammatte. + +27:37.200 --> 27:40.180 +Spirit, jibun no kimochi ga yoku narte. + +27:41.280 --> 27:42.460 +Susume mashita. + +27:46.020 --> 27:48.360 +Obata Chiura was convinced that looking at + +27:48.360 --> 27:52.820 +the beauty of nature leads to hope for + +27:52.820 --> 27:52.820 +tomorrow. + +27:58.980 --> 28:01.800 +The water tower, the symbol of the camp, + +28:01.800 --> 28:04.640 +and the clouds dyed in the sunset. 雲や雲。 + +28:11.760 --> 28:13.160 +過酷な条件の中で、千浦の美術学校に込めた思いが感じられる作品です。 + +28:34.860 --> 28:39.200 +Topaz Art School opened several art + +28:39.200 --> 28:40.020 +exhibitions before the end of the war. + +28:42.320 --> 28:46.240 +From Tampo Land to Topaz, there were + +28:46.240 --> 28:47.980 +friends who supported the art school + +28:47.980 --> 28:48.200 +started by Obata Chura. + +29:04.460 --> 29:05.860 +日系二世のミネ・オークボー。 + +29:09.000 --> 29:10.400 +カリフォルニア大学バークレー校の美術学生だった彼女は、 + +29:14.000 --> 29:15.400 +タンホラン美術学校ではチューラと共に教師として参加しました。 + +29:32.760 --> 29:35.280 +Mine Okubo Mine Okubo is a work of art + +29:35.280 --> 29:36.740 +that depicts the world of despair and + +29:36.740 --> 29:38.200 +suffering using wood. + +29:49.440 --> 29:51.400 +Hibi Hisako draws the life of a + +29:51.400 --> 29:51.860 +housekeeper in detail from her mother's + +29:51.860 --> 29:56.400 +point of view. 中心から収容所の中の生活を細やかに描いています。 + +30:15.620 --> 30:17.020 +トッパーズ農場の収穫物 + +30:30.660 --> 30:32.060 +作品の裏には砂漠の荒野で果物と野菜を育て、届けてくれたトパーズの日本人農民に捧げると書かれています。 + +30:45.260 --> 30:46.660 +日比久子の夫、日比松桜の作品には小用手が度々登場します。 + +31:07.900 --> 31:09.300 +Candy + +31:17.280 --> 31:18.680 +自由の象徴でもあります。 + +31:24.960 --> 31:26.360 +日比松三郎は尾端千浦にとって + +31:28.080 --> 31:29.480 +渡米して間もない頃からの親友でした。 + +31:33.260 --> 31:37.060 +丹波蘭からトパーズへと美術学校を運営していく上で 欠かせない協力者でした。 + +31:43.180 --> 31:47.920 +丹波蘭の美術学校を創立する時も Chiyura consults with them + +31:47.920 --> 31:52.380 +daily. With their cooperation, the art + +31:52.380 --> 31:53.700 +school is built. + +31:56.360 --> 31:58.380 +They are worried about whether the + +31:58.380 --> 32:01.280 +students will come. They are worried about + +32:01.280 --> 32:03.720 +whether the students will come. On the + +32:03.720 --> 32:06.660 +opening day, it was a big storm and it was + +32:06.660 --> 32:12.060 +raining cold. On the opening day, it was a + +32:12.060 --> 32:13.000 +big storm and it was raining cold. + +32:42.660 --> 32:44.280 +妻 SHEING P الس般 I think it was a very + +32:44.280 --> 32:44.580 +passionate feeling. + +32:51.080 --> 32:54.020 +The men who draw pictures in the twilight + +32:54.020 --> 32:57.360 +of Topaz. The joy of being able to draw in + +32:57.360 --> 33:01.840 +the Yushitesu line appears in the back. + +33:23.280 --> 33:24.680 +トパーズ美術学校で日比松三郎に絵の手ほどきを受けた人が今も健在でした。 + +33:35.260 --> 33:36.660 +ダン・ハラダさん72歳。日系2世として19歳の時に収容されました。 + +33:41.660 --> 33:43.420 +Harada-san was instructed to put a canvas + +33:43.420 --> 33:47.060 +on Hibi Matsusaburo, and he began to draw. + +33:54.840 --> 34:00.540 +The test for the neutralization of America + +34:00.540 --> 34:02.140 +in 1943 changed his fate. Harada's life + +34:02.140 --> 34:05.240 +changed. The question was, can you deny + +34:05.240 --> 34:08.480 +the loyalty to the emperor? If you receive + +34:08.480 --> 34:09.840 +an order, do you have the will to fight as + +34:09.840 --> 34:14.300 +an American soldier? Harada answered these + +34:14.300 --> 34:18.540 +questions with no. Because of that, Harada + +34:18.540 --> 34:19.320 +was sent to the camp of Tool Lake, where + +34:19.320 --> 34:19.720 +only Japanese people with anti-American + +34:19.720 --> 34:21.700 +feelings were gathered. + +34:40.780 --> 34:46.340 +Barak, a painting + +34:46.340 --> 34:49.800 +by Mr. Harada, is a black shadow + +34:49.800 --> 34:52.480 +that wraps around the barrack. It + +34:52.480 --> 34:54.460 +represents Mr. Harada's feelings at the + +34:54.460 --> 34:54.460 +time. + +35:01.140 --> 35:03.540 +Harada-san is walking in the camp at + +35:03.540 --> 35:05.620 +night, and he says that it looked as if + +35:05.620 --> 35:09.220 +the barracks were lonely and looked like + +35:09.220 --> 35:12.200 +themselves. 自分たちのようだったと語っています。 + +35:23.120 --> 35:24.520 +秦さんにとって収容所時代というのは人生の中でどんな意味を持つのでしょうか? + +35:28.400 --> 35:36.140 +非常に今でも非常に Nante imasu ka, kokoro + +35:36.140 --> 35:39.780 +no naka ni, hitosu no kizu demo arimasu + +35:39.780 --> 35:42.700 +kedo, sore to douji ni, watashi ni totte + +35:42.700 --> 35:46.720 +wa ijou ni kreative na, eio kakuge de + +35:46.720 --> 35:52.680 +kreative na, jujitsu + +35:52.680 --> 35:54.420 +shita shidai deshita. + +35:59.120 --> 36:02.940 +The four years of the school were days of + +36:02.940 --> 36:03.520 +humiliation for the Nikkei people. + +36:07.380 --> 36:10.640 +But the art school was a source of life, + +36:10.680 --> 36:11.960 +no doubt. + +36:18.740 --> 36:23.260 +August 14, 1945, Japan time, August 15, + +36:24.420 --> 36:29.500 +Hibi Matsusaburo left a painting on the + +36:29.500 --> 36:29.500 +day of the final battle. + +36:34.160 --> 36:35.860 +There is a man who is wandering around + +36:35.860 --> 36:37.540 +Kobe in the west of his homeland. + +36:55.700 --> 36:57.100 +廃墟 + +37:05.500 --> 37:06.200 +尾端千浦が広島に落とされた原爆のニュースを聞いて描いた作品です。 + +37:22.700 --> 37:25.300 +尾端千浦はこの絵を最後に、戦争にまつわる絵は二度と描きませんでした。 zombie + +37:25.300 --> 37:45.180 +врем + +37:50.500 --> 37:51.900 +戦後なんですが、尾端千代は大学に復職しまして、 + +37:54.160 --> 37:55.560 +バークレー校の名誉教授を務めた後、退職するんですね。 + +38:02.240 --> 38:03.640 +その後は文化の架け橋としてアメリカに日本の文化を紹介するということに人生を捧げたんですね。 + +38:06.640 --> 38:08.040 +文化の架け橋ということでいうと、たくさんの画家たちがアメリカに渡って、 + +38:09.460 --> 38:13.500 +国と国との間の文化を結ぼうとするわけですけど、 国と国との戦争という運命によって + +38:13.500 --> 38:15.700 +強制収容所内が入れられてしまうと + +38:19.040 --> 38:20.440 +そこで大端千浦と日比松浦という人がやった + +38:22.940 --> 38:25.400 +非常に大きな動きですよね 美術学校を作るという + +38:29.080 --> 38:31.760 +それは非常に力強いものになっていたという意味では 貴重だったときがするんですよ + +38:31.760 --> 38:35.700 +生活的に言うと 段原田さんが書いたりとか 美濃大久保さんが書いたりとか + +38:35.700 --> 38:38.860 +ああいうくらいのところだったと思うんですけど それを何とかして変えていこうという + +38:38.860 --> 38:42.140 +その意思みたいなものは 非常に貴重だなって気がしますね。 + +38:42.140 --> 38:47.940 +それにしても、トパーズのね、 京成終業時の後に行ったんですけど、 本当に猛烈な風で、 + +38:49.720 --> 38:52.440 +あの日ちょうど気温が38度でしてね、 もうちょっとこういるだけで、 + +38:54.360 --> 38:55.760 +日差しが本当に強くて、ジリジリ痛いくらいなんですよね。 + +38:58.180 --> 39:02.200 +で、あれだけの過酷な厳しい条件の中でも、 絶望しないで絵を描き続けたと、 + +39:03.600 --> 39:08.560 +非常に強靭な精神力ですかね、 それを思うんですが、 でも一方で、絵を見ますと、 + +39:12.240 --> 39:13.640 +非常にその透明感がある、伸びやかな絵も非常に多いんですよね。 + +39:18.140 --> 39:19.540 +透明感というものがですね、本当に京成修行の中でもね、 + +39:22.160 --> 39:23.560 +ある種の高い志と言いましょうか、 + +39:26.400 --> 39:27.800 +志を表すものなのかな、そういう思いをして描いてきたんですけれどもね。 + +39:31.240 --> 39:32.640 +尾形千代の絵の特質というのは、やはりその大胆で軽やかなところだと思うんですよね。 + +39:34.080 --> 39:35.480 +それがあってこそ、やっぱりその母なる大地のようなところで、 + +39:35.480 --> 39:38.000 +緻密なそういう日本画の技法があるんですが、 + +39:40.860 --> 39:42.260 +でも、それを遥かに超えて、心情までも表すような、 + +39:42.260 --> 39:43.660 +抽象表現主義のような形というものがあって、 + +39:47.440 --> 39:48.840 +その軽やかさが、やっぱりそういう意味でいうと、 + +39:48.840 --> 39:50.240 +希望をもたらすというか、そういう感じがあったんだろうなという気がしますね。 + +39:56.400 --> 39:57.800 +その象徴的な色がチューラブルーですか、真っ青な、 + +39:57.800 --> 39:59.200 +本当カリフォルニアの青と、チューラブルー。本当に印象的でしたけれどもね。 + +40:14.460 --> 40:15.860 +オワタチューラの作品は日本で初公開ですが、その中羅の作品多数を含めますアメリカに生きた日系人画家たちの展覧会、10月1日までですが、東京都の庭園美術館で開かれています。 + +40:19.560 --> 40:20.960 +その後、大分と広島でも開かれる予定になっています。 + +40:57.780 --> 40:59.180 +Undertexter av Nicolai Winther + +41:27.340 --> 41:28.800 +Undertexter av Nicolai Winther + +41:57.300 --> 41:58.800 +Undertexter av Nicolai Winther + +42:27.300 --> 42:28.800 +Undertexter av Nicolai Winther + +42:57.320 --> 42:58.800 +Undertexter av Nicolai Winther + +43:13.040 --> 43:28.660 +Undertexter av Nicolai + +43:28.660 --> 43:28.800 +Winther + +43:57.320 --> 43:58.800 +Undertexter av + +44:27.340 --> 44:28.800 +Undertexter av + +44:57.320 --> 44:58.780 +Undertexter av Nicolai Winther + +45:27.320 --> 45:28.780 +Undertexter av + +45:57.320 --> 45:58.800 +Undertexter av + +46:27.300 --> 46:28.780 +Undertexter av + +46:57.320 --> 46:58.800 +Undertexter av + +47:27.320 --> 47:28.800 +Undertexter av + +47:57.320 --> 47:58.800 +Undertexter av + +48:27.320 --> 48:28.800 +Undertexter av Nicolai Winther + +48:57.320 --> 48:58.800 +Undertexter av Nicolai Winther + +49:10.780 --> 49:13.420 +M driver hits the floor. + +49:16.860 --> 49:17.420 +Ohh! + +49:22.920 --> 49:25.320 +многedd velder Please take a closer look. + +49:29.440 --> 49:32.660 +When you touch the switch... + +49:36.500 --> 49:39.900 +The heart... It becomes like this. That's + +49:39.900 --> 49:40.220 +the title of the game. + +49:48.360 --> 49:51.180 +This time, it's a self-destruction. It's + +49:51.180 --> 49:53.740 +interesting. It's interesting. I think the + +49:53.740 --> 49:56.980 +robot is waiting for someone. It's saying + +49:56.980 --> 49:59.520 +it's irritated. It's stepping on the + +49:59.520 --> 50:02.900 +ground. It looks like it's stepping on a + +50:02.900 --> 50:06.800 +tap. It feels very humorous. + +50:36.860 --> 50:37.560 +作品は機械を取り入れることによって動きを生み出している作品です。 + +50:43.460 --> 50:44.860 +生物を思わせる人質的な動きは、SLDを除く蒸気機関によるものです。 + +50:45.780 --> 50:47.520 +Nanamimata doishu no takuhin wa说 + +50:47.520 --> 50:50.900 +上記やお盛りといった saikino dewa oda miruko de ni + +50:50.900 --> 51:14.320 +kihome + +51:14.320 --> 51:18.260 +ta Duos, haritнакомe sko. Idet 써, + +51:18.360 --> 51:21.860 +forinatisig帔ithiais Always-to-Be. + +51:25.780 --> 51:31.200 +разбaktt pål gettin som er b theCUBE sound + +51:33.760 --> 51:34.840 +Unver antioxidant, kayию Проío … + +51:40.880 --> 51:44.320 +A eleven barrel brinecychлён du + +51:44.320 --> 51:45.760 +spontaneous jum Nerdонд주고 som kan regna + +51:45.760 --> 51:51.100 +van vra 만큼 utukes jega stille. Det셨, eit + +51:51.100 --> 51:51.980 +gemaakt anld atmosfé 64 eit fogsj + +51:51.980 --> 51:56.600 +inflation erindert … S classified in New + +51:56.600 --> 52:00.480 +Zealand + +52:00.480 --> 52:00.840 +Studies , + +52:28.920 --> 52:30.780 +Undertexter av + +52:58.920 --> 53:00.820 +Undertexter av + +53:28.920 --> 53:30.460 +Undertexter av + +53:59.900 --> 54:00.820 +Undertexter av + +54:28.920 --> 54:30.820 +Undertexter av + +54:59.960 --> 55:00.820 +Undertexter av + +55:30.000 --> 55:30.740 +Undertexter av + +55:58.920 --> 56:00.820 +Undertexter av + +56:28.920 --> 56:30.820 +Undertexter av + +56:58.920 --> 57:00.820 +Undertexter av + +57:28.920 --> 57:30.760 +Undertexter av + +57:58.900 --> 58:00.820 +Undertekster av Ai-Media + +58:28.900 --> 58:30.600 +Undertexter av + +58:58.920 --> 59:00.780 +Undertexter av + +59:28.920 --> 59:30.820 +Undertekster av Ai-Media + +59:58.920 --> 01:00:00.780 +Undertexter av + +01:00:03.660 --> 01:00:13.980 +Undertexter av Nicolai + +01:00:13.980 --> 01:00:14.020 +Winther + diff --git a/docs/baseline/bw689yg2740_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/bw689yg2740_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7a7d22 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/bw689yg2740_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,4763 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:01.980 --> 00:04.220 +The person who's going to say the blessing + +00:04.220 --> 00:07.820 +is Benny Shendo, who is the director of + +00:07.820 --> 00:09.900 +our American Indian program here at + +00:09.900 --> 00:12.780 +Stanford, and he's Hamas. + +00:16.200 --> 00:18.480 +I'm going to say the opening prayer in my + +00:18.480 --> 00:22.020 +own language. So also, as I say the + +00:22.020 --> 00:23.520 +prayer, you can say your own prayer as + +00:23.520 --> 00:23.680 +well. + +00:53.680 --> 00:57.480 +I feel that the people who are here today, + +00:58.460 --> 01:01.240 +they cannot go to the other side of the + +01:01.240 --> 01:03.700 +world, and they cannot go to the other + +01:03.700 --> 01:06.600 +side of the world, and they cannot go to + +01:06.600 --> 01:07.900 +the other side of the world, and they + +01:07.900 --> 01:09.120 +cannot go to the other side of the world, + +01:09.120 --> 01:13.760 +and they cannot go to the other side of + +01:13.760 --> 01:18.120 +the world, and they cannot + +01:18.120 --> 01:24.020 +go to the other side of the world, . + +01:41.560 --> 01:44.400 +OK. I guess we're going to go ahead and + +01:44.400 --> 01:46.540 +get started. So everyone can be seated. + +01:46.540 --> 01:52.780 +AND FIND + +01:52.780 --> 01:53.220 +A SEAT. + +02:20.820 --> 02:25.100 +Okay, just to, we want to welcome you to + +02:25.100 --> 02:27.060 +Stanford University, everyone who's come + +02:27.060 --> 02:30.000 +from other universities. My name is Rania + +02:30.000 --> 02:34.400 +Ramirez. I'm a part of SNAG, which is + +02:34.400 --> 02:37.320 +Stanford Native American Graduate Group, + +02:37.320 --> 02:42.240 +and we helped put put this conference + +02:42.240 --> 02:47.020 +together or this forum together. We just + +02:47.020 --> 02:49.640 +want to say that this is supposed to be + +02:49.640 --> 02:52.820 +like a conversation. The way it's going to + +02:52.820 --> 02:56.960 +work is each person who is going to talk + +02:56.960 --> 02:59.240 +about their work is going to come and sit + +02:59.240 --> 03:01.620 +at this point in the table, mainly because + +03:01.620 --> 03:03.980 +we are videotaping the event. + +03:07.520 --> 03:10.260 +And we'll present for about 10 minutes. + +03:10.260 --> 03:13.860 +and then the rest of the time will be for + +03:13.860 --> 03:17.200 +basically a conversation just to talk + +03:17.200 --> 03:19.600 +about you know the issues that were + +03:19.600 --> 03:24.260 +brought up in the presentation maybe some + +03:24.260 --> 03:27.120 +similar experiences we've had doing doing + +03:27.120 --> 03:31.400 +research just you know very informal you + +03:31.400 --> 03:33.320 +know we want people to feel comfortable + +03:33.320 --> 03:38.760 +and just just really enjoy the day. We're + +03:38.760 --> 03:42.680 +going to start out with Benny Shendo who's + +03:42.680 --> 03:44.880 +going to come up and say a few words and + +03:44.880 --> 03:48.040 +then after Benny Shendo will be Jim + +03:48.040 --> 03:51.880 +Larimore who used to be the director of + +03:51.880 --> 03:53.980 +our American Indian program office but is + +03:53.980 --> 03:57.220 +now the acting dean of students here at + +03:57.220 --> 03:57.560 +the university. + +04:04.140 --> 04:08.620 +Again, I'd just like to welcome all of you + +04:08.620 --> 04:14.540 +to the second annual research forum. As + +04:14.540 --> 04:16.620 +Rania mentioned, I'm the Assistant Dean of + +04:16.620 --> 04:18.260 +Students and also Director of our American + +04:18.260 --> 04:21.980 +Indian program. I'm new to Stanford. I've + +04:21.980 --> 04:25.600 +been here for going on my seventh month, + +04:25.720 --> 04:29.360 +but it's been really good. When Gil + +04:29.360 --> 04:32.660 +mentioned this forum last year, they had + +04:32.660 --> 04:35.620 +their first annual, it really got me + +04:35.620 --> 04:37.040 +excited because it was one of the things + +04:37.040 --> 04:39.280 +that we really wanted to do is, you know, + +04:39.280 --> 04:41.640 +what are some of our students doing in + +04:41.640 --> 04:44.020 +terms of scholarship and work that affect + +04:44.020 --> 04:47.120 +Native communities. So we talked about it + +04:47.120 --> 04:49.360 +and we began to brainstorm it. We did it + +04:49.360 --> 04:51.280 +last year, it was very informal, and it + +04:51.280 --> 04:53.180 +was a wonderful experience. We wanted to + +04:53.180 --> 04:54.780 +keep it that way. We wanted it to be a + +04:54.780 --> 04:59.460 +conversation, a discussion, so that we + +04:59.460 --> 05:03.560 +could really get a lot out of it. So we + +05:03.560 --> 05:07.320 +planned it, and Renia has been very, both + +05:07.320 --> 05:08.900 +Renia and Gail have been very instrumental + +05:09.260 --> 05:13.040 +in making this happen again. So I'd just + +05:13.040 --> 05:15.040 +like to welcome all of you on behalf of + +05:15.040 --> 05:16.600 +our American Indian and Alaska Native + +05:16.600 --> 05:19.000 +program at Stanford. So I hope you enjoy + +05:19.000 --> 05:21.160 +your day. Jim? + +05:26.440 --> 05:29.380 +I guess this is kind of an unusual thing + +05:29.380 --> 05:30.660 +for me because, as Renia mentioned, I've + +05:30.660 --> 05:34.460 +been kind of changing my professional + +05:34.460 --> 05:36.800 +identities around Stanford for the last + +05:36.800 --> 05:40.100 +year or so and have made a series of + +05:40.100 --> 05:42.520 +shifts. And the shifts that have come have + +05:42.520 --> 05:45.000 +been after serving for nine years as the + +05:45.000 --> 05:46.360 +director for the American Indian program, + +05:46.960 --> 05:50.040 +making a break and starting full-time as a + +05:50.040 --> 05:51.260 +doctoral student over in the School of + +05:51.260 --> 05:53.440 +Education in higher ed and administration + +05:53.440 --> 05:56.260 +and policy analysis last fall. And after + +05:56.260 --> 05:58.920 +six months of being a student, taking a + +05:58.920 --> 06:00.840 +leave and stepping in as the acting dean + +06:00.840 --> 06:03.200 +of students here, and after my first week + +06:03.200 --> 06:04.900 +on the job, which was just this past week, + +06:05.000 --> 06:06.020 +I can't tell you how much I'm looking + +06:06.020 --> 06:07.340 +forward to going back to being a student + +06:07.340 --> 06:11.300 +again in September and just getting much + +06:11.300 --> 06:13.800 +more in touch with classroom life, with + +06:13.800 --> 06:17.440 +research and with a chance to really focus + +06:17.440 --> 06:20.420 +on thinking hard about things, on kind of + +06:20.420 --> 06:22.400 +how things are, how they got that way, and + +06:22.400 --> 06:25.380 +maybe how they could be. And so this is, + +06:25.400 --> 06:28.580 +for me, a little bit of a homecoming in + +06:28.580 --> 06:31.940 +being back involved with the community + +06:32.880 --> 06:35.680 +after trying to maintain a little bit of + +06:35.680 --> 06:37.960 +distance to help my own transition this + +06:37.960 --> 06:40.660 +year. And so it's a real kind of honor and + +06:40.660 --> 06:42.600 +a pleasure to be among all the folks that + +06:42.600 --> 06:45.500 +are here this morning. I spoke yesterday + +06:45.500 --> 06:47.760 +afternoon with Condoleezza Rice, our + +06:47.760 --> 06:50.300 +university provost, and it was then that + +06:50.300 --> 06:52.060 +she informed me that she had a scheduling + +06:52.060 --> 06:54.060 +conflict that had come up with a gathering + +06:54.060 --> 06:57.220 +up in San Francisco. And so Condi asked me + +06:57.220 --> 06:59.580 +if I would extend a welcome on behalf of + +06:59.580 --> 07:01.800 +the university to folks that have traveled + +07:01.800 --> 07:04.680 +from other schools, other places here in + +07:04.680 --> 07:07.040 +California and elsewhere to be with us + +07:07.040 --> 07:10.120 +today. and and so I hope that it looks + +07:10.120 --> 07:12.000 +from looking out behind the camera and out + +07:12.000 --> 07:14.260 +the window that that this may be the kind + +07:14.260 --> 07:15.920 +of Stanford weather and Northern + +07:15.920 --> 07:18.340 +California weather that we're accustomed + +07:18.340 --> 07:20.480 +to here and so I hope that the + +07:20.480 --> 07:22.560 +surroundings will be pleasant and in + +07:22.560 --> 07:24.500 +supportive of the kind of thinking and + +07:24.500 --> 07:26.420 +talking that you all want to try and do + +07:26.420 --> 07:30.600 +today as as Benny was it was doing his + +07:30.600 --> 07:33.520 +opening prayer for this this gathering + +07:33.520 --> 07:37.080 +this morning it reminded me of how how + +07:37.080 --> 07:39.900 +important it is that as people gather that + +07:39.900 --> 07:41.780 +we pray, and as we pray that we pray for + +07:41.780 --> 07:44.260 +wisdom, among other things. And that the + +07:44.260 --> 07:46.980 +wisdom that we seek is in order to make + +07:46.980 --> 07:49.520 +life better for those around us, to make + +07:49.520 --> 07:52.420 +life better for those among us, and also + +07:52.420 --> 07:54.100 +to try and make life better for those yet + +07:54.100 --> 07:57.400 +to come. And I think that, for me, + +07:57.440 --> 07:59.420 +represents the spirit of what American + +07:59.420 --> 08:01.580 +Indian and Alaska Native research is + +08:01.580 --> 08:05.020 +about. We have been researchers and + +08:05.020 --> 08:08.240 +scholars for thousands of years and it may + +08:08.240 --> 08:10.000 +not have been things that have been + +08:10.000 --> 08:11.680 +written down and recorded in the forms + +08:11.680 --> 08:14.340 +that universities are used to. But I think + +08:14.340 --> 08:16.420 +you can find no better example of + +08:16.420 --> 08:19.080 +scholarship and humane scholarship than + +08:19.080 --> 08:20.580 +the kind of knowledge that exists within + +08:20.580 --> 08:21.920 +our communities, the kind of knowledge + +08:21.920 --> 08:24.320 +that people are about working with and + +08:24.320 --> 08:28.200 +creating and passing on. And so I want to + +08:28.200 --> 08:32.800 +say, again, on behalf of myself and for + +08:32.800 --> 08:35.060 +the university, that this is an important + +08:35.060 --> 08:37.460 +gathering and that this marks, I think, a + +08:37.460 --> 08:39.820 +real turning point for the way that we can + +08:39.820 --> 08:41.420 +support each other and the way that we can + +08:41.420 --> 08:44.060 +support students and support faculty, + +08:44.280 --> 08:46.600 +tenured and otherwise, in the pursuits and + +08:46.600 --> 08:48.820 +the kinds of pressures that they face in + +08:48.820 --> 08:53.320 +their lives. As people go through the day, + +08:53.520 --> 08:58.220 +what I would like to suggest or offer as a + +08:58.220 --> 09:00.040 +way of thinking about this is that people + +09:00.040 --> 09:02.940 +realize that this is a time, some of you + +09:02.940 --> 09:04.220 +may have met each other, you may have come + +09:04.220 --> 09:05.800 +with friends from other campuses, but this + +09:05.800 --> 09:07.600 +is a real opportunity to get to know + +09:07.600 --> 09:09.740 +people that you may come in contact with + +09:09.740 --> 09:12.700 +on an infrequent basis, people that you + +09:12.700 --> 09:14.900 +may not see until maybe during Powell + +09:14.900 --> 09:16.360 +season, and you'll see folks around + +09:16.360 --> 09:18.540 +different places, faces that you might + +09:18.540 --> 09:20.140 +recognize in different parts of the + +09:20.140 --> 09:21.860 +country at different meetings or community + +09:21.860 --> 09:24.220 +gatherings. And so I hope that during the + +09:24.220 --> 09:26.220 +day you'll take the opportunity to get to + +09:26.220 --> 09:29.240 +know some folks that may not be from where + +09:29.240 --> 09:31.840 +you're from and get a chance to help + +09:31.840 --> 09:34.200 +establish a tighter community base for all + +09:34.200 --> 09:37.140 +of us that way. I would also like to + +09:37.140 --> 09:38.900 +suggest that maybe there are a few + +09:38.900 --> 09:41.200 +different ways to think about how this + +09:41.200 --> 09:43.340 +gathering is situated and what this + +09:43.340 --> 09:46.080 +represents because I think it's important + +09:46.080 --> 09:48.820 +to be able to look at this assembly of + +09:48.820 --> 09:50.540 +people and to look back at how this + +09:50.540 --> 09:52.660 +connects with our past. And to think about + +09:52.660 --> 09:54.160 +how this connects you with previous + +09:54.160 --> 09:56.900 +generations within your own tribe, within + +09:56.900 --> 09:58.720 +your own communities, within the campus + +09:58.720 --> 10:00.520 +communities that you're a part of, within + +10:00.520 --> 10:02.660 +the whole idea of knowledge and what that + +10:02.660 --> 10:05.260 +represents for our communities. And so as + +10:05.260 --> 10:08.840 +you're here and as you're hopefully going + +10:08.840 --> 10:10.040 +through some of the excitement about + +10:10.040 --> 10:12.120 +thinking about things that people are + +10:12.120 --> 10:13.360 +going to present, you'll be able to feel + +10:13.360 --> 10:14.680 +some connection with those that have been + +10:14.680 --> 10:17.120 +here before you. I also hope that you'll + +10:17.120 --> 10:18.920 +feel a sense of that connection with the + +10:18.920 --> 10:20.940 +people that are here with you today, and + +10:20.940 --> 10:22.960 +that as you listen to people and engage in + +10:22.960 --> 10:24.740 +some discussions with each other, that + +10:24.740 --> 10:27.520 +you'll be able to do that in a friendly, + +10:27.740 --> 10:30.280 +cooperative, but even challenging way with + +10:30.280 --> 10:31.960 +each other, and to really help push each + +10:31.960 --> 10:34.740 +other to the best and the hardest thinking + +10:34.740 --> 10:37.160 +that you can do about things. And finally, + +10:37.360 --> 10:40.340 +which kind of brings me back to my old + +10:40.340 --> 10:44.140 +life, being, I think, more involved on a + +10:44.140 --> 10:46.540 +regular basis with the community here, I + +10:46.540 --> 10:48.800 +really hope that you'll carry some things + +10:48.800 --> 10:50.720 +away from this weekend that are going to + +10:50.720 --> 10:52.640 +help you within your own communities and + +10:52.640 --> 10:53.940 +especially that are going to help you + +10:53.940 --> 10:55.740 +reach out to one more person, one more + +10:55.740 --> 10:58.660 +student, whether they're a very young kid, + +10:58.760 --> 11:01.160 +whether they're in elementary school or + +11:01.160 --> 11:03.020 +junior high or high school, or maybe a + +11:03.020 --> 11:04.340 +college student on your own campus. + +11:04.520 --> 11:06.360 +Because the ultimate measure of how + +11:06.360 --> 11:09.360 +successful we are is going to be how much + +11:09.360 --> 11:11.320 +we're able to do to bring more people + +11:11.320 --> 11:13.480 +along with us. And so the knowledge, the + +11:13.480 --> 11:15.780 +kind of energy that you pick up today, I + +11:15.780 --> 11:17.680 +hope sustains you in your own activities, + +11:17.880 --> 11:21.000 +but I hope also helps you in your work as + +11:21.000 --> 11:22.900 +a community leader, as someone who has + +11:22.900 --> 11:25.940 +influence, as someone whose actions and + +11:25.940 --> 11:28.400 +thoughts and words carry a great deal of + +11:28.400 --> 11:30.420 +power. And so with that, I just want to + +11:30.420 --> 11:32.600 +say thanks to all of you for making the + +11:32.600 --> 11:35.820 +trip here early on a Saturday morning when + +11:35.820 --> 11:38.060 +I know that you've all been no doubt + +11:38.060 --> 11:39.720 +working hard on other things and we're + +11:39.720 --> 11:41.480 +getting up early this morning. It may not + +11:41.480 --> 11:43.860 +have been kind of what your original + +11:43.860 --> 11:46.620 +intention had been some time ago. We're + +11:46.620 --> 11:50.020 +just glad to have you here. And one final + +11:50.020 --> 11:52.080 +thing for, I guess I'll pass this along to + +11:52.080 --> 11:54.620 +Raina, is as the day goes on, you may find + +11:54.620 --> 11:56.360 +that you're in need of a break or + +11:56.360 --> 11:58.900 +something a little bit different. And so + +11:58.900 --> 12:01.520 +given that this is research, and I think + +12:01.520 --> 12:03.740 +sometimes people have fairly defined, + +12:03.880 --> 12:06.440 +rigid conceptions of research, I wanted to + +12:06.440 --> 12:08.700 +bring along a piece of poetry that was + +12:08.700 --> 12:10.800 +written by an Osage writer and poet named + +12:10.800 --> 12:13.860 +Dwayne Big Eagle, who has a poem entitled + +12:13.860 --> 12:15.720 +My Grandfather Was a Quantum Physicist + +12:15.720 --> 12:18.420 +that some of you may be familiar with. And + +12:18.420 --> 12:20.160 +so if there's a break and you need + +12:20.160 --> 12:23.140 +something a little kind of interesting and + +12:23.140 --> 12:25.580 +scholarly in a different way, I hope that + +12:25.580 --> 12:26.920 +this might be a benefit to you as well. + +12:28.660 --> 12:30.360 +Anyway, that's it. That's as long-winded + +12:30.360 --> 12:31.680 +as I can get speaking for me and the + +12:31.680 --> 12:35.100 +provost. Anyway, welcome. I'm glad that + +12:35.100 --> 12:38.920 +you're all here. Thanks, Jim. + +12:42.580 --> 12:45.880 +What we wanted to do also is if the + +12:45.880 --> 12:48.380 +professors who brought students, if they + +12:48.380 --> 12:50.460 +could introduce their students, you know, + +12:50.480 --> 12:52.660 +their name and their field and all that + +12:52.660 --> 12:56.400 +kind of thing. So we're going to go ahead + +12:56.400 --> 12:58.020 +and get started. + +13:00.740 --> 13:04.940 +So I'm going to let the professor from + +13:04.940 --> 13:08.360 +James here do the introductions. + +13:11.440 --> 13:12.660 +I just want to move up here a little. + +13:15.800 --> 13:18.260 +Let me just stand up for a minute so I can + +13:18.260 --> 13:19.240 +see everybody. + +13:22.600 --> 13:26.220 +I'm very glad to be here again. This year, + +13:26.280 --> 13:28.620 +I'm kind of reflecting, as we begin this + +13:28.620 --> 13:30.920 +day, on what we did last year. And it + +13:30.920 --> 13:33.540 +occurs to me that we've doubled in several + +13:33.540 --> 13:36.180 +ways. We've doubled in terms of the number + +13:36.180 --> 13:37.660 +of schools that are represented here. I + +13:37.660 --> 13:39.260 +think last year, it was just Stanford and + +13:39.260 --> 13:41.560 +UC Santa Cruz. and this year we've got + +13:41.560 --> 13:43.540 +people from Mills College and UC Berkeley + +13:43.540 --> 13:46.100 +is here too, is that right? So we're up to + +13:46.100 --> 13:47.680 +four schools in this area. That's + +13:47.680 --> 13:50.220 +exciting. We've doubled in the size of the + +13:50.220 --> 13:53.500 +room. That's always encouraging. We + +13:53.500 --> 13:55.440 +wouldn't have had enough room if we'd been + +13:55.440 --> 13:58.460 +back in that old space. And I've noticed, + +13:58.540 --> 14:00.120 +too, that we've doubled in the amount that + +14:00.120 --> 14:01.920 +Gil Ramirez is eating so far. + +14:05.980 --> 14:09.180 +I owed you one there. + +14:12.520 --> 14:15.800 +I had heard a lot of good things over the + +14:15.800 --> 14:17.280 +years about Jim Larimore, and it's been + +14:17.280 --> 14:20.500 +really nice to get a chance to meet him + +14:20.500 --> 14:22.540 +here this morning. And I feel like I've + +14:22.540 --> 14:25.460 +learned some things already. Although I'd + +14:25.460 --> 14:26.920 +heard what a wonderful person he was, I + +14:26.920 --> 14:28.360 +didn't realize how wise and knowledgeable + +14:28.360 --> 14:29.720 +he is because he said everything that I + +14:29.720 --> 14:32.340 +wanted to say. So I know he must be wise + +14:32.340 --> 14:36.420 +and knowledgeable. He said a lot of good + +14:36.420 --> 14:38.920 +things for us to keep in mind, and I don't + +14:38.920 --> 14:42.900 +have too much, nor should I really add to + +14:42.900 --> 14:45.000 +what he said. I do think this is an + +14:45.000 --> 14:47.520 +unusual event. I think that each one of us + +14:47.520 --> 14:51.220 +can think back in our own lives in + +14:51.220 --> 14:53.440 +whatever stage of the educational process + +14:53.440 --> 14:56.160 +that we may be in, and I mean the kind of + +14:56.160 --> 14:58.980 +restricted institutional formal kind of + +14:58.980 --> 15:01.140 +education that most of us in this room are + +15:01.140 --> 15:02.800 +involved in in one way or another. There's + +15:02.800 --> 15:04.980 +other kinds of education, other kinds of + +15:04.980 --> 15:08.280 +knowledge that maybe aren't as widely + +15:08.280 --> 15:10.560 +recognized as such by a lot of people as + +15:10.560 --> 15:12.660 +Jim has suggested. But certainly we can + +15:12.660 --> 15:14.300 +all think about our experiences in the + +15:14.300 --> 15:17.080 +educational institutions and realize that + +15:17.080 --> 15:19.040 +an event like this is a pretty unusual + +15:19.040 --> 15:21.620 +occurrence, or we can just come together + +15:21.620 --> 15:25.640 +in what has appropriately been called a + +15:25.640 --> 15:27.400 +research forum for American Indians, + +15:27.400 --> 15:33.220 +without having to defend the legitimacy of + +15:33.220 --> 15:36.280 +the kinds of concerns and questions and + +15:36.280 --> 15:39.420 +topics that we are concerned with before + +15:39.420 --> 15:42.120 +any kind of wider audience. So we can come + +15:42.120 --> 15:44.740 +together and talk to each other. That + +15:44.740 --> 15:46.360 +doesn't mean we all think alike. It + +15:46.360 --> 15:47.500 +doesn't mean that we all are going to + +15:47.500 --> 15:49.380 +approach any given issue in the same way. + +15:49.380 --> 15:51.940 +But that we can really come into this room + +15:51.940 --> 15:55.900 +and this space with a sense of community, + +15:56.260 --> 15:59.900 +of mutual understanding and respect and + +15:59.900 --> 16:01.200 +concern and have a meaningful + +16:01.200 --> 16:03.960 +conversation. We can say some things, talk + +16:03.960 --> 16:09.480 +about our own specific projects and also + +16:09.480 --> 16:11.040 +have a chance to learn from each other. + +16:11.040 --> 16:13.980 +Now I think one of the real ways in which + +16:13.980 --> 16:16.880 +the educational system fails us is when it + +16:16.880 --> 16:18.800 +creates a competitive environment that + +16:18.800 --> 16:21.780 +says that your worth is dependent on your + +16:21.780 --> 16:24.560 +GPA or the comments that the teacher + +16:24.560 --> 16:27.880 +writes on your paper or how you compare + +16:27.880 --> 16:32.080 +with other people. We know, I think, from + +16:32.080 --> 16:34.080 +a variety of different kinds of + +16:34.080 --> 16:36.560 +backgrounds that that kind of basis for + +16:36.560 --> 16:40.580 +human worth is not real solid. It actually + +16:40.580 --> 16:43.200 +contributes to a lot of the kinds of + +16:43.200 --> 16:45.440 +problems that we see in our society and in + +16:45.440 --> 16:48.340 +our own lives. So I would just kind of + +16:48.340 --> 16:50.620 +call that to our attention this morning, + +16:50.680 --> 16:52.860 +that we can kind of come to this with a + +16:52.860 --> 16:54.280 +different frame of mind, with a different + +16:54.280 --> 16:56.920 +understanding about what a human being is + +16:56.920 --> 16:58.880 +and what the importance of human + +16:58.880 --> 17:00.820 +creativity is. That doesn't mean that we + +17:00.820 --> 17:02.900 +can't challenge each other, that we can't + +17:02.900 --> 17:05.660 +push each other to think about issues in + +17:05.660 --> 17:07.220 +ways that we haven't looked at. I know I + +17:07.220 --> 17:10.240 +want to be challenged. I'm unfortunately + +17:10.240 --> 17:11.820 +not going to be here for the whole day. + +17:11.920 --> 17:15.000 +I'm going to Duluth, Minnesota, where I'm + +17:15.000 --> 17:16.600 +going to participate in the Tribal + +17:16.600 --> 17:18.880 +Colleges Consortium Annual Conference, + +17:19.060 --> 17:20.540 +something I've been looking forward to + +17:20.540 --> 17:23.980 +very well and for quite a long time and + +17:23.980 --> 17:26.360 +I'm going to be giving a kind of a + +17:26.360 --> 17:28.840 +workshop not really a I'm not going to + +17:28.840 --> 17:30.580 +make a presentation so much as a workshop + +17:30.580 --> 17:32.160 +on some things that I've been working on + +17:32.160 --> 17:34.260 +in Santa Cruz and mainly not because I + +17:34.260 --> 17:35.760 +think I have something to teach them but + +17:35.760 --> 17:37.640 +because I want to hear what they have to + +17:37.640 --> 17:39.640 +say to me from the tribal college context + +17:39.640 --> 17:43.080 +you know what we do at UC Santa Cruz so I + +17:43.080 --> 17:45.180 +think all of us can benefit from those + +17:45.180 --> 17:48.800 +kinds of feedback and and critique but + +17:48.800 --> 17:50.700 +that there's a way in which we can do that + +17:50.700 --> 17:53.280 +that builds builds us up as a community + +17:53.280 --> 17:55.420 +that builds us up as individuals rather + +17:55.420 --> 17:58.000 +than as in a sense of that well I have to + +17:58.000 --> 18:00.500 +show that I'm sharper than this person or + +18:00.500 --> 18:01.920 +I've thought about this a little more than + +18:01.920 --> 18:03.680 +they have or that there's any kind of a + +18:03.680 --> 18:06.820 +competitive competitive atmosphere you + +18:06.820 --> 18:10.040 +know we're all here for a reason this this + +18:10.040 --> 18:12.660 +forum has been facilitated and organized + +18:12.660 --> 18:16.680 +very very well by Iranian and and Gil + +18:16.680 --> 18:18.980 +Ramirez, and we owe them a lot of thanks. + +18:19.100 --> 18:20.280 +And I hope at the end of the day that + +18:20.280 --> 18:21.960 +you'll, or throughout the day that you'll + +18:21.960 --> 18:24.240 +have a chance to just express your + +18:24.240 --> 18:26.700 +appreciation for their work on this. But + +18:26.700 --> 18:29.240 +they've brought each of you here, you + +18:29.240 --> 18:32.260 +know, for a reason. And so there's nobody + +18:32.260 --> 18:34.840 +here that has to prove that they have a + +18:34.840 --> 18:36.140 +right to be here or that they have + +18:36.140 --> 18:37.860 +something to say. We're all kind of in + +18:37.860 --> 18:41.020 +this together, if you will. So I'm just + +18:41.020 --> 18:44.200 +gonna stop there there and maybe suggest a + +18:44.200 --> 18:48.040 +little bit about process. One of the ways + +18:48.040 --> 18:50.280 +we do have to sort of accommodate to the + +18:50.280 --> 18:52.740 +kinds of rules and regulations we've come + +18:52.740 --> 18:54.420 +to know on the institution has to do with + +18:54.420 --> 18:57.400 +the problem of time. And that is we've got + +18:57.400 --> 18:58.880 +a lot of people with a lot of good things + +18:58.880 --> 19:02.040 +to say here. And I know if we were maybe + +19:02.040 --> 19:05.460 +out at a community event or at an annual + +19:05.460 --> 19:09.660 +pow hour festival of some type, maybe we + +19:09.660 --> 19:11.900 +could put our watches away. way, but for + +19:11.900 --> 19:13.780 +the purposes of getting everyone a chance + +19:13.780 --> 19:15.540 +to speak, we are going to have to monitor + +19:15.540 --> 19:17.780 +the time just a little bit. So I'm going + +19:17.780 --> 19:20.120 +to, at least for the morning, I'll be + +19:20.120 --> 19:21.820 +gone. In the afternoon, you can handle it + +19:21.820 --> 19:24.460 +as you like, but for the morning, I think + +19:24.460 --> 19:26.080 +I'll just sit up here, and I'll probably + +19:26.080 --> 19:27.780 +prompt people when they get to about the + +19:27.780 --> 19:30.460 +10-minute mark with a slip of paper, and + +19:30.460 --> 19:31.880 +then give them about two more minutes just + +19:31.880 --> 19:34.600 +to wrap it up, and then we'll go from + +19:34.600 --> 19:36.360 +there into a time of question and answer, + +19:36.460 --> 19:38.400 +and really be thinking about, you know, + +19:38.400 --> 19:40.480 +engaging and listening listening actively, + +19:40.840 --> 19:42.820 +not just listening passively, but what's + +19:42.820 --> 19:44.780 +really being said and what's significant + +19:44.780 --> 19:46.220 +about what's going on here, and what might + +19:46.220 --> 19:48.220 +you be able to contribute. We'll also try + +19:48.220 --> 19:50.920 +to keep the questions to a fairly short + +19:50.920 --> 19:53.620 +format. If you want to make a speech, talk + +19:53.620 --> 19:55.040 +to Rani and she'll put you on the program. + +19:55.340 --> 19:58.640 +But if you just want to add another angle + +19:58.640 --> 20:00.620 +of thinking about something or ask a + +20:00.620 --> 20:01.940 +question, that would be the appropriate + +20:01.940 --> 20:03.500 +way, and we'll try to get as many people + +20:03.500 --> 20:05.700 +involved in that dialogue as possible. In + +20:05.700 --> 20:06.940 +fact, I was also going to suggest, if + +20:06.940 --> 20:09.840 +there's a couple people in the back tables + +20:09.840 --> 20:12.360 +who want to move up to these two seats in + +20:12.360 --> 20:13.720 +the front here, there's still a couple of + +20:13.720 --> 20:15.740 +open if you want to be part of this closer + +20:15.740 --> 20:19.580 +circle here. I just wanted to add that I + +20:19.580 --> 20:22.100 +asked Robert Warrior if he could help + +20:22.100 --> 20:25.180 +facilitate the question and answer. So if + +20:25.180 --> 20:28.120 +you want to say something, just kind of + +20:28.120 --> 20:30.540 +look at Robert and maybe just make a sign + +20:30.540 --> 20:32.740 +or something, and then he can kind of help + +20:32.740 --> 20:34.780 +with that. Do you want to move up here? + +20:34.880 --> 20:35.020 +Yeah. + +20:42.340 --> 20:45.460 +Anybody else that wants to just make a + +20:45.460 --> 20:47.380 +comment before we get going here, or a + +20:47.380 --> 20:50.020 +response of any type to the opening + +20:50.020 --> 20:52.040 +comments? The other thing I wanted to do, + +20:52.100 --> 20:58.300 +just before we began, is which I wanted to + +20:58.300 --> 20:59.620 +go around the room and make sure everyone + +20:59.620 --> 21:02.100 +just said their name, their tribe, and + +21:02.100 --> 21:06.360 +their school. Cool. So I don't know. Maybe + +21:06.360 --> 21:15.140 +start back here. Clay, . Ojibwe. Jim , + +21:15.140 --> 21:17.400 +still from Stanford Convention Center. + +21:18.790 --> 21:23.840 +Lloyd Lee from Stanford. from Stanford. + +21:24.910 --> 21:27.600 +from Stanford. + +21:57.960 --> 22:00.440 +James Treet, Boston, Dallas, San + +22:00.440 --> 22:04.040 +Francisco, Miami, Miami, Miami, UC + +22:04.040 --> 22:07.860 +Berkeley, Tony, Shandong, and Hainesville. + +22:09.140 --> 22:12.020 +Jake DeManico, Bailey, Stockton, Fox, + +22:12.120 --> 22:15.260 +Oklahoma, UC Santa Cruz. Lawrence Tobar, + +22:15.280 --> 22:18.780 +Comanche, Stanford. Terry Greaves, Kiowa, + +22:18.880 --> 22:23.500 +UCSC. And I'm James Treet, Creek, teaching + +22:23.500 --> 22:26.340 +at UC Santa Cruz. So. So, I'm here with + +22:26.340 --> 22:28.660 +Nana Cook and from Stanford. + +22:31.160 --> 22:33.500 +Rainer Maris, Winnebago and Chippewa from + +22:33.500 --> 22:36.800 +Stanford. Melinda Meco, Sunil Creek and + +22:36.800 --> 22:39.680 +Choctaw from Mills College. Jessica A. + +22:39.680 --> 22:43.100 +Navajo, San Luis, New Stanford. Allen + +22:43.100 --> 22:46.460 +Brown, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Colorado, and . + +23:02.840 --> 23:04.960 +I'm Larry Gross from Minnesota Chippewa. + +23:05.680 --> 23:07.380 +Right now I'm at Smith College in + +23:07.380 --> 23:09.540 +Northampton, Massachusetts. I've come a + +23:09.540 --> 23:10.720 +long way for this symposium. + +23:22.580 --> 23:25.280 +Yeah, if at the end of the day you feel + +23:25.280 --> 23:27.500 +like it wasn't good, see Tina about + +23:27.500 --> 23:30.140 +getting your money back. She'll be glad to + +23:30.140 --> 23:31.880 +help you out. Not on the flight, just the + +23:31.880 --> 23:32.380 +registration. + +23:36.160 --> 23:38.040 +Okay, well, let's begin then. Oh, I'm + +23:38.040 --> 23:41.200 +sorry. Yes, Gil? I just wanted to say, for + +23:41.200 --> 23:43.040 +those people that are not from here, kind + +23:43.040 --> 23:44.560 +of some important things, the bathrooms + +23:44.560 --> 23:47.420 +are downstairs. There's a men's bathroom + +23:47.420 --> 23:49.980 +right below here. And the women's bathroom + +23:49.980 --> 23:56.120 +is down the hall. Anyone else? Okay, we'll + +23:56.120 --> 23:58.800 +go ahead and get started then. It's my + +23:58.800 --> 24:01.860 +pleasure to introduce our first presenter + +24:01.860 --> 24:04.500 +from UC Santa Cruz, Terry Greaves' Kiowa. + +24:04.500 --> 24:06.480 +She's listed as history of consciousness, + +24:06.800 --> 24:09.300 +which is sort of wishful thinking on + +24:09.300 --> 24:10.960 +somebody's part, not mine. She's actually + +24:10.960 --> 24:13.100 +in American studies. I wish I could + +24:13.100 --> 24:14.680 +convince her to stick around and be a grad + +24:14.680 --> 24:16.720 +student at ISKCON so I could continue to + +24:16.720 --> 24:18.300 +work with her. But she's a graduating + +24:18.300 --> 24:21.460 +senior. And she's teaching a student + +24:21.460 --> 24:23.500 +-directed seminar this quarter, which is + +24:23.500 --> 24:26.260 +her last quarter, titled Indians, + +24:26.500 --> 24:28.620 +Redskins, Bucks, and Squaws, Images of + +24:28.620 --> 24:30.980 +Indians in American Popular Culture, which + +24:30.980 --> 24:32.880 +just started on Wednesday. She's only had + +24:32.880 --> 24:35.400 +one meeting. She's going to talk to us + +24:35.400 --> 24:37.340 +about her research, which she's been + +24:37.340 --> 24:39.820 +working on for a year or so, that went + +24:39.820 --> 24:41.280 +into the course, and then talk about her + +24:41.280 --> 24:43.020 +course design and some of the things, the + +24:43.020 --> 24:45.420 +kinds of methodological and theoretical + +24:45.420 --> 24:48.000 +issues that that raises. And I think it's + +24:48.000 --> 24:51.260 +a topic that we all can relate to at some + +24:51.260 --> 24:53.720 +level and hopefully will provoke some good + +24:53.720 --> 24:57.580 +discussion that may actually feed into her + +24:57.580 --> 25:02.600 +course too. So, Terri? Well, like you + +25:02.600 --> 25:07.200 +said, I'm teaching this class and, well, I + +25:07.200 --> 25:08.620 +guess I'm going to be a little more + +25:08.620 --> 25:14.860 +autobiographical than theoretical. But the + +25:14.860 --> 25:18.260 +reason why I started this, this class was + +25:18.260 --> 25:20.660 +going to be my thesis. And the reason why + +25:20.660 --> 25:22.460 +I started looking into images of Indians + +25:22.460 --> 25:26.860 +is because my mom owned an Indian arts and + +25:26.860 --> 25:28.940 +crafts store on Wind River Reservation in + +25:28.940 --> 25:34.060 +Wyoming. And my entire life, all the money + +25:34.060 --> 25:37.420 +that we've survived off of has come from + +25:37.420 --> 25:41.300 +selling Indian things and has come from + +25:41.300 --> 25:46.560 +consumers want of those Indian things and + +25:46.560 --> 25:50.540 +that identity. and I remember being a + +25:50.540 --> 25:52.880 +little girl and my mother always used to + +25:52.880 --> 25:55.820 +keep our hair in braids and we used to + +25:55.820 --> 25:57.780 +play in front of the store and the white + +25:57.780 --> 26:00.520 +tourists would ask us for photographs and + +26:00.520 --> 26:02.020 +sometimes they'd give us money for it and + +26:02.020 --> 26:04.780 +sometimes they wouldn't. But we thought it + +26:04.780 --> 26:06.600 +was all fun and good and we'd get like + +26:06.600 --> 26:09.540 +five bucks out of the deal. And basically + +26:09.540 --> 26:11.120 +I guess they would come to the reservation + +26:11.120 --> 26:14.480 +on their way to Yellowstone Park to see + +26:14.480 --> 26:17.320 +Indians and they saw us, which is sort of + +26:17.320 --> 26:19.120 +funny because we're Kiowa and Comanche. + +26:19.280 --> 26:21.720 +We're not Shoshone or Arapaho from the + +26:21.720 --> 26:28.500 +reservation, you know. And so part of what + +26:28.500 --> 26:32.580 +my mother does is she sells herself along + +26:32.580 --> 26:36.620 +with the arts and crafts. She dresses sort + +26:36.620 --> 26:38.000 +of like the old ladies on the reservation + +26:38.000 --> 26:39.840 +dress, and she's always dressed like that + +26:39.840 --> 26:41.260 +from as long as I can remember, like + +26:41.260 --> 26:46.200 +before I was born. and that is one of the + +26:46.200 --> 26:49.700 +biggest selling points to the things that + +26:49.700 --> 26:51.460 +she sells in her store. She's now in Santa + +26:51.460 --> 26:54.560 +Fe. And last summer when I was in Santa Fe + +26:54.560 --> 26:56.040 +visiting, I was hanging out in the store + +26:56.040 --> 26:59.960 +with her and she was standing there and my + +26:59.960 --> 27:03.640 +mother's like, you know, 60 now and she + +27:03.640 --> 27:05.560 +was standing there and this white woman + +27:05.560 --> 27:07.760 +came in and saw her and thought she was + +27:07.760 --> 27:09.540 +just the cutest thing in the world and ran + +27:09.540 --> 27:11.160 +right over to her and grabbed a hold of + +27:11.160 --> 27:12.800 +her braids and sort of yanked on them and + +27:12.800 --> 27:15.020 +said, oh, you're so cute, you're so cute. + +27:15.740 --> 27:19.560 +And I remember looking at that and just + +27:19.560 --> 27:21.640 +being obviously appalled and wanting to + +27:21.640 --> 27:25.220 +hit this woman. But my mom, who deals with + +27:25.220 --> 27:28.020 +this on a daily basis, was very composed + +27:28.020 --> 27:29.780 +and said to her, please don't touch my + +27:29.780 --> 27:32.880 +hair. And I saw over this woman's face a + +27:32.880 --> 27:34.480 +sudden realization that she was dealing + +27:34.480 --> 27:36.940 +with a human being and not a doll, not + +27:36.940 --> 27:39.920 +this cute little Indian woman to be + +27:39.920 --> 27:41.940 +fondled or touched or bought or whatever. + +27:42.580 --> 27:47.840 +And I don't know, so that's what's led me + +27:47.840 --> 27:50.460 +to look into these, to look into what + +27:50.460 --> 27:54.240 +we're seen as and how we create ourselves + +27:54.240 --> 27:56.380 +the way that my mother has created herself + +27:56.380 --> 27:58.400 +because in a way she's brought this upon + +27:58.400 --> 28:01.600 +herself. I mean she could dress like a + +28:01.600 --> 28:04.940 +white person and blend in and she doesn't. + +28:04.940 --> 28:07.140 +She sticks herself out and she does it for + +28:07.140 --> 28:11.720 +survival. And it's more than just survival + +28:11.720 --> 28:16.240 +of money. It's cultural survival also. And + +28:16.240 --> 28:22.440 +so let's see. So I've been working on this + +28:22.440 --> 28:25.700 +research for like almost two years now. + +28:26.000 --> 28:28.200 +And I've come up with this really huge + +28:28.200 --> 28:31.660 +bibliography. Part of it is annotated and + +28:31.660 --> 28:33.980 +part of it is unannotated. The last six + +28:33.980 --> 28:36.620 +pages are unannotated. And it's all + +28:36.620 --> 28:39.600 +information, books, periodicals, articles, + +28:39.860 --> 28:42.360 +films that I've come up with that all deal + +28:42.360 --> 28:45.520 +with this issue in one way or another. And + +28:45.520 --> 28:48.080 +I'd be happy to give this out. I'd really + +28:48.080 --> 28:50.080 +like this information to get out there. I + +28:50.080 --> 28:52.260 +hold no claim to it at all. The more + +28:52.260 --> 28:53.920 +people who look at it and think about it, + +28:53.980 --> 28:56.840 +the better. And the one thing that I found + +28:56.840 --> 28:59.000 +and the way that I structured my course + +28:59.000 --> 29:03.260 +was is there's two approaches to Indian + +29:03.260 --> 29:06.200 +images and Indian identity from the + +29:06.200 --> 29:09.520 +outside. And the first one comes from a + +29:09.520 --> 29:11.660 +white perspective which looks at the + +29:11.660 --> 29:14.020 +images as created by white people and + +29:14.020 --> 29:19.400 +imposed. And then there's in the last, I'd + +29:19.400 --> 29:22.540 +say maybe even ten years, not even that + +29:22.540 --> 29:24.400 +long, there's a whole bunch of Indian + +29:24.400 --> 29:26.640 +research and Indian writing and thinking + +29:26.640 --> 29:33.680 +that sees Indian identity as that we have + +29:33.680 --> 29:35.820 +agency in creating our Indian identity, + +29:35.860 --> 29:37.560 +the way that my mother dresses up and + +29:37.560 --> 29:43.120 +sells herself. yourself. And so, what was + +29:43.120 --> 29:43.700 +I going to say? + +29:48.700 --> 29:50.980 +Oh, one of the films that I'm looking at + +29:50.980 --> 29:54.100 +is by a Hopi filmmaker. His name is Victor + +29:54.100 --> 29:56.140 +Masayeswa. I'm probably totally + +29:56.140 --> 29:58.880 +slaughtering that name. But he did this + +29:58.880 --> 30:01.840 +film called Imagining Indians and it's an + +30:01.840 --> 30:03.820 +excellent film. And it brings up issues + +30:03.820 --> 30:07.540 +that for Native Americans, which is not a + +30:07.540 --> 30:11.700 +lot, most of what I found doesn't bring up + +30:11.700 --> 30:14.760 +those issues for Native Americans and what + +30:14.760 --> 30:18.900 +he writes about or what he what he + +30:18.900 --> 30:21.980 +visually shows is Indians dealing with + +30:21.980 --> 30:25.400 +this this thing of having responsibility + +30:25.400 --> 30:29.760 +for what we allow to be consumed what we + +30:29.760 --> 30:33.480 +allow to be be commodified and one of the + +30:33.480 --> 30:37.720 +things that he talks about is is sacred + +30:37.720 --> 30:39.960 +items that are now for sale or sacred + +30:39.960 --> 30:42.360 +items that have been turned into tourists + +30:42.360 --> 30:45.560 +tourist items like pipe bags or something + +30:45.560 --> 30:51.380 +like that and how we help that we help the + +30:51.380 --> 30:54.880 +we help we help in losing the sacred of + +30:54.880 --> 30:57.700 +our communities by by by doing that, by + +30:57.700 --> 31:00.180 +allowing things to be commodified. And + +31:00.180 --> 31:02.740 +it's something that I personally have a + +31:02.740 --> 31:04.360 +lot of interest in because I'm a + +31:04.360 --> 31:07.000 +beadworker. It's like I haven't had a real + +31:07.000 --> 31:09.900 +job for the last, I don't know, five or + +31:09.900 --> 31:11.780 +six years. And I've made most of my money + +31:11.780 --> 31:14.600 +in the last few years on beadwork. And + +31:14.600 --> 31:19.600 +what I create holds huge implications. + +31:20.780 --> 31:23.560 +What I decide to allow to be sold, the + +31:23.560 --> 31:28.680 +designs I decide to use, it can be + +31:28.680 --> 31:31.640 +extremely appropriative and a really + +31:31.640 --> 31:33.580 +sticky situation the more I think about + +31:33.580 --> 31:39.340 +it. So he talks about, Victor Masayeswa + +31:39.340 --> 31:42.580 +talks about this responsibility that we + +31:42.580 --> 31:44.660 +have as Indian people to our own identity + +31:44.660 --> 31:50.620 +and keeping the sacred sacred and using + +31:50.620 --> 31:55.640 +our good judgment, using not letting money + +31:55.640 --> 31:57.820 +talk all the time. And it's a really + +31:57.820 --> 31:59.680 +difficult lesson for me to learn because + +31:59.680 --> 32:02.860 +I'm poor and I really need the money. But + +32:02.860 --> 32:05.700 +I don't know. + +32:09.420 --> 32:14.660 +Let's see. I don't know like what else to + +32:14.660 --> 32:17.000 +say about this. I'm teaching this class + +32:17.000 --> 32:18.640 +and unfortunately most of the students in + +32:18.640 --> 32:20.920 +my class are white and I don't think that + +32:20.920 --> 32:22.720 +we're going to get into those issues that + +32:22.720 --> 32:25.600 +I would like to get into and they're + +32:25.600 --> 32:28.020 +really issues that maybe only Indians can + +32:28.020 --> 32:29.540 +talk about because it's our identity + +32:29.540 --> 32:33.180 +that's at stake. And we're the ones that + +32:33.180 --> 32:36.360 +need to take control over the theorizing + +32:36.360 --> 32:40.380 +and the writing that's done on who we are + +32:40.380 --> 32:46.480 +and what our image is to the public. And I + +32:46.480 --> 32:49.700 +don't know. I think I'm going to stop + +32:49.700 --> 32:51.420 +there because I could go into, like, + +32:51.420 --> 32:53.640 +greater detail about things, like + +32:53.640 --> 32:55.540 +particulars that I found out about images, + +32:55.660 --> 32:58.380 +but, you know, that might be boring. + +33:01.080 --> 33:04.280 +Thanks, Sherry. Are there questions people + +33:04.280 --> 33:05.200 +have right off the bat? + +33:08.240 --> 33:10.420 +You used two terms in your presentation, + +33:10.660 --> 33:12.780 +sacred and culture. How would you define + +33:12.780 --> 33:14.220 +those terms? Oh, geez. + +33:21.240 --> 33:24.860 +Well, I can only answer personally. I + +33:24.860 --> 33:27.140 +don't know how else to answer, and I can + +33:27.140 --> 33:30.900 +only answer from experience. And identity + +33:30.900 --> 33:35.240 +is such a twisted thing in America, and it + +33:35.240 --> 33:37.740 +has to do with race and for Indians it has + +33:37.740 --> 33:40.920 +to do with blood quantum. And for me, my + +33:40.920 --> 33:44.040 +understanding is I've seen Indians that + +33:44.040 --> 33:45.560 +aren't really Indians, you know what I + +33:45.560 --> 33:46.640 +mean? Blood quantum, they're not + +33:46.640 --> 33:48.260 +recognized and it's the culture that ends + +33:48.260 --> 33:50.200 +up ultimately defining how they're + +33:50.200 --> 33:56.640 +received by their communities. And so in a + +33:56.640 --> 33:59.960 +way I think that culture... Do I sound + +33:59.960 --> 34:01.100 +like an anthropologist? I don't know, + +34:01.140 --> 34:03.900 +maybe I do. But I think that culture + +34:03.900 --> 34:08.760 +really defines a great deal of our + +34:08.760 --> 34:11.240 +identity, obviously. And what was the + +34:11.240 --> 34:12.920 +other term? Sacred. + +34:16.100 --> 34:18.360 +Now that's really sticky. That's like + +34:18.360 --> 34:19.060 +terribly sticky. + +34:23.020 --> 34:27.940 +Well, Well, the way that Victor was using + +34:27.940 --> 34:33.440 +it in this film was those things that are + +34:33.440 --> 34:37.220 +central to our identity. And those things + +34:37.220 --> 34:38.880 +that are central to our identity can be + +34:38.880 --> 34:41.440 +seen as culture. They can also be seen as + +34:41.440 --> 34:44.060 +a form of faith or religion. I don't like + +34:44.060 --> 34:45.620 +the word religion. It seems too + +34:45.620 --> 34:47.640 +institutional. I like the word faith + +34:47.640 --> 34:49.820 +better, because it can come in any form. + +34:49.820 --> 34:52.840 +And I think that they're sacred for all + +34:52.840 --> 34:55.600 +people, not just Indians, obviously. And I + +34:55.600 --> 34:58.280 +don't know, I guess that's how I define + +34:58.280 --> 34:59.620 +it. I don't know if that answered your + +34:59.620 --> 34:59.900 +question. + +35:04.020 --> 35:07.420 +I have a question. When you're teaching in + +35:07.420 --> 35:09.820 +this group, and you're the white students + +35:09.820 --> 35:13.760 +there, are you getting the sense from them + +35:13.760 --> 35:16.080 +that they're reinforcing those ideas is + +35:16.080 --> 35:20.240 +about objectifying Indians as a commercial + +35:20.240 --> 35:22.980 +commodity? Are you trying to undo it? Do + +35:22.980 --> 35:25.400 +you see that coming from them? Are they + +35:25.400 --> 35:27.740 +wanting to take that and again go out and + +35:27.740 --> 35:31.080 +learn enough to again follow that path? + +35:33.000 --> 35:34.840 +I've only had one class meeting, so I + +35:34.840 --> 35:38.200 +can't tell you. I know it's kind of an + +35:38.200 --> 35:41.000 +unfair question. But just even thinking + +35:41.000 --> 35:42.560 +about it, because I always teach in + +35:42.560 --> 35:44.040 +classes that I've heard and I would like + +35:44.040 --> 35:50.440 +to use those two. Yeah. Yeah. Well, you + +35:50.440 --> 35:52.380 +know, my hope is that I won't be + +35:52.380 --> 35:54.720 +reinforcing the stereotypes. And I think + +35:54.720 --> 35:58.340 +that the strategy that I'm going to use is + +35:58.340 --> 36:00.820 +to constantly refer back to myself because + +36:00.820 --> 36:04.060 +I'm a living model, right, standing in + +36:04.060 --> 36:05.880 +front of them, breathing in front of them. + +36:06.060 --> 36:09.400 +And I have these stories. Hopefully they + +36:09.400 --> 36:10.840 +won't get bored by them. But I have all + +36:10.840 --> 36:15.260 +these stories of what, how, I mean my + +36:15.260 --> 36:16.800 +mom's in the art business and the art + +36:16.800 --> 36:18.900 +business is all about identity. It's all + +36:18.900 --> 36:21.540 +about image. I mean image is the first + +36:21.540 --> 36:24.140 +thing that sells. The art comes later. And + +36:24.140 --> 36:27.580 +if I can in some way use my life as an + +36:27.580 --> 36:32.820 +example to show them maybe insights that + +36:32.820 --> 36:35.020 +they're not going to get by reading, you + +36:35.020 --> 36:36.500 +know, there's a really excellent book + +36:36.500 --> 36:37.800 +called The White Man's Indian. I'm sure + +36:37.800 --> 36:40.500 +you know it. at Burkhofer and you can't + +36:40.500 --> 36:42.120 +get that from Burkhofer, you know what I + +36:42.120 --> 36:43.180 +mean? It comes from a different + +36:43.180 --> 36:46.540 +perspective. So I just hope by just + +36:46.540 --> 36:50.260 +physically being there is going to push + +36:50.260 --> 36:54.380 +it, push the issue past those stereotypes. + +36:54.680 --> 36:56.000 +I don't know if it's going to work or not. + +36:56.480 --> 36:58.200 +I've heard all kinds of horror stories + +36:58.200 --> 37:00.460 +about how it doesn't work, so we'll see. + +37:00.840 --> 37:02.360 +Do you want to talk about how your course + +37:02.360 --> 37:04.560 +design addresses this issue as well in + +37:04.560 --> 37:05.760 +terms of the first half and the second + +37:05.760 --> 37:08.500 +half? the films you're using? Yeah, the + +37:08.500 --> 37:15.440 +first half of the course is all work + +37:15.440 --> 37:20.040 +written by non-Indians. And the film, I'm + +37:20.040 --> 37:23.700 +only showing one film, is Thunderheart. + +37:24.060 --> 37:27.140 +And they come from the white perspective. + +37:27.340 --> 37:29.100 +And some of them, it's just some of it's + +37:29.100 --> 37:31.000 +really excellent work. And I really + +37:31.000 --> 37:33.120 +appreciate that. Some of it is very + +37:33.120 --> 37:36.020 +controversial. controversial and I really + +37:36.020 --> 37:38.600 +appreciate that too. And hopefully in the + +37:38.600 --> 37:41.220 +class we can see how controversial and how + +37:42.860 --> 37:45.420 +almost like polar opposite it is from the + +37:45.420 --> 37:49.420 +Indian created writing and analysis, which + +37:49.420 --> 37:51.700 +is the second half of the course. And I'm + +37:51.700 --> 37:55.500 +using three films. They're all films by + +37:55.500 --> 37:57.360 +Indian people. Navajo Talking Pictures, + +37:57.580 --> 37:59.140 +Imagining Indians, and Herald of Orange. + +37:59.380 --> 38:03.200 +And I think I mean, in particular, + +38:03.480 --> 38:06.600 +Imagining Indians and Herald of Orange are + +38:06.600 --> 38:08.900 +like two of, like they, when I watched + +38:08.900 --> 38:10.300 +Imagining Indians for the first time, I + +38:10.300 --> 38:11.940 +was like, yes, this is exactly what I want + +38:11.940 --> 38:13.480 +to try to get across in my course, this + +38:13.480 --> 38:15.700 +film. And if they can understand that film + +38:15.700 --> 38:18.000 +by the end of the class, I'll be really + +38:18.000 --> 38:20.060 +happy. I'll be really happy I'll have + +38:20.060 --> 38:20.460 +succeeded. + +38:24.280 --> 38:29.980 +I think you answered my question. In + +38:29.980 --> 38:32.600 +helping to deal with issues of identity, + +38:33.180 --> 38:35.720 +it seems like you have a couple audiences, + +38:36.040 --> 38:42.080 +one non-Indians as well. And so I was + +38:42.080 --> 38:48.140 +wondering in class how you can, part of + +38:48.140 --> 38:52.420 +that would be the law of the team. I was + +38:52.420 --> 38:55.220 +wondering how you can do that, make that + +38:55.220 --> 38:59.340 +powerful. Right. I think you may have + +38:59.340 --> 39:00.760 +already answered my question. + +39:04.260 --> 39:07.660 +The class is a discussion class. It is not + +39:07.660 --> 39:10.820 +a lecture class. class. I cannot imagine + +39:10.820 --> 39:13.700 +myself lecturing. Like that just seems + +39:13.700 --> 39:18.660 +really foreign to me. So, and the other + +39:18.660 --> 39:19.940 +thing that I have going for me is I'm a + +39:19.940 --> 39:22.400 +student. I'm totally equal level. I don't + +39:22.400 --> 39:24.240 +have an office. I don't have, you know, a + +39:24.240 --> 39:26.400 +super like professors box at the steno + +39:26.400 --> 39:27.920 +pool or whatever. Well, actually that's + +39:27.920 --> 39:32.700 +not true. I do. But anyway, it's like + +39:32.700 --> 39:34.920 +almost a level playing field that I'm + +39:34.920 --> 39:37.200 +coming from that that professors don't + +39:37.200 --> 39:41.240 +have. And I hope that, I mean, when we're + +39:41.240 --> 39:43.340 +out in the real world, isn't that when we + +39:43.340 --> 39:45.260 +connect with another person, when we + +39:45.260 --> 39:47.500 +really connect, it's when we feel like + +39:47.500 --> 39:49.820 +we're on a level playing field, when we + +39:49.820 --> 39:53.220 +can really hear what they're saying. So + +39:53.220 --> 39:54.880 +I'm hoping that that's going to come + +39:54.880 --> 39:58.180 +through. I don't know. We'll see. At the + +39:58.180 --> 39:59.540 +end of the quarter, when I'm not + +39:59.540 --> 40:01.100 +graduating, because my class is a total + +40:01.100 --> 40:04.740 +failure, we'll see. When my students hate + +40:04.740 --> 40:08.760 +my guts. I think I'm taking the hard line. + +40:10.640 --> 40:13.100 +I just wanted to ask you if you have any + +40:13.100 --> 40:16.700 +questions from your experience. If you + +40:16.700 --> 40:19.320 +might want to ask, pose any questions here + +40:19.320 --> 40:21.820 +since we have all kind of different people + +40:21.820 --> 40:26.000 +here in the room with the wide points of + +40:26.000 --> 40:26.200 +view. + +40:34.000 --> 40:36.180 +Well, I don't know. I guess my question + +40:36.180 --> 40:40.880 +would be, I + +40:40.880 --> 40:44.200 +keep coming back to this film by Victor + +40:44.200 --> 40:46.060 +Masayesva, which it just, it's an + +40:46.060 --> 40:48.080 +incredible film and I recommend it to + +40:48.080 --> 40:52.200 +anyone, everyone. everyone. And he shows + +40:52.200 --> 40:58.840 +the scene of these paintings on a rock + +40:58.840 --> 41:03.820 +wall and he's talking about like looking + +41:03.820 --> 41:07.700 +back through time how once we used to make + +41:07.700 --> 41:10.600 +these things for survival, for life, and + +41:10.600 --> 41:12.580 +then somewhere along the line money + +41:12.580 --> 41:14.540 +started to be exchanged for these items. + +41:14.540 --> 41:17.240 +And then somewhere along the line after + +41:17.240 --> 41:20.420 +that we stopped claiming responsibility + +41:20.420 --> 41:24.600 +for that whole process of exchange for + +41:24.600 --> 41:27.560 +survival. Maybe not seeing it or seeing it + +41:27.560 --> 41:29.120 +in the same light or not seeing it in the + +41:29.120 --> 41:35.220 +same light. And I just wonder, like I + +41:35.220 --> 41:37.640 +said, it's a really difficult question for + +41:37.640 --> 41:39.980 +me to deal with. Like my own + +41:39.980 --> 41:43.040 +responsibility to what I do, to the art + +41:43.040 --> 41:47.880 +that I do. And, but + +41:47.880 --> 41:50.340 +at the same instance, I do feel this + +41:50.340 --> 41:52.500 +responsibility to the sacred, whatever the + +41:52.500 --> 41:56.620 +heck that is, I don't know. And I don't + +41:56.620 --> 41:58.660 +know, I guess my question is, what do + +41:58.660 --> 42:03.320 +people think about that? I mean, it's, of + +42:03.320 --> 42:05.380 +course, I think, like, people have always, + +42:05.500 --> 42:07.080 +Indian people have always done that. But + +42:07.080 --> 42:09.160 +to a certain extent, like with the, I can + +42:09.160 --> 42:10.780 +see it in the movie industry better than + +42:10.780 --> 42:16.700 +any other industry, is Indian film stars + +42:16.700 --> 42:18.960 +walking into roles that maybe are not the + +42:18.960 --> 42:21.760 +best roles to be walking into. And doing + +42:21.760 --> 42:25.400 +it for money. And then not liking to hear + +42:25.400 --> 42:27.100 +any criticism of them coming from the + +42:27.100 --> 42:28.660 +Indian community for doing that. And + +42:28.660 --> 42:30.920 +saying, oh well, the Indian community is + +42:30.920 --> 42:32.740 +poor and this is a way that I'm getting + +42:32.740 --> 42:37.060 +out of it. but in a way it compromises our + +42:37.060 --> 42:41.940 +identity. Can I just add something to that + +42:41.940 --> 42:43.660 +based on some conversations that we've had + +42:43.660 --> 42:45.300 +in my office that she hasn't quite said it + +42:45.300 --> 42:47.440 +this way, but I think some of the things + +42:47.440 --> 42:49.760 +that I've learned from Terry in terms of + +42:49.760 --> 42:51.320 +the questions that she's asking that she's + +42:51.320 --> 42:53.820 +posing to the people in this room is that + +42:53.820 --> 42:57.020 +it's one thing for us to stand up and + +42:57.020 --> 42:58.740 +lament the commodification of Indian + +42:58.740 --> 43:00.120 +culture or the inappropriate + +43:00.120 --> 43:04.000 +appropriations + +43:04.000 --> 43:05.320 +committed in the name of New Age + +43:05.320 --> 43:07.780 +spirituality and on down the list. But + +43:07.780 --> 43:09.600 +what happens when we acknowledge that + +43:09.600 --> 43:12.180 +Indian people, both today and in the past, + +43:12.240 --> 43:14.720 +have been active participants? Not all + +43:14.720 --> 43:16.280 +Indian people, but there have been some. + +43:16.620 --> 43:18.000 +What do we do when we acknowledge that + +43:18.000 --> 43:19.460 +Indian people have been participating in + +43:19.460 --> 43:21.080 +that? And the question is not a question + +43:21.080 --> 43:22.860 +of politics. It's not a question of laying + +43:22.860 --> 43:24.860 +blame, so much as it's an intellectual + +43:24.860 --> 43:27.160 +question, which is to ask, what's going on + +43:27.160 --> 43:29.520 +culturally? What's the significance of + +43:29.520 --> 43:31.940 +that? It's not that by acknowledging that + +43:31.940 --> 43:33.400 +Indian people have been participating in + +43:33.400 --> 43:35.640 +it that thereby we can't blame non-Indians + +43:35.640 --> 43:38.240 +for what they're doing. It's an + +43:38.240 --> 43:39.920 +intellectual question, as I understand the + +43:39.920 --> 43:41.460 +way you're approaching it. She's really + +43:41.460 --> 43:42.760 +asking the question, what does this mean + +43:42.760 --> 43:45.020 +for us? What does this mean about Indian + +43:45.020 --> 43:47.780 +culture? What does it tell us? What kinds + +43:47.780 --> 43:50.140 +of questions does it ask? I haven't heard + +43:50.140 --> 43:51.380 +you say it quite that way today, but + +43:51.380 --> 43:52.420 +that's what I've picked up in our + +43:52.420 --> 43:54.580 +conversations as you worked on this + +43:54.580 --> 43:58.080 +research. I'll make a quick comment and + +43:58.080 --> 44:01.120 +then give them to other questions. I think + +44:01.120 --> 44:05.000 +it illustrates to Terry and James that it + +44:05.000 --> 44:08.940 +represents a crisis intellectually, but + +44:08.940 --> 44:10.040 +also at the level of responsibility. + +44:10.320 --> 44:11.480 +There's a moment, I think we've been + +44:11.480 --> 44:15.020 +talking about the same film, of Rodney + +44:15.020 --> 44:17.380 +Grant from Dance with Wolves, making a + +44:17.380 --> 44:19.420 +comment in that film, it's the same one, + +44:19.480 --> 44:23.460 +right? and where Victor poses to him the + +44:23.460 --> 44:25.120 +question about commodifying himself, + +44:25.360 --> 44:27.320 +basically. What roles do you take? Which + +44:27.320 --> 44:30.840 +ones do you not take? And one of the + +44:30.840 --> 44:33.640 +questions is, well, are you going to take + +44:33.640 --> 44:35.600 +responsibility for creating Native + +44:35.600 --> 44:38.020 +American film industry, for films by + +44:38.020 --> 44:40.540 +Native American directors like Victor? + +44:40.740 --> 44:44.020 +Would you take $5,000 to do a film with me + +44:44.020 --> 44:45.740 +instead of $1,000,000 to do a film over + +44:45.740 --> 44:50.260 +here? And Rodney Grant ends up sort of + +44:50.260 --> 44:53.520 +avoiding the question. He doesn't want to + +44:53.520 --> 44:55.900 +talk about it. And there's a way in which + +44:55.900 --> 45:00.180 +that film problematizes for me an + +45:00.180 --> 45:03.180 +avoidance of a real crisis. And why I + +45:03.180 --> 45:04.720 +think it's a really interesting topic to + +45:04.720 --> 45:08.600 +bring up is there's also not among Indian + +45:08.600 --> 45:13.620 +writers enough theorizing about this + +45:13.620 --> 45:15.860 +question of responsibility. because it's a + +45:15.860 --> 45:19.300 +really difficult issue. And teaching is + +45:19.300 --> 45:20.740 +actually one of those places where you + +45:20.740 --> 45:23.140 +have to confront it. And you'll find that + +45:23.140 --> 45:25.000 +out, and everyone here who has taught + +45:25.000 --> 45:28.600 +finds that out as well, where generally + +45:28.600 --> 45:30.660 +you are in situations where you are + +45:30.660 --> 45:33.460 +somehow standing in as a representative of + +45:33.460 --> 45:35.740 +lots and lots of people and lots of points + +45:35.740 --> 45:37.280 +of view. No matter how much you don't want + +45:37.280 --> 45:39.200 +to be, that's the situation you're faced + +45:39.200 --> 45:42.000 +with as a teacher. And so you'll have to + +45:42.000 --> 45:43.620 +confront it at that point. There's a + +45:43.620 --> 45:45.620 +wonderful side of that. There's also a + +45:45.620 --> 45:48.520 +really sticky part of it, too. And I find + +45:48.520 --> 45:50.400 +that those people who really want to + +45:50.400 --> 45:52.120 +embrace that and say, yeah, I want to be + +45:52.120 --> 45:54.620 +that person, that's when you run into + +45:54.620 --> 45:56.540 +problems. If you're too eager to go into + +45:56.540 --> 45:57.540 +that situation and say, yeah, I'll + +45:57.540 --> 46:00.040 +represent the Indian voice to all of these + +46:00.040 --> 46:04.080 +people. So it's a huge issue that will + +46:04.080 --> 46:06.820 +probably come up all day. We'll move on to + +46:06.820 --> 46:07.560 +some other questions. + +46:11.580 --> 46:16.360 +You bring out many deep questions, many + +46:16.360 --> 46:18.860 +deep issues. I'm not sure that I + +46:18.860 --> 46:20.700 +understand everything, but there is one + +46:20.700 --> 46:22.980 +issue that you bring out and really + +46:22.980 --> 46:26.120 +touched me. It's the question of art and + +46:26.120 --> 46:30.080 +money. Because I'm a person who paints, + +46:30.440 --> 46:36.340 +and I use painting to know it more myself, + +46:36.340 --> 46:39.200 +and also to try to come in with other + +46:39.200 --> 46:42.640 +person to share what I know or what I + +46:42.640 --> 46:45.860 +don't know with my art. And you just + +46:45.860 --> 46:49.380 +involve the question of sending because we + +46:49.380 --> 46:52.500 +have to survive. I need to leave the art + +46:52.500 --> 46:55.700 +that I'm doing. And presently, I'm not + +46:55.700 --> 46:58.900 +ready to send my art because I don't know + +46:58.900 --> 47:02.500 +exactly why. And I'm not ready to paint to + +47:02.500 --> 47:05.860 +please the public when they watch because + +47:05.860 --> 47:09.500 +the art for me is something more deep. And + +47:09.500 --> 47:11.160 +I understand a little bit you when you + +47:11.160 --> 47:13.380 +involve this question, but I don't have + +47:13.380 --> 47:16.100 +all the answers. But I just share your + +47:16.100 --> 47:20.960 +fear with this, because in art I think + +47:20.960 --> 47:24.900 +there is something very deep, and it's + +47:24.900 --> 47:27.140 +really personal, but at the same time, I + +47:27.140 --> 47:29.700 +think that there is something universal in + +47:29.700 --> 47:33.540 +art. There is a kind of spirit inside art, + +47:33.540 --> 47:38.380 +art, then with + +47:38.380 --> 47:40.080 +money there is something that I don't + +47:40.080 --> 47:43.280 +understand. That's what I wanted to say. + +47:45.080 --> 47:48.740 +Yeah, my presentation last time, which I + +47:48.740 --> 47:51.180 +will try not to get into, basically dealt + +47:51.180 --> 47:55.360 +with this about Indian art. Because Indian + +47:55.360 --> 47:58.900 +art is really defined in many different + +47:58.900 --> 48:01.740 +ways, and it's defined by time. And + +48:01.740 --> 48:05.000 +antique Indian art is worth way more than + +48:05.000 --> 48:08.260 +Indian art presently made. But then within + +48:08.260 --> 48:10.640 +the presently made Indian art, certain + +48:10.640 --> 48:13.440 +types of art are considered crafts that + +48:13.440 --> 48:15.840 +anybody can do. Bead work, feather work, + +48:16.440 --> 48:18.400 +wood work, anything like that. And then + +48:18.400 --> 48:20.960 +there's another type of art that is + +48:20.960 --> 48:23.820 +considered fine art or high art. Pottery, + +48:23.980 --> 48:28.160 +modern paintings, baskets, like that. and + +48:28.160 --> 48:29.580 +there will be, like if you go into Santa + +48:29.580 --> 48:30.960 +Fe, there's like one whole gallery + +48:30.960 --> 48:32.800 +dedicated just to pots, and they're not + +48:32.800 --> 48:35.260 +old pots. They're pots that are currently + +48:35.260 --> 48:38.580 +made. And my question is, why isn't there + +48:38.580 --> 48:42.120 +a store dedicated also to beadwork? There + +48:42.120 --> 48:47.360 +is, but it's mass-produced beadwork. And I + +48:47.360 --> 48:51.240 +just, I question, like, what's going on + +48:51.240 --> 48:55.040 +there just within the market itself that + +48:55.040 --> 48:58.660 +defines what art is. And there's something + +48:58.660 --> 49:01.240 +coming up on the thing about looking at + +49:01.240 --> 49:04.320 +Indian history and something about terms + +49:04.320 --> 49:07.780 +in Indian history. And I think that part + +49:07.780 --> 49:10.900 +of that, yeah, problematizing the term of + +49:10.900 --> 49:13.060 +traditional culture, because a lot of the + +49:13.060 --> 49:15.880 +modern artwork that's being made by + +49:15.880 --> 49:18.720 +Indians is traditionally based, but maybe + +49:18.720 --> 49:20.400 +not like, you know, beaded tennis shoes or + +49:20.400 --> 49:21.420 +something like that with traditional + +49:21.420 --> 49:23.460 +designs on it. It's like how do you define + +49:23.460 --> 49:25.680 +that and how does the market define that? + +49:26.780 --> 49:29.300 +So we live in, you know, a market-driven + +49:29.300 --> 49:32.620 +economy and in an art is just like any + +49:32.620 --> 49:34.320 +other commodity, so we have to deal with + +49:34.320 --> 49:38.100 +that. Maybe with that we'll let people + +49:38.100 --> 49:39.740 +comment during lunch and during the breaks + +49:39.740 --> 49:42.420 +and things to Terry. I thought that was + +49:42.420 --> 49:46.680 +great, so thank you. Thank you. + +49:50.920 --> 49:53.720 +For those of you who are following along + +49:53.720 --> 49:56.340 +the schedule and correlating it with the + +49:56.340 --> 50:00.200 +watch on the end of your arm, the way + +50:00.200 --> 50:01.260 +we're going to deal with the time, we + +50:01.260 --> 50:02.800 +start at about 15 minutes late, and we're + +50:02.800 --> 50:05.120 +just going to be about 15 minutes behind, + +50:05.200 --> 50:07.120 +and we'll have lunch at about 12.15. So + +50:07.120 --> 50:09.760 +you don't have to get nervous or antsy if + +50:09.760 --> 50:11.540 +we're running still about 10 minutes + +50:11.540 --> 50:14.340 +behind. That's our plan for right now. Our + +50:14.340 --> 50:17.580 +next speaker is Jacob Manitoul Bailey, Sac + +50:17.580 --> 50:21.140 +and Fox. And I wish Jacob were an American + +50:21.140 --> 50:23.480 +Studies major. He's taken a lot of courses + +50:23.480 --> 50:25.540 +in American Studies, but unfortunately he + +50:25.540 --> 50:27.560 +was seduced by the Community Studies Board + +50:28.160 --> 50:30.200 +because they would allow him to do a six + +50:30.200 --> 50:33.740 +-month field internship, and he's going to + +50:33.740 --> 50:38.700 +be going to Oklahoma to work with the Sac + +50:38.700 --> 50:41.620 +and Fox at the end of the spring quarter. + +50:41.620 --> 50:43.520 +Is that right? He won't be back until the + +50:43.520 --> 50:47.420 +first of the year. And he's been involved + +50:47.420 --> 50:50.180 +in a number of projects on campus and one + +50:50.180 --> 50:52.820 +of the most important has to do with the + +50:52.820 --> 50:57.780 +repatriation process at UC Santa Cruz. He + +50:57.780 --> 51:00.980 +has been doing an internship and has + +51:00.980 --> 51:02.920 +learned a great deal about art + +51:02.920 --> 51:04.520 +collections. Probably the second most + +51:04.520 --> 51:06.100 +knowledgeable person on the campus right + +51:06.100 --> 51:09.260 +now about the small collection that we + +51:09.260 --> 51:12.980 +have of Indian remains at UC Santa Cruz, + +51:13.240 --> 51:17.900 +and has also taken it in his own + +51:17.900 --> 51:21.200 +characteristically intellectual way, + +51:21.320 --> 51:24.240 +raising some very broad questions about + +51:24.240 --> 51:29.900 +the relationship, both institutional and + +51:29.900 --> 51:32.260 +intellectual, between the discipline of + +51:32.260 --> 51:33.980 +anthropology and the American Indian + +51:33.980 --> 51:36.460 +community, and so has a number of + +51:36.460 --> 51:38.180 +interesting points to raise. and he's + +51:38.180 --> 51:40.600 +going to talk about the whole repatriation + +51:40.600 --> 51:45.360 +situation at UCSC. Jacob? Well, I might + +51:45.360 --> 51:46.840 +get that far. I'm not sure yet. + +51:49.860 --> 51:53.840 +One of my nicknames for Terry is Boss, and + +51:53.840 --> 51:56.640 +I tell you that because I'm going to be + +51:56.640 --> 52:00.120 +following a lot of what she said and what + +52:00.120 --> 52:02.740 +I want to discuss today. day. And + +52:02.740 --> 52:05.820 +repatriation + +52:05.820 --> 52:10.240 +as it has been defined stands for, and + +52:10.240 --> 52:12.980 +this is a legal definition, the return of + +52:12.980 --> 52:16.220 +sacred objects, human remains, + +52:16.560 --> 52:20.240 +unassociated funerary goods, and items of + +52:20.240 --> 52:22.800 +of cultural patrimony to American Indian + +52:22.800 --> 52:23.300 +nations. + +52:27.840 --> 52:31.080 +And repatriation currently is largely + +52:31.720 --> 52:33.780 +discussed within the terms and defined + +52:33.780 --> 52:36.940 +within the terms of NAGPRA, which is the + +52:36.940 --> 52:39.340 +Native American Graves Repatriation and + +52:39.340 --> 52:41.400 +Protection Act, which was passed in 1990. + +52:43.700 --> 52:46.680 +And I say I want to follow Terry because I + +52:46.680 --> 52:50.300 +I want to talk about images, stereotypes, + +52:50.960 --> 52:54.180 +assumptions, responsibility, a lot of the + +52:54.180 --> 52:54.800 +same issues. + +52:58.180 --> 53:00.900 +And I also want to follow her by starting + +53:00.900 --> 53:05.240 +with a story about my mother. Because when + +53:05.240 --> 53:08.360 +my mother was going to school, there was + +53:08.360 --> 53:10.280 +no such thing as Native American studies. + +53:10.580 --> 53:12.180 +There was no such thing as Indian + +53:12.180 --> 53:14.880 +education. If you wanted to have anything + +53:14.880 --> 53:16.740 +to do with Indians in the college setting, + +53:16.840 --> 53:22.560 +he went into anthropology. And a lot of + +53:22.560 --> 53:25.060 +Indians went into anthropology and some of + +53:25.060 --> 53:28.100 +them made it and a lot more didn't make + +53:28.100 --> 53:31.420 +it. And my mom was one of those. She + +53:31.420 --> 53:34.720 +dropped out of college and I grew up with + +53:34.720 --> 53:36.700 +stories about the crazy things that + +53:36.700 --> 53:39.480 +anthropologists thought about Indians and + +53:39.480 --> 53:40.980 +the even sicker things that they they did + +53:40.980 --> 53:47.040 +to our dead. And when I first started, and + +53:47.040 --> 53:48.380 +I'm really glad that there's a lot of + +53:48.380 --> 53:52.400 +anthropology students on this sheet. Maybe + +53:52.400 --> 53:55.540 +we can get a little dialogue going here, + +53:55.680 --> 53:56.780 +because I have a lot of problems. + +54:00.380 --> 54:02.560 +I've always grown up with a lot of + +54:02.560 --> 54:04.440 +assumptions and a lot of stereotypes about + +54:04.440 --> 54:09.220 +anthropologists. and when I first started + +54:09.220 --> 54:15.300 +researching repatriation, I uncovered + +54:15.300 --> 54:17.740 +horror story after horror story about past + +54:17.740 --> 54:21.080 +and current anthropological practice. And + +54:21.080 --> 54:23.340 +it reinforced a lot of the ideas I had + +54:23.340 --> 54:27.580 +about anthropology and what it does and + +54:27.580 --> 54:32.060 +what it has done to Indian people. And at + +54:32.060 --> 54:34.380 +the same time I've had sort of a morbid + +54:34.380 --> 54:37.480 +fascination with the strange creatures and + +54:37.480 --> 54:40.400 +sort of the rituals that they seem to love + +54:40.400 --> 54:44.300 +to carry out. And those were the terms + +54:44.300 --> 54:47.320 +that I thought about anthropology and + +54:47.320 --> 54:52.140 +anthropologists when I started interning + +54:52.140 --> 54:54.980 +at the University of California Santa Cruz + +54:54.980 --> 54:56.200 +Archaeological Collection. + +54:59.900 --> 55:05.140 +The repatriation debate, and I shouldn't + +55:05.140 --> 55:07.080 +use the word debate, I shouldn't even use + +55:07.080 --> 55:08.580 +the word movement, I should use the word + +55:08.580 --> 55:12.520 +war, because that's the way that both a + +55:12.520 --> 55:14.500 +lot of Natives and a lot of non-Natives + +55:14.500 --> 55:17.900 +writing about repatriation have defined + +55:17.900 --> 55:20.900 +it. They've defined it as a war, as a war + +55:20.900 --> 55:24.460 +of science versus religion, a war of + +55:24.460 --> 55:26.620 +objective, cold, analytical + +55:26.620 --> 55:30.420 +anthropologists versus warm, spiritual + +55:30.420 --> 55:35.300 +Indians. Indians. And a lot of the titles + +55:35.300 --> 55:39.380 +of articles written by both Natives and + +55:39.380 --> 55:42.000 +non-Natives, a lot of prominent people are + +55:42.000 --> 55:44.780 +things like science or sacrilege, + +55:45.080 --> 55:48.200 +disputing the dead, preservation or + +55:48.200 --> 55:51.460 +reburial, Native Americans versus American + +55:51.460 --> 55:56.100 +museums, a battle for artifacts. And so + +55:56.100 --> 56:00.940 +this This is the mindset that prevails in + +56:00.940 --> 56:03.140 +a lot of places, and it was the mindset + +56:03.140 --> 56:07.200 +that I had when I started interning at the + +56:07.200 --> 56:09.920 +anthropology department. That was an + +56:09.920 --> 56:13.220 +extremely difficult process for me. You + +56:13.220 --> 56:15.700 +walk into this building. It's called + +56:15.700 --> 56:18.160 +Social Sciences I. I normally refer to it + +56:18.160 --> 56:20.900 +as the evil building. And it's this big + +56:20.900 --> 56:24.800 +concrete monolith. You know, you walk up + +56:24.800 --> 56:27.440 +two stairs of floor, the air starts to get + +56:27.440 --> 56:32.040 +stale. The posters start to appear on the + +56:32.040 --> 56:35.760 +wall. Paleolithic culture and plains + +56:35.760 --> 56:40.840 +material items in the faunal area. You + +56:40.840 --> 56:43.340 +know, people are talking in languages that + +56:43.340 --> 56:45.640 +I can't understand. And I get to the + +56:45.640 --> 56:47.380 +fourth floor where they keep the bodies, + +56:47.580 --> 56:49.480 +and I start getting pretty whacked out. + +56:52.100 --> 56:57.640 +When I first started my internship, I + +56:57.640 --> 56:59.760 +could only think of things in either-or + +56:59.760 --> 57:03.680 +situations. It was either I go in there + +57:03.680 --> 57:07.940 +and I lay my agenda out on the table, or I + +57:07.940 --> 57:10.780 +hide it and I compromise my sense of + +57:10.780 --> 57:15.720 +integrity. And every situation that I + +57:15.720 --> 57:18.420 +found myself in was a set of either-or + +57:18.420 --> 57:20.700 +statements, neither of which I was happy + +57:20.700 --> 57:26.040 +with. And eventually what I was forced to + +57:26.040 --> 57:29.620 +do for my own sanity and to get anywhere + +57:29.620 --> 57:33.040 +in working to help the repatriation + +57:33.040 --> 57:37.520 +process was that I had to go out on a + +57:37.520 --> 57:43.100 +limb. I had to put myself out there and I + +57:43.100 --> 57:46.160 +had to explain to my supervisor, who's an + +57:46.160 --> 57:49.940 +archaeologist, and my my coworker who is + +57:49.940 --> 57:54.380 +an archaeology student that I had a lot of + +57:54.380 --> 57:59.040 +fear and a lot of anger about what was + +57:59.040 --> 58:04.400 +going on. And I was amazed, I was + +58:04.400 --> 58:07.640 +absolutely amazed at the emotional + +58:07.640 --> 58:09.800 +responses that I got from those people. + +58:09.800 --> 58:13.840 +and what they told me about how they felt + +58:13.840 --> 58:19.780 +and how they had become sick, how they + +58:19.780 --> 58:25.440 +felt forces, and how hard it was for them + +58:25.440 --> 58:30.880 +to be involved in such a thing. And we + +58:30.880 --> 58:35.340 +really begin to build bridges to + +58:35.340 --> 58:38.660 +facilitate a way of thinking about + +58:38.660 --> 58:43.660 +repatriation that wasn't us versus them. + +58:44.240 --> 58:48.320 +It wasn't me carrying a banner going in + +58:48.320 --> 58:55.700 +there to get rid of anthropology. And I + +58:55.700 --> 59:00.720 +think that Indians have a lot of + +59:00.720 --> 59:02.440 +stereotypes about anthropologists. + +59:03.360 --> 59:04.960 +Anthropologists have a lot of stereotypes + +59:04.960 --> 59:08.880 +about Indians. And the dominant society + +59:08.880 --> 59:12.960 +has stereotypes about both of them, which + +59:12.960 --> 59:18.020 +feed into a rhetoric which divides us. And + +59:18.020 --> 59:20.500 +this is when it comes to survival and when + +59:20.500 --> 59:22.520 +it comes to responsibility, like Terry was + +59:22.520 --> 59:25.880 +talking about, is that anthropologists, + +59:26.200 --> 59:30.320 +the most of them, When I really sat down + +59:30.320 --> 59:33.840 +and talked with them, the basic thing that + +59:33.840 --> 59:39.720 +comes out is that they love Indians. That + +59:39.720 --> 59:42.020 +they love Indians, that they feel a + +59:42.020 --> 59:44.500 +responsibility towards Indians, that the + +59:44.500 --> 59:46.300 +whole reason they went into their field is + +59:46.300 --> 59:48.720 +because they wanted to help Indians. And + +59:48.720 --> 59:50.840 +they got into the field and then they + +59:50.840 --> 59:56.200 +found out that they had to do these + +59:56.200 --> 59:59.400 +certain things. which wasn't what they + +59:59.400 --> 01:00:03.120 +thought and they ended up interacting with + +01:00:03.120 --> 01:00:08.540 +objects and with remains and not with live + +01:00:08.540 --> 01:00:14.200 +human beings and repatriation has forced a + +01:00:14.200 --> 01:00:17.860 +lot of anthropologists to and a lot of + +01:00:17.860 --> 01:00:19.720 +Indians to get over their fear about each + +01:00:19.720 --> 01:00:22.540 +other and to come together to work on + +01:00:22.540 --> 01:00:27.640 +projects to to try to to resolve this + +01:00:27.640 --> 01:00:28.160 +crisis. + +01:00:31.560 --> 01:00:35.660 +And anthropologists, and I use the term so + +01:00:35.660 --> 01:00:38.520 +generally and so broadly, and I refer to + +01:00:38.520 --> 01:00:42.440 +such a huge group of people, but there's a + +01:00:42.440 --> 01:00:49.440 +narrative that's emerging which is trying + +01:00:49.440 --> 01:00:53.520 +to succeed the one that's of us us versus + +01:00:53.520 --> 01:00:57.400 +them, which says we can work together. And + +01:00:57.400 --> 01:01:00.860 +we can work together to do some important + +01:01:00.860 --> 01:01:04.960 +things. So that's the first sort of issue + +01:01:04.960 --> 01:01:09.080 +I want to pose. The second issue I want to + +01:01:09.080 --> 01:01:11.540 +pose is... + +01:01:21.820 --> 01:01:28.700 +is about how the rhetoric around + +01:01:28.700 --> 01:01:29.700 +repatriation + +01:01:32.440 --> 01:01:38.080 +talks about Indians and about how they + +01:01:38.080 --> 01:01:43.380 +feel about spirits and their ancestors and + +01:01:43.380 --> 01:01:48.440 +desecration and things like this in a way + +01:01:48.440 --> 01:01:53.740 +that really disturbs me and it disturbs me + +01:01:53.740 --> 01:02:01.500 +because it's not tribally specific and + +01:02:01.500 --> 01:02:08.260 +it's not guided by that For instance, + +01:02:08.540 --> 01:02:12.640 +there's a national NAGPRA committee and + +01:02:12.640 --> 01:02:17.200 +they have field meetings which are helped + +01:02:17.200 --> 01:02:20.780 +to formulate policy. And at one of these + +01:02:20.780 --> 01:02:24.840 +field meetings there was a presentation + +01:02:24.840 --> 01:02:28.680 +which represented the Indian viewpoint for + +01:02:28.680 --> 01:02:34.360 +that segment. segment and the people who + +01:02:34.360 --> 01:02:38.740 +got up there were political activists and + +01:02:38.740 --> 01:02:44.940 +they basically said that all these bones + +01:02:44.940 --> 01:02:48.520 +need to go back in the ground and we don't + +01:02:48.520 --> 01:02:50.640 +care what they are. We don't care if + +01:02:50.640 --> 01:02:52.940 +they're Chinese, we don't care if they're + +01:02:52.940 --> 01:02:54.540 +Jewish, we don't care what what tribe they + +01:02:54.540 --> 01:02:58.360 +are. The spirits have been disturbed. The + +01:02:58.360 --> 01:03:02.660 +spirits have been disturbed. And we need + +01:03:02.660 --> 01:03:03.600 +to put them at peace. + +01:03:08.300 --> 01:03:11.280 +And repatriation was an intertribal + +01:03:11.280 --> 01:03:15.480 +movement to deal with some very serious + +01:03:15.480 --> 01:03:19.300 +issues, dangerous + +01:03:19.300 --> 01:03:22.200 +issues, powerful issues, things that I + +01:03:22.200 --> 01:03:26.700 +cannot possibly understand and my solution + +01:03:26.700 --> 01:03:30.180 +is to look to the people in my community + +01:03:30.180 --> 01:03:33.800 +like I'm going for six months to intern + +01:03:33.800 --> 01:03:36.220 +with the second Fox repatriation committee + +01:03:36.220 --> 01:03:40.260 +which is made up of elders and their + +01:03:40.260 --> 01:03:44.300 +response is that they need to move + +01:03:44.300 --> 01:03:47.760 +extremely slow they need to be extremely + +01:03:47.760 --> 01:03:50.780 +careful because they're dealing with very + +01:03:50.780 --> 01:03:55.960 +very powerful and dangerous issues, and + +01:03:55.960 --> 01:03:57.500 +that they need to be guided by the + +01:03:57.500 --> 01:04:00.800 +traditional beliefs and the traditional + +01:04:00.800 --> 01:04:05.100 +ways that have guided them in everything + +01:04:05.100 --> 01:04:11.460 +else they do. And what I see going on a + +01:04:11.460 --> 01:04:16.180 +lot of other places is these remains, + +01:04:16.480 --> 01:04:23.260 +these ancestors, become a war trophy, we + +01:04:23.260 --> 01:04:26.820 +will get these bones back from you + +01:04:26.820 --> 01:04:30.940 +anthropologists. We will take them and put + +01:04:30.940 --> 01:04:33.380 +them in the ground where they belong. And + +01:04:33.380 --> 01:04:37.680 +that attitude, I don't know what to think + +01:04:37.680 --> 01:04:44.120 +about it, because I don't know where it's + +01:04:44.120 --> 01:04:49.080 +coming from. and I have a lot of + +01:04:49.080 --> 01:04:51.960 +documentation that I've been finding + +01:04:51.960 --> 01:04:55.760 +lately. For instance, there was this case + +01:04:55.760 --> 01:05:00.260 +in Kentucky + +01:05:00.260 --> 01:05:07.180 +at a place called Slag Farm, and 1,200 + +01:05:07.180 --> 01:05:10.800 +shiny bodies were taken out of the ground + +01:05:10.800 --> 01:05:16.800 +by pot hunters. And Indian people + +01:05:16.800 --> 01:05:22.040 +immediately responded because + +01:05:22.040 --> 01:05:29.200 +of the desecration. But in addition to + +01:05:29.200 --> 01:05:34.360 +ceremonies to put, to rebury those people, + +01:05:34.600 --> 01:05:42.620 +a proposal for $157,000 to bring 700 + +01:05:42.620 --> 01:05:47.580 +elders of the International Elders Council + +01:05:47.580 --> 01:05:51.200 +came up. A local news story forecasted up + +01:05:51.200 --> 01:05:54.280 +to 100,000 Indians could be expected to + +01:05:54.280 --> 01:05:57.380 +show up for the reburial. The Evansville + +01:05:57.380 --> 01:05:59.220 +Convention and Visitors Bureau sent out + +01:05:59.220 --> 01:06:01.760 +housing forms to all tribal offices + +01:06:02.300 --> 01:06:04.500 +because they expected huge crowds to + +01:06:04.500 --> 01:06:05.380 +materialize. + +01:06:09.480 --> 01:06:12.480 +Members of the reburial committee started + +01:06:12.480 --> 01:06:14.000 +claiming that it would be the largest + +01:06:14.000 --> 01:06:15.860 +gathering of tribal hierarchy this + +01:06:15.860 --> 01:06:19.860 +century. a concert was proposed, a powwow, + +01:06:20.060 --> 01:06:25.600 +a sidewalk art show, Hollywood stars would + +01:06:25.600 --> 01:06:29.980 +arrive according to one of the organizers + +01:06:29.980 --> 01:06:35.500 +of the event. It became an event. And + +01:06:35.500 --> 01:06:36.860 +these are Indian people. + +01:06:42.060 --> 01:06:45.300 +Eventually, two of the organizers took off + +01:06:45.300 --> 01:06:49.500 +with $30,000 that they raised. And nowhere + +01:06:49.500 --> 01:06:54.600 +could I find that the Shawnee had had + +01:06:54.600 --> 01:06:55.820 +anything to do with this. + +01:06:59.600 --> 01:07:02.500 +So, I think James is passing me a little + +01:07:02.500 --> 01:07:04.620 +note here, and I'll stop right there. + +01:07:08.800 --> 01:07:11.060 +That's great. What questions do people + +01:07:11.060 --> 01:07:17.080 +have? One minute, sir. Eric? I'm sort of + +01:07:17.080 --> 01:07:20.560 +wondering about whether you actually + +01:07:20.560 --> 01:07:25.780 +believe it's wrong for groups + +01:07:25.780 --> 01:07:28.740 +who aren't directly affiliated with these + +01:07:28.740 --> 01:07:34.620 +remains to lobby for their reburial. And + +01:07:34.620 --> 01:07:38.540 +the example I think of is a few years + +01:07:38.540 --> 01:07:43.220 +back, a group of Indian tribes from + +01:07:43.220 --> 01:07:47.000 +southern New England reburied the remains + +01:07:47.000 --> 01:07:50.540 +of some Niantic Indians. There is no + +01:07:50.540 --> 01:07:53.700 +Niantic + +01:07:53.700 --> 01:08:00.600 +tribe extant today. And the + +01:08:00.600 --> 01:08:04.720 +Indians were buried on the Pequot + +01:08:04.720 --> 01:08:09.120 +reservation, the tribal medicine man of + +01:08:09.120 --> 01:08:11.240 +the Wampanoag Indians and the medicine man + +01:08:11.240 --> 01:08:14.740 +of the, I think it was the Pasamacuati, + +01:08:14.900 --> 01:08:21.360 +were presiding over the ceremony and they + +01:08:21.360 --> 01:08:25.840 +were buried these remains in a very very + +01:08:25.840 --> 01:08:31.000 +pan-tribal manner. They didn't necessarily + +01:08:31.000 --> 01:08:34.940 +do it in the authentic Niantic way, + +01:08:35.100 --> 01:08:38.220 +whatever that was. But they at least + +01:08:38.220 --> 01:08:41.040 +returned these things to the ground, which + +01:08:41.040 --> 01:08:43.220 +they knew was the tradition of the + +01:08:43.220 --> 01:08:47.360 +Niantics to actually bury the remains. But + +01:08:47.360 --> 01:08:49.580 +had they not done that, these remains + +01:08:49.580 --> 01:08:55.120 +remains would have stayed in a museum or + +01:08:55.120 --> 01:08:57.980 +wherever they were forever because there + +01:08:57.980 --> 01:09:00.280 +would have been no Niantics to claim them + +01:09:00.280 --> 01:09:03.640 +back. All right. The National Committee, + +01:09:03.940 --> 01:09:08.680 +their basic, and this is of course rumor + +01:09:08.680 --> 01:09:10.860 +because I have not personally talked to + +01:09:10.860 --> 01:09:12.980 +the National Committee, but the grapevine + +01:09:12.980 --> 01:09:17.360 +says that the National Committee, which is + +01:09:17.360 --> 01:09:19.300 +made up of, I think, four Indians and + +01:09:19.300 --> 01:09:21.940 +three non-Indians, is saying that any + +01:09:21.940 --> 01:09:29.080 +Native American is closer to a human + +01:09:29.080 --> 01:09:33.440 +remain that's of Native American descent + +01:09:33.880 --> 01:09:36.260 +than any non-Indian is. And consequently, + +01:09:36.400 --> 01:09:41.600 +we will act on that prerogative. Now, if + +01:09:41.600 --> 01:09:48.380 +there are remains which have no tribal + +01:09:48.380 --> 01:09:52.120 +affiliation, I don't know what to do about + +01:09:52.120 --> 01:09:54.920 +that. I don't have an answer for you. But + +01:09:54.920 --> 01:10:01.460 +what I'm saying is that a lot of people + +01:10:01.460 --> 01:10:05.780 +are saying, we're tired of waiting. We + +01:10:05.780 --> 01:10:09.100 +want to do this now. now. No more + +01:10:09.100 --> 01:10:15.320 +consultation, no more discussing it. We + +01:10:15.320 --> 01:10:19.120 +want those bones back in the ground. And + +01:10:19.120 --> 01:10:23.980 +my concern with that is that when I talk + +01:10:23.980 --> 01:10:27.700 +to tribal + +01:10:27.700 --> 01:10:31.120 +elders, they're saying we need to take + +01:10:31.120 --> 01:10:33.980 +this very slow. We need to be very + +01:10:33.980 --> 01:10:37.180 +careful. We need to have a lot of + +01:10:37.180 --> 01:10:39.980 +discussion. We need the Sac and Fox + +01:10:39.980 --> 01:10:42.320 +repatriation policy, I have it with me, + +01:10:42.380 --> 01:10:44.980 +says that we need the opinion of every + +01:10:44.980 --> 01:10:47.900 +single member of the tribe and we need all + +01:10:47.900 --> 01:10:49.900 +of their knowledge because no one can + +01:10:49.900 --> 01:10:51.960 +handle this alone. This needs to be a + +01:10:51.960 --> 01:10:54.240 +collective, a collective pursuit, a + +01:10:54.240 --> 01:11:00.060 +collective effort. And so when a rash + +01:11:00.060 --> 01:11:03.820 +decision is made, and I'll use an example + +01:11:03.820 --> 01:11:08.120 +which strikes close to home, and I'll use + +01:11:08.120 --> 01:11:12.760 +it without names, but this University + +01:11:12.760 --> 01:11:15.220 +Stanford did a repatriation several years + +01:11:15.220 --> 01:11:22.580 +ago of Ohlone individuals and And it's + +01:11:22.580 --> 01:11:25.820 +unclear what type of consultation process + +01:11:25.820 --> 01:11:29.320 +happened, but there are Ohlone individuals + +01:11:29.320 --> 01:11:32.940 +today who will not talk to other Ohlone + +01:11:32.940 --> 01:11:35.880 +individuals because of the way that + +01:11:35.880 --> 01:11:39.120 +reburial was handled, because the people + +01:11:39.120 --> 01:11:42.140 +who ended up receiving the remains to put + +01:11:42.140 --> 01:11:44.540 +them in the earth carried out ceremonies + +01:11:44.540 --> 01:11:48.080 +in a way that they found to be spiritual + +01:11:48.080 --> 01:11:53.180 +violence, And the words that they used was + +01:11:53.180 --> 01:11:59.020 +that it reminded them of when the Nazis + +01:11:59.020 --> 01:12:03.400 +buried Jews in mass graves. And all they + +01:12:03.400 --> 01:12:07.340 +could do was go home and pray and purify + +01:12:07.340 --> 01:12:10.620 +themselves. Now, I don't know if that + +01:12:10.620 --> 01:12:13.740 +individual speaks for the traditional + +01:12:13.740 --> 01:12:18.020 +Ohlones. I don't know anything about it. + +01:12:18.020 --> 01:12:20.480 +All I know is that if someone had been + +01:12:20.480 --> 01:12:25.920 +more careful, had taken longer to engage + +01:12:25.920 --> 01:12:28.140 +in a process to make sure that there was + +01:12:28.140 --> 01:12:33.380 +unity in the tribe on how to move forward + +01:12:33.380 --> 01:12:36.340 +on this, then there wouldn't be that + +01:12:36.340 --> 01:12:41.880 +issue. issue. And for me, it's like, it's + +01:12:41.880 --> 01:12:45.960 +so, it's so dangerous. And Indian people + +01:12:45.960 --> 01:12:50.080 +have waited so long to have this, that, + +01:12:50.180 --> 01:12:52.740 +you know, a few more years to work out + +01:12:52.740 --> 01:12:56.680 +some problems among you isn't gonna, isn't + +01:12:56.680 --> 01:13:00.080 +gonna hurt anything. You know, to wait, to + +01:13:00.080 --> 01:13:03.320 +wait three, even three or four years until + +01:13:03.320 --> 01:13:06.700 +you, your tribe or your community or + +01:13:06.700 --> 01:13:10.400 +whatever has come to a consensus on how to + +01:13:10.400 --> 01:13:15.060 +handle the issue and has designated people + +01:13:15.060 --> 01:13:20.020 +specifically to handle these matters, then + +01:13:20.020 --> 01:13:24.700 +that's better than rushing it. It's not an + +01:13:24.700 --> 01:13:27.840 +issue that can be rushed. Do you think + +01:13:27.840 --> 01:13:29.140 +they can actually achieve that sort of + +01:13:29.140 --> 01:13:33.420 +unanimity? Well, I don't know about all + +01:13:33.420 --> 01:13:36.480 +tribes. The Sac and Fox, I think, are + +01:13:36.480 --> 01:13:41.020 +going to from the way it's going. The + +01:13:41.020 --> 01:13:43.460 +Hopi, for instance, they have four + +01:13:43.460 --> 01:13:46.000 +archaeologists who work for them. They + +01:13:46.000 --> 01:13:48.840 +have an archaeological program, and it's + +01:13:48.840 --> 01:13:53.200 +overseen by 18 clan elders and priests. + +01:13:54.100 --> 01:13:56.140 +Now, I don't know how the Hopi feel about + +01:13:56.140 --> 01:13:59.420 +that, but it sounds like something that's + +01:13:59.420 --> 01:14:04.460 +better than, you know, giving up bones or + +01:14:04.460 --> 01:14:07.360 +sacred objects when there is still some + +01:14:07.360 --> 01:14:10.220 +doubt about who should be receiving those. + +01:14:11.240 --> 01:14:15.380 +This repatriation, I have, and this is my + +01:14:15.380 --> 01:14:17.440 +personal opinion, is not an activist + +01:14:17.440 --> 01:14:23.440 +issue. You know, this is not primarily a + +01:14:23.440 --> 01:14:25.420 +political issue. It's primarily a + +01:14:25.420 --> 01:14:28.400 +spiritual issue and a cultural issue. And + +01:14:28.400 --> 01:14:30.580 +it's not something to carry banners around + +01:14:30.580 --> 01:14:35.980 +about. There is a proper way which needs + +01:14:35.980 --> 01:14:38.080 +to be directed by people who have + +01:14:38.080 --> 01:14:42.020 +knowledge. I don't know. I don't know how + +01:14:42.020 --> 01:14:44.780 +to handle a repatriation and I would never + +01:14:44.780 --> 01:14:49.580 +go do that. Can I just chip in here on the + +01:14:49.580 --> 01:14:50.880 +same, because I think it's a really good + +01:14:50.880 --> 01:14:52.960 +question And obviously, as you know, there + +01:14:52.960 --> 01:14:55.460 +are also a great number of remains which + +01:14:55.460 --> 01:14:57.040 +aren't even tribally identified, whether + +01:14:57.040 --> 01:14:59.340 +they still exist as a community or not. So + +01:14:59.340 --> 01:15:00.520 +this is going to be a continual problem. + +01:15:00.760 --> 01:15:02.400 +It seems to me that one way of answering + +01:15:02.400 --> 01:15:04.000 +this that's suggested by the work that + +01:15:04.000 --> 01:15:05.980 +Jacob has done is that I think what Jacob + +01:15:05.980 --> 01:15:07.880 +has done very well is he's developing a + +01:15:07.880 --> 01:15:09.680 +distinction between responsibility and + +01:15:09.680 --> 01:15:12.260 +ownership. And what he's trying to do is + +01:15:12.260 --> 01:15:14.460 +to show why those two things being very + +01:15:14.460 --> 01:15:15.820 +different have very different implications + +01:15:15.820 --> 01:15:17.760 +for how this is handled, whether it's on a + +01:15:17.760 --> 01:15:20.040 +tribal or an intertribal level. I think + +01:15:20.040 --> 01:15:22.180 +he's trying to suggest that if the bones + +01:15:22.180 --> 01:15:23.820 +are approached to something which is owned + +01:15:23.820 --> 01:15:25.020 +over which there can be a political + +01:15:25.020 --> 01:15:26.580 +battle, then it doesn't matter whether + +01:15:26.580 --> 01:15:28.320 +it's a tribe doing it or whether it's the + +01:15:28.320 --> 01:15:29.700 +National Congress of American Indians, + +01:15:29.780 --> 01:15:31.160 +you're going to run into inappropriate + +01:15:31.160 --> 01:15:33.780 +potentials, potential for inappropriate + +01:15:33.780 --> 01:15:36.460 +kinds of actions. If it's approached as a + +01:15:36.460 --> 01:15:38.460 +problem of responsibility rather than of + +01:15:38.460 --> 01:15:41.180 +ownership, then again, there can be + +01:15:41.180 --> 01:15:43.460 +appropriate solutions to either tribal or + +01:15:43.460 --> 01:15:46.140 +intertribal problems that come up in the + +01:15:46.140 --> 01:15:47.760 +repatriation process. I mean, I don't, + +01:15:47.760 --> 01:15:49.400 +personally, I don't have any problem with, + +01:15:49.400 --> 01:15:52.000 +you know, the propriety of these people + +01:15:52.000 --> 01:15:53.760 +because I see that as an example of taking + +01:15:53.760 --> 01:15:56.020 +responsibility. Now, whether within their + +01:15:56.020 --> 01:15:57.560 +own rhetoric they viewed it as a political + +01:15:57.560 --> 01:15:59.680 +battle and they approached it as something + +01:15:59.680 --> 01:16:01.500 +they owned, I don't know. But I'm saying + +01:16:01.500 --> 01:16:03.620 +that it suggests a model of responsibility + +01:16:03.620 --> 01:16:05.720 +rather than of ownership. And it seems to + +01:16:05.720 --> 01:16:08.200 +me that's one really important thing I'm + +01:16:08.200 --> 01:16:09.880 +learning out of your work is how to + +01:16:09.880 --> 01:16:11.640 +understand those issues. And maybe I + +01:16:11.640 --> 01:16:14.340 +should be more specific. In terms of the + +01:16:14.340 --> 01:16:18.580 +law, one of the ways that institutions + +01:16:18.580 --> 01:16:22.660 +determine who they repatriate remains to + +01:16:22.660 --> 01:16:25.900 +is they look at the ICC map, which is the + +01:16:25.900 --> 01:16:28.920 +Indian Claims Commission map, which is a + +01:16:28.920 --> 01:16:31.820 +map that is only accurate for certain + +01:16:31.820 --> 01:16:34.020 +periods of time and has a lot to do with + +01:16:34.020 --> 01:16:35.900 +the political influence and the legal + +01:16:35.900 --> 01:16:38.500 +influence of the tribes who took cases + +01:16:38.500 --> 01:16:40.580 +before the Indian Claims Commission. For + +01:16:40.580 --> 01:16:45.280 +example, the Siouxs have a huge area on + +01:16:45.280 --> 01:16:48.820 +the map. And if that's the map that + +01:16:48.820 --> 01:16:52.840 +they're using, and they go ahead and + +01:16:52.840 --> 01:16:57.420 +repatriate to the Siouxs without doing any + +01:16:57.420 --> 01:17:03.420 +other further consultation, and it comes + +01:17:03.420 --> 01:17:06.480 +up later on that they have more + +01:17:06.480 --> 01:17:08.240 +documentation that says that those belong + +01:17:08.240 --> 01:17:11.360 +to another tribe or something like that, + +01:17:11.540 --> 01:17:15.380 +it can cause division within the community + +01:17:15.380 --> 01:17:17.860 +as well as a huge public relations problem + +01:17:17.860 --> 01:17:22.660 +for the institution. I have a couple of + +01:17:22.660 --> 01:17:24.380 +comments. I was on the repatriation + +01:17:24.380 --> 01:17:26.640 +committee at Berkeley when I was a student + +01:17:26.640 --> 01:17:29.040 +there, and it was a war because it was + +01:17:29.040 --> 01:17:30.760 +Indian and non-Indian on that committee, + +01:17:30.940 --> 01:17:34.160 +and we battled every meeting. And I have a + +01:17:34.160 --> 01:17:36.960 +box full of material that we produced and + +01:17:36.960 --> 01:17:38.740 +had to read in addition to all of our + +01:17:38.740 --> 01:17:41.340 +classes. So it's not an easy solution. And + +01:17:41.340 --> 01:17:43.720 +this division, not my tribe in Oklahoma, + +01:17:43.900 --> 01:17:46.840 +but the Seminole tribe in Florida, they + +01:17:46.840 --> 01:17:49.620 +found some remains in northern Florida by + +01:17:49.620 --> 01:17:53.540 +Tampa. And as Seminoles were most likely + +01:17:53.540 --> 01:17:55.820 +descendants of those remains, they + +01:17:55.820 --> 01:17:58.580 +contacted the tribe and asked them if they + +01:17:58.580 --> 01:18:01.740 +wanted to have that. So James Billy, the + +01:18:01.740 --> 01:18:03.160 +tribal chairman, went up there and said, + +01:18:03.220 --> 01:18:05.480 +yes, I want to take this land and turn it + +01:18:05.480 --> 01:18:07.560 +into trust land because it's our land. And + +01:18:07.560 --> 01:18:09.100 +then he immediately put a bingo parlor + +01:18:09.100 --> 01:18:11.800 +there because the land was turned to trust + +01:18:11.800 --> 01:18:13.440 +land. Now, that's caused tremendous + +01:18:13.440 --> 01:18:17.080 +division in the nation down there. And the + +01:18:17.080 --> 01:18:19.640 +repercussions are still being felt. And + +01:18:19.640 --> 01:18:21.940 +some people said, how could he take an + +01:18:21.940 --> 01:18:24.360 +area that was sacred and remains? I mean, + +01:18:24.360 --> 01:18:26.420 +he didn't do it right on the burial + +01:18:26.420 --> 01:18:29.020 +ground. But certainly, it's very difficult + +01:18:29.020 --> 01:18:31.600 +to take land and turn it into trust land, + +01:18:31.800 --> 01:18:34.060 +the government is very unwilling to do + +01:18:34.060 --> 01:18:37.600 +that at this point. And I haven't checked + +01:18:37.600 --> 01:18:39.340 +recently because I've been broiled in + +01:18:39.340 --> 01:18:42.460 +several nations right now. But what is + +01:18:42.460 --> 01:18:44.160 +happening too is that it's causing + +01:18:44.160 --> 01:18:47.400 +division for the people in there who have + +01:18:47.400 --> 01:18:49.840 +questions about that. So when I get the + +01:18:49.840 --> 01:18:51.040 +paper from down there, they're still + +01:18:51.040 --> 01:18:52.960 +asking. And James said, I always intended + +01:18:52.960 --> 01:18:54.880 +to do this. You just didn't understand + +01:18:54.880 --> 01:18:56.580 +that this was my idea in the beginning + +01:18:56.580 --> 01:18:58.580 +because the other people are saying, How + +01:18:58.580 --> 01:19:01.140 +could you set up a bingo, yet another + +01:19:01.140 --> 01:19:04.000 +bingo parlor, even though it does bring in + +01:19:04.000 --> 01:19:05.360 +tremendous revenues and it's another + +01:19:05.360 --> 01:19:08.000 +consistent battle field. But it isn't a + +01:19:08.000 --> 01:19:11.900 +simple answer, and certainly the very fact + +01:19:11.900 --> 01:19:14.260 +that the Seminole Nation wasn't even + +01:19:14.260 --> 01:19:17.140 +formed until after contact has another + +01:19:17.140 --> 01:19:20.820 +ramification in it for those people to + +01:19:20.820 --> 01:19:24.000 +approve the most likely disbandment. It is + +01:19:24.000 --> 01:19:31.940 +problematic. Thank you. one more comment I + +01:19:31.940 --> 01:19:34.880 +also like I said I'm new to Stanford but I + +01:19:34.880 --> 01:19:39.020 +also wanted that people that been invited + +01:19:39.020 --> 01:19:40.780 +as part of that group to participate we've + +01:19:40.780 --> 01:19:43.400 +only met couple times and they talked + +01:19:43.400 --> 01:19:47.840 +about the only patriots before that that + +01:19:47.840 --> 01:19:52.400 +people felt that way because you know I + +01:19:52.400 --> 01:19:56.460 +serve on that committee and I'm the only + +01:19:56.460 --> 01:20:01.820 +two of + +01:20:01.820 --> 01:20:06.760 +us but the woman's gone but you know I I + +01:20:06.760 --> 01:20:08.880 +can only speak for you know what I do but + +01:20:08.880 --> 01:20:11.980 +I think you know I know about my tribe I + +01:20:11.980 --> 01:20:13.760 +think that it's very difficult when you + +01:20:13.760 --> 01:20:16.960 +ask. I don't speak, I don't represent the + +01:20:16.960 --> 01:20:19.440 +Indian voice of all of you trying to, but + +01:20:19.440 --> 01:20:23.900 +certainly I try to do my best how I can to + +01:20:23.900 --> 01:20:26.940 +talk about the sacredness and so forth. + +01:20:28.280 --> 01:20:31.180 +That's a big issue for me because I come + +01:20:31.180 --> 01:20:34.800 +from a that's very, very traditional. A + +01:20:34.800 --> 01:20:37.580 +whole lot of these things are sacred. And + +01:20:37.580 --> 01:20:42.120 +I've seen Victor go. When you were reading + +01:20:42.120 --> 01:20:44.540 +that article about Kentucky, it was + +01:20:44.540 --> 01:20:47.460 +interesting because a couple of years ago, + +01:20:47.560 --> 01:20:51.140 +Haymans received a lot of, there were no + +01:20:51.140 --> 01:20:56.420 +bones or anything, bodies, but a lot of + +01:20:57.000 --> 01:21:00.160 +Smithsonian, a lot of sacred items that + +01:21:00.160 --> 01:21:03.320 +had been taken. And the news people in + +01:21:03.320 --> 01:21:09.000 +Albuquerque really wanted to come in and + +01:21:09.000 --> 01:21:14.340 +document and film the whole thing. And it + +01:21:14.340 --> 01:21:19.240 +was just really crazy. But it was the same + +01:21:19.240 --> 01:21:21.540 +thing as the Hopi. It was our priests and + +01:21:21.540 --> 01:21:23.380 +our clan leaders and those people that + +01:21:23.380 --> 01:21:26.300 +were involved in this whole thing. and the + +01:21:26.300 --> 01:21:29.120 +governor's made an appearance at the + +01:21:29.120 --> 01:21:32.000 +airport just to do it quick so the press + +01:21:32.000 --> 01:21:34.560 +were here blah blah blah we're going home + +01:21:34.560 --> 01:21:37.100 +and that was it we didn't allow anybody + +01:21:37.100 --> 01:21:40.800 +back on the reservation and then once + +01:21:40.800 --> 01:21:42.680 +we've been on the items were brought to + +01:21:42.680 --> 01:21:44.200 +the reservation they just brought him into + +01:21:44.200 --> 01:21:46.280 +the plaza straight into the casiqui house + +01:21:46.280 --> 01:21:49.840 +and that was it there was no we still + +01:21:49.840 --> 01:21:53.100 +don't know to this day what was there but + +01:21:53.100 --> 01:21:55.760 +that's not for us to know because our + +01:21:55.760 --> 01:21:58.720 +leadership our religious leaders they did + +01:21:58.720 --> 01:22:00.160 +the appropriate things when they brought + +01:22:00.160 --> 01:22:03.180 +these things on and people you know it was + +01:22:03.180 --> 01:22:04.920 +like well can you display these and we can + +01:22:04.920 --> 01:22:07.080 +take you know when these people take a + +01:22:07.080 --> 01:22:11.520 +picture and we just you know I think was + +01:22:11.520 --> 01:22:14.720 +very appropriately done I don't know what + +01:22:14.720 --> 01:22:17.780 +those items are but I don't question it + +01:22:17.780 --> 01:22:19.900 +because I know the right thing was done + +01:22:19.900 --> 01:22:23.280 +from the leadership and everybody's happy. + +01:22:23.620 --> 01:22:25.060 +I think that's what's important. + +01:22:30.120 --> 01:22:32.500 +I'd say we're off to a great start this + +01:22:32.500 --> 01:22:34.500 +morning. Let's thank Jacob and then + +01:22:34.500 --> 01:22:35.500 +we'll... + +01:22:47.260 --> 01:22:48.500 +Thank you. + +01:23:45.840 --> 01:23:47.240 +Thank you. + +01:24:15.840 --> 01:24:17.240 +Thank you. + +01:24:27.780 --> 01:24:30.580 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/bw689yg2740_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/baseline/bw689yg2740_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ee6198 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/bw689yg2740_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,4763 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:01.980 --> 00:04.220 +The person who's going to say the blessing + +00:04.220 --> 00:07.820 +is Benny Shendo, who is the director of + +00:07.820 --> 00:09.900 +our American Indian program here at + +00:09.900 --> 00:12.780 +Stanford, and he's Hamas. + +00:16.200 --> 00:18.480 +I'm going to say the opening prayer in my + +00:18.480 --> 00:22.020 +own language. So also, as I say the + +00:22.020 --> 00:23.520 +prayer, you can say your own prayer as + +00:23.520 --> 00:23.680 +well. + +00:53.680 --> 00:57.480 +I feel that the people who are here today, + +00:58.460 --> 01:01.240 +they cannot go to the other side of the + +01:01.240 --> 01:03.700 +world, and they cannot go to the other + +01:03.700 --> 01:06.600 +side of the world, and they cannot go to + +01:06.600 --> 01:07.900 +the other side of the world, and they + +01:07.900 --> 01:09.120 +cannot go to the other side of the world, + +01:09.120 --> 01:13.760 +and they cannot go to the other side of + +01:13.760 --> 01:18.120 +the world, and they cannot + +01:18.120 --> 01:24.020 +go to the other side of the world, . + +01:41.560 --> 01:44.400 +OK. I guess we're going to go ahead and + +01:44.400 --> 01:46.540 +get started. So everyone can be seated. + +01:46.540 --> 01:52.780 +AND FIND + +01:52.780 --> 01:53.220 +A SEAT. + +02:20.820 --> 02:25.100 +Okay, just to, we want to welcome you to + +02:25.100 --> 02:27.060 +Stanford University, everyone who's come + +02:27.060 --> 02:30.000 +from other universities. My name is Rania + +02:30.000 --> 02:34.400 +Ramirez. I'm a part of SNAG, which is + +02:34.400 --> 02:37.320 +Stanford Native American Graduate Group, + +02:37.320 --> 02:42.240 +and we helped put put this conference + +02:42.240 --> 02:47.020 +together or this forum together. We just + +02:47.020 --> 02:49.640 +want to say that this is supposed to be + +02:49.640 --> 02:52.820 +like a conversation. The way it's going to + +02:52.820 --> 02:56.960 +work is each person who is going to talk + +02:56.960 --> 02:59.240 +about their work is going to come and sit + +02:59.240 --> 03:01.620 +at this point in the table, mainly because + +03:01.620 --> 03:03.980 +we are videotaping the event. + +03:07.520 --> 03:10.260 +And we'll present for about 10 minutes. + +03:10.260 --> 03:13.860 +and then the rest of the time will be for + +03:13.860 --> 03:17.200 +basically a conversation just to talk + +03:17.200 --> 03:19.600 +about you know the issues that were + +03:19.600 --> 03:24.260 +brought up in the presentation maybe some + +03:24.260 --> 03:27.120 +similar experiences we've had doing doing + +03:27.120 --> 03:31.400 +research just you know very informal you + +03:31.400 --> 03:33.320 +know we want people to feel comfortable + +03:33.320 --> 03:38.760 +and just just really enjoy the day. We're + +03:38.760 --> 03:42.680 +going to start out with Benny Shendo who's + +03:42.680 --> 03:44.880 +going to come up and say a few words and + +03:44.880 --> 03:48.040 +then after Benny Shendo will be Jim + +03:48.040 --> 03:51.880 +Larimore who used to be the director of + +03:51.880 --> 03:53.980 +our American Indian program office but is + +03:53.980 --> 03:57.220 +now the acting dean of students here at + +03:57.220 --> 03:57.560 +the university. + +04:04.140 --> 04:08.620 +Again, I'd just like to welcome all of you + +04:08.620 --> 04:14.540 +to the second annual research forum. As + +04:14.540 --> 04:16.620 +Rania mentioned, I'm the Assistant Dean of + +04:16.620 --> 04:18.260 +Students and also Director of our American + +04:18.260 --> 04:21.980 +Indian program. I'm new to Stanford. I've + +04:21.980 --> 04:25.600 +been here for going on my seventh month, + +04:25.720 --> 04:29.360 +but it's been really good. When Gil + +04:29.360 --> 04:32.660 +mentioned this forum last year, they had + +04:32.660 --> 04:35.620 +their first annual, it really got me + +04:35.620 --> 04:37.040 +excited because it was one of the things + +04:37.040 --> 04:39.280 +that we really wanted to do is, you know, + +04:39.280 --> 04:41.640 +what are some of our students doing in + +04:41.640 --> 04:44.020 +terms of scholarship and work that affect + +04:44.020 --> 04:47.120 +Native communities. So we talked about it + +04:47.120 --> 04:49.360 +and we began to brainstorm it. We did it + +04:49.360 --> 04:51.280 +last year, it was very informal, and it + +04:51.280 --> 04:53.180 +was a wonderful experience. We wanted to + +04:53.180 --> 04:54.780 +keep it that way. We wanted it to be a + +04:54.780 --> 04:59.460 +conversation, a discussion, so that we + +04:59.460 --> 05:03.560 +could really get a lot out of it. So we + +05:03.560 --> 05:07.320 +planned it, and Renia has been very, both + +05:07.320 --> 05:08.900 +Renia and Gail have been very instrumental + +05:09.260 --> 05:13.040 +in making this happen again. So I'd just + +05:13.040 --> 05:15.040 +like to welcome all of you on behalf of + +05:15.040 --> 05:16.600 +our American Indian and Alaska Native + +05:16.600 --> 05:19.000 +program at Stanford. So I hope you enjoy + +05:19.000 --> 05:21.160 +your day. Jim? + +05:26.440 --> 05:29.380 +I guess this is kind of an unusual thing + +05:29.380 --> 05:30.660 +for me because, as Renia mentioned, I've + +05:30.660 --> 05:34.460 +been kind of changing my professional + +05:34.460 --> 05:36.800 +identities around Stanford for the last + +05:36.800 --> 05:40.100 +year or so and have made a series of + +05:40.100 --> 05:42.520 +shifts. And the shifts that have come have + +05:42.520 --> 05:45.000 +been after serving for nine years as the + +05:45.000 --> 05:46.360 +director for the American Indian program, + +05:46.960 --> 05:50.040 +making a break and starting full-time as a + +05:50.040 --> 05:51.260 +doctoral student over in the School of + +05:51.260 --> 05:53.440 +Education in higher ed and administration + +05:53.440 --> 05:56.260 +and policy analysis last fall. And after + +05:56.260 --> 05:58.920 +six months of being a student, taking a + +05:58.920 --> 06:00.840 +leave and stepping in as the acting dean + +06:00.840 --> 06:03.200 +of students here, and after my first week + +06:03.200 --> 06:04.900 +on the job, which was just this past week, + +06:05.000 --> 06:06.020 +I can't tell you how much I'm looking + +06:06.020 --> 06:07.340 +forward to going back to being a student + +06:07.340 --> 06:11.300 +again in September and just getting much + +06:11.300 --> 06:13.800 +more in touch with classroom life, with + +06:13.800 --> 06:17.440 +research and with a chance to really focus + +06:17.440 --> 06:20.420 +on thinking hard about things, on kind of + +06:20.420 --> 06:22.400 +how things are, how they got that way, and + +06:22.400 --> 06:25.380 +maybe how they could be. And so this is, + +06:25.400 --> 06:28.580 +for me, a little bit of a homecoming in + +06:28.580 --> 06:31.940 +being back involved with the community + +06:32.880 --> 06:35.680 +after trying to maintain a little bit of + +06:35.680 --> 06:37.960 +distance to help my own transition this + +06:37.960 --> 06:40.660 +year. And so it's a real kind of honor and + +06:40.660 --> 06:42.600 +a pleasure to be among all the folks that + +06:42.600 --> 06:45.500 +are here this morning. I spoke yesterday + +06:45.500 --> 06:47.760 +afternoon with Condoleezza Rice, our + +06:47.760 --> 06:50.300 +university provost, and it was then that + +06:50.300 --> 06:52.060 +she informed me that she had a scheduling + +06:52.060 --> 06:54.060 +conflict that had come up with a gathering + +06:54.060 --> 06:57.220 +up in San Francisco. And so Condi asked me + +06:57.220 --> 06:59.580 +if I would extend a welcome on behalf of + +06:59.580 --> 07:01.800 +the university to folks that have traveled + +07:01.800 --> 07:04.680 +from other schools, other places here in + +07:04.680 --> 07:07.040 +California and elsewhere to be with us + +07:07.040 --> 07:10.120 +today. and and so I hope that it looks + +07:10.120 --> 07:12.000 +from looking out behind the camera and out + +07:12.000 --> 07:14.260 +the window that that this may be the kind + +07:14.260 --> 07:15.920 +of Stanford weather and Northern + +07:15.920 --> 07:18.340 +California weather that we're accustomed + +07:18.340 --> 07:20.480 +to here and so I hope that the + +07:20.480 --> 07:22.560 +surroundings will be pleasant and in + +07:22.560 --> 07:24.500 +supportive of the kind of thinking and + +07:24.500 --> 07:26.420 +talking that you all want to try and do + +07:26.420 --> 07:30.600 +today as as Benny was it was doing his + +07:30.600 --> 07:33.520 +opening prayer for this this gathering + +07:33.520 --> 07:37.080 +this morning it reminded me of how how + +07:37.080 --> 07:39.900 +important it is that as people gather that + +07:39.900 --> 07:41.780 +we pray, and as we pray that we pray for + +07:41.780 --> 07:44.260 +wisdom, among other things. And that the + +07:44.260 --> 07:46.980 +wisdom that we seek is in order to make + +07:46.980 --> 07:49.520 +life better for those around us, to make + +07:49.520 --> 07:52.420 +life better for those among us, and also + +07:52.420 --> 07:54.100 +to try and make life better for those yet + +07:54.100 --> 07:57.400 +to come. And I think that, for me, + +07:57.440 --> 07:59.420 +represents the spirit of what American + +07:59.420 --> 08:01.580 +Indian and Alaska Native research is + +08:01.580 --> 08:05.020 +about. We have been researchers and + +08:05.020 --> 08:08.240 +scholars for thousands of years and it may + +08:08.240 --> 08:10.000 +not have been things that have been + +08:10.000 --> 08:11.680 +written down and recorded in the forms + +08:11.680 --> 08:14.340 +that universities are used to. But I think + +08:14.340 --> 08:16.420 +you can find no better example of + +08:16.420 --> 08:19.080 +scholarship and humane scholarship than + +08:19.080 --> 08:20.580 +the kind of knowledge that exists within + +08:20.580 --> 08:21.920 +our communities, the kind of knowledge + +08:21.920 --> 08:24.320 +that people are about working with and + +08:24.320 --> 08:28.200 +creating and passing on. And so I want to + +08:28.200 --> 08:32.800 +say, again, on behalf of myself and for + +08:32.800 --> 08:35.060 +the university, that this is an important + +08:35.060 --> 08:37.460 +gathering and that this marks, I think, a + +08:37.460 --> 08:39.820 +real turning point for the way that we can + +08:39.820 --> 08:41.420 +support each other and the way that we can + +08:41.420 --> 08:44.060 +support students and support faculty, + +08:44.280 --> 08:46.600 +tenured and otherwise, in the pursuits and + +08:46.600 --> 08:48.820 +the kinds of pressures that they face in + +08:48.820 --> 08:53.320 +their lives. As people go through the day, + +08:53.520 --> 08:58.220 +what I would like to suggest or offer as a + +08:58.220 --> 09:00.040 +way of thinking about this is that people + +09:00.040 --> 09:02.940 +realize that this is a time, some of you + +09:02.940 --> 09:04.220 +may have met each other, you may have come + +09:04.220 --> 09:05.800 +with friends from other campuses, but this + +09:05.800 --> 09:07.600 +is a real opportunity to get to know + +09:07.600 --> 09:09.740 +people that you may come in contact with + +09:09.740 --> 09:12.700 +on an infrequent basis, people that you + +09:12.700 --> 09:14.900 +may not see until maybe during Powell + +09:14.900 --> 09:16.360 +season, and you'll see folks around + +09:16.360 --> 09:18.540 +different places, faces that you might + +09:18.540 --> 09:20.140 +recognize in different parts of the + +09:20.140 --> 09:21.860 +country at different meetings or community + +09:21.860 --> 09:24.220 +gatherings. And so I hope that during the + +09:24.220 --> 09:26.220 +day you'll take the opportunity to get to + +09:26.220 --> 09:29.240 +know some folks that may not be from where + +09:29.240 --> 09:31.840 +you're from and get a chance to help + +09:31.840 --> 09:34.200 +establish a tighter community base for all + +09:34.200 --> 09:37.140 +of us that way. I would also like to + +09:37.140 --> 09:38.900 +suggest that maybe there are a few + +09:38.900 --> 09:41.200 +different ways to think about how this + +09:41.200 --> 09:43.340 +gathering is situated and what this + +09:43.340 --> 09:46.080 +represents because I think it's important + +09:46.080 --> 09:48.820 +to be able to look at this assembly of + +09:48.820 --> 09:50.540 +people and to look back at how this + +09:50.540 --> 09:52.660 +connects with our past. And to think about + +09:52.660 --> 09:54.160 +how this connects you with previous + +09:54.160 --> 09:56.900 +generations within your own tribe, within + +09:56.900 --> 09:58.720 +your own communities, within the campus + +09:58.720 --> 10:00.520 +communities that you're a part of, within + +10:00.520 --> 10:02.660 +the whole idea of knowledge and what that + +10:02.660 --> 10:05.260 +represents for our communities. And so as + +10:05.260 --> 10:08.840 +you're here and as you're hopefully going + +10:08.840 --> 10:10.040 +through some of the excitement about + +10:10.040 --> 10:12.120 +thinking about things that people are + +10:12.120 --> 10:13.360 +going to present, you'll be able to feel + +10:13.360 --> 10:14.680 +some connection with those that have been + +10:14.680 --> 10:17.120 +here before you. I also hope that you'll + +10:17.120 --> 10:18.920 +feel a sense of that connection with the + +10:18.920 --> 10:20.940 +people that are here with you today, and + +10:20.940 --> 10:22.960 +that as you listen to people and engage in + +10:22.960 --> 10:24.740 +some discussions with each other, that + +10:24.740 --> 10:27.520 +you'll be able to do that in a friendly, + +10:27.740 --> 10:30.280 +cooperative, but even challenging way with + +10:30.280 --> 10:31.960 +each other, and to really help push each + +10:31.960 --> 10:34.740 +other to the best and the hardest thinking + +10:34.740 --> 10:37.160 +that you can do about things. And finally, + +10:37.360 --> 10:40.340 +which kind of brings me back to my old + +10:40.340 --> 10:44.140 +life, being, I think, more involved on a + +10:44.140 --> 10:46.540 +regular basis with the community here, I + +10:46.540 --> 10:48.800 +really hope that you'll carry some things + +10:48.800 --> 10:50.720 +away from this weekend that are going to + +10:50.720 --> 10:52.640 +help you within your own communities and + +10:52.640 --> 10:53.940 +especially that are going to help you + +10:53.940 --> 10:55.740 +reach out to one more person, one more + +10:55.740 --> 10:58.660 +student, whether they're a very young kid, + +10:58.760 --> 11:01.160 +whether they're in elementary school or + +11:01.160 --> 11:03.020 +junior high or high school, or maybe a + +11:03.020 --> 11:04.340 +college student on your own campus. + +11:04.520 --> 11:06.360 +Because the ultimate measure of how + +11:06.360 --> 11:09.360 +successful we are is going to be how much + +11:09.360 --> 11:11.320 +we're able to do to bring more people + +11:11.320 --> 11:13.480 +along with us. And so the knowledge, the + +11:13.480 --> 11:15.780 +kind of energy that you pick up today, I + +11:15.780 --> 11:17.680 +hope sustains you in your own activities, + +11:17.880 --> 11:21.000 +but I hope also helps you in your work as + +11:21.000 --> 11:22.900 +a community leader, as someone who has + +11:22.900 --> 11:25.940 +influence, as someone whose actions and + +11:25.940 --> 11:28.400 +thoughts and words carry a great deal of + +11:28.400 --> 11:30.420 +power. And so with that, I just want to + +11:30.420 --> 11:32.600 +say thanks to all of you for making the + +11:32.600 --> 11:35.820 +trip here early on a Saturday morning when + +11:35.820 --> 11:38.060 +I know that you've all been no doubt + +11:38.060 --> 11:39.720 +working hard on other things and we're + +11:39.720 --> 11:41.480 +getting up early this morning. It may not + +11:41.480 --> 11:43.860 +have been kind of what your original + +11:43.860 --> 11:46.620 +intention had been some time ago. We're + +11:46.620 --> 11:50.020 +just glad to have you here. And one final + +11:50.020 --> 11:52.080 +thing for, I guess I'll pass this along to + +11:52.080 --> 11:54.620 +Raina, is as the day goes on, you may find + +11:54.620 --> 11:56.360 +that you're in need of a break or + +11:56.360 --> 11:58.900 +something a little bit different. And so + +11:58.900 --> 12:01.520 +given that this is research, and I think + +12:01.520 --> 12:03.740 +sometimes people have fairly defined, + +12:03.880 --> 12:06.440 +rigid conceptions of research, I wanted to + +12:06.440 --> 12:08.700 +bring along a piece of poetry that was + +12:08.700 --> 12:10.800 +written by an Osage writer and poet named + +12:10.800 --> 12:13.860 +Dwayne Big Eagle, who has a poem entitled + +12:13.860 --> 12:15.720 +My Grandfather Was a Quantum Physicist + +12:15.720 --> 12:18.420 +that some of you may be familiar with. And + +12:18.420 --> 12:20.160 +so if there's a break and you need + +12:20.160 --> 12:23.140 +something a little kind of interesting and + +12:23.140 --> 12:25.580 +scholarly in a different way, I hope that + +12:25.580 --> 12:26.920 +this might be a benefit to you as well. + +12:28.660 --> 12:30.360 +Anyway, that's it. That's as long-winded + +12:30.360 --> 12:31.680 +as I can get speaking for me and the + +12:31.680 --> 12:35.100 +provost. Anyway, welcome. I'm glad that + +12:35.100 --> 12:38.920 +you're all here. Thanks, Jim. + +12:42.580 --> 12:45.880 +What we wanted to do also is if the + +12:45.880 --> 12:48.380 +professors who brought students, if they + +12:48.380 --> 12:50.460 +could introduce their students, you know, + +12:50.480 --> 12:52.660 +their name and their field and all that + +12:52.660 --> 12:56.400 +kind of thing. So we're going to go ahead + +12:56.400 --> 12:58.020 +and get started. + +13:00.740 --> 13:04.940 +So I'm going to let the professor from + +13:04.940 --> 13:08.360 +James here do the introductions. + +13:11.440 --> 13:12.660 +I just want to move up here a little. + +13:15.800 --> 13:18.260 +Let me just stand up for a minute so I can + +13:18.260 --> 13:19.240 +see everybody. + +13:22.600 --> 13:26.220 +I'm very glad to be here again. This year, + +13:26.280 --> 13:28.620 +I'm kind of reflecting, as we begin this + +13:28.620 --> 13:30.920 +day, on what we did last year. And it + +13:30.920 --> 13:33.540 +occurs to me that we've doubled in several + +13:33.540 --> 13:36.180 +ways. We've doubled in terms of the number + +13:36.180 --> 13:37.660 +of schools that are represented here. I + +13:37.660 --> 13:39.260 +think last year, it was just Stanford and + +13:39.260 --> 13:41.560 +UC Santa Cruz. and this year we've got + +13:41.560 --> 13:43.540 +people from Mills College and UC Berkeley + +13:43.540 --> 13:46.100 +is here too, is that right? So we're up to + +13:46.100 --> 13:47.680 +four schools in this area. That's + +13:47.680 --> 13:50.220 +exciting. We've doubled in the size of the + +13:50.220 --> 13:53.500 +room. That's always encouraging. We + +13:53.500 --> 13:55.440 +wouldn't have had enough room if we'd been + +13:55.440 --> 13:58.460 +back in that old space. And I've noticed, + +13:58.540 --> 14:00.120 +too, that we've doubled in the amount that + +14:00.120 --> 14:01.920 +Gil Ramirez is eating so far. + +14:05.980 --> 14:09.180 +I owed you one there. + +14:12.520 --> 14:15.800 +I had heard a lot of good things over the + +14:15.800 --> 14:17.280 +years about Jim Larimore, and it's been + +14:17.280 --> 14:20.500 +really nice to get a chance to meet him + +14:20.500 --> 14:22.540 +here this morning. And I feel like I've + +14:22.540 --> 14:25.460 +learned some things already. Although I'd + +14:25.460 --> 14:26.920 +heard what a wonderful person he was, I + +14:26.920 --> 14:28.360 +didn't realize how wise and knowledgeable + +14:28.360 --> 14:29.720 +he is because he said everything that I + +14:29.720 --> 14:32.340 +wanted to say. So I know he must be wise + +14:32.340 --> 14:36.420 +and knowledgeable. He said a lot of good + +14:36.420 --> 14:38.920 +things for us to keep in mind, and I don't + +14:38.920 --> 14:42.900 +have too much, nor should I really add to + +14:42.900 --> 14:45.000 +what he said. I do think this is an + +14:45.000 --> 14:47.520 +unusual event. I think that each one of us + +14:47.520 --> 14:51.220 +can think back in our own lives in + +14:51.220 --> 14:53.440 +whatever stage of the educational process + +14:53.440 --> 14:56.160 +that we may be in, and I mean the kind of + +14:56.160 --> 14:58.980 +restricted institutional formal kind of + +14:58.980 --> 15:01.140 +education that most of us in this room are + +15:01.140 --> 15:02.800 +involved in in one way or another. There's + +15:02.800 --> 15:04.980 +other kinds of education, other kinds of + +15:04.980 --> 15:08.280 +knowledge that maybe aren't as widely + +15:08.280 --> 15:10.560 +recognized as such by a lot of people as + +15:10.560 --> 15:12.660 +Jim has suggested. But certainly we can + +15:12.660 --> 15:14.300 +all think about our experiences in the + +15:14.300 --> 15:17.080 +educational institutions and realize that + +15:17.080 --> 15:19.040 +an event like this is a pretty unusual + +15:19.040 --> 15:21.620 +occurrence, or we can just come together + +15:21.620 --> 15:25.640 +in what has appropriately been called a + +15:25.640 --> 15:27.400 +research forum for American Indians, + +15:27.400 --> 15:33.220 +without having to defend the legitimacy of + +15:33.220 --> 15:36.280 +the kinds of concerns and questions and + +15:36.280 --> 15:39.420 +topics that we are concerned with before + +15:39.420 --> 15:42.120 +any kind of wider audience. So we can come + +15:42.120 --> 15:44.740 +together and talk to each other. That + +15:44.740 --> 15:46.360 +doesn't mean we all think alike. It + +15:46.360 --> 15:47.500 +doesn't mean that we all are going to + +15:47.500 --> 15:49.380 +approach any given issue in the same way. + +15:49.380 --> 15:51.940 +But that we can really come into this room + +15:51.940 --> 15:55.900 +and this space with a sense of community, + +15:56.260 --> 15:59.900 +of mutual understanding and respect and + +15:59.900 --> 16:01.200 +concern and have a meaningful + +16:01.200 --> 16:03.960 +conversation. We can say some things, talk + +16:03.960 --> 16:09.480 +about our own specific projects and also + +16:09.480 --> 16:11.040 +have a chance to learn from each other. + +16:11.040 --> 16:13.980 +Now I think one of the real ways in which + +16:13.980 --> 16:16.880 +the educational system fails us is when it + +16:16.880 --> 16:18.800 +creates a competitive environment that + +16:18.800 --> 16:21.780 +says that your worth is dependent on your + +16:21.780 --> 16:24.560 +GPA or the comments that the teacher + +16:24.560 --> 16:27.880 +writes on your paper or how you compare + +16:27.880 --> 16:32.080 +with other people. We know, I think, from + +16:32.080 --> 16:34.080 +a variety of different kinds of + +16:34.080 --> 16:36.560 +backgrounds that that kind of basis for + +16:36.560 --> 16:40.580 +human worth is not real solid. It actually + +16:40.580 --> 16:43.200 +contributes to a lot of the kinds of + +16:43.200 --> 16:45.440 +problems that we see in our society and in + +16:45.440 --> 16:48.340 +our own lives. So I would just kind of + +16:48.340 --> 16:50.620 +call that to our attention this morning, + +16:50.680 --> 16:52.860 +that we can kind of come to this with a + +16:52.860 --> 16:54.280 +different frame of mind, with a different + +16:54.280 --> 16:56.920 +understanding about what a human being is + +16:56.920 --> 16:58.880 +and what the importance of human + +16:58.880 --> 17:00.820 +creativity is. That doesn't mean that we + +17:00.820 --> 17:02.900 +can't challenge each other, that we can't + +17:02.900 --> 17:05.660 +push each other to think about issues in + +17:05.660 --> 17:07.220 +ways that we haven't looked at. I know I + +17:07.220 --> 17:10.240 +want to be challenged. I'm unfortunately + +17:10.240 --> 17:11.820 +not going to be here for the whole day. + +17:11.920 --> 17:15.000 +I'm going to Duluth, Minnesota, where I'm + +17:15.000 --> 17:16.600 +going to participate in the Tribal + +17:16.600 --> 17:18.880 +Colleges Consortium Annual Conference, + +17:19.060 --> 17:20.540 +something I've been looking forward to + +17:20.540 --> 17:23.980 +very well and for quite a long time and + +17:23.980 --> 17:26.360 +I'm going to be giving a kind of a + +17:26.360 --> 17:28.840 +workshop not really a I'm not going to + +17:28.840 --> 17:30.580 +make a presentation so much as a workshop + +17:30.580 --> 17:32.160 +on some things that I've been working on + +17:32.160 --> 17:34.260 +in Santa Cruz and mainly not because I + +17:34.260 --> 17:35.760 +think I have something to teach them but + +17:35.760 --> 17:37.640 +because I want to hear what they have to + +17:37.640 --> 17:39.640 +say to me from the tribal college context + +17:39.640 --> 17:43.080 +you know what we do at UC Santa Cruz so I + +17:43.080 --> 17:45.180 +think all of us can benefit from those + +17:45.180 --> 17:48.800 +kinds of feedback and and critique but + +17:48.800 --> 17:50.700 +that there's a way in which we can do that + +17:50.700 --> 17:53.280 +that builds builds us up as a community + +17:53.280 --> 17:55.420 +that builds us up as individuals rather + +17:55.420 --> 17:58.000 +than as in a sense of that well I have to + +17:58.000 --> 18:00.500 +show that I'm sharper than this person or + +18:00.500 --> 18:01.920 +I've thought about this a little more than + +18:01.920 --> 18:03.680 +they have or that there's any kind of a + +18:03.680 --> 18:06.820 +competitive competitive atmosphere you + +18:06.820 --> 18:10.040 +know we're all here for a reason this this + +18:10.040 --> 18:12.660 +forum has been facilitated and organized + +18:12.660 --> 18:16.680 +very very well by Iranian and and Gil + +18:16.680 --> 18:18.980 +Ramirez, and we owe them a lot of thanks. + +18:19.100 --> 18:20.280 +And I hope at the end of the day that + +18:20.280 --> 18:21.960 +you'll, or throughout the day that you'll + +18:21.960 --> 18:24.240 +have a chance to just express your + +18:24.240 --> 18:26.700 +appreciation for their work on this. But + +18:26.700 --> 18:29.240 +they've brought each of you here, you + +18:29.240 --> 18:32.260 +know, for a reason. And so there's nobody + +18:32.260 --> 18:34.840 +here that has to prove that they have a + +18:34.840 --> 18:36.140 +right to be here or that they have + +18:36.140 --> 18:37.860 +something to say. We're all kind of in + +18:37.860 --> 18:41.020 +this together, if you will. So I'm just + +18:41.020 --> 18:44.200 +gonna stop there there and maybe suggest a + +18:44.200 --> 18:48.040 +little bit about process. One of the ways + +18:48.040 --> 18:50.280 +we do have to sort of accommodate to the + +18:50.280 --> 18:52.740 +kinds of rules and regulations we've come + +18:52.740 --> 18:54.420 +to know on the institution has to do with + +18:54.420 --> 18:57.400 +the problem of time. And that is we've got + +18:57.400 --> 18:58.880 +a lot of people with a lot of good things + +18:58.880 --> 19:02.040 +to say here. And I know if we were maybe + +19:02.040 --> 19:05.460 +out at a community event or at an annual + +19:05.460 --> 19:09.660 +pow hour festival of some type, maybe we + +19:09.660 --> 19:11.900 +could put our watches away. way, but for + +19:11.900 --> 19:13.780 +the purposes of getting everyone a chance + +19:13.780 --> 19:15.540 +to speak, we are going to have to monitor + +19:15.540 --> 19:17.780 +the time just a little bit. So I'm going + +19:17.780 --> 19:20.120 +to, at least for the morning, I'll be + +19:20.120 --> 19:21.820 +gone. In the afternoon, you can handle it + +19:21.820 --> 19:24.460 +as you like, but for the morning, I think + +19:24.460 --> 19:26.080 +I'll just sit up here, and I'll probably + +19:26.080 --> 19:27.780 +prompt people when they get to about the + +19:27.780 --> 19:30.460 +10-minute mark with a slip of paper, and + +19:30.460 --> 19:31.880 +then give them about two more minutes just + +19:31.880 --> 19:34.600 +to wrap it up, and then we'll go from + +19:34.600 --> 19:36.360 +there into a time of question and answer, + +19:36.460 --> 19:38.400 +and really be thinking about, you know, + +19:38.400 --> 19:40.480 +engaging and listening listening actively, + +19:40.840 --> 19:42.820 +not just listening passively, but what's + +19:42.820 --> 19:44.780 +really being said and what's significant + +19:44.780 --> 19:46.220 +about what's going on here, and what might + +19:46.220 --> 19:48.220 +you be able to contribute. We'll also try + +19:48.220 --> 19:50.920 +to keep the questions to a fairly short + +19:50.920 --> 19:53.620 +format. If you want to make a speech, talk + +19:53.620 --> 19:55.040 +to Rani and she'll put you on the program. + +19:55.340 --> 19:58.640 +But if you just want to add another angle + +19:58.640 --> 20:00.620 +of thinking about something or ask a + +20:00.620 --> 20:01.940 +question, that would be the appropriate + +20:01.940 --> 20:03.500 +way, and we'll try to get as many people + +20:03.500 --> 20:05.700 +involved in that dialogue as possible. In + +20:05.700 --> 20:06.940 +fact, I was also going to suggest, if + +20:06.940 --> 20:09.840 +there's a couple people in the back tables + +20:09.840 --> 20:12.360 +who want to move up to these two seats in + +20:12.360 --> 20:13.720 +the front here, there's still a couple of + +20:13.720 --> 20:15.740 +open if you want to be part of this closer + +20:15.740 --> 20:19.580 +circle here. I just wanted to add that I + +20:19.580 --> 20:22.100 +asked Robert Warrior if he could help + +20:22.100 --> 20:25.180 +facilitate the question and answer. So if + +20:25.180 --> 20:28.120 +you want to say something, just kind of + +20:28.120 --> 20:30.540 +look at Robert and maybe just make a sign + +20:30.540 --> 20:32.740 +or something, and then he can kind of help + +20:32.740 --> 20:34.780 +with that. Do you want to move up here? + +20:34.880 --> 20:35.020 +Yeah. + +20:42.340 --> 20:45.460 +Anybody else that wants to just make a + +20:45.460 --> 20:47.380 +comment before we get going here, or a + +20:47.380 --> 20:50.020 +response of any type to the opening + +20:50.020 --> 20:52.040 +comments? The other thing I wanted to do, + +20:52.100 --> 20:58.300 +just before we began, is which I wanted to + +20:58.300 --> 20:59.620 +go around the room and make sure everyone + +20:59.620 --> 21:02.100 +just said their name, their tribe, and + +21:02.100 --> 21:06.380 +their school. Cool, so I don't know. Maybe + +21:06.380 --> 21:11.240 +start back here. Platt, Uendi, Ojibwe, + +21:11.460 --> 21:16.000 +thank you. Jim Larimore, still from + +21:16.000 --> 21:19.940 +Stanford, conventions. Lloyd Lee, Dine + +21:19.940 --> 21:23.220 +from Stanford. Penny Woodward, Pasquilero + +21:23.220 --> 21:26.900 +from Stanford. Jill Leveris, from + +21:26.900 --> 21:27.620 +Stanford. + +21:54.100 --> 21:56.680 +I love Warrior Osage. + +22:08.260 --> 22:21.020 +James Stacking 21 Foxальное and I'm James + +22:21.020 --> 22:24.360 +James Treat Creek, teaching UC Santa Cruz. + +22:25.240 --> 22:27.720 +So. Tina Pearson, Nana Cook and from + +22:27.720 --> 22:28.660 +Stanford. + +22:31.160 --> 22:33.500 +Rainier Maris, Winnebago and Chippewa from + +22:33.500 --> 22:36.780 +Stanford. Melinda Miko, Sunwell Creek and + +22:36.780 --> 22:39.620 +Choctaw from Mills College. Jessica A. + +22:39.620 --> 22:41.500 +Navajo, San Luis, University of San + +22:41.500 --> 22:44.880 +Francisco. Allen Brown, Choctaw, Chippewa, + +22:45.120 --> 22:46.480 +Colorado, and . + +23:02.680 --> 23:04.960 +I'm Larry Gross from Minnesota Chippewa. + +23:05.520 --> 23:07.380 +Right now I'm at Smith College in + +23:07.380 --> 23:09.760 +Northampton, Massachusetts. Come a long + +23:09.760 --> 23:12.320 +way for this emplosium. That's pretty + +23:12.320 --> 23:12.580 +good. + +23:23.420 --> 23:25.300 +Yeah, if at the end of the day you feel + +23:25.300 --> 23:27.500 +like it wasn't good, see Tina about + +23:27.500 --> 23:30.140 +getting your money back. She'll be glad to + +23:30.140 --> 23:31.900 +help you out. Not on the flight, just the + +23:31.900 --> 23:32.360 +registration. + +23:36.000 --> 23:38.040 +Okay, well let's begin then. Oh, I'm + +23:38.040 --> 23:41.200 +sorry. Yes, Gil? I just wanted to say, for + +23:41.200 --> 23:43.040 +those people that are not from here, kind + +23:43.040 --> 23:44.560 +of some important things. The bathrooms + +23:44.560 --> 23:47.440 +are downstairs. There's a men's bathroom + +23:47.440 --> 23:50.000 +right below here. And the women's bathroom + +23:50.000 --> 23:56.120 +is down the hall. Anyone else? Okay, we'll + +23:56.120 --> 23:58.800 +go ahead and get started then. It's my + +23:58.800 --> 24:01.860 +pleasure to introduce our first presenter + +24:01.860 --> 24:04.100 +from UC Santa Cruz. Terri Greaves is + +24:04.100 --> 24:06.040 +Kiowa. She's listed as history of + +24:06.040 --> 24:08.700 +consciousness, which is sort of wishful + +24:08.700 --> 24:10.400 +thinking on somebody's part, not mine. + +24:10.500 --> 24:12.840 +She's actually in American studies. I wish + +24:12.840 --> 24:14.300 +I could convince her to stick around and + +24:14.300 --> 24:16.000 +be a grad student at ISKCON so I could + +24:16.000 --> 24:17.980 +continue to work with her. But she's a + +24:17.980 --> 24:21.220 +graduating senior. And she's teaching a + +24:21.220 --> 24:23.140 +student-directed seminar this quarter, + +24:23.240 --> 24:26.260 +which is her last quarter, titled Indians, + +24:26.500 --> 24:28.620 +Redskins, Bucks, and Squaws, Images of + +24:28.620 --> 24:30.980 +Indians in American Popular Culture, which + +24:30.980 --> 24:32.880 +just started on Wednesday. She's only had + +24:32.880 --> 24:35.400 +one meeting. She's going to talk to us + +24:35.400 --> 24:37.340 +about her research, which she's been + +24:37.340 --> 24:39.820 +working on for a year or so, that went + +24:39.820 --> 24:41.280 +into the course, and then talk about her + +24:41.280 --> 24:43.020 +course design and some of the things, the + +24:43.020 --> 24:45.420 +kinds of methodological and theoretical + +24:45.420 --> 24:48.000 +issues that that raises. And I think it's + +24:48.000 --> 24:51.260 +a topic that we all can relate to at some + +24:51.260 --> 24:53.720 +level and hopefully will provoke some good + +24:53.720 --> 24:57.580 +discussion that may actually feed into her + +24:57.580 --> 25:02.600 +course too. So, Terri? Well, like you + +25:02.600 --> 25:07.200 +said, I'm teaching this class and, well, I + +25:07.200 --> 25:08.620 +guess I'm going to be a little more + +25:08.620 --> 25:14.860 +autobiographical than theoretical. But the + +25:14.860 --> 25:18.260 +reason why I started this, this class was + +25:18.260 --> 25:20.660 +going to be my thesis. And the reason why + +25:20.660 --> 25:22.460 +I started looking into images of Indians + +25:22.460 --> 25:26.860 +is because my mom owned an Indian arts and + +25:26.860 --> 25:28.940 +crafts store on Wind River Reservation in + +25:28.940 --> 25:34.060 +Wyoming. And my entire life, all the money + +25:34.060 --> 25:37.420 +that we've survived off of has come from + +25:37.420 --> 25:41.300 +selling Indian things and has come from + +25:41.300 --> 25:46.560 +consumers want of those Indian things and + +25:46.560 --> 25:50.540 +that identity. and I remember being a + +25:50.540 --> 25:52.880 +little girl and my mother always used to + +25:52.880 --> 25:55.820 +keep our hair in braids and we used to + +25:55.820 --> 25:57.780 +play in front of the store and the white + +25:57.780 --> 26:00.520 +tourists would ask us for photographs and + +26:00.520 --> 26:02.020 +sometimes they'd give us money for it and + +26:02.020 --> 26:04.780 +sometimes they wouldn't. But we thought it + +26:04.780 --> 26:06.600 +was all fun and good and we'd get like + +26:06.600 --> 26:09.540 +five bucks out of the deal. And basically + +26:09.540 --> 26:11.120 +I guess they would come to the reservation + +26:11.120 --> 26:14.480 +on their way to Yellowstone Park to see + +26:14.480 --> 26:17.320 +Indians and they saw us, which is sort of + +26:17.320 --> 26:19.120 +funny because we're Kiowa and Comanche. + +26:19.280 --> 26:21.720 +We're not Shoshone or Arapaho from the + +26:21.720 --> 26:28.500 +reservation, you know. And so part of what + +26:28.500 --> 26:32.580 +my mother does is she sells herself along + +26:32.580 --> 26:36.620 +with the arts and crafts. She dresses sort + +26:36.620 --> 26:38.000 +of like the old ladies on the reservation + +26:38.000 --> 26:39.840 +dress, and she's always dressed like that + +26:39.840 --> 26:41.260 +from as long as I can remember, like + +26:41.260 --> 26:46.200 +before I was born. and that is one of the + +26:46.200 --> 26:49.700 +biggest selling points to the things that + +26:49.700 --> 26:51.460 +she sells in her store. She's now in Santa + +26:51.460 --> 26:54.560 +Fe. And last summer when I was in Santa Fe + +26:54.560 --> 26:56.040 +visiting, I was hanging out in the store + +26:56.040 --> 26:59.960 +with her and she was standing there and my + +26:59.960 --> 27:03.640 +mother's like, you know, 60 now and she + +27:03.640 --> 27:05.560 +was standing there and this white woman + +27:05.560 --> 27:07.760 +came in and saw her and thought she was + +27:07.760 --> 27:09.540 +just the cutest thing in the world and ran + +27:09.540 --> 27:11.160 +right over to her and grabbed a hold of + +27:11.160 --> 27:12.800 +her braids and sort of yanked on them and + +27:12.800 --> 27:15.020 +said, oh, you're so cute, you're so cute. + +27:15.740 --> 27:19.560 +And I remember looking at that and just + +27:19.560 --> 27:21.640 +being obviously appalled and wanting to + +27:21.640 --> 27:25.220 +hit this woman. But my mom, who deals with + +27:25.220 --> 27:28.020 +this on a daily basis, was very composed + +27:28.020 --> 27:29.780 +and said to her, please don't touch my + +27:29.780 --> 27:32.880 +hair. And I saw over this woman's face a + +27:32.880 --> 27:34.480 +sudden realization that she was dealing + +27:34.480 --> 27:36.940 +with a human being and not a doll, not + +27:36.940 --> 27:39.920 +this cute little Indian woman to be + +27:39.920 --> 27:41.940 +fondled or touched or bought or whatever. + +27:42.580 --> 27:47.840 +And I don't know, so that's what's led me + +27:47.840 --> 27:50.460 +to look into these, to look into what + +27:50.460 --> 27:54.240 +we're seen as and how we create ourselves + +27:54.240 --> 27:56.380 +the way that my mother has created herself + +27:56.380 --> 27:58.400 +because in a way she's brought this upon + +27:58.400 --> 28:01.600 +herself. I mean she could dress like a + +28:01.600 --> 28:04.940 +white person and blend in and she doesn't. + +28:04.940 --> 28:07.140 +She sticks herself out and she does it for + +28:07.140 --> 28:11.720 +survival. And it's more than just survival + +28:11.720 --> 28:16.240 +of money. It's cultural survival also. And + +28:16.240 --> 28:22.440 +so let's see. So I've been working on this + +28:22.440 --> 28:25.700 +research for like almost two years now. + +28:26.000 --> 28:28.200 +And I've come up with this really huge + +28:28.200 --> 28:31.660 +bibliography. Part of it is annotated and + +28:31.660 --> 28:33.980 +part of it is unannotated. The last six + +28:33.980 --> 28:36.620 +pages are unannotated. And it's all + +28:36.620 --> 28:39.600 +information, books, periodicals, articles, + +28:39.860 --> 28:42.360 +films that I've come up with that all deal + +28:42.360 --> 28:45.520 +with this issue in one way or another. And + +28:45.520 --> 28:48.080 +I'd be happy to give this out. I'd really + +28:48.080 --> 28:50.080 +like this information to get out there. I + +28:50.080 --> 28:52.260 +hold no claim to it at all. The more + +28:52.260 --> 28:53.920 +people who look at it and think about it, + +28:53.980 --> 28:56.840 +the better. And the one thing that I found + +28:56.840 --> 28:59.000 +and the way that I structured my course + +28:59.000 --> 29:03.260 +was is there's two approaches to Indian + +29:03.260 --> 29:06.200 +images and Indian identity from the + +29:06.200 --> 29:09.520 +outside. And the first one comes from a + +29:09.520 --> 29:11.660 +white perspective which looks at the + +29:11.660 --> 29:14.020 +images as created by white people and + +29:14.020 --> 29:19.400 +imposed. And then there's in the last, I'd + +29:19.400 --> 29:22.540 +say maybe even ten years, not even that + +29:22.540 --> 29:24.400 +long, there's a whole bunch of Indian + +29:24.400 --> 29:26.640 +research and Indian writing and thinking + +29:26.640 --> 29:33.680 +that sees Indian identity as that we have + +29:33.680 --> 29:35.820 +agency in creating our Indian identity, + +29:35.860 --> 29:37.560 +the way that my mother dresses up and + +29:37.560 --> 29:43.120 +sells herself. yourself. And so, what was + +29:43.120 --> 29:43.700 +I going to say? + +29:48.700 --> 29:50.980 +Oh, one of the films that I'm looking at + +29:50.980 --> 29:54.100 +is by a Hopi filmmaker. His name is Victor + +29:54.100 --> 29:56.140 +Masayeswa. I'm probably totally + +29:56.140 --> 29:58.880 +slaughtering that name. But he did this + +29:58.880 --> 30:01.840 +film called Imagining Indians and it's an + +30:01.840 --> 30:03.820 +excellent film. And it brings up issues + +30:03.820 --> 30:07.540 +that for Native Americans, which is not a + +30:07.540 --> 30:11.700 +lot, most of what I found doesn't bring up + +30:11.700 --> 30:14.760 +those issues for Native Americans and what + +30:14.760 --> 30:18.900 +he writes about or what he what he + +30:18.900 --> 30:21.980 +visually shows is Indians dealing with + +30:21.980 --> 30:25.400 +this this thing of having responsibility + +30:25.400 --> 30:29.760 +for what we allow to be consumed what we + +30:29.760 --> 30:33.480 +allow to be be commodified and one of the + +30:33.480 --> 30:37.720 +things that he talks about is is sacred + +30:37.720 --> 30:39.960 +items that are now for sale or sacred + +30:39.960 --> 30:42.360 +items that have been turned into tourists + +30:42.360 --> 30:45.560 +tourist items like pipe bags or something + +30:45.560 --> 30:51.380 +like that and how we help that we help the + +30:51.380 --> 30:54.880 +we help we help in losing the sacred of + +30:54.880 --> 30:57.700 +our communities by by by doing that, by + +30:57.700 --> 31:00.180 +allowing things to be commodified. And + +31:00.180 --> 31:02.740 +it's something that I personally have a + +31:02.740 --> 31:04.360 +lot of interest in because I'm a + +31:04.360 --> 31:07.000 +beadworker. It's like I haven't had a real + +31:07.000 --> 31:09.900 +job for the last, I don't know, five or + +31:09.900 --> 31:11.780 +six years. And I've made most of my money + +31:11.780 --> 31:14.600 +in the last few years on beadwork. And + +31:14.600 --> 31:19.600 +what I create holds huge implications. + +31:20.780 --> 31:23.560 +What I decide to allow to be sold, the + +31:23.560 --> 31:28.680 +designs I decide to use, it can be + +31:28.680 --> 31:31.640 +extremely appropriative and a really + +31:31.640 --> 31:33.580 +sticky situation the more I think about + +31:33.580 --> 31:39.340 +it. So he talks about, Victor Masayeswa + +31:39.340 --> 31:42.580 +talks about this responsibility that we + +31:42.580 --> 31:44.660 +have as Indian people to our own identity + +31:44.660 --> 31:50.620 +and keeping the sacred sacred and using + +31:50.620 --> 31:55.640 +our good judgment, using not letting money + +31:55.640 --> 31:57.820 +talk all the time. And it's a really + +31:57.820 --> 31:59.680 +difficult lesson for me to learn because + +31:59.680 --> 32:02.860 +I'm poor and I really need the money. But + +32:02.860 --> 32:05.700 +I don't know. + +32:09.420 --> 32:14.660 +Let's see. I don't know like what else to + +32:14.660 --> 32:17.000 +say about this. I'm teaching this class + +32:17.000 --> 32:18.640 +and unfortunately most of the students in + +32:18.640 --> 32:20.920 +my class are white and I don't think that + +32:20.920 --> 32:22.720 +we're going to get into those issues that + +32:22.720 --> 32:25.600 +I would like to get into and they're + +32:25.600 --> 32:28.020 +really issues that maybe only Indians can + +32:28.020 --> 32:29.540 +talk about because it's our identity + +32:29.540 --> 32:33.180 +that's at stake. And we're the ones that + +32:33.180 --> 32:36.360 +need to take control over the theorizing + +32:36.360 --> 32:40.380 +and the writing that's done on who we are + +32:40.380 --> 32:46.480 +and what our image is to the public. And I + +32:46.480 --> 32:49.700 +don't know. I think I'm going to stop + +32:49.700 --> 32:51.420 +there because I could go into, like, + +32:51.420 --> 32:53.640 +greater detail about things, like + +32:53.640 --> 32:55.540 +particulars that I found out about images, + +32:55.660 --> 32:58.380 +but, you know, that might be boring. + +33:01.080 --> 33:04.280 +Thanks, Sherry. Are there questions people + +33:04.280 --> 33:05.200 +have right off the bat? + +33:08.240 --> 33:10.420 +You used two terms in your presentation, + +33:10.660 --> 33:12.780 +sacred and culture. How would you define + +33:12.780 --> 33:14.220 +those terms? Oh, geez. + +33:21.240 --> 33:24.860 +Well, I can only answer personally. I + +33:24.860 --> 33:27.140 +don't know how else to answer, and I can + +33:27.140 --> 33:30.900 +only answer from experience. And identity + +33:30.900 --> 33:35.240 +is such a twisted thing in America, and it + +33:35.240 --> 33:37.740 +has to do with race and for Indians it has + +33:37.740 --> 33:40.920 +to do with blood quantum. And for me, my + +33:40.920 --> 33:44.040 +understanding is I've seen Indians that + +33:44.040 --> 33:45.560 +aren't really Indians, you know what I + +33:45.560 --> 33:46.640 +mean? Blood quantum, they're not + +33:46.640 --> 33:48.260 +recognized and it's the culture that ends + +33:48.260 --> 33:50.200 +up ultimately defining how they're + +33:50.200 --> 33:56.640 +received by their communities. And so in a + +33:56.640 --> 33:59.960 +way I think that culture... Do I sound + +33:59.960 --> 34:01.100 +like an anthropologist? I don't know, + +34:01.140 --> 34:03.900 +maybe I do. But I think that culture + +34:03.900 --> 34:08.760 +really defines a great deal of our + +34:08.760 --> 34:11.240 +identity, obviously. And what was the + +34:11.240 --> 34:12.920 +other term? Sacred. + +34:16.100 --> 34:18.360 +Now that's really sticky. That's like + +34:18.360 --> 34:19.060 +terribly sticky. + +34:23.020 --> 34:27.940 +Well, Well, the way that Victor was using + +34:27.940 --> 34:33.440 +it in this film was those things that are + +34:33.440 --> 34:37.220 +central to our identity. And those things + +34:37.220 --> 34:38.880 +that are central to our identity can be + +34:38.880 --> 34:41.440 +seen as culture. They can also be seen as + +34:41.440 --> 34:44.060 +a form of faith or religion. I don't like + +34:44.060 --> 34:45.620 +the word religion. It seems too + +34:45.620 --> 34:47.640 +institutional. I like the word faith + +34:47.640 --> 34:49.820 +better, because it can come in any form. + +34:49.820 --> 34:52.840 +And I think that they're sacred for all + +34:52.840 --> 34:55.600 +people, not just Indians, obviously. And I + +34:55.600 --> 34:58.280 +don't know, I guess that's how I define + +34:58.280 --> 34:59.620 +it. I don't know if that answered your + +34:59.620 --> 34:59.900 +question. + +35:04.020 --> 35:07.420 +I have a question. When you're teaching in + +35:07.420 --> 35:09.820 +this group, and you're the white students + +35:09.820 --> 35:13.760 +there, are you getting the sense from them + +35:13.760 --> 35:16.080 +that they're reinforcing those ideas is + +35:16.080 --> 35:20.240 +about objectifying Indians as a commercial + +35:20.240 --> 35:22.980 +commodity? Are you trying to undo it? Do + +35:22.980 --> 35:25.400 +you see that coming from them? Are they + +35:25.400 --> 35:27.740 +wanting to take that and again go out and + +35:27.740 --> 35:31.080 +learn enough to again follow that path? + +35:33.000 --> 35:34.840 +I've only had one class meeting, so I + +35:34.840 --> 35:38.200 +can't tell you. I know it's kind of an + +35:38.200 --> 35:41.000 +unfair question. But just even thinking + +35:41.000 --> 35:42.560 +about it, because I always teach in + +35:42.560 --> 35:44.040 +classes that I've heard and I would like + +35:44.040 --> 35:50.440 +to use those two. Yeah. Yeah. Well, you + +35:50.440 --> 35:52.380 +know, my hope is that I won't be + +35:52.380 --> 35:54.720 +reinforcing the stereotypes. And I think + +35:54.720 --> 35:58.340 +that the strategy that I'm going to use is + +35:58.340 --> 36:00.820 +to constantly refer back to myself because + +36:00.820 --> 36:04.060 +I'm a living model, right, standing in + +36:04.060 --> 36:05.880 +front of them, breathing in front of them. + +36:06.060 --> 36:09.400 +And I have these stories. Hopefully they + +36:09.400 --> 36:10.840 +won't get bored by them. But I have all + +36:10.840 --> 36:15.260 +these stories of what, how, I mean my + +36:15.260 --> 36:16.800 +mom's in the art business and the art + +36:16.800 --> 36:18.900 +business is all about identity. It's all + +36:18.900 --> 36:21.540 +about image. I mean image is the first + +36:21.540 --> 36:24.140 +thing that sells. The art comes later. And + +36:24.140 --> 36:27.580 +if I can in some way use my life as an + +36:27.580 --> 36:32.820 +example to show them maybe insights that + +36:32.820 --> 36:35.020 +they're not going to get by reading, you + +36:35.020 --> 36:36.500 +know, there's a really excellent book + +36:36.500 --> 36:37.800 +called The White Man's Indian. I'm sure + +36:37.800 --> 36:40.500 +you know it. at Burkhofer and you can't + +36:40.500 --> 36:42.120 +get that from Burkhofer, you know what I + +36:42.120 --> 36:43.180 +mean? It comes from a different + +36:43.180 --> 36:46.540 +perspective. So I just hope by just + +36:46.540 --> 36:50.260 +physically being there is going to push + +36:50.260 --> 36:54.380 +it, push the issue past those stereotypes. + +36:54.680 --> 36:56.000 +I don't know if it's going to work or not. + +36:56.480 --> 36:58.200 +I've heard all kinds of horror stories + +36:58.200 --> 37:00.460 +about how it doesn't work, so we'll see. + +37:00.840 --> 37:02.360 +Do you want to talk about how your course + +37:02.360 --> 37:04.560 +design addresses this issue as well in + +37:04.560 --> 37:05.760 +terms of the first half and the second + +37:05.760 --> 37:08.500 +half? the films you're using? Yeah, the + +37:08.500 --> 37:15.440 +first half of the course is all work + +37:15.440 --> 37:20.040 +written by non-Indians. And the film, I'm + +37:20.040 --> 37:23.700 +only showing one film, is Thunderheart. + +37:24.060 --> 37:27.140 +And they come from the white perspective. + +37:27.340 --> 37:29.100 +And some of them, it's just some of it's + +37:29.100 --> 37:31.000 +really excellent work. And I really + +37:31.000 --> 37:33.120 +appreciate that. Some of it is very + +37:33.120 --> 37:36.020 +controversial. controversial and I really + +37:36.020 --> 37:38.600 +appreciate that too. And hopefully in the + +37:38.600 --> 37:41.220 +class we can see how controversial and how + +37:42.860 --> 37:45.420 +almost like polar opposite it is from the + +37:45.420 --> 37:49.420 +Indian created writing and analysis, which + +37:49.420 --> 37:51.700 +is the second half of the course. And I'm + +37:51.700 --> 37:55.500 +using three films. They're all films by + +37:55.500 --> 37:57.360 +Indian people. Navajo Talking Pictures, + +37:57.580 --> 37:59.140 +Imagining Indians, and Herald of Orange. + +37:59.380 --> 38:03.200 +And I think I mean, in particular, + +38:03.480 --> 38:06.600 +Imagining Indians and Herald of Orange are + +38:06.600 --> 38:08.900 +like two of, like they, when I watched + +38:08.900 --> 38:10.300 +Imagining Indians for the first time, I + +38:10.300 --> 38:11.940 +was like, yes, this is exactly what I want + +38:11.940 --> 38:13.480 +to try to get across in my course, this + +38:13.480 --> 38:15.700 +film. And if they can understand that film + +38:15.700 --> 38:18.000 +by the end of the class, I'll be really + +38:18.000 --> 38:20.060 +happy. I'll be really happy I'll have + +38:20.060 --> 38:20.460 +succeeded. + +38:24.280 --> 38:29.980 +I think you answered my question. In + +38:29.980 --> 38:32.600 +helping to deal with issues of identity, + +38:33.180 --> 38:35.720 +it seems like you have a couple audiences, + +38:36.040 --> 38:42.080 +one non-Indians as well. And so I was + +38:42.080 --> 38:48.140 +wondering in class how you can, part of + +38:48.140 --> 38:52.420 +that would be the law of the team. I was + +38:52.420 --> 38:55.220 +wondering how you can do that, make that + +38:55.220 --> 38:59.340 +powerful. Right. I think you may have + +38:59.340 --> 39:00.760 +already answered my question. + +39:04.260 --> 39:07.660 +The class is a discussion class. It is not + +39:07.660 --> 39:10.820 +a lecture class. class. I cannot imagine + +39:10.820 --> 39:13.700 +myself lecturing. Like that just seems + +39:13.700 --> 39:18.660 +really foreign to me. So, and the other + +39:18.660 --> 39:19.940 +thing that I have going for me is I'm a + +39:19.940 --> 39:22.400 +student. I'm totally equal level. I don't + +39:22.400 --> 39:24.240 +have an office. I don't have, you know, a + +39:24.240 --> 39:26.400 +super like professors box at the steno + +39:26.400 --> 39:27.920 +pool or whatever. Well, actually that's + +39:27.920 --> 39:32.700 +not true. I do. But anyway, it's like + +39:32.700 --> 39:34.920 +almost a level playing field that I'm + +39:34.920 --> 39:37.200 +coming from that that professors don't + +39:37.200 --> 39:41.240 +have. And I hope that, I mean, when we're + +39:41.240 --> 39:43.340 +out in the real world, isn't that when we + +39:43.340 --> 39:45.260 +connect with another person, when we + +39:45.260 --> 39:47.500 +really connect, it's when we feel like + +39:47.500 --> 39:49.820 +we're on a level playing field, when we + +39:49.820 --> 39:53.220 +can really hear what they're saying. So + +39:53.220 --> 39:54.880 +I'm hoping that that's going to come + +39:54.880 --> 39:58.180 +through. I don't know. We'll see. At the + +39:58.180 --> 39:59.540 +end of the quarter, when I'm not + +39:59.540 --> 40:01.100 +graduating, because my class is a total + +40:01.100 --> 40:04.740 +failure, we'll see. When my students hate + +40:04.740 --> 40:08.760 +my guts. I think I'm taking the hard line. + +40:10.640 --> 40:13.100 +I just wanted to ask you if you have any + +40:13.100 --> 40:16.700 +questions from your experience. If you + +40:16.700 --> 40:19.320 +might want to ask, pose any questions here + +40:19.320 --> 40:21.820 +since we have all kind of different people + +40:21.820 --> 40:26.000 +here in the room with the wide points of + +40:26.000 --> 40:26.200 +view. + +40:34.000 --> 40:36.180 +Well, I don't know. I guess my question + +40:36.180 --> 40:40.880 +would be, I + +40:40.880 --> 40:44.200 +keep coming back to this film by Victor + +40:44.200 --> 40:46.060 +Masayesva, which it just, it's an + +40:46.060 --> 40:48.080 +incredible film and I recommend it to + +40:48.080 --> 40:52.200 +anyone, everyone. everyone. And he shows + +40:52.200 --> 40:58.840 +the scene of these paintings on a rock + +40:58.840 --> 41:03.820 +wall and he's talking about like looking + +41:03.820 --> 41:07.700 +back through time how once we used to make + +41:07.700 --> 41:10.600 +these things for survival, for life, and + +41:10.600 --> 41:12.580 +then somewhere along the line money + +41:12.580 --> 41:14.540 +started to be exchanged for these items. + +41:14.540 --> 41:17.240 +And then somewhere along the line after + +41:17.240 --> 41:20.420 +that we stopped claiming responsibility + +41:20.420 --> 41:24.600 +for that whole process of exchange for + +41:24.600 --> 41:27.560 +survival. Maybe not seeing it or seeing it + +41:27.560 --> 41:29.120 +in the same light or not seeing it in the + +41:29.120 --> 41:35.220 +same light. And I just wonder, like I + +41:35.220 --> 41:37.640 +said, it's a really difficult question for + +41:37.640 --> 41:39.980 +me to deal with. Like my own + +41:39.980 --> 41:43.040 +responsibility to what I do, to the art + +41:43.040 --> 41:47.880 +that I do. And, but + +41:47.880 --> 41:50.340 +at the same instance, I do feel this + +41:50.340 --> 41:52.500 +responsibility to the sacred, whatever the + +41:52.500 --> 41:56.620 +heck that is, I don't know. And I don't + +41:56.620 --> 41:58.660 +know, I guess my question is, what do + +41:58.660 --> 42:03.320 +people think about that? I mean, it's, of + +42:03.320 --> 42:05.380 +course, I think, like, people have always, + +42:05.500 --> 42:07.080 +Indian people have always done that. But + +42:07.080 --> 42:09.160 +to a certain extent, like with the, I can + +42:09.160 --> 42:10.780 +see it in the movie industry better than + +42:10.780 --> 42:16.700 +any other industry, is Indian film stars + +42:16.700 --> 42:18.960 +walking into roles that maybe are not the + +42:18.960 --> 42:21.760 +best roles to be walking into. And doing + +42:21.760 --> 42:25.400 +it for money. And then not liking to hear + +42:25.400 --> 42:27.100 +any criticism of them coming from the + +42:27.100 --> 42:28.660 +Indian community for doing that. And + +42:28.660 --> 42:30.920 +saying, oh well, the Indian community is + +42:30.920 --> 42:32.740 +poor and this is a way that I'm getting + +42:32.740 --> 42:37.060 +out of it. but in a way it compromises our + +42:37.060 --> 42:41.940 +identity. Can I just add something to that + +42:41.940 --> 42:43.660 +based on some conversations that we've had + +42:43.660 --> 42:45.300 +in my office that she hasn't quite said it + +42:45.300 --> 42:47.440 +this way, but I think some of the things + +42:47.440 --> 42:49.760 +that I've learned from Terry in terms of + +42:49.760 --> 42:51.320 +the questions that she's asking that she's + +42:51.320 --> 42:53.820 +posing to the people in this room is that + +42:53.820 --> 42:57.020 +it's one thing for us to stand up and + +42:57.020 --> 42:58.740 +lament the commodification of Indian + +42:58.740 --> 43:00.120 +culture or the inappropriate + +43:00.120 --> 43:04.000 +appropriations + +43:04.000 --> 43:05.320 +committed in the name of New Age + +43:05.320 --> 43:07.780 +spirituality and on down the list. But + +43:07.780 --> 43:09.600 +what happens when we acknowledge that + +43:09.600 --> 43:12.180 +Indian people, both today and in the past, + +43:12.240 --> 43:14.720 +have been active participants? Not all + +43:14.720 --> 43:16.280 +Indian people, but there have been some. + +43:16.620 --> 43:18.000 +What do we do when we acknowledge that + +43:18.000 --> 43:19.460 +Indian people have been participating in + +43:19.460 --> 43:21.080 +that? And the question is not a question + +43:21.080 --> 43:22.860 +of politics. It's not a question of laying + +43:22.860 --> 43:24.860 +blame, so much as it's an intellectual + +43:24.860 --> 43:27.160 +question, which is to ask, what's going on + +43:27.160 --> 43:29.520 +culturally? What's the significance of + +43:29.520 --> 43:31.940 +that? It's not that by acknowledging that + +43:31.940 --> 43:33.400 +Indian people have been participating in + +43:33.400 --> 43:35.640 +it that thereby we can't blame non-Indians + +43:35.640 --> 43:38.240 +for what they're doing. It's an + +43:38.240 --> 43:39.920 +intellectual question, as I understand the + +43:39.920 --> 43:41.460 +way you're approaching it. She's really + +43:41.460 --> 43:42.760 +asking the question, what does this mean + +43:42.760 --> 43:45.020 +for us? What does this mean about Indian + +43:45.020 --> 43:47.780 +culture? What does it tell us? What kinds + +43:47.780 --> 43:50.140 +of questions does it ask? I haven't heard + +43:50.140 --> 43:51.380 +you say it quite that way today, but + +43:51.380 --> 43:52.420 +that's what I've picked up in our + +43:52.420 --> 43:54.580 +conversations as you worked on this + +43:54.580 --> 43:58.080 +research. I'll make a quick comment and + +43:58.080 --> 44:01.120 +then give them to other questions. I think + +44:01.120 --> 44:05.000 +it illustrates to Terry and James that it + +44:05.000 --> 44:08.940 +represents a crisis intellectually, but + +44:08.940 --> 44:10.040 +also at the level of responsibility. + +44:10.320 --> 44:11.480 +There's a moment, I think we've been + +44:11.480 --> 44:15.020 +talking about the same film, of Rodney + +44:15.020 --> 44:17.380 +Grant from Dance with Wolves, making a + +44:17.380 --> 44:19.420 +comment in that film, it's the same one, + +44:19.480 --> 44:23.460 +right? and where Victor poses to him the + +44:23.460 --> 44:25.120 +question about commodifying himself, + +44:25.360 --> 44:27.320 +basically. What roles do you take? Which + +44:27.320 --> 44:30.840 +ones do you not take? And one of the + +44:30.840 --> 44:33.640 +questions is, well, are you going to take + +44:33.640 --> 44:35.600 +responsibility for creating Native + +44:35.600 --> 44:38.020 +American film industry, for films by + +44:38.020 --> 44:40.540 +Native American directors like Victor? + +44:40.740 --> 44:44.020 +Would you take $5,000 to do a film with me + +44:44.020 --> 44:45.740 +instead of $1,000,000 to do a film over + +44:45.740 --> 44:50.260 +here? And Rodney Grant ends up sort of + +44:50.260 --> 44:53.520 +avoiding the question. He doesn't want to + +44:53.520 --> 44:55.900 +talk about it. And there's a way in which + +44:55.900 --> 45:00.180 +that film problematizes for me an + +45:00.180 --> 45:03.180 +avoidance of a real crisis. And why I + +45:03.180 --> 45:04.720 +think it's a really interesting topic to + +45:04.720 --> 45:08.600 +bring up is there's also not among Indian + +45:08.600 --> 45:13.620 +writers enough theorizing about this + +45:13.620 --> 45:15.860 +question of responsibility. because it's a + +45:15.860 --> 45:19.300 +really difficult issue. And teaching is + +45:19.300 --> 45:20.740 +actually one of those places where you + +45:20.740 --> 45:23.140 +have to confront it. And you'll find that + +45:23.140 --> 45:25.000 +out, and everyone here who has taught + +45:25.000 --> 45:28.600 +finds that out as well, where generally + +45:28.600 --> 45:30.660 +you are in situations where you are + +45:30.660 --> 45:33.460 +somehow standing in as a representative of + +45:33.460 --> 45:35.740 +lots and lots of people and lots of points + +45:35.740 --> 45:37.280 +of view. No matter how much you don't want + +45:37.280 --> 45:39.200 +to be, that's the situation you're faced + +45:39.200 --> 45:42.000 +with as a teacher. And so you'll have to + +45:42.000 --> 45:43.620 +confront it at that point. There's a + +45:43.620 --> 45:45.620 +wonderful side of that. There's also a + +45:45.620 --> 45:48.520 +really sticky part of it, too. And I find + +45:48.520 --> 45:50.400 +that those people who really want to + +45:50.400 --> 45:52.120 +embrace that and say, yeah, I want to be + +45:52.120 --> 45:54.620 +that person, that's when you run into + +45:54.620 --> 45:56.540 +problems. If you're too eager to go into + +45:56.540 --> 45:57.540 +that situation and say, yeah, I'll + +45:57.540 --> 46:00.040 +represent the Indian voice to all of these + +46:00.040 --> 46:04.080 +people. So it's a huge issue that will + +46:04.080 --> 46:06.820 +probably come up all day. We'll move on to + +46:06.820 --> 46:07.560 +some other questions. + +46:11.580 --> 46:16.360 +You bring out many deep questions, many + +46:16.360 --> 46:18.860 +deep issues. I'm not sure that I + +46:18.860 --> 46:20.700 +understand everything, but there is one + +46:20.700 --> 46:22.980 +issue that you bring out and really + +46:22.980 --> 46:26.120 +touched me. It's the question of art and + +46:26.120 --> 46:30.080 +money. Because I'm a person who paints, + +46:30.440 --> 46:36.340 +and I use painting to know it more myself, + +46:36.340 --> 46:39.200 +and also to try to come in with other + +46:39.200 --> 46:42.640 +person to share what I know or what I + +46:42.640 --> 46:45.860 +don't know with my art. And you just + +46:45.860 --> 46:49.380 +involve the question of sending because we + +46:49.380 --> 46:52.500 +have to survive. I need to leave the art + +46:52.500 --> 46:55.700 +that I'm doing. And presently, I'm not + +46:55.700 --> 46:58.900 +ready to send my art because I don't know + +46:58.900 --> 47:02.500 +exactly why. And I'm not ready to paint to + +47:02.500 --> 47:05.860 +please the public when they watch because + +47:05.860 --> 47:09.500 +the art for me is something more deep. And + +47:09.500 --> 47:11.160 +I understand a little bit you when you + +47:11.160 --> 47:13.380 +involve this question, but I don't have + +47:13.380 --> 47:16.100 +all the answers. But I just share your + +47:16.100 --> 47:20.960 +fear with this, because in art I think + +47:20.960 --> 47:24.900 +there is something very deep, and it's + +47:24.900 --> 47:27.140 +really personal, but at the same time, I + +47:27.140 --> 47:29.700 +think that there is something universal in + +47:29.700 --> 47:33.540 +art. There is a kind of spirit inside art, + +47:33.540 --> 47:38.380 +art, then with + +47:38.380 --> 47:40.080 +money there is something that I don't + +47:40.080 --> 47:43.280 +understand. That's what I wanted to say. + +47:45.080 --> 47:48.740 +Yeah, my presentation last time, which I + +47:48.740 --> 47:51.180 +will try not to get into, basically dealt + +47:51.180 --> 47:55.360 +with this about Indian art. Because Indian + +47:55.360 --> 47:58.900 +art is really defined in many different + +47:58.900 --> 48:01.740 +ways, and it's defined by time. And + +48:01.740 --> 48:05.000 +antique Indian art is worth way more than + +48:05.000 --> 48:08.260 +Indian art presently made. But then within + +48:08.260 --> 48:10.640 +the presently made Indian art, certain + +48:10.640 --> 48:13.440 +types of art are considered crafts that + +48:13.440 --> 48:15.840 +anybody can do. Bead work, feather work, + +48:16.440 --> 48:18.400 +wood work, anything like that. And then + +48:18.400 --> 48:20.960 +there's another type of art that is + +48:20.960 --> 48:23.820 +considered fine art or high art. Pottery, + +48:23.980 --> 48:28.160 +modern paintings, baskets, like that. and + +48:28.160 --> 48:29.580 +there will be, like if you go into Santa + +48:29.580 --> 48:30.960 +Fe, there's like one whole gallery + +48:30.960 --> 48:32.800 +dedicated just to pots, and they're not + +48:32.800 --> 48:35.260 +old pots. They're pots that are currently + +48:35.260 --> 48:38.580 +made. And my question is, why isn't there + +48:38.580 --> 48:42.120 +a store dedicated also to beadwork? There + +48:42.120 --> 48:47.360 +is, but it's mass-produced beadwork. And I + +48:47.360 --> 48:51.240 +just, I question, like, what's going on + +48:51.240 --> 48:55.040 +there just within the market itself that + +48:55.040 --> 48:58.660 +defines what art is. And there's something + +48:58.660 --> 49:01.240 +coming up on the thing about looking at + +49:01.240 --> 49:04.320 +Indian history and something about terms + +49:04.320 --> 49:07.780 +in Indian history. And I think that part + +49:07.780 --> 49:10.900 +of that, yeah, problematizing the term of + +49:10.900 --> 49:13.060 +traditional culture, because a lot of the + +49:13.060 --> 49:15.880 +modern artwork that's being made by + +49:15.880 --> 49:18.720 +Indians is traditionally based, but maybe + +49:18.720 --> 49:20.400 +not like, you know, beaded tennis shoes or + +49:20.400 --> 49:21.420 +something like that with traditional + +49:21.420 --> 49:23.460 +designs on it. It's like how do you define + +49:23.460 --> 49:25.680 +that and how does the market define that? + +49:26.780 --> 49:29.300 +So we live in, you know, a market-driven + +49:29.300 --> 49:32.620 +economy and in an art is just like any + +49:32.620 --> 49:34.320 +other commodity, so we have to deal with + +49:34.320 --> 49:38.100 +that. Maybe with that we'll let people + +49:38.100 --> 49:39.740 +comment during lunch and during the breaks + +49:39.740 --> 49:42.420 +and things to Terry. I thought that was + +49:42.420 --> 49:46.680 +great, so thank you. Thank you. + +49:50.920 --> 49:53.720 +For those of you who are following along + +49:53.720 --> 49:56.340 +the schedule and correlating it with the + +49:56.340 --> 50:00.200 +watch on the end of your arm, the way + +50:00.200 --> 50:01.260 +we're going to deal with the time, we + +50:01.260 --> 50:02.800 +start at about 15 minutes late, and we're + +50:02.800 --> 50:05.120 +just going to be about 15 minutes behind, + +50:05.200 --> 50:07.120 +and we'll have lunch at about 12.15. So + +50:07.120 --> 50:09.760 +you don't have to get nervous or antsy if + +50:09.760 --> 50:11.540 +we're running still about 10 minutes + +50:11.540 --> 50:14.340 +behind. That's our plan for right now. Our + +50:14.340 --> 50:17.580 +next speaker is Jacob Manitoul Bailey, Sac + +50:17.580 --> 50:21.140 +and Fox. And I wish Jacob were an American + +50:21.140 --> 50:23.480 +Studies major. He's taken a lot of courses + +50:23.480 --> 50:25.540 +in American Studies, but unfortunately he + +50:25.540 --> 50:27.560 +was seduced by the Community Studies Board + +50:28.160 --> 50:30.200 +because they would allow him to do a six + +50:30.200 --> 50:33.740 +-month field internship, and he's going to + +50:33.740 --> 50:38.700 +be going to Oklahoma to work with the Sac + +50:38.700 --> 50:41.620 +and Fox at the end of the spring quarter. + +50:41.620 --> 50:43.520 +Is that right? He won't be back until the + +50:43.520 --> 50:47.420 +first of the year. And he's been involved + +50:47.420 --> 50:50.180 +in a number of projects on campus and one + +50:50.180 --> 50:52.820 +of the most important has to do with the + +50:52.820 --> 50:57.780 +repatriation process at UC Santa Cruz. He + +50:57.780 --> 51:00.980 +has been doing an internship and has + +51:00.980 --> 51:02.920 +learned a great deal about art + +51:02.920 --> 51:04.520 +collections. Probably the second most + +51:04.520 --> 51:06.100 +knowledgeable person on the campus right + +51:06.100 --> 51:09.260 +now about the small collection that we + +51:09.260 --> 51:12.980 +have of Indian remains at UC Santa Cruz, + +51:13.240 --> 51:17.900 +and has also taken it in his own + +51:17.900 --> 51:21.200 +characteristically intellectual way, + +51:21.320 --> 51:24.240 +raising some very broad questions about + +51:24.240 --> 51:29.900 +the relationship, both institutional and + +51:29.900 --> 51:32.260 +intellectual, between the discipline of + +51:32.260 --> 51:33.980 +anthropology and the American Indian + +51:33.980 --> 51:36.460 +community, and so has a number of + +51:36.460 --> 51:38.180 +interesting points to raise. and he's + +51:38.180 --> 51:40.600 +going to talk about the whole repatriation + +51:40.600 --> 51:45.360 +situation at UCSC. Jacob? Well, I might + +51:45.360 --> 51:46.840 +get that far. I'm not sure yet. + +51:49.860 --> 51:53.840 +One of my nicknames for Terry is Boss, and + +51:53.840 --> 51:56.640 +I tell you that because I'm going to be + +51:56.640 --> 52:00.120 +following a lot of what she said and what + +52:00.120 --> 52:02.740 +I want to discuss today. day. And + +52:02.740 --> 52:05.820 +repatriation + +52:05.820 --> 52:10.240 +as it has been defined stands for, and + +52:10.240 --> 52:12.980 +this is a legal definition, the return of + +52:12.980 --> 52:16.220 +sacred objects, human remains, + +52:16.560 --> 52:20.240 +unassociated funerary goods, and items of + +52:20.240 --> 52:22.800 +of cultural patrimony to American Indian + +52:22.800 --> 52:23.300 +nations. + +52:27.840 --> 52:31.080 +And repatriation currently is largely + +52:31.720 --> 52:33.780 +discussed within the terms and defined + +52:33.780 --> 52:36.940 +within the terms of NAGPRA, which is the + +52:36.940 --> 52:39.340 +Native American Graves Repatriation and + +52:39.340 --> 52:41.400 +Protection Act, which was passed in 1990. + +52:43.700 --> 52:46.680 +And I say I want to follow Terry because I + +52:46.680 --> 52:50.300 +I want to talk about images, stereotypes, + +52:50.960 --> 52:54.180 +assumptions, responsibility, a lot of the + +52:54.180 --> 52:54.800 +same issues. + +52:58.180 --> 53:00.900 +And I also want to follow her by starting + +53:00.900 --> 53:05.240 +with a story about my mother. Because when + +53:05.240 --> 53:08.360 +my mother was going to school, there was + +53:08.360 --> 53:10.280 +no such thing as Native American studies. + +53:10.580 --> 53:12.180 +There was no such thing as Indian + +53:12.180 --> 53:14.880 +education. If you wanted to have anything + +53:14.880 --> 53:16.740 +to do with Indians in the college setting, + +53:16.840 --> 53:22.560 +he went into anthropology. And a lot of + +53:22.560 --> 53:25.060 +Indians went into anthropology and some of + +53:25.060 --> 53:28.100 +them made it and a lot more didn't make + +53:28.100 --> 53:31.420 +it. And my mom was one of those. She + +53:31.420 --> 53:34.720 +dropped out of college and I grew up with + +53:34.720 --> 53:36.700 +stories about the crazy things that + +53:36.700 --> 53:39.480 +anthropologists thought about Indians and + +53:39.480 --> 53:40.980 +the even sicker things that they they did + +53:40.980 --> 53:47.040 +to our dead. And when I first started, and + +53:47.040 --> 53:48.380 +I'm really glad that there's a lot of + +53:48.380 --> 53:52.400 +anthropology students on this sheet. Maybe + +53:52.400 --> 53:55.540 +we can get a little dialogue going here, + +53:55.680 --> 53:56.780 +because I have a lot of problems. + +54:00.380 --> 54:02.560 +I've always grown up with a lot of + +54:02.560 --> 54:04.440 +assumptions and a lot of stereotypes about + +54:04.440 --> 54:09.220 +anthropologists. and when I first started + +54:09.220 --> 54:15.300 +researching repatriation, I uncovered + +54:15.300 --> 54:17.740 +horror story after horror story about past + +54:17.740 --> 54:21.080 +and current anthropological practice. And + +54:21.080 --> 54:23.340 +it reinforced a lot of the ideas I had + +54:23.340 --> 54:27.580 +about anthropology and what it does and + +54:27.580 --> 54:32.060 +what it has done to Indian people. And at + +54:32.060 --> 54:34.380 +the same time I've had sort of a morbid + +54:34.380 --> 54:37.480 +fascination with the strange creatures and + +54:37.480 --> 54:40.400 +sort of the rituals that they seem to love + +54:40.400 --> 54:44.300 +to carry out. And those were the terms + +54:44.300 --> 54:47.320 +that I thought about anthropology and + +54:47.320 --> 54:52.140 +anthropologists when I started interning + +54:52.140 --> 54:54.980 +at the University of California Santa Cruz + +54:54.980 --> 54:56.200 +Archaeological Collection. + +54:59.900 --> 55:05.140 +The repatriation debate, and I shouldn't + +55:05.140 --> 55:07.080 +use the word debate, I shouldn't even use + +55:07.080 --> 55:08.580 +the word movement, I should use the word + +55:08.580 --> 55:12.520 +war, because that's the way that both a + +55:12.520 --> 55:14.500 +lot of Natives and a lot of non-Natives + +55:14.500 --> 55:17.900 +writing about repatriation have defined + +55:17.900 --> 55:20.900 +it. They've defined it as a war, as a war + +55:20.900 --> 55:24.460 +of science versus religion, a war of + +55:24.460 --> 55:26.620 +objective, cold, analytical + +55:26.620 --> 55:30.420 +anthropologists versus warm, spiritual + +55:30.420 --> 55:35.300 +Indians. Indians. And a lot of the titles + +55:35.300 --> 55:39.380 +of articles written by both Natives and + +55:39.380 --> 55:42.000 +non-Natives, a lot of prominent people are + +55:42.000 --> 55:44.780 +things like science or sacrilege, + +55:45.080 --> 55:48.200 +disputing the dead, preservation or + +55:48.200 --> 55:51.460 +reburial, Native Americans versus American + +55:51.460 --> 55:56.100 +museums, a battle for artifacts. And so + +55:56.100 --> 56:00.940 +this This is the mindset that prevails in + +56:00.940 --> 56:03.140 +a lot of places, and it was the mindset + +56:03.140 --> 56:07.200 +that I had when I started interning at the + +56:07.200 --> 56:09.920 +anthropology department. That was an + +56:09.920 --> 56:13.220 +extremely difficult process for me. You + +56:13.220 --> 56:15.700 +walk into this building. It's called + +56:15.700 --> 56:18.160 +Social Sciences I. I normally refer to it + +56:18.160 --> 56:20.900 +as the evil building. And it's this big + +56:20.900 --> 56:24.800 +concrete monolith. You know, you walk up + +56:24.800 --> 56:27.440 +two stairs of floor, the air starts to get + +56:27.440 --> 56:32.040 +stale. The posters start to appear on the + +56:32.040 --> 56:35.760 +wall. Paleolithic culture and plains + +56:35.760 --> 56:40.840 +material items in the faunal area. You + +56:40.840 --> 56:43.340 +know, people are talking in languages that + +56:43.340 --> 56:45.640 +I can't understand. And I get to the + +56:45.640 --> 56:47.380 +fourth floor where they keep the bodies, + +56:47.580 --> 56:49.480 +and I start getting pretty whacked out. + +56:52.100 --> 56:57.640 +When I first started my internship, I + +56:57.640 --> 56:59.760 +could only think of things in either-or + +56:59.760 --> 57:03.680 +situations. It was either I go in there + +57:03.680 --> 57:07.940 +and I lay my agenda out on the table, or I + +57:07.940 --> 57:10.780 +hide it and I compromise my sense of + +57:10.780 --> 57:15.720 +integrity. And every situation that I + +57:15.720 --> 57:18.420 +found myself in was a set of either-or + +57:18.420 --> 57:20.700 +statements, neither of which I was happy + +57:20.700 --> 57:26.040 +with. And eventually what I was forced to + +57:26.040 --> 57:29.620 +do for my own sanity and to get anywhere + +57:29.620 --> 57:33.040 +in working to help the repatriation + +57:33.040 --> 57:37.520 +process was that I had to go out on a + +57:37.520 --> 57:43.100 +limb. I had to put myself out there and I + +57:43.100 --> 57:46.160 +had to explain to my supervisor, who's an + +57:46.160 --> 57:49.940 +archaeologist, and my my coworker who is + +57:49.940 --> 57:54.380 +an archaeology student that I had a lot of + +57:54.380 --> 57:59.040 +fear and a lot of anger about what was + +57:59.040 --> 58:04.400 +going on. And I was amazed, I was + +58:04.400 --> 58:07.640 +absolutely amazed at the emotional + +58:07.640 --> 58:09.800 +responses that I got from those people. + +58:09.800 --> 58:13.840 +and what they told me about how they felt + +58:13.840 --> 58:19.780 +and how they had become sick, how they + +58:19.780 --> 58:25.440 +felt forces, and how hard it was for them + +58:25.440 --> 58:30.880 +to be involved in such a thing. And we + +58:30.880 --> 58:35.340 +really begin to build bridges to + +58:35.340 --> 58:38.660 +facilitate a way of thinking about + +58:38.660 --> 58:43.660 +repatriation that wasn't us versus them. + +58:44.240 --> 58:48.320 +It wasn't me carrying a banner going in + +58:48.320 --> 58:55.700 +there to get rid of anthropology. And I + +58:55.700 --> 59:00.720 +think that Indians have a lot of + +59:00.720 --> 59:02.440 +stereotypes about anthropologists. + +59:03.360 --> 59:04.960 +Anthropologists have a lot of stereotypes + +59:04.960 --> 59:08.880 +about Indians. And the dominant society + +59:08.880 --> 59:12.960 +has stereotypes about both of them, which + +59:12.960 --> 59:18.020 +feed into a rhetoric which divides us. And + +59:18.020 --> 59:20.500 +this is when it comes to survival and when + +59:20.500 --> 59:22.520 +it comes to responsibility, like Terry was + +59:22.520 --> 59:25.880 +talking about, is that anthropologists, + +59:26.200 --> 59:30.320 +the most of them, When I really sat down + +59:30.320 --> 59:33.840 +and talked with them, the basic thing that + +59:33.840 --> 59:39.720 +comes out is that they love Indians. That + +59:39.720 --> 59:42.020 +they love Indians, that they feel a + +59:42.020 --> 59:44.500 +responsibility towards Indians, that the + +59:44.500 --> 59:46.300 +whole reason they went into their field is + +59:46.300 --> 59:48.720 +because they wanted to help Indians. And + +59:48.720 --> 59:50.840 +they got into the field and then they + +59:50.840 --> 59:56.200 +found out that they had to do these + +59:56.200 --> 59:59.400 +certain things. which wasn't what they + +59:59.400 --> 01:00:03.120 +thought and they ended up interacting with + +01:00:03.120 --> 01:00:08.540 +objects and with remains and not with live + +01:00:08.540 --> 01:00:14.200 +human beings and repatriation has forced a + +01:00:14.200 --> 01:00:17.860 +lot of anthropologists to and a lot of + +01:00:17.860 --> 01:00:19.720 +Indians to get over their fear about each + +01:00:19.720 --> 01:00:22.540 +other and to come together to work on + +01:00:22.540 --> 01:00:27.640 +projects to to try to to resolve this + +01:00:27.640 --> 01:00:28.160 +crisis. + +01:00:31.560 --> 01:00:35.660 +And anthropologists, and I use the term so + +01:00:35.660 --> 01:00:38.520 +generally and so broadly, and I refer to + +01:00:38.520 --> 01:00:42.440 +such a huge group of people, but there's a + +01:00:42.440 --> 01:00:49.440 +narrative that's emerging which is trying + +01:00:49.440 --> 01:00:53.520 +to succeed the one that's of us us versus + +01:00:53.520 --> 01:00:57.400 +them, which says we can work together. And + +01:00:57.400 --> 01:01:00.860 +we can work together to do some important + +01:01:00.860 --> 01:01:04.960 +things. So that's the first sort of issue + +01:01:04.960 --> 01:01:09.080 +I want to pose. The second issue I want to + +01:01:09.080 --> 01:01:11.540 +pose is... + +01:01:21.820 --> 01:01:28.700 +is about how the rhetoric around + +01:01:28.700 --> 01:01:29.700 +repatriation + +01:01:32.440 --> 01:01:38.080 +talks about Indians and about how they + +01:01:38.080 --> 01:01:43.380 +feel about spirits and their ancestors and + +01:01:43.380 --> 01:01:48.440 +desecration and things like this in a way + +01:01:48.440 --> 01:01:53.740 +that really disturbs me and it disturbs me + +01:01:53.740 --> 01:02:01.500 +because it's not tribally specific and + +01:02:01.500 --> 01:02:08.260 +it's not guided by that For instance, + +01:02:08.540 --> 01:02:12.640 +there's a national NAGPRA committee and + +01:02:12.640 --> 01:02:17.200 +they have field meetings which are helped + +01:02:17.200 --> 01:02:20.780 +to formulate policy. And at one of these + +01:02:20.780 --> 01:02:24.840 +field meetings there was a presentation + +01:02:24.840 --> 01:02:28.680 +which represented the Indian viewpoint for + +01:02:28.680 --> 01:02:34.360 +that segment. segment and the people who + +01:02:34.360 --> 01:02:38.740 +got up there were political activists and + +01:02:38.740 --> 01:02:44.940 +they basically said that all these bones + +01:02:44.940 --> 01:02:48.520 +need to go back in the ground and we don't + +01:02:48.520 --> 01:02:50.640 +care what they are. We don't care if + +01:02:50.640 --> 01:02:52.940 +they're Chinese, we don't care if they're + +01:02:52.940 --> 01:02:54.540 +Jewish, we don't care what what tribe they + +01:02:54.540 --> 01:02:58.360 +are. The spirits have been disturbed. The + +01:02:58.360 --> 01:03:02.660 +spirits have been disturbed. And we need + +01:03:02.660 --> 01:03:03.600 +to put them at peace. + +01:03:08.300 --> 01:03:11.280 +And repatriation was an intertribal + +01:03:11.280 --> 01:03:15.480 +movement to deal with some very serious + +01:03:15.480 --> 01:03:19.300 +issues, dangerous + +01:03:19.300 --> 01:03:22.200 +issues, powerful issues, things that I + +01:03:22.200 --> 01:03:26.700 +cannot possibly understand and my solution + +01:03:26.700 --> 01:03:30.180 +is to look to the people in my community + +01:03:30.180 --> 01:03:33.800 +like I'm going for six months to intern + +01:03:33.800 --> 01:03:36.220 +with the second Fox repatriation committee + +01:03:36.220 --> 01:03:40.260 +which is made up of elders and their + +01:03:40.260 --> 01:03:44.300 +response is that they need to move + +01:03:44.300 --> 01:03:47.760 +extremely slow they need to be extremely + +01:03:47.760 --> 01:03:50.780 +careful because they're dealing with very + +01:03:50.780 --> 01:03:55.960 +very powerful and dangerous issues, and + +01:03:55.960 --> 01:03:57.500 +that they need to be guided by the + +01:03:57.500 --> 01:04:00.800 +traditional beliefs and the traditional + +01:04:00.800 --> 01:04:05.100 +ways that have guided them in everything + +01:04:05.100 --> 01:04:11.460 +else they do. And what I see going on a + +01:04:11.460 --> 01:04:16.180 +lot of other places is these remains, + +01:04:16.480 --> 01:04:23.260 +these ancestors, become a war trophy, we + +01:04:23.260 --> 01:04:26.820 +will get these bones back from you + +01:04:26.820 --> 01:04:30.940 +anthropologists. We will take them and put + +01:04:30.940 --> 01:04:33.380 +them in the ground where they belong. And + +01:04:33.380 --> 01:04:37.680 +that attitude, I don't know what to think + +01:04:37.680 --> 01:04:44.120 +about it, because I don't know where it's + +01:04:44.120 --> 01:04:49.080 +coming from. and I have a lot of + +01:04:49.080 --> 01:04:51.960 +documentation that I've been finding + +01:04:51.960 --> 01:04:55.760 +lately. For instance, there was this case + +01:04:55.760 --> 01:05:00.260 +in Kentucky + +01:05:00.260 --> 01:05:07.180 +at a place called Slag Farm, and 1,200 + +01:05:07.180 --> 01:05:10.800 +shiny bodies were taken out of the ground + +01:05:10.800 --> 01:05:16.800 +by pot hunters. And Indian people + +01:05:16.800 --> 01:05:22.040 +immediately responded because + +01:05:22.040 --> 01:05:29.200 +of the desecration. But in addition to + +01:05:29.200 --> 01:05:34.360 +ceremonies to put, to rebury those people, + +01:05:34.600 --> 01:05:42.620 +a proposal for $157,000 to bring 700 + +01:05:42.620 --> 01:05:47.580 +elders of the International Elders Council + +01:05:47.580 --> 01:05:51.200 +came up. A local news story forecasted up + +01:05:51.200 --> 01:05:54.280 +to 100,000 Indians could be expected to + +01:05:54.280 --> 01:05:57.380 +show up for the reburial. The Evansville + +01:05:57.380 --> 01:05:59.220 +Convention and Visitors Bureau sent out + +01:05:59.220 --> 01:06:01.760 +housing forms to all tribal offices + +01:06:02.300 --> 01:06:04.500 +because they expected huge crowds to + +01:06:04.500 --> 01:06:05.380 +materialize. + +01:06:09.480 --> 01:06:12.480 +Members of the reburial committee started + +01:06:12.480 --> 01:06:14.000 +claiming that it would be the largest + +01:06:14.000 --> 01:06:15.860 +gathering of tribal hierarchy this + +01:06:15.860 --> 01:06:19.860 +century. a concert was proposed, a powwow, + +01:06:20.060 --> 01:06:25.600 +a sidewalk art show, Hollywood stars would + +01:06:25.600 --> 01:06:29.980 +arrive according to one of the organizers + +01:06:29.980 --> 01:06:35.500 +of the event. It became an event. And + +01:06:35.500 --> 01:06:36.860 +these are Indian people. + +01:06:42.060 --> 01:06:45.300 +Eventually, two of the organizers took off + +01:06:45.300 --> 01:06:49.500 +with $30,000 that they raised. And nowhere + +01:06:49.500 --> 01:06:54.600 +could I find that the Shawnee had had + +01:06:54.600 --> 01:06:55.820 +anything to do with this. + +01:06:59.600 --> 01:07:02.500 +So, I think James is passing me a little + +01:07:02.500 --> 01:07:04.620 +note here, and I'll stop right there. + +01:07:08.800 --> 01:07:11.060 +That's great. What questions do people + +01:07:11.060 --> 01:07:17.080 +have? One minute, sir. Eric? I'm sort of + +01:07:17.080 --> 01:07:20.560 +wondering about whether you actually + +01:07:20.560 --> 01:07:25.780 +believe it's wrong for groups + +01:07:25.780 --> 01:07:28.740 +who aren't directly affiliated with these + +01:07:28.740 --> 01:07:34.620 +remains to lobby for their reburial. And + +01:07:34.620 --> 01:07:38.540 +the example I think of is a few years + +01:07:38.540 --> 01:07:43.220 +back, a group of Indian tribes from + +01:07:43.220 --> 01:07:47.000 +southern New England reburied the remains + +01:07:47.000 --> 01:07:50.540 +of some Niantic Indians. There is no + +01:07:50.540 --> 01:07:53.700 +Niantic + +01:07:53.700 --> 01:08:00.600 +tribe extant today. And the + +01:08:00.600 --> 01:08:04.720 +Indians were buried on the Pequot + +01:08:04.720 --> 01:08:09.120 +reservation, the tribal medicine man of + +01:08:09.120 --> 01:08:11.240 +the Wampanoag Indians and the medicine man + +01:08:11.240 --> 01:08:14.740 +of the, I think it was the Pasamacuati, + +01:08:14.900 --> 01:08:21.360 +were presiding over the ceremony and they + +01:08:21.360 --> 01:08:25.840 +were buried these remains in a very very + +01:08:25.840 --> 01:08:31.000 +pan-tribal manner. They didn't necessarily + +01:08:31.000 --> 01:08:34.940 +do it in the authentic Niantic way, + +01:08:35.100 --> 01:08:38.220 +whatever that was. But they at least + +01:08:38.220 --> 01:08:41.040 +returned these things to the ground, which + +01:08:41.040 --> 01:08:43.220 +they knew was the tradition of the + +01:08:43.220 --> 01:08:47.360 +Niantics to actually bury the remains. But + +01:08:47.360 --> 01:08:49.580 +had they not done that, these remains + +01:08:49.580 --> 01:08:55.120 +remains would have stayed in a museum or + +01:08:55.120 --> 01:08:57.980 +wherever they were forever because there + +01:08:57.980 --> 01:09:00.280 +would have been no Niantics to claim them + +01:09:00.280 --> 01:09:03.640 +back. All right. The National Committee, + +01:09:03.940 --> 01:09:08.680 +their basic, and this is of course rumor + +01:09:08.680 --> 01:09:10.860 +because I have not personally talked to + +01:09:10.860 --> 01:09:12.980 +the National Committee, but the grapevine + +01:09:12.980 --> 01:09:17.360 +says that the National Committee, which is + +01:09:17.360 --> 01:09:19.300 +made up of, I think, four Indians and + +01:09:19.300 --> 01:09:21.940 +three non-Indians, is saying that any + +01:09:21.940 --> 01:09:29.080 +Native American is closer to a human + +01:09:29.080 --> 01:09:33.440 +remain that's of Native American descent + +01:09:33.880 --> 01:09:36.260 +than any non-Indian is. And consequently, + +01:09:36.400 --> 01:09:41.600 +we will act on that prerogative. Now, if + +01:09:41.600 --> 01:09:48.380 +there are remains which have no tribal + +01:09:48.380 --> 01:09:52.120 +affiliation, I don't know what to do about + +01:09:52.120 --> 01:09:54.920 +that. I don't have an answer for you. But + +01:09:54.920 --> 01:10:01.460 +what I'm saying is that a lot of people + +01:10:01.460 --> 01:10:05.780 +are saying, we're tired of waiting. We + +01:10:05.780 --> 01:10:09.100 +want to do this now. now. No more + +01:10:09.100 --> 01:10:15.320 +consultation, no more discussing it. We + +01:10:15.320 --> 01:10:19.120 +want those bones back in the ground. And + +01:10:19.120 --> 01:10:23.980 +my concern with that is that when I talk + +01:10:23.980 --> 01:10:27.700 +to tribal + +01:10:27.700 --> 01:10:31.120 +elders, they're saying we need to take + +01:10:31.120 --> 01:10:33.980 +this very slow. We need to be very + +01:10:33.980 --> 01:10:37.180 +careful. We need to have a lot of + +01:10:37.180 --> 01:10:39.980 +discussion. We need the Sac and Fox + +01:10:39.980 --> 01:10:42.320 +repatriation policy, I have it with me, + +01:10:42.380 --> 01:10:44.980 +says that we need the opinion of every + +01:10:44.980 --> 01:10:47.900 +single member of the tribe and we need all + +01:10:47.900 --> 01:10:49.900 +of their knowledge because no one can + +01:10:49.900 --> 01:10:51.960 +handle this alone. This needs to be a + +01:10:51.960 --> 01:10:54.240 +collective, a collective pursuit, a + +01:10:54.240 --> 01:11:00.060 +collective effort. And so when a rash + +01:11:00.060 --> 01:11:03.820 +decision is made, and I'll use an example + +01:11:03.820 --> 01:11:08.120 +which strikes close to home, and I'll use + +01:11:08.120 --> 01:11:12.760 +it without names, but this University + +01:11:12.760 --> 01:11:15.220 +Stanford did a repatriation several years + +01:11:15.220 --> 01:11:22.580 +ago of Ohlone individuals and And it's + +01:11:22.580 --> 01:11:25.820 +unclear what type of consultation process + +01:11:25.820 --> 01:11:29.320 +happened, but there are Ohlone individuals + +01:11:29.320 --> 01:11:32.940 +today who will not talk to other Ohlone + +01:11:32.940 --> 01:11:35.880 +individuals because of the way that + +01:11:35.880 --> 01:11:39.120 +reburial was handled, because the people + +01:11:39.120 --> 01:11:42.140 +who ended up receiving the remains to put + +01:11:42.140 --> 01:11:44.540 +them in the earth carried out ceremonies + +01:11:44.540 --> 01:11:48.080 +in a way that they found to be spiritual + +01:11:48.080 --> 01:11:53.180 +violence, And the words that they used was + +01:11:53.180 --> 01:11:59.020 +that it reminded them of when the Nazis + +01:11:59.020 --> 01:12:03.400 +buried Jews in mass graves. And all they + +01:12:03.400 --> 01:12:07.340 +could do was go home and pray and purify + +01:12:07.340 --> 01:12:10.620 +themselves. Now, I don't know if that + +01:12:10.620 --> 01:12:13.740 +individual speaks for the traditional + +01:12:13.740 --> 01:12:18.020 +Ohlones. I don't know anything about it. + +01:12:18.020 --> 01:12:20.480 +All I know is that if someone had been + +01:12:20.480 --> 01:12:25.920 +more careful, had taken longer to engage + +01:12:25.920 --> 01:12:28.140 +in a process to make sure that there was + +01:12:28.140 --> 01:12:33.380 +unity in the tribe on how to move forward + +01:12:33.380 --> 01:12:36.340 +on this, then there wouldn't be that + +01:12:36.340 --> 01:12:41.880 +issue. issue. And for me, it's like, it's + +01:12:41.880 --> 01:12:45.960 +so, it's so dangerous. And Indian people + +01:12:45.960 --> 01:12:50.080 +have waited so long to have this, that, + +01:12:50.180 --> 01:12:52.740 +you know, a few more years to work out + +01:12:52.740 --> 01:12:56.680 +some problems among you isn't gonna, isn't + +01:12:56.680 --> 01:13:00.080 +gonna hurt anything. You know, to wait, to + +01:13:00.080 --> 01:13:03.320 +wait three, even three or four years until + +01:13:03.320 --> 01:13:06.700 +you, your tribe or your community or + +01:13:06.700 --> 01:13:10.400 +whatever has come to a consensus on how to + +01:13:10.400 --> 01:13:15.060 +handle the issue and has designated people + +01:13:15.060 --> 01:13:20.020 +specifically to handle these matters, then + +01:13:20.020 --> 01:13:24.700 +that's better than rushing it. It's not an + +01:13:24.700 --> 01:13:27.840 +issue that can be rushed. Do you think + +01:13:27.840 --> 01:13:29.140 +they can actually achieve that sort of + +01:13:29.140 --> 01:13:33.420 +unanimity? Well, I don't know about all + +01:13:33.420 --> 01:13:36.480 +tribes. The Sac and Fox, I think, are + +01:13:36.480 --> 01:13:41.020 +going to from the way it's going. The + +01:13:41.020 --> 01:13:43.460 +Hopi, for instance, they have four + +01:13:43.460 --> 01:13:46.000 +archaeologists who work for them. They + +01:13:46.000 --> 01:13:48.840 +have an archaeological program, and it's + +01:13:48.840 --> 01:13:53.200 +overseen by 18 clan elders and priests. + +01:13:54.100 --> 01:13:56.140 +Now, I don't know how the Hopi feel about + +01:13:56.140 --> 01:13:59.420 +that, but it sounds like something that's + +01:13:59.420 --> 01:14:04.460 +better than, you know, giving up bones or + +01:14:04.460 --> 01:14:07.360 +sacred objects when there is still some + +01:14:07.360 --> 01:14:10.220 +doubt about who should be receiving those. + +01:14:11.240 --> 01:14:15.380 +This repatriation, I have, and this is my + +01:14:15.380 --> 01:14:17.440 +personal opinion, is not an activist + +01:14:17.440 --> 01:14:23.440 +issue. You know, this is not primarily a + +01:14:23.440 --> 01:14:25.420 +political issue. It's primarily a + +01:14:25.420 --> 01:14:28.400 +spiritual issue and a cultural issue. And + +01:14:28.400 --> 01:14:30.580 +it's not something to carry banners around + +01:14:30.580 --> 01:14:35.980 +about. There is a proper way which needs + +01:14:35.980 --> 01:14:38.080 +to be directed by people who have + +01:14:38.080 --> 01:14:42.020 +knowledge. I don't know. I don't know how + +01:14:42.020 --> 01:14:44.780 +to handle a repatriation and I would never + +01:14:44.780 --> 01:14:49.580 +go do that. Can I just chip in here on the + +01:14:49.580 --> 01:14:50.880 +same, because I think it's a really good + +01:14:50.880 --> 01:14:52.960 +question And obviously, as you know, there + +01:14:52.960 --> 01:14:55.460 +are also a great number of remains which + +01:14:55.460 --> 01:14:57.040 +aren't even tribally identified, whether + +01:14:57.040 --> 01:14:59.340 +they still exist as a community or not. So + +01:14:59.340 --> 01:15:00.520 +this is going to be a continual problem. + +01:15:00.760 --> 01:15:02.400 +It seems to me that one way of answering + +01:15:02.400 --> 01:15:04.000 +this that's suggested by the work that + +01:15:04.000 --> 01:15:05.980 +Jacob has done is that I think what Jacob + +01:15:05.980 --> 01:15:07.880 +has done very well is he's developing a + +01:15:07.880 --> 01:15:09.680 +distinction between responsibility and + +01:15:09.680 --> 01:15:12.260 +ownership. And what he's trying to do is + +01:15:12.260 --> 01:15:14.460 +to show why those two things being very + +01:15:14.460 --> 01:15:15.820 +different have very different implications + +01:15:15.820 --> 01:15:17.760 +for how this is handled, whether it's on a + +01:15:17.760 --> 01:15:20.040 +tribal or an intertribal level. I think + +01:15:20.040 --> 01:15:22.180 +he's trying to suggest that if the bones + +01:15:22.180 --> 01:15:23.820 +are approached to something which is owned + +01:15:23.820 --> 01:15:25.020 +over which there can be a political + +01:15:25.020 --> 01:15:26.580 +battle, then it doesn't matter whether + +01:15:26.580 --> 01:15:28.320 +it's a tribe doing it or whether it's the + +01:15:28.320 --> 01:15:29.700 +National Congress of American Indians, + +01:15:29.780 --> 01:15:31.160 +you're going to run into inappropriate + +01:15:31.160 --> 01:15:33.780 +potentials, potential for inappropriate + +01:15:33.780 --> 01:15:36.460 +kinds of actions. If it's approached as a + +01:15:36.460 --> 01:15:38.460 +problem of responsibility rather than of + +01:15:38.460 --> 01:15:41.180 +ownership, then again, there can be + +01:15:41.180 --> 01:15:43.460 +appropriate solutions to either tribal or + +01:15:43.460 --> 01:15:46.140 +intertribal problems that come up in the + +01:15:46.140 --> 01:15:47.760 +repatriation process. I mean, I don't, + +01:15:47.760 --> 01:15:49.400 +personally, I don't have any problem with, + +01:15:49.400 --> 01:15:52.000 +you know, the propriety of these people + +01:15:52.000 --> 01:15:53.760 +because I see that as an example of taking + +01:15:53.760 --> 01:15:56.020 +responsibility. Now, whether within their + +01:15:56.020 --> 01:15:57.560 +own rhetoric they viewed it as a political + +01:15:57.560 --> 01:15:59.680 +battle and they approached it as something + +01:15:59.680 --> 01:16:01.500 +they owned, I don't know. But I'm saying + +01:16:01.500 --> 01:16:03.620 +that it suggests a model of responsibility + +01:16:03.620 --> 01:16:05.720 +rather than of ownership. And it seems to + +01:16:05.720 --> 01:16:08.200 +me that's one really important thing I'm + +01:16:08.200 --> 01:16:09.880 +learning out of your work is how to + +01:16:09.880 --> 01:16:11.640 +understand those issues. And maybe I + +01:16:11.640 --> 01:16:14.340 +should be more specific. In terms of the + +01:16:14.340 --> 01:16:18.580 +law, one of the ways that institutions + +01:16:18.580 --> 01:16:22.660 +determine who they repatriate remains to + +01:16:22.660 --> 01:16:25.900 +is they look at the ICC map, which is the + +01:16:25.900 --> 01:16:28.920 +Indian Claims Commission map, which is a + +01:16:28.920 --> 01:16:31.820 +map that is only accurate for certain + +01:16:31.820 --> 01:16:34.020 +periods of time and has a lot to do with + +01:16:34.020 --> 01:16:35.900 +the political influence and the legal + +01:16:35.900 --> 01:16:38.500 +influence of the tribes who took cases + +01:16:38.500 --> 01:16:40.580 +before the Indian Claims Commission. For + +01:16:40.580 --> 01:16:45.280 +example, the Siouxs have a huge area on + +01:16:45.280 --> 01:16:48.820 +the map. And if that's the map that + +01:16:48.820 --> 01:16:52.840 +they're using, and they go ahead and + +01:16:52.840 --> 01:16:57.420 +repatriate to the Siouxs without doing any + +01:16:57.420 --> 01:17:03.420 +other further consultation, and it comes + +01:17:03.420 --> 01:17:06.480 +up later on that they have more + +01:17:06.480 --> 01:17:08.240 +documentation that says that those belong + +01:17:08.240 --> 01:17:11.360 +to another tribe or something like that, + +01:17:11.540 --> 01:17:15.380 +it can cause division within the community + +01:17:15.380 --> 01:17:17.860 +as well as a huge public relations problem + +01:17:17.860 --> 01:17:22.660 +for the institution. I have a couple of + +01:17:22.660 --> 01:17:24.380 +comments. I was on the repatriation + +01:17:24.380 --> 01:17:26.640 +committee at Berkeley when I was a student + +01:17:26.640 --> 01:17:29.040 +there, and it was a war because it was + +01:17:29.040 --> 01:17:30.760 +Indian and non-Indian on that committee, + +01:17:30.940 --> 01:17:34.160 +and we battled every meeting. And I have a + +01:17:34.160 --> 01:17:36.960 +box full of material that we produced and + +01:17:36.960 --> 01:17:38.740 +had to read in addition to all of our + +01:17:38.740 --> 01:17:41.340 +classes. So it's not an easy solution. And + +01:17:41.340 --> 01:17:43.720 +this division, not my tribe in Oklahoma, + +01:17:43.900 --> 01:17:46.840 +but the Seminole tribe in Florida, they + +01:17:46.840 --> 01:17:49.620 +found some remains in northern Florida by + +01:17:49.620 --> 01:17:53.540 +Tampa. And as Seminoles were most likely + +01:17:53.540 --> 01:17:55.820 +descendants of those remains, they + +01:17:55.820 --> 01:17:58.580 +contacted the tribe and asked them if they + +01:17:58.580 --> 01:18:01.740 +wanted to have that. So James Billy, the + +01:18:01.740 --> 01:18:03.160 +tribal chairman, went up there and said, + +01:18:03.220 --> 01:18:05.480 +yes, I want to take this land and turn it + +01:18:05.480 --> 01:18:07.560 +into trust land because it's our land. And + +01:18:07.560 --> 01:18:09.100 +then he immediately put a bingo parlor + +01:18:09.100 --> 01:18:11.800 +there because the land was turned to trust + +01:18:11.800 --> 01:18:13.440 +land. Now, that's caused tremendous + +01:18:13.440 --> 01:18:17.080 +division in the nation down there. And the + +01:18:17.080 --> 01:18:19.640 +repercussions are still being felt. And + +01:18:19.640 --> 01:18:21.940 +some people said, how could he take an + +01:18:21.940 --> 01:18:24.360 +area that was sacred and remains? I mean, + +01:18:24.360 --> 01:18:26.420 +he didn't do it right on the burial + +01:18:26.420 --> 01:18:29.020 +ground. But certainly, it's very difficult + +01:18:29.020 --> 01:18:31.600 +to take land and turn it into trust land, + +01:18:31.800 --> 01:18:34.060 +the government is very unwilling to do + +01:18:34.060 --> 01:18:37.600 +that at this point. And I haven't checked + +01:18:37.600 --> 01:18:39.340 +recently because I've been broiled in + +01:18:39.340 --> 01:18:42.460 +several nations right now. But what is + +01:18:42.460 --> 01:18:44.160 +happening too is that it's causing + +01:18:44.160 --> 01:18:47.400 +division for the people in there who have + +01:18:47.400 --> 01:18:49.840 +questions about that. So when I get the + +01:18:49.840 --> 01:18:51.040 +paper from down there, they're still + +01:18:51.040 --> 01:18:52.960 +asking. And James said, I always intended + +01:18:52.960 --> 01:18:54.880 +to do this. You just didn't understand + +01:18:54.880 --> 01:18:56.580 +that this was my idea in the beginning + +01:18:56.580 --> 01:18:58.580 +because the other people are saying, How + +01:18:58.580 --> 01:19:01.140 +could you set up a bingo, yet another + +01:19:01.140 --> 01:19:04.000 +bingo parlor, even though it does bring in + +01:19:04.000 --> 01:19:05.360 +tremendous revenues and it's another + +01:19:05.360 --> 01:19:08.000 +consistent battle field. But it isn't a + +01:19:08.000 --> 01:19:11.900 +simple answer, and certainly the very fact + +01:19:11.900 --> 01:19:14.260 +that the Seminole Nation wasn't even + +01:19:14.260 --> 01:19:17.140 +formed until after contact has another + +01:19:17.140 --> 01:19:20.820 +ramification in it for those people to + +01:19:20.820 --> 01:19:24.000 +approve the most likely disbandment. It is + +01:19:24.000 --> 01:19:31.940 +problematic. Thank you. one more comment I + +01:19:31.940 --> 01:19:34.880 +also like I said I'm new to Stanford but I + +01:19:34.880 --> 01:19:39.020 +also wanted that people that been invited + +01:19:39.020 --> 01:19:40.780 +as part of that group to participate we've + +01:19:40.780 --> 01:19:43.400 +only met couple times and they talked + +01:19:43.400 --> 01:19:47.840 +about the only patriots before that that + +01:19:47.840 --> 01:19:52.400 +people felt that way because you know I + +01:19:52.400 --> 01:19:56.460 +serve on that committee and I'm the only + +01:19:56.460 --> 01:20:01.820 +two of + +01:20:01.820 --> 01:20:06.760 +us but the woman's gone but you know I I + +01:20:06.760 --> 01:20:08.880 +can only speak for you know what I do but + +01:20:08.880 --> 01:20:11.980 +I think you know I know about my tribe I + +01:20:11.980 --> 01:20:13.760 +think that it's very difficult when you + +01:20:13.760 --> 01:20:16.960 +ask. I don't speak, I don't represent the + +01:20:16.960 --> 01:20:19.440 +Indian voice of all of you trying to, but + +01:20:19.440 --> 01:20:23.900 +certainly I try to do my best how I can to + +01:20:23.900 --> 01:20:26.940 +talk about the sacredness and so forth. + +01:20:28.280 --> 01:20:31.180 +That's a big issue for me because I come + +01:20:31.180 --> 01:20:34.800 +from a that's very, very traditional. A + +01:20:34.800 --> 01:20:37.580 +whole lot of these things are sacred. And + +01:20:37.580 --> 01:20:42.120 +I've seen Victor go. When you were reading + +01:20:42.120 --> 01:20:44.540 +that article about Kentucky, it was + +01:20:44.540 --> 01:20:47.460 +interesting because a couple of years ago, + +01:20:47.560 --> 01:20:51.140 +Haymans received a lot of, there were no + +01:20:51.140 --> 01:20:56.420 +bones or anything, bodies, but a lot of + +01:20:57.000 --> 01:21:00.160 +Smithsonian, a lot of sacred items that + +01:21:00.160 --> 01:21:03.320 +had been taken. And the news people in + +01:21:03.320 --> 01:21:09.000 +Albuquerque really wanted to come in and + +01:21:09.000 --> 01:21:14.340 +document and film the whole thing. And it + +01:21:14.340 --> 01:21:19.240 +was just really crazy. But it was the same + +01:21:19.240 --> 01:21:21.540 +thing as the Hopi. It was our priests and + +01:21:21.540 --> 01:21:23.380 +our clan leaders and those people that + +01:21:23.380 --> 01:21:26.300 +were involved in this whole thing. and the + +01:21:26.300 --> 01:21:29.120 +governor's made an appearance at the + +01:21:29.120 --> 01:21:32.000 +airport just to do it quick so the press + +01:21:32.000 --> 01:21:34.560 +were here blah blah blah we're going home + +01:21:34.560 --> 01:21:37.100 +and that was it we didn't allow anybody + +01:21:37.100 --> 01:21:40.800 +back on the reservation and then once + +01:21:40.800 --> 01:21:42.680 +we've been on the items were brought to + +01:21:42.680 --> 01:21:44.200 +the reservation they just brought him into + +01:21:44.200 --> 01:21:46.280 +the plaza straight into the casiqui house + +01:21:46.280 --> 01:21:49.840 +and that was it there was no we still + +01:21:49.840 --> 01:21:53.100 +don't know to this day what was there but + +01:21:53.100 --> 01:21:55.760 +that's not for us to know because our + +01:21:55.760 --> 01:21:58.720 +leadership our religious leaders they did + +01:21:58.720 --> 01:22:00.160 +the appropriate things when they brought + +01:22:00.160 --> 01:22:03.180 +these things on and people you know it was + +01:22:03.180 --> 01:22:04.920 +like well can you display these and we can + +01:22:04.920 --> 01:22:07.080 +take you know when these people take a + +01:22:07.080 --> 01:22:11.520 +picture and we just you know I think was + +01:22:11.520 --> 01:22:14.720 +very appropriately done I don't know what + +01:22:14.720 --> 01:22:17.780 +those items are but I don't question it + +01:22:17.780 --> 01:22:19.900 +because I know the right thing was done + +01:22:19.900 --> 01:22:23.280 +from the leadership and everybody's happy. + +01:22:23.620 --> 01:22:25.060 +I think that's what's important. + +01:22:30.120 --> 01:22:32.500 +I'd say we're off to a great start this + +01:22:32.500 --> 01:22:34.500 +morning. Let's thank Jacob and then + +01:22:34.500 --> 01:22:35.500 +we'll... + +01:22:47.260 --> 01:22:48.500 +Thank you. + +01:23:45.840 --> 01:23:47.240 +Thank you. + +01:24:15.840 --> 01:24:17.240 +Thank you. + +01:24:27.780 --> 01:24:30.580 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/bz245jm8076.json b/docs/baseline/bz245jm8076.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae77e4f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/bz245jm8076.json @@ -0,0 +1,348 @@ +{ + "cocinaVersion": "0.99.3", + "type": "https://cocina.sul.stanford.edu/models/media", + "externalIdentifier": "druid:bz245jm8076", + "label": "Stanford University. Native American Cultural Center Native American Research Forum : Honoring Native Scholarship. 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diff --git a/docs/baseline/cr433bd9804_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/cr433bd9804_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..732fe56 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/cr433bd9804_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ +WEBVTT + +01:39.000 --> 01:40.400 +Amin. + +02:41.060 --> 02:46.000 +A-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:46.000 --> 02:46.380 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:46.380 --> 02:46.660 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:46.660 --> 02:49.520 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:49.520 --> 02:50.780 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:50.780 --> 02:59.980 +-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:59.980 --> 02:59.980 +-a + +03:12.980 --> 03:16.580 +A C C D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:16.580 --> 03:16.580 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:16.580 --> 03:16.640 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:16.640 --> 03:21.520 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:21.520 --> 03:25.400 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:25.400 --> 03:26.940 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:26.940 --> 03:29.100 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:29.100 --> 03:29.960 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:29.960 --> 03:29.960 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:29.960 --> 03:29.960 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:29.960 --> 03:29.960 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +04:58.540 --> 04:59.940 +© transcript Emily Beynon + +05:45.600 --> 05:59.900 +Sous-titrage ST' 501 + +06:56.500 --> 06:59.940 +Sous-titres par LaVacheSquid + +08:08.860 --> 08:10.740 +I'm going to use the same technique as + +08:10.740 --> 08:10.740 +before. I'm going to use the same + +08:10.740 --> 08:13.240 +technique as before. I'm going to use the + +08:13.240 --> 08:17.720 +same technique as before. I'm going to use + +08:17.720 --> 08:20.520 +the same technique as before. I'm going to + +08:20.520 --> 08:24.520 +use + +08:24.520 --> 08:25.340 +the same technique as before. + +08:41.980 --> 08:42.780 +I'm not sure if you can see it, but I'm + +08:42.780 --> 08:42.780 +going to use the same technique as before. + +08:42.780 --> 08:42.860 +I'm going to use the same technique as + +08:42.860 --> 08:42.900 +before, but I'm going to use the same + +08:42.900 --> 08:42.920 +technique as before. I'm going to use the + +08:42.920 --> 08:42.920 +same technique as before, but I'm going to + +08:42.920 --> 08:44.420 +use the same technique as before. I'm + +08:44.420 --> 08:45.920 +going to use the same technique as before, + +08:47.100 --> 08:48.060 +but I'm going to use the same technique as + +08:48.060 --> 08:49.900 +before. I'm going to use the same + +08:49.900 --> 08:52.240 +technique as before, but I'm going to use + +08:52.240 --> 08:52.260 +the same technique as before. + +10:59.340 --> 11:02.180 +I'm not sure if you can see it, but I'm + +11:02.180 --> 11:04.040 +going to use the same technique as before. + +11:04.040 --> 11:07.220 +I'm going to use the same technique as + +11:07.220 --> 11:07.600 +before, but I'm going to use the same + +11:07.600 --> 11:08.480 +technique as before. I'm going to use the + +11:08.480 --> 11:08.480 +same technique as before, but I'm going to + +11:08.480 --> 11:09.460 +use the same technique as before. I'm + +11:09.460 --> 11:11.120 +going to use the same technique as before, + +11:11.500 --> 11:12.780 +but I'm going to use the same technique as + +11:12.780 --> 11:16.420 +before. I'm going to use + +11:16.420 --> 11:18.340 +the same technique as before, but I'm + +11:18.340 --> 11:19.920 +going to use the same technique as before. + +11:29.580 --> 11:31.440 +I'm not sure if you can see it, but I'm + +11:31.440 --> 11:31.700 +going to use the same technique as before. + +11:31.700 --> 11:32.520 +I'm going to use the same technique as + +11:32.520 --> 11:33.100 +before, but I'm going to use the same + +11:33.100 --> 11:36.160 +technique as before. I'm going to use the + +11:36.160 --> 11:38.060 +same technique as before, but I'm going to + +11:38.060 --> 11:38.240 +use the same technique as before. I'm + +11:38.240 --> 11:38.240 +going to use the same technique as before, + +11:38.240 --> 11:39.920 +but I'm going to use the same technique as + +11:39.920 --> 11:42.700 +before. I'm going to use the same + +11:42.700 --> 11:45.200 +technique as before, but I'm going to use + +11:45.200 --> 11:45.200 +the same technique as before. + +12:59.900 --> 13:04.740 +A-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:04.740 --> 13:05.040 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:05.040 --> 13:05.080 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:05.080 --> 13:05.900 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:05.900 --> 13:08.560 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:08.560 --> 13:13.320 +-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:13.320 --> 13:15.160 +-a + +13:58.200 --> 14:15.140 +Thank you for + +14:15.140 --> 14:21.300 +watching! Sous-titrage Société Radio + +14:21.300 --> 14:21.340 +-Canada + diff --git a/docs/baseline/cr433bd9804_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/baseline/cr433bd9804_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6e0d271 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/cr433bd9804_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ +WEBVTT + +01:39.000 --> 01:40.400 +Amin. + +02:41.060 --> 02:46.000 +A-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:46.000 --> 02:46.380 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:46.380 --> 02:46.660 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:46.660 --> 02:49.520 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:49.520 --> 02:50.780 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:50.780 --> 02:59.980 +-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:59.980 --> 02:59.980 +-a + +03:12.980 --> 03:16.580 +A C C D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:16.580 --> 03:16.580 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:16.580 --> 03:16.640 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:16.640 --> 03:21.520 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:21.520 --> 03:25.400 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:25.400 --> 03:26.940 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:26.940 --> 03:29.100 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:29.100 --> 03:29.960 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:29.960 --> 03:29.960 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:29.960 --> 03:29.960 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:29.960 --> 03:29.960 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +04:58.540 --> 04:59.940 + + +05:45.600 --> 05:59.900 +Sous-titrage ST' 501 + +06:56.500 --> 06:59.940 +Sous-titres par LaVacheSquid + +08:08.860 --> 08:10.740 +I'm going to use the same technique as + +08:10.740 --> 08:10.740 +before. I'm going to use the same + +08:10.740 --> 08:13.240 +technique as before. I'm going to use the + +08:13.240 --> 08:17.720 +same technique as before. I'm going to use + +08:17.720 --> 08:20.520 +the same technique as before. I'm going to + +08:20.520 --> 08:24.520 +use + +08:24.520 --> 08:25.340 +the same technique as before. + +08:41.980 --> 08:42.780 +I'm not sure if you can see it, but I'm + +08:42.780 --> 08:42.780 +going to use the same technique as before. + +08:42.780 --> 08:42.860 +I'm going to use the same technique as + +08:42.860 --> 08:42.900 +before, but I'm going to use the same + +08:42.900 --> 08:42.920 +technique as before. I'm going to use the + +08:42.920 --> 08:42.920 +same technique as before, but I'm going to + +08:42.920 --> 08:44.420 +use the same technique as before. I'm + +08:44.420 --> 08:45.920 +going to use the same technique as before, + +08:47.100 --> 08:48.060 +but I'm going to use the same technique as + +08:48.060 --> 08:49.900 +before. I'm going to use the same + +08:49.900 --> 08:52.240 +technique as before, but I'm going to use + +08:52.240 --> 08:52.260 +the same technique as before. + +10:59.340 --> 11:02.180 +I'm not sure if you can see it, but I'm + +11:02.180 --> 11:04.040 +going to use the same technique as before. + +11:04.040 --> 11:07.220 +I'm going to use the same technique as + +11:07.220 --> 11:07.600 +before, but I'm going to use the same + +11:07.600 --> 11:08.480 +technique as before. I'm going to use the + +11:08.480 --> 11:08.480 +same technique as before, but I'm going to + +11:08.480 --> 11:09.460 +use the same technique as before. I'm + +11:09.460 --> 11:11.120 +going to use the same technique as before, + +11:11.500 --> 11:12.780 +but I'm going to use the same technique as + +11:12.780 --> 11:16.420 +before. I'm going to use + +11:16.420 --> 11:18.340 +the same technique as before, but I'm + +11:18.340 --> 11:19.920 +going to use the same technique as before. + +11:29.580 --> 11:31.440 +I'm not sure if you can see it, but I'm + +11:31.440 --> 11:31.700 +going to use the same technique as before. + +11:31.700 --> 11:32.520 +I'm going to use the same technique as + +11:32.520 --> 11:33.100 +before, but I'm going to use the same + +11:33.100 --> 11:36.160 +technique as before. I'm going to use the + +11:36.160 --> 11:38.060 +same technique as before, but I'm going to + +11:38.060 --> 11:38.240 +use the same technique as before. I'm + +11:38.240 --> 11:38.240 +going to use the same technique as before, + +11:38.240 --> 11:39.920 +but I'm going to use the same technique as + +11:39.920 --> 11:42.700 +before. I'm going to use the same + +11:42.700 --> 11:45.200 +technique as before, but I'm going to use + +11:45.200 --> 11:45.200 +the same technique as before. + +12:59.900 --> 13:04.740 +A-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:04.740 --> 13:05.040 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:05.040 --> 13:05.080 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:05.080 --> 13:05.900 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:05.900 --> 13:08.560 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:08.560 --> 13:13.320 +-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:13.320 --> 13:15.160 +-a + +13:58.200 --> 14:15.140 +Thank you for + +14:15.140 --> 14:21.300 +watching! Sous-titrage Société Radio + +14:21.300 --> 14:21.340 +-Canada + diff --git a/docs/baseline/cv116wv5355.json b/docs/baseline/cv116wv5355.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..68f58cd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/cv116wv5355.json @@ -0,0 +1,272 @@ +{ + "cocinaVersion": "0.99.3", + "type": "https://cocina.sul.stanford.edu/models/media", + "externalIdentifier": "druid:cv116wv5355", + "label": "sncc meeting", + "version": 5, + "access": { + "view": "world", + "download": "world", + "controlledDigitalLending": false + }, + "administrative": { + "hasAdminPolicy": "druid:pp818dw4992" + }, + "description": { + "title": [ + { + "structuredValue": [], + "parallelValue": [], + "groupedValue": [], + "value": "sncc meeting", + "identifier": [], + "note": [], + "appliesTo": [] + } + ], + "contributor": [], + "event": [], + "form": [], + "geographic": [], + "language": [], + "note": [], + "identifier": [], + "subject": [], + "relatedResource": [], + "marcEncodedData": [], + "purl": 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I'm Lagi Menkare + +00:10.080 --> 00:13.420 +Nasorona. Dendul Lama. Dendul Lama. Thank + +00:13.420 --> 00:16.660 +you. His Holiness the Dalai Lama asked us + +00:16.660 --> 00:19.260 +to record your experiences so that we can + +00:19.260 --> 00:21.600 +share your memories with many generations + +00:21.600 --> 00:24.420 +of Tibetans, the Chinese, and the rest of + +00:24.420 --> 00:26.800 +the world. Your memories will help us to + +00:26.800 --> 00:29.080 +document the true history, culture, and + +00:29.080 --> 00:30.560 +beliefs of the Tibetan people. + +01:01.700 --> 01:04.020 +Do you give permission for the Tibet Oral + +01:04.020 --> 01:05.800 +History Project to use this interview? + +01:15.760 --> 01:19.260 +Thank you very much for offering to share + +01:19.260 --> 01:22.300 +your story with us. During this interview, + +01:22.560 --> 01:25.200 +if at any time you want to take a break or + +01:25.200 --> 01:26.840 +stop, please let us know. + +01:38.720 --> 01:41.540 +And if you do not want to answer a + +01:41.540 --> 01:43.840 +question or talk about something, let us + +01:43.840 --> 01:44.080 +know. + +01:52.200 --> 01:54.840 +If your interview were to be shown in + +01:54.840 --> 01:57.460 +Tibet or China, Would this be a problem + +01:57.460 --> 01:58.020 +for you? + +02:05.680 --> 02:11.120 +There will be no problems. Thank you. And + +02:11.120 --> 02:13.220 +we're very honored to record your story + +02:13.220 --> 02:14.740 +and appreciate very much your + +02:14.740 --> 02:16.000 +participation in the project. + +02:21.740 --> 02:23.520 +How old are you? + +02:27.200 --> 02:27.880 +71. + +02:30.640 --> 02:32.540 +And where are you from in Tibet? + +02:36.360 --> 02:43.760 +So the place + +02:43.760 --> 02:48.380 +where I lived was called La Gong. And in + +02:48.380 --> 02:50.020 +which province was La Gong? + +03:04.660 --> 03:10.660 +I came to Lhasa in 1961-62 when the + +03:10.660 --> 03:12.760 +Chinese created a lot of problems. + +03:15.560 --> 03:18.080 +Where were you born? In which province? + +03:36.980 --> 03:40.900 +So when you came to Lhasa, you were about + +03:40.900 --> 03:41.540 +how old? + +03:57.960 --> 04:02.120 +So I must have been about 36 years old and + +04:02.120 --> 04:04.840 +when I came to Lhasa I had three children + +04:04.840 --> 04:07.820 +with me and then three were born in Lhasa. + +04:07.820 --> 04:08.560 +Okay. + +04:10.820 --> 04:15.660 +So that's been so long ago. In your + +04:15.660 --> 04:18.780 +village, what did your father do? When we + +04:18.780 --> 04:23.040 +ourselves were Jon. We thought to eat it + +04:23.040 --> 04:25.140 +with a spoon. And we ate the soup with + +04:25.140 --> 04:28.240 +that spoon. On that day, the children + +04:28.240 --> 04:33.840 +made, a pot of tea Agricca, which they ate + +04:33.840 --> 04:36.620 +with fish. It burned in the bath. What did + +04:36.620 --> 04:38.600 +they eat with that? They ate with that + +04:38.600 --> 04:44.180 +masks, and put it on the ground, and put + +04:44.180 --> 04:46.180 +it into the buddy egg, because they ate + +04:46.180 --> 04:50.900 +with it, So in those days my father was a + +04:50.900 --> 04:54.020 +farmer working in the commune and then we + +04:54.020 --> 04:58.340 +would dig up medicinal plants called poppy + +04:58.340 --> 05:04.420 +from the ground. So you were in a commune, + +05:04.420 --> 05:06.720 +a Tibetan commune, or was this a Chinese + +05:06.720 --> 05:11.480 +commune? How decrease power the body and + +05:11.480 --> 05:15.480 +mind So clearly the mind and heart is + +05:15.480 --> 05:16.260 +different So when V peak can conclude that + +05:16.260 --> 05:22.420 +After all everything is good This equally + +05:22.420 --> 05:30.500 +increase the way of life Know that can + +05:30.500 --> 05:37.480 +know that That was good Their mind + +05:48.460 --> 05:52.140 +So it was a Tibetan commune run by + +05:52.140 --> 05:56.660 +Chinese, and when the farmers harvested + +05:56.660 --> 06:00.440 +grains and wheat and barley, we would have + +06:00.440 --> 06:03.220 +to give them to the Chinese. So being + +06:03.220 --> 06:05.900 +unable to endure the suffering, my husband + +06:05.900 --> 06:09.320 +and I and children fled. went to Lhasa. + +06:09.500 --> 06:14.520 +Went to Lhasa, right. So what memories do + +06:14.520 --> 06:16.920 +you have of your childhood when you were a + +06:16.920 --> 06:17.440 +little girl? + +06:28.780 --> 06:33.360 +What should I say + +06:33.360 --> 06:34.260 +about when I was little? + +06:46.440 --> 06:50.920 +I have no memories of my younger days. + +06:51.640 --> 06:56.900 +What did your mother do? Are the Evökan + +06:56.900 --> 06:58.240 +people, who lived during Ruanduna + +06:58.240 --> 07:01.680 +boundaries and years old? Yes, some of + +07:01.680 --> 07:06.300 +them, who were born in theisk of the + +07:06.300 --> 07:07.420 +Pekdaya people, Por accounting for their + +07:07.420 --> 07:10.920 +responsabilies in the past, After the old + +07:10.920 --> 07:12.600 +age, the families came back to work to pay + +07:12.600 --> 07:15.000 +our rent, + +07:29.840 --> 07:41.220 +So in the + +07:41.220 --> 07:44.480 +commune, she was, she had the task of + +07:44.480 --> 07:48.400 +milking, and then also carrying hay on the + +07:48.400 --> 07:51.500 +back to be spread under the horses and + +07:51.500 --> 07:54.960 +mules. And then after we escaped, I had no + +07:54.960 --> 07:59.140 +idea about them, but I think they have all + +07:59.140 --> 08:03.300 +passed away now. So did you help your + +08:03.300 --> 08:05.420 +mother or your father with their work on + +08:05.420 --> 08:09.720 +the commune? Yes. When did you start + +08:09.720 --> 08:12.360 +working on the commune? + +08:25.880 --> 08:26.480 +No, + +08:30.120 --> 08:33.000 +because I had little children then, and so + +08:33.000 --> 08:35.180 +instead of helping them, I needed their + +08:35.180 --> 08:35.660 +help. + +08:38.300 --> 08:40.740 +How old were you when you had your first + +08:40.740 --> 08:44.280 +child? Amala, puku tangbo dikye di + +08:44.280 --> 08:48.260 +lokhajire? Puku tangbo shere la. Takonjo + +08:48.260 --> 08:50.300 +shere lokhajire. Nga zon de de lokhajire. + +08:50.820 --> 09:05.880 +Nga zon de de lokhajire. So we + +09:05.880 --> 09:09.060 +don't normally calculate our years and + +09:09.060 --> 09:11.960 +ages. So it was like, you know, animals + +09:11.960 --> 09:14.780 +giving birth. Likewise, we too gave birth + +09:14.780 --> 09:18.960 +to our children. Do your children live + +09:18.960 --> 09:19.500 +with you now? + +09:26.940 --> 09:31.280 +No, not together. I have three children, + +09:31.400 --> 09:35.100 +and I had my children in the hospital. Can + +09:35.100 --> 09:37.620 +you tell us about your experiences giving + +09:37.620 --> 09:41.140 +birth to children? So, Marwa, you are a + +09:41.140 --> 09:43.760 +very good teacher. You have taught us a + +09:43.760 --> 09:47.180 +lot of things. So, what do you think about + +09:47.180 --> 09:50.840 +teaching us how to be a good teacher? I + +09:50.840 --> 09:53.820 +don't know how to teach. I have been + +09:53.820 --> 09:56.760 +teaching since I was a child. I have been + +09:56.760 --> 09:58.760 +teaching since I was a child. I don't know + +09:58.760 --> 10:02.720 +how to teach. I don't know how to teach. I + +10:02.720 --> 10:04.660 +don't know how to teach. I don't know how + +10:04.660 --> 10:05.000 +to teach. + +10:14.620 --> 10:20.880 +So I didn't give + +10:20.880 --> 10:26.060 +birth + +10:26.060 --> 10:29.460 +in hospitals and it was my husband that + +10:29.460 --> 10:34.940 +helped me during the childbirth. and it + +10:34.940 --> 10:38.320 +is only my daughter that was born in + +10:38.320 --> 10:40.740 +hospital and I couldn't give birth to her + +10:40.740 --> 10:43.220 +and all my other children including the + +10:43.220 --> 10:47.660 +twins were not born in hospital. How did + +10:47.660 --> 10:48.740 +your husband help you? + +11:01.160 --> 11:02.940 +I was a little girl, and I was a little + +11:02.940 --> 11:07.000 +girl. I was a little girl, and I was a + +11:07.000 --> 11:10.140 +little girl. I was a little girl, and I + +11:10.140 --> 11:11.280 +was a little girl. I was a little girl, + +11:11.280 --> 11:13.540 +and I was a little girl. I was a little + +11:13.540 --> 11:17.380 +girl, and I was a little girl. I was a + +11:17.380 --> 11:20.680 +little girl, and I was a little girl. I + +11:20.680 --> 11:21.500 +was a little girl, and I was a little + +11:21.500 --> 11:21.780 +girl. + +11:39.560 --> 11:44.720 +So when the first of the twins was born, I + +11:44.720 --> 11:48.480 +was on my knees and my husband, he took + +11:48.480 --> 11:50.780 +the child wrapped it in cloth and laid it + +11:50.780 --> 11:54.220 +on the bed and then I went out to answer + +11:54.220 --> 11:57.140 +nature's call and then I could feel that + +11:57.140 --> 12:00.900 +there was another child in me and so I + +12:00.900 --> 12:03.800 +told my husband that there is one more + +12:03.800 --> 12:07.040 +child and he said it can't be but then I + +12:07.040 --> 12:09.420 +said there is one more and then the other + +12:09.420 --> 12:12.720 +one was born and while breastfeeding I had + +12:12.720 --> 12:15.440 +to feed one child here and one child here + +12:15.440 --> 12:17.900 +and it was same when I was feeding them + +12:17.900 --> 12:21.540 +food later. At the same time, feeding them + +12:21.540 --> 12:23.740 +one here, one here? At the same time. + +12:23.920 --> 12:26.020 +Thujujjipa le chikla omadetje, chikla + +12:26.020 --> 12:29.200 +omadetje, roa? Nyaka tew. Nyaka ngode. + +12:29.380 --> 12:32.620 +Ngode nyaka sumte omadetje. Yes, because + +12:32.620 --> 12:35.360 +both cried at the same time. Cried, cried. + +12:36.420 --> 12:38.760 +And were all your children healthy when + +12:38.760 --> 12:41.200 +they were born? Amla, puku ketiw ka ne + +12:41.200 --> 12:42.480 +puku tsangma tangpo duwe? + +12:46.000 --> 12:47.600 +Khunpa kept on watching the holy ones also + +12:47.600 --> 12:52.180 +when he was praying, but the ladiesarmy + +12:52.180 --> 12:53.740 +joining them also didn't want him + +12:53.740 --> 12:54.240 +anything. + +12:58.860 --> 13:02.060 +Khunpa kept on watching and touching theتي + +13:02.060 --> 13:02.240 +places. + +13:14.880 --> 13:20.120 +So the second of the twins was born leg + +13:20.120 --> 13:23.300 +first, and I thought it was a headless + +13:23.300 --> 13:27.120 +child. And then my husband pulled it out, + +13:27.220 --> 13:30.220 +and there was no crying, so I thought it + +13:30.220 --> 13:32.640 +wasn't alive. and when I touched the leg + +13:32.640 --> 13:35.300 +it was warm and then my husband cleaned it + +13:35.300 --> 13:39.820 +up. How did you feel? Can you remember + +13:39.820 --> 13:40.720 +your emotions? + +14:00.820 --> 14:04.820 +I was very young. I was very young. + +14:06.780 --> 14:10.900 +I was very young. I was very young. I was + +14:10.900 --> 14:13.260 +very young. I was very young. I was very + +14:13.260 --> 14:15.040 +young. I was very young. I was very young. + +14:15.040 --> 14:18.380 +I was very young. I was very young. I was + +14:18.380 --> 14:19.580 +very young. + +14:23.340 --> 14:25.200 +I was very young. + +14:36.080 --> 14:38.980 +So the twins, you know, if one child got + +14:38.980 --> 14:41.400 +sick around 12 o'clock, the other would + +14:41.400 --> 14:45.080 +become sick at 3 p.m. So both had to be + +14:45.080 --> 14:48.000 +carried to the hospital in Pasa, and it + +14:48.000 --> 14:50.040 +was very difficult. And then later my + +14:50.040 --> 14:52.660 +husband found work at a construction site, + +14:52.660 --> 14:57.020 +and I could also find work but I couldn't + +14:57.020 --> 15:01.180 +do much as I was sick most of the time. So + +15:01.180 --> 15:03.360 +when you were sick, who took care of your + +15:03.360 --> 15:03.800 +children? + +15:22.660 --> 15:24.660 +There wasn't anyone else to take care of + +15:24.660 --> 15:27.280 +them. I had to, and then when my husband + +15:27.280 --> 15:29.760 +returned from work, then we took care of + +15:29.760 --> 15:33.120 +them together. Right. So when you lived in + +15:33.120 --> 15:37.360 +Lhasa, did you have family who also lived + +15:37.360 --> 15:40.700 +in Lhasa or lived near you? We didn't have + +15:40.700 --> 15:43.980 +any relatives. We didn't have any + +15:43.980 --> 15:46.200 +relatives. We didn't have any relatives. + +15:46.300 --> 15:50.460 +We didn't have any relatives. No, both of + +15:50.460 --> 15:52.980 +us didn't have any relatives. it is. So + +15:52.980 --> 15:58.580 +you said that you went to Lhasa and you + +15:58.580 --> 16:02.420 +had three children. What made your family + +16:02.420 --> 16:03.260 +go to Lhasa? + +16:44.560 --> 16:49.140 +So we had to leave our hometown because we + +16:49.140 --> 16:51.680 +couldn't survive there. there, there was + +16:51.680 --> 16:54.660 +lack of food because if you couldn't work + +16:54.660 --> 16:57.740 +hard, there was no grains for you, and + +16:57.740 --> 17:00.960 +then since we had many children, both of + +17:00.960 --> 17:04.200 +us couldn't survive there and that's why + +17:04.200 --> 17:06.680 +my husband suggested that we go to Lhasa. + +17:08.060 --> 17:12.460 +Why wasn't there enough food? And Magali, + +17:12.580 --> 17:16.960 +how do you do the work? We do it by hand. + +17:20.460 --> 17:25.140 +We do it by hand. We do it by hand. We do + +17:25.140 --> 17:27.620 +it by hand. We do it by hand. + +17:36.080 --> 17:39.860 +So in the commune system, you know, if you + +17:39.860 --> 17:44.220 +could work, the officials gave you marks, + +17:44.500 --> 17:46.940 +and if you didn't, you know, there was no + +17:46.940 --> 17:48.940 +marks, which meant that you got no grains. + +17:50.680 --> 17:56.360 +But you worked, didn't you? Did you eat + +17:56.360 --> 17:56.420 +anything? + +18:01.880 --> 18:02.920 +We did, + +18:07.040 --> 18:09.720 +but there was nothing to eat, so we left. + +18:10.660 --> 18:12.640 +Was it because you had so many children + +18:12.640 --> 18:14.560 +that what you were allowed, what you were + +18:14.560 --> 18:15.700 +allocated wasn't enough? + +18:30.400 --> 18:32.600 +bombalo I was able to get a lot of money + +18:32.600 --> 18:36.160 +from the government. I was able to get a + +18:36.160 --> 18:38.080 +lot of money from the government. I was + +18:38.080 --> 18:41.420 +able to get a lot of money from the + +18:41.420 --> 18:43.340 +government. Yeah, + +18:48.640 --> 18:51.720 +the allocation wasn't sufficient. And then + +18:51.720 --> 18:54.420 +when we were in Lhasa, a friend of my + +18:54.420 --> 18:58.220 +husband suggested that, that since we had + +18:58.220 --> 19:01.680 +many children, that if we went to Nepal, + +19:01.860 --> 19:03.280 +it would be a better life for the + +19:03.280 --> 19:06.240 +children. So that's why we came to Nepal. + +19:08.100 --> 19:11.880 +Right. We'll come back to Nepal in a + +19:11.880 --> 19:14.620 +minute, but I was wondering in what ways + +19:14.620 --> 19:19.220 +was life in Lhasa different from life in + +19:19.220 --> 19:20.120 +the village? + +19:25.960 --> 19:26.660 +The + +20:28.560 --> 20:32.520 +So it was better in Lhasa because my + +20:32.520 --> 20:34.880 +husband was engaged in the construction + +20:34.880 --> 20:37.780 +work and then friends and other people, + +20:37.880 --> 20:39.880 +they used to give us little bags of + +20:39.880 --> 20:43.340 +Sambar. Were there other ways in which + +20:43.340 --> 20:45.240 +your life in Lhasa was different from the + +20:45.240 --> 20:48.480 +village? You had more food, but were there + +20:48.480 --> 20:49.860 +other ways in which your life was + +20:49.860 --> 20:50.260 +different? + +21:02.600 --> 21:04.680 +I don't know, I can't say. + +21:08.280 --> 21:13.220 +So I have only so much to say. Right. So + +21:13.220 --> 21:17.800 +your family decided to come to Nepal. Can + +21:17.800 --> 21:20.900 +you tell us the story of coming to Nepal? + +21:47.000 --> 21:49.380 +But this new heart's embedded in her + +21:49.380 --> 21:57.880 +stomach and made of bamboo. and she + +21:57.880 --> 22:04.300 +was anywhere from 58 + +22:04.300 --> 22:08.660 +to + +22:08.660 --> 22:14.140 +900 years old. It was a land state of five + +22:14.140 --> 22:14.140 +countries, + +22:42.720 --> 22:44.120 +added + +23:06.560 --> 23:10.760 +So from Lhasa there were times when we + +23:10.760 --> 23:14.360 +were on foot, and at times for an hour or + +23:14.360 --> 23:17.300 +two we would ply by vehicles but since we + +23:17.300 --> 23:20.500 +didn't have money to pay we couldn't get + +23:20.500 --> 23:23.940 +vehicles right through and it was from the + +23:23.940 --> 23:27.340 +border area of Tengri and Tamo that we + +23:27.340 --> 23:31.780 +came to Nepal and we were with quite a + +23:31.780 --> 23:34.260 +number of little children and my husband + +23:34.260 --> 23:37.920 +was carrying one of the twins over his his + +23:37.920 --> 23:40.660 +neck and the oldest son was carrying one + +23:40.660 --> 23:44.920 +of the other twins and the pathway was + +23:44.920 --> 23:47.500 +filled with snow and there were some + +23:47.500 --> 23:49.920 +Chinese people along the way that stopped + +23:49.920 --> 23:52.580 +us but since we were with little children + +23:52.580 --> 23:55.500 +they allowed us to go and in fact there + +23:55.500 --> 23:58.060 +were two girls that commented that the + +23:58.060 --> 24:01.400 +twins were very beautiful and then thanks + +24:01.400 --> 24:03.640 +thanks to the grace of his holiness we + +24:03.640 --> 24:07.920 +were able to escape safely How long did it + +24:07.920 --> 24:10.920 +take you to come from Lhasa to Nepal? + +24:30.880 --> 24:34.120 +So it might have taken about half a month, + +24:34.300 --> 24:36.760 +because at times we were walking and at + +24:36.760 --> 24:39.280 +times we could get lift in some vehicles. + +24:40.180 --> 24:42.440 +So what did you take with you when you + +24:42.440 --> 24:43.500 +left Tibet? + +25:20.040 --> 25:23.540 +So we had brought nothing except our + +25:23.540 --> 25:27.440 +blankets and a little bit of Tsampa. And + +25:27.440 --> 25:30.580 +when we reached Nepal, my husband had + +25:30.580 --> 25:33.300 +friends to whom we sent message, and they + +25:33.300 --> 25:36.120 +came to fetch us at the reception + +25:36.120 --> 25:40.700 +committee office. And did you have enough + +25:40.700 --> 25:43.840 +food, enough sampa, for your whole family + +25:43.840 --> 25:45.620 +to go for these two weeks? + +26:09.600 --> 26:13.480 +There was 200,000 Royal doctor! The police + +26:13.480 --> 26:16.720 +need to come immediately The police has + +26:16.720 --> 26:17.780 +come and arrested a woman I leave her ... + +26:19.860 --> 26:22.720 +She is bedridden I need to take her to the + +26:22.720 --> 26:34.580 +police Pleasechen But I do not want toatar + +26:34.580 --> 26:36.360 +I was a little girl, and I was a little + +26:36.360 --> 26:39.380 +girl. I was a little girl, and I was a + +26:39.380 --> 26:43.380 +little girl. I was a little girl, and I + +26:43.380 --> 26:46.460 +was a little girl. I was a little girl, + +26:46.820 --> 26:49.860 +and I was a little girl. I was a little + +26:49.860 --> 26:50.840 +girl, and I was a little girl. I was a + +26:50.840 --> 26:51.300 +little girl, and I was a little girl. I + +26:51.300 --> 26:53.160 +was a little girl, and I was a little + +26:53.160 --> 26:56.640 +girl. I was a little girl, and I was a + +26:56.640 --> 26:59.620 +little girl. I was a little girl, and I + +26:59.620 --> 27:02.360 +was a little girl. + +27:25.360 --> 27:28.300 +So we had, yes, a little bit of tsampa, + +27:28.520 --> 27:30.780 +and I used to feed the children in + +27:30.780 --> 27:33.700 +spoonfuls, which they used to gulp and + +27:33.700 --> 27:37.000 +then we were able to you know cross over a + +27:37.000 --> 27:39.560 +mountain and there was a river and nearby + +27:39.560 --> 27:42.860 +we found some Nepalese police and we were + +27:42.860 --> 27:46.600 +really very scared and I told my husband + +27:46.600 --> 27:49.580 +you know will they not kill us now and + +27:49.580 --> 27:52.500 +then we met some merchants who said that + +27:52.500 --> 27:55.280 +now you need have no fear because you will + +27:55.280 --> 27:58.160 +you are in Nepalese territory and you will + +27:58.160 --> 28:01.000 +no longer fall into Chinese hands But + +28:01.000 --> 28:04.660 +still they were very scared. And then we + +28:04.660 --> 28:09.080 +saw some Nepali road crew and they were + +28:09.080 --> 28:13.520 +living in little tents. And so we entered + +28:13.520 --> 28:15.560 +one of the tents and they gave us hot + +28:15.560 --> 28:20.480 +water and I made little balls of dough + +28:20.480 --> 28:23.120 +with the Sampa and hot water and fed my + +28:23.120 --> 28:26.280 +children. And then we went to Dharamsala + +28:26.280 --> 28:28.800 +and we were very happy to see His Holiness + +28:28.800 --> 28:35.840 +the Dalai So you arrived in Nepal and then + +28:35.840 --> 28:38.780 +how did you get to Dharamsala? + +28:48.240 --> 28:53.080 +The reception committee there dropped us + +28:53.080 --> 28:57.740 +to Dharamsala. I want to go back to make + +28:57.740 --> 29:00.460 +sure I've understood something. So your + +29:00.460 --> 29:03.940 +decision to leave Nepal, I mean to leave + +29:03.940 --> 29:08.280 +Tibet, was because of hunger? What was the + +29:08.280 --> 29:10.400 +reason why you left Tibet? Tibet. + +29:59.360 --> 30:03.720 +So the reason + +30:03.720 --> 30:07.320 +why we left our hometown forvariy was the + +30:07.320 --> 30:10.800 +lack of food and livelihood and hasa was + +30:10.800 --> 30:14.320 +better and then in the hometown but Our + +30:14.320 --> 30:16.760 +children were not getting any education in + +30:16.760 --> 30:19.480 +hasa so and we were told that if we went + +30:19.480 --> 30:22.020 +to Nepal We would be able to admit our + +30:22.020 --> 30:24.460 +children into school. So for the sake of + +30:24.460 --> 30:29.840 +our children So you + +30:29.840 --> 30:34.420 +lived in Tibet when the Chinese were there + +30:34.420 --> 30:37.720 +How is life like for you under the + +30:37.720 --> 30:38.040 +Chinese? + +31:04.420 --> 31:07.840 +So I do not have much knowledge. That's + +31:07.840 --> 31:11.080 +between in the offices, that happens, and + +31:11.080 --> 31:15.820 +my job was just doing my work. And your + +31:15.820 --> 31:17.820 +work was what? What was your work? + +31:41.580 --> 31:46.460 +So our responsibility was harvesting the + +31:46.460 --> 31:51.520 +parni and then de-husking them in a large + +31:51.520 --> 31:55.300 +open ground during the commune, but I have + +31:55.300 --> 31:58.280 +forgotten much of it. What about in Lhasa? + +31:58.440 --> 32:05.440 +What was your work in Lhasa? So, it's + +32:05.440 --> 32:26.740 +like + +32:26.740 --> 32:28.160 +what I told you earlier, here, + +32:28.220 --> 32:31.040 +constructing houses, digging the ground, + +32:31.260 --> 32:33.740 +laying the bricks, and building as it + +32:33.740 --> 32:37.140 +happens here. You did that? Amla adina la + +32:37.140 --> 32:39.300 +lera chey na, kama basura dwe adina la? + +32:39.680 --> 32:43.340 +Nga lera ka zote me na, nade. Lera ka zote + +32:43.340 --> 32:47.120 +me. No, I couldn't go to work because I + +32:47.120 --> 32:53.000 +was sick. Right. Okay. Did you have any + +32:53.000 --> 32:55.920 +interactions with Chinese people? + +33:05.920 --> 33:06.640 +No. + +33:09.480 --> 33:12.660 +So did life change for you when the + +33:12.660 --> 33:14.920 +Chinese came to Tibet? + +33:20.520 --> 33:21.920 +Yes, + +33:43.780 --> 33:49.000 +in In 1961-62, by then the Chinese had + +33:49.000 --> 33:51.900 +already launched the liberation. And at + +33:51.900 --> 33:54.160 +that time, when my husband and I escaped, + +33:55.200 --> 33:59.580 +there wasn't many people escaping then, + +33:59.800 --> 34:02.520 +but later on, more and more people started + +34:02.520 --> 34:09.160 +coming. And what happened then? We were in + +34:09.160 --> 34:12.860 +the same house. You mean the same house? + +34:12.920 --> 34:13.140 +No. + +34:37.360 --> 34:40.120 +Once we were at the reception center here + +34:40.120 --> 34:42.920 +and then we were sent to see His Holiness + +34:42.920 --> 34:45.360 +the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala and then the + +34:45.360 --> 34:47.640 +children were put in school and then my + +34:47.640 --> 34:50.700 +husband and I we were sent to a factory in + +34:50.700 --> 34:53.740 +Dalahousey in Himachal Pradesh and then + +34:53.740 --> 34:56.460 +there was no problem at all. Was your + +34:56.460 --> 34:58.980 +husband affected at all by the Chinese + +34:58.980 --> 34:59.500 +occupation? + +35:12.920 --> 35:15.160 +he starts to crochet some 다른loeWhen he + +35:15.160 --> 35:29.940 +designing this Let me see that's the + +35:29.940 --> 35:42.000 +kurva + +35:42.000 --> 35:47.420 +worker in Pasar and he was you know laying + +35:47.420 --> 35:50.040 +the iron rods for the construction and + +35:50.040 --> 35:52.960 +then after coming into India then he + +35:52.960 --> 35:57.060 +worked as a embosser of handmade carpets. + +35:58.600 --> 36:01.180 +Right at the beginning you mentioned that + +36:01.180 --> 36:04.420 +most of your children except for your last + +36:04.420 --> 36:08.580 +child were born at home but one child was + +36:08.580 --> 36:11.720 +born in the hospital. Why was that child + +36:11.720 --> 36:13.600 +born in the hospital? What caused you to + +36:13.600 --> 36:15.400 +take that, you know, go to the hospital + +36:15.400 --> 36:15.840 +for that? + +36:40.240 --> 36:43.960 +So I was having labor pains but could not + +36:43.960 --> 36:46.420 +give birth so that's why I went to the + +36:46.420 --> 36:50.100 +hospital. And your baby was safe? Now you + +36:50.100 --> 36:51.220 +know you have to carry on the + +36:51.220 --> 36:53.220 +discipleship. Yes. We are going to keep + +36:53.220 --> 36:57.220 +going because we are already deeply in + +36:57.220 --> 36:57.220 +love with you. + +37:00.840 --> 37:07.060 +Just in time, I will be if I have the + +37:07.060 --> 37:10.540 +sense of you coming into housing, as you + +37:10.540 --> 37:11.060 +can see + +37:35.800 --> 37:38.340 +Yes, the last child was born in hospital + +37:38.340 --> 37:42.460 +after five or six days. actually the labor + +37:42.460 --> 37:45.420 +pains had started and the child wasn't + +37:45.420 --> 37:48.440 +born so the nurse told me that I would + +37:48.440 --> 37:50.420 +have to stay in hospital for a few days + +37:50.420 --> 37:53.020 +because it was a big child but I didn't + +37:53.020 --> 37:55.600 +want to stay and wanted to go back home + +37:55.600 --> 37:59.100 +and my husband said that you know I + +37:59.100 --> 38:01.560 +wouldn't take me home saying that you know + +38:01.560 --> 38:04.200 +if we went back home that child and I + +38:04.200 --> 38:08.900 +would die. Is there anything else that you + +38:08.900 --> 38:10.640 +would like to share with us about your + +38:10.640 --> 38:13.120 +life in Tibet? . + +38:18.060 --> 38:19.160 +That's about it. + +38:22.260 --> 38:27.580 +Thank you. If this interview were shown in + +38:27.580 --> 38:30.320 +Tibet or China, would it be a problem for + +38:30.320 --> 38:32.280 +you? . + +38:42.840 --> 38:48.680 +I don't know + +38:48.680 --> 38:51.400 +whether there will be any problems or no + +38:51.400 --> 38:54.200 +problems. Is it okay if we use your real + +38:54.200 --> 38:58.460 +name? I think that's a good thing. I think + +38:58.460 --> 39:00.980 +that's a good thing. I think that's a good + +39:00.980 --> 39:05.380 +thing. Yes, it is. If I had a child, I + +39:05.380 --> 39:10.700 +would have a child. Yes, but then if the + +39:10.700 --> 39:12.700 +Chinese come and investigate, they may + +39:12.700 --> 39:16.080 +take me away. Thank you very much for + +39:16.080 --> 39:17.500 +sharing your story with us. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/dd704pb2854_6N_Dhondup_Lhamo_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/baseline/dd704pb2854_6N_Dhondup_Lhamo_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ab5545b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/dd704pb2854_6N_Dhondup_Lhamo_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1391 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:06.780 --> 00:10.080 +Please tell us your name. I'm Lagi Menkare + +00:10.080 --> 00:13.420 +Nasorona. Dendul Lama. Dendul Lama. Thank + +00:13.420 --> 00:16.660 +you. His Holiness the Dalai Lama asked us + +00:16.660 --> 00:19.260 +to record your experiences so that we can + +00:19.260 --> 00:21.600 +share your memories with many generations + +00:21.600 --> 00:24.420 +of Tibetans, the Chinese, and the rest of + +00:24.420 --> 00:26.800 +the world. Your memories will help us to + +00:26.800 --> 00:29.080 +document the true history, culture, and + +00:29.080 --> 00:30.560 +beliefs of the Tibetan people. + +01:01.700 --> 01:04.020 +Do you give permission for the Tibet Oral + +01:04.020 --> 01:05.800 +History Project to use this interview? + +01:15.760 --> 01:19.260 +Thank you very much for offering to share + +01:19.260 --> 01:22.300 +your story with us. During this interview, + +01:22.560 --> 01:25.200 +if at any time you want to take a break or + +01:25.200 --> 01:26.840 +stop, please let us know. + +01:38.720 --> 01:41.540 +And if you do not want to answer a + +01:41.540 --> 01:43.840 +question or talk about something, let us + +01:43.840 --> 01:44.080 +know. + +01:52.200 --> 01:54.840 +If your interview were to be shown in + +01:54.840 --> 01:57.460 +Tibet or China, Would this be a problem + +01:57.460 --> 01:58.020 +for you? + +02:05.680 --> 02:11.120 +There will be no problems. Thank you. And + +02:11.120 --> 02:13.220 +we're very honored to record your story + +02:13.220 --> 02:14.740 +and appreciate very much your + +02:14.740 --> 02:16.000 +participation in the project. + +02:21.740 --> 02:23.520 +How old are you? + +02:27.200 --> 02:27.880 +71. + +02:30.640 --> 02:32.540 +And where are you from in Tibet? + +02:36.360 --> 02:43.760 +So the place + +02:43.760 --> 02:48.380 +where I lived was called La Gong. And in + +02:48.380 --> 02:50.020 +which province was La Gong? + +03:04.660 --> 03:10.660 +I came to Lhasa in 1961-62 when the + +03:10.660 --> 03:12.760 +Chinese created a lot of problems. + +03:15.560 --> 03:18.080 +Where were you born? In which province? + +03:36.980 --> 03:40.900 +So when you came to Lhasa, you were about + +03:40.900 --> 03:41.540 +how old? + +03:57.960 --> 04:02.120 +So I must have been about 36 years old and + +04:02.120 --> 04:04.840 +when I came to Lhasa I had three children + +04:04.840 --> 04:07.820 +with me and then three were born in Lhasa. + +04:07.820 --> 04:08.560 +Okay. + +04:10.820 --> 04:15.660 +So that's been so long ago. In your + +04:15.660 --> 04:18.900 +village, what did your father do? Ms + +04:18.900 --> 04:22.280 +Naganga, are there + +04:22.280 --> 04:24.820 +conditions under the union or what offers + +04:24.820 --> 04:30.840 +you? No, people don't seeued more as a + +04:30.840 --> 04:34.200 +woman Or audio-visual people don't see it + +04:34.200 --> 04:34.640 +anymore + +04:46.480 --> 04:51.320 +So in those days my father was a farmer + +04:51.320 --> 04:54.480 +working in the commune and then we would + +04:54.480 --> 04:59.120 +dig up medicinal plants called poppy from + +04:59.120 --> 04:59.700 +the ground. + +05:02.540 --> 05:04.820 +So you were in a commune, a Tibetan + +05:04.820 --> 05:08.100 +commune, or was this a Chinese commune? Do + +05:08.100 --> 05:11.960 +you killsBL animals? Do you kill deer and + +05:11.960 --> 05:15.800 +wild animals? No No tighter put together + +05:15.800 --> 05:26.140 +if not put together re-decl + +05:26.140 --> 05:32.820 +ministre + +05:32.820 --> 05:35.420 +Then they would go to the fields and pick + +05:35.420 --> 05:38.300 +the seeds. And then they would go to the + +05:38.300 --> 05:40.620 +fields and pick the seeds. And then they + +05:40.620 --> 05:42.960 +would go to the fields and pick the seeds. + +05:48.360 --> 05:52.120 +So it was a Tibetan commune run by + +05:52.120 --> 05:55.900 +Chinese. And the farmers harvested, when + +05:55.900 --> 05:58.780 +the farmers harvested grains and wheat and + +05:58.780 --> 06:01.780 +barley, we would have to give them to the + +06:01.780 --> 06:04.520 +Chinese so being unable to endure the + +06:04.520 --> 06:06.780 +suffering my husband and I and children + +06:06.780 --> 06:09.860 +fled or went to went to Lhasa. Went to + +06:09.860 --> 06:14.940 +Lhasa, right. So what memories do you have + +06:14.940 --> 06:17.100 +of your childhood when you were a little + +06:17.100 --> 06:17.440 +girl? + +06:32.120 --> 06:34.560 +What should I say about when I was little? + +06:46.620 --> 06:50.920 +I have no memories of my younger days. + +06:51.680 --> 06:56.040 +Okay. What did your mother do? Son, Doyul + +06:56.040 --> 06:56.660 +and daughter, now who's learning about the + +06:56.660 --> 06:59.760 +mother's wife-to-be and daughter-in-law's + +06:59.760 --> 07:02.720 +wife-to-be- 처. Mother's only daughter has + +07:02.720 --> 07:06.580 +half 15 years left from birth, otherwise + +07:06.580 --> 07:11.720 +she would still lose them. So we took them + +07:11.720 --> 07:15.760 +together, we were still helping and female + +07:15.760 --> 07:15.760 +and male sons. + +07:36.540 --> 07:43.840 +So in the commune she was, she had the + +07:43.840 --> 07:45.740 +task of milking and then she would milk + +07:45.740 --> 07:48.260 +the cows. And then also carrying hay on + +07:48.260 --> 07:51.500 +the back to be spread under the horses and + +07:51.500 --> 07:54.960 +mules. And then after we escaped, I had no + +07:54.960 --> 07:59.140 +idea about them, but I think they have all + +07:59.140 --> 08:03.300 +passed away now. So did you help your + +08:03.300 --> 08:05.420 +mother or your father with their work on + +08:05.420 --> 08:05.900 +the commune? + +08:25.480 --> 08:26.080 +No, + +08:30.080 --> 08:33.000 +because I had little children then, and so + +08:33.000 --> 08:35.180 +instead of helping them, I needed their + +08:35.180 --> 08:35.620 +help. + +08:38.380 --> 08:40.740 +How old were you when you had your first + +08:40.740 --> 08:41.120 +child? + +09:03.760 --> 09:08.800 +So we don't normally calculate our years + +09:08.800 --> 09:11.480 +and ages. So it was like, you know, + +09:11.520 --> 09:14.100 +animals giving birth. Likewise, we too + +09:14.100 --> 09:18.440 +gave birth to our children. Do your + +09:18.440 --> 09:19.500 +children live with you now? + +09:26.940 --> 09:31.280 +No, not together. I have three children, + +09:31.400 --> 09:35.100 +and I had my children in the hospital. Can + +09:35.100 --> 09:37.620 +you tell us about your experiences giving + +09:37.620 --> 09:41.140 +birth to children? So, Marwa, you are a + +09:41.140 --> 09:43.760 +very good teacher. You have taught us a + +09:43.760 --> 09:47.180 +lot of things. So, what do you think about + +09:47.180 --> 09:50.840 +teaching us how to be a good teacher? I + +09:50.840 --> 09:53.820 +don't know how to teach. I have been + +09:53.820 --> 09:56.760 +teaching since I was a child. I have been + +09:56.760 --> 09:58.760 +teaching since I was a child. I don't know + +09:58.760 --> 10:02.720 +how to teach. I don't know how to teach. I + +10:02.720 --> 10:04.660 +don't know how to teach. I don't know how + +10:04.660 --> 10:05.000 +to teach. + +10:14.620 --> 10:20.880 +So I didn't give + +10:20.880 --> 10:26.060 +birth + +10:26.060 --> 10:29.460 +in hospitals and it was my husband that + +10:29.460 --> 10:34.940 +helped me during the childbirth. and it + +10:34.940 --> 10:38.320 +is only my daughter that was born in + +10:38.320 --> 10:40.740 +hospital and I couldn't give birth to her + +10:40.740 --> 10:43.220 +and all my other children including the + +10:43.220 --> 10:47.660 +twins were not born in hospital. How did + +10:47.660 --> 10:48.740 +your husband help you? + +11:01.160 --> 11:02.940 +I was a little girl, and I was a little + +11:02.940 --> 11:07.000 +girl. I was a little girl, and I was a + +11:07.000 --> 11:10.140 +little girl. I was a little girl, and I + +11:10.140 --> 11:11.280 +was a little girl. I was a little girl, + +11:11.280 --> 11:13.540 +and I was a little girl. I was a little + +11:13.540 --> 11:17.380 +girl, and I was a little girl. I was a + +11:17.380 --> 11:20.680 +little girl, and I was a little girl. I + +11:20.680 --> 11:21.500 +was a little girl, and I was a little + +11:21.500 --> 11:21.780 +girl. + +11:39.560 --> 11:44.720 +So when the first of the twins was born, I + +11:44.720 --> 11:48.480 +was on my knees and my husband, he took + +11:48.480 --> 11:50.780 +the child wrapped it in cloth and laid it + +11:50.780 --> 11:54.220 +on the bed and then I went out to answer + +11:54.220 --> 11:57.140 +nature's call and then I could feel that + +11:57.140 --> 12:00.900 +there was another child in me and so I + +12:00.900 --> 12:03.800 +told my husband that there is one more + +12:03.800 --> 12:07.040 +child and he said it can't be but then I + +12:07.040 --> 12:09.420 +said there is one more and then the other + +12:09.420 --> 12:12.720 +one was born and while breastfeeding I had + +12:12.720 --> 12:15.440 +to feed one child here and one child here + +12:15.440 --> 12:17.900 +and it was same when I was feeding them + +12:17.900 --> 12:21.540 +food later. At the same time, feeding them + +12:21.540 --> 12:23.740 +one here, one here? At the same time. + +12:23.920 --> 12:26.020 +Thujujjipa le chikla omadetje, chikla + +12:26.020 --> 12:29.200 +omadetje, roa? Nyaka tew. Nyaka ngode. + +12:29.380 --> 12:32.620 +Ngode nyaka sumte omadetje. Yes, because + +12:32.620 --> 12:35.360 +both cried at the same time. Cried, cried. + +12:36.420 --> 12:38.760 +And were all your children healthy when + +12:38.760 --> 12:41.200 +they were born? Amla, puku ketiw ka ne + +12:41.200 --> 12:46.140 +puku tsangma tangpo duwe? Shubha Bhat is + +12:46.140 --> 12:47.340 +bright and his father was doing that, he + +12:47.340 --> 12:47.340 +said. + +13:13.600 --> 13:19.360 +So the second The second of the twins was + +13:19.360 --> 13:22.840 +born leg first and I thought it was a + +13:22.840 --> 13:26.600 +headless child. And then my husband pulled + +13:26.600 --> 13:29.360 +it out and there was no crying so I + +13:29.360 --> 13:31.920 +thought it wasn't alive. And when I + +13:31.920 --> 13:34.300 +touched the leg it was warm and then my + +13:34.300 --> 13:39.000 +husband cleaned it up. How did you feel? + +13:39.080 --> 13:42.580 +Can you remember your emotions? Your + +13:42.580 --> 13:44.420 +mother's strength. When Mother went home, + +13:44.660 --> 13:47.140 +She told Your mother She wanted her to + +13:47.140 --> 13:49.100 +follow She самой đihistoric practice + +13:49.100 --> 13:49.940 +father and sister through her daughter + +13:49.940 --> 13:55.220 +Very little, very little + +13:56.900 --> 13:59.980 +water was sweeping she could not go to + +13:59.980 --> 14:05.740 +Sangam and they robbed her of everything + +14:05.740 --> 14:08.700 +was leaving there + +14:20.320 --> 14:24.600 +So the twins, you know, if one child is + +14:24.600 --> 14:28.300 +born, + +14:28.300 --> 14:30.340 +I was the only one who was sick. I was the + +14:30.340 --> 14:32.220 +only one who was sick. I was the only one + +14:32.220 --> 14:33.180 +who was sick. I was the only one who was + +14:33.180 --> 14:38.780 +sick. So the twins, you know, if one child + +14:38.780 --> 14:41.240 +got sick around 12 o'clock, the other + +14:41.240 --> 14:44.980 +would become sick at 3pm. So both had to + +14:44.980 --> 14:48.000 +be carried to the hospital in Pasa. And it + +14:48.000 --> 14:50.020 +was very difficult. And then later my + +14:50.020 --> 14:52.640 +husband found work at a construction site. + +14:53.060 --> 14:57.020 +And I could also find work, but I couldn't + +14:57.020 --> 15:01.180 +do much as I was sick most of the time. So + +15:01.180 --> 15:03.360 +when you were sick, who took care of your + +15:03.360 --> 15:03.880 +children? one. + +15:09.720 --> 15:23.280 +There wasn't + +15:23.280 --> 15:26.020 +anyone else to take care of them. I had to + +15:26.020 --> 15:27.660 +and then when my husband been returned + +15:27.660 --> 15:29.860 +from work then we took care of them + +15:29.860 --> 15:34.160 +together so when you lived in Lhasa did + +15:34.160 --> 15:38.520 +you have family who also lived in Lhasa or + +15:38.520 --> 15:39.380 +lived near you + +15:42.280 --> 15:45.280 +I'm lucky that not me down pinga shambhala + +15:45.280 --> 15:48.080 +in the hustle a your a your mother no no + +15:48.080 --> 15:52.960 +both of us didn't have any relatives so + +15:52.960 --> 15:58.600 +you said that you went to Lhasa and you + +15:58.600 --> 16:02.020 +had three children what what made your + +16:02.020 --> 16:03.240 +family go to Lhasa? + +16:44.580 --> 16:49.140 +So we had to leave our hometown because we + +16:49.140 --> 16:51.680 +couldn't survive there. there, there was + +16:51.680 --> 16:54.660 +lack of food because if you couldn't work + +16:54.660 --> 16:57.740 +hard, there was no grains for you, and + +16:57.740 --> 17:00.960 +then since we had many children, both of + +17:00.960 --> 17:04.200 +us couldn't survive there and that's why + +17:04.200 --> 17:06.680 +my husband suggested that we go to Lhasa. + +17:08.060 --> 17:12.460 +Why wasn't there enough food? And Magali, + +17:12.580 --> 17:16.960 +how do you do the work? We do it by hand. + +17:20.460 --> 17:25.140 +We do it by hand. We do it by hand. We do + +17:25.140 --> 17:27.620 +it by hand. We do it by hand. + +17:36.080 --> 17:39.860 +So in the commune system, you know, if you + +17:39.860 --> 17:44.220 +could work, the officials gave you marks, + +17:44.500 --> 17:46.940 +and if you didn't, you know, there was no + +17:46.940 --> 17:48.940 +marks, which meant that you got no grains. + +17:50.680 --> 17:56.360 +But you worked, didn't you? Did you eat + +17:56.360 --> 17:56.420 +anything? + +18:01.880 --> 18:02.920 +We did, + +18:07.040 --> 18:09.720 +but there was nothing to eat, so we left. + +18:10.660 --> 18:12.640 +Was it because you had so many children + +18:12.640 --> 18:14.560 +that what you were allowed, what you were + +18:14.560 --> 18:17.080 +allocated wasn't enough? So, sağ name + +18:17.080 --> 18:21.640 +shows that he had pressure. Yes, I had + +18:21.640 --> 18:21.940 +pressure. + +18:25.680 --> 18:27.880 +Now, I'm a little tired, now I feel + +18:27.880 --> 18:30.580 +confident about any poverty machine but + +18:30.580 --> 18:32.800 +they do that for me to come on the study + +18:32.800 --> 18:35.860 +people to gonna and they have a yes I did + +18:35.860 --> 18:40.620 +say what any last another lots of jelly + +18:40.620 --> 18:45.720 +Chito Joseph never know he said yeah the + +18:45.720 --> 18:49.200 +allocation + +18:49.200 --> 18:52.600 +wasn't sufficient and then when we were in + +18:52.600 --> 18:55.420 +Hussar a friend of my husband suggested + +18:55.420 --> 18:58.880 +that you know since we had many children + +18:58.880 --> 19:02.440 +that if we went to Nepal it would be a + +19:02.440 --> 19:04.740 +better life for the children so that's why + +19:04.740 --> 19:10.740 +we came to Nepal. Right I'd like we'll + +19:10.740 --> 19:13.040 +come back to Nepal in a minute but I was + +19:13.040 --> 19:16.660 +wondering in what ways was life in Lhasa + +19:16.660 --> 19:20.120 +different from life in the village? + +19:26.900 --> 19:29.700 +Amal, we met in Thangbo with Amal on the + +19:29.700 --> 19:33.880 +road. Did you ask her about the Kepa + +19:33.880 --> 19:36.960 +recipe? Yes, + +19:39.220 --> 19:46.360 +we did. As a child and as prends theorist, + +19:46.540 --> 19:47.540 +we juts see people family village, + +19:49.060 --> 19:51.240 +aromatic powder and they drink it. It was + +19:51.240 --> 19:54.400 +a more herbal and Standing mother plant + +19:54.400 --> 19:58.480 +that we sourced. How old were you? I was + +19:58.480 --> 20:01.240 +very young. I was very young. I was very + +20:01.240 --> 20:04.920 +young. I was very young. I was very young. + +20:06.980 --> 20:12.460 +I was very young. I was very young. You + +20:12.460 --> 20:16.380 +were very young. Were you very young? Were + +20:16.380 --> 20:20.760 +you very young? Yes, I was very young. I + +20:20.760 --> 20:21.660 +was very young. + +20:28.460 --> 20:32.520 +So it was better in Lhasa because my + +20:32.520 --> 20:34.900 +husband was engaged in the construction + +20:34.900 --> 20:37.780 +work and then friends and other people, + +20:37.860 --> 20:40.160 +they used to give us little bags of Sampa. + +20:41.840 --> 20:43.800 +Were there other ways in which your life + +20:43.800 --> 20:45.540 +in Lhasa was different from the village? + +20:45.740 --> 20:48.680 +You had more food, but were there other + +20:48.680 --> 20:50.260 +ways in which your life was different? + +21:02.600 --> 21:04.680 +I don't know, I can't say. + +21:08.280 --> 21:13.220 +So I have only so much to say. Right. So + +21:13.220 --> 21:17.800 +your family decided to come to Nepal. Can + +21:17.800 --> 21:20.900 +you tell us the story of coming to Nepal? + +21:47.000 --> 21:49.720 +Now if I mistook it for decrease forление + +21:51.940 --> 21:53.920 +or decrease You + +22:23.560 --> 22:24.660 +We were so afraid, being because of his + +22:24.660 --> 22:30.660 +laziness. He said that the monk who made + +22:30.660 --> 22:31.280 +usiden + +23:06.720 --> 23:10.760 +So from Lhasa there were times when we + +23:10.760 --> 23:14.360 +were on foot and at times for an hour or + +23:14.360 --> 23:17.300 +two we would ply by vehicles but since we + +23:17.300 --> 23:20.500 +didn't have money to pay we couldn't get + +23:20.500 --> 23:23.940 +vehicles right through and it was from the + +23:23.940 --> 23:27.340 +border area of Tengri and Tamo that we + +23:27.340 --> 23:31.540 +came towards Nepal. And we were with quite + +23:31.540 --> 23:33.860 +a number of little children, and my + +23:33.860 --> 23:37.360 +husband was carrying one of the twins over + +23:37.360 --> 23:40.340 +his neck, and the oldest son was carrying + +23:40.340 --> 23:44.500 +one of the other twins, and the pathway + +23:44.500 --> 23:47.500 +was filled with snow, and there were some + +23:47.500 --> 23:49.920 +Chinese people along the way that stopped + +23:49.920 --> 23:52.580 +us, but since we were with little children + +23:52.580 --> 23:55.500 +they allowed us to go and in fact there + +23:55.500 --> 23:58.080 +were two girls that commented that the + +23:58.080 --> 24:01.400 +twins were very beautiful and then thanks + +24:01.400 --> 24:03.620 +thanks to the grace of His Holiness we + +24:03.620 --> 24:07.920 +were able to escape safely how long did it + +24:07.920 --> 24:10.940 +take you to come from Lhasa to Nepal? + +24:30.960 --> 24:34.140 +So it might have taken about half a month, + +24:34.300 --> 24:36.780 +because at times we were walking and at + +24:36.780 --> 24:39.320 +times we could get lift in some vehicles. + +24:40.080 --> 24:42.460 +So what did you take with you when you + +24:42.460 --> 24:48.240 +left Tibet? the Via Norma to you on the + +24:48.240 --> 24:52.080 +canne am LIE prison to do If somebody who + +24:52.080 --> 24:57.320 +is just trying and just wants to make + +24:57.320 --> 25:01.080 +their life better… This particular + +25:01.080 --> 25:10.740 +religion can also get real + +25:10.740 --> 25:10.760 +cells. + +25:20.140 --> 25:23.540 +So we had brought nothing except our + +25:23.540 --> 25:27.460 +blankets and a little bit of tsampa. And + +25:27.460 --> 25:30.580 +when we reached Nepal, my husband had + +25:30.580 --> 25:33.300 +friends to whom we sent message, and they + +25:33.300 --> 25:36.120 +came to fetch us at the reception + +25:36.120 --> 25:40.680 +committee office. And did you have enough + +25:40.680 --> 25:43.840 +food, enough sampa for your whole family + +25:43.840 --> 25:45.620 +to go for these two weeks? + +26:07.140 --> 26:09.160 +included by the people with disabilities, + +26:09.800 --> 26:11.160 +as well as the women of the village sick + +26:11.160 --> 26:16.500 +and badly harmed by the virus, . We didn't + +26:16.500 --> 26:18.440 +change these rules. We didn't go back to + +26:18.440 --> 26:21.900 +our roots of education andidades like I + +26:21.900 --> 26:26.240 +said, Naipa. There was no one I would + +26:26.240 --> 26:28.380 +create in my village, there was no one I + +26:28.380 --> 26:29.400 +wouldak to know and expose old women. if + +26:29.400 --> 26:33.740 +they had listened to the government + +26:33.740 --> 26:34.320 +quarantine regulations, I was a young + +26:34.320 --> 26:37.520 +girl, and I was a young girl. I was a + +26:37.520 --> 26:41.560 +young girl, and I was a young girl. I was + +26:41.560 --> 26:44.060 +a young girl, and I was a young girl. I + +26:44.060 --> 26:44.940 +was a young girl, and I was a young girl. + +26:45.580 --> 26:48.420 +I was a young girl, and I was a young + +26:48.420 --> 26:50.720 +girl. I was a young girl, and I was a + +26:50.720 --> 26:53.020 +young girl. I was a young girl, and I was + +26:53.020 --> 26:56.560 +a young girl. I was a young girl, and I + +26:56.560 --> 26:59.600 +was a young girl. I was a young girl, and + +26:59.600 --> 27:01.300 +I was a young girl. I was a young girl, + +27:01.340 --> 27:02.660 +and I was a young girl. + +27:25.280 --> 27:29.420 +So we had a little bit of tsampa, and I + +27:29.420 --> 27:31.840 +used to feed the children in spoonfuls, + +27:31.840 --> 27:34.760 +which they used to gulp and then we were + +27:34.760 --> 27:38.100 +able to you know cross over a mountain and + +27:38.100 --> 27:40.840 +there was a river and nearby we found some + +27:40.840 --> 27:43.380 +Nepalese police and we were really very + +27:43.380 --> 27:47.720 +scared and I told my husband you know will + +27:47.720 --> 27:50.880 +they not kill us now and then we met some + +27:50.880 --> 27:53.580 +merchants who said that now you need have + +27:53.580 --> 27:55.920 +no fear because you will you are in + +27:55.920 --> 27:58.720 +Nepalese territory and you will no longer + +27:58.720 --> 28:01.600 +fall into Chinese hands But still they + +28:01.600 --> 28:05.900 +were very scared. And then we saw some + +28:05.900 --> 28:09.680 +Nepali road crew and they were living in + +28:09.680 --> 28:14.060 +little tents. And so we entered one of the + +28:14.060 --> 28:17.060 +tents and they gave us hot water and I + +28:17.060 --> 28:21.500 +made little balls of dough with the Sampa + +28:21.500 --> 28:24.360 +and hot water and fed my children. And + +28:24.360 --> 28:27.280 +then we went to Dharamsala and we were + +28:27.280 --> 28:29.360 +very happy to see His Holiness the Dalai + +28:31.200 --> 28:37.360 +So you arrived in Nepal and then how did + +28:37.360 --> 28:38.780 +you get to Dharamsala? + +28:48.240 --> 28:53.080 +The reception committee there dropped us + +28:53.080 --> 28:57.740 +to Dharamsala. I want to go back to make + +28:57.740 --> 29:00.460 +sure I've understood something. So your + +29:00.460 --> 29:03.940 +decision to leave Nepal, I mean to leave + +29:03.940 --> 29:08.280 +Tibet, was because of hunger? What was the + +29:08.280 --> 29:10.400 +reason why you left Tibet? Tibet. + +29:40.080 --> 29:42.760 +soma thwa tsawa machi o criminals + +29:59.100 --> 30:03.760 +So the reason + +30:03.760 --> 30:07.280 +why we left our hometown one time was the + +30:07.280 --> 30:10.780 +lack of food and livelihood in Hassa was + +30:10.780 --> 30:14.200 +better than in the hometown, but our + +30:14.200 --> 30:16.760 +children were not getting any education in + +30:16.760 --> 30:19.660 +Hassa, and we were told that if we went to + +30:19.660 --> 30:22.040 +Nepal, we would be able to admit our + +30:22.040 --> 30:24.400 +children into school. So for the sake of + +30:24.400 --> 30:29.960 +our children, we left Tibet. Right. So you + +30:29.960 --> 30:34.180 +lived in Tibet when the Chinese were + +30:34.180 --> 30:37.720 +there. How is life like for you under the + +30:37.720 --> 30:38.040 +Chinese? + +31:04.440 --> 31:07.840 +So I do not have much knowledge. That's + +31:07.840 --> 31:11.080 +between in the offices, that happens, and + +31:11.080 --> 31:15.820 +my job was just doing my work. And your + +31:15.820 --> 31:17.820 +work was what? What was your work? + +31:41.640 --> 31:46.460 +So our responsibility was harvesting the + +31:46.460 --> 31:51.520 +parni and then de-husking them in a large + +31:51.520 --> 31:55.300 +open ground during the commune, but I have + +31:55.300 --> 31:58.280 +forgotten much of it. What about in Lhasa? + +31:58.440 --> 32:05.440 +What was your work in Lhasa? So, it's + +32:05.440 --> 32:26.740 +like + +32:26.740 --> 32:28.160 +what I told you earlier, here, + +32:28.220 --> 32:31.040 +constructing houses, digging the ground, + +32:31.260 --> 32:33.740 +laying the bricks, and building as it + +32:33.740 --> 32:37.140 +happens here. You did that? Amla adina la + +32:37.140 --> 32:39.300 +lera chey na, kama basura dwe adina la? + +32:39.680 --> 32:43.340 +Nga lera ka zote me na, nade. Lera ka zote + +32:43.340 --> 32:47.120 +me. No, I couldn't go to work because I + +32:47.120 --> 32:53.000 +was sick. Right. Okay. Did you have any + +32:53.000 --> 32:55.920 +interactions with Chinese people? + +33:05.920 --> 33:06.640 +No. + +33:09.480 --> 33:12.660 +So did life change for you when the + +33:12.660 --> 33:14.920 +Chinese came to Tibet? + +33:20.520 --> 33:21.920 +Yes, + +33:43.780 --> 33:49.000 +in In 1961-62, by then the Chinese had + +33:49.000 --> 33:51.900 +already launched the liberation. And at + +33:51.900 --> 33:54.160 +that time, when my husband and I escaped, + +33:55.200 --> 33:59.580 +there wasn't many people escaping then, + +33:59.800 --> 34:02.520 +but later on, more and more people started + +34:02.520 --> 34:09.160 +coming. And what happened then? We were in + +34:09.160 --> 34:12.860 +the same house. You mean the same house? + +34:12.920 --> 34:13.140 +No. + +34:37.360 --> 34:40.120 +Once we were at the reception center here + +34:40.120 --> 34:42.920 +and then we were sent to see His Holiness + +34:42.920 --> 34:45.360 +the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala and then the + +34:45.360 --> 34:47.640 +children were put in school and then my + +34:47.640 --> 34:50.700 +husband and I we were sent to a factory in + +34:50.700 --> 34:53.740 +Dalahousey in Himachal Pradesh and then + +34:53.740 --> 34:56.460 +there was no problem at all. Was your + +34:56.460 --> 34:58.980 +husband affected at all by the Chinese + +34:58.980 --> 34:59.500 +occupation? + +35:12.920 --> 35:14.880 +Is theidoe different from your social + +35:14.880 --> 35:18.620 +ladder in the community? The entrance was + +35:18.620 --> 35:23.680 +different the opportunity was the idea of + +35:23.680 --> 35:25.000 +the Orion I entered old earth with all my + +35:25.000 --> 35:30.960 +knowledge and now I'm + +35:30.960 --> 35:39.560 +together + +35:39.560 --> 35:44.100 +with the children worker in Pasta and he + +35:44.100 --> 35:48.820 +was you know laying the iron rods for the + +35:48.820 --> 35:51.480 +construction and then after coming into + +35:51.480 --> 35:55.320 +India and he worked as a embosser of + +35:55.320 --> 36:00.000 +handmade carpets. Right at the beginning + +36:00.000 --> 36:03.260 +you mentioned that most of your children + +36:03.260 --> 36:06.460 +except for your last child were born at + +36:06.460 --> 36:09.160 +home but one child was born in the + +36:09.160 --> 36:12.300 +hospital. Why was that child born in the + +36:12.300 --> 36:14.420 +hospital? What caused you to take that you + +36:14.420 --> 36:15.840 +know go to the hospital for that? + +36:40.280 --> 36:43.740 +So, I was having labor pains, but could + +36:43.740 --> 36:46.340 +not give birth, so that's why I went to + +36:46.340 --> 36:50.980 +the hospital. And your baby was safe. Yes, + +36:51.640 --> 36:55.680 +I know it. I know it. Thank You, she塊se. + +36:55.840 --> 36:59.480 +When I was a little child. 종 came and gave + +36:59.480 --> 37:07.300 +us ricepoins. They used to dull + +37:07.300 --> 37:09.900 +away ricepoins. + +37:14.520 --> 37:16.040 +Very hard. + +37:19.040 --> 37:24.780 +I was very sad. I was very sad. I was very + +37:24.780 --> 37:31.260 +sad. I was very sad. I was very sad. I was + +37:31.260 --> 37:32.220 +very sad. + +37:35.480 --> 37:38.400 +Yes, the last child was born in hospital + +37:38.400 --> 37:42.100 +after five or six days. Actually, the + +37:42.100 --> 37:44.940 +labor pains had started and the child + +37:44.940 --> 37:48.280 +wasn't born. So the nurse told me that I + +37:48.280 --> 37:50.160 +would have to stay in hospital for a few + +37:50.160 --> 37:52.720 +days because it was a big child. But I + +37:52.720 --> 37:54.740 +didn't want to stay and wanted to go back + +37:54.740 --> 37:58.960 +home. And my husband said that, you know, + +37:59.000 --> 38:01.460 +wouldn't take me home, saying that, you + +38:01.460 --> 38:04.040 +know, if we went back home, the child and + +38:04.040 --> 38:08.800 +I would die. Is there anything else that + +38:08.800 --> 38:10.620 +you would like to share with us about your + +38:10.620 --> 38:13.840 +life in Tibet? We are very happy to have + +38:13.840 --> 38:17.180 +you here. We are very happy to have you + +38:17.180 --> 38:22.360 +here. That's about it. That's about it. + +38:22.520 --> 38:27.580 +Thank you. If this interview were shown in + +38:27.580 --> 38:30.300 +Tibet or China, would it be a problem for + +38:30.300 --> 38:30.540 +you? + +38:47.540 --> 38:50.460 +I don't know whether there will be any + +38:50.460 --> 38:53.500 +problems or no problems. Is it okay if we + +38:53.500 --> 38:54.520 +use your real name? + +39:08.960 --> 39:11.600 +Yeah, but then if the Chinese come and + +39:11.600 --> 39:15.040 +investigate, they may take me away. 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cae el cielo Y por el cielo digo con + +01:00.140 --> 01:04.300 +nostalgia, viva Chile, mierda. + +01:09.100 --> 01:13.600 +Cuando el bus ilumina su escafandra y las + +01:13.600 --> 01:15.680 +ballenas se acercan a mamar en el vientre + +01:15.680 --> 01:18.200 +a las lanchas. Cuando cae al fondo el + +01:18.200 --> 01:21.120 +océano los amenta la patria y como vaca + +01:21.120 --> 01:23.040 +muerta la arrastra la ola milenaria. + +01:23.040 --> 01:26.360 +Cuando explota el carbón y se enciende la + +01:26.360 --> 01:29.720 +Antártida, digo pensadío, ¡viva Chile, + +01:29.880 --> 01:30.520 +mierda! + +01:35.180 --> 01:38.080 +Cuando se viene el invierno flotando en el + +01:38.080 --> 01:42.860 +Mapocho, como un muerto atado con + +01:42.860 --> 01:45.900 +alambres, con flores y con tarros, y lo + +01:45.900 --> 01:48.140 +laman los perros y se aleja embalsamado de + +01:48.140 --> 01:51.040 +gatos, cuando se lleva un niño y otro niño + +01:51.040 --> 01:53.220 +dormidos en la escarcha y se va + +01:53.220 --> 01:55.780 +revolviendo sus grises ataúdes de saco + +01:55.780 --> 01:59.040 +digo en purecido ¡Viva Chile, mierda! + +02:04.640 --> 02:07.360 +Cuando una noche de luna crece una + +02:07.360 --> 02:11.100 +población callampa Cuando se cae una + +02:11.100 --> 02:13.880 +escuela y se apaga una fábrica Cuando + +02:13.880 --> 02:16.800 +fallece un puerto en el norte y con arena + +02:16.800 --> 02:19.880 +lo tapan Cuando Santiago se apesta y se + +02:19.880 --> 02:23.360 +oxidan sus blancas plazas Cuando se jubila + +02:23.360 --> 02:26.420 +el vino y las viudas empeñan sus casas + +02:26.420 --> 02:31.520 +Digo cabizbaja, viva Chile, mierda + +02:34.440 --> 02:39.840 +Me pregunto de repente y asombrada ¿Por + +02:39.840 --> 02:42.180 +qué diré viva Chile, mierda? Y no mi + +02:42.180 --> 02:45.340 +hermosa patria Quizás en mi ignorancia + +02:45.340 --> 02:49.500 +repito el eco de otro eco ¡Viva! dice el + +02:49.500 --> 02:51.760 +roto con la pepa de oro entre los dedos + +02:51.760 --> 02:54.540 +¡Chile! dice el viento al verde cielo de + +02:54.540 --> 02:56.960 +los ebrios valles ¡Mierda! responde el + +02:56.960 --> 02:58.900 +sapo a la vieja bruja de Talagante + +03:04.000 --> 03:06.300 +¿Qué problema tan profundo se esconde en + +03:06.300 --> 03:09.560 +las líneas de mi mano? ¿Es mi país una + +03:09.560 --> 03:11.460 +ilusión que me sigue como la sombra al + +03:11.460 --> 03:14.340 +perro? No hay viva entre nosotros sin su + +03:14.340 --> 03:17.300 +mierda, compañeros La una para el esclavo, + +03:17.400 --> 03:20.560 +la otra para el encomendero La una para el + +03:20.560 --> 03:23.420 +que explota salitre, cobre, carbón, canado + +03:23.420 --> 03:25.580 +La otra para el que vive su muerte + +03:25.580 --> 03:27.000 +subterránea de minero + +03:31.120 --> 03:34.240 +¿Y cómo penamos si vivimos en pequeña faja + +03:34.240 --> 03:38.680 +en abismo? Frente al pasivo, alguien gritó + +03:38.680 --> 03:42.140 +la maldición primero fue un soldado herido + +03:42.140 --> 03:44.500 +en la batalla de Rancagua, fue un marino + +03:44.500 --> 03:48.780 +en Angamos, un cabo en Cancha Rayada, fue + +03:48.780 --> 03:51.320 +un belguista en La Corruña, o un puño + +03:51.320 --> 03:54.940 +cerrado en San Gregorio, o un pascuense + +03:54.940 --> 03:57.240 +desangrándose en la noche de sus playas. + +04:02.140 --> 04:05.480 +No cantó el payador su soledad a lo + +04:05.480 --> 04:09.600 +divino, y a lo humano se ahorcó con + +04:09.600 --> 04:13.240 +cuentas de guitarra, no siguió el + +04:13.240 --> 04:17.080 +Santísimo a caballo y a cuchillas mantuvo + +04:17.080 --> 04:21.560 +el diablo a raya. ¡Ah, qué empresa tan + +04:21.560 --> 04:26.460 +gigante para destino tan inovado! Entre + +04:26.460 --> 04:30.580 +nieve y mar, con toda el alma, nos vamos + +04:30.580 --> 04:31.900 +contra un rumbo. + +04:37.720 --> 04:40.440 +Por consecuencia en la mañana, cuando Dios + +04:40.440 --> 04:43.820 +nos desconoce Cuando alzado a medianoche + +04:43.820 --> 04:46.720 +sacude un terremoto Cuando el mar saquea + +04:46.720 --> 04:49.060 +nuestras casas y se esconde entre los + +04:49.060 --> 04:51.400 +bosques Cuando Chile ya no puede estar + +04:51.400 --> 04:54.040 +seguro de sus mapas Y cantamos como un + +04:54.040 --> 04:56.420 +gallo que ha de picar el sol en pedazos + +04:56.420 --> 05:00.040 +Digo con firmeza, viva Chile, mierda + +05:04.400 --> 05:10.500 +País pájaro, raíz vegetal, rincón donde el + +05:10.500 --> 05:14.460 +mundo se cierra. Quien lo grite no tendrá + +05:14.460 --> 05:18.900 +paz, caerá para seguir adelante. Y porque + +05:18.900 --> 05:23.020 +de isla en isla, del mar a la cordillera, + +05:23.080 --> 05:26.240 +de una soledad a otra, como de una + +05:26.240 --> 05:29.700 +estrella a otra estrella, nos irá huyendo + +05:29.700 --> 05:32.840 +en los oídos la sentencia de la tierra, + +05:33.340 --> 05:37.640 +digo finalmente, ¡Viva Chile, mierda! + +05:55.180 --> 05:58.040 +Por seguir lo de mi nación + diff --git a/docs/baseline/gn213vd3845_ev_1_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/baseline/gn213vd3845_ev_1_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..352422c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/gn213vd3845_ev_1_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,224 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:19.780 --> 00:20.860 +Kansai International Airport Kansai + +00:20.860 --> 00:21.780 +International Airport Kansai International + +00:21.780 --> 00:23.060 +Airport Kansai International Airport + +00:23.580 --> 00:27.180 +Kansai International Airport Kansai + +00:27.180 --> 00:28.200 +International Airport + +00:33.100 --> 00:36.280 +Cuando al alba sale el guaso a destapar + +00:36.280 --> 00:41.020 +estrellas, y mojado de rocío enciende el + +00:41.020 --> 00:45.060 +fuego en sus espuelas. Cuando el caballo + +00:45.060 --> 00:48.840 +colorado salta la barra del mar, y se + +00:48.840 --> 00:51.460 +estremece el lago con una lenta bruma de + +00:51.460 --> 00:56.300 +patos. Cuando cae el recio alerce y en sus + +00:56.300 --> 01:00.600 +ramas cae el cielo, Digo con nostalgia + +01:02.080 --> 01:04.280 +Viva Chile, mierda + +01:08.920 --> 01:13.600 +Cuando el bus ilumina su escafandra Y las + +01:13.600 --> 01:15.740 +ballenas acercan a mamar en el vientre a + +01:15.740 --> 01:18.620 +las lanchas Cuando cae al fondo el océano + +01:18.620 --> 01:21.560 +los amenta en la patria Y como vaca muerta + +01:21.560 --> 01:24.260 +la arrastra la ola milenaria Cuando + +01:24.260 --> 01:26.360 +explota el carbón y se enciende la + +01:26.360 --> 01:29.720 +Antártida Digo pensativo, viva Chile, + +01:29.880 --> 01:30.500 +mierda! + +01:57.600 --> 01:59.060 +Viva Chile, mierda! + +02:27.380 --> 02:31.520 +Digo cabizbaja, viva Chile, mierda. + +02:35.100 --> 02:39.820 +Me pregunto de repente y asombrada, ¿Por + +02:39.820 --> 02:42.180 +qué diré viva Chile, mierda, y no mi + +02:42.180 --> 02:45.320 +hermosa patria? Quizás en mi ignorancia + +02:45.320 --> 02:49.480 +repito el eco de otro eco. Viva, dice el + +02:49.480 --> 02:51.740 +roto con la pepa de oro entre los dedos. + +02:51.980 --> 02:54.540 +Chile, dice el viento al verde cielo de + +02:54.540 --> 02:57.360 +los ebrios valles. Mierda responde el sapo + +02:57.360 --> 02:58.980 +a la vieja bruja de Talagante. + +03:03.740 --> 03:06.300 +¿Qué problema tan profundo se esconde en + +03:06.300 --> 03:09.560 +las líneas de mi mano? ¿Es mi país una + +03:09.560 --> 03:11.460 +ilusión que me sigue como la sombra al + +03:11.460 --> 03:14.320 +perro? ¿No hay viva entre nosotros sin su + +03:14.320 --> 03:16.860 +mierda, compañeros? La una para el + +03:16.860 --> 03:20.040 +esclavo, la otra para el encomendero. La + +03:20.040 --> 03:22.220 +una para el que explotas al litre, cobre, + +03:22.280 --> 03:25.120 +carbón, canado. la otra para el que vive + +03:25.120 --> 03:26.920 +su muerte subterránea de minero. + +03:31.140 --> 03:34.240 +¿Y cómo penamos si vivimos en pequeña faja + +03:34.240 --> 03:38.320 +en el abismo? Frente al pasivo, alguien + +03:38.320 --> 03:41.280 +gritó la maldición primero. Fue un soldado + +03:41.280 --> 03:44.120 +herido en la batalla de Rancagua, fue un + +03:44.120 --> 03:47.120 +marino en Angamos, un cabo en Cancha + +03:47.120 --> 03:50.940 +Rayada, fue un belguista en La Corruña, un + +03:50.940 --> 03:54.480 +puño cerrado en San Gregorio, o un + +03:54.480 --> 03:56.860 +pascuense desangrándose en la noche de sus + +03:56.860 --> 03:57.240 +playas? + +04:02.040 --> 04:05.460 +No cantó el payador su soledad a lo + +04:05.460 --> 04:09.600 +divino, y a lo humano se ahorcó con + +04:09.600 --> 04:13.240 +cuentas de guitarra. No siguió el + +04:13.240 --> 04:17.080 +santísimo a caballo, y a cuchillas mantuvo + +04:17.080 --> 04:21.560 +el diablo a raya. ¡Ah, qué empresa tan + +04:21.560 --> 04:26.460 +gigante para destino para la nubada. Entre + +04:26.460 --> 04:30.600 +nieve y mar, con toda el alma, nos vamos + +04:30.600 --> 04:39.080 +contra un rumbo. Por consecuencia, + +04:39.080 --> 04:41.200 +en la mañana, cuando Dios nos desconoce, + +04:42.340 --> 04:44.680 +cuando alzado a medianoche sacude un + +04:44.680 --> 04:46.880 +terremoto, cuando el mar saquea nuestras + +04:46.880 --> 04:49.520 +casas y se esconde entre los bosques, + +04:49.520 --> 04:51.960 +Cuando Chile ya no puede estar seguro de + +04:51.960 --> 04:55.100 +sus mapas Y cantamos como un gallo Que ha + +04:55.100 --> 04:57.480 +de picar el sol en pedazos Digo con + +04:57.480 --> 05:00.040 +firmeza ¡Viva Chile, mierda! + +05:04.380 --> 05:10.500 +País pájaro Raíz vegetal Rincón donde el + +05:10.500 --> 05:14.440 +mundo se cierra Quien lo grite no tendrá + +05:14.440 --> 05:19.160 +paz Caerá para seguir adelante Y porque de + +05:19.160 --> 05:23.800 +isla en isla, del mar a la cordillera, de + +05:23.800 --> 05:27.120 +una soledad a otra, como de una estrella a + +05:27.120 --> 05:30.000 +otra estrella, nos irá huyando en los + +05:30.000 --> 05:33.840 +oídos la sentencia de la tierra, digo + +05:33.840 --> 05:37.680 +finalmente, ¡Viva Chile, mi arda! + +06:03.660 --> 06:05.540 +¡Gracias por ver el video! + diff --git a/docs/baseline/gn213vd3845_ev_2_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/gn213vd3845_ev_2_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..65f4fb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/gn213vd3845_ev_2_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,908 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:10.180 --> 00:15.500 +¿Qué es la + +00:15.500 --> 00:19.320 +familia de mi papá? Bueno, en Chile, la + +00:19.320 --> 00:22.280 +familia de mi papá no tenía dinero, pero + +00:22.280 --> 00:25.340 +no eran pobres, pobres. Eran clase media, + +00:25.400 --> 00:29.680 +baja. Mi abuelo vendía, yo no sé qué + +00:29.680 --> 00:32.000 +vendía, pero viajaba y era vendedor de + +00:32.000 --> 00:35.120 +algo. Y mi papá fue a la universidad, + +00:35.260 --> 00:39.800 +empezó a ir a la universidad. Y luego se + +00:39.800 --> 00:41.940 +vino en un barco con unos amigos, se vino + +00:41.940 --> 00:46.060 +a los Estados Unidos en un barco. Llegaron + +00:46.060 --> 00:49.100 +aquí y como todo latinoamericano que + +00:49.100 --> 00:51.700 +viene, sin un centavo, tuvo que trabajar + +00:51.700 --> 00:57.260 +lavando platos. Entonces eso fue en Ohio y + +00:57.260 --> 01:01.960 +ahí fue que empezó y fue a la universidad, + +01:01.980 --> 01:03.920 +empezó a ir a la universidad y luego vino + +01:03.920 --> 01:08.760 +a Berkeley. Alegría llegó a Berkeley + +01:08.760 --> 01:12.540 +durante los años 1940. Era solo más de 20 + +01:12.540 --> 01:16.320 +años. Vio a perseguir su doctorado en + +01:16.320 --> 01:19.340 +literatura española. literatura. Él + +01:19.340 --> 01:21.800 +participaría activamente en las académicas + +01:21.800 --> 01:23.380 +durante la mayor parte de su vida. + +01:47.000 --> 01:50.180 +Los cuatro hermanos somos yo, sigue un + +01:50.180 --> 01:53.720 +hermano Santiago, Andrés, otro hermano, y + +01:53.720 --> 01:56.220 +Isabel, mi otra hermana, y todos nacimos + +01:56.220 --> 02:00.240 +aquí. Pero desde chicos, en la casa, + +02:00.320 --> 02:04.080 +siempre fue como una pequeña isla, porque + +02:04.080 --> 02:07.960 +ahí llegaban pintores y escritores y + +02:07.960 --> 02:10.340 +amigos académicos, pero siempre era una + +02:10.340 --> 02:13.800 +isla así latinoamericana, siempre fue. Y + +02:13.800 --> 02:17.820 +afuera estaba el barrio de aquí con todos + +02:17.820 --> 02:20.160 +los gringuitos y nosotros salíamos y + +02:20.160 --> 02:23.340 +jugamos y todo, pero en la casa ahí era + +02:23.340 --> 02:27.340 +otra cosa, era una vida en América Latina. + +02:28.440 --> 02:31.240 +Fernando pertenece a una generación de + +02:31.240 --> 02:34.260 +latinoamericanistas que comenzó a trabajar + +02:34.260 --> 02:36.640 +en las universidades norteamericanas en la + +02:36.640 --> 02:40.320 +década del 50. Creo que a esta generación + +02:40.320 --> 02:43.520 +te debemos darle crédito por ser la + +02:43.520 --> 02:47.680 +primera que incluye literatura + +02:47.680 --> 02:50.360 +latinoamericana en los programas oficiales + +02:50.360 --> 02:52.560 +de las universidades. Hasta ese momento, + +02:52.680 --> 02:55.300 +el fuerte en los ofrecimientos de curso + +02:55.300 --> 03:00.240 +era la literatura española. A partir del + +03:00.240 --> 03:01.580 +trabajo que hacen estos + +03:01.580 --> 03:04.780 +latinoamericanistas, la literatura del + +03:04.780 --> 03:07.220 +continente nuestro de América Latina + +03:07.220 --> 03:10.800 +comienza a ser difundida, comienza a ser + +03:10.800 --> 03:14.600 +mejor valorada y comienza a tener una + +03:14.600 --> 03:18.080 +atención crítica cada vez mayor. Y bueno, + +03:18.240 --> 03:22.500 +eso también explica en parte la buena + +03:22.500 --> 03:25.560 +recepción que tiene en la década del 60, + +03:25.920 --> 03:27.760 +cuando aparece el llamado boom. + +03:46.560 --> 03:47.800 +la breve historia de la novela + +03:47.800 --> 03:50.160 +hispanoamericana, Walt Whitman en + +03:50.160 --> 03:52.620 +Hispanoamérica. Todos estos trabajos + +03:52.620 --> 03:54.620 +fueron parte de la bibliografía básica en + +03:54.620 --> 03:56.720 +el campo en ese tiempo y nos sirvieron + +03:56.720 --> 03:58.760 +bien en nuestro propio trabajo graduado. + +03:59.140 --> 04:01.780 +Fernando hizo un gran cambio en los años + +04:01.780 --> 04:05.240 +1950 y 60 para abrir el campo de la + +04:05.240 --> 04:07.020 +literatura latinoamericana y hacerla + +04:07.020 --> 04:08.200 +accesible a los estudiantes + +04:08.200 --> 04:12.340 +norteamericanos. estudiantes. Allen + +04:12.340 --> 04:15.920 +Ginsberg era un estudiante ocasional en la + +04:15.920 --> 04:18.660 +Universidad de Berkeley. Fernando lo + +04:18.660 --> 04:23.940 +conocía y se apresuró a traducir el poema + +04:23.940 --> 04:29.260 +Howl, Aullido. Le pareció que partía una + +04:29.260 --> 04:34.480 +aero en dos y consecuente con su visión de + +04:34.480 --> 04:38.200 +vida de desafiar los límites se apresuró + +04:38.200 --> 04:42.420 +Fernando a traducir el poema. Tanto se + +04:42.420 --> 04:44.680 +apresuró que Fernando no conocía la + +04:44.680 --> 04:47.980 +palabra de slang hip ni por supuesto + +04:47.980 --> 04:52.640 +hippie y lo tradujo como cadera y + +04:52.640 --> 04:56.240 +caderones. Con los años Fernando se iba a + +04:56.240 --> 04:58.360 +reír mucho de que era era la peor + +04:58.360 --> 05:00.660 +traducción que se ha hecho del poema de + +05:00.660 --> 05:03.460 +Ginsberg y que la única disculpa era la + +05:03.460 --> 05:05.400 +rapidez con que quiso ponerlo a + +05:05.400 --> 05:09.240 +disposición del público. Esta canción la + +05:09.240 --> 05:11.460 +escribió mi papá. Escribió un poema que se + +05:11.460 --> 05:13.000 +llama El Esquinazo del Guerriguero. + +05:15.160 --> 05:17.920 +Entonces Joan Baez escribió la música, me + +05:17.920 --> 05:21.020 +parece. Y ella se la va a cantar ojalá + +05:21.020 --> 05:23.220 +algún día porque yo no puedo cantar bien, + +05:23.340 --> 05:28.400 +pero a ver si me acuerdo. La 5 ya van a + +05:28.400 --> 05:36.140 +dar, las 5 de la mañana, ábreme tu puerta + +05:36.140 --> 05:40.420 +mi alma, que he perdido una batalla. Esta + +05:40.420 --> 05:44.040 +canción la puso en un disco, en una + +05:44.040 --> 05:46.780 +producción que hizo latinoamericana Joan + +05:46.780 --> 05:49.480 +Baez. precisamente yo la había regañado a + +05:49.480 --> 05:52.960 +ella que estaba cantando puro cucú paloma + +05:52.960 --> 05:56.060 +y cosas tradicionales y no decía nada + +05:56.060 --> 05:58.540 +acerca de la realidad, por qué luchaba + +05:58.540 --> 06:01.520 +América Latina y ella se encabronó conmigo + +06:01.520 --> 06:03.220 +y yo me encabroné con ella y bueno, + +06:03.340 --> 06:05.820 +finalmente ella se hizo amiga de Fernando + +06:05.820 --> 06:08.460 +y le prometió las perlas de la virgen, le + +06:08.460 --> 06:10.280 +grabó la canción y creo que nunca le pagó + +06:10.280 --> 06:14.140 +regalías El Esquinazo del Guerrillero, que + +06:14.140 --> 06:17.300 +habla de la relación de amor de un + +06:17.300 --> 06:21.060 +guerrillero con una muchacha y habla de la + +06:21.060 --> 06:26.280 +lucha armada, que es una realidad de todos + +06:26.280 --> 06:29.420 +los países pobres. Yo creo que para mi + +06:29.420 --> 06:31.560 +padre era como un orgullo sentirse de + +06:31.560 --> 06:36.100 +alguna manera rodeado, sentir el afecto, + +06:36.100 --> 06:38.340 +la relación de cercanía que se daba a este + +06:38.340 --> 06:41.440 +extremo mundo más intelectual y él mismo + +06:41.440 --> 06:43.860 +como político. Y dentro de esa atmósfera, + +06:43.860 --> 06:46.140 +obviamente, hay un espacio Fernanda + +06:46.140 --> 06:50.020 +Aurelia. Yo creo que es un recuerdo que + +06:50.020 --> 06:54.000 +dejó, desde luego, esa relación estrecha, + +06:54.000 --> 06:56.840 +cálida, con mis padres, con la familia, y + +06:56.840 --> 06:58.700 +el recuerdo de Fernanda en ese sentido, + +06:59.640 --> 07:03.600 +aquí en Guardia Vieja, existe, existió, y + +07:03.600 --> 07:05.720 +creo que es importante destacar, digamos, + +07:05.740 --> 07:07.940 +que él no solo se sintió cercano entonces + +07:07.940 --> 07:09.680 +a la hora de ir de político, sino que + +07:09.680 --> 07:11.980 +contribuyó activamente a la campaña, + +07:12.060 --> 07:14.960 +estuvo presente, fue generoso en su + +07:14.960 --> 07:17.360 +aporte. No hay que olvidar entonces lo que + +07:17.360 --> 07:20.600 +significó el haber entregado los derechos + +07:20.600 --> 07:22.900 +y lo que significó el poema, digamos, Viva + +07:22.900 --> 07:25.140 +Chile Mierda, que sirvió evidentemente en + +07:25.140 --> 07:27.080 +la campaña del 64. Esto fue muy + +07:27.080 --> 07:30.420 +importante. En su poema Viva Chile Mierda, + +07:30.560 --> 07:34.060 +Fernando Alegría muestra nuevamente esa + +07:34.060 --> 07:37.880 +concepción de la historia en que lo que + +07:37.880 --> 07:41.880 +importa son los sueños colectivos y es + +07:41.880 --> 07:45.800 +esta humanidad de los perdedores que está + +07:45.800 --> 07:50.380 +reafirmando su derecho a la vida y su + +07:50.380 --> 07:54.200 +derecho a las utopías. ¿Qué es lo que más + +07:54.200 --> 07:54.260 +te ha gustado de Fernando? + +08:21.960 --> 08:25.880 +que está fichado en 1942, que se llama + +08:25.880 --> 08:29.720 +Aquel lado de la cortina, donde aparece yo + +08:29.720 --> 08:32.440 +creo que por primera vez el problema de la + +08:32.440 --> 08:35.180 +discriminación de los chicanos en Estados + +08:35.180 --> 08:38.800 +Unidos. En ese tiempo, César Chávez y el + +08:38.800 --> 08:42.460 +movimiento campesino era muy fuerte. Como + +08:42.460 --> 08:46.120 +chicana, nacida en California, de padres + +08:46.120 --> 08:49.620 +de Nuevo México, entré a la universidad. + +08:49.620 --> 08:56.520 +cuando ya tenía yo tres hijos y 30 años + +08:56.520 --> 09:00.140 +era un poco más de edad de los estudiantes + +09:00.140 --> 09:04.980 +que usualmente entran después de luchas + +09:04.980 --> 09:08.960 +para abrir la universidad a las minorías. + +09:09.260 --> 09:12.860 +Entonces, gente como Fernando fueron los + +09:12.860 --> 09:17.480 +líderes para nosotros, maestros, gente ya + +09:17.480 --> 09:22.020 +preparados con luchas y perspectivas + +09:22.020 --> 09:25.880 +mundiales. Entonces, para nosotros era muy + +09:25.880 --> 09:29.200 +importante la unificación de los chicanos + +09:29.200 --> 09:31.640 +con los latinos y con los mexicanos. + +09:38.360 --> 09:42.620 +En 1970, la gente de Chile eleccionó a + +09:42.620 --> 09:44.440 +Salvador Allende como presidente. + +10:01.640 --> 10:07.240 +Con Fos, Salvador Allende, en 1970, fue + +10:07.240 --> 10:11.920 +designado agregado cultural a la Embajada + +10:11.920 --> 10:15.420 +de Chile en Washington. Abrió un espacio + +10:15.420 --> 10:18.740 +en Estados Unidos donde las relaciones no + +10:18.740 --> 10:20.300 +estaban exentas de tensiones, + +10:20.300 --> 10:22.700 +particularmente a raíz del tema de la + +10:22.700 --> 10:27.120 +nacionalización de las minas de cobre y el + +10:27.120 --> 10:29.040 +no pago de indemnización, digamos, por lo + +10:29.040 --> 10:30.860 +que se consideró las rentabilidades + +10:30.860 --> 10:33.520 +excesivas. y por lo tanto Fernando era + +10:33.520 --> 10:36.080 +como una pieza clave para abrir otro + +10:36.080 --> 10:38.420 +espacio, darse a conocer este país, su + +10:38.420 --> 10:41.160 +experiencia, la sensibilidad que se tenía + +10:41.160 --> 10:43.280 +en el ámbito de la cultura, de la gente + +10:43.280 --> 10:46.460 +joven, de las brigadas que participaban, y + +10:46.460 --> 10:48.900 +se lograron crear cosas muy importantes. + +10:49.300 --> 10:52.960 +La trascendencia de Allende es una + +10:52.960 --> 10:55.980 +trascendencia que va de lo + +10:55.980 --> 11:00.960 +socialdemócrata, democrático, al heroísmo + +11:00.960 --> 11:01.380 +popular. + +11:04.840 --> 11:07.980 +Allende fue entrando poco a poco en el + +11:07.980 --> 11:12.360 +sentido heroico, épico del pueblo chileno + +11:12.360 --> 11:18.100 +en sus hazañas por conquistar una libertad + +11:18.100 --> 11:22.020 +individual con toda la responsabilidad + +11:22.020 --> 11:26.080 +social que uno imagina en héroes de esta + +11:26.080 --> 11:26.900 +naturaleza + +11:35.280 --> 11:40.280 +En septiembre 11 de 1973, Fernando Alegría + +11:40.280 --> 11:42.640 +estaba planeando comer en la casa de Pablo + +11:42.640 --> 11:45.340 +Neruda, que había sido enfermo en la isla + +11:45.340 --> 11:49.200 +de Isla Negra. En su memoria, Matilde + +11:49.200 --> 11:52.580 +Urrutia, la abogada de Neruda, dice cómo + +11:52.580 --> 11:54.840 +estaba en la cocina preparando para la + +11:54.840 --> 11:57.400 +visita de Alegría cuando escuchó las + +11:57.400 --> 12:00.320 +noticias del Cú de Ta. La comida, por + +12:00.320 --> 12:01.720 +supuesto, nunca se tomó. + +12:04.820 --> 12:08.040 +Alegría se hundió de inmediato. Le dio + +12:08.040 --> 12:10.520 +protección a los priestas dominicanos de + +12:10.520 --> 12:13.540 +Recoleta, cerca del barrio donde creció. + +12:18.160 --> 12:22.920 +Cuando leí sobre el funeral de Neruda, el + +12:22.920 --> 12:29.220 +otro día en los papeles, por supuesto, el + +12:29.220 --> 12:34.180 +sentido de la gran tristeza, la tragedia + +12:34.180 --> 12:37.600 +que nos pasó en Chile cuando perdimos a + +12:37.600 --> 12:40.000 +nuestro gran líder, nuestro gran poeta + +12:40.000 --> 12:45.100 +pero al mismo tiempo, me sentí feliz que + +12:45.100 --> 12:48.140 +el funeral de Neruda se convirtiera en una + +12:48.140 --> 12:50.380 +demostración política en el General + +12:50.380 --> 12:53.040 +Cemetery de Santiago Tiago, porque sabes + +12:53.040 --> 12:55.160 +lo que pasó. De repente, las personas, + +12:55.280 --> 12:57.300 +como si estuvieran caminando al cemitério, + +12:57.300 --> 13:01.020 +y Matilde, su esposa, estaba siguiendo la + +13:01.020 --> 13:03.240 +cofina. De repente, estas personas, + +13:03.360 --> 13:06.480 +escritores, amigos personales, profesores + +13:06.480 --> 13:09.640 +de la universidad, trabajadores, tal vez + +13:09.640 --> 13:11.740 +personas que salieron del subterráneo solo + +13:11.740 --> 13:14.700 +para estar ahí con Neruda, comenzaron a + +13:14.700 --> 13:16.680 +cantar el Internacional. + +13:25.700 --> 13:28.360 +Y tienes que pensar qué significa esto, + +13:28.360 --> 13:32.080 +estas 1.000 o 2.000 personas cantando las + +13:32.080 --> 13:35.680 +palabras de La Internacional en Santiago, + +13:36.040 --> 13:37.820 +en un momento en el que hay alrededor de 7 + +13:37.820 --> 13:42.800 +.000 o 10.000 personas en prisión, algunas + +13:42.800 --> 13:45.560 +de ellas, quizás, esperando la ejecución + +13:45.560 --> 13:50.260 +sin tránsito. Esto, en un gran modo, me + +13:50.260 --> 13:53.100 +parece que muestra el espíritu, el + +13:53.100 --> 13:57.340 +espíritu de lucha, que no ha desaparecido + +13:57.340 --> 14:00.400 +en Chile. Creo que la gente de Chile está + +14:00.400 --> 14:04.360 +preparándose para algún tipo de + +14:04.360 --> 14:07.200 +acontecimiento que va a cambiar este + +14:07.200 --> 14:09.920 +horrible desastre que está sucediendo en + +14:09.920 --> 14:10.480 +nuestro país. + +14:17.780 --> 14:20.060 +Casi inmediatamente después del + +14:20.060 --> 14:22.660 +reclutamiento militar, la Junta emitió un + +14:22.660 --> 14:25.200 +decreto oficial permanente, banando a + +14:25.200 --> 14:26.440 +cuatro líderes de izquierda prominentes de + +14:26.440 --> 14:27.940 +Chile. + +14:30.940 --> 14:34.260 +Uno de ellos fue Fernando Alegría. + +14:46.640 --> 14:48.160 +Fernando entonces también para nosotros + +14:48.160 --> 14:50.140 +fue muy importante que denunciara como lo + +14:50.140 --> 14:52.280 +hizo, con la fuerza que lo hizo, con las + +14:52.280 --> 14:54.020 +consecuencias que lo hizo, las graves + +14:54.020 --> 14:55.800 +violaciones de derechos humanos ocurridas + +14:55.800 --> 14:58.060 +en Chile. Sobre todo en lo que había sido + +14:58.060 --> 15:00.780 +asesinatos, ejecuciones, desapariciones, + +15:00.780 --> 15:03.900 +en fin. Y yo creo que una voz como la de + +15:03.900 --> 15:06.440 +él, tan escuchada, por supuesto nos ayudó + +15:06.440 --> 15:08.040 +a nosotros en lo que tratábamos de hacer, + +15:08.120 --> 15:10.960 +que era la sensibilización del mundo sobre + +15:10.960 --> 15:12.880 +lo que estaba ocurriendo en Chile, las + +15:12.880 --> 15:14.480 +graves violaciones a los derechos humanos, + +15:14.720 --> 15:16.580 +por sobre todo que esto era una política + +15:16.580 --> 15:19.400 +de Estado, hecha con fondos del Estado, + +15:19.560 --> 15:22.040 +con agentes del Estado y por supuesto con + +15:22.040 --> 15:23.440 +la responsabilidad directa de Augusto + +15:23.440 --> 15:25.760 +Pinochet, que era quien encabezaba la + +15:25.760 --> 15:27.480 +dictadura y de ahí para abajo + +15:27.480 --> 15:29.100 +jerarquizados los servicios de + +15:29.100 --> 15:31.520 +inteligencia que ejecutaban estas + +15:31.520 --> 15:38.100 +políticas. Creo que vamos a ver algunas + +15:38.100 --> 15:39.560 +cosas muy importantes Hay muchas cosas + +15:39.560 --> 15:44.940 +importantes que no sé respecto a lo que ha + +15:44.940 --> 15:50.200 +pasado en Chile. Creo que el fondo del + +15:50.200 --> 15:52.540 +movimiento de liberación chileno no está + +15:52.540 --> 15:55.980 +rompido por cualquier forma. Creo que la + +15:55.980 --> 15:58.020 +fiesta de la resistencia se va a crecer. + +15:58.980 --> 16:04.940 +Creo que vamos a ver una segunda, una + +16:04.940 --> 16:08.380 +tercera liberación de la gente chilena. I + +16:08.380 --> 16:14.100 +believe that Allende and Neruda did not + +16:14.100 --> 16:18.360 +die in vain. I think they each in his own + +16:18.360 --> 16:23.200 +manner died for what they believed, died + +16:23.200 --> 16:25.720 +in the case of Neruda believing that + +16:25.720 --> 16:29.660 +poetry is action, poetry is life, and in + +16:29.660 --> 16:31.840 +the case of Allende that the cause of + +16:31.840 --> 16:34.620 +justice, de la social revolución en Chile + +16:34.620 --> 16:40.000 +fue lo que quería hacer y no podía ver, no + +16:40.000 --> 16:43.080 +podía sobrevivir al terrible golpe que la + +16:43.080 --> 16:44.460 +gente chilena estaba tomando en ese + +16:44.460 --> 16:48.620 +momento. Poco después de que volviera de + +16:48.620 --> 16:51.100 +Chile, Alegría publicó un artículo + +16:51.100 --> 16:53.080 +denunciando el coup en un revista + +16:53.080 --> 16:57.020 +mexicana. Viajó regularmente a México para + +16:57.020 --> 16:59.220 +visitar a los exiles políticos chilenos + +16:59.220 --> 17:01.140 +que que habían encontrado refugio allí, + +17:01.380 --> 17:04.620 +entre ellos Hortensia Busi, la abogada de + +17:04.620 --> 17:05.660 +Salvador Allende. + +17:09.580 --> 17:12.680 +Él entendió que su tarea era también + +17:12.680 --> 17:15.660 +luchar por el retorno de la democracia y + +17:15.660 --> 17:18.840 +de la libertad en nuestro país. Y lo hizo + +17:18.840 --> 17:23.160 +con la riqueza, con la cultura, con la + +17:23.160 --> 17:26.060 +pasión que él ponía en las causas nobles + +17:26.060 --> 17:28.760 +que eran las suyas. Y luego, después del + +17:28.760 --> 17:31.060 +violento despliegue del gobierno Allende, + +17:31.540 --> 17:35.180 +Fernando fue muy apoyado de las fuerzas + +17:35.180 --> 17:37.740 +democráticas en Chile, de los que fueron + +17:37.740 --> 17:40.560 +perseguidos y imprisionados, así como de + +17:40.560 --> 17:43.360 +los que fueron forzados a exilarse y a ser + +17:43.360 --> 17:45.860 +dirigidos desde Chile. Fundaron la revista + +17:45.860 --> 17:48.100 +Literatura Chilena en el Exilio, que luego + +17:48.100 --> 17:51.140 +se llamó Literatura Chilena, Creación y + +17:51.140 --> 17:53.380 +Crítica. Muchos intelectuales + +17:53.380 --> 17:55.960 +latinoamericanos y muchos escritores, + +17:55.960 --> 17:57.580 +entre ellos Gabriel García Márquez, + +17:58.480 --> 18:01.280 +colaboraron en forma bastante efectiva y + +18:01.280 --> 18:03.260 +bastante constante con el proyecto. + +18:22.780 --> 18:28.060 +Vengo a llamar la atención con voz de + +18:28.060 --> 18:33.440 +cantor serrano al hombre que va sin manos + +18:33.440 --> 18:36.720 +por seguir lo de mi nación. + +18:41.780 --> 18:47.840 +No ignoren su turbación, que las flores se + +18:47.840 --> 18:54.740 +apagaron y los ríos se secaron, privados + +18:54.740 --> 19:01.540 +de primaveras. Por las movidas areteras de + +19:01.540 --> 19:04.460 +tigres que lo mataron + diff --git a/docs/baseline/gn213vd3845_ev_2_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/baseline/gn213vd3845_ev_2_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..65f4fb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/gn213vd3845_ev_2_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,908 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:10.180 --> 00:15.500 +¿Qué es la + +00:15.500 --> 00:19.320 +familia de mi papá? Bueno, en Chile, la + +00:19.320 --> 00:22.280 +familia de mi papá no tenía dinero, pero + +00:22.280 --> 00:25.340 +no eran pobres, pobres. Eran clase media, + +00:25.400 --> 00:29.680 +baja. Mi abuelo vendía, yo no sé qué + +00:29.680 --> 00:32.000 +vendía, pero viajaba y era vendedor de + +00:32.000 --> 00:35.120 +algo. Y mi papá fue a la universidad, + +00:35.260 --> 00:39.800 +empezó a ir a la universidad. Y luego se + +00:39.800 --> 00:41.940 +vino en un barco con unos amigos, se vino + +00:41.940 --> 00:46.060 +a los Estados Unidos en un barco. Llegaron + +00:46.060 --> 00:49.100 +aquí y como todo latinoamericano que + +00:49.100 --> 00:51.700 +viene, sin un centavo, tuvo que trabajar + +00:51.700 --> 00:57.260 +lavando platos. Entonces eso fue en Ohio y + +00:57.260 --> 01:01.960 +ahí fue que empezó y fue a la universidad, + +01:01.980 --> 01:03.920 +empezó a ir a la universidad y luego vino + +01:03.920 --> 01:08.760 +a Berkeley. Alegría llegó a Berkeley + +01:08.760 --> 01:12.540 +durante los años 1940. Era solo más de 20 + +01:12.540 --> 01:16.320 +años. Vio a perseguir su doctorado en + +01:16.320 --> 01:19.340 +literatura española. literatura. Él + +01:19.340 --> 01:21.800 +participaría activamente en las académicas + +01:21.800 --> 01:23.380 +durante la mayor parte de su vida. + +01:47.000 --> 01:50.180 +Los cuatro hermanos somos yo, sigue un + +01:50.180 --> 01:53.720 +hermano Santiago, Andrés, otro hermano, y + +01:53.720 --> 01:56.220 +Isabel, mi otra hermana, y todos nacimos + +01:56.220 --> 02:00.240 +aquí. Pero desde chicos, en la casa, + +02:00.320 --> 02:04.080 +siempre fue como una pequeña isla, porque + +02:04.080 --> 02:07.960 +ahí llegaban pintores y escritores y + +02:07.960 --> 02:10.340 +amigos académicos, pero siempre era una + +02:10.340 --> 02:13.800 +isla así latinoamericana, siempre fue. Y + +02:13.800 --> 02:17.820 +afuera estaba el barrio de aquí con todos + +02:17.820 --> 02:20.160 +los gringuitos y nosotros salíamos y + +02:20.160 --> 02:23.340 +jugamos y todo, pero en la casa ahí era + +02:23.340 --> 02:27.340 +otra cosa, era una vida en América Latina. + +02:28.440 --> 02:31.240 +Fernando pertenece a una generación de + +02:31.240 --> 02:34.260 +latinoamericanistas que comenzó a trabajar + +02:34.260 --> 02:36.640 +en las universidades norteamericanas en la + +02:36.640 --> 02:40.320 +década del 50. Creo que a esta generación + +02:40.320 --> 02:43.520 +te debemos darle crédito por ser la + +02:43.520 --> 02:47.680 +primera que incluye literatura + +02:47.680 --> 02:50.360 +latinoamericana en los programas oficiales + +02:50.360 --> 02:52.560 +de las universidades. Hasta ese momento, + +02:52.680 --> 02:55.300 +el fuerte en los ofrecimientos de curso + +02:55.300 --> 03:00.240 +era la literatura española. A partir del + +03:00.240 --> 03:01.580 +trabajo que hacen estos + +03:01.580 --> 03:04.780 +latinoamericanistas, la literatura del + +03:04.780 --> 03:07.220 +continente nuestro de América Latina + +03:07.220 --> 03:10.800 +comienza a ser difundida, comienza a ser + +03:10.800 --> 03:14.600 +mejor valorada y comienza a tener una + +03:14.600 --> 03:18.080 +atención crítica cada vez mayor. Y bueno, + +03:18.240 --> 03:22.500 +eso también explica en parte la buena + +03:22.500 --> 03:25.560 +recepción que tiene en la década del 60, + +03:25.920 --> 03:27.760 +cuando aparece el llamado boom. + +03:46.560 --> 03:47.800 +la breve historia de la novela + +03:47.800 --> 03:50.160 +hispanoamericana, Walt Whitman en + +03:50.160 --> 03:52.620 +Hispanoamérica. Todos estos trabajos + +03:52.620 --> 03:54.620 +fueron parte de la bibliografía básica en + +03:54.620 --> 03:56.720 +el campo en ese tiempo y nos sirvieron + +03:56.720 --> 03:58.760 +bien en nuestro propio trabajo graduado. + +03:59.140 --> 04:01.780 +Fernando hizo un gran cambio en los años + +04:01.780 --> 04:05.240 +1950 y 60 para abrir el campo de la + +04:05.240 --> 04:07.020 +literatura latinoamericana y hacerla + +04:07.020 --> 04:08.200 +accesible a los estudiantes + +04:08.200 --> 04:12.340 +norteamericanos. estudiantes. Allen + +04:12.340 --> 04:15.920 +Ginsberg era un estudiante ocasional en la + +04:15.920 --> 04:18.660 +Universidad de Berkeley. Fernando lo + +04:18.660 --> 04:23.940 +conocía y se apresuró a traducir el poema + +04:23.940 --> 04:29.260 +Howl, Aullido. Le pareció que partía una + +04:29.260 --> 04:34.480 +aero en dos y consecuente con su visión de + +04:34.480 --> 04:38.200 +vida de desafiar los límites se apresuró + +04:38.200 --> 04:42.420 +Fernando a traducir el poema. Tanto se + +04:42.420 --> 04:44.680 +apresuró que Fernando no conocía la + +04:44.680 --> 04:47.980 +palabra de slang hip ni por supuesto + +04:47.980 --> 04:52.640 +hippie y lo tradujo como cadera y + +04:52.640 --> 04:56.240 +caderones. Con los años Fernando se iba a + +04:56.240 --> 04:58.360 +reír mucho de que era era la peor + +04:58.360 --> 05:00.660 +traducción que se ha hecho del poema de + +05:00.660 --> 05:03.460 +Ginsberg y que la única disculpa era la + +05:03.460 --> 05:05.400 +rapidez con que quiso ponerlo a + +05:05.400 --> 05:09.240 +disposición del público. Esta canción la + +05:09.240 --> 05:11.460 +escribió mi papá. Escribió un poema que se + +05:11.460 --> 05:13.000 +llama El Esquinazo del Guerriguero. + +05:15.160 --> 05:17.920 +Entonces Joan Baez escribió la música, me + +05:17.920 --> 05:21.020 +parece. Y ella se la va a cantar ojalá + +05:21.020 --> 05:23.220 +algún día porque yo no puedo cantar bien, + +05:23.340 --> 05:28.400 +pero a ver si me acuerdo. La 5 ya van a + +05:28.400 --> 05:36.140 +dar, las 5 de la mañana, ábreme tu puerta + +05:36.140 --> 05:40.420 +mi alma, que he perdido una batalla. Esta + +05:40.420 --> 05:44.040 +canción la puso en un disco, en una + +05:44.040 --> 05:46.780 +producción que hizo latinoamericana Joan + +05:46.780 --> 05:49.480 +Baez. precisamente yo la había regañado a + +05:49.480 --> 05:52.960 +ella que estaba cantando puro cucú paloma + +05:52.960 --> 05:56.060 +y cosas tradicionales y no decía nada + +05:56.060 --> 05:58.540 +acerca de la realidad, por qué luchaba + +05:58.540 --> 06:01.520 +América Latina y ella se encabronó conmigo + +06:01.520 --> 06:03.220 +y yo me encabroné con ella y bueno, + +06:03.340 --> 06:05.820 +finalmente ella se hizo amiga de Fernando + +06:05.820 --> 06:08.460 +y le prometió las perlas de la virgen, le + +06:08.460 --> 06:10.280 +grabó la canción y creo que nunca le pagó + +06:10.280 --> 06:14.140 +regalías El Esquinazo del Guerrillero, que + +06:14.140 --> 06:17.300 +habla de la relación de amor de un + +06:17.300 --> 06:21.060 +guerrillero con una muchacha y habla de la + +06:21.060 --> 06:26.280 +lucha armada, que es una realidad de todos + +06:26.280 --> 06:29.420 +los países pobres. Yo creo que para mi + +06:29.420 --> 06:31.560 +padre era como un orgullo sentirse de + +06:31.560 --> 06:36.100 +alguna manera rodeado, sentir el afecto, + +06:36.100 --> 06:38.340 +la relación de cercanía que se daba a este + +06:38.340 --> 06:41.440 +extremo mundo más intelectual y él mismo + +06:41.440 --> 06:43.860 +como político. Y dentro de esa atmósfera, + +06:43.860 --> 06:46.140 +obviamente, hay un espacio Fernanda + +06:46.140 --> 06:50.020 +Aurelia. Yo creo que es un recuerdo que + +06:50.020 --> 06:54.000 +dejó, desde luego, esa relación estrecha, + +06:54.000 --> 06:56.840 +cálida, con mis padres, con la familia, y + +06:56.840 --> 06:58.700 +el recuerdo de Fernanda en ese sentido, + +06:59.640 --> 07:03.600 +aquí en Guardia Vieja, existe, existió, y + +07:03.600 --> 07:05.720 +creo que es importante destacar, digamos, + +07:05.740 --> 07:07.940 +que él no solo se sintió cercano entonces + +07:07.940 --> 07:09.680 +a la hora de ir de político, sino que + +07:09.680 --> 07:11.980 +contribuyó activamente a la campaña, + +07:12.060 --> 07:14.960 +estuvo presente, fue generoso en su + +07:14.960 --> 07:17.360 +aporte. No hay que olvidar entonces lo que + +07:17.360 --> 07:20.600 +significó el haber entregado los derechos + +07:20.600 --> 07:22.900 +y lo que significó el poema, digamos, Viva + +07:22.900 --> 07:25.140 +Chile Mierda, que sirvió evidentemente en + +07:25.140 --> 07:27.080 +la campaña del 64. Esto fue muy + +07:27.080 --> 07:30.420 +importante. En su poema Viva Chile Mierda, + +07:30.560 --> 07:34.060 +Fernando Alegría muestra nuevamente esa + +07:34.060 --> 07:37.880 +concepción de la historia en que lo que + +07:37.880 --> 07:41.880 +importa son los sueños colectivos y es + +07:41.880 --> 07:45.800 +esta humanidad de los perdedores que está + +07:45.800 --> 07:50.380 +reafirmando su derecho a la vida y su + +07:50.380 --> 07:54.200 +derecho a las utopías. ¿Qué es lo que más + +07:54.200 --> 07:54.260 +te ha gustado de Fernando? + +08:21.960 --> 08:25.880 +que está fichado en 1942, que se llama + +08:25.880 --> 08:29.720 +Aquel lado de la cortina, donde aparece yo + +08:29.720 --> 08:32.440 +creo que por primera vez el problema de la + +08:32.440 --> 08:35.180 +discriminación de los chicanos en Estados + +08:35.180 --> 08:38.800 +Unidos. En ese tiempo, César Chávez y el + +08:38.800 --> 08:42.460 +movimiento campesino era muy fuerte. Como + +08:42.460 --> 08:46.120 +chicana, nacida en California, de padres + +08:46.120 --> 08:49.620 +de Nuevo México, entré a la universidad. + +08:49.620 --> 08:56.520 +cuando ya tenía yo tres hijos y 30 años + +08:56.520 --> 09:00.140 +era un poco más de edad de los estudiantes + +09:00.140 --> 09:04.980 +que usualmente entran después de luchas + +09:04.980 --> 09:08.960 +para abrir la universidad a las minorías. + +09:09.260 --> 09:12.860 +Entonces, gente como Fernando fueron los + +09:12.860 --> 09:17.480 +líderes para nosotros, maestros, gente ya + +09:17.480 --> 09:22.020 +preparados con luchas y perspectivas + +09:22.020 --> 09:25.880 +mundiales. Entonces, para nosotros era muy + +09:25.880 --> 09:29.200 +importante la unificación de los chicanos + +09:29.200 --> 09:31.640 +con los latinos y con los mexicanos. + +09:38.360 --> 09:42.620 +En 1970, la gente de Chile eleccionó a + +09:42.620 --> 09:44.440 +Salvador Allende como presidente. + +10:01.640 --> 10:07.240 +Con Fos, Salvador Allende, en 1970, fue + +10:07.240 --> 10:11.920 +designado agregado cultural a la Embajada + +10:11.920 --> 10:15.420 +de Chile en Washington. Abrió un espacio + +10:15.420 --> 10:18.740 +en Estados Unidos donde las relaciones no + +10:18.740 --> 10:20.300 +estaban exentas de tensiones, + +10:20.300 --> 10:22.700 +particularmente a raíz del tema de la + +10:22.700 --> 10:27.120 +nacionalización de las minas de cobre y el + +10:27.120 --> 10:29.040 +no pago de indemnización, digamos, por lo + +10:29.040 --> 10:30.860 +que se consideró las rentabilidades + +10:30.860 --> 10:33.520 +excesivas. y por lo tanto Fernando era + +10:33.520 --> 10:36.080 +como una pieza clave para abrir otro + +10:36.080 --> 10:38.420 +espacio, darse a conocer este país, su + +10:38.420 --> 10:41.160 +experiencia, la sensibilidad que se tenía + +10:41.160 --> 10:43.280 +en el ámbito de la cultura, de la gente + +10:43.280 --> 10:46.460 +joven, de las brigadas que participaban, y + +10:46.460 --> 10:48.900 +se lograron crear cosas muy importantes. + +10:49.300 --> 10:52.960 +La trascendencia de Allende es una + +10:52.960 --> 10:55.980 +trascendencia que va de lo + +10:55.980 --> 11:00.960 +socialdemócrata, democrático, al heroísmo + +11:00.960 --> 11:01.380 +popular. + +11:04.840 --> 11:07.980 +Allende fue entrando poco a poco en el + +11:07.980 --> 11:12.360 +sentido heroico, épico del pueblo chileno + +11:12.360 --> 11:18.100 +en sus hazañas por conquistar una libertad + +11:18.100 --> 11:22.020 +individual con toda la responsabilidad + +11:22.020 --> 11:26.080 +social que uno imagina en héroes de esta + +11:26.080 --> 11:26.900 +naturaleza + +11:35.280 --> 11:40.280 +En septiembre 11 de 1973, Fernando Alegría + +11:40.280 --> 11:42.640 +estaba planeando comer en la casa de Pablo + +11:42.640 --> 11:45.340 +Neruda, que había sido enfermo en la isla + +11:45.340 --> 11:49.200 +de Isla Negra. En su memoria, Matilde + +11:49.200 --> 11:52.580 +Urrutia, la abogada de Neruda, dice cómo + +11:52.580 --> 11:54.840 +estaba en la cocina preparando para la + +11:54.840 --> 11:57.400 +visita de Alegría cuando escuchó las + +11:57.400 --> 12:00.320 +noticias del Cú de Ta. La comida, por + +12:00.320 --> 12:01.720 +supuesto, nunca se tomó. + +12:04.820 --> 12:08.040 +Alegría se hundió de inmediato. Le dio + +12:08.040 --> 12:10.520 +protección a los priestas dominicanos de + +12:10.520 --> 12:13.540 +Recoleta, cerca del barrio donde creció. + +12:18.160 --> 12:22.920 +Cuando leí sobre el funeral de Neruda, el + +12:22.920 --> 12:29.220 +otro día en los papeles, por supuesto, el + +12:29.220 --> 12:34.180 +sentido de la gran tristeza, la tragedia + +12:34.180 --> 12:37.600 +que nos pasó en Chile cuando perdimos a + +12:37.600 --> 12:40.000 +nuestro gran líder, nuestro gran poeta + +12:40.000 --> 12:45.100 +pero al mismo tiempo, me sentí feliz que + +12:45.100 --> 12:48.140 +el funeral de Neruda se convirtiera en una + +12:48.140 --> 12:50.380 +demostración política en el General + +12:50.380 --> 12:53.040 +Cemetery de Santiago Tiago, porque sabes + +12:53.040 --> 12:55.160 +lo que pasó. De repente, las personas, + +12:55.280 --> 12:57.300 +como si estuvieran caminando al cemitério, + +12:57.300 --> 13:01.020 +y Matilde, su esposa, estaba siguiendo la + +13:01.020 --> 13:03.240 +cofina. De repente, estas personas, + +13:03.360 --> 13:06.480 +escritores, amigos personales, profesores + +13:06.480 --> 13:09.640 +de la universidad, trabajadores, tal vez + +13:09.640 --> 13:11.740 +personas que salieron del subterráneo solo + +13:11.740 --> 13:14.700 +para estar ahí con Neruda, comenzaron a + +13:14.700 --> 13:16.680 +cantar el Internacional. + +13:25.700 --> 13:28.360 +Y tienes que pensar qué significa esto, + +13:28.360 --> 13:32.080 +estas 1.000 o 2.000 personas cantando las + +13:32.080 --> 13:35.680 +palabras de La Internacional en Santiago, + +13:36.040 --> 13:37.820 +en un momento en el que hay alrededor de 7 + +13:37.820 --> 13:42.800 +.000 o 10.000 personas en prisión, algunas + +13:42.800 --> 13:45.560 +de ellas, quizás, esperando la ejecución + +13:45.560 --> 13:50.260 +sin tránsito. Esto, en un gran modo, me + +13:50.260 --> 13:53.100 +parece que muestra el espíritu, el + +13:53.100 --> 13:57.340 +espíritu de lucha, que no ha desaparecido + +13:57.340 --> 14:00.400 +en Chile. Creo que la gente de Chile está + +14:00.400 --> 14:04.360 +preparándose para algún tipo de + +14:04.360 --> 14:07.200 +acontecimiento que va a cambiar este + +14:07.200 --> 14:09.920 +horrible desastre que está sucediendo en + +14:09.920 --> 14:10.480 +nuestro país. + +14:17.780 --> 14:20.060 +Casi inmediatamente después del + +14:20.060 --> 14:22.660 +reclutamiento militar, la Junta emitió un + +14:22.660 --> 14:25.200 +decreto oficial permanente, banando a + +14:25.200 --> 14:26.440 +cuatro líderes de izquierda prominentes de + +14:26.440 --> 14:27.940 +Chile. + +14:30.940 --> 14:34.260 +Uno de ellos fue Fernando Alegría. + +14:46.640 --> 14:48.160 +Fernando entonces también para nosotros + +14:48.160 --> 14:50.140 +fue muy importante que denunciara como lo + +14:50.140 --> 14:52.280 +hizo, con la fuerza que lo hizo, con las + +14:52.280 --> 14:54.020 +consecuencias que lo hizo, las graves + +14:54.020 --> 14:55.800 +violaciones de derechos humanos ocurridas + +14:55.800 --> 14:58.060 +en Chile. Sobre todo en lo que había sido + +14:58.060 --> 15:00.780 +asesinatos, ejecuciones, desapariciones, + +15:00.780 --> 15:03.900 +en fin. Y yo creo que una voz como la de + +15:03.900 --> 15:06.440 +él, tan escuchada, por supuesto nos ayudó + +15:06.440 --> 15:08.040 +a nosotros en lo que tratábamos de hacer, + +15:08.120 --> 15:10.960 +que era la sensibilización del mundo sobre + +15:10.960 --> 15:12.880 +lo que estaba ocurriendo en Chile, las + +15:12.880 --> 15:14.480 +graves violaciones a los derechos humanos, + +15:14.720 --> 15:16.580 +por sobre todo que esto era una política + +15:16.580 --> 15:19.400 +de Estado, hecha con fondos del Estado, + +15:19.560 --> 15:22.040 +con agentes del Estado y por supuesto con + +15:22.040 --> 15:23.440 +la responsabilidad directa de Augusto + +15:23.440 --> 15:25.760 +Pinochet, que era quien encabezaba la + +15:25.760 --> 15:27.480 +dictadura y de ahí para abajo + +15:27.480 --> 15:29.100 +jerarquizados los servicios de + +15:29.100 --> 15:31.520 +inteligencia que ejecutaban estas + +15:31.520 --> 15:38.100 +políticas. Creo que vamos a ver algunas + +15:38.100 --> 15:39.560 +cosas muy importantes Hay muchas cosas + +15:39.560 --> 15:44.940 +importantes que no sé respecto a lo que ha + +15:44.940 --> 15:50.200 +pasado en Chile. Creo que el fondo del + +15:50.200 --> 15:52.540 +movimiento de liberación chileno no está + +15:52.540 --> 15:55.980 +rompido por cualquier forma. Creo que la + +15:55.980 --> 15:58.020 +fiesta de la resistencia se va a crecer. + +15:58.980 --> 16:04.940 +Creo que vamos a ver una segunda, una + +16:04.940 --> 16:08.380 +tercera liberación de la gente chilena. I + +16:08.380 --> 16:14.100 +believe that Allende and Neruda did not + +16:14.100 --> 16:18.360 +die in vain. I think they each in his own + +16:18.360 --> 16:23.200 +manner died for what they believed, died + +16:23.200 --> 16:25.720 +in the case of Neruda believing that + +16:25.720 --> 16:29.660 +poetry is action, poetry is life, and in + +16:29.660 --> 16:31.840 +the case of Allende that the cause of + +16:31.840 --> 16:34.620 +justice, de la social revolución en Chile + +16:34.620 --> 16:40.000 +fue lo que quería hacer y no podía ver, no + +16:40.000 --> 16:43.080 +podía sobrevivir al terrible golpe que la + +16:43.080 --> 16:44.460 +gente chilena estaba tomando en ese + +16:44.460 --> 16:48.620 +momento. Poco después de que volviera de + +16:48.620 --> 16:51.100 +Chile, Alegría publicó un artículo + +16:51.100 --> 16:53.080 +denunciando el coup en un revista + +16:53.080 --> 16:57.020 +mexicana. Viajó regularmente a México para + +16:57.020 --> 16:59.220 +visitar a los exiles políticos chilenos + +16:59.220 --> 17:01.140 +que que habían encontrado refugio allí, + +17:01.380 --> 17:04.620 +entre ellos Hortensia Busi, la abogada de + +17:04.620 --> 17:05.660 +Salvador Allende. + +17:09.580 --> 17:12.680 +Él entendió que su tarea era también + +17:12.680 --> 17:15.660 +luchar por el retorno de la democracia y + +17:15.660 --> 17:18.840 +de la libertad en nuestro país. Y lo hizo + +17:18.840 --> 17:23.160 +con la riqueza, con la cultura, con la + +17:23.160 --> 17:26.060 +pasión que él ponía en las causas nobles + +17:26.060 --> 17:28.760 +que eran las suyas. Y luego, después del + +17:28.760 --> 17:31.060 +violento despliegue del gobierno Allende, + +17:31.540 --> 17:35.180 +Fernando fue muy apoyado de las fuerzas + +17:35.180 --> 17:37.740 +democráticas en Chile, de los que fueron + +17:37.740 --> 17:40.560 +perseguidos y imprisionados, así como de + +17:40.560 --> 17:43.360 +los que fueron forzados a exilarse y a ser + +17:43.360 --> 17:45.860 +dirigidos desde Chile. Fundaron la revista + +17:45.860 --> 17:48.100 +Literatura Chilena en el Exilio, que luego + +17:48.100 --> 17:51.140 +se llamó Literatura Chilena, Creación y + +17:51.140 --> 17:53.380 +Crítica. Muchos intelectuales + +17:53.380 --> 17:55.960 +latinoamericanos y muchos escritores, + +17:55.960 --> 17:57.580 +entre ellos Gabriel García Márquez, + +17:58.480 --> 18:01.280 +colaboraron en forma bastante efectiva y + +18:01.280 --> 18:03.260 +bastante constante con el proyecto. + +18:22.780 --> 18:28.060 +Vengo a llamar la atención con voz de + +18:28.060 --> 18:33.440 +cantor serrano al hombre que va sin manos + +18:33.440 --> 18:36.720 +por seguir lo de mi nación. + +18:41.780 --> 18:47.840 +No ignoren su turbación, que las flores se + +18:47.840 --> 18:54.740 +apagaron y los ríos se secaron, privados + +18:54.740 --> 19:01.540 +de primaveras. 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time. + +06:57.180 --> 06:58.580 +¶¶ + +07:17.360 --> 07:18.760 +¶¶ + +07:36.460 --> 07:39.800 +saying is believing but + +08:16.540 --> 08:17.940 +¶¶ + +08:20.960 --> 08:22.360 +Thank you. + +09:14.740 --> 09:17.540 +Thank you. + +09:43.320 --> 09:44.720 +¶¶ + +09:47.700 --> 09:52.420 +Tomorrow is for the two of us We have to + +09:52.420 --> 09:55.160 +think about tomorrow and the destination + +10:19.580 --> 10:20.980 +Thank you. + +10:46.760 --> 10:48.160 +Thank you. + +11:21.980 --> 11:22.040 +Thank you. + +11:51.800 --> 11:54.600 +Thank you. + +12:53.600 --> 12:55.020 +Mix into flour. Dissolve in more water + +12:55.020 --> 12:55.020 +with jelly in the glass. + +13:07.500 --> 13:11.180 +I'll make a spike auroaryan Saute hard + +13:11.180 --> 13:12.280 +-boiled meat some surely + +13:24.180 --> 13:25.000 +and the red sauce + +13:31.620 --> 13:32.100 +Thank you. + +14:02.840 --> 14:05.640 +Thank you. + +14:32.900 --> 14:33.980 +Thank you. + +15:32.800 --> 15:35.600 +Thank you. + +16:06.120 --> 16:06.940 +Thank you. + +16:27.080 --> 16:28.480 +Thank you. + +16:59.360 --> 16:59.580 +Thank you. + +17:30.820 --> 17:32.220 +Thank you. + +17:57.280 --> 17:58.680 +Thank you. + +18:27.240 --> 18:27.600 +Thank you. + +18:55.100 --> 18:58.540 +Nicky Marrero! Camina, Nicky! + +19:33.260 --> 19:34.040 +Thank you. + +20:05.300 --> 20:06.700 +¶¶ + +20:23.580 --> 20:28.040 +¶¶ most beautiful piano pieces I ever + +20:28.040 --> 20:31.800 +played. The name of the composers are + +20:31.800 --> 20:37.100 +Natalie Cole and Linda Williams. The name + +20:37.100 --> 20:39.380 +of the song is La Costa. + +21:01.440 --> 21:02.860 +Thank you. + +21:31.300 --> 21:31.660 +Thank you. + +22:04.140 --> 22:04.920 +Thank you. + +22:28.980 --> 22:30.380 +Thank you. + +23:04.100 --> 23:04.760 +Thank you. + +24:00.400 --> 24:01.800 +Thank you. + +24:33.900 --> 24:34.620 +Thank you. + +25:03.860 --> 25:06.340 +Thank you. + +25:26.620 --> 25:28.020 +Thank you. + +26:05.060 --> 26:05.360 +Thank you. + +26:29.940 --> 26:31.340 +Thank you. + +27:01.640 --> 27:02.420 +Thank you. + +27:32.100 --> 27:33.520 +Thank you. + +28:02.040 --> 28:03.440 +Thank you. + +28:28.100 --> 28:29.780 +Thank you. + +29:00.700 --> 29:02.100 +Thank you. + +29:31.920 --> 29:34.720 +Thank you. + +30:05.720 --> 30:05.840 +Thank you. + +30:29.140 --> 30:30.540 +Thank you. + +31:01.680 --> 31:03.220 +Thank you. + +31:26.600 --> 31:27.560 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/kp010zv7055_a_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/baseline/kp010zv7055_a_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2eeb21 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/kp010zv7055_a_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,221 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:59.900 --> 00:59.960 +Thank you. + +02:00.000 --> 02:02.760 +the sun of Buendamar. + +02:20.370 --> 02:25.960 +With green horizon, green we cry, With + +02:25.960 --> 02:31.700 +silences of unrelenting green With a green + +02:31.700 --> 02:36.780 +horizon, crying green With silences of + +02:36.780 --> 02:39.140 +unrelenting green + +02:41.720 --> 02:49.120 +The sun is shining sadly Without seeing + +02:49.120 --> 02:51.800 +that the father has raised his cry + +03:20.380 --> 03:21.780 +is + +03:50.360 --> 03:51.760 + + +04:20.360 --> 04:21.760 + + +04:50.360 --> 04:51.760 + + +05:18.680 --> 05:20.460 +¶¶ Thank you. + +06:40.280 --> 06:40.440 +We'll see you next time. + +06:57.180 --> 06:58.580 +¶¶ + +07:17.360 --> 07:18.760 +¶¶ + +07:36.460 --> 07:39.800 +saying is believing but + +08:16.540 --> 08:17.940 +¶¶ + +08:20.960 --> 08:22.360 +Thank you. + +09:14.740 --> 09:17.540 +Thank you. + +09:43.320 --> 09:44.720 +¶¶ + +09:47.700 --> 09:52.420 +Tomorrow is for the two of us We have to + +09:52.420 --> 09:55.160 +think about tomorrow and the destination + +10:19.580 --> 10:20.980 +Thank you. + +10:46.760 --> 10:48.160 +Thank you. + +11:21.980 --> 11:22.040 +Thank you. + +11:51.800 --> 11:54.600 +Thank you. + +12:52.500 --> 12:56.020 +I'm going to make a sauce. Add 1 + +12:56.020 --> 12:58.940 +tablespoon of sugar. Add 1 tablespoon of + +12:58.940 --> 13:06.840 +sake. Add 1 tablespoon of sake. Add 1 + +13:06.840 --> 13:14.260 +tablespoon of + +13:14.260 --> 13:14.340 +soy sauce. + +13:54.000 --> 13:55.480 +Thank you. + +14:22.580 --> 14:23.420 +Thank you. + +15:49.760 --> 15:51.160 +Thank you. + +16:18.460 --> 16:21.100 +Thank you. + +16:51.120 --> 16:51.180 +Thank you. + +17:22.720 --> 17:23.440 +Thank you. + +17:52.360 --> 17:55.160 +Thank you. + +18:20.720 --> 18:21.260 +Thank you. + +18:54.080 --> 18:56.040 +. . + +19:33.260 --> 19:34.040 +Thank you. + +20:05.280 --> 20:06.040 +¶¶ + +20:24.540 --> 20:30.260 +¶¶ piano pieces I ever played. The name of + +20:30.260 --> 20:35.000 +the composers are Natalie Cole and Linda + +20:35.000 --> 20:38.880 +Williams. The name of the song is La + +20:38.880 --> 20:39.380 +Costa. + +21:01.520 --> 21:02.920 +Thank you. + +21:31.520 --> 21:31.640 +Thank you. + +22:04.740 --> 22:04.920 +Thank you. + +22:28.980 --> 22:30.380 +Thank you. + +23:03.800 --> 23:04.800 +Thank you. + +23:34.780 --> 23:35.940 +I'm going to make a little bit of a little + +23:35.940 --> 23:36.440 +bit of a little bit of a little bit of a + +23:36.440 --> 23:40.240 +little bit of a little bit of a little bit + +23:40.240 --> 23:44.560 +of a little bit of a little bit of a + +23:48.980 --> 23:50.620 +little bit of a + +23:58.660 --> 24:01.460 +Thank you. + +24:28.500 --> 24:28.980 +Thank you. + +24:57.120 --> 24:59.320 +Thank you. + +25:26.600 --> 25:28.000 +Thank you. + +25:53.860 --> 25:55.300 +Thank you. + +26:31.140 --> 26:31.260 +Thank you. + +26:53.660 --> 26:55.060 +Thank you. + +27:26.120 --> 27:26.180 +Thank you. + +27:56.240 --> 27:57.640 +Thank you. + +28:27.940 --> 28:29.720 +Thank you. + +28:52.460 --> 28:53.860 +Thank you. + +29:49.200 --> 29:50.600 +I + +29:58.400 --> 29:59.980 +Thank you. + +30:30.360 --> 30:30.420 +Thank you. + +30:54.580 --> 30:55.980 +Thank you. + +31:28.560 --> 31:30.880 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/kp010zv7055_b_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/kp010zv7055_b_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9d46d10 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/kp010zv7055_b_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:01.000 +Thank you. + +00:57.920 --> 00:59.320 +¶¶ + +01:05.400 --> 01:05.580 +Thank you. + +02:27.580 --> 02:29.520 +¶¶ ? + +02:34.560 --> 02:35.960 +? + +02:40.960 --> 02:44.400 +? Thank you. + +03:22.580 --> 03:22.760 +Thank you. + +03:42.720 --> 03:45.380 +When will the day come? When will the day + +03:45.380 --> 03:45.500 +come? + +04:18.240 --> 04:19.640 +Thank you. + +04:52.440 --> 04:55.120 +Thank you. + +05:21.280 --> 05:23.260 +¶¶ ¶¶ + +05:40.620 --> 05:42.020 +¶¶ + +05:49.620 --> 05:49.920 +Thank you. + +06:19.380 --> 06:22.180 +Thank you. + +06:46.680 --> 06:48.080 +Thank you. + +07:15.700 --> 07:20.960 +Carlos Patato Valdez. Camila Carlos. + +07:51.480 --> 07:52.420 +Thank you. + +08:37.840 --> 08:40.440 +¶¶ Tony Cintron Jr. + +08:52.540 --> 08:52.720 +Thank you. + +09:51.120 --> 09:53.100 +Thank you. + +10:19.380 --> 10:20.800 +Thank you. + +10:43.180 --> 10:44.640 +Thank you. + +11:40.600 --> 11:42.000 +¶¶ + +12:08.860 --> 12:11.560 +Thank you very much. That was our own + +12:11.560 --> 12:14.320 +original jamboree. + +12:16.200 --> 12:18.840 +Jamboree. I didn't know you liked calypso + +12:18.840 --> 12:19.380 +so well. + +12:34.520 --> 12:37.380 +I was saying good evening, ladies and + +12:37.380 --> 12:40.440 +gentlemen. This is a bilingual situation + +12:40.440 --> 12:46.940 +here. And it's more than bilingual because + +12:46.940 --> 12:51.580 +Patato speaks Spanish, English, African. + +12:52.420 --> 12:55.960 +Muchacho. I'm talking about Mr. Carlos + +12:55.960 --> 12:57.060 +Patato Valdez. + +13:08.920 --> 13:11.180 +This is the Inter-American band. See over + +13:11.180 --> 13:13.680 +there they didn't have room to put, or + +13:13.680 --> 13:15.740 +they didn't have the letters. They put + +13:15.740 --> 13:18.060 +just my name. They're supposed to be my + +13:18.060 --> 13:20.740 +name and the Inter-American band with + +13:20.740 --> 13:24.240 +Nicky Marrero. How about that? + +13:31.780 --> 13:34.360 +From Brazil, Sergio Brandao. + +13:42.480 --> 13:49.180 +And this young New York Rican, Tony + +13:49.180 --> 13:50.060 +Cintron Jr. Junior. + +13:59.300 --> 14:01.260 +Right now, I would like to play for you + +14:02.250 --> 14:05.380 +another original called Samba All Day + +14:05.380 --> 14:10.880 +Long. This is our interpretation of samba. + +14:28.220 --> 14:28.280 +Thank you. + +14:56.780 --> 14:58.280 +Thank you. + +15:53.920 --> 15:55.520 +Thank you. + +16:47.700 --> 16:49.100 +¶¶ + +16:54.720 --> 16:56.420 +Thank you. + +17:46.540 --> 17:47.940 +¶¶ + +17:52.780 --> 17:54.280 +Thank you. + +18:28.480 --> 18:31.280 +Thank you. + +18:47.940 --> 18:48.340 +? + +18:53.660 --> 18:55.060 +? + +19:29.320 --> 19:30.740 +Thank you. + +20:02.560 --> 20:05.180 +Thank you. + +20:54.460 --> 20:54.900 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +21:03.900 --> 21:03.960 +Thank you. + +21:31.580 --> 21:33.560 +Thank you. + +22:21.960 --> 22:24.020 +Sergio Brandao + +22:53.320 --> 22:54.720 +¶¶ + +23:31.540 --> 23:32.940 +Thank you. + +24:31.920 --> 24:33.320 +Thank you. + +25:03.060 --> 25:04.480 +Thank you. + +25:32.400 --> 25:32.700 +Thank you. + +26:22.720 --> 26:23.500 +Nikki Marrero. + +26:55.780 --> 26:57.180 +guitar solo + +27:22.720 --> 27:22.840 +Thank you. + +27:52.720 --> 27:56.600 +Now we like to feature Mr. Patato Valdez, + +27:57.100 --> 28:01.440 +playing his own composition, Come along. + +28:02.720 --> 28:03.560 +Camina Patato. + +28:58.560 --> 28:58.620 +Thank you. + +29:29.420 --> 29:30.820 +Thank you. + +29:57.620 --> 29:59.020 +Thank you. + +30:29.540 --> 30:31.020 +Thank you. + +31:00.380 --> 31:01.780 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/kp010zv7055_b_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/baseline/kp010zv7055_b_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..73fa718 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/kp010zv7055_b_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:01.000 +Thank you. + +00:57.920 --> 00:59.320 +¶¶ + +01:05.400 --> 01:05.580 +Thank you. + +02:27.580 --> 02:29.520 +¶¶ ? + +02:34.560 --> 02:35.960 +? + +02:40.960 --> 02:44.400 +? Thank you. + +03:22.580 --> 03:22.760 +Thank you. + +03:42.720 --> 03:45.380 +When will the day come? When will the day + +03:45.380 --> 03:45.500 +come? + +04:18.240 --> 04:19.640 +Thank you. + +04:52.440 --> 04:55.120 +Thank you. + +05:21.280 --> 05:23.260 +¶¶ ¶¶ + +05:40.620 --> 05:42.020 +¶¶ + +05:49.620 --> 05:49.920 +Thank you. + +06:19.380 --> 06:22.180 +Thank you. + +06:46.680 --> 06:48.080 +Thank you. + +07:15.700 --> 07:20.960 +Carlos Patato Valdez. Camila Carlos. + +07:51.480 --> 07:52.420 +Thank you. + +08:37.840 --> 08:40.440 +¶¶ Tony Cintron Jr. + +08:52.540 --> 08:52.720 +Thank you. + +09:51.120 --> 09:53.100 +Thank you. + +10:19.380 --> 10:20.800 +Thank you. + +10:43.180 --> 10:44.640 +Thank you. + +11:40.600 --> 11:42.000 +¶¶ + +12:08.860 --> 12:11.560 +Thank you very much. That was our own + +12:11.560 --> 12:14.320 +original jamboree. + +12:16.200 --> 12:18.840 +Jamboree. I didn't know you liked calypso + +12:18.840 --> 12:19.380 +so well. + +12:34.520 --> 12:37.380 +I was saying good evening, ladies and + +12:37.380 --> 12:40.440 +gentlemen. This is a bilingual situation + +12:40.440 --> 12:46.940 +here. And it's more than bilingual because + +12:46.940 --> 12:51.580 +Patato speaks Spanish, English, African. + +12:52.420 --> 12:55.960 +Muchacho. I'm talking about Mr. Carlos + +12:55.960 --> 12:57.060 +Patato Valdez. + +13:08.920 --> 13:11.180 +This is the Inter-American band. See over + +13:11.180 --> 13:13.680 +there they didn't have room to put, or + +13:13.680 --> 13:15.740 +they didn't have the letters. They put + +13:15.740 --> 13:18.060 +just my name. They're supposed to be my + +13:18.060 --> 13:20.740 +name and the Inter-American band with + +13:20.740 --> 13:24.240 +Nicky Marrero. How about that? + +13:31.780 --> 13:34.360 +From Brazil, Sergio Brandao. + +13:42.480 --> 13:49.180 +And this young New York Rican, Tony + +13:49.180 --> 13:50.060 +Cintron Jr. Junior. + +13:59.300 --> 14:01.260 +Right now, I would like to play for you + +14:02.250 --> 14:05.380 +another original called Samba All Day + +14:05.380 --> 14:10.880 +Long. This is our interpretation of samba. + +14:28.220 --> 14:28.280 +Thank you. + +14:56.780 --> 14:58.280 +Thank you. + +15:53.920 --> 15:55.520 +Thank you. + +16:47.700 --> 16:49.100 +¶¶ + +16:54.720 --> 16:56.420 +Thank you. + +17:46.540 --> 17:47.940 +¶¶ + +17:52.780 --> 17:54.280 +Thank you. + +18:28.480 --> 18:31.280 +Thank you. + +18:47.940 --> 18:48.340 +? + +18:53.660 --> 18:55.060 +? + +19:29.320 --> 19:30.740 +Thank you. + +20:02.560 --> 20:05.180 +Thank you. + +20:54.460 --> 20:54.900 + + +21:03.900 --> 21:03.960 +Thank you. + +21:31.580 --> 21:33.560 +Thank you. + +22:21.960 --> 22:24.020 +Sergio Brandao + +22:53.320 --> 22:54.720 +¶¶ + +23:31.540 --> 23:32.940 +Thank you. + +24:31.920 --> 24:33.320 +Thank you. + +25:03.060 --> 25:04.480 +Thank you. + +25:32.400 --> 25:32.700 +Thank you. + +26:22.720 --> 26:23.500 +Nikki Marrero. + +26:55.780 --> 26:57.180 +guitar solo + +27:22.720 --> 27:22.840 +Thank you. + +27:52.720 --> 27:56.600 +Now we like to feature Mr. Patato Valdez, 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"druid:mc135dt6327=18=2" +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/baseline/my683pp9971_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/my683pp9971_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1be5858 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/my683pp9971_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,611 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:13.980 --> 00:18.000 +The following tape contains lessons one + +00:18.000 --> 00:20.420 +through five of the conversational + +00:20.420 --> 00:22.600 +Cherokee course prepared by the Cherokee + +00:22.600 --> 00:26.040 +Bilingual Education Program. Each lesson + +00:26.040 --> 00:28.860 +begins with a dialogue with each phrase + +00:28.860 --> 00:32.580 +recorded seven times. Listen to the first + +00:32.580 --> 00:35.500 +three repetitions and repeat after the + +00:35.500 --> 00:39.260 +fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh during + +00:39.260 --> 00:42.600 +the pauses. Then continue with the drills + +00:42.600 --> 00:45.800 +following the instructions provided in the + +00:45.800 --> 00:46.080 +tape. + +00:49.440 --> 00:51.880 +Conversational Cherokee Lesson 1. + +00:52.600 --> 00:59.760 +Greetings. Hello John. OCO John. OCO John. + +01:00.000 --> 01:08.060 +OCO John. OCO John. OCO John. OCO John. + +01:08.880 --> 01:15.180 +OCO John. OCO John. OCO John. OCO John. + +01:15.180 --> 01:17.460 +Hello, Ann. ! + +01:37.840 --> 01:39.240 +How are you? + +01:45.180 --> 01:47.240 +Tohitu. Tohitu. + +01:49.120 --> 01:50.520 +Tohitu. + +01:52.320 --> 01:53.720 +Tohitu. + +01:57.800 --> 01:59.200 +Fine. + +02:03.280 --> 02:07.020 +Tohiku. Tohiku. Tohiku. + +02:15.180 --> 02:16.040 +. . + +02:19.900 --> 02:22.060 +And you? + +02:52.920 --> 02:54.920 +Yes, fine. + +03:22.300 --> 03:24.960 +additional vocabulary repetition + +03:27.400 --> 03:34.080 +one he ah, where is son? he ah, where is + +03:34.080 --> 03:43.920 +son? two he ah, ah ma? he ah, ah ma? + +03:47.540 --> 03:48.280 +three Three. + +03:55.980 --> 03:57.380 +Four. + +04:07.100 --> 04:08.500 +Five. + +04:23.300 --> 04:26.180 +Six. Six. + +04:29.680 --> 04:30.400 +Six. + +04:36.580 --> 04:40.100 +Question drill. You will hear the + +04:40.100 --> 04:44.200 +question, what is this, in Cherokee, six + +04:44.200 --> 04:48.520 +times. Give a one-word answer. using the + +04:48.520 --> 04:51.240 +noun found in the corresponding six + +04:51.240 --> 04:53.200 +sentences in the additional vocabulary + +04:53.200 --> 04:53.600 +drill. + +05:18.100 --> 05:22.460 +Three. Kada ushti hiya. + +05:25.240 --> 05:26.320 +Aspala. + +05:28.860 --> 05:29.940 +Aspala. + +05:31.980 --> 05:38.480 +Four. Kada ushti hiya. Agaya. + +05:42.040 --> 05:47.320 +Agaya. Five. Kada ushti hiya. + +05:58.640 --> 06:01.280 +Six. . + +06:05.080 --> 06:10.460 +Additional question, Dr. Elf. . . . . . . + +06:10.460 --> 06:10.840 +. . . . . + +06:15.760 --> 06:20.720 +additional question drill repetition in + +06:20.720 --> 06:24.320 +this drill you'll hear a question with the + +06:24.320 --> 06:27.660 +six nouns with each of the six nouns used + +06:27.660 --> 06:30.200 +in the previous drills questioned that is + +06:30.200 --> 06:32.420 +the question suffix will be attached to + +06:32.420 --> 06:35.820 +these nouns. You will then hear the + +06:35.820 --> 06:41.300 +answer. Repeat the answer, which will be + +06:41.300 --> 06:41.780 +given twice. + +06:44.520 --> 06:52.220 +Repeat. One. Where is that? Here. Ah, + +06:52.220 --> 06:57.000 +where is that? Ah, where is that? + +07:57.280 --> 08:03.220 +I gave you just a conversation at normal + +08:03.220 --> 08:05.980 +speed do not repeat listen for + +08:05.980 --> 08:09.540 +comprehension only Oh see you John we'll + +08:09.540 --> 08:12.600 +see you all right Tohiku? Tohiku? Nah nah, + +08:12.640 --> 08:16.760 +tohiku is... Ah, tohiku? End of lesson + +08:16.760 --> 08:17.020 +one. + +08:23.400 --> 08:25.700 +Lesson two, dialogue. + +08:27.540 --> 08:29.700 +Hello. Hello? Hello? + +08:58.300 --> 09:01.020 +Do you speak English? English. Your + +09:01.020 --> 09:04.300 +negative on this. Your negative on this. + +09:05.340 --> 09:09.140 +Your negative on this. Your negative on + +09:09.140 --> 09:09.440 +this. + +09:12.580 --> 09:13.980 +Your negative on this. + +09:16.820 --> 09:22.060 +Your negative on this. Your negative on + +09:22.060 --> 09:27.520 +this. Yes, I speak English well. All + +09:27.520 --> 09:27.720 +right, home. + +09:57.960 --> 10:00.680 +What is your name? + +10:19.240 --> 10:25.660 +My name is Bill Brown. I am Bill Brown. I + +10:25.660 --> 10:31.600 +am Bill Brown. I am Bill Brown. I am Bill + +10:31.600 --> 10:37.240 +Brown. I am Bill Brown. I am Bill Brown. I + +10:37.240 --> 10:44.640 +am Bill Brown. I am Bill + +10:44.640 --> 10:50.100 +Brown. I am Bill + +10:50.100 --> 10:55.520 +Brown. And you? What is your name? + +11:04.060 --> 11:05.460 +one. + +11:19.540 --> 11:27.020 +Any squirrel? On slowly, on slowly, on + +11:27.020 --> 11:35.440 +slowly, on slowly, on slowly, on slowly. + +11:35.440 --> 11:41.440 +Slowly. On slowly. Do you want water? I + +11:41.440 --> 11:45.740 +musta dooly. I musta dooly. I musta dooly. + +11:46.100 --> 11:54.260 +I musta dooly. I musta dooly. I musta + +11:54.260 --> 11:59.200 +dooly. I musta dooly. Yes, I am thirsty + +11:59.200 --> 12:03.900 +for water. Uh, I'm locked today. Uh, I'm + +12:03.900 --> 12:13.140 +locked today. A mak tdegi. A mak tdegi. A + +12:13.140 --> 12:18.940 +mak tdegi. A mak tdegi. + +12:25.760 --> 12:28.680 +Here is water. + +12:46.540 --> 12:53.320 +Thanks. Thanks. Wado. Wado. Wado. Wado. + +12:54.580 --> 13:00.700 +Wado. Wado. Wado. + +13:07.060 --> 13:11.820 +Additional vocabulary repetition. Repeat + +13:11.820 --> 13:14.680 +after each phrase. One. One. + +13:21.460 --> 13:22.860 +Two. + +13:30.900 --> 13:32.300 +Three. + +13:44.520 --> 13:52.420 +Kentucky yeah Kentucky for Yeah Yeah, Dana + +13:54.300 --> 13:58.940 +Yeah, yeah, Dana. Yeah, yeah, Dana + +14:02.220 --> 14:05.180 +Hi, yeah, good today + +14:08.020 --> 14:12.160 +Yeah good today. Yeah good today + +14:15.020 --> 14:22.640 +Six. Here, take two liner. Here, take two + +14:22.640 --> 14:25.700 +liner. Here, take two liner. + +14:28.460 --> 14:33.280 +Question drill. Listen to the question and + +14:33.280 --> 14:35.940 +then give the answer. Model. + +14:38.380 --> 14:41.820 +Is this a boy? Yes, it's a boy. + +15:12.340 --> 15:14.020 +He asked, Ya ge? + +15:17.580 --> 15:19.340 +Ya ge da? + +15:22.800 --> 15:24.640 +Ya ge da? + +15:28.880 --> 15:32.200 +Three. He asked, Kan toke? + +15:35.820 --> 15:41.480 +Kan toke da? . + +15:56.480 --> 15:57.880 +Five. + +16:00.680 --> 16:02.000 +. + +16:14.600 --> 16:18.560 +Six. Additional question, Daryl. + +16:33.400 --> 16:39.780 +Model, what is this? A woman. Kada u + +16:39.780 --> 16:42.360 +stihia? A gay ya? + +16:46.500 --> 16:52.180 +A gay ya? A gay ya? After each question, + +16:52.360 --> 16:56.360 +kada u stihia? Give the one word answer + +16:56.360 --> 16:58.380 +which corresponds to the nouns in numbers + +16:58.380 --> 17:01.720 +one through six. One. + +17:08.460 --> 17:09.860 +Two. + +17:18.600 --> 17:20.000 +Three. + +17:29.160 --> 17:29.980 +kanto ki + +17:34.020 --> 17:40.140 +four ya thay + +17:40.140 --> 17:40.320 +na + +17:44.080 --> 17:51.440 +five kar choday + +17:55.600 --> 17:56.340 +Six. + +18:06.300 --> 18:08.680 +Conversation at normal speed. Do not + +18:08.680 --> 18:12.120 +repeat. Listen for comprehension only. tôi + +18:12.120 --> 18:15.180 +joc cí joyful recovery + +18:17.640 --> 18:22.160 +cí ch react brackle my phone + +18:25.640 --> 18:27.060 +softwarming listen + +18:32.800 --> 18:34.200 +againø + +18:40.880 --> 18:43.000 +I am Bill Brown dog with a name of the + +18:43.000 --> 18:47.600 +Dota's a dog on slowly. I'm a chateau I'm + +18:47.600 --> 18:49.920 +not today. I'm What? + +18:53.540 --> 18:55.780 +End of lesson two + +19:05.580 --> 19:08.980 +Conversational Cherokee lesson three + +19:11.060 --> 19:15.760 +Dialogue with Mary and Charles. Hello, + +19:15.820 --> 19:35.180 +Charles. Hello, Charles. Hello, Mary. + +19:36.220 --> 19:39.200 +Hello Mary. . + +19:57.940 --> 19:59.420 +What are you doing? + +20:20.680 --> 20:23.480 +I'm working. + +20:29.420 --> 20:30.500 +Doggy left stony. + +20:33.640 --> 20:35.060 +Doggy left stony. + +20:38.720 --> 20:40.120 +Doggy left stony. + +20:44.620 --> 20:50.000 +Doggy left stony. What are you building? + +21:20.560 --> 21:24.520 +Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi + +21:24.520 --> 21:33.320 +Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga + +21:33.320 --> 21:34.180 +Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi + +21:37.560 --> 21:40.540 +Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi + +21:40.540 --> 21:44.600 +Jathaga + +21:44.600 --> 21:45.460 +Unniyasthi + +21:48.940 --> 21:52.920 +Give me a hammer. Ganai velocity has + +21:52.920 --> 21:55.300 +consumed. Ganai velocity has consumed. + +21:55.640 --> 21:57.460 +Ganai velocity has consumed. + +22:05.120 --> 22:07.000 +Ganai velocity has consumed. + +22:12.260 --> 22:14.240 +Ganai velocity has consumed. Can you see? + +22:18.820 --> 22:20.200 +Can anyone who lost their hair, say + +22:20.200 --> 22:20.520 +something? + +22:24.200 --> 22:28.720 +Do you want any nails? What did I do? What + +22:28.720 --> 22:31.620 +did I do? What did I do? + +22:56.120 --> 22:59.680 +Yes, I want nails. + +23:34.660 --> 23:36.380 +Here are a hammer and nails. + +23:59.680 --> 24:01.540 +I have not done anything wrong. + +24:06.450 --> 24:08.500 +I have not done anything wrong. + +24:14.450 --> 24:18.440 +Thanks. Thanks. What don't? What don't? + +24:18.980 --> 24:27.040 +What don't? What don't? What don't? What + +24:27.040 --> 24:33.200 +don't? What don't? What don't? What don't? + +24:33.200 --> 24:33.980 +End of the dialogue. + +24:37.380 --> 24:42.280 +Additional vocabulary drill. One. Bill is + +24:42.280 --> 24:42.700 +working. + +24:52.680 --> 24:56.540 +Bill is speaking. Bill is speaking. + +25:01.480 --> 25:02.400 +Bill is speaking. + +25:06.920 --> 25:11.620 +Bill is building a house. We got so the + +25:11.620 --> 25:12.480 +honest game + +25:17.640 --> 25:19.980 +We got so the honest game + +25:23.420 --> 25:27.580 +For bill is thinking we are downtown + +25:32.300 --> 25:33.780 +We are downtown + +25:37.320 --> 25:40.380 +Five. Bill is helping. + +25:47.380 --> 25:48.560 +Six. + +25:52.920 --> 25:56.440 +Bill is sleeping. We'll go to sleep. + +26:01.420 --> 26:02.640 +We'll go to sleep. + +26:09.440 --> 26:12.780 +Question Drill You will hear the question, + +26:13.040 --> 26:18.100 +What is Bill doing? six times. Give a one + +26:18.100 --> 26:21.640 +-word answer using the verb found in the + +26:21.640 --> 26:24.080 +corresponding numbers of the additional + +26:24.080 --> 26:25.160 +vocabulary drill. + +26:28.080 --> 26:29.360 +One. + +26:31.760 --> 26:36.800 +. . . + +26:44.560 --> 26:45.840 +. + +27:16.420 --> 27:17.600 +How many are you doing? + +27:21.400 --> 27:22.540 +I'm doing fine. + +27:26.120 --> 27:31.940 +I'm doing fine. Five. How many are you + +27:31.940 --> 27:32.080 +doing? + +27:36.220 --> 27:37.140 +I'm doing fine. + +27:40.360 --> 27:42.720 +I'm doing fine. Six. + +27:45.840 --> 27:46.640 +How are you? + +27:54.560 --> 27:56.360 +How are you? + +28:02.340 --> 28:05.180 +Dialogue at normal speed. Do not repeat. + +28:05.360 --> 28:07.220 +Listen for comprehension only. + +28:27.000 --> 28:29.260 +End of lesson three. + +29:13.900 --> 29:16.000 +Thank you. Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/my683pp9971_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/baseline/my683pp9971_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82a6a91 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/my683pp9971_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,623 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:13.980 --> 00:18.000 +The following tape contains lessons one + +00:18.000 --> 00:20.420 +through five of the conversational + +00:20.420 --> 00:22.600 +Cherokee course prepared by the Cherokee + +00:22.600 --> 00:26.040 +Bilingual Education Program. Each lesson + +00:26.040 --> 00:28.860 +begins with a dialogue with each phrase + +00:28.860 --> 00:32.580 +recorded seven times. Listen to the first + +00:32.580 --> 00:35.500 +three repetitions and repeat after the + +00:35.500 --> 00:39.260 +fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh during + +00:39.260 --> 00:42.600 +the pauses. Then continue with the drills + +00:42.600 --> 00:45.800 +following the instructions provided in the + +00:45.800 --> 00:46.080 +tape. + +00:49.440 --> 00:51.880 +Conversational Cherokee Lesson 1. + +00:52.600 --> 00:59.760 +Greetings. Hello John. OCO John. OCO John. + +01:00.000 --> 01:08.060 +OCO John. OCO John. OCO John. OCO John. + +01:08.880 --> 01:15.180 +OCO John. OCO John. OCO John. OCO John. + +01:15.180 --> 01:15.760 +Hello, Ann. + +01:35.080 --> 01:36.880 +How are you? + +01:45.180 --> 01:47.240 +Tohitu. Tohitu. + +01:49.120 --> 01:50.520 +Tohitu. + +01:52.320 --> 01:53.720 +Tohitu. + +01:57.800 --> 01:59.200 +Fine. + +02:03.280 --> 02:07.020 +Tohiku. Tohiku. Tohiku. + +02:17.960 --> 02:25.920 +tô hiqua and you. ni hinna tô hiqua's ni + +02:25.920 --> 02:31.700 +hinna tô hiqua's ni hinna tô hiqua's ni + +02:31.700 --> 02:37.540 +hinna tô hiqua's ni hinna tô hiqua's ni + +02:37.540 --> 02:42.620 +hinna tô hiqua's ni hinna tô hiqua's ni + +02:42.620 --> 02:44.100 +hinna tô hiqua's + +02:52.960 --> 02:54.900 +Yes, fine. + +03:14.100 --> 03:18.840 +Tohiku. Ah. Tohiku. Ah. Tohiku. + +03:21.980 --> 03:28.020 +Additional vocabulary. Repetition. One. + +03:29.060 --> 03:37.280 +Hiya. Where's son? Hiya. Where's son? Two. + +03:38.440 --> 03:43.860 +Hiya. Ah-ma. Hiya. Ah-ma. + +03:46.720 --> 03:51.060 +Three Aية hah Passkaya + +03:54.020 --> 03:55.420 +AIA. + +03:58.320 --> 04:03.540 +Four AIA. Hiya, agye hyam. + +04:07.800 --> 04:09.580 +Hiya, agye hyam. + +04:12.880 --> 04:16.480 +Five. Hiya, achu cham. + +04:19.860 --> 04:27.420 +Hiya, achu cham. Six. Hiya, agye hyu cham. + +04:36.640 --> 04:40.100 +Question drill. You will hear the + +04:40.100 --> 04:44.160 +question, what is this, in Cherokee six + +04:44.160 --> 04:48.560 +times. Give a one-word answer using the + +04:48.560 --> 04:51.240 +noun found in the corresponding six + +04:51.240 --> 04:53.180 +sentences in the additional vocabulary + +04:53.180 --> 04:55.640 +drill. One. + +05:00.160 --> 05:01.480 +Where is son? + +05:05.020 --> 05:11.420 +Where is son? Two. Where is son? Mom. + +05:16.220 --> 05:19.160 +Mom. Three. Three. + +05:28.200 --> 05:29.600 +Four. + +05:37.700 --> 05:39.100 +Five. + +06:15.960 --> 06:21.140 +MEANWHILE Он хタ Repetition. In this drill, + +06:21.280 --> 06:24.880 +you will hear a question with the six + +06:24.880 --> 06:27.880 +nouns, with each of the six nouns used in + +06:27.880 --> 06:30.200 +the previous drills questioned. That is, + +06:30.260 --> 06:32.400 +the question suffix will be attached to + +06:32.400 --> 06:35.820 +these nouns. You will then hear the + +06:35.820 --> 06:41.280 +answer. Repeat the answer, which will be + +06:41.280 --> 06:41.720 +given twice. + +06:44.660 --> 06:47.080 +Repeat. One. One. + +06:56.040 --> 06:57.440 +Two. + +07:05.840 --> 07:07.240 +Three. + +07:22.720 --> 07:28.840 +Askaya Four Agayas + +07:32.320 --> 07:33.020 +Agayam + +07:36.720 --> 07:38.120 +Five + +07:41.680 --> 07:43.080 +Achujas + +08:00.860 --> 08:04.940 +conversation at normal speed do not repeat + +08:04.940 --> 08:07.040 +listen for comprehension only + +08:13.100 --> 08:17.020 +uh, tohiku. End of lesson one. + +08:23.520 --> 08:25.720 +Lesson two, dialogue. + +08:27.660 --> 08:33.320 +Hello. See you. See you. See you. See you. + +08:37.380 --> 08:44.480 +See you. See you. C chain? C chain? Hello + +08:44.480 --> 08:49.020 +C chain? C chain? C chain? C chain? + +08:57.380 --> 09:04.680 +Do you speak English? C chain? C chain? C + +09:04.680 --> 09:08.820 +chain? No nagasə voniskti no one will + +09:08.820 --> 09:09.740 +leave you��은 + +09:30.260 --> 09:32.180 +depths呆ся medicina대 + +09:59.100 --> 10:00.620 +What is your name? + +10:19.480 --> 10:25.660 +My name is Bill Brown. I am Bill Brown. I + +10:25.660 --> 10:31.620 +am Bill Brown. I am Bill Brown. I am Bill + +10:31.620 --> 10:37.300 +Brown. I am Bill Brown. I am Bill Brown. I + +10:37.300 --> 10:44.640 +am Bill Brown. I am Bill + +10:44.640 --> 10:50.120 +Brown. I am Bill + +10:50.120 --> 10:55.520 +Brown. And you? What is your name? de + +10:55.520 --> 11:00.260 +neher aar kado rede do nye her nal kado + +11:00.260 --> 11:00.800 +weda do + +11:19.900 --> 11:27.120 +Any squirrel. On slowly, on slowly, on + +11:27.120 --> 11:35.440 +slowly, on slowly. On slowly. On slowly. + +11:36.520 --> 11:41.740 +On slowly. Do you want water? I musta + +11:41.740 --> 11:46.840 +dooly. I musta dooly. I musta dooly. I + +11:46.840 --> 11:54.620 +musta dooly. I musta dooly. I must doodly. + +11:56.100 --> 11:59.540 +I must doodly. Yes, I am thirsty for + +11:59.540 --> 12:04.260 +water. I'm marked to daggy. I'm marked to + +12:04.260 --> 12:09.920 +daggy. I'm marked to daggy. I'm marked to + +12:09.920 --> 12:10.240 +daggy. + +12:13.180 --> 12:14.480 +I'm marked to daggy. + +12:17.200 --> 12:19.000 +I'm marked to daggy. + +12:23.460 --> 12:30.120 +ah a monk today again here is water ah + +12:30.120 --> 12:33.620 +honey do a mom ah honey do a mom ah honey + +12:33.620 --> 12:34.400 +do a mom + +13:07.380 --> 13:11.820 +Additional vocabulary repetition. Repeat + +13:11.820 --> 13:16.560 +after each phrase. One. Hiya kanai + +13:16.560 --> 13:23.180 +gulosti. Hiya kanai gulosti. Hiya kanai + +13:23.180 --> 13:27.880 +gulosti. Two. Hiya yagi. + +13:30.260 --> 13:31.780 +Hiya yagi. + +13:35.260 --> 13:36.660 +Three. + +13:42.600 --> 13:44.000 +Four. + +13:46.340 --> 13:47.740 +Four. + +13:53.800 --> 13:55.200 +Five. + +14:02.920 --> 14:04.320 +Six. + +14:14.740 --> 14:15.400 +six + +14:28.080 --> 14:33.300 +question drill listen to the question and + +14:33.300 --> 14:35.920 +then give the answer Model. + +14:38.140 --> 14:41.820 +Is this a boy? Yes, it's a boy. + +14:45.820 --> 14:46.700 +One. + +15:08.820 --> 15:10.220 +Two. + +15:17.140 --> 15:20.440 +Three. Yagida Uh, + +15:23.660 --> 15:24.540 +Yagida + +15:29.000 --> 15:32.360 +Three Hiyas Kantoke + +15:36.660 --> 15:37.740 +Kantoke da + +15:41.640 --> 15:46.160 +Kantoke da Four. + +15:52.220 --> 15:53.620 +Five. + +16:27.940 --> 16:34.760 +Additional question drill. Model, what is + +16:34.760 --> 16:44.040 +this? A woman. One. . Again. . + +16:46.620 --> 16:47.880 +Again. . + +16:50.820 --> 16:56.100 +After each question, , give the one word + +16:56.100 --> 16:58.080 +answer which corresponds to the nouns in + +16:58.080 --> 17:05.260 +numbers one through six. One. . Kadavusti + +17:05.260 --> 17:08.780 +yaa. Kanagalausti. + +17:10.660 --> 17:19.820 +Kanagalausti. Two. Kadavusti yaa. Yagi. + +17:21.160 --> 17:29.880 +Yagi. Three. Kadavusti yaa. Kantoki. + +17:31.760 --> 17:36.340 +Kantoki. Four. . + +17:42.920 --> 17:44.320 +Five. + +17:46.660 --> 17:48.060 +. + +17:53.540 --> 17:54.940 +Six. + +17:56.800 --> 18:05.000 +. I'm here. Take two Lena. Take two Lena. + +18:06.460 --> 18:08.680 +Conversation at normal speed. Do not + +18:08.680 --> 18:14.220 +repeat. Listen for comprehension only. . . + +18:14.220 --> 18:15.300 +. . + +18:29.340 --> 18:32.440 +Listen once again. + +18:52.320 --> 18:55.840 +End of lesson two. + +19:05.040 --> 19:08.940 +Conversational Cherokee, lesson three. + +19:10.980 --> 19:15.760 +Dialogue with Mary and Charles. Hello, + +19:15.840 --> 19:33.700 +Charles. Hello, John. Hello, Mary. + +19:38.340 --> 19:39.480 +Hello, Mary. + +19:46.140 --> 19:54.900 +CO Mail. CO Mail. CO Mail. + +19:57.780 --> 19:59.420 +What are you doing? + +20:20.680 --> 20:23.480 +I'm working. + +20:29.420 --> 20:30.500 +Doggy left stony. + +20:33.640 --> 20:35.060 +Doggy left stony. + +20:38.720 --> 20:40.120 +Doggy left stony. + +20:44.620 --> 20:50.000 +Doggy left stony. What are you building? + +21:20.560 --> 21:24.520 +Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi + +21:24.520 --> 21:33.320 +Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga + +21:33.320 --> 21:34.180 +Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi + +21:37.560 --> 21:40.540 +Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi + +21:40.540 --> 21:44.600 +Jathaga + +21:44.600 --> 21:45.460 +Unniyasthi + +21:48.940 --> 21:52.920 +Give me a hammer. Ganai velocity has + +21:52.920 --> 21:55.300 +consumed. Ganai velocity has consumed. + +21:55.640 --> 21:57.460 +Ganai velocity has consumed. + +22:05.120 --> 22:07.000 +Ganai velocity has consumed. + +22:12.260 --> 22:14.080 +Ganai velocity has consumed. + +22:19.620 --> 22:25.060 +Do you want + +22:25.060 --> 22:25.560 +any nails? + +22:56.120 --> 22:59.680 +Yes, I want nails. + +23:34.660 --> 23:36.380 +Here are a hammer and nails. + +23:59.680 --> 24:01.540 +I have not done anything wrong. + +24:06.450 --> 24:08.500 +I have not done anything wrong. + +24:14.450 --> 24:18.440 +Thanks. Thanks. What don't? What don't? + +24:18.980 --> 24:27.040 +What don't? What don't? What don't? What + +24:27.040 --> 24:33.200 +don't? What don't? What don't? What don't? + +24:33.200 --> 24:33.980 +End of the dialogue. + +24:37.380 --> 24:42.280 +Additional vocabulary drill. One. Bill is + +24:42.280 --> 24:42.700 +working. + +24:52.680 --> 24:56.540 +Bill is speaking. Bill is speaking. + +25:01.480 --> 25:02.400 +Bill is speaking. + +25:06.920 --> 25:11.620 +Bill is building a house. We got so the + +25:11.620 --> 25:12.480 +honest game + +25:17.640 --> 25:19.980 +We got so the honest game + +25:23.420 --> 25:27.580 +For bill is thinking we are downtown + +25:32.300 --> 25:33.780 +We are downtown + +25:37.320 --> 25:40.380 +Five. Bill is helping. + +25:47.380 --> 25:48.560 +Six. + +25:52.920 --> 25:56.440 +Bill is sleeping. We'll go to sleep. + +26:01.420 --> 26:02.640 +We'll go to sleep. + +26:09.440 --> 26:12.780 +Question Drill You will hear the question, + +26:13.040 --> 26:18.100 +What is Bill doing? six times. Give a one + +26:18.100 --> 26:21.640 +-word answer using the verb found in the + +26:21.640 --> 26:24.080 +corresponding numbers of the additional + +26:24.080 --> 26:25.160 +vocabulary drill. + +26:29.070 --> 26:33.100 +One. What's your name, Will? + +26:36.240 --> 26:37.780 +Too long, Mr. Donner. + +26:41.000 --> 26:45.360 +Too long, Mr. Donner. Two. + +26:48.460 --> 26:49.920 +What's your name, Will? + +26:53.700 --> 27:02.600 +Go on me. Go on me. Three. Go on me. + +27:05.560 --> 27:08.260 +Go on me. Go on me. Go on me. Go on me. Go + +27:08.260 --> 27:11.940 +on me. Go on me. Go on me. Go on me. Go on + +27:11.940 --> 27:21.960 +me. Go on me. Go on me. Go on + +27:21.960 --> 27:22.380 +me. + +27:28.900 --> 27:32.320 +Five. Six. Ten. + +27:35.780 --> 27:37.220 +Twelve. Thirteen. + +27:42.600 --> 27:43.280 +Fourteen. + +27:51.680 --> 27:52.360 +Fifteen. + +28:02.360 --> 28:05.180 +Dialogue at normal speed. Do not repeat. + +28:05.420 --> 28:07.220 +Listen for comprehension only. + +28:27.080 --> 28:29.240 +End of lesson three. + +29:05.800 --> 29:07.200 +Thank you. + +29:13.180 --> 29:15.540 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/nj963cm2696_em_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/nj963cm2696_em_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f730a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/nj963cm2696_em_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,2069 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:07.720 --> 00:26.360 +《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯 + +00:26.360 --> 00:38.780 +》《天之涯》《天之涯》向各位祝贺伟大校庆一百周年感到非常非常荣幸北京大学的学生们对于 + +00:38.780 --> 00:52.400 +考试的时间和教育的时间和这方面的问题我们将一起协助并且将更深入地理解美国大学的学生们 + +00:52.400 --> 01:10.040 +也有兴趣和兴趣在北京大学的100周年祝福我希望我们这个学校能够在下一个世纪仍然继续 + +01:10.040 --> 01:13.980 +我们这个一百年或一千年的传统 + +01:25.280 --> 01:26.880 +我爱你 + +01:41.640 --> 01:47.440 +亲爱的电视机前的观众朋友们各位光临现场的北京大学的校友们大家好 + +01:51.420 --> 01:59.720 +我是李勇非常地高兴也是非常地荣幸今天能够在这里在我们中央电视台的演播大厅和大家共同来 + +01:59.720 --> 02:07.700 +制作这一期百年一遇的北大校友联谊会那首先呢我来介绍一下这位呢是我们北京大学最年轻的博 + +02:07.700 --> 02:19.900 +士生导师之一的教授严纯华先生大家好那这位甜美少女啊是我们北大法律系95级的本科生孙红 + +02:19.900 --> 02:29.600 +霞同学大家好大家好那今天这个联谊会呢就由我们三个人呢来为大家共同主持百年一遇对今天的 + +02:29.600 --> 02:40.180 +北大来说的确名副其实这个日子与我们每一个北大校友息息相通因为我们每个北大人都有一段难 + +02:40.180 --> 02:52.060 +以忘怀的生命历程与北大百年历史中的某个片段相重合我相信此时此刻我们每一位北大校友都会 + +02:52.060 --> 03:05.620 +因此而快乐而自豪是不是啊校友们作为学生我也非常庆幸能在这个时候遇上北大的百年滑蛋并将 + +03:05.620 --> 03:14.980 +同他一起步入新的世纪在这里请允许我代表所有的北大学生向海内外所有的北大校友们向我们的 + +03:14.980 --> 03:24.300 +师哥师姐们问声好让我们一起一起向北京大学我们共有的精神家园道一声生日快乐 + +03:28.000 --> 03:36.260 +今天非常荣幸的是还有一些我们北京大学过去的老学长 老学友也光临到了我们的现场欢迎他们 + +03:36.260 --> 03:49.460 +的到来原人大常委会副委员长北大校友雷杰琼女士人大常委会副委员长北大校友彭佩芸女士全国 + +03:49.460 --> 04:01.140 +政协副主席北大校友罗豪才先生东方学家北大校友纪献林先生北大校长中科院院士陈嘉尔教授北 + +04:01.140 --> 04:11.820 +大党委书记任燕生教授北大党委副书记赵存生教授人民教育出版社编审北大校友张中情先生 + +04:31.200 --> 04:46.320 +快走啊要上课了不忙不忙教授还没到呢至少要晚十分钟还是快走吧密苏托王李等等等等我呀你们 + +04:46.320 --> 04:57.000 +要去听谁的课呀古侯明先生的英国文学那怪老头的课呀听听很有意思的哦这个尊孔派呀我可不去 + +04:57.000 --> 05:06.900 +凑那份热闹还不如去听钱玄同先生的文字学那多较劲啊那我们道不同学相应大路朝天各走一边各 + +05:06.900 --> 05:17.260 +听各的课去你这么一说我可偏要去听了怎么了我倒要听听他到底荒谬到什么程度好啊 小批判家 + +05:17.260 --> 05:29.280 +那咱们就走吧走吧你怎么还慢吞吞的呀不着急呀对不起几位先生的课比人不感兴趣我还是去炮图 + +05:29.280 --> 05:34.200 +书馆吧最近来了一批新书正在那读呢那随你便不理他 + +05:43.220 --> 05:44.220 +万山荒郊 + +05:55.080 --> 05:56.920 +主君 + +06:03.120 --> 06:25.640 +与今日之讲英语诗实乃夕阳之十嫂夜西洋之诗一同言律一如唐宋之诗词因而逐君欲学西洋之诗必 + +06:25.640 --> 06:42.080 +有文言诸位文言所传之道乃是孔孟痴人的礼仪教而西洋语言宣扬的是德赛尔先生这才是救国的良 + +06:42.080 --> 06:54.260 +方当今世界生机勃发早就已经没有文言的立足之地了文言自秦汉起就已经与口语分开了不易普及 + +06:54.260 --> 07:10.640 +如果继续使用势必影响文学的发展文化的进步乃至民族的强大而今有小辈欲将文言以试经理语代 + +07:10.640 --> 07:26.300 +之粗俗不堪 笔漏浅薄中国国民素质之低正在于文字的难懂西洋语言横横排版从左至右这也符合 + +07:26.300 --> 07:38.640 +人的生理习惯我国的古书却是竖排不易阅读应当彻底废弃祖宗执法偏废道学西洋未开化之术真是 + +07:38.640 --> 07:53.720 +本末倒置满口祖宗道统有什么新意还不如去听听钱先生别忙 再听听吧不听了 不听了文言早 + +07:53.720 --> 08:04.360 +已经是江化的死的语言怎能再用它来创作活文学而汉字字形复杂更难为人所认识所以最后我们必 + +08:04.360 --> 08:09.440 +定要改方块字为拼音才能使中国文化得以发展 + +08:13.760 --> 08:27.020 +以字母代替汉字简直荒谬至极那我们岂不都成洋人了诸君总而言之言而统之文言不当废道统不可 + +08:27.020 --> 08:36.180 +变下课文言当废白话当兴乃是历史发展之必然下课 + +08:53.700 --> 08:59.560 +你不是我的敌人恕子 不足以谋二位 且慢 + +09:03.180 --> 09:18.160 +蔡校长蔡校长蔡校长蔡校长蔡校长蔡校长我想大学之为大也在于囊括大典恍若重家对新旧各派兼 + +09:18.160 --> 09:34.840 +容并包有利于学术研究的发展和学生的独立思考正如中庸所云万物并育而不相害道并行而不相背 + +09:34.840 --> 09:35.120 +吗 + +09:41.920 --> 09:49.400 +非常荣幸呢能够在母校的百年滑蛋之际扮演我们敬爱的老校长蔡元培先生而今天呢我们北大的现 + +09:49.400 --> 09:53.660 +任校长陈嘉尔先生也来到了观众席上我们请陈校长说几句话好不好 + +09:59.320 --> 10:12.700 +我觉得我们的蔡校长提出来啊学术自由 金融并包是为了引进科学民主改革进步真正的一个核心 + +10:12.700 --> 10:22.320 +是为了振兴中华为了我们国家的繁荣富强所以我们一定要要继承我们北大的这样的传统为振兴中 + +10:22.320 --> 10:27.140 +华做出我们北京大学北大人的应有的贡献谢谢大家 + +10:33.760 --> 10:44.320 +我常常被许多白发苍苍的老教授那纯净的眼神平和的微笑所打动他们淡泊名利无怨无悔地坚守在 + +10:44.320 --> 11:00.560 +北大这个精神家园里今天在这里请允许我代表所有的同学们向您道一声老师辛苦了黎明 黎明 + +11:00.760 --> 11:16.940 +黎明 黎 + +11:16.940 --> 11:24.700 +明 + +11:56.840 --> 12:06.940 +一年三岸 + +12:11.240 --> 12:16.340 +林教授您在北大教书已经这么久了感受最深的是什么 + +12:19.100 --> 12:29.680 +我觉得这几十年在北大教书感觉感受最深的就觉得是比较辛苦在北大这个一个学术空气非常浓厚 + +12:29.680 --> 12:39.680 +的一个学校里面你教书啊如果不辛苦啊不拿出的百倍努力啊是不行的不论是在国内国外还是在国 + +12:39.680 --> 12:48.300 +内各地遇到自己的过去教过的学生有的我的名字都不记得了但是他们看到我以后总是很热情很亲 + +12:48.300 --> 12:54.720 +切的这给我很伤心我很受感动那我觉得我几十年的这一年的辛苦还是值得的 + +13:22.980 --> 13:37.460 +将来不但是全国最好的学校要全世界最好的学府这是我的期望希望北京大学第一保留真正的教学 + +13:37.460 --> 13:51.480 +自由的精神第二要研究中国本身传统的最好的学问也要研究全世界从古以来的最好的学问这一点 + +13:51.480 --> 14:02.160 +精神北大本来有现在还要保存还要发扬下去希望北大能够形成一个文科的中心不只是全国而且全 + +14:02.160 --> 14:11.400 +世界的一个文科的中心这个英文是百年孝庆所以是百寿图祝母校生日快乐 + +14:21.740 --> 14:44.360 +无声无息的你你曾经问我的那些问题如今再没人问起分给我眼抽的胸底分给我快乐的往昔你总是 + +14:44.360 --> 14:51.000 +猜不对我手里的硬币摇摇头说这太神秘 + +14:53.240 --> 15:12.940 +你来的信写得越来越科技关于爱情你只字不提你说你现在有很多的朋友却再也不为那些事忧愁你 + +15:12.940 --> 15:27.740 +问我几时能一起回去看看我们的宿舍 我们的过去你刻在墙上的字依然清晰从内事忘记 就没有 + +15:27.740 --> 15:29.680 +人能杂去 + +15:47.480 --> 16:05.960 +你说每当你回头看夕阳红每当你又听到晚钟从前的点点滴滴会涌起在你来不及难过的心里睡在我 + +16:05.960 --> 16:27.860 +伤骨的胸底睡在我寂寞的回忆你曾经问我的那些问题不仅在没人问起那些问题不仅在没人问起 + +16:41.400 --> 16:50.340 +站在我身边的这两位尊敬的学长们就是地质学系五二届的赵鹏大校友和崔盛勤校友那么赵老师我 + +16:50.340 --> 17:02.740 +能问一下在您学生时代给您印象很深的让您至今还难以忘怀的同窗好友是谁吗当然记得因为我们 + +17:02.740 --> 17:11.820 +那个时候每个班的学生很少弟子系是北大理学院最大的一个系也不过才六十几个人不过我想更 + +17:11.820 --> 17:22.920 +重要的是因为我们是在中华民族发生大转折的伟大历史时期走进北大校园我想最难忘的是这么两 + +17:22.920 --> 17:32.500 +件事情一个是迎接解放一个是开国大典这两件事情我们作为北大地质系学生都积极参加了这也 + +17:32.500 --> 17:41.940 +就是为什么我们这一届的同学在相聚的时候就有一种格外的亲切和特殊的这么一种激情我想在座 + +17:41.940 --> 17:49.200 +的可能也有和我们一样同一个班的校友坐在一起也有他们最难忘的时刻吧有吗 + +17:52.780 --> 18:03.220 +刚才赵老师讲的呢他们是在一个北大新旧社会交替的时候入学的那么我们作为小平同志主持恢复 + +18:03.220 --> 18:11.220 +高考以后的第一批大学生那么我们十分争执我们到北大学习的机会当时在北大的时候我觉得就是 + +18:11.220 --> 18:22.760 +那种学习的氛围非常的浓郁我们班的有同学甚至外号就叫拼命门会主任然后每天他们早晨踏着晨 + +18:22.760 --> 18:31.780 +雾去卫明湖畔读外语然后晚上宿舍都熄了灯之后他们还在路灯的下面去看书学习当时我的感触 + +18:31.780 --> 18:44.060 +非常的深我觉得我一定要北大好好地学习我们当时可以说是带着巨大的这个使命感和自豪感进入 + +18:44.060 --> 18:58.720 +北大学习的可以说历史给我们创造了机会我们又用自己的行动这张图表里面有一个 + +18:58.720 --> 19:04.040 +很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是 + +19:04.040 --> 19:08.600 +这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有 + +19:08.600 --> 19:09.900 +一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事 + +19:09.900 --> 19:14.440 +就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面 + +19:14.440 --> 19:21.220 +有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故 + +19:21.220 --> 19:34.900 +事排球赛全校的同学几乎全部都关注着这场电视转播我记得我们都是在一块看着电视是吧经过艰 + +19:34.900 --> 19:45.320 +苦的熬战我们中国队终于胜利了冲出了亚洲同学们非常激动激动的心情可以说是无以言表于是就 + +19:45.320 --> 19:56.880 +在校园里狂欢游行 喊口号大家先喊是中国队万岁然后又喊中国万岁后来有个同学建议他说我们 + +19:56.880 --> 20:07.800 +换个口号喊团结起来为中华的崛起而奋斗我当时说这个口号好挺好太长了不好喊我们就喊团结起 + +20:07.800 --> 20:17.100 +来振兴中华吧大家说都一直同意于是就喊了起来没想到这个口号不进而走没过几天吧就传遍了全 + +20:17.100 --> 20:18.980 +中国而且一直传到了今天 + +20:29.460 --> 20:36.680 +好 团结起来振兴中华这是一个多么令人振奋的口号啊虽然小二十年过去了但是现在听起来呢 + +20:36.680 --> 20:43.980 +还是那么的熟悉今天的中国已经发生了很大的变化我觉得呢今天这已经不是一个简单的口号了它 + +20:43.980 --> 20:54.100 +应该是时代的声音民族的新生我身边这几位呢就是从海外学成归来的北大的校友们欢迎你们到来 + +20:54.100 --> 21:04.440 +在这里我想问你们同样一个问题就是你们为什么要回国我想还是离不开北京和北大这里有我的家 + +21:04.440 --> 21:15.660 +人有我的老师我的同仁和学生也有我的事业北大已经完全融在了我的血液里谢谢回到自己的祖国 + +21:15.660 --> 21:25.020 +回到自己的家是不需要什么理由的19年前我也跟刚才那个小师弟一样我15岁踏进了北大所以 + +21:25.020 --> 21:34.980 +我想是北大培育了我那么我在国外学成回到北大回到祖国是理所当然的了虽然我在德国待了很长 + +21:34.980 --> 21:40.640 +时间但我从来没想过我不回来回国对我来说是很自然的事情 + +21:44.040 --> 21:51.220 +我觉得这个国家需要我我也需要这个国家这么多年我走了很多地方但是我还觉得这里更像个家 + +21:54.120 --> 22:00.980 +国家的变化那么快发展那么快那么我认为如果是说自己的事业有所发展那么最好的选择就是回来 + +22:00.980 --> 22:02.220 +所以我回到了北大母校 + +22:05.400 --> 22:10.860 +因为为什么回国有一个根本的原因就是离不开这片国土对我个人来说还有一个很重要的原因就是 + +22:10.860 --> 22:21.020 +离不开自己的母校 北大好 谢谢你们看来学生回国也是有传染性的虽然我不是北大人但是今天 + +22:21.020 --> 22:28.780 +在这里我和你们能够欢聚一堂感到由衷地高兴我也由衷地为北大也为你们而感到自豪 + +22:33.780 --> 22:43.060 +同是北大人林毅夫先生是在台湾读完的大学1979年他回到了北京在北京大学读完三年书后又 + +22:43.060 --> 22:51.380 +去了美国1992年他应母校之邀又回到了北京和几位从海外学成归来的学友共同创建了中国经 + +22:51.380 --> 23:02.080 +济研究中心今天林先生也来到了现场你好 林先生那么我想问问您您回祖国最初是基于怎么样的 + +23:02.080 --> 23:13.700 +一个考虑呢我想是中国重新富强起来是所有北大学生的共同愿望那祖国的重新截取只有在改革开 + +23:13.700 --> 23:22.740 +放以后这一二十年才不是一個遙不可及的夢所以我覺得呢作為我們這一代的北大學生是最幸運的 + +23:24.020 --> 23:33.600 +因為 這一代北大學生所共同追求的目標有可能在我們這一代人的努力下實現因此 我珍惜這個 + +23:33.600 --> 23:38.220 +為祖國的文化建設 經濟建設做點事的機會 + +23:45.820 --> 23:53.860 +提起祖国呢我想每一个人的脑海中的概念恐怕不是一样的它有时候呢像一首美妙的歌曲有的时候 + +23:53.860 --> 24:03.200 +呢祖国像一位慈祥的母亲有的时候呢就是活生生的鲜红的五星红旗那么最近呢这个唐师曾啊写了 + +24:03.200 --> 24:10.060 +一本书书面上呢是他抖开他那个摄影背心啊上面有个巨大的五星红旗唐师曾啊说到这儿呢你 + +24:10.060 --> 24:23.200 +是不是对国旗有一个更多的更深的理解国旗关键时刻是救我命的所以我这儿写国旗因为中东有 + +24:23.200 --> 24:34.360 +的人不认识我写一个英文新华news agency写一个阿文一看中国新华社之类然后现在 + +24:34.360 --> 24:46.900 +中国老爱一般人老爱说国旗上的鲜血是用烈士鲜血染成的一说到烈士鲜血老想到士兵其实还有农 + +24:46.900 --> 24:53.320 +民 工人还有好多北大毕业的这些我觉得他们也是烈士刚烈之士 + +24:57.460 --> 25:06.280 +完了 最近我写了一本书那书是海湾战争以后的第二本书我写一个献给我母校北大因为如果北大 + +25:06.280 --> 25:08.440 +不教我我青蛙手就不会要我 + +25:12.380 --> 25:20.380 +就是没有北大没有祖国呢这个唐师曾啊也走进不了这个金字塔我走金字塔我还其实那个罗校长罗 + +25:20.380 --> 25:34.040 +校长去开罗做过个大吉普我这里边写大吉普忘了写罗校长了好 谢谢 谢谢谢谢在过去了的海湾 + +25:34.040 --> 25:39.940 +战争的时候呢你深入虎穴啊拍回了很多精彩的报道啊也是你有了一个特殊的经历那么听说你在海 + +25:39.940 --> 25:47.760 +湾地区呢遇到了很多的校友能不能给我们讲一讲那种他乡遇故人的感觉如果我能够比其他外国记 + +25:47.760 --> 25:59.140 +者或者其他同行机会更多一点是因为我在中东许多地方碰见了我的校友比如伊拉克仅举伊拉克为 + +25:59.140 --> 26:06.940 +例先从那边说吧伊拉克五官助理李天天法律系七九级是我师弟 + +26:11.540 --> 26:18.440 +这是曹鹏麟武官陆军少将是巴格达武官曹武官的爸爸是曹景华老先生 + +26:22.260 --> 26:33.200 +这是对我帮助最多的巴格达父母官中国驻巴格达大使郑达勇我听说当时在战场上很多人都往外跑 + +26:33.200 --> 26:42.560 +只有两个人在往里冲一个是唐师曾一个就是你李天天为什么呢怎么说呢有需要是军人的职责要我 + +26:42.560 --> 26:51.380 +往前去好 谢谢您我听说在巴格达的时候有一段非常好听的关于国旗的故事能不能给我们讲一讲 + +26:52.240 --> 27:05.700 +好当时在海湾战争时期当时是比较危急的我们使馆需要保护的我们就在使馆最上层的一个房顶上 + +27:05.700 --> 27:16.460 +画了一面非常大的国旗朝向蓝天这也就是说我们在这一面红旗下来紧张地工作那面国旗有多大的 + +27:16.460 --> 27:26.700 +尺寸呢有五六十准确地说不上大概有五六十左右的平方米的那么一个大国旗那就空中的战机可以 + +27:26.700 --> 27:27.760 +清楚地看到它了 + +27:31.520 --> 27:42.780 +在科威特工作的劳务人员当时除了我国的劳务公司的劳务人员之外还有130多个台湾中华工程 + +27:42.780 --> 27:57.180 +公司的劳务人员他们在撤离的时候先找了台湾的代表台湾的代表说我置身难保你们自求平安吧结 + +27:57.180 --> 28:07.880 +果他们又找了美国的使馆又找了英国的使馆都被拘置门外在没有办法的情况下找到我们的使馆而 + +28:07.880 --> 28:21.820 +我们呢替他们办妥了一切手续然后送给他们一面五星红旗他们就打着这面五星红旗最后平安地返 + +28:21.820 --> 28:29.600 +回了家园他们的感慨感慨地说还是大陆同胞亲呢 + +28:36.280 --> 28:43.680 +爱临鸟 + +28:46.000 --> 28:54.240 +从南天飞过 + +29:01.080 --> 29:09.320 +阿弥陀 + +29:09.320 --> 29:13.840 +佛 + +29:43.440 --> 30:19.900 +我爱你中国我爱你中国我爱你春天蓬勃的阳光我爱你秋日尽头的双光我爱你行从其至我爱你 红 + +30:19.900 --> 30:48.060 +梅丁河我爱你 江山临天中梦想如居自然走过你寻我我爱你 钟楼我爱你中国 + +30:50.140 --> 31:02.260 +我要把最美的歌献给你我的母亲我的祖国 + +31:17.720 --> 31:27.680 +我要妈妈我的儿子给你我的母亲 + +31:28.960 --> 31:32.400 +我的女儿 + +31:52.400 --> 32:03.500 +你留学回来开始不就是在北大当教授对不对对不对一直到八十年代你不是还给北大带学生吗 + +32:05.260 --> 32:16.400 +是不是教外语你前几年还把你的著作不送到北京大学图书馆了吗你跟北京大學有70多年的交情 + +32:16.400 --> 32:32.620 +了是不是對不對對那麼你對北京大學有什麼希望我希望北京大學的教授不要借掛 + +32:35.400 --> 32:52.600 +第二教授實際要有自找要写东西一下要给小生帮忙写这种东西什么都可以观众朋友这里是中央电 + +32:52.600 --> 33:02.280 +视台北京大学建校一百周年校友联谊会欢迎继续收看今天在座的都是北京大学的校友你看有同学 + +33:02.280 --> 33:12.920 +有同宿舍的还有师生那我想这其中肯定还有夫妻肯定有这样的夫妇有请卢晓菲 朱晓明夫妇有请 + +33:19.780 --> 33:27.320 +那今天都是给他的校友你们两个人能不能给大家讲一讲你们当时的这个恋爱经过大家好 + +33:32.320 --> 33:42.320 +我们俩在大学二年级的时候就比较好不过那个时候 + +33:42.320 --> 33:59.680 +并没有向老师和同学们公开我们俩的关系大学毕业的时候正赶上西藏要求见一批大学生我们俩就 + +33:59.680 --> 34:13.060 +报了名在那安了家谈到结婚那也和进藏有关系我们是在毕业之后进藏之前结了婚因为考虑到要去 + +34:13.060 --> 34:20.420 +西藏如果不结婚呢到那儿就不太方便这样我们就在进藏之前结了婚但是这个情况并没有告诉西藏 + +34:20.420 --> 34:27.540 +所以接受单位呢有点措手不及人家以为呢接受了一个大学生没想到来了一对还得临时安排住房 + +34:31.000 --> 34:40.740 +我在西藏待了11年他在西藏待了13年我们给女儿起了一个藏族名字叫朱玛她在拉萨小学读了 + +34:40.740 --> 34:44.580 +一个学期我们的女儿现在也在北大就读 + +34:49.900 --> 34:59.560 +北大从50年代开始就有一批又一批的北大校友义无反顾地走上了支援西藏建设西藏的道路在 + +34:59.560 --> 35:08.680 +不同的年代不同的岗位上为建设西藏发展西藏做出了自己的贡献把自己最宝贵的青春年华献给了 + +35:08.680 --> 35:20.080 +青藏高原现在我们来认识一下他们有请我来向大家介绍一下他们前面的三位是60年代的北大毕 + +35:20.080 --> 35:33.660 +业生这位是最高人民法院的副院长李国光他在西藏生活和工作了24年这位是中国西藏杂志的主 + +35:33.660 --> 35:49.520 +编廖东凡他在西藏也生活和工作了24年这位是中国文联的刘诗意同志他在西藏工作了7年17 + +35:49.520 --> 36:01.700 +年少说了10年这位是北京市文物局的张文生他在西藏工作了6年 + +36:05.540 --> 36:20.020 +这位是团中央书记处的书记胡春华你在西藏工作了15年收到了一份新华通讯社社长郭超仁先生 + +36:20.020 --> 36:29.380 +发来的贺电贺电是这样的在北京大学一百周年校庆之际作为北京大学五十年代后期的毕业生我感 + +36:29.380 --> 36:38.840 +谢母校对我的培养和教育我衷心祝愿母校以崭新的风采迈向21世纪在未来的岁月里取得更大的 + +36:38.840 --> 36:39.300 +辉煌 + +36:42.600 --> 36:50.400 +还有90年代毕业的校友他们从遥远的拉萨带来了向母校和校友们的问候 + +36:59.140 --> 37:06.980 +用一个词来描述信息时代里所发生的变化的话那么不可思议也许是最恰当的中华听众朋友欢迎收 + +37:06.980 --> 37:15.060 +听城市广讲我是主持人李威大家好 我是李威这是我的妻子孙德基北大的老师和同志们你好那么 + +37:15.060 --> 37:21.380 +今天非常高兴能有这样一个机会在美丽的圣城拉萨和我们的亲老小友们我们一起度过我们每一个 + +37:21.380 --> 37:30.020 +北大人一生难忘的日子我们百年孝庆那么从我们走出北大到走上社会吧可以说现在特别是在西藏 + +37:30.020 --> 37:36.300 +这一个特殊地区可以说我们经历的也有不少森林古老的东西全部之类都有但是无论如何请勿相 + +37:36.300 --> 37:44.540 +放心我们每一位在西藏的北大同学我们没有丢北大的脸我们一直在努力他们只能先看一个常数那 + +37:44.540 --> 37:44.700 +就是 + +37:53.260 --> 37:59.660 +这是母校百年华战之际不能亲自到宴宴感受节日的气氛实在是平生一大憾事感谢中央电视台给了 + +37:59.660 --> 38:05.580 +我这样一个机会我再次请向曾经教育过我的各位市长表示衷心的感谢祝大家身体健康扎西德勒 + +38:21.600 --> 38:53.360 +是谁带来远古的火花是谁留下千年的祈赞难道说还有梦魇的梦还是那叫做不能当怀的天 + +38:58.120 --> 39:14.220 +我看见一座座山一座座山川一座座山川 + +39:50.380 --> 39:59.800 +走进北大西校门向南拐在一池和风绿树掩映的池塘南岸有一处叫韶源的地方那就是我们北大的留 + +39:59.800 --> 40:10.100 +学生楼许多年来北大作为享誉世界的名牌大学不仅为中国培养了大批的优秀人才而且也吸引了来 + +40:10.100 --> 40:19.960 +自世界各地的留学生们今天我们的北大校友波兰大使齐焕武先生也带来了对母校的问号从北大 + +40:19.960 --> 40:31.620 +开始就是我的住在生活的开始住在中国生活的开始我在中国已经过了23年我对所有的我可以理 + +40:31.620 --> 40:51.800 +解我对所有的北大的感情是非常深的我来自新加坡我来自加拿大韩国和澳大利亚去找纪念哟你有 + +40:51.800 --> 41:10.220 +黑眼睛我有黄头发安妮琳达阿曼诺夏克鲁奇哟我进了北大我又有一个家哦 忘了义父 我学会 + +41:10.220 --> 41:26.560 +中国王哦 进了少年 我共有一个家哦 改了名字 我学会中国王我叫大山 我叫大洋我叫大山 + +41:26.560 --> 41:41.660 +洋我叫大中 我叫大华我叫大中华我背单词 我背孙子 哥哥又爸爸我唱演唱 我唱京剧 咿咿 + +41:41.660 --> 41:56.900 +又呀呀我穿长袍 我穿马褂 鸡了又他啦我弹琵琶 我吹唢呐 狐狸又哇啦我来自新加坡 我来 + +41:56.900 --> 42:16.820 +自加拿大韩国和澳大利亚直到极黑呀你有黑眼睛我有黄头发安妮琳达阿曼诺塞巴鲁基亚进了北大 + +42:16.820 --> 42:36.680 +我又有一个家玩了音符我学会做娃娃进了校园我们共有一个家哦 开了名字我学会中国话小胡同 + +42:36.680 --> 42:51.760 +里找对眼四合院里看年华大样的牛的眼发花带起整脸的嘴发麻尝了麦串糖葫芦喝了喝口大碗茶带 + +42:51.760 --> 43:08.460 +香味醇薄焦子拿起筷子吃烤鸭南疆北调说老家阴阳怪气喊大妈分手来去面见见面问声吃了吗少原 + +43:08.460 --> 43:41.660 +上 少原岛一滴水滋润着天下的花上元上 上元到天下的泉水 照管着他进了北京 我又有一个 + +43:41.660 --> 43:57.940 +家混了一度 我学会中国话我进了校园 我能有一个家我改了名字 我学会怎么忘 + +44:08.560 --> 44:16.940 +前两天在北大的时候呢有一位许多年前在北大读过书的校友告诉我这样一件事曾经有一个很长一 + +44:16.940 --> 44:25.220 +段时间他在每天清晨都可以看到朱光潜先生在卫明湖畔跑步当时朱先生已经过了冒跌之年了而且 + +44:25.220 --> 44:35.840 +身体非常的瘦小最让这位校友终身难忘的是朱先生跑步的姿势由于非常的年迈了朱先生与其说是 + +44:35.840 --> 44:46.480 +在跑步还不如说是在一步一步地挪动他的身体总是在向往前探着双手张开两只眼睛炯炯有神地望 + +44:46.480 --> 44:57.180 +着前方由此我们想到北大的精神对北大人来说北大的精神不仅是一种响亮的口号或是一种深邃的 + +44:57.180 --> 45:08.060 +思想也是一种平时的人生和豁达的气质也是同学间永远好学的精神是老教授脸上那智慧的笑容也 + +45:08.060 --> 45:17.600 +正向朱光潜先生努力向前的身影我想那一切才是我们北京大学有血有肉的精神家园 + +45:41.380 --> 45:52.140 +一世人间 现真相熟悉而我心不变 终何寻 + +45:54.320 --> 46:09.120 +一世长年 两万千年中文字幕志愿 + +46:09.120 --> 46:14.840 +者 李宗盛 + +47:06.780 --> 47:40.040 +洪楼飞雪一世迎接先知曾书写爱过尽不命中可选一世长平一世草原兩端間諜黃鴿從今為世世山下 + +47:40.040 --> 47:56.580 +大海百年歸我們來自江南帥隊一家人相見我們朝向山上見到 + +48:13.460 --> 48:24.740 +中文字幕志愿者 杨 + +48:24.740 --> 48:26.540 +栋梁 + +48:45.300 --> 48:56.220 +中文字幕志愿者 李宗盛 + +49:40.140 --> 49:50.140 +这所我国历史上最早诞生的大学开创了我国教育史上的诸多底一北京大学创办于1898年最早 + +49:50.140 --> 49:58.180 +叫京师大学堂1902年10月14号京师大学堂举行了建校以来的第一次招生考试当时的考试 + +49:58.180 --> 50:07.700 +科目有史论 地理 政治 教设算学 理化 国文 共七门考生成绩评定采用百分之每科60分 + +50:07.700 --> 50:16.220 +为及格这也是中国高等院校规定以60分为及格计算学生成绩的开始1904年 京师大学堂选 + +50:16.220 --> 50:24.280 +出47名学生出国留学其中31人到日本 16人到欧洲这是京师大学堂派出的第一批留学生 + +50:24.780 --> 50:32.380 +1905年4月24号京师大学堂举行了第一届运动会这也是中国近代高等学校举行的第一次运 + +50:32.380 --> 50:40.940 +动会1907年京师大学堂试学馆和师范馆招收的第一批学生毕业3月13号在大学堂举行了隆 + +50:40.940 --> 50:49.920 +重的毕业典礼这也是我国教育史上第一次举行学生毕业典礼1920年2月王岚 西真 扎小元 + +50:49.920 --> 50:58.520 +三位女青年经校长蔡元培同意进入北京大学成为旁听生7月正式招收包括三名女青年在内的九名 + +50:58.520 --> 51:07.960 +本科女生这是中国高等院校最早的男女生同校以后中国各高等院校也开始男女生同校这是中央台 + +51:07.960 --> 51:19.580 +报道的日前香港青年社团联盟组织400名香港论坛在北京中国大饭店降下了帷幕来自世界著名 + +51:19.580 --> 51:26.560 +学府的100多位校长们我们在会上探讨了21世纪人类高等教育的发展趋势首先请看我们的记 + +51:26.560 --> 51:35.680 +者发自大会现场的报道世界著名大学校长论坛5月2日至3日在中国大饭店举行本次论坛的召开 + +51:35.680 --> 51:43.780 +得到了国内外高等教育界的热烈反应出席会议的是一批与北京大学有着广泛合作关系的世界著名 + +51:43.780 --> 51:51.120 +学府的校长来自包括英国牛津大学 美国斯坦福 伯克利 日本东京大学等60余所大学此外 + +51:51.120 --> 51:58.120 +20多所国内的著名大学校长以及一些高等教育问题专家也参加了会议5月2日上午论坛举行了 + +51:58.120 --> 52:03.200 +隆重的开幕式国务院副总理李燃清到会并发表了热情洋溢的讲话 + +52:21.360 --> 52:24.940 +对各位的光临表示欢迎 + +52:29.120 --> 52:42.220 +并且预着这次论坛会议取得圆满成功李兰清副总理在讲话中肯定了北京大学为开拓知识的疆域促 + +52:42.220 --> 52:50.720 +进中国学术与社会的进步做出的重要贡献他还指出高等教育的发展核心是学术和人才此后他又重 + +52:50.720 --> 52:53.180 +申了中国政府在教育问题上的观点 + +53:20.100 --> 53:34.200 +中国的高等教育在2014期一定会在中国的发展中发挥应有的很更大的作用开幕之后在会议短 + +53:34.200 --> 53:42.140 +暂的休息时间里记者发现此次会议的确已成为世界高等教育界的交流中心各大学似乎都希望通过 + +53:42.140 --> 53:50.660 +这次机会阐述自己在教育问题上的见解了解其他学校的动向并寻求合作的机遇称之为教育界盛会 + +53:50.660 --> 53:59.360 +毫不过分此外各媒体对会议反应之热烈使主办单位严格控制了记者人数但在休息时间的每一分钟 + +53:59.360 --> 54:08.280 +里各校长都成为了追踪的目标此次会议的通用语言为英语并且完全没有任何翻译这使得这次会议 + +54:08.280 --> 54:16.740 +并不再有浓厚的庆典色彩而更合乎国际学术会议的标准此次大会共同探讨了21世纪人类高等教 + +54:16.740 --> 54:25.920 +育发展的趋势共分为四个主要的议题二十一世纪大学的地位和作用二十一世纪的教学战略二十一 + +54:25.920 --> 54:35.340 +世纪大学与社会的联系二十一世纪大学的管理与财政事务北京大学校长 牛津大学校长斯坦福大 + +54:35.340 --> 54:45.700 +学校长俄国圣彼得堡大学校长等在大会上宣读了论文在一九九七年的牛津大学曾经发生过这样一 + +54:45.700 --> 54:53.860 +件事情一位沙特阿拉伯的富翁为牛津大学捐助了3400万美金却意外地被牛津大学拒绝了这 + +54:53.860 --> 55:01.460 +件事情在世界教育界引起了非常大的争论支持牛津大学这一方的人认为牛津大学保持了学术上的 + +55:01.460 --> 55:09.600 +独立性学校的主要目的是为社会服务而不是挣钱而反对一方的意见认为牛津大学放弃的不仅仅是 + +55:09.600 --> 55:18.400 +3400万美金更重要的是他们放弃了一个超过剑桥成为英国第一的机会今天在世界大学校长的 + +55:18.400 --> 55:30.800 +论坛上学校的资金与管理问题再次成为讨论的焦点我首先觉得牛津大学有一点是对的因为学校是 + +55:30.800 --> 55:42.540 +为社会服务的而不是挣钱的他们坚持这条原则是对的但是如果是在这个原则下面如果能够确保 + +55:42.540 --> 55:57.820 +我們教育跟學術研究的自主性那麼多渠道的來籌措學校辦學的資源是可以理解的也是可以採取的 + +55:57.820 --> 56:08.200 +我知道像美國的哈佛大學它有兩百人的隊伍為學校籌措資金斯坦福大學也是如此所以我覺得特別 + +56:08.200 --> 56:22.780 +在我們國家雖然國家對北京大學這樣的大學給了可以說是重點的支柱 支持但是離開我們的需要 + +56:22.780 --> 56:31.520 +是遠遠不過的特別是要辦成一流的大學這是很花錢的教育是很花錢的事那麼在您的任期之內北大 + +56:31.520 --> 56:38.360 +資源集團是建立起來了而且北大方程的銷售額也在突破猛進而且據消息說您說北大這次辦校慶也 + +56:38.360 --> 56:47.620 +得到了社會各方面財力物力的支持那麼您是不是北大歷史上最能掙錢的一位校長當然北大自己的 + +56:47.620 --> 57:00.680 +財力當時的勢力正在增長但是我相信隨著國家的富強國力的增強我的將來未來的繼承者會比我更 + +57:00.680 --> 57:10.780 +有辦法更有實力您的意思是您是空前了但是沒有絕後这个话怎么讲因为我们的经济确实是发展得 + +57:10.780 --> 57:25.540 +很快现在要跟十年前比那增加得多了您的大学里是否也面临财政问题呢是的 非常多的问题现在 + +57:25.540 --> 57:33.380 +世界上没有一个大学不面临财政问题一方面我们尽力说服我们自己我们需要更多的钱我们总是 + +57:33.380 --> 57:43.680 +需要更多的钱来支持我们的学生这当然也是事实在所有国家里更多的钱来自私人所以我们既吸收 + +57:43.680 --> 57:53.340 +来自政府的钱也吸收个人捐助的资金看起来许多的研究机构需要钱当然我也希望高等教育变得更 + +57:53.340 --> 57:54.040 +强大一些 + +58:09.460 --> 58:21.360 +我希望的金錢是高級教育的是從政府那裡來的還是從私人那裡來的錢更多一些呢從斯坦福大學的 + +58:21.360 --> 58:30.220 +情況來看是從私人那裡來的更多一些從政府來的錢對於我們來說只是夠做研究用的這大約是40 + +58:30.220 --> 58:34.140 +%左右其余的钱就来自私人的捐助 + +58:46.480 --> 58:58.560 +我们也拒绝了不少的募款的赚款因为他们要影响我们的独立住宿权我们宁愿不要这个钱但是要保 + +58:58.560 --> 59:07.700 +持我们自己的学校的独立的性格这个我想在美国也很普通的但是有许多事情并不是那么所谓黑板 + +59:07.700 --> 59:18.420 +分明有很多这个很细节所以要非常之小心维持一方面一定要在财政方面要开源但另外一方面要维 + +59:18.420 --> 59:26.900 +持一个学校固有的这个独立的性格所以很多新的问题产生那么您觉得学校开源最好的办法是什么 + +59:26.900 --> 59:37.940 +我想开源不外乎好几个一个是跟社会要结洽得很好比如说在美国的话或者西方国家有过人的赚款 + +59:38.500 --> 59:49.420 +是一个很大宗的然后公司行号跟学校的合作的赚款然后还有政府各个不同的机构但最主要的还 + +59:49.420 --> 01:00:02.560 +是我今天讲的不是钱的问题而是要把学校的它的作用 它的想法 它的前瞻性把它跟校外的人能 + +01:00:02.560 --> 01:00:14.880 +够沟通这样的话自然而然比如我有许多时候去不是为了赚钱但是跟很多富有的公司行号或者过人 + +01:00:14.880 --> 01:00:24.880 +谈到我们学校的发展情况他们都是慷慨截然几百万美金就给的我想所以最主要的问题还是一个理 + +01:00:24.880 --> 01:00:32.940 +念的问题我们最主要的就是一方面要去开拓裁员就是多做点产业学合作当然我们也希望社会各界 + +01:00:32.940 --> 01:00:41.520 +能够多给我们点资助因为我们是企业办的大学所以我们很有这个企业的精神那您觉得大学作为 + +01:00:41.520 --> 01:00:48.740 +一个企业的话它社会服务或者赚钱哪一个更重要呢其实我想当然是最主要是社会服务不过社会服 + +01:00:48.740 --> 01:00:56.240 +务的话也需要有资源所以这两个其实相辅相成那您所说的大学的资源您觉得最重要的是什么呢最 + +01:00:56.240 --> 01:01:03.880 +重要当然是人力资源我们需要有最好的教授最好的职业统人还有最好的学生有消息说北京大学将 + +01:01:03.880 --> 01:01:13.040 +在近日合并北京医科大学和北京航空大学这意味着这所综合大学的实力将变得更为强劲而在论坛 + +01:01:13.040 --> 01:01:20.500 +上另一个重要的议题就是大学的定位问题许多专家认为不是所有的大学应该办得大而全更重要 + +01:01:20.500 --> 01:01:29.820 +的是办成一流的大学那么假如你说是不是将来会变成一个大而全的缺少了一些比如说法律啊医学 + +01:01:29.820 --> 01:01:39.220 +这些是不是将来不会是非常非常全面的那答案是会的但是我们虽然不搞医学院不搞法律学院不搞 + +01:01:39.220 --> 01:01:49.800 +建筑学院但是我们在我们的边缘都是跟一些专攻这些方向的研究型大学是合作非常紧密比如说 + +01:01:49.800 --> 01:01:59.500 +我们跟北大就会合作非常紧密那么我们就不需要在某些方面跟北大竞争了而是互补了您是否认为 + +01:01:59.500 --> 01:02:02.520 +校际间的合作在新的世纪里会显得非常重要呢 + +01:02:05.920 --> 01:02:14.780 +非常重要比如从1996年我们就开始了和北京大学的合作我们和当时的校长陈嘉尔签订了合作 + +01:02:14.780 --> 01:02:15.200 +的协议 + +01:02:20.480 --> 01:02:32.660 +您认为和北大的合作是否成功呢是的我们有一个非常好的开端我们的合作几乎没有什么困难我们 + +01:02:32.660 --> 01:02:37.100 +可以利用现代通讯技术相互交换科学研究方面的信息 + +01:02:40.120 --> 01:02:51.820 +您觉得研究工作和教学工作哪个对于大学来说更重要一些呢我觉得你很难把这两者分割开来像宾 + +01:02:51.820 --> 01:03:00.960 +夕法尼亚州州里大学或者北京大学我们都在培养非常好的学生我们就需要有很好很新的知识而这 + +01:03:00.960 --> 01:03:04.640 +只能建立在现代化的科学研究的基础之上 + +01:03:14.460 --> 01:03:19.180 +有人说英特网有一天会取代大学教育您对此持什么看法呢 + +01:03:23.960 --> 01:03:32.740 +我想英特奈特可以做一部分的事情但不能取代大学做的任何事情我想Internet的主要作 + +01:03:32.740 --> 01:03:41.440 +用就是传播和交换信息但是大学做了更多的工作不仅仅是传播和交换信息大学创造了知识 更新 + +01:03:41.440 --> 01:03:42.020 +了知识 + +01:03:50.040 --> 01:03:57.180 +今天在各大学校长演讲中最频繁出现的一个词语就是Challenge 挑战许多报告中指出 + +01:03:57.180 --> 01:04:04.020 +如果高等教育不顺应时代的发展进行某种变革或者调整的话那么高等教育将面临的不仅仅是挑战 + +01:04:04.020 --> 01:04:12.140 +而是问题与威胁许多与会者认为这次大会的成功举办将对中国乃至世界21世纪高等教育的发展 + +01:04:12.140 --> 01:04:20.400 +带来深远的影响中国报道记者张全林在会议现场报道观众朋友上百名著名学府的校长们会集北京 + +01:04:20.400 --> 01:04:27.240 +引起了国内外传媒乃至中国政府世界教育界的高度重视此次活动的规模之大北大层次之高在中国 + +01:04:27.240 --> 01:04:35.500 +教育史上上书首次4月29日国家主席江泽民在北大逗游长达近三个小时用他自己的话来说他是 + +01:04:35.500 --> 01:04:43.440 +去为北大校庆增添气氛的明天他还将出席在人民大会堂举行的北大百年校庆的庆典并发布重要的 + +01:04:43.440 --> 01:04:51.860 +讲话这一切使得北大的校庆不再是北大或者是教育界的一件盛事而成为中国科教新国战略的一种 + +01:04:51.860 --> 01:04:58.040 +表白好 今天的节目就到这里结束了欢迎明天继续收看我们对北大消情的报道 + +01:05:41.120 --> 01:05:50.000 +4月10号刚刚组建的新一届中国男兰来到山海关某部队开始了为期十天的军训生活14名队员 + +01:05:50.000 --> 01:05:57.280 +被分成两个班有两名部队教官担任班长负责训练工作新兵武营头一课是对联训练 + +01:06:00.760 --> 01:06:09.400 +为什么我们要反复地练不断地练就是为了从对联训练中培养我们一种严肃尽力勇敢万象的作风良 + +01:06:09.400 --> 01:06:16.600 +好的追星姿态和气质希望大家理解对联训练的目的这样思想认识好了我们对联训练才能达到效果 + +01:06:21.540 --> 01:06:32.660 +不要快这些人高马大的队员穿的是定做的特大好迷彩服但是脚上的鞋却无法统一装备任人一眼就 + +01:06:32.660 --> 01:06:39.140 +看出这不是正规军一二三四一二一一一 + +01:06:44.720 --> 01:06:46.740 +开开开开 + +01:06:49.500 --> 01:06:57.180 +看到国手打军体拳时笨手笨脚的样子也许会怀疑他们在球场上是怎么做出那些令人眼花缭乱的高 + +01:06:57.180 --> 01:06:57.880 +难动作的 + +01:07:32.320 --> 01:07:41.120 +上午的训练内容完成之后班长要对大家的表现做一番小节加强纪律性革命无不胜唱歌也是加强纪 + +01:07:41.120 --> 01:07:42.580 +律性的一种有效的方式 + +01:07:46.740 --> 01:08:01.040 +我们唱一首这段讲演唱的音乐郭定英的连队预备唱郭定英的连队郭定英的兵郭定英的思想红彤彤 + +01:08:01.040 --> 01:08:21.140 +郭定英的子弹张着眼郭定英的刺刀血染红冲击像狂风剑手向铁掌撑国民的年轻英雄多国民的战士 + +01:08:21.140 --> 01:08:26.640 +洋洋红今天上午的训练就到这个地方加油 + +01:08:34.180 --> 01:08:41.100 +来到军营后中国南岚的队员们先后学会了十首部队革命歌曲 + +01:08:48.920 --> 01:08:57.480 +部队的歌曲呢我教了一部分二班长也教了一部分我们互相的我们轮流地教他们对经过的时候比较 + +01:08:57.480 --> 01:09:07.240 +感兴趣第一天兴趣挺高但是实际教的时候特别激动一唱起来呢就感动就唱不出来了声音比较小 + +01:09:07.240 --> 01:09:19.320 +没有气我是一个兵坐我是一个兵凡是参加过军训的人都会对开饭前的歌音比赛记忆深刻唱得越响 + +01:09:19.320 --> 01:09:24.320 +开饭就越早因此这时候的歌声往往是一天中最嘹亮的 + +01:09:42.460 --> 01:09:50.240 +中国男男在居英里享受的唯一特殊待遇是在饭桌上每人每天15元的伙食标准是他们在部队招待 + +01:09:50.240 --> 01:09:59.740 +所吃的颇为丰盛但是与平时训练局运动员造相比油水显然不够在吃过军营的第一顿饭之后队员们 + +01:09:59.740 --> 01:10:03.960 +就把小麦布仅有的两箱而且还是过期的蜂蜜面全都买走了 + +01:10:09.860 --> 01:10:17.700 +军营里的业余生活是单调的14个人同住的一间大屋子里打发时间的方式却只有两种看电视和玩 + +01:10:17.700 --> 01:10:18.120 +游戏机 + +01:10:27.020 --> 01:10:33.300 +来军营已经整整五天了大伙都盼望着有机会能够走出去呼吸一下军营外的空气 + +01:10:46.360 --> 01:10:54.480 +30公里拉链对中国南岚的小伙子们来说是一次严峻的考验平时在球场上连续跑两三个小时同家 + +01:10:54.480 --> 01:10:59.840 +常便饭但是现在让他们走上一天大伙普遍感到体力透支 + +01:11:04.700 --> 01:11:16.040 +感觉怎么样啊弟感觉总的来说还行为什么要总的来说还行当然走了十多公里肯定还是比较疲劳 + +01:11:16.440 --> 01:11:25.700 +但是这种走法还是第一次觉得比较新鲜也是考验一下自己像这种困难挑战一下 + +01:11:30.320 --> 01:11:36.400 +尽管每个人都疲惫不堪但是只能咬牙坚持阿迪江的右脚摸出了血泡 + +01:11:45.720 --> 01:11:55.080 +枪对男人来说总是拥有不可抗拒的诱惑力没有摸过枪的战士更算不上是一名真正的军人有弹架卡 + +01:11:55.080 --> 01:12:02.740 +绳这个东西叫弹架卡绳它往前面勾住然后下放往后一带下来卸的时候有点分解的时候利用这个右 + +01:12:02.740 --> 01:12:07.700 +手的肉后部分顶住这个卡绳然后向前一推它就掉了 + +01:12:12.360 --> 01:12:19.280 +别看这些队员估计都是国内篮坛响当当的人物可以拿起枪来简直就像一群顽皮的孩子 + +01:12:39.120 --> 01:12:46.680 +实弹射击这一天也许是队员们在整个军训期间最快乐最投入的时刻了没有过枪营等于白来军营一 + +01:12:46.680 --> 01:12:50.880 +趟可像姚明这么个打法简直是在浪费子弹 + +01:13:00.720 --> 01:13:10.800 +哪个是我打的三个八两个八一个两个八一个这儿打坏的吧没有看指导怎么样打完的打完的他要几 + +01:13:10.800 --> 01:13:24.820 +环啊二号九环三号零环四号七十七环六号零环作为体育项目来讲呢它是这个要求能够达到一个极 + +01:13:24.820 --> 01:13:35.200 +限在极限当中你去努力去完成这个项目那在这个军训当中就不一样了所以考验一个人的精神一个 + +01:13:35.200 --> 01:13:42.600 +人的这个意志没有一致品质做基础你也成不了一个优秀运动员所以跟这个部队的这个要求是符合 + +01:13:42.600 --> 01:13:47.660 +的那以后还想军训吗想期待下一次军训是不是对 + +01:14:07.240 --> 01:14:09.800 +请别着装惊我 + +01:14:23.820 --> 01:14:35.420 +北大是一部书北大是一幅历史的长卷北大是一首文明的史诗1898年在戊戌变法的血与火中中 + +01:14:35.420 --> 01:14:45.780 +成立的北京大学标志着中国现代高等教育的开端是中国新文化运动的中心是五四运动的发祥地是 + +01:14:45.780 --> 01:14:56.500 +传播民主科学思想和马克思主义的最初基地北大是一部书这本书浓缩了中华民族百年的求索百 + +01:14:56.500 --> 01:15:06.720 +年的抗争百年的奋进今日北大继承悠久传统融会时代精神星光灿烂只是瞩目 + +01:15:15.740 --> 01:15:29.220 +這是一塊神奇的土地多少人魂牽夢繞多少人意望作為中國最高學府的北京大學現在位於北京西郊 + +01:15:29.220 --> 01:15:42.180 +的海淀區這裡曾是清代的皇家園林历史的人文景观与今日的人才汇翠凝聚成永恒的精神魅力鲁迅 + +01:15:42.180 --> 01:15:53.400 +先生概括北大的校格的时候说北大是常为心的今日的北京大学经过不断创新与发展逐渐确立了它 + +01:15:53.400 --> 01:16:04.340 +在中国教育界和学术界的崇高地位并且以一流的教学质量杰出的学术成就和深沉的文化底蕴飞升 + +01:16:04.340 --> 01:16:20.860 +中外科学 民主 爱国 进步一种光荣而博大的传统在这里生根发芽勤奋 严谨 求实 创新一 + +01:16:20.860 --> 01:16:25.520 +种开放而鲜活的氛围在这里绵延不绝 + +01:16:29.740 --> 01:16:42.160 +北京大学拥有着全国最强的师资力量作为吸引人才的家园和培养人才的摇篮这里名师云集 群星 + +01:16:42.160 --> 01:16:56.540 +璀璨形成了北京大学一种特有的风博深邃的智学品格和学术精神在目前的三千多名教师和科研人 + +01:16:56.540 --> 01:17:11.720 +员中有教授866人副教授801人中国科学院院士中国工程院院士29人博士生导师530人 + +01:17:12.980 --> 01:17:26.060 +教授和博士生导师人数均居全国高校首位成为全国高等院校中学科水平顶尖教育质量优秀国家重 + +01:17:26.060 --> 01:17:33.760 +点学科最多中国科学院院士居冠国际联系最为广泛的一所大学 + +01:17:36.820 --> 01:17:48.620 +许多国际著名的政治家社会活动家诺贝尔奖获得者等各界知名人士都是今日北大的名誉博士或者 + +01:17:48.620 --> 01:18:04.220 +名誉教授在北大百年辉煌的记录中一代又一代学问风波人品崇高的老师培养了一代又一代好学深 + +01:18:04.220 --> 01:18:20.920 +思全面发展的学子白发的先生和黑发的学子共同创造出了一项又一项高水平的科研成果百年来北 + +01:18:20.920 --> 01:18:35.300 +大培养出十几万学子其中许多人都成为卓有建树的专家学者领导干部这些优秀的人才为祖国的发 + +01:18:35.300 --> 01:18:49.600 +展与进步居功尽瘁 呕心沥血在北大学习或者工作过的师生当中成为中国科学院和中国工程院院 + +01:18:49.600 --> 01:19:04.000 +士的就有近四百人从中国科学院学部委员到国务院学位委员会委员以及学科评议组成员包括国家 + +01:19:04.000 --> 01:19:17.200 +级有突出贡献的中青年专家和许多合作教授与兼职教授使今日北大成为一座比大海还宽广比天空 + +01:19:17.200 --> 01:19:19.820 +还深邃的思想宝库 + +01:19:28.080 --> 01:19:43.280 +今日北大即人文科学社会科学自然科学工程技术科学管理科学教育科学等多种学科为一身目前 + +01:19:43.280 --> 01:19:55.660 +已经拥有8个学院另外还有22个系87个本科生专业148个硕士生专业101个博士生专业 + +01:19:55.660 --> 01:20:10.240 +总计学生23900多人今日北大秉承蔡元培校长兼容并包思想自由的办学原则吸纳各科学领域 + +01:20:10.240 --> 01:20:23.400 +的发展成绩为一流人才的成长提供了广阔的空间今日北大既真实传统又放眼未来面对瞬息万变的 + +01:20:23.400 --> 01:20:34.640 +现代社会今日北大积极推进教学改革对现在开设的一千九百多门本科生课程和一千九百多门研究 + +01:20:34.640 --> 01:20:46.500 +生课程总计3800多门课程进行了梳理规范与合并并且有步骤地重点扶持一批机干课程 素质 + +01:20:46.500 --> 01:21:01.660 +课程和精品课程以淡化专业分流培养为方针努力探索人才培养模式和途径本科生可以同时攻读主 + +01:21:01.660 --> 01:21:14.500 +修和辅修两个专业开办文科和理科综合试验班对优秀学生实施通才教育等等都是今日北大教育教 + +01:21:14.500 --> 01:21:28.020 +学改革的重要尝试特别是邓小平理论课的开设受到学生们的好评今日北大正在逐步建立一个面向 + +01:21:28.020 --> 01:21:34.060 +21世纪的学科体系将展示出一个全新的教育格局 + +01:21:40.020 --> 01:21:48.540 +欲穷千里目更上一层楼穷心壮志的北大人准备再创下个世纪的辉煌 + +01:21:51.280 --> 01:22:04.700 +从教学规模到教学环境今日北大都呈现出一种日新月异的态势一种朝气蓬勃的景象良好的教学设 + +01:22:04.700 --> 01:22:15.440 +施和先进的仪器设备作为现代化的教学条件成为今日北大教学环境又一个最显著的方面北京大学 + +01:22:15.440 --> 01:22:28.080 +211工程首批建设36个项目其中学科建设21项基础教学建设13项从数学科学中心实验室 + +01:22:28.080 --> 01:22:40.500 +到现代化工实验室从多媒体制作实验室到文科计算机教学实验室和理科危机实验室从电教语言教 + +01:22:40.500 --> 01:22:53.980 +室到视觉与听觉实验室从物理到化学从地理摇杆信息到环境污染与控制从生命科学与生物工程到 + +01:22:53.980 --> 01:23:06.100 +核物理与核技术突出优势与重点学科优化与合理配置资源充分体现出国家把北京大学列为重中之 + +01:23:06.100 --> 01:23:17.500 +重 优先支持的宏伟构想通过这良好的教学环境和先进的教学条件可以看出国家创建世界一流大 + +01:23:17.500 --> 01:23:28.960 +学实施科教新国的战略眼光从一定的意义上说它也代表了当前中国教育环境和教育条件的最高水 + +01:23:28.960 --> 01:23:29.260 +准 + +01:23:45.920 --> 01:24:01.660 +漫步渊源新与旧中国与西方历史与未来自然与人文奇迹般的水乳交融交融成一首悠扬的乐章交融 + +01:24:01.660 --> 01:24:18.160 +成一幅绚丽的画卷交融成一篇婉转的诗歌美国友人艾德加斯诺说过这是世界上最美的校园小小的 + +01:24:18.160 --> 01:24:31.200 +卫明湖被北大师生当作海洋绕湖一周飞檐抖角尽入眼底小桥流水目不暇击燕园风景是所有北大人 + +01:24:31.200 --> 01:24:45.180 +心灵深处永不褪色的一张老照片北大刚一成立的时候呢它就是就取代以前的进士制度就取代以前 + +01:24:45.180 --> 01:24:58.280 +的科举制度所以那时候有人就管北大叫做近视官我原来是燕京大学但是我的老师之一引导我走上 + +01:24:58.280 --> 01:25:07.480 +现在道路的是北京大学毕业的北大是我一生理想的所在从很小的时候就希望能够长大以后到北大 + +01:25:07.480 --> 01:25:19.120 +读书我觉得这样一所学校确实是一个学习的理想之地北大的一个卫面湖的灵气确实应用了一代的 + +01:25:19.120 --> 01:25:30.200 +学者和培养了一代的学子当时北大的传统就是说是最好的老师教基础课是我一年级三门主课就是 + +01:25:30.200 --> 01:25:43.660 +当时的一级教授江振寒先生到北大以后看到北大许多有名的教授他们学诗声音深渊他们博学多才 + +01:25:44.240 --> 01:25:59.580 +他们的求学的精神给我也很大的影响不大的尊光你去识别虽然简单但是不大的教师教科都是非常 + +01:25:59.580 --> 01:26:09.860 +认真的可以说是北京大学把我推向了世界舞台的因为我现在从事的是国际关系的教学和研究我们 + +01:26:09.860 --> 01:26:19.100 +这一百多年里头我们文史这各个系产生了一大批著名的学者或者是我们今天讲的大师吧我这一生 + +01:26:19.100 --> 01:26:32.640 +啊在北大我是四六年来的到现在是五十二年超过半个世纪他们的工作手法他们的教育那个逆境的 + +01:26:32.640 --> 01:26:43.960 +态度他们对这个科研逆境的这种政气啊那种刻苦择念啊那种中文啊这个不大的校风非常好北京大 + +01:26:43.960 --> 01:26:56.320 +学的学术气氛很浓而且不仅仅是浓北京大学的学术气氛是很自由虽然我是毕业在吉林大学但北大 + +01:26:56.320 --> 01:27:05.620 +待了43年自己感觉也是北大人是这块土地上很多上热情的手帮着我迈出了成长过程中非常关键 + +01:27:05.620 --> 01:27:18.020 +的一步我去这深深地感觉到北京大学作为一所百年的老校确实有着它非常深厚的文化和科学的底 + +01:27:18.020 --> 01:27:27.240 +蕴当然北大也有压力这压力就来自于它是一个地中的很优秀的学者在这所以每天都不敢放松自己 + +01:27:27.240 --> 01:27:41.420 +总觉得每天都觉得一种压力我毕业的那一年正是北京大学庆祝50周年我毕业了就留校工作到 + +01:27:41.420 --> 01:27:52.720 +现在呢就要庆祝一百周年了北大所学习成长战斗几乎可以这么说一生将会成长 + +01:27:56.700 --> 01:28:05.040 +有乐家深的了解也会有乐家深的感情唯一的一个愿望就是怎么样北京大学扮成世界一路的一所社 + +01:28:05.040 --> 01:28:15.020 +会主义大学能够为实现中国科教新国的战略能够做出更大的贡献北大百年孝兴之际一座雄伟古朴 + +01:28:15.020 --> 01:28:27.860 +的现代化多功能新图书馆又拔地而起迁就图书馆浑然一体新文化运动的倡导者胡适说过大学之大 + +01:28:27.860 --> 01:28:30.780 +一个重要标准是必须 + +01:28:35.660 --> 01:28:49.200 +我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我 + +01:28:49.200 --> 01:28:57.200 +可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出 + +01:29:19.260 --> 01:29:29.960 +请不吝点赞 订阅 转发 打赏 + +01:29:29.960 --> 01:29:46.800 +支持明镜与点点栏目在这座图书馆里年轻的学子们与不同时空的大师们精神沟通 心灵撞击中华 + +01:29:46.800 --> 01:29:54.500 +文明的精华 世界文明的精华如百川归大海在这里汹涌澎湃 + +01:30:03.700 --> 01:30:16.340 +北京大学的地质博物馆又是一个一彩分成的世界采自全国各个省市自治区的岩石以及世界一些地 + +01:30:16.340 --> 01:30:30.660 +区的标本仿佛都在献身说法叙述着宇宙的形成和地球科学的发展几十年的辛勤积累两千多件展品 + +01:30:30.660 --> 01:30:43.460 +的丰厚管存使这里成为地质教学与科研的重要设施而且也成为国际学术交流的重要场所几代北大 + +01:30:43.460 --> 01:30:52.420 +学者风里来雨里去的身影在这里定格几代帝制人的汗水在这里结晶 + +01:31:01.380 --> 01:31:14.520 +帝制博物馆珍藏了自然界的鬼斧神工考古与艺术博物馆都展示了中国艺术的博大精深北京大学赛 + +01:31:14.520 --> 01:31:25.860 +克勒考古与艺术博物馆的藏品主要是中国旧石器时代至明清时期的历代文物以及中国考古学教学 + +01:31:25.860 --> 01:31:40.700 +和研究标本它是全国高校中最大的考古及文物馆具有良好的教学条件和优越的学术环境博物馆与 + +01:31:40.700 --> 01:31:50.200 +西欧 俄罗斯 日本 韩国 印度等多次进行国际交流与世界考古教学和考古科研接轨 + +01:32:07.940 --> 01:32:20.960 +祖风流人物 环探今朝今日北大有着自己新一代生机勃勃的学子除了书山有路 琴为镜学海无涯 + +01:32:21.080 --> 01:32:32.920 +苦作周的求学生活北大学生还拥有丰富多彩的课余生活北大校园的社团活动充满了盎然生机和青 + +01:32:32.920 --> 01:32:44.320 +春的活力精彩分成的学术讲座充满智慧的演讲比赛百花齐放的文化节竞争激烈的体育竞技形成了 + +01:32:44.320 --> 01:32:57.140 +独特的校园文化现有的八十个学生社团无论在数量上还是在质量上都走在了高校前列校园文化的 + +01:32:57.140 --> 01:33:06.660 +活跃发展不仅使学生从中获取了知识和技能而且在这个第二课堂中陶冶了勤操 磨练了意志 增 + +01:33:06.660 --> 01:33:18.640 +长了才干同时也体现了北大多学科环境给学生带来的积极影响鲜明的个性 特殊的才华在北大都 + +01:33:18.640 --> 01:33:21.080 +能得到淋漓尽致的发挥 + +01:33:25.060 --> 01:33:36.840 +今日北大是开放的北大北大的留学生数量居全国高校之首来自五大洲四大洋的洋学生们无论是金 + +01:33:36.840 --> 01:33:49.740 +发碧眼的还是黑皮肤卷头发的全都深爱上了这座校园留学生当中既有本科生又有进修生既有硕士 + +01:33:49.740 --> 01:33:59.900 +生又有博士生和研究学者从文科专业扩展到理科专业对于促进中外文化交流相互了解有着重要的 + +01:33:59.900 --> 01:34:09.720 +意义从文史哲到数理化甚至一道包饺子都在外国留学生的学习课程中体现了今日北大的特色 + +01:34:15.140 --> 01:34:26.980 +今日北大的另一优势就是重点实验室的建设水平和整体规模目前全校总共拥有各类实验室116 + +01:34:26.980 --> 01:34:40.860 +个这其中国家重点实验室和重点学科专业实验室共16个列有国家级工程研究中心两个这使今日 + +01:34:40.860 --> 01:34:52.660 +北大不仅成为中国重要的教育中心同时也使它成为中国重要的科学研究基地坚持理论与实践相结 + +01:34:52.660 --> 01:35:04.380 +合坚持为经济建设中心服务在继续保持基础学科传统优势的同时着重发展应用研究特别是高科技 + +01:35:04.380 --> 01:35:12.160 +研究方面科研成果层出不穷许多方面都已经达到甚至超过国际先进水平 + +01:35:22.180 --> 01:35:34.600 +今日北大在文理科研究方面都做出了重大贡献一本接一本的学术专注功课难关 填补空白从国家 + +01:35:34.600 --> 01:35:44.860 +科技进步奖到世界各种国际奖不仅写入了今日北大的史册也载入了人类科学与文明的史册 + +01:35:49.640 --> 01:35:59.380 +科技是第一生产力科研成果转换成生产力在北大已经蔚然成分今日北大在校办高科技产业方面 + +01:35:59.380 --> 01:36:10.380 +已经形成了以学校雄厚的基础研究和硬研究为源头的产学研相结合的高科技产业格局不仅为北大 + +01:36:10.380 --> 01:36:16.640 +做出了重要贡献也为中国高科技产业的振兴走出了一条成功之路 + +01:36:21.200 --> 01:36:32.840 +与国际著名大学建立学术交流关系把高水平的外籍专家学者请进来有效地促进教学科研和学科的 + +01:36:32.840 --> 01:36:43.600 +发展这是今日北大又一种开放式风范今从1996年到1997年北大就聘请来自19个国家和 + +01:36:43.600 --> 01:36:55.640 +地区的外国专家299人1997年北大主办协办的国际会议就达17次初期会议的境外学者6 + +01:36:55.640 --> 01:36:59.820 +34人在国内外引起了广泛影响 + +01:37:02.640 --> 01:37:15.640 +今日北大是一所开放型的大学它隶俗中国放眼世界扎根历史 眺望未来北大已经与遍布全球的 + +01:37:15.640 --> 01:37:26.920 +140多所著名大学建立了校级关系进行了卓有成效的教学与科研的合作互相促进 互相补充 + +01:37:27.040 --> 01:37:42.420 +互相学习双方都取得了长足的进步北大走向世界 世界关注北大北大是一部书从昨天翻到今天还 + +01:37:42.420 --> 01:37:54.220 +将从今天翻到明天每一页都记录下了北大人的光荣每一页都记录下了北大人的骄傲每一行字里都 + +01:37:54.220 --> 01:38:00.020 +隐藏着动人的故事每一行字里都蕴含着美好的理想 + +01:38:05.760 --> 01:38:19.880 +北大属于中国北大属于世界古老而年轻的北京大学在它未来漫长的岁月里必将为人类的文明做出 + +01:38:19.880 --> 01:38:22.280 +更加辉煌的共存 + +01:38:46.980 --> 01:39:03.400 +北京大学北京大学是中国人最优秀的大学我们的大学是中国人最优秀的大学北京大学是中国人最 + +01:39:03.400 --> 01:39:16.120 +优秀的大学我们的大学是中国人最优秀的大学我们在北京大学不仅想向北京优秀但也想要提供 + +01:39:16.120 --> 01:39:34.400 +我们期待北京和麦吉尔在下来的年代进行更严谨的合作北京大学在这一年纪念100周年在它们 + +01:39:34.400 --> 01:39:47.320 +的分别历史上北京大学也是一个独立的在中国的社会和政治进步中是一个非常重要的动力在中国 + +01:39:47.320 --> 01:39:56.500 +的社会和政治进步中北京大学成为了中国最高学府的中心学位在今年創立110年它是一个非常 + +01:39:56.500 --> 01:40:10.340 +重要的成果这是北京大学的优秀在这一年来它成为了高中的目标 + +01:40:12.640 --> 01:40:26.760 +北京大学有深厚的中华文化传统办学一百年使固有的文化发扬光大它是一个地方在哪里有传统的 + +01:40:26.760 --> 01:40:35.160 +中华文化和现代的中国是更加密切的在这一百年您的学校在世界上受到最高的关注是世界各地的 + +01:40:35.160 --> 01:40:43.120 +教育者和其他领导人所提供的对于北京大学的100周年庆祝我们非常重要地将这次的机会展示 + +01:40:43.120 --> 01:40:55.380 +在我们两个大学之间以继续建立更强烈的关系我们将更深入地与北京大学的关系并且将更深入地 + +01:40:55.380 --> 01:40:58.480 +与 + +01:40:58.480 --> 01:41:20.760 +北京大学的关系两大学都会成为一个进步的基础我们希望 + +01:41:20.760 --> 01:41:35.080 +这次的一年这次的交易会继续发展北京大学的学生和学生会有长久的生活在此时,我希望表达 + +01:41:35.080 --> 01:41:44.900 +我的信心和真实希望,在这一百年之内,我们将不但领导北京大学的影响,也将领导我们的心。 + +01:41:45.380 --> 01:41:57.140 +我祝你一切顺利,以你未来的工作进行在下一个世纪。至于未来的事,重要的是不只是预测,而 + +01:41:57.140 --> 01:42:15.220 +是让它成功。进驻北京大学学术精进校运昌隆我希望 + +01:42:15.220 --> 01:42:25.140 +能够恭喜所有在北京大学和北京大学 + +01:42:25.140 --> 01:42:39.660 +的同志自己繼續發揮帶頭作用從事科教新國的大業北京大學也為了一個大國的服務就像在印度它 + +01:42:39.660 --> 01:42:49.560 +也成為了一種國際發展的源頭我們在印度在4月4日在這重要的一天上來敬你北京大學的期待在 + +01:42:49.560 --> 01:42:54.520 +這個世紀中我會在這裡乾杯乾杯 + +01:43:51.240 --> 01:43:54.120 +字幕志愿者 杨栋梁 + +01:44:23.100 --> 01:44:24.440 +字幕志愿者 杨栋梁 + +01:44:28.780 --> 01:44:37.240 +江泽民主席代表党中央国务院并以他个人的名义道会祝贺发表讲话中共中央总书记国家主席江泽 + +01:44:37.240 --> 01:44:45.780 +民在讲话中强调指出北大在长期发展和斗争历程中形成的爱国进步民主科学的光荣传统显示的不 + +01:44:45.780 --> 01:44:54.340 +断钻研求实创新向上的优良学风生动的体现了中国人民自强不息开拓进取的民族精神也是北大永 + +01:44:54.340 --> 01:45:03.560 +保生机的重要动力这种优良传统和精神动力要永远发扬光大江泽民说今天是五四青年节五四运动 + +01:45:03.560 --> 01:45:10.900 +的精神最根本的就是中华民族爱国主义精神当代中国的广大青年要继续继承和发扬五四运动的光 + +01:45:10.900 --> 01:45:19.240 +荣传统努力担当起振兴中华的历史使命创造出无愧于时代和人民的业绩江泽民在讲话中向北大同 + +01:45:19.240 --> 01:45:27.360 +学和所有高等院校的大学生向全国各界青年提出了四点希望坚持学习科学文化与加强思想修养的 + +01:45:27.360 --> 01:45:35.780 +统一坚持学习书本知识与投身社会实践的统一坚持实现自身价值与服务祖国人民的统一坚持树立 + +01:45:35.780 --> 01:45:44.380 +远大理想与进行艰苦奋斗的统一他说祖国的未来是无限美好的青年的未来也是无限美好的祖国和 + +01:45:44.380 --> 01:45:52.260 +民族的希望寄托于青年希望广大青年和全国人民一道在党的基本理论和基本路线指引下同心同德 + +01:45:52.260 --> 01:46:01.720 +勇于开拓向着新世纪前进向着现代化的光辉目标前进向着中华民族的伟大复兴前进教育部部长陈 + +01:46:01.720 --> 01:46:09.380 +志力宣读了教育部的贺信联合国秘书长安南也发来贺信他高度赞扬了北京大学对中国的科学文化 + +01:46:09.380 --> 01:46:17.360 +生活所产生的巨大影响大会开始前江泽民等党和国家领导人还会见参加了庆祝大会的80多位海 + +01:46:17.360 --> 01:46:26.160 +外大学校长和著名科学家这是中央台报道的对于许多中国学子来说能考上北京大学是他们一生的 + +01:46:26.160 --> 01:46:33.620 +光荣今天4万多名来自世界各地的北大毕业生代表聚集到他们梦中的母校用各种方式表达他们对 + +01:46:33.620 --> 01:46:40.860 +北大的眷恋之情所以今天的北大可以称得上是群贤必至 少长贤极请看记者所做的新闻特写 + +01:46:42.500 --> 01:46:50.780 +今天的北京风和日丽 春风拂面北京大学校园里到处是一派喜气洋洋的气象卫明湖 武祠运动场 + +01:46:50.940 --> 01:46:57.860 +水塔 古朴典雅的西校门菜园培塑像等标志性景物都使北大校友们倍感亲切和激动 + +01:47:02.520 --> 01:47:10.320 +不少已经年过半百的老校友还回忆起自己当年怀揣北大录取通知书第一次迈进北大校门时的情景 + +01:47:11.020 --> 01:47:20.920 +第一次见到北京大学的话就是就是 嗯 当然非常激动嗯 因为在我们那边好像说一个县城里面 + +01:47:20.920 --> 01:47:28.160 +也没有一个县里面也没有一个考上北京大学的校友们面对自己上过课的教室读过书的图书馆锻炼 + +01:47:28.160 --> 01:47:36.440 +身体的操场当年的学习生活似乎历历在目给我印象最深刻的 排队到图书馆抢位子有时候那个 + +01:47:36.480 --> 01:47:47.720 +赶紧的有时候那个位子抢不上就拿那个书包在外面排队当年我们都是18岁的小孩子到这来之后 + +01:47:47.720 --> 01:47:57.280 +抱着对北大的渴求最高学府都想好好学可是我们刚一做实验的时候就背手背脚的老师还批评我们 + +01:47:57.280 --> 01:48:07.300 +北大台湾校友会平均年龄近70岁许多人是带病专程来参加百年校庆的自己也感觉到很想念很想 + +01:48:07.300 --> 01:48:16.560 +念回来但是我们现在有的同学已经腿了腿不能动了有的躺在那里我们来的时候他们就很羡慕我说 + +01:48:16.560 --> 01:48:24.940 +你们可以去了北大的一切都值得每一个北大人怀念而最不能让所有北大人忘怀的是北京大学爱国 + +01:48:24.940 --> 01:48:34.860 +进步民主科学的传统以及自由浓厚的学术风气还有勤奋严谨求实创新的校训北大年届九十的著名 + +01:48:34.860 --> 01:48:43.060 +哲学家张代年和著名语言学家纪宪林已经伴随北大走过半个多世纪的风雨历程随北大这几十年来 + +01:48:43.060 --> 01:48:57.240 +有一个特点就是常常是开风气之先能够开风气这根本就是在追求真理研究学问方面能够提出新的 + +01:48:57.240 --> 01:49:07.960 +观点新的见解来我们无论研究学术无论干什么最后目的是振兴中华张阳是北大年龄最小的大学生 + +01:49:07.960 --> 01:49:16.140 +今年还未满14岁从一进校我就深深地感受到北大科学民主的优良传统这些都是我们应该学习和 + +01:49:16.140 --> 01:49:16.720 +继承的 + +01:49:19.860 --> 01:49:28.580 +这是中央台报道的最早被称为京师大学堂的北京大学从1898年创办到今天已经整整走过了 + +01:49:28.580 --> 01:49:37.980 +一个世纪的风雨历程现在我们就一起来回顾北大100年北京大学是中国历史最悠久的大学,创 + +01:49:37.980 --> 01:49:45.440 +立于1898年,出名京师大学堂,它是务虚维新运动的产物,也是中国近代第一所由中央政府 + +01:49:45.440 --> 01:49:53.140 +创办的国立综合性大学。1912年5月,京师大学堂改名为北京大学,严复为北京大学首任校 + +01:49:53.140 --> 01:50:00.080 +长。1916年12月,著名的民主主义革命家、教育家和思想家蔡元培,被任命为北京大学校 + +01:50:00.080 --> 01:50:08.220 +长。上任后,他提出《寻思想自由原则,取兼容并包主义的办学方针先后聘请了陈独秀 李大钊 + +01:50:08.320 --> 01:50:16.680 +鲁迅 钱玄同胡适 马寅初 马旭伦 李四光 温文浩 蒋孟林等一大批著名学者和具有革新思 + +01:50:16.680 --> 01:50:24.900 +想的人到北大任教北京大学几乎集中了当时国内所有的一流学者使北大民主思想 科学思想和 + +01:50:24.900 --> 01:50:32.720 +自由研究之风十分浓厚随即成为中国新文化运动的中心是五四爱国运动的发祥地在反帝反封建的 + +01:50:32.720 --> 01:50:40.900 +爱国运动中他始终走在最前列到1919年北大拥有数学 物理 化学 地质中文 英文 经济 + +01:50:40.960 --> 01:50:49.260 +法律等14个系2000多名学生是当时中国规模最大的高等学府同年鲁迅为北大设计了校徽校 + +01:50:49.260 --> 01:50:57.300 +徽体现了北大以人为本的精神1935年北大投身到由共产党领导的129运动中去为推动抗日 + +01:50:57.300 --> 01:51:05.400 +民族统一战线的建立发挥了作用1937年抗日战争爆发北京大学和清华大学南开大学南迁云南 + +01:51:05.400 --> 01:51:14.520 +昆明组成国立西南联合大学坚持教学和科学研究培养出一大批杰出人才抗战胜利后1946年北 + +01:51:14.520 --> 01:51:22.980 +京大学复校胡适任北京大学校长1949年中华人民共和国成立1951年马寅初被任命为新 + +01:51:22.980 --> 01:51:30.740 +中国北京大学第一任校长经过近半个世纪的建设北京大学成为一所拥有自然科学、工程技术科 + +01:51:30.740 --> 01:51:38.000 +学、人文科学、社会科学、管理科学、教育科学、语言科学、医学等多种学科的综合性大学。 + +01:51:38.520 --> 01:51:46.260 +1958年北大成立了中国第一个原子能系,为中国国防科技事业培养了一批骨干人才,特别是 + +01:51:46.260 --> 01:51:54.160 +为中国原子弹氢弹的成功爆破做出了重大贡献。1960年至1965年由北大化学系和中国科 + +01:51:54.160 --> 01:52:01.880 +学院有关研究所合作在世界上第一次人工合成牛乙岛素标志着人类在探索生命奥秘的科学研究中 + +01:52:01.880 --> 01:52:10.720 +跨出了重要一步1974年北京大学又研制成功中国第一台百万次电子计算机80年代北大又研 + +01:52:10.720 --> 01:52:19.020 +制开发出计算机机关汉字编辑排版系统使汉字印刷业告别千与火的历史步入光与电的时代被誉为 + +01:52:19.020 --> 01:52:27.820 +中国印刷业的第二次革命目前北京大学共有8个学院和23个系87个学士专业149个硕士专 + +01:52:27.820 --> 01:52:36.580 +业101个博士专业52个研究所63个研究中心2个国家级工程研究中心11个国家重点实验 + +01:52:36.580 --> 01:52:45.780 +室4个国家重点学科专业实验室有中科院和中国工程院院士30人第三世界科学院院士3人教授 + +01:52:45.780 --> 01:52:54.660 +814人包括博士生导师530人北大的中科院院士 博士生导师 教授的数量均居全国高校首 + +01:52:54.660 --> 01:53:02.360 +位目前北大有在校生2.4万人还有来自世界上70多个国家和地区的外国留学生2000多人 + +01:53:02.740 --> 01:53:10.760 +建校100年以来北京大学共培养毕业生近13万人勤奋 严谨 求实 创新是北京大学的校训 + +01:53:11.300 --> 01:53:19.380 +这是中央台报道的作为北大校庆系列活动之一北京大学星纪念雕塑揭幕仪式今天在北京大学举行 + +01:53:20.660 --> 01:53:29.180 +经国际小天体命名委员会批准由北京天文台研究员北京大学天体物理专业校友陈建生院士领导的 + +01:53:29.180 --> 01:53:37.820 +观测宇宙学课题组发现了一颗小行星被命名为北京大学星以一所大学的名字来命名天体物质这在 + +01:53:37.820 --> 01:53:46.520 +我国天文史上还是第一次为庆祝北京大学建校100周年国家邮政总局今天发行北京大学建校一 + +01:53:46.520 --> 01:53:55.160 +百年纪念邮票一枚这枚纪念邮票以北京大学百年历程中具有代表意义的京师大学堂张城 沙滩红 + +01:53:55.160 --> 01:54:04.140 +楼燕园西校门三组画面为图案生动体现了北京大学诞生崛起和发展壮大的不同历史阶段展现了北 + +01:54:04.140 --> 01:54:12.240 +京大学光荣的革命传统和优良的学术传统为配合这枚纪念邮票的发行国家邮政总局还同时发行了 + +01:54:12.240 --> 01:54:21.680 +成了首日封 纪念封和极限明信片这是中央台报道的另外亚洲最大的大学图书馆北京大学图书馆 + +01:54:21.680 --> 01:54:30.940 +新馆揭幕仪式今天在北京大学举行北京大学图书馆是收藏文献最多的大学图书馆现有藏书445 + +01:54:30.940 --> 01:54:39.680 +万册这次新图书馆的建成使北大图书馆成为亚洲最大的大学图书馆总面积达到5.2万平方米总 + +01:54:39.680 --> 01:54:47.960 +藏书容量超过700万册月览座位5000个新馆造型设计采用了北大燕园固有的民族化建筑风 + +01:54:47.960 --> 01:54:57.420 +格内部采用计算机网络系统光盘数据存储及检索服务系统数字通信和音像设备自动化安全监控等 + +01:54:57.420 --> 01:55:06.040 +先进技术据了解北京大学新图书馆是由香港的李嘉诚先生捐资1000万美元建造的这是中央台 + +01:55:06.040 --> 01:55:06.600 +报道的 + +01:55:12.720 --> 01:55:20.420 +今天是五四青年节为了纪念伟大的五四运动79周年全国各地各集团组织连日来举行了形式多样 + +01:55:20.420 --> 01:55:29.260 +的纪念活动天安门广场人民英雄纪念碑前北京青年继承五四光荣传统做跨世纪四友新人主题团会 + +01:55:29.260 --> 01:55:39.600 +在雄壮的国歌声中拉开帷幕一万名新团员面对鲜红的团旗庄严宣誓在福州 在西宁正值18岁青 + +01:55:39.600 --> 01:55:48.300 +春年华的青年学生也在今天庄严宣誓步入成人行列在山城重庆近万名团员青年在歌乐山烈士陵园 + +01:55:48.300 --> 01:55:57.840 +举行高举伟大旗帜奔向新世纪逝世大会来自广东江西四川重庆等地的81对新婚夫妇则在重庆 + +01:55:57.840 --> 01:56:06.740 +人民广场举行了集体婚礼81对新人还在珊瑚公园种下了一棵棵爱情长青树大连是青少年情绪五 + +01:56:06.740 --> 01:56:15.260 +次青春作伴爱洒绿地文明护律活动在青年节期间再现高潮据了解目前大连市已有30多万名青年 + +01:56:15.260 --> 01:56:24.140 +加入了文明护律行列昨晚数百名外来亲工相聚在广东青年文化广场欣赏了广州乐团为他们献上的 + +01:56:24.140 --> 01:56:32.480 +节日礼物交响音乐会广东省同创文明共享欢乐为主题的服务外来亲工系列文化活动也同时拉开帷 + +01:56:32.480 --> 01:56:42.100 +幕连日来上海 河南 山西 吉林甘肃、陕西、山东、江苏、四川、广西、深圳等地的团组织纷 + +01:56:42.100 --> 01:56:50.140 +纷开展了为下岗职工办实事帮助下岗职工掌握一技之长的系列服务活动香港青年联会 + +01:56:56.660 --> 01:57:05.000 +您好观众朋友欢迎收看中国报道今天也就是5月4号是北京大学100周年校庆日这意味着中国 + +01:57:05.000 --> 01:57:12.900 +现代高等教育有了一百年的历史今天早上国家主席江泽民在人民大会堂北京大学校庆庆典上发表 + +01:57:12.900 --> 01:57:21.840 +了重要讲话首先请看记者的报道今天上午十点北京大学一百周年校庆庆典在人民大会堂举行庆典 + +01:57:21.840 --> 01:57:29.760 +的会场选择在人民大会堂以及江泽民 朱镕基 李鹏 李瑞环等中国最高层领导人的出席使得北 + +01:57:29.760 --> 01:57:38.620 +大的校庆意义再次升级校庆成为真正意义上党和国家的大事可容纳八千人的会场里气氛极为热烈 + +01:57:38.620 --> 01:57:47.900 +北大校长陈嘉尔中国教育部部长陈之力牛津大学校长清华大学校长及北大学生代表分别做了讲话 + +01:57:47.900 --> 01:58:01.340 +联合国秘书长安南向大会发来了贺信衷心祝福与警国同呼吸共命令风雨同行的步校永老青春最后 + +01:58:01.340 --> 01:58:03.380 +江泽民主席发表了重要讲话 + +01:58:30.020 --> 01:58:44.060 +在国教导的科学知识是第一次必须尊重知识 尊重人才江泽民主席在报告中指出全党全社会要高 + +01:58:44.060 --> 01:58:52.300 +度重视知识创新人才开发对经济发展社会进步的重要作用使科教新国真正成为全民族的广泛共识 + +01:58:52.300 --> 01:59:02.000 +和实际行动而在此之前的4月29日江泽民主席还特地来到了北京大学考察近三个小时用他自己 + +01:59:02.000 --> 01:59:09.840 +的话说他虽然会参加今天在人民大会堂举行的庆典但是他还是应该亲自到北大看一看给北大的校 + +01:59:09.840 --> 01:59:18.400 +庆增添一点气氛这三个小时使飞飞续续中的北大沸腾起来北大的此次校庆活动成为北大发展的 + +01:59:18.400 --> 01:59:27.380 +一个重要契机也成为国家再次强调重视教育的一个机会在北大江主席参观了一些教研设施并在热 + +01:59:27.380 --> 01:59:34.620 +烈亲切的气氛中与北大师生代表进行了座谈他还兴致勃勃地来到了学生食堂同正在就餐的学生亲 + +01:59:34.620 --> 01:59:44.000 +切握手交谈声 掌声 笑声 问候声交织在了一起北大的校庆活动提前进入了高潮为了参加这次 + +01:59:44.000 --> 01:59:54.240 +校庆活动许多校友从各地赶来了他们把参加这次校庆活动作为了解北大 了解中国的一个机会5 + +01:59:54.240 --> 02:00:02.960 +月2号凌晨一辆从深圳发来的专列已经到达了北京现在出航空港的是从旧金山飞来的80名校友 + +02:00:02.960 --> 02:00:11.500 +大家想到那么多人千里回来呢因为我们热爱北大我们热爱我们的母校我们认为我们之所以有今天 + +02:00:11.980 --> 02:00:22.080 +也是北大培育的结果据估计今天共有4万校友回到母校校园内总人数超过7万北大周边主要交通 + +02:00:22.080 --> 02:00:29.880 +干线进行了交通管制但是数天以来仍造成了严重的交通堵塞北大四周的宾馆饭店早在数月前便 + +02:00:29.880 --> 02:00:39.040 +已经预定额满校园内一片喜庆气氛各系都组织了校友聚会而在新建的图书馆前留念成了最受人们 + +02:00:39.040 --> 02:00:49.740 +欢迎的活动你今天穿上特别鲜艳的红衣谢谢 因为校庆啊我觉得这个是喜庆洋洋的一些大事情北 + +02:00:49.740 --> 02:01:00.100 +大一百周年我们都非常非常高兴40年没有见面的老同学握在一起的手久久没有分开回到我们 + +02:01:00.100 --> 02:01:08.580 +40年前同学的那种情况了所以感到特别高兴那您今天回到校园里你觉得有什么变化吗变化很大 + +02:01:08.580 --> 02:01:19.180 +我在北大待了20年从50年到73年我感到我经常回北大来我们同学也经常聚会但是北大天天 + +02:01:19.180 --> 02:01:30.720 +都有变化日新月异的变化所以我经常拍活花也是为了反映北大的美北大人的精神许多校友在返校 + +02:01:30.720 --> 02:01:41.160 +时都带来了他们的孩子我想就是让我的孩子体验一下我们下层这种龙号的气氛就是说这种传统这 + +02:01:41.160 --> 02:01:51.820 +一次这个本年小庆这个去隆重的程度我们原来也没有想到没想到会这么隆重这个说明北大还是 + +02:01:51.820 --> 02:02:02.480 +很有前途觉得40年前的学生和现在的学生有什么区别我想还是有区别我想从这个用功这个一样 + +02:02:02.480 --> 02:02:10.080 +的但现在的学生显然比过去的学生更开放思想更活跃眼界更宽阔我想这个跟整个我们国家整个时 + +02:02:10.080 --> 02:02:17.920 +代都是合拍的你觉得再过十年北大会变成什么样我想再过十年北大按照我们的目标来讲当然要变 + +02:02:17.920 --> 02:02:27.540 +成世界的第一流的大学我想我们再过十年以后我们北大的学术水平会进一步的提高跟国际能够相 + +02:02:27.540 --> 02:02:36.260 +比同时我们在世界上可能影响就更大引人注意的是北大这次校庆最主要的组成部分是16个国际 + +02:02:36.260 --> 02:02:44.620 +学术研讨会这意味着北大在新的历史发展时期将更注重培养人才与提高学术水平以达到北大提出 + +02:02:44.620 --> 02:02:52.440 +的在下一世纪成为世界一流大学的目标北京大学已经有了100年的历史从这一点上来说北大是 + +02:02:52.440 --> 02:02:59.820 +古老的但是在采访中我们发现几乎每一位回到燕园的校友都会告诉你北大在发生着巨大的变化从 + +02:02:59.820 --> 02:03:08.540 +这一点来说北大又是长新的事实上北大就像中国教育的一面镜子在悠远古老的中国文明中不断地 + +02:03:08.540 --> 02:03:12.620 +前进发展着中国报道记者张全林在北京大学报道 + +02:03:19.620 --> 02:03:27.440 +观众朋友北京大学校长陈嘉尔是北大第29任校长在他的任期内他迎来了北大的第100个生日 + +02:03:27.440 --> 02:03:36.380 +也将面临世纪之交的高等教育改革这一切将使他成为北大历史上不平凡的一位校长今天他接受了 + +02:03:36.380 --> 02:03:43.860 +我们中国报道记者的专访4月29号的早上江主席到北大进行了近三个小时的参观那么一个非常 + +02:03:43.860 --> 02:03:52.640 +重要的一个国家元首他到北大来进行参观我觉得这还是第一次那么他是不是对北大有所偏爱我想 + +02:03:52.640 --> 02:04:03.000 +江志学之所以到北大来当然一方面他自己讲了他跟同学讲了他说我是来跟大家同庆北大的百周年 + +02:04:03.000 --> 02:04:16.400 +这江志学自己讲的但是我想就不是对北大的偏爱而是体现了江志学对于教育对于人才的高度的重 + +02:04:16.400 --> 02:04:31.820 +视体现了我们国家实施科教新国战略这样一个高章远足的英明的阶层那么这次江主席走进燕园 + +02:04:31.820 --> 02:04:39.480 +包括一些像全世界的校长论坛这样大型的一些活动已经使这次北大的校庆不简单是一个学校的校 + +02:04:39.480 --> 02:04:46.960 +庆这样一个程度了那么我想北大它能有今天历史上这么高的地位我们可能马上就会想起比如说五 + +02:04:46.960 --> 02:04:54.040 +四运动新文化运动那么它始终和国家的命运是紧紧联系在一起的那么现在在一个政治相对稳定经 + +02:04:54.040 --> 02:05:01.040 +济大力发展的一个情况下北大要树立一个什么样的新的形象我记得美国的一个著名教育家叫杜威 + +02:05:01.040 --> 02:05:14.900 +有句话他说如果要比起校长来讲是蔡元飞先生领导的北大要比任何其他一所学校对一个国家的影 + +02:05:14.900 --> 02:05:29.140 +响要大得多所以他当时给了陈建平一个很高的评价那么我想这是江主席对我们北大百中研他有个 + +02:05:29.140 --> 02:05:44.000 +提词他提词的内容就是说要发扬爱国进步科学民主的光荣传统为振兴中华做出更大的贡献这个既 + +02:05:44.000 --> 02:05:56.340 +是对我们北大精神的一个肯定又是对我们提出的一个要求所以现在在一个新的时期改革开放要建 + +02:05:56.340 --> 02:06:07.320 +设一个中国特色的社会主义建设现代化的一个繁荣富强的国家那么我们北京大学更应该本着这样 + +02:06:07.320 --> 02:06:25.880 +的精神来发展我们的高等教育培养高速度的人才在学术上能够有更大的建树我们北京大学把自己 + +02:06:25.880 --> 02:06:39.720 +的目标定为在下一世纪要成为世界的一流大学之一也就是所谓的World Major + +02:06:39.720 --> 02:06:52.220 +University那么如果从这样的要求来衡量的话我觉得我们首先在人才培养基础人才 + +02:06:52.220 --> 02:06:59.620 +方面要下功夫我们过去北京大学培养了一大批 + +02:07:03.340 --> 02:07:12.820 +很有贡献的人像您了解的蒋祖英您刚才提到了蒋祖英我想人们在想起他的时候首先想到的不是他 + +02:07:12.820 --> 02:07:19.020 +在学术上的能力而是他的那种奉献于科学的精神那么您觉得今天的学生在北大校园里仍然能学到 + +02:07:19.020 --> 02:07:31.000 +这些东西吗这样一个奉献的精神始终是北京大学学生所引以为荣的另外从学校来讲,我们感觉到 + +02:07:31.000 --> 02:07:42.360 +更需要把专业的教育跟人文素质的教育,或者叫通识教育,有的人叫liberal + +02:07:42.360 --> 02:07:51.980 +education,把它结合在一起。就是什么意思呢就是不能光有专业的知识专业的知识是 + +02:07:51.980 --> 02:08:09.880 +需要的但是呢还需要有人文的好的素养所以我们学校里边文科的学生要学习自然科学理科的学生 + +02:08:09.880 --> 02:08:22.720 +要学中文要学中国同时我们就希望通过这个办法能够把学生的人才的素养提高那么我们知道在北 + +02:08:22.720 --> 02:08:29.600 +大的历史上出过非常多的名校长比如说颜福 蔡元培这样的校长那么您觉得也许再过一百年人们 + +02:08:29.600 --> 02:08:40.560 +总会怎么来评价您这位校长和您任期内的这一段北大历史我当然是非常敬佩蔡元培校长还有好多 + +02:08:40.560 --> 02:08:53.300 +我的前任包括像马英初校长也好周老爷也好等等我自问自己我的能力很有限我的知识水平也很有 + +02:08:53.300 --> 02:08:53.660 +限 + +02:08:56.320 --> 02:09:09.500 +但是我想你可能知道北京大学是有一次非常优秀的教师队伍我们有世界一类的学生所以把我有限 + +02:09:09.500 --> 02:09:21.160 +的能力跟他们结合在一起这个力量就是不可估量的了为搬成世界一流的大学今午的力量来打好基 + +02:09:21.160 --> 02:09:35.000 +础所以我们首先要按照国家的口交信仰的战略进行教育的改革这个就包括一个是我方才提到的要 + +02:09:35.000 --> 02:09:48.080 +进行使得学生他的整个的人文的素质思想道德科学文化素养要提高另外一方面呢要充分利用北京 + +02:09:48.080 --> 02:10:02.380 +大学学科期权技术理论墙教学研究精密结合跟国际交流比较充分这样的条件能够促进东方西方文 + +02:10:02.380 --> 02:10:14.660 +化的教会出进人文科学跟自然科学的结合创造一个宽松的学术研究的环节观众朋友现在在我们节 + +02:10:14.660 --> 02:10:22.300 +目播出的同时北大校庆的晚会正在宴园内进行北大校园内仍充满了热烈的气氛刚才我们的记者从 + +02:10:22.300 --> 02:10:30.780 +北大打电话回来说许多校友今天将留在校园彻夜长谈而北大办公楼礼堂前已经汇集了一群学生 + +02:10:30.780 --> 02:10:38.140 +因为明天上午四位得过诺贝尔奖的华人科学家将在这里进行演讲而许多想参与的学生们还没有得 + +02:10:38.140 --> 02:10:45.880 +到入场券观众朋友明天我们将对这场演讲会进行报道今天的中国报道节目就到这里结束了感谢您 + +02:10:45.880 --> 02:10:47.720 +的收看明天的同一时间再见 + +02:11:03.160 --> 02:11:11.460 +中国中央电视台国际频道每晚9点30分首播中央电视台第二号节目每晚11点13分重播 + +02:11:33.640 --> 02:11:44.900 +PK学校是中国第一个学校它在14月14日1902年中国国际上学生的联系在1904年学 + +02:11:44.900 --> 02:11:56.300 +校派出了中国的第一班学生来读外国在2月1920年学校也派出了中国女性同学的教育除了这 + +02:11:56.300 --> 02:12:11.360 +些派出的努力学校也作为国家社会进展的在1919年,《美国四周年》是由大学开始的,是 + +02:12:11.360 --> 02:12:20.540 +中国的最早的基础为卫生和科学思想的执行,并且是中国的传统思想。很多影响力的人物,例如 + +02:12:20.540 --> 02:12:27.740 +陈独秀、李大钊和毛泽东,是中国共产党的创始人,还有陆迅, Allein 兼 vary + +02:12:27.740 --> 02:12:34.640 +rather be in + +02:12:34.640 --> 02:12:39.020 +an institution啱啱机jmr有一粉肥三ep Advance + +02:12:42.740 --> 02:13:00.040 +但真是有陵陳仗亮教授說所有學生 特別是教師他們總是把我們的國家的未來當作自己的未來 + +02:13:00.040 --> 02:13:10.840 +這是一個非常重要的心態學校的最大的特色是同樣的重視科學和自由藝術北京大學應該繼續發展 + +02:13:10.840 --> 02:13:21.840 +自由藝術以增加學生的贡献所以说,专家叶朗说,我们现在的社会中,很多社会问题,并不能够 + +02:13:21.840 --> 02:13:30.900 +解决单纯从科技和科技上解决,而是从社会和人文学上解决。在这方面,北京大学的自由艺术学 + +02:13:30.900 --> 02:13:38.520 +贵的传统将有很强大的作用。从历史上讲就是,北京大学从1949年开始训练了超过80, + +02:13:38.740 --> 02:13:48.540 +000名学生,自1949年开始很多学生成为了中国各种发展领域的背景在过去两年学校成立 + +02:13:48.540 --> 02:13:59.660 +了国际和省市层次的1900多个研究项目以它们的荣誉的过去北京大学在中国历史上当国家迎 + +02:13:59.660 --> 02:14:07.460 +接新一年北京大学将会以它的独特的传统价值和新典型的精神 + +02:14:37.020 --> 02:14:46.560 +刘昌颖 CCTV News 北京同学们都参加了这位北京大学学生说民主 进步 民主 和 + +02:14:46.560 --> 02:14:57.760 +科学是两种相似的传统在学校中的传统他说 学生们想表达他们深刻的民主感觉以此式的庆祝本 + +02:14:57.760 --> 02:15:08.820 +周庆祝的准备开始两个月前一群选择学生在北大的学生们被送到台湾国际上级高层以获得专门的 + +02:15:08.820 --> 02:15:20.740 +军事训练北京大学一直被认为是一家国家的传统学校在国家的开放和改革开始时北京大学的学生 + +02:15:20.740 --> 02:15:30.910 +们第一次提出了传统的词《中国要联合,重新重新重新》关成华,北大的中央军事协会副总裁 + +02:15:30.910 --> 02:15:32.430 +universitay youth league at peking + +02:15:32.430 --> 02:15:35.130 +university saidthe special attention has + +02:15:35.130 --> 02:15:38.250 +been paid to the education in patriotismhe + +02:15:38.250 --> 02:15:41.250 +added that in the 90's patriotism has + +02:15:41.250 --> 02:15:44.230 +taken on new meaningand this has made it + +02:15:44.230 --> 02:15:47.230 +necessary to introduce new forms of + +02:15:47.230 --> 02:15:49.930 +educationdifferent from those in the past + +02:15:49.930 --> 02:15:52.870 +the youth league he said hopes the + +02:15:52.870 --> 02:15:55.590 +students will carry onstill further the + +02:15:55.590 --> 02:15:57.810 +patriotic tradition of the university + +02:16:23.930 --> 02:16:36.870 +陈晨 CCTV News是全校大学的最大设计室有超过4500个座位并领导了7万本书新 + +02:16:36.870 --> 02:16:49.470 +的大学是以最高的电子设备和电脑运行为主另外 设计室的管理也使用了多个媒 + +02:16:49.470 --> 02:16:57.790 +体系统 + +02:17:00.350 --> 02:17:11.150 +请不吝点赞 订阅 转 + +02:17:11.150 --> 02:17:11.850 +发 打赏支持明镜与点点栏目 + diff --git a/docs/baseline/nj963cm2696_em_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/baseline/nj963cm2696_em_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eda23a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/nj963cm2696_em_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,2069 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:07.720 --> 00:26.360 +《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯 + +00:26.360 --> 00:38.780 +》《天之涯》《天之涯》向各位祝贺伟大校庆一百周年感到非常非常荣幸北京大学的学生们对于 + +00:38.780 --> 00:52.400 +考试的时间和教育的时间和这方面的问题我们将一起协助并且将更深入地理解美国大学的学生们 + +00:52.400 --> 01:10.040 +也有兴趣和兴趣在北京大学的100周年祝福我希望我们这个学校能够在下一个世纪仍然继续 + +01:10.040 --> 01:13.980 +我们这个一百年或一千年的传统 + +01:25.280 --> 01:26.880 +我爱你 + +01:41.640 --> 01:47.440 +亲爱的电视机前的观众朋友们各位光临现场的北京大学的校友们大家好 + +01:51.420 --> 01:59.720 +我是李勇非常地高兴也是非常地荣幸今天能够在这里在我们中央电视台的演播大厅和大家共同来 + +01:59.720 --> 02:07.700 +制作这一期百年一遇的北大校友联谊会那首先呢我来介绍一下这位呢是我们北京大学最年轻的博 + +02:07.700 --> 02:19.900 +士生导师之一的教授严纯华先生大家好那这位甜美少女啊是我们北大法律系95级的本科生孙红 + +02:19.900 --> 02:29.600 +霞同学大家好大家好那今天这个联谊会呢就由我们三个人呢来为大家共同主持百年一遇对今天的 + +02:29.600 --> 02:40.180 +北大来说的确名副其实这个日子与我们每一个北大校友息息相通因为我们每个北大人都有一段难 + +02:40.180 --> 02:52.060 +以忘怀的生命历程与北大百年历史中的某个片段相重合我相信此时此刻我们每一位北大校友都会 + +02:52.060 --> 03:05.620 +因此而快乐而自豪是不是啊校友们作为学生我也非常庆幸能在这个时候遇上北大的百年滑蛋并将 + +03:05.620 --> 03:14.980 +同他一起步入新的世纪在这里请允许我代表所有的北大学生向海内外所有的北大校友们向我们的 + +03:14.980 --> 03:24.300 +师哥师姐们问声好让我们一起一起向北京大学我们共有的精神家园道一声生日快乐 + +03:28.000 --> 03:36.260 +今天非常荣幸的是还有一些我们北京大学过去的老学长 老学友也光临到了我们的现场欢迎他们 + +03:36.260 --> 03:49.460 +的到来原人大常委会副委员长北大校友雷杰琼女士人大常委会副委员长北大校友彭佩芸女士全国 + +03:49.460 --> 04:01.140 +政协副主席北大校友罗豪才先生东方学家北大校友纪献林先生北大校长中科院院士陈嘉尔教授北 + +04:01.140 --> 04:11.820 +大党委书记任燕生教授北大党委副书记赵存生教授人民教育出版社编审北大校友张中情先生 + +04:31.200 --> 04:46.320 +快走啊要上课了不忙不忙教授还没到呢至少要晚十分钟还是快走吧密苏托王李等等等等我呀你们 + +04:46.320 --> 04:57.000 +要去听谁的课呀古侯明先生的英国文学那怪老头的课呀听听很有意思的哦这个尊孔派呀我可不去 + +04:57.000 --> 05:06.900 +凑那份热闹还不如去听钱玄同先生的文字学那多较劲啊那我们道不同学相应大路朝天各走一边各 + +05:06.900 --> 05:17.260 +听各的课去你这么一说我可偏要去听了怎么了我倒要听听他到底荒谬到什么程度好啊 小批判家 + +05:17.260 --> 05:29.280 +那咱们就走吧走吧你怎么还慢吞吞的呀不着急呀对不起几位先生的课比人不感兴趣我还是去炮图 + +05:29.280 --> 05:34.200 +书馆吧最近来了一批新书正在那读呢那随你便不理他 + +05:43.220 --> 05:44.220 +万山荒郊 + +05:55.080 --> 05:56.920 +主君 + +06:03.120 --> 06:25.640 +与今日之讲英语诗实乃夕阳之十嫂夜西洋之诗一同言律一如唐宋之诗词因而逐君欲学西洋之诗必 + +06:25.640 --> 06:42.080 +有文言诸位文言所传之道乃是孔孟痴人的礼仪教而西洋语言宣扬的是德赛尔先生这才是救国的良 + +06:42.080 --> 06:54.260 +方当今世界生机勃发早就已经没有文言的立足之地了文言自秦汉起就已经与口语分开了不易普及 + +06:54.260 --> 07:10.640 +如果继续使用势必影响文学的发展文化的进步乃至民族的强大而今有小辈欲将文言以试经理语代 + +07:10.640 --> 07:26.300 +之粗俗不堪 笔漏浅薄中国国民素质之低正在于文字的难懂西洋语言横横排版从左至右这也符合 + +07:26.300 --> 07:38.640 +人的生理习惯我国的古书却是竖排不易阅读应当彻底废弃祖宗执法偏废道学西洋未开化之术真是 + +07:38.640 --> 07:53.720 +本末倒置满口祖宗道统有什么新意还不如去听听钱先生别忙 再听听吧不听了 不听了文言早 + +07:53.720 --> 08:04.360 +已经是江化的死的语言怎能再用它来创作活文学而汉字字形复杂更难为人所认识所以最后我们必 + +08:04.360 --> 08:09.440 +定要改方块字为拼音才能使中国文化得以发展 + +08:13.760 --> 08:27.020 +以字母代替汉字简直荒谬至极那我们岂不都成洋人了诸君总而言之言而统之文言不当废道统不可 + +08:27.020 --> 08:36.180 +变下课文言当废白话当兴乃是历史发展之必然下课 + +08:53.700 --> 08:59.560 +你还不做你是我的敌人恕子不足以谋二位 且慢 + +09:03.140 --> 09:04.460 +蔡校长 + +09:07.720 --> 09:23.480 +我想大学之为大也在于囊括大典恍若重家对新旧各派兼容并包有利于学术研究的发展和学生的独 + +09:23.480 --> 09:35.120 +立思考正如中庸所云万物并育而不相害道并行而不相背吗 + +09:41.920 --> 09:49.400 +非常荣幸呢能够在母校的百年滑蛋之际扮演我们敬爱的老校长蔡元培先生而今天呢我们北大的现 + +09:49.400 --> 09:53.660 +任校长陈嘉尔先生也来到了观众席上我们请陈校长说几句话好不好 + +09:59.320 --> 10:12.700 +我觉得我们的蔡校长提出来啊学术自由 金融并包是为了引进科学民主改革进步真正的一个核心 + +10:12.700 --> 10:22.320 +是为了振兴中华为了我们国家的繁荣富强所以我们一定要要继承我们北大的这样的传统为振兴中 + +10:22.320 --> 10:27.140 +华做出我们北京大学北大人的应有的贡献谢谢大家 + +10:33.760 --> 10:44.320 +我常常被许多白发苍苍的老教授那纯净的眼神平和的微笑所打动他们淡泊名利无怨无悔地坚守在 + +10:44.320 --> 11:00.560 +北大这个精神家园里今天在这里请允许我代表所有的同学们向您道一声老师辛苦了黎明 黎明 + +11:00.760 --> 11:16.940 +黎明 黎 + +11:16.940 --> 11:24.700 +明 + +11:56.840 --> 12:06.940 +一年三岸 + +12:11.240 --> 12:16.340 +林教授您在北大教书已经这么久了感受最深的是什么 + +12:19.100 --> 12:29.680 +我觉得这几十年在北大教书感觉感受最深的就觉得是比较辛苦在北大这个一个学术空气非常浓厚 + +12:29.680 --> 12:39.680 +的一个学校里面你教书啊如果不辛苦啊不拿出的百倍努力啊是不行的不论是在国内国外还是在国 + +12:39.680 --> 12:48.300 +内各地遇到自己的过去教过的学生有的我的名字都不记得了但是他们看到我以后总是很热情很亲 + +12:48.300 --> 12:54.720 +切的这给我很伤心我很受感动那我觉得我几十年的这一年的辛苦还是值得的 + +13:22.980 --> 13:37.460 +将来不但是全国最好的学校要全世界最好的学府这是我的期望希望北京大学第一保留真正的教学 + +13:37.460 --> 13:51.480 +自由的精神第二要研究中国本身传统的最好的学问也要研究全世界从古以来的最好的学问这一点 + +13:51.480 --> 14:02.160 +精神北大本来有现在还要保存还要发扬下去希望北大能够形成一个文科的中心不只是全国而且全 + +14:02.160 --> 14:11.400 +世界的一个文科的中心这个英文是百年孝庆所以是百寿图祝母校生日快乐 + +14:21.740 --> 14:44.360 +无声无息的你你曾经问我的那些问题如今再没人问起分给我眼抽的胸底分给我快乐的往昔你总是 + +14:44.360 --> 14:51.000 +猜不对我手里的硬币摇摇头说这太神秘 + +14:53.240 --> 15:12.940 +你来的信写得越来越科技关于爱情你只字不提你说你现在有很多的朋友却再也不为那些事忧愁你 + +15:12.940 --> 15:27.740 +问我几时能一起回去看看我们的宿舍 我们的过去你刻在墙上的字依然清晰从内事忘记 就没有 + +15:27.740 --> 15:29.680 +人能杂去 + +15:47.480 --> 16:05.960 +你说每当你回头看夕阳红每当你又听到晚钟从前的点点滴滴会涌起在你来不及难过的心里睡在我 + +16:05.960 --> 16:27.860 +伤骨的胸底睡在我寂寞的回忆你曾经问我的那些问题不仅在没人问起那些问题不仅在没人问起 + +16:41.400 --> 16:50.340 +站在我身边的这两位尊敬的学长们就是地质学系五二届的赵鹏大校友和崔盛勤校友那么赵老师我 + +16:50.340 --> 17:02.740 +能问一下在您学生时代给您印象很深的让您至今还难以忘怀的同窗好友是谁吗当然记得因为我们 + +17:02.740 --> 17:11.820 +那个时候每个班的学生很少弟子系是北大理学院最大的一个系也不过才六十几个人不过我想更 + +17:11.820 --> 17:22.920 +重要的是因为我们是在中华民族发生大转折的伟大历史时期走进北大校园我想最难忘的是这么两 + +17:22.920 --> 17:32.500 +件事情一个是迎接解放一个是开国大典这两件事情我们作为北大地质系学生都积极参加了这也 + +17:32.500 --> 17:41.940 +就是为什么我们这一届的同学在相聚的时候就有一种格外的亲切和特殊的这么一种激情我想在座 + +17:41.940 --> 17:49.200 +的可能也有和我们一样同一个班的校友坐在一起也有他们最难忘的时刻吧有吗 + +17:52.780 --> 18:03.220 +刚才赵老师讲的呢他们是在一个北大新旧社会交替的时候入学的那么我们作为小平同志主持恢复 + +18:03.220 --> 18:11.220 +高考以后的第一批大学生那么我们十分争执我们到北大学习的机会当时在北大的时候我觉得就是 + +18:11.220 --> 18:22.760 +那种学习的氛围非常的浓郁我们班的有同学甚至外号就叫拼命门会主任然后每天他们早晨踏着晨 + +18:22.760 --> 18:31.780 +雾去卫明湖畔读外语然后晚上宿舍都熄了灯之后他们还在路灯的下面去看书学习当时我的感触 + +18:31.780 --> 18:44.060 +非常的深我觉得我一定要北大好好地学习我们当时可以说是带着巨大的这个使命感和自豪感进入 + +18:44.060 --> 18:58.720 +北大学习的可以说历史给我们创造了机会我们又用自己的行动这张图表里面有一个 + +18:58.720 --> 19:04.040 +很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是 + +19:04.040 --> 19:08.600 +这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有 + +19:08.600 --> 19:09.900 +一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事 + +19:09.900 --> 19:14.440 +就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面 + +19:14.440 --> 19:21.220 +有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故 + +19:21.220 --> 19:34.900 +事排球赛全校的同学几乎全部都关注着这场电视转播我记得我们都是在一块看着电视是吧经过艰 + +19:34.900 --> 19:45.320 +苦的熬战我们中国队终于胜利了冲出了亚洲同学们非常激动激动的心情可以说是无以言表于是就 + +19:45.320 --> 19:56.880 +在校园里狂欢游行 喊口号大家先喊是中国队万岁然后又喊中国万岁后来有个同学建议他说我们 + +19:56.880 --> 20:07.800 +换个口号喊团结起来为中华的崛起而奋斗我当时说这个口号好挺好太长了不好喊我们就喊团结起 + +20:07.800 --> 20:17.100 +来振兴中华吧大家说都一直同意于是就喊了起来没想到这个口号不进而走没过几天吧就传遍了全 + +20:17.100 --> 20:18.980 +中国而且一直传到了今天 + +20:29.460 --> 20:36.680 +好 团结起来振兴中华这是一个多么令人振奋的口号啊虽然小二十年过去了但是现在听起来呢 + +20:36.680 --> 20:43.980 +还是那么的熟悉今天的中国已经发生了很大的变化我觉得呢今天这已经不是一个简单的口号了它 + +20:43.980 --> 20:54.100 +应该是时代的声音民族的新生我身边这几位呢就是从海外学成归来的北大的校友们欢迎你们到来 + +20:54.100 --> 21:04.440 +在这里我想问你们同样一个问题就是你们为什么要回国我想还是离不开北京和北大这里有我的家 + +21:04.440 --> 21:15.660 +人有我的老师我的同仁和学生也有我的事业北大已经完全融在了我的血液里谢谢回到自己的祖国 + +21:15.660 --> 21:25.020 +回到自己的家是不需要什么理由的19年前我也跟刚才那个小师弟一样我15岁踏进了北大所以 + +21:25.020 --> 21:34.980 +我想是北大培育了我那么我在国外学成回到北大回到祖国是理所当然的了虽然我在德国待了很长 + +21:34.980 --> 21:40.640 +时间但我从来没想过我不回来回国对我来说是很自然的事情 + +21:44.040 --> 21:51.220 +我觉得这个国家需要我我也需要这个国家这么多年我走了很多地方但是我还觉得这里更像个家 + +21:54.120 --> 22:00.980 +国家的变化那么快发展那么快那么我认为如果是说自己的事业有所发展那么最好的选择就是回来 + +22:00.980 --> 22:02.220 +所以我回到了北大母校 + +22:05.400 --> 22:10.860 +因为为什么回国有一个根本的原因就是离不开这片国土对我个人来说还有一个很重要的原因就是 + +22:10.860 --> 22:21.020 +离不开自己的母校 北大好 谢谢你们看来学生回国也是有传染性的虽然我不是北大人但是今天 + +22:21.020 --> 22:28.780 +在这里我和你们能够欢聚一堂感到由衷地高兴我也由衷地为北大也为你们而感到自豪 + +22:33.780 --> 22:43.060 +同是北大人林毅夫先生是在台湾读完的大学1979年他回到了北京在北京大学读完三年书后又 + +22:43.060 --> 22:51.380 +去了美国1992年他应母校之邀又回到了北京和几位从海外学成归来的学友共同创建了中国经 + +22:51.380 --> 23:02.080 +济研究中心今天林先生也来到了现场你好 林先生那么我想问问您您回祖国最初是基于怎么样的 + +23:02.080 --> 23:13.700 +一个考虑呢我想是中国重新富强起来是所有北大学生的共同愿望那祖国的重新截取只有在改革开 + +23:13.700 --> 23:22.740 +放以后这一二十年才不是一個遙不可及的夢所以我覺得呢作為我們這一代的北大學生是最幸運的 + +23:24.020 --> 23:33.600 +因為 這一代北大學生所共同追求的目標有可能在我們這一代人的努力下實現因此 我珍惜這個 + +23:33.600 --> 23:38.220 +為祖國的文化建設 經濟建設做點事的機會 + +23:45.820 --> 23:53.860 +提起祖国呢我想每一个人的脑海中的概念恐怕不是一样的它有时候呢像一首美妙的歌曲有的时候 + +23:53.860 --> 24:03.200 +呢祖国像一位慈祥的母亲有的时候呢就是活生生的鲜红的五星红旗那么最近呢这个唐师曾啊写了 + +24:03.200 --> 24:10.060 +一本书书面上呢是他抖开他那个摄影背心啊上面有个巨大的五星红旗唐师曾啊说到这儿呢你 + +24:10.060 --> 24:23.200 +是不是对国旗有一个更多的更深的理解国旗关键时刻是救我命的所以我这儿写国旗因为中东有 + +24:23.200 --> 24:34.360 +的人不认识我写一个英文新华news agency写一个阿文一看中国新华社之类然后现在 + +24:34.360 --> 24:46.900 +中国老爱一般人老爱说国旗上的鲜血是用烈士鲜血染成的一说到烈士鲜血老想到士兵其实还有农 + +24:46.900 --> 24:53.320 +民 工人还有好多北大毕业的这些我觉得他们也是烈士刚烈之士 + +24:57.460 --> 25:06.280 +完了 最近我写了一本书那书是海湾战争以后的第二本书我写一个献给我母校北大因为如果北大 + +25:06.280 --> 25:08.440 +不教我我青蛙手就不会要我 + +25:12.380 --> 25:20.380 +就是没有北大没有祖国呢这个唐师曾啊也走进不了这个金字塔我走金字塔我还其实那个罗校长罗 + +25:20.380 --> 25:34.040 +校长去开罗做过个大吉普我这里边写大吉普忘了写罗校长了好 谢谢 谢谢谢谢在过去了的海湾 + +25:34.040 --> 25:39.940 +战争的时候呢你深入虎穴啊拍回了很多精彩的报道啊也是你有了一个特殊的经历那么听说你在海 + +25:39.940 --> 25:47.760 +湾地区呢遇到了很多的校友能不能给我们讲一讲那种他乡遇故人的感觉如果我能够比其他外国记 + +25:47.760 --> 25:59.140 +者或者其他同行机会更多一点是因为我在中东许多地方碰见了我的校友比如伊拉克仅举伊拉克为 + +25:59.140 --> 26:06.940 +例先从那边说吧伊拉克五官助理李天天法律系七九级是我师弟 + +26:11.540 --> 26:18.440 +这是曹鹏麟武官陆军少将是巴格达武官曹武官的爸爸是曹景华老先生 + +26:22.260 --> 26:33.200 +这是对我帮助最多的巴格达父母官中国驻巴格达大使郑达勇我听说当时在战场上很多人都往外跑 + +26:33.200 --> 26:42.560 +只有两个人在往里冲一个是唐师曾一个就是你李天天为什么呢怎么说呢有需要是军人的职责要我 + +26:42.560 --> 26:51.380 +往前去好 谢谢您我听说在巴格达的时候有一段非常好听的关于国旗的故事能不能给我们讲一讲 + +26:52.240 --> 27:05.700 +好当时在海湾战争时期当时是比较危急的我们使馆需要保护的我们就在使馆最上层的一个房顶上 + +27:05.700 --> 27:16.460 +画了一面非常大的国旗朝向蓝天这也就是说我们在这一面红旗下来紧张地工作那面国旗有多大的 + +27:16.460 --> 27:26.700 +尺寸呢有五六十准确地说不上大概有五六十左右的平方米的那么一个大国旗那就空中的战机可以 + +27:26.700 --> 27:27.760 +清楚地看到它了 + +27:31.520 --> 27:42.780 +在科威特工作的劳务人员当时除了我国的劳务公司的劳务人员之外还有130多个台湾中华工程 + +27:42.780 --> 27:57.180 +公司的劳务人员他们在撤离的时候先找了台湾的代表台湾的代表说我置身难保你们自求平安吧结 + +27:57.180 --> 28:07.880 +果他们又找了美国的使馆又找了英国的使馆都被拘置门外在没有办法的情况下找到我们的使馆而 + +28:07.880 --> 28:21.820 +我们呢替他们办妥了一切手续然后送给他们一面五星红旗他们就打着这面五星红旗最后平安地返 + +28:21.820 --> 28:29.600 +回了家园他们的感慨感慨地说还是大陆同胞亲呢 + +28:36.280 --> 28:43.680 +爱临鸟 + +28:46.000 --> 28:54.240 +从南天飞过 + +29:01.980 --> 29:14.820 +爱到 Landesregierung + +29:14.820 --> 29:31.880 +我爱 + +29:31.880 --> 29:31.980 +你 + +29:44.820 --> 29:54.000 +我愛你中國我愛你中國 + +29:57.490 --> 30:27.960 +我愛你春天蓬勃的陽亮我愛你秋日季篁的收光我爱你青松旗帜我爱你红美铭河我爱你家乡的天真 + +30:27.960 --> 30:47.960 +梦想如居自然着火你是我我爱你中国我爱你中国 + +30:49.840 --> 31:08.840 +我要把最美的歌献给你我的母亲我的祖国啊啊 + +31:08.840 --> 31:11.940 +啊 + +31:11.940 --> 31:18.560 +啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊 + +31:18.560 --> 31:18.560 +啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊 + +31:18.560 --> 31:18.560 +啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊 + +31:18.560 --> 31:19.260 +啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊 + +31:19.260 --> 31:20.160 +啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊 + +31:20.160 --> 31:22.340 +啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊 + +31:52.400 --> 32:03.480 +你留學回來開始不就是在北大當教授對不對對不對一直到八十年代你不是還給北大帶學生嗎 + +32:05.260 --> 32:16.500 +是不是你前幾年還把你的著作不送到北京大學圖書館了嗎你跟北京大學有七十多年的交情了 + +32:16.500 --> 32:36.600 +是不是對不對对不对?那么你对北京大学有什么希望?我希望北京大学的教授不要借挂第二,教 + +32:36.600 --> 32:53.860 +授实际要有制造要写东西一下要给小生帮忙写这种东西怎么给观众朋友这里是中央电视台北京大 + +32:53.860 --> 33:03.640 +学建校一百周年校友联谊会欢迎继续收看今天在座的都是北京大学的校友你看有同学有同宿舍的 + +33:03.640 --> 33:12.920 +还有师生那我想这其中肯定还有夫妻肯定有这样的夫妇有请卢晓菲 朱晓明夫妇有请 + +33:19.780 --> 33:27.320 +那今天都是给他的校友你们两个人能不能给大家讲一讲你们当时的这个恋爱经过大家好 + +33:32.320 --> 33:42.320 +我们俩在大学二年级的时候就比较好不过那个时候 + +33:42.320 --> 33:59.680 +并没有向老师和同学们公开我们俩的关系大学毕业的时候正赶上西藏要求见一批大学生我们俩就 + +33:59.680 --> 34:13.060 +报了名在那安了家谈到结婚那也和进藏有关系我们是在毕业之后进藏之前结了婚因为考虑到要去 + +34:13.060 --> 34:20.420 +西藏如果不结婚呢到那儿就不太方便这样我们就在进藏之前结了婚但是这个情况并没有告诉西藏 + +34:20.420 --> 34:27.540 +所以接受单位呢有点措手不及人家以为呢接受了一个大学生没想到来了一对还得临时安排住房 + +34:31.000 --> 34:40.740 +我在西藏待了11年他在西藏待了13年我们给女儿起了一个藏族名字叫朱玛她在拉萨小学读了 + +34:40.740 --> 34:44.580 +一个学期我们的女儿现在也在北大就读 + +34:49.900 --> 34:59.560 +北大从50年代开始就有一批又一批的北大校友义无反顾地走上了支援西藏建设西藏的道路在 + +34:59.560 --> 35:08.680 +不同的年代不同的岗位上为建设西藏发展西藏做出了自己的贡献把自己最宝贵的青春年华献给了 + +35:08.680 --> 35:20.080 +青藏高原现在我们来认识一下他们有请我来向大家介绍一下他们前面的三位是60年代的北大毕 + +35:20.080 --> 35:33.660 +业生这位是最高人民法院的副院长李国光他在西藏生活和工作了24年这位是中国西藏杂志的主 + +35:33.660 --> 35:49.520 +编廖东凡他在西藏也生活和工作了24年这位是中国文联的刘诗意同志他在西藏工作了7年17 + +35:49.520 --> 36:01.700 +年少说了10年这位是北京市文物局的张文生他在西藏工作了6年 + +36:05.540 --> 36:20.020 +这位是团中央书记处的书记胡春华你在西藏工作了15年收到了一份新华通讯社社长郭超仁先生 + +36:20.020 --> 36:29.380 +发来的贺电贺电是这样的在北京大学一百周年校庆之际作为北京大学五十年代后期的毕业生我感 + +36:29.380 --> 36:38.840 +谢母校对我的培养和教育我衷心祝愿母校以崭新的风采迈向21世纪在未来的岁月里取得更大的 + +36:38.840 --> 36:39.300 +辉煌 + +36:42.600 --> 36:50.400 +还有90年代毕业的校友他们从遥远的拉萨带来了向母校和校友们的问候 + +36:59.140 --> 37:06.980 +用一个词来描述信息时代里所发生的变化的话那么不可思议也许是最恰当的中华听众朋友欢迎收 + +37:06.980 --> 37:15.060 +听城市广讲我是主持人李威大家好 我是李威这是我的妻子孙德基北大的老师和同志们你好那么 + +37:15.060 --> 37:21.380 +今天非常高兴能有这样一个机会在美丽的圣城拉萨和我们的亲老小友们我们一起度过我们每一个 + +37:21.380 --> 37:30.020 +北大人一生难忘的日子我们百年孝庆那么从我们走出北大到走上社会吧可以说现在特别是在西藏 + +37:30.020 --> 37:36.300 +这一个特殊地区可以说我们经历的也有不少森林古老的东西全部之类都有但是无论如何请勿相 + +37:36.300 --> 37:44.540 +放心我们每一位在西藏的北大同学我们没有丢北大的脸我们一直在努力他们只能先看一个常数那 + +37:44.540 --> 37:44.700 +就是 + +37:53.260 --> 37:59.660 +这是母校百年华战之际不能亲自到宴宴感受节日的气氛实在是平生一大憾事感谢中央电视台给了 + +37:59.660 --> 38:05.580 +我这样一个机会我再次请向曾经教育过我的各位市长表示衷心的感谢祝大家身体健康扎西德勒 + +38:21.600 --> 38:53.360 +是谁带来远古的火花是谁留下千年的祈赞难道说还有梦魇的梦还是那叫做不能当怀的天 + +38:58.120 --> 39:14.220 +我看见一座座山一座座山川一座座山川 + +39:50.380 --> 39:59.800 +走进北大西校门向南拐在一池和风绿树掩映的池塘南岸有一处叫韶源的地方那就是我们北大的留 + +39:59.800 --> 40:10.100 +学生楼许多年来北大作为享誉世界的名牌大学不仅为中国培养了大批的优秀人才而且也吸引了来 + +40:10.100 --> 40:19.960 +自世界各地的留学生们今天我们的北大校友波兰大使齐焕武先生也带来了对母校的问号从北大 + +40:19.960 --> 40:31.620 +开始就是我的住在生活的开始住在中国生活的开始我在中国已经过了23年我对所有的我可以理 + +40:31.620 --> 40:51.800 +解我对所有的北大的感情是非常深的我来自新加坡我来自加拿大韩国和澳大利亚去找纪念哟你有 + +40:51.800 --> 41:10.220 +黑眼睛我有黄头发安妮琳达阿曼诺夏克鲁奇哟我进了北大我又有一个家哦 忘了义父 我学会 + +41:10.220 --> 41:26.560 +中国王哦 进了少年 我共有一个家哦 改了名字 我学会中国王我叫大山 我叫大洋我叫大山 + +41:26.560 --> 41:41.660 +洋我叫大中 我叫大华我叫大中华我背单词 我背孙子 哥哥又爸爸我唱演唱 我唱京剧 咿咿 + +41:41.660 --> 41:56.900 +又呀呀我穿长袍 我穿马褂 鸡了又他啦我弹琵琶 我吹唢呐 狐狸又哇啦我来自新加坡 我来 + +41:56.900 --> 42:16.820 +自加拿大韩国和澳大利亚直到极黑呀你有黑眼睛我有黄头发安妮琳达阿曼诺塞巴鲁基亚进了北大 + +42:16.820 --> 42:36.680 +我又有一个家玩了音符我学会做娃娃进了校园我们共有一个家哦 开了名字我学会中国话小胡同 + +42:36.680 --> 42:51.760 +里找对眼四合院里看年华大样的牛的眼发花带起整脸的嘴发麻尝了麦串糖葫芦喝了喝口大碗茶带 + +42:51.760 --> 43:08.460 +香味醇薄焦子拿起筷子吃烤鸭南疆北调说老家阴阳怪气喊大妈分手来去面见见面问声吃了吗少原 + +43:08.460 --> 43:41.660 +上 少原岛一滴水滋润着天下的花上元上 上元到天下的泉水 照管着他进了北京 我又有一个 + +43:41.660 --> 43:57.940 +家混了一度 我学会中国话我进了校园 我能有一个家我改了名字 我学会怎么忘 + +44:08.560 --> 44:16.940 +前两天在北大的时候呢有一位许多年前在北大读过书的校友告诉我这样一件事曾经有一个很长一 + +44:16.940 --> 44:25.220 +段时间他在每天清晨都可以看到朱光潜先生在卫明湖畔跑步当时朱先生已经过了冒跌之年了而且 + +44:25.220 --> 44:35.840 +身体非常的瘦小最让这位校友终身难忘的是朱先生跑步的姿势由于非常的年迈了朱先生与其说是 + +44:35.840 --> 44:46.480 +在跑步还不如说是在一步一步地挪动他的身体总是在向往前探着双手张开两只眼睛炯炯有神地望 + +44:46.480 --> 44:57.180 +着前方由此我们想到北大的精神对北大人来说北大的精神不仅是一种响亮的口号或是一种深邃的 + +44:57.180 --> 45:08.060 +思想也是一种平时的人生和豁达的气质也是同学间永远好学的精神是老教授脸上那智慧的笑容也 + +45:08.060 --> 45:17.600 +正向朱光潜先生努力向前的身影我想那一切才是我们北京大学有血有肉的精神家园 + +45:41.380 --> 45:52.140 +一世人间 现真相熟悉而我心不变 终何寻 + +45:54.320 --> 46:09.120 +一世长年 两万千年中文字幕志愿 + +46:09.120 --> 46:14.840 +者 李宗盛 + +47:06.780 --> 47:40.040 +洪楼飞雪一世迎接先知曾书写爱过尽不命中可选一世长平一世草原兩端間諜黃鴿從今為世世山下 + +47:40.040 --> 47:56.580 +大海百年歸我們來自江南帥隊一家人相見我們朝向山上見到 + +48:13.460 --> 48:24.740 +中文字幕志愿者 杨 + +48:24.740 --> 48:26.540 +栋梁 + +48:45.300 --> 48:56.220 +中文字幕志愿者 李宗盛 + +49:40.140 --> 49:50.140 +这所我国历史上最早诞生的大学开创了我国教育史上的诸多底一北京大学创办于1898年最早 + +49:50.140 --> 49:58.180 +叫京师大学堂1902年10月14号京师大学堂举行了建校以来的第一次招生考试当时的考试 + +49:58.180 --> 50:07.700 +科目有史论 地理 政治 教设算学 理化 国文 共七门考生成绩评定采用百分之每科60分 + +50:07.700 --> 50:16.220 +为及格这也是中国高等院校规定以60分为及格计算学生成绩的开始1904年 京师大学堂选 + +50:16.220 --> 50:24.280 +出47名学生出国留学其中31人到日本 16人到欧洲这是京师大学堂派出的第一批留学生 + +50:24.780 --> 50:32.380 +1905年4月24号京师大学堂举行了第一届运动会这也是中国近代高等学校举行的第一次运 + +50:32.380 --> 50:40.940 +动会1907年京师大学堂试学馆和师范馆招收的第一批学生毕业3月13号在大学堂举行了隆 + +50:40.940 --> 50:49.920 +重的毕业典礼这也是我国教育史上第一次举行学生毕业典礼1920年2月王岚 西真 扎小元 + +50:49.920 --> 50:58.520 +三位女青年经校长蔡元培同意进入北京大学成为旁听生7月正式招收包括三名女青年在内的九名 + +50:58.520 --> 51:07.960 +本科女生这是中国高等院校最早的男女生同校以后中国各高等院校也开始男女生同校这是中央台 + +51:07.960 --> 51:19.580 +报道的日前香港青年社团联盟组织400名香港论坛在北京中国大饭店降下了帷幕来自世界著名 + +51:19.580 --> 51:26.560 +学府的100多位校长们我们在会上探讨了21世纪人类高等教育的发展趋势首先请看我们的记 + +51:26.560 --> 51:35.680 +者发自大会现场的报道世界著名大学校长论坛5月2日至3日在中国大饭店举行本次论坛的召开 + +51:35.680 --> 51:43.780 +得到了国内外高等教育界的热烈反应出席会议的是一批与北京大学有着广泛合作关系的世界著名 + +51:43.780 --> 51:51.120 +学府的校长来自包括英国牛津大学 美国斯坦福 伯克利 日本东京大学等60余所大学此外 + +51:51.120 --> 51:58.120 +20多所国内的著名大学校长以及一些高等教育问题专家也参加了会议5月2日上午论坛举行了 + +51:58.120 --> 52:03.200 +隆重的开幕式国务院副总理李燃清到会并发表了热情洋溢的讲话 + +52:21.360 --> 52:24.940 +对各位的光临表示欢迎 + +52:29.120 --> 52:42.220 +并且预着这次论坛会议取得圆满成功李兰清副总理在讲话中肯定了北京大学为开拓知识的疆域促 + +52:42.220 --> 52:50.720 +进中国学术与社会的进步做出的重要贡献他还指出高等教育的发展核心是学术和人才此后他又重 + +52:50.720 --> 52:53.180 +申了中国政府在教育问题上的观点 + +53:20.100 --> 53:34.200 +中国的高等教育在2014期一定会在中国的发展中发挥应有的很更大的作用开幕之后在会议短 + +53:34.200 --> 53:42.140 +暂的休息时间里记者发现此次会议的确已成为世界高等教育界的交流中心各大学似乎都希望通过 + +53:42.140 --> 53:50.660 +这次机会阐述自己在教育问题上的见解了解其他学校的动向并寻求合作的机遇称之为教育界盛会 + +53:50.660 --> 53:59.360 +毫不过分此外各媒体对会议反应之热烈使主办单位严格控制了记者人数但在休息时间的每一分钟 + +53:59.360 --> 54:08.280 +里各校长都成为了追踪的目标此次会议的通用语言为英语并且完全没有任何翻译这使得这次会议 + +54:08.280 --> 54:16.740 +并不再有浓厚的庆典色彩而更合乎国际学术会议的标准此次大会共同探讨了21世纪人类高等教 + +54:16.740 --> 54:25.920 +育发展的趋势共分为四个主要的议题二十一世纪大学的地位和作用二十一世纪的教学战略二十一 + +54:25.920 --> 54:35.340 +世纪大学与社会的联系二十一世纪大学的管理与财政事务北京大学校长 牛津大学校长斯坦福大 + +54:35.340 --> 54:45.700 +学校长俄国圣彼得堡大学校长等在大会上宣读了论文在一九九七年的牛津大学曾经发生过这样一 + +54:45.700 --> 54:53.860 +件事情一位沙特阿拉伯的富翁为牛津大学捐助了3400万美金却意外地被牛津大学拒绝了这 + +54:53.860 --> 55:01.460 +件事情在世界教育界引起了非常大的争论支持牛津大学这一方的人认为牛津大学保持了学术上的 + +55:01.460 --> 55:09.600 +独立性学校的主要目的是为社会服务而不是挣钱而反对一方的意见认为牛津大学放弃的不仅仅是 + +55:09.600 --> 55:18.400 +3400万美金更重要的是他们放弃了一个超过剑桥成为英国第一的机会今天在世界大学校长的 + +55:18.400 --> 55:30.800 +论坛上学校的资金与管理问题再次成为讨论的焦点我首先觉得牛津大学有一点是对的因为学校是 + +55:30.800 --> 55:42.540 +为社会服务的而不是挣钱的他们坚持这条原则是对的但是如果是在这个原则下面如果能够确保 + +55:42.540 --> 55:57.820 +我們教育跟學術研究的自主性那麼多渠道的來籌措學校辦學的資源是可以理解的也是可以採取的 + +55:57.820 --> 56:08.200 +我知道像美國的哈佛大學它有兩百人的隊伍為學校籌措資金斯坦福大學也是如此所以我覺得特別 + +56:08.200 --> 56:22.780 +在我們國家雖然國家對北京大學這樣的大學給了可以說是重點的支柱 支持但是離開我們的需要 + +56:22.780 --> 56:31.520 +是遠遠不過的特別是要辦成一流的大學這是很花錢的教育是很花錢的事那麼在您的任期之內北大 + +56:31.520 --> 56:38.360 +資源集團是建立起來了而且北大方程的銷售額也在突破猛進而且據消息說您說北大這次辦校慶也 + +56:38.360 --> 56:47.620 +得到了社會各方面財力物力的支持那麼您是不是北大歷史上最能掙錢的一位校長當然北大自己的 + +56:47.620 --> 57:00.680 +財力當時的勢力正在增長但是我相信隨著國家的富強國力的增強我的將來未來的繼承者會比我更 + +57:00.680 --> 57:10.780 +有辦法更有實力您的意思是您是空前了但是沒有絕後这个话怎么讲因为我们的经济确实是发展得 + +57:10.780 --> 57:25.540 +很快现在要跟十年前比那增加得多了您的大学里是否也面临财政问题呢是的 非常多的问题现在 + +57:25.540 --> 57:33.380 +世界上没有一个大学不面临财政问题一方面我们尽力说服我们自己我们需要更多的钱我们总是 + +57:33.380 --> 57:43.680 +需要更多的钱来支持我们的学生这当然也是事实在所有国家里更多的钱来自私人所以我们既吸收 + +57:43.680 --> 57:53.340 +来自政府的钱也吸收个人捐助的资金看起来许多的研究机构需要钱当然我也希望高等教育变得更 + +57:53.340 --> 57:54.040 +强大一些 + +58:09.460 --> 58:21.360 +我希望的金錢是高級教育的是從政府那裡來的還是從私人那裡來的錢更多一些呢從斯坦福大學的 + +58:21.360 --> 58:30.220 +情況來看是從私人那裡來的更多一些從政府來的錢對於我們來說只是夠做研究用的這大約是40 + +58:30.220 --> 58:34.140 +%左右其余的钱就来自私人的捐助 + +58:46.480 --> 58:58.560 +我们也拒绝了不少的募款的赚款因为他们要影响我们的独立住宿权我们宁愿不要这个钱但是要保 + +58:58.560 --> 59:07.700 +持我们自己的学校的独立的性格这个我想在美国也很普通的但是有许多事情并不是那么所谓黑板 + +59:07.700 --> 59:18.420 +分明有很多这个很细节所以要非常之小心维持一方面一定要在财政方面要开源但另外一方面要维 + +59:18.420 --> 59:26.900 +持一个学校固有的这个独立的性格所以很多新的问题产生那么您觉得学校开源最好的办法是什么 + +59:26.900 --> 59:37.940 +我想开源不外乎好几个一个是跟社会要结洽得很好比如说在美国的话或者西方国家有过人的赚款 + +59:38.500 --> 59:49.420 +是一个很大宗的然后公司行号跟学校的合作的赚款然后还有政府各个不同的机构但最主要的还 + +59:49.420 --> 01:00:02.560 +是我今天讲的不是钱的问题而是要把学校的它的作用 它的想法 它的前瞻性把它跟校外的人能 + +01:00:02.560 --> 01:00:14.880 +够沟通这样的话自然而然比如我有许多时候去不是为了赚钱但是跟很多富有的公司行号或者过人 + +01:00:14.880 --> 01:00:24.880 +谈到我们学校的发展情况他们都是慷慨截然几百万美金就给的我想所以最主要的问题还是一个理 + +01:00:24.880 --> 01:00:32.940 +念的问题我们最主要的就是一方面要去开拓裁员就是多做点产业学合作当然我们也希望社会各界 + +01:00:32.940 --> 01:00:41.520 +能够多给我们点资助因为我们是企业办的大学所以我们很有这个企业的精神那您觉得大学作为 + +01:00:41.520 --> 01:00:48.740 +一个企业的话它社会服务或者赚钱哪一个更重要呢其实我想当然是最主要是社会服务不过社会服 + +01:00:48.740 --> 01:00:56.240 +务的话也需要有资源所以这两个其实相辅相成那您所说的大学的资源您觉得最重要的是什么呢最 + +01:00:56.240 --> 01:01:03.880 +重要当然是人力资源我们需要有最好的教授最好的职业统人还有最好的学生有消息说北京大学将 + +01:01:03.880 --> 01:01:13.040 +在近日合并北京医科大学和北京航空大学这意味着这所综合大学的实力将变得更为强劲而在论坛 + +01:01:13.040 --> 01:01:20.500 +上另一个重要的议题就是大学的定位问题许多专家认为不是所有的大学应该办得大而全更重要 + +01:01:20.500 --> 01:01:29.820 +的是办成一流的大学那么假如你说是不是将来会变成一个大而全的缺少了一些比如说法律啊医学 + +01:01:29.820 --> 01:01:39.220 +这些是不是将来不会是非常非常全面的那答案是会的但是我们虽然不搞医学院不搞法律学院不搞 + +01:01:39.220 --> 01:01:49.800 +建筑学院但是我们在我们的边缘都是跟一些专攻这些方向的研究型大学是合作非常紧密比如说 + +01:01:49.800 --> 01:01:59.500 +我们跟北大就会合作非常紧密那么我们就不需要在某些方面跟北大竞争了而是互补了您是否认为 + +01:01:59.500 --> 01:02:02.520 +校际间的合作在新的世纪里会显得非常重要呢 + +01:02:05.920 --> 01:02:14.780 +非常重要比如从1996年我们就开始了和北京大学的合作我们和当时的校长陈嘉尔签订了合作 + +01:02:14.780 --> 01:02:15.200 +的协议 + +01:02:20.480 --> 01:02:32.660 +您认为和北大的合作是否成功呢是的我们有一个非常好的开端我们的合作几乎没有什么困难我们 + +01:02:32.660 --> 01:02:37.100 +可以利用现代通讯技术相互交换科学研究方面的信息 + +01:02:40.120 --> 01:02:51.820 +您觉得研究工作和教学工作哪个对于大学来说更重要一些呢我觉得你很难把这两者分割开来像宾 + +01:02:51.820 --> 01:03:00.960 +夕法尼亚州州里大学或者北京大学我们都在培养非常好的学生我们就需要有很好很新的知识而这 + +01:03:00.960 --> 01:03:04.640 +只能建立在现代化的科学研究的基础之上 + +01:03:14.460 --> 01:03:19.180 +有人说英特网有一天会取代大学教育您对此持什么看法呢 + +01:03:23.960 --> 01:03:32.740 +我想英特奈特可以做一部分的事情但不能取代大学做的任何事情我想Internet的主要作 + +01:03:32.740 --> 01:03:41.440 +用就是传播和交换信息但是大学做了更多的工作不仅仅是传播和交换信息大学创造了知识 更新 + +01:03:41.440 --> 01:03:42.020 +了知识 + +01:03:50.040 --> 01:03:57.180 +今天在各大学校长演讲中最频繁出现的一个词语就是Challenge 挑战许多报告中指出 + +01:03:57.180 --> 01:04:04.020 +如果高等教育不顺应时代的发展进行某种变革或者调整的话那么高等教育将面临的不仅仅是挑战 + +01:04:04.020 --> 01:04:12.140 +而是问题与威胁许多与会者认为这次大会的成功举办将对中国乃至世界21世纪高等教育的发展 + +01:04:12.140 --> 01:04:20.400 +带来深远的影响中国报道记者张全林在会议现场报道观众朋友上百名著名学府的校长们会集北京 + +01:04:20.400 --> 01:04:27.240 +引起了国内外传媒乃至中国政府世界教育界的高度重视此次活动的规模之大北大层次之高在中国 + +01:04:27.240 --> 01:04:35.500 +教育史上上书首次4月29日国家主席江泽民在北大逗游长达近三个小时用他自己的话来说他是 + +01:04:35.500 --> 01:04:43.440 +去为北大校庆增添气氛的明天他还将出席在人民大会堂举行的北大百年校庆的庆典并发布重要的 + +01:04:43.440 --> 01:04:51.860 +讲话这一切使得北大的校庆不再是北大或者是教育界的一件盛事而成为中国科教新国战略的一种 + +01:04:51.860 --> 01:04:58.040 +表白好 今天的节目就到这里结束了欢迎明天继续收看我们对北大消情的报道 + +01:05:41.120 --> 01:05:50.000 +4月10号刚刚组建的新一届中国男兰来到山海关某部队开始了为期十天的军训生活14名队员 + +01:05:50.000 --> 01:05:57.280 +被分成两个班有两名部队教官担任班长负责训练工作新兵武营头一课是对联训练 + +01:06:00.760 --> 01:06:09.400 +为什么我们要反复地练不断地练就是为了从对联训练中培养我们一种严肃尽力勇敢万象的作风良 + +01:06:09.400 --> 01:06:16.600 +好的追星姿态和气质希望大家理解对联训练的目的这样思想认识好了我们对联训练才能达到效果 + +01:06:21.540 --> 01:06:32.660 +不要快这些人高马大的队员穿的是定做的特大好迷彩服但是脚上的鞋却无法统一装备任人一眼就 + +01:06:32.660 --> 01:06:39.140 +看出这不是正规军一二三四一二一一一 + +01:06:44.720 --> 01:06:46.740 +开开开开 + +01:06:49.500 --> 01:06:57.180 +看到国手打军体拳时笨手笨脚的样子也许会怀疑他们在球场上是怎么做出那些令人眼花缭乱的高 + +01:06:57.180 --> 01:06:57.880 +难动作的 + +01:07:32.320 --> 01:07:41.120 +上午的训练内容完成之后班长要对大家的表现做一番小节加强纪律性革命无不胜唱歌也是加强纪 + +01:07:41.120 --> 01:07:42.580 +律性的一种有效的方式 + +01:07:46.740 --> 01:08:01.040 +我们唱一首这段讲演唱的音乐郭定英的连队预备唱郭定英的连队郭定英的兵郭定英的思想红彤彤 + +01:08:01.040 --> 01:08:21.140 +郭定英的子弹张着眼郭定英的刺刀血染红冲击像狂风剑手向铁掌撑国民的年轻英雄多国民的战士 + +01:08:21.140 --> 01:08:26.640 +洋洋红今天上午的训练就到这个地方加油 + +01:08:34.180 --> 01:08:41.100 +来到军营后中国南岚的队员们先后学会了十首部队革命歌曲 + +01:08:48.920 --> 01:08:57.480 +部队的歌曲呢我教了一部分二班长也教了一部分我们互相的我们轮流地教他们对经过的时候比较 + +01:08:57.480 --> 01:09:07.240 +感兴趣第一天兴趣挺高但是实际教的时候特别激动一唱起来呢就感动就唱不出来了声音比较小 + +01:09:07.240 --> 01:09:19.320 +没有气我是一个兵坐我是一个兵凡是参加过军训的人都会对开饭前的歌音比赛记忆深刻唱得越响 + +01:09:19.320 --> 01:09:24.320 +开饭就越早因此这时候的歌声往往是一天中最嘹亮的 + +01:09:42.460 --> 01:09:50.240 +中国男男在居英里享受的唯一特殊待遇是在饭桌上每人每天15元的伙食标准是他们在部队招待 + +01:09:50.240 --> 01:09:59.740 +所吃的颇为丰盛但是与平时训练局运动员造相比油水显然不够在吃过军营的第一顿饭之后队员们 + +01:09:59.740 --> 01:10:03.960 +就把小麦布仅有的两箱而且还是过期的蜂蜜面全都买走了 + +01:10:09.860 --> 01:10:17.700 +军营里的业余生活是单调的14个人同住的一间大屋子里打发时间的方式却只有两种看电视和玩 + +01:10:17.700 --> 01:10:18.120 +游戏机 + +01:10:27.020 --> 01:10:33.300 +来军营已经整整五天了大伙都盼望着有机会能够走出去呼吸一下军营外的空气 + +01:10:46.360 --> 01:10:54.480 +30公里拉链对中国南岚的小伙子们来说是一次严峻的考验平时在球场上连续跑两三个小时同家 + +01:10:54.480 --> 01:10:59.840 +常便饭但是现在让他们走上一天大伙普遍感到体力透支 + +01:11:04.700 --> 01:11:16.040 +感觉怎么样啊弟感觉总的来说还行为什么要总的来说还行当然走了十多公里肯定还是比较疲劳 + +01:11:16.440 --> 01:11:25.700 +但是这种走法还是第一次觉得比较新鲜也是考验一下自己像这种困难挑战一下 + +01:11:30.320 --> 01:11:36.400 +尽管每个人都疲惫不堪但是只能咬牙坚持阿迪江的右脚摸出了血泡 + +01:11:45.720 --> 01:11:55.080 +枪对男人来说总是拥有不可抗拒的诱惑力没有摸过枪的战士更算不上是一名真正的军人有弹架卡 + +01:11:55.080 --> 01:12:02.740 +绳这个东西叫弹架卡绳它往前面勾住然后下放往后一带下来卸的时候有点分解的时候利用这个右 + +01:12:02.740 --> 01:12:07.700 +手的肉后部分顶住这个卡绳然后向前一推它就掉了 + +01:12:12.360 --> 01:12:19.280 +别看这些队员估计都是国内篮坛响当当的人物可以拿起枪来简直就像一群顽皮的孩子 + +01:12:39.120 --> 01:12:46.680 +实弹射击这一天也许是队员们在整个军训期间最快乐最投入的时刻了没有过枪营等于白来军营一 + +01:12:46.680 --> 01:12:50.880 +趟可像姚明这么个打法简直是在浪费子弹 + +01:13:00.720 --> 01:13:10.800 +哪个是我打的三个八两个八一个两个八一个这儿打坏的吧没有看指导怎么样打完的打完的他要几 + +01:13:10.800 --> 01:13:24.820 +环啊二号九环三号零环四号七十七环六号零环作为体育项目来讲呢它是这个要求能够达到一个极 + +01:13:24.820 --> 01:13:35.200 +限在极限当中你去努力去完成这个项目那在这个军训当中就不一样了所以考验一个人的精神一个 + +01:13:35.200 --> 01:13:42.600 +人的这个意志没有一致品质做基础你也成不了一个优秀运动员所以跟这个部队的这个要求是符合 + +01:13:42.600 --> 01:13:47.660 +的那以后还想军训吗想期待下一次军训是不是对 + +01:14:07.240 --> 01:14:09.800 +请别着装惊我 + +01:14:23.820 --> 01:14:35.420 +北大是一部书北大是一幅历史的长卷北大是一首文明的史诗1898年在戊戌变法的血与火中中 + +01:14:35.420 --> 01:14:45.780 +成立的北京大学标志着中国现代高等教育的开端是中国新文化运动的中心是五四运动的发祥地是 + +01:14:45.780 --> 01:14:56.500 +传播民主科学思想和马克思主义的最初基地北大是一部书这本书浓缩了中华民族百年的求索百 + +01:14:56.500 --> 01:15:06.720 +年的抗争百年的奋进今日北大继承悠久传统融会时代精神星光灿烂只是瞩目 + +01:15:15.740 --> 01:15:29.220 +這是一塊神奇的土地多少人魂牽夢繞多少人意望作為中國最高學府的北京大學現在位於北京西郊 + +01:15:29.220 --> 01:15:42.180 +的海淀區這裡曾是清代的皇家園林历史的人文景观与今日的人才汇翠凝聚成永恒的精神魅力鲁迅 + +01:15:42.180 --> 01:15:53.400 +先生概括北大的校格的时候说北大是常为心的今日的北京大学经过不断创新与发展逐渐确立了它 + +01:15:53.400 --> 01:16:04.340 +在中国教育界和学术界的崇高地位并且以一流的教学质量杰出的学术成就和深沉的文化底蕴飞升 + +01:16:04.340 --> 01:16:20.860 +中外科学 民主 爱国 进步一种光荣而博大的传统在这里生根发芽勤奋 严谨 求实 创新一 + +01:16:20.860 --> 01:16:25.520 +种开放而鲜活的氛围在这里绵延不绝 + +01:16:29.740 --> 01:16:42.160 +北京大学拥有着全国最强的师资力量作为吸引人才的家园和培养人才的摇篮这里名师云集 群星 + +01:16:42.160 --> 01:16:56.540 +璀璨形成了北京大学一种特有的风博深邃的智学品格和学术精神在目前的三千多名教师和科研人 + +01:16:56.540 --> 01:17:11.720 +员中有教授866人副教授801人中国科学院院士中国工程院院士29人博士生导师530人 + +01:17:12.980 --> 01:17:26.060 +教授和博士生导师人数均居全国高校首位成为全国高等院校中学科水平顶尖教育质量优秀国家重 + +01:17:26.060 --> 01:17:33.760 +点学科最多中国科学院院士居冠国际联系最为广泛的一所大学 + +01:17:36.820 --> 01:17:48.620 +许多国际著名的政治家社会活动家诺贝尔奖获得者等各界知名人士都是今日北大的名誉博士或者 + +01:17:48.620 --> 01:18:04.220 +名誉教授在北大百年辉煌的记录中一代又一代学问风波人品崇高的老师培养了一代又一代好学深 + +01:18:04.220 --> 01:18:20.920 +思全面发展的学子白发的先生和黑发的学子共同创造出了一项又一项高水平的科研成果百年来北 + +01:18:20.920 --> 01:18:35.300 +大培养出十几万学子其中许多人都成为卓有建树的专家学者领导干部这些优秀的人才为祖国的发 + +01:18:35.300 --> 01:18:49.600 +展与进步居功尽瘁 呕心沥血在北大学习或者工作过的师生当中成为中国科学院和中国工程院院 + +01:18:49.600 --> 01:19:04.000 +士的就有近四百人从中国科学院学部委员到国务院学位委员会委员以及学科评议组成员包括国家 + +01:19:04.000 --> 01:19:17.200 +级有突出贡献的中青年专家和许多合作教授与兼职教授使今日北大成为一座比大海还宽广比天空 + +01:19:17.200 --> 01:19:19.820 +还深邃的思想宝库 + +01:19:28.080 --> 01:19:43.280 +今日北大即人文科学社会科学自然科学工程技术科学管理科学教育科学等多种学科为一身目前 + +01:19:43.280 --> 01:19:55.660 +已经拥有8个学院另外还有22个系87个本科生专业148个硕士生专业101个博士生专业 + +01:19:55.660 --> 01:20:10.240 +总计学生23900多人今日北大秉承蔡元培校长兼容并包思想自由的办学原则吸纳各科学领域 + +01:20:10.240 --> 01:20:23.400 +的发展成绩为一流人才的成长提供了广阔的空间今日北大既真实传统又放眼未来面对瞬息万变的 + +01:20:23.400 --> 01:20:34.640 +现代社会今日北大积极推进教学改革对现在开设的一千九百多门本科生课程和一千九百多门研究 + +01:20:34.640 --> 01:20:46.500 +生课程总计3800多门课程进行了梳理规范与合并并且有步骤地重点扶持一批机干课程 素质 + +01:20:46.500 --> 01:21:01.660 +课程和精品课程以淡化专业分流培养为方针努力探索人才培养模式和途径本科生可以同时攻读主 + +01:21:01.660 --> 01:21:14.500 +修和辅修两个专业开办文科和理科综合试验班对优秀学生实施通才教育等等都是今日北大教育教 + +01:21:14.500 --> 01:21:28.020 +学改革的重要尝试特别是邓小平理论课的开设受到学生们的好评今日北大正在逐步建立一个面向 + +01:21:28.020 --> 01:21:34.060 +21世纪的学科体系将展示出一个全新的教育格局 + +01:21:40.020 --> 01:21:48.540 +欲穷千里目更上一层楼穷心壮志的北大人准备再创下个世纪的辉煌 + +01:21:51.280 --> 01:22:04.700 +从教学规模到教学环境今日北大都呈现出一种日新月异的态势一种朝气蓬勃的景象良好的教学设 + +01:22:04.700 --> 01:22:15.440 +施和先进的仪器设备作为现代化的教学条件成为今日北大教学环境又一个最显著的方面北京大学 + +01:22:15.440 --> 01:22:28.080 +211工程首批建设36个项目其中学科建设21项基础教学建设13项从数学科学中心实验室 + +01:22:28.080 --> 01:22:40.500 +到现代化工实验室从多媒体制作实验室到文科计算机教学实验室和理科危机实验室从电教语言教 + +01:22:40.500 --> 01:22:53.980 +室到视觉与听觉实验室从物理到化学从地理摇杆信息到环境污染与控制从生命科学与生物工程到 + +01:22:53.980 --> 01:23:06.100 +核物理与核技术突出优势与重点学科优化与合理配置资源充分体现出国家把北京大学列为重中之 + +01:23:06.100 --> 01:23:17.500 +重 优先支持的宏伟构想通过这良好的教学环境和先进的教学条件可以看出国家创建世界一流大 + +01:23:17.500 --> 01:23:28.960 +学实施科教新国的战略眼光从一定的意义上说它也代表了当前中国教育环境和教育条件的最高水 + +01:23:28.960 --> 01:23:29.260 +准 + +01:23:45.920 --> 01:24:01.660 +漫步渊源新与旧中国与西方历史与未来自然与人文奇迹般的水乳交融交融成一首悠扬的乐章交融 + +01:24:01.660 --> 01:24:18.160 +成一幅绚丽的画卷交融成一篇婉转的诗歌美国友人艾德加斯诺说过这是世界上最美的校园小小的 + +01:24:18.160 --> 01:24:31.200 +卫明湖被北大师生当作海洋绕湖一周飞檐抖角尽入眼底小桥流水目不暇击燕园风景是所有北大人 + +01:24:31.200 --> 01:24:45.180 +心灵深处永不褪色的一张老照片北大刚一成立的时候呢它就是就取代以前的进士制度就取代以前 + +01:24:45.180 --> 01:24:58.280 +的科举制度所以那时候有人就管北大叫做近视官我原来是燕京大学但是我的老师之一引导我走上 + +01:24:58.280 --> 01:25:07.480 +现在道路的是北京大学毕业的北大是我一生理想的所在从很小的时候就希望能够长大以后到北大 + +01:25:07.480 --> 01:25:19.120 +读书我觉得这样一所学校确实是一个学习的理想之地北大的一个卫面湖的灵气确实应用了一代的 + +01:25:19.120 --> 01:25:30.200 +学者和培养了一代的学子当时北大的传统就是说是最好的老师教基础课是我一年级三门主课就是 + +01:25:30.200 --> 01:25:43.660 +当时的一级教授江振寒先生到北大以后看到北大许多有名的教授他们学诗声音深渊他们博学多才 + +01:25:44.240 --> 01:25:59.580 +他们的求学的精神给我也很大的影响不大的尊光你去识别虽然简单但是不大的教师教科都是非常 + +01:25:59.580 --> 01:26:09.860 +认真的可以说是北京大学把我推向了世界舞台的因为我现在从事的是国际关系的教学和研究我们 + +01:26:09.860 --> 01:26:19.100 +这一百多年里头我们文史这各个系产生了一大批著名的学者或者是我们今天讲的大师吧我这一生 + +01:26:19.100 --> 01:26:32.640 +啊在北大我是四六年来的到现在是五十二年超过半个世纪他们的工作手法他们的教育那个逆境的 + +01:26:32.640 --> 01:26:43.960 +态度他们对这个科研逆境的这种政气啊那种刻苦择念啊那种中文啊这个不大的校风非常好北京大 + +01:26:43.960 --> 01:26:56.320 +学的学术气氛很浓而且不仅仅是浓北京大学的学术气氛是很自由虽然我是毕业在吉林大学但北大 + +01:26:56.320 --> 01:27:05.620 +待了43年自己感觉也是北大人是这块土地上很多上热情的手帮着我迈出了成长过程中非常关键 + +01:27:05.620 --> 01:27:18.020 +的一步我去这深深地感觉到北京大学作为一所百年的老校确实有着它非常深厚的文化和科学的底 + +01:27:18.020 --> 01:27:27.240 +蕴当然北大也有压力这压力就来自于它是一个地中的很优秀的学者在这所以每天都不敢放松自己 + +01:27:27.240 --> 01:27:41.420 +总觉得每天都觉得一种压力我毕业的那一年正是北京大学庆祝50周年我毕业了就留校工作到 + +01:27:41.420 --> 01:27:52.720 +现在呢就要庆祝一百周年了北大所学习成长战斗几乎可以这么说一生将会成长 + +01:27:56.700 --> 01:28:05.040 +有乐家深的了解也会有乐家深的感情唯一的一个愿望就是怎么样北京大学扮成世界一路的一所社 + +01:28:05.040 --> 01:28:15.020 +会主义大学能够为实现中国科教新国的战略能够做出更大的贡献北大百年孝兴之际一座雄伟古朴 + +01:28:15.020 --> 01:28:27.860 +的现代化多功能新图书馆又拔地而起迁就图书馆浑然一体新文化运动的倡导者胡适说过大学之大 + +01:28:27.860 --> 01:28:30.780 +一个重要标准是必须 + +01:28:35.660 --> 01:28:49.200 +我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我 + +01:28:49.200 --> 01:28:57.200 +可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出 + +01:29:19.260 --> 01:29:29.960 +请不吝点赞 订阅 转发 打赏 + +01:29:29.960 --> 01:29:46.800 +支持明镜与点点栏目在这座图书馆里年轻的学子们与不同时空的大师们精神沟通 心灵撞击中华 + +01:29:46.800 --> 01:29:54.500 +文明的精华 世界文明的精华如百川归大海在这里汹涌澎湃 + +01:30:03.700 --> 01:30:16.340 +北京大学的地质博物馆又是一个一彩分成的世界采自全国各个省市自治区的岩石以及世界一些地 + +01:30:16.340 --> 01:30:30.660 +区的标本仿佛都在献身说法叙述着宇宙的形成和地球科学的发展几十年的辛勤积累两千多件展品 + +01:30:30.660 --> 01:30:43.460 +的丰厚管存使这里成为地质教学与科研的重要设施而且也成为国际学术交流的重要场所几代北大 + +01:30:43.460 --> 01:30:52.420 +学者风里来雨里去的身影在这里定格几代帝制人的汗水在这里结晶 + +01:31:01.380 --> 01:31:14.520 +帝制博物馆珍藏了自然界的鬼斧神工考古与艺术博物馆都展示了中国艺术的博大精深北京大学赛 + +01:31:14.520 --> 01:31:25.860 +克勒考古与艺术博物馆的藏品主要是中国旧石器时代至明清时期的历代文物以及中国考古学教学 + +01:31:25.860 --> 01:31:40.700 +和研究标本它是全国高校中最大的考古及文物馆具有良好的教学条件和优越的学术环境博物馆与 + +01:31:40.700 --> 01:31:50.200 +西欧 俄罗斯 日本 韩国 印度等多次进行国际交流与世界考古教学和考古科研接轨 + +01:32:07.940 --> 01:32:20.960 +祖风流人物 环探今朝今日北大有着自己新一代生机勃勃的学子除了书山有路 琴为镜学海无涯 + +01:32:21.080 --> 01:32:32.920 +苦作周的求学生活北大学生还拥有丰富多彩的课余生活北大校园的社团活动充满了盎然生机和青 + +01:32:32.920 --> 01:32:44.320 +春的活力精彩分成的学术讲座充满智慧的演讲比赛百花齐放的文化节竞争激烈的体育竞技形成了 + +01:32:44.320 --> 01:32:57.140 +独特的校园文化现有的八十个学生社团无论在数量上还是在质量上都走在了高校前列校园文化的 + +01:32:57.140 --> 01:33:06.660 +活跃发展不仅使学生从中获取了知识和技能而且在这个第二课堂中陶冶了勤操 磨练了意志 增 + +01:33:06.660 --> 01:33:18.640 +长了才干同时也体现了北大多学科环境给学生带来的积极影响鲜明的个性 特殊的才华在北大都 + +01:33:18.640 --> 01:33:21.080 +能得到淋漓尽致的发挥 + +01:33:25.060 --> 01:33:36.840 +今日北大是开放的北大北大的留学生数量居全国高校之首来自五大洲四大洋的洋学生们无论是金 + +01:33:36.840 --> 01:33:49.740 +发碧眼的还是黑皮肤卷头发的全都深爱上了这座校园留学生当中既有本科生又有进修生既有硕士 + +01:33:49.740 --> 01:33:59.900 +生又有博士生和研究学者从文科专业扩展到理科专业对于促进中外文化交流相互了解有着重要的 + +01:33:59.900 --> 01:34:09.720 +意义从文史哲到数理化甚至一道包饺子都在外国留学生的学习课程中体现了今日北大的特色 + +01:34:15.140 --> 01:34:26.980 +今日北大的另一优势就是重点实验室的建设水平和整体规模目前全校总共拥有各类实验室116 + +01:34:26.980 --> 01:34:40.860 +个这其中国家重点实验室和重点学科专业实验室共16个列有国家级工程研究中心两个这使今日 + +01:34:40.860 --> 01:34:52.660 +北大不仅成为中国重要的教育中心同时也使它成为中国重要的科学研究基地坚持理论与实践相结 + +01:34:52.660 --> 01:35:04.380 +合坚持为经济建设中心服务在继续保持基础学科传统优势的同时着重发展应用研究特别是高科技 + +01:35:04.380 --> 01:35:12.160 +研究方面科研成果层出不穷许多方面都已经达到甚至超过国际先进水平 + +01:35:22.180 --> 01:35:34.600 +今日北大在文理科研究方面都做出了重大贡献一本接一本的学术专注功课难关 填补空白从国家 + +01:35:34.600 --> 01:35:44.860 +科技进步奖到世界各种国际奖不仅写入了今日北大的史册也载入了人类科学与文明的史册 + +01:35:49.640 --> 01:35:59.380 +科技是第一生产力科研成果转换成生产力在北大已经蔚然成分今日北大在校办高科技产业方面 + +01:35:59.380 --> 01:36:10.380 +已经形成了以学校雄厚的基础研究和硬研究为源头的产学研相结合的高科技产业格局不仅为北大 + +01:36:10.380 --> 01:36:16.640 +做出了重要贡献也为中国高科技产业的振兴走出了一条成功之路 + +01:36:21.200 --> 01:36:32.840 +与国际著名大学建立学术交流关系把高水平的外籍专家学者请进来有效地促进教学科研和学科的 + +01:36:32.840 --> 01:36:43.600 +发展这是今日北大又一种开放式风范今从1996年到1997年北大就聘请来自19个国家和 + +01:36:43.600 --> 01:36:55.640 +地区的外国专家299人1997年北大主办协办的国际会议就达17次初期会议的境外学者6 + +01:36:55.640 --> 01:36:59.820 +34人在国内外引起了广泛影响 + +01:37:02.640 --> 01:37:15.640 +今日北大是一所开放型的大学它隶俗中国放眼世界扎根历史 眺望未来北大已经与遍布全球的 + +01:37:15.640 --> 01:37:26.920 +140多所著名大学建立了校级关系进行了卓有成效的教学与科研的合作互相促进 互相补充 + +01:37:27.040 --> 01:37:42.420 +互相学习双方都取得了长足的进步北大走向世界 世界关注北大北大是一部书从昨天翻到今天还 + +01:37:42.420 --> 01:37:54.220 +将从今天翻到明天每一页都记录下了北大人的光荣每一页都记录下了北大人的骄傲每一行字里都 + +01:37:54.220 --> 01:38:00.020 +隐藏着动人的故事每一行字里都蕴含着美好的理想 + +01:38:05.760 --> 01:38:19.880 +北大属于中国北大属于世界古老而年轻的北京大学在它未来漫长的岁月里必将为人类的文明做出 + +01:38:19.880 --> 01:38:22.280 +更加辉煌的共存 + +01:38:46.980 --> 01:39:03.400 +北京大学北京大学是中国人最优秀的大学我们的大学是中国人最优秀的大学北京大学是中国人最 + +01:39:03.400 --> 01:39:16.120 +优秀的大学我们的大学是中国人最优秀的大学我们在北京大学不仅想向北京优秀但也想要提供 + +01:39:16.120 --> 01:39:34.400 +我们期待北京和麦吉尔在下来的年代进行更严谨的合作北京大学在这一年纪念100周年在它们 + +01:39:34.400 --> 01:39:47.320 +的分别历史上北京大学也是一个独立的在中国的社会和政治进步中是一个非常重要的动力在中国 + +01:39:47.320 --> 01:39:56.500 +的社会和政治进步中北京大学成为了中国最高学府的中心学位在今年創立110年它是一个非常 + +01:39:56.500 --> 01:40:10.340 +重要的成果这是北京大学的优秀在这一年来它成为了高中的目标 + +01:40:12.640 --> 01:40:26.760 +北京大学有深厚的中华文化传统办学一百年使固有的文化发扬光大它是一个地方在哪里有传统的 + +01:40:26.760 --> 01:40:35.160 +中华文化和现代的中国是更加密切的在这一百年您的学校在世界上受到最高的关注是世界各地的 + +01:40:35.160 --> 01:40:43.120 +教育者和其他领导人所提供的对于北京大学的100周年庆祝我们非常重要地将这次的机会展示 + +01:40:43.120 --> 01:40:55.380 +在我们两个大学之间以继续建立更强烈的关系我们将更深入地与北京大学的关系并且将更深入地 + +01:40:55.380 --> 01:40:58.480 +与 + +01:40:58.480 --> 01:41:20.760 +北京大学的关系两大学都会成为一个进步的基础我们希望 + +01:41:20.760 --> 01:41:35.080 +这次的一年这次的交易会继续发展北京大学的学生和学生会有长久的生活在此时,我希望表达 + +01:41:35.080 --> 01:41:44.900 +我的信心和真实希望,在这一百年之内,我们将不但领导北京大学的影响,也将领导我们的心。 + +01:41:45.380 --> 01:41:57.140 +我祝你一切顺利,以你未来的工作进行在下一个世纪。至于未来的事,重要的是不只是预测,而 + +01:41:57.140 --> 01:42:15.220 +是让它成功。进驻北京大学学术精进校运昌隆我希望 + +01:42:15.220 --> 01:42:25.140 +能够恭喜所有在北京大学和北京大学 + +01:42:25.140 --> 01:42:39.660 +的同志自己繼續發揮帶頭作用從事科教新國的大業北京大學也為了一個大國的服務就像在印度它 + +01:42:39.660 --> 01:42:49.560 +也成為了一種國際發展的源頭我們在印度在4月4日在這重要的一天上來敬你北京大學的期待在 + +01:42:49.560 --> 01:42:54.520 +這個世紀中我會在這裡乾杯乾杯 + +01:43:51.240 --> 01:43:54.120 +字幕志愿者 杨栋梁 + +01:44:23.100 --> 01:44:24.440 +字幕志愿者 杨栋梁 + +01:44:28.780 --> 01:44:37.240 +江泽民主席代表党中央国务院并以他个人的名义道会祝贺发表讲话中共中央总书记国家主席江泽 + +01:44:37.240 --> 01:44:45.780 +民在讲话中强调指出北大在长期发展和斗争历程中形成的爱国进步民主科学的光荣传统显示的不 + +01:44:45.780 --> 01:44:54.340 +断钻研求实创新向上的优良学风生动的体现了中国人民自强不息开拓进取的民族精神也是北大永 + +01:44:54.340 --> 01:45:03.560 +保生机的重要动力这种优良传统和精神动力要永远发扬光大江泽民说今天是五四青年节五四运动 + +01:45:03.560 --> 01:45:10.900 +的精神最根本的就是中华民族爱国主义精神当代中国的广大青年要继续继承和发扬五四运动的光 + +01:45:10.900 --> 01:45:19.240 +荣传统努力担当起振兴中华的历史使命创造出无愧于时代和人民的业绩江泽民在讲话中向北大同 + +01:45:19.240 --> 01:45:27.360 +学和所有高等院校的大学生向全国各界青年提出了四点希望坚持学习科学文化与加强思想修养的 + +01:45:27.360 --> 01:45:35.780 +统一坚持学习书本知识与投身社会实践的统一坚持实现自身价值与服务祖国人民的统一坚持树立 + +01:45:35.780 --> 01:45:44.380 +远大理想与进行艰苦奋斗的统一他说祖国的未来是无限美好的青年的未来也是无限美好的祖国和 + +01:45:44.380 --> 01:45:52.260 +民族的希望寄托于青年希望广大青年和全国人民一道在党的基本理论和基本路线指引下同心同德 + +01:45:52.260 --> 01:46:01.720 +勇于开拓向着新世纪前进向着现代化的光辉目标前进向着中华民族的伟大复兴前进教育部部长陈 + +01:46:01.720 --> 01:46:09.380 +志力宣读了教育部的贺信联合国秘书长安南也发来贺信他高度赞扬了北京大学对中国的科学文化 + +01:46:09.380 --> 01:46:17.360 +生活所产生的巨大影响大会开始前江泽民等党和国家领导人还会见参加了庆祝大会的80多位海 + +01:46:17.360 --> 01:46:26.160 +外大学校长和著名科学家这是中央台报道的对于许多中国学子来说能考上北京大学是他们一生的 + +01:46:26.160 --> 01:46:33.620 +光荣今天4万多名来自世界各地的北大毕业生代表聚集到他们梦中的母校用各种方式表达他们对 + +01:46:33.620 --> 01:46:40.860 +北大的眷恋之情所以今天的北大可以称得上是群贤必至 少长贤极请看记者所做的新闻特写 + +01:46:42.500 --> 01:46:50.780 +今天的北京风和日丽 春风拂面北京大学校园里到处是一派喜气洋洋的气象卫明湖 武祠运动场 + +01:46:50.940 --> 01:46:57.860 +水塔 古朴典雅的西校门菜园培塑像等标志性景物都使北大校友们倍感亲切和激动 + +01:47:02.520 --> 01:47:10.320 +不少已经年过半百的老校友还回忆起自己当年怀揣北大录取通知书第一次迈进北大校门时的情景 + +01:47:11.020 --> 01:47:20.920 +第一次见到北京大学的话就是就是 嗯 当然非常激动嗯 因为在我们那边好像说一个县城里面 + +01:47:20.920 --> 01:47:28.160 +也没有一个县里面也没有一个考上北京大学的校友们面对自己上过课的教室读过书的图书馆锻炼 + +01:47:28.160 --> 01:47:36.440 +身体的操场当年的学习生活似乎历历在目给我印象最深刻的 排队到图书馆抢位子有时候那个 + +01:47:36.480 --> 01:47:47.720 +赶紧的有时候那个位子抢不上就拿那个书包在外面排队当年我们都是18岁的小孩子到这来之后 + +01:47:47.720 --> 01:47:57.280 +抱着对北大的渴求最高学府都想好好学可是我们刚一做实验的时候就背手背脚的老师还批评我们 + +01:47:57.280 --> 01:48:07.300 +北大台湾校友会平均年龄近70岁许多人是带病专程来参加百年校庆的自己也感觉到很想念很想 + +01:48:07.300 --> 01:48:16.560 +念回来但是我们现在有的同学已经腿了腿不能动了有的躺在那里我们来的时候他们就很羡慕我说 + +01:48:16.560 --> 01:48:24.940 +你们可以去了北大的一切都值得每一个北大人怀念而最不能让所有北大人忘怀的是北京大学爱国 + +01:48:24.940 --> 01:48:34.860 +进步民主科学的传统以及自由浓厚的学术风气还有勤奋严谨求实创新的校训北大年届九十的著名 + +01:48:34.860 --> 01:48:43.060 +哲学家张代年和著名语言学家纪宪林已经伴随北大走过半个多世纪的风雨历程随北大这几十年来 + +01:48:43.060 --> 01:48:57.240 +有一个特点就是常常是开风气之先能够开风气这根本就是在追求真理研究学问方面能够提出新的 + +01:48:57.240 --> 01:49:07.960 +观点新的见解来我们无论研究学术无论干什么最后目的是振兴中华张阳是北大年龄最小的大学生 + +01:49:07.960 --> 01:49:16.140 +今年还未满14岁从一进校我就深深地感受到北大科学民主的优良传统这些都是我们应该学习和 + +01:49:16.140 --> 01:49:16.720 +继承的 + +01:49:19.860 --> 01:49:28.580 +这是中央台报道的最早被称为京师大学堂的北京大学从1898年创办到今天已经整整走过了 + +01:49:28.580 --> 01:49:37.980 +一个世纪的风雨历程现在我们就一起来回顾北大100年北京大学是中国历史最悠久的大学,创 + +01:49:37.980 --> 01:49:45.440 +立于1898年,出名京师大学堂,它是务虚维新运动的产物,也是中国近代第一所由中央政府 + +01:49:45.440 --> 01:49:53.140 +创办的国立综合性大学。1912年5月,京师大学堂改名为北京大学,严复为北京大学首任校 + +01:49:53.140 --> 01:50:00.080 +长。1916年12月,著名的民主主义革命家、教育家和思想家蔡元培,被任命为北京大学校 + +01:50:00.080 --> 01:50:08.220 +长。上任后,他提出《寻思想自由原则,取兼容并包主义的办学方针先后聘请了陈独秀 李大钊 + +01:50:08.320 --> 01:50:16.680 +鲁迅 钱玄同胡适 马寅初 马旭伦 李四光 温文浩 蒋孟林等一大批著名学者和具有革新思 + +01:50:16.680 --> 01:50:24.900 +想的人到北大任教北京大学几乎集中了当时国内所有的一流学者使北大民主思想 科学思想和 + +01:50:24.900 --> 01:50:32.720 +自由研究之风十分浓厚随即成为中国新文化运动的中心是五四爱国运动的发祥地在反帝反封建的 + +01:50:32.720 --> 01:50:40.900 +爱国运动中他始终走在最前列到1919年北大拥有数学 物理 化学 地质中文 英文 经济 + +01:50:40.960 --> 01:50:49.260 +法律等14个系2000多名学生是当时中国规模最大的高等学府同年鲁迅为北大设计了校徽校 + +01:50:49.260 --> 01:50:57.300 +徽体现了北大以人为本的精神1935年北大投身到由共产党领导的129运动中去为推动抗日 + +01:50:57.300 --> 01:51:05.400 +民族统一战线的建立发挥了作用1937年抗日战争爆发北京大学和清华大学南开大学南迁云南 + +01:51:05.400 --> 01:51:14.520 +昆明组成国立西南联合大学坚持教学和科学研究培养出一大批杰出人才抗战胜利后1946年北 + +01:51:14.520 --> 01:51:22.980 +京大学复校胡适任北京大学校长1949年中华人民共和国成立1951年马寅初被任命为新 + +01:51:22.980 --> 01:51:30.740 +中国北京大学第一任校长经过近半个世纪的建设北京大学成为一所拥有自然科学、工程技术科 + +01:51:30.740 --> 01:51:38.000 +学、人文科学、社会科学、管理科学、教育科学、语言科学、医学等多种学科的综合性大学。 + +01:51:38.520 --> 01:51:46.260 +1958年北大成立了中国第一个原子能系,为中国国防科技事业培养了一批骨干人才,特别是 + +01:51:46.260 --> 01:51:54.160 +为中国原子弹氢弹的成功爆破做出了重大贡献。1960年至1965年由北大化学系和中国科 + +01:51:54.160 --> 01:52:01.880 +学院有关研究所合作在世界上第一次人工合成牛乙岛素标志着人类在探索生命奥秘的科学研究中 + +01:52:01.880 --> 01:52:10.720 +跨出了重要一步1974年北京大学又研制成功中国第一台百万次电子计算机80年代北大又研 + +01:52:10.720 --> 01:52:19.020 +制开发出计算机机关汉字编辑排版系统使汉字印刷业告别千与火的历史步入光与电的时代被誉为 + +01:52:19.020 --> 01:52:27.820 +中国印刷业的第二次革命目前北京大学共有8个学院和23个系87个学士专业149个硕士专 + +01:52:27.820 --> 01:52:36.580 +业101个博士专业52个研究所63个研究中心2个国家级工程研究中心11个国家重点实验 + +01:52:36.580 --> 01:52:45.780 +室4个国家重点学科专业实验室有中科院和中国工程院院士30人第三世界科学院院士3人教授 + +01:52:45.780 --> 01:52:54.660 +814人包括博士生导师530人北大的中科院院士 博士生导师 教授的数量均居全国高校首 + +01:52:54.660 --> 01:53:02.360 +位目前北大有在校生2.4万人还有来自世界上70多个国家和地区的外国留学生2000多人 + +01:53:02.740 --> 01:53:10.760 +建校100年以来北京大学共培养毕业生近13万人勤奋 严谨 求实 创新是北京大学的校训 + +01:53:11.300 --> 01:53:19.380 +这是中央台报道的作为北大校庆系列活动之一北京大学星纪念雕塑揭幕仪式今天在北京大学举行 + +01:53:20.660 --> 01:53:29.180 +经国际小天体命名委员会批准由北京天文台研究员北京大学天体物理专业校友陈建生院士领导的 + +01:53:29.180 --> 01:53:37.820 +观测宇宙学课题组发现了一颗小行星被命名为北京大学星以一所大学的名字来命名天体物质这在 + +01:53:37.820 --> 01:53:46.520 +我国天文史上还是第一次为庆祝北京大学建校100周年国家邮政总局今天发行北京大学建校一 + +01:53:46.520 --> 01:53:55.160 +百年纪念邮票一枚这枚纪念邮票以北京大学百年历程中具有代表意义的京师大学堂张城 沙滩红 + +01:53:55.160 --> 01:54:04.140 +楼燕园西校门三组画面为图案生动体现了北京大学诞生崛起和发展壮大的不同历史阶段展现了北 + +01:54:04.140 --> 01:54:12.240 +京大学光荣的革命传统和优良的学术传统为配合这枚纪念邮票的发行国家邮政总局还同时发行了 + +01:54:12.240 --> 01:54:21.680 +成了首日封 纪念封和极限明信片这是中央台报道的另外亚洲最大的大学图书馆北京大学图书馆 + +01:54:21.680 --> 01:54:30.940 +新馆揭幕仪式今天在北京大学举行北京大学图书馆是收藏文献最多的大学图书馆现有藏书445 + +01:54:30.940 --> 01:54:39.680 +万册这次新图书馆的建成使北大图书馆成为亚洲最大的大学图书馆总面积达到5.2万平方米总 + +01:54:39.680 --> 01:54:47.960 +藏书容量超过700万册月览座位5000个新馆造型设计采用了北大燕园固有的民族化建筑风 + +01:54:47.960 --> 01:54:57.420 +格内部采用计算机网络系统光盘数据存储及检索服务系统数字通信和音像设备自动化安全监控等 + +01:54:57.420 --> 01:55:06.040 +先进技术据了解北京大学新图书馆是由香港的李嘉诚先生捐资1000万美元建造的这是中央台 + +01:55:06.040 --> 01:55:06.600 +报道的 + +01:55:12.720 --> 01:55:20.420 +今天是五四青年节为了纪念伟大的五四运动79周年全国各地各集团组织连日来举行了形式多样 + +01:55:20.420 --> 01:55:29.260 +的纪念活动天安门广场人民英雄纪念碑前北京青年继承五四光荣传统做跨世纪四友新人主题团会 + +01:55:29.260 --> 01:55:39.600 +在雄壮的国歌声中拉开帷幕一万名新团员面对鲜红的团旗庄严宣誓在福州 在西宁正值18岁青 + +01:55:39.600 --> 01:55:48.300 +春年华的青年学生也在今天庄严宣誓步入成人行列在山城重庆近万名团员青年在歌乐山烈士陵园 + +01:55:48.300 --> 01:55:57.840 +举行高举伟大旗帜奔向新世纪逝世大会来自广东江西四川重庆等地的81对新婚夫妇则在重庆 + +01:55:57.840 --> 01:56:06.740 +人民广场举行了集体婚礼81对新人还在珊瑚公园种下了一棵棵爱情长青树大连是青少年情绪五 + +01:56:06.740 --> 01:56:15.260 +次青春作伴爱洒绿地文明护律活动在青年节期间再现高潮据了解目前大连市已有30多万名青年 + +01:56:15.260 --> 01:56:24.140 +加入了文明护律行列昨晚数百名外来亲工相聚在广东青年文化广场欣赏了广州乐团为他们献上的 + +01:56:24.140 --> 01:56:32.480 +节日礼物交响音乐会广东省同创文明共享欢乐为主题的服务外来亲工系列文化活动也同时拉开帷 + +01:56:32.480 --> 01:56:42.100 +幕连日来上海 河南 山西 吉林甘肃、陕西、山东、江苏、四川、广西、深圳等地的团组织纷 + +01:56:42.100 --> 01:56:50.140 +纷开展了为下岗职工办实事帮助下岗职工掌握一技之长的系列服务活动香港青年联会 + +01:56:56.660 --> 01:57:05.000 +您好观众朋友欢迎收看中国报道今天也就是5月4号是北京大学100周年校庆日这意味着中国 + +01:57:05.000 --> 01:57:12.900 +现代高等教育有了一百年的历史今天早上国家主席江泽民在人民大会堂北京大学校庆庆典上发表 + +01:57:12.900 --> 01:57:21.840 +了重要讲话首先请看记者的报道今天上午十点北京大学一百周年校庆庆典在人民大会堂举行庆典 + +01:57:21.840 --> 01:57:29.760 +的会场选择在人民大会堂以及江泽民 朱镕基 李鹏 李瑞环等中国最高层领导人的出席使得北 + +01:57:29.760 --> 01:57:38.620 +大的校庆意义再次升级校庆成为真正意义上党和国家的大事可容纳八千人的会场里气氛极为热烈 + +01:57:38.620 --> 01:57:47.900 +北大校长陈嘉尔中国教育部部长陈之力牛津大学校长清华大学校长及北大学生代表分别做了讲话 + +01:57:47.900 --> 01:58:01.340 +联合国秘书长安南向大会发来了贺信衷心祝福与警国同呼吸共命令风雨同行的步校永老青春最后 + +01:58:01.340 --> 01:58:03.380 +江泽民主席发表了重要讲话 + +01:58:30.020 --> 01:58:44.060 +在国教导的科学知识是第一次必须尊重知识 尊重人才江泽民主席在报告中指出全党全社会要高 + +01:58:44.060 --> 01:58:52.300 +度重视知识创新人才开发对经济发展社会进步的重要作用使科教新国真正成为全民族的广泛共识 + +01:58:52.300 --> 01:59:02.000 +和实际行动而在此之前的4月29日江泽民主席还特地来到了北京大学考察近三个小时用他自己 + +01:59:02.000 --> 01:59:09.840 +的话说他虽然会参加今天在人民大会堂举行的庆典但是他还是应该亲自到北大看一看给北大的校 + +01:59:09.840 --> 01:59:18.400 +庆增添一点气氛这三个小时使飞飞续续中的北大沸腾起来北大的此次校庆活动成为北大发展的 + +01:59:18.400 --> 01:59:27.380 +一个重要契机也成为国家再次强调重视教育的一个机会在北大江主席参观了一些教研设施并在热 + +01:59:27.380 --> 01:59:34.620 +烈亲切的气氛中与北大师生代表进行了座谈他还兴致勃勃地来到了学生食堂同正在就餐的学生亲 + +01:59:34.620 --> 01:59:44.000 +切握手交谈声 掌声 笑声 问候声交织在了一起北大的校庆活动提前进入了高潮为了参加这次 + +01:59:44.000 --> 01:59:54.240 +校庆活动许多校友从各地赶来了他们把参加这次校庆活动作为了解北大 了解中国的一个机会5 + +01:59:54.240 --> 02:00:02.960 +月2号凌晨一辆从深圳发来的专列已经到达了北京现在出航空港的是从旧金山飞来的80名校友 + +02:00:02.960 --> 02:00:11.500 +大家想到那么多人千里回来呢因为我们热爱北大我们热爱我们的母校我们认为我们之所以有今天 + +02:00:11.980 --> 02:00:22.080 +也是北大培育的结果据估计今天共有4万校友回到母校校园内总人数超过7万北大周边主要交通 + +02:00:22.080 --> 02:00:29.880 +干线进行了交通管制但是数天以来仍造成了严重的交通堵塞北大四周的宾馆饭店早在数月前便 + +02:00:29.880 --> 02:00:39.040 +已经预定额满校园内一片喜庆气氛各系都组织了校友聚会而在新建的图书馆前留念成了最受人们 + +02:00:39.040 --> 02:00:49.740 +欢迎的活动你今天穿上特别鲜艳的红衣谢谢 因为校庆啊我觉得这个是喜庆洋洋的一些大事情北 + +02:00:49.740 --> 02:01:00.100 +大一百周年我们都非常非常高兴40年没有见面的老同学握在一起的手久久没有分开回到我们 + +02:01:00.100 --> 02:01:08.580 +40年前同学的那种情况了所以感到特别高兴那您今天回到校园里你觉得有什么变化吗变化很大 + +02:01:08.580 --> 02:01:19.180 +我在北大待了20年从50年到73年我感到我经常回北大来我们同学也经常聚会但是北大天天 + +02:01:19.180 --> 02:01:30.720 +都有变化日新月异的变化所以我经常拍活花也是为了反映北大的美北大人的精神许多校友在返校 + +02:01:30.720 --> 02:01:41.160 +时都带来了他们的孩子我想就是让我的孩子体验一下我们下层这种龙号的气氛就是说这种传统这 + +02:01:41.160 --> 02:01:51.820 +一次这个本年小庆这个去隆重的程度我们原来也没有想到没想到会这么隆重这个说明北大还是 + +02:01:51.820 --> 02:02:02.480 +很有前途觉得40年前的学生和现在的学生有什么区别我想还是有区别我想从这个用功这个一样 + +02:02:02.480 --> 02:02:10.080 +的但现在的学生显然比过去的学生更开放思想更活跃眼界更宽阔我想这个跟整个我们国家整个时 + +02:02:10.080 --> 02:02:17.920 +代都是合拍的你觉得再过十年北大会变成什么样我想再过十年北大按照我们的目标来讲当然要变 + +02:02:17.920 --> 02:02:27.540 +成世界的第一流的大学我想我们再过十年以后我们北大的学术水平会进一步的提高跟国际能够相 + +02:02:27.540 --> 02:02:36.260 +比同时我们在世界上可能影响就更大引人注意的是北大这次校庆最主要的组成部分是16个国际 + +02:02:36.260 --> 02:02:44.620 +学术研讨会这意味着北大在新的历史发展时期将更注重培养人才与提高学术水平以达到北大提出 + +02:02:44.620 --> 02:02:52.440 +的在下一世纪成为世界一流大学的目标北京大学已经有了100年的历史从这一点上来说北大是 + +02:02:52.440 --> 02:02:59.820 +古老的但是在采访中我们发现几乎每一位回到燕园的校友都会告诉你北大在发生着巨大的变化从 + +02:02:59.820 --> 02:03:08.540 +这一点来说北大又是长新的事实上北大就像中国教育的一面镜子在悠远古老的中国文明中不断地 + +02:03:08.540 --> 02:03:12.620 +前进发展着中国报道记者张全林在北京大学报道 + +02:03:19.620 --> 02:03:27.440 +观众朋友北京大学校长陈嘉尔是北大第29任校长在他的任期内他迎来了北大的第100个生日 + +02:03:27.440 --> 02:03:36.380 +也将面临世纪之交的高等教育改革这一切将使他成为北大历史上不平凡的一位校长今天他接受了 + +02:03:36.380 --> 02:03:43.860 +我们中国报道记者的专访4月29号的早上江主席到北大进行了近三个小时的参观那么一个非常 + +02:03:43.860 --> 02:03:52.640 +重要的一个国家元首他到北大来进行参观我觉得这还是第一次那么他是不是对北大有所偏爱我想 + +02:03:52.640 --> 02:04:03.000 +江志学之所以到北大来当然一方面他自己讲了他跟同学讲了他说我是来跟大家同庆北大的百周年 + +02:04:03.000 --> 02:04:16.400 +这江志学自己讲的但是我想就不是对北大的偏爱而是体现了江志学对于教育对于人才的高度的重 + +02:04:16.400 --> 02:04:31.820 +视体现了我们国家实施科教新国战略这样一个高章远足的英明的阶层那么这次江主席走进燕园 + +02:04:31.820 --> 02:04:39.480 +包括一些像全世界的校长论坛这样大型的一些活动已经使这次北大的校庆不简单是一个学校的校 + +02:04:39.480 --> 02:04:46.960 +庆这样一个程度了那么我想北大它能有今天历史上这么高的地位我们可能马上就会想起比如说五 + +02:04:46.960 --> 02:04:54.040 +四运动新文化运动那么它始终和国家的命运是紧紧联系在一起的那么现在在一个政治相对稳定经 + +02:04:54.040 --> 02:05:01.040 +济大力发展的一个情况下北大要树立一个什么样的新的形象我记得美国的一个著名教育家叫杜威 + +02:05:01.040 --> 02:05:14.900 +有句话他说如果要比起校长来讲是蔡元飞先生领导的北大要比任何其他一所学校对一个国家的影 + +02:05:14.900 --> 02:05:29.140 +响要大得多所以他当时给了陈建平一个很高的评价那么我想这是江主席对我们北大百中研他有个 + +02:05:29.140 --> 02:05:44.000 +提词他提词的内容就是说要发扬爱国进步科学民主的光荣传统为振兴中华做出更大的贡献这个既 + +02:05:44.000 --> 02:05:56.340 +是对我们北大精神的一个肯定又是对我们提出的一个要求所以现在在一个新的时期改革开放要建 + +02:05:56.340 --> 02:06:07.320 +设一个中国特色的社会主义建设现代化的一个繁荣富强的国家那么我们北京大学更应该本着这样 + +02:06:07.320 --> 02:06:25.880 +的精神来发展我们的高等教育培养高速度的人才在学术上能够有更大的建树我们北京大学把自己 + +02:06:25.880 --> 02:06:39.720 +的目标定为在下一世纪要成为世界的一流大学之一也就是所谓的World Major + +02:06:39.720 --> 02:06:52.220 +University那么如果从这样的要求来衡量的话我觉得我们首先在人才培养基础人才 + +02:06:52.220 --> 02:06:59.620 +方面要下功夫我们过去北京大学培养了一大批 + +02:07:03.340 --> 02:07:12.820 +很有贡献的人像您了解的蒋祖英您刚才提到了蒋祖英我想人们在想起他的时候首先想到的不是他 + +02:07:12.820 --> 02:07:19.020 +在学术上的能力而是他的那种奉献于科学的精神那么您觉得今天的学生在北大校园里仍然能学到 + +02:07:19.020 --> 02:07:31.000 +这些东西吗这样一个奉献的精神始终是北京大学学生所引以为荣的另外从学校来讲,我们感觉到 + +02:07:31.000 --> 02:07:42.360 +更需要把专业的教育跟人文素质的教育,或者叫通识教育,有的人叫liberal + +02:07:42.360 --> 02:07:51.980 +education,把它结合在一起。就是什么意思呢就是不能光有专业的知识专业的知识是 + +02:07:51.980 --> 02:08:09.880 +需要的但是呢还需要有人文的好的素养所以我们学校里边文科的学生要学习自然科学理科的学生 + +02:08:09.880 --> 02:08:22.720 +要学中文要学中国同时我们就希望通过这个办法能够把学生的人才的素养提高那么我们知道在北 + +02:08:22.720 --> 02:08:29.600 +大的历史上出过非常多的名校长比如说颜福 蔡元培这样的校长那么您觉得也许再过一百年人们 + +02:08:29.600 --> 02:08:40.560 +总会怎么来评价您这位校长和您任期内的这一段北大历史我当然是非常敬佩蔡元培校长还有好多 + +02:08:40.560 --> 02:08:53.300 +我的前任包括像马英初校长也好周老爷也好等等我自问自己我的能力很有限我的知识水平也很有 + +02:08:53.300 --> 02:08:53.660 +限 + +02:08:56.320 --> 02:09:09.500 +但是我想你可能知道北京大学是有一次非常优秀的教师队伍我们有世界一类的学生所以把我有限 + +02:09:09.500 --> 02:09:21.160 +的能力跟他们结合在一起这个力量就是不可估量的了为搬成世界一流的大学今午的力量来打好基 + +02:09:21.160 --> 02:09:35.000 +础所以我们首先要按照国家的口交信仰的战略进行教育的改革这个就包括一个是我方才提到的要 + +02:09:35.000 --> 02:09:48.080 +进行使得学生他的整个的人文的素质思想道德科学文化素养要提高另外一方面呢要充分利用北京 + +02:09:48.080 --> 02:10:02.380 +大学学科期权技术理论墙教学研究精密结合跟国际交流比较充分这样的条件能够促进东方西方文 + +02:10:02.380 --> 02:10:14.660 +化的教会出进人文科学跟自然科学的结合创造一个宽松的学术研究的环节观众朋友现在在我们节 + +02:10:14.660 --> 02:10:22.300 +目播出的同时北大校庆的晚会正在宴园内进行北大校园内仍充满了热烈的气氛刚才我们的记者从 + +02:10:22.300 --> 02:10:30.780 +北大打电话回来说许多校友今天将留在校园彻夜长谈而北大办公楼礼堂前已经汇集了一群学生 + +02:10:30.780 --> 02:10:38.140 +因为明天上午四位得过诺贝尔奖的华人科学家将在这里进行演讲而许多想参与的学生们还没有得 + +02:10:38.140 --> 02:10:45.880 +到入场券观众朋友明天我们将对这场演讲会进行报道今天的中国报道节目就到这里结束了感谢您 + +02:10:45.880 --> 02:10:47.720 +的收看明天的同一时间再见 + +02:11:03.160 --> 02:11:11.460 +中国中央电视台国际频道每晚9点30分首播中央电视台第二号节目每晚11点13分重播 + +02:11:33.640 --> 02:11:44.900 +PK学校是中国第一个学校它在14月14日1902年中国国际上学生的联系在1904年学 + +02:11:44.900 --> 02:11:56.300 +校派出了中国的第一班学生来读外国在2月1920年学校也派出了中国女性同学的教育除了这 + +02:11:56.300 --> 02:12:11.360 +些派出的努力学校也作为国家社会进展的在1919年,《美国四周年》是由大学开始的,是 + +02:12:11.360 --> 02:12:20.540 +中国的最早的基础为卫生和科学思想的执行,并且是中国的传统思想。很多影响力的人物,例如 + +02:12:20.540 --> 02:12:29.900 +陈独秀、李大钊和毛泽东,是中国共产党的创始人,还有陆迅,一位写家曾经在大学教授或执行 + +02:12:29.900 --> 02:12:45.100 +工作国家的进步没有过多深入的在过去一百年来,大学的历史反映了中国的宗教传统而这种关注 + +02:12:45.100 --> 02:12:57.060 +的国家,一直继续在发生陈正亮,大学总理是大学的主要目标所有学生 特别是学生他们总是把 + +02:12:57.060 --> 02:13:07.240 +我们国家的未来当作自己的未来这是一个非常重要的心理大学的最大特点是同样的重点在科学和 + +02:13:07.240 --> 02:13:18.520 +自由艺术上北京大学应该继续发展自由艺术以致更多的贡献说了老师叶朗我们现在的社会中很多 + +02:13:18.520 --> 02:13:28.100 +问题很多社会问题现在的社会问题不能够解决单纯从科技和科技上而是从社会和人文学上在这 + +02:13:28.100 --> 02:13:38.020 +方面北京大学的自由艺术学院的富有传统将承担强大的职位北京大学从1949年开始担任了超 + +02:13:38.020 --> 02:13:48.320 +过80,000的学生很多人都成为了中国的各种发展的在这两年之内,学校在国际和省市层层 + +02:13:48.320 --> 02:14:00.520 +上完成了1900多项研究。在中国的历史中,北京大学有着特别的位置。当国家进入新一年, + +02:14:00.800 --> 02:14:11.800 +北京大学将以传统价值和新的精神来进行更多的进展。刘昌英,CCTV News,北京。土 + +02:14:11.800 --> 02:14:31.860 +耳其大学的百年史今天的学生为国家的传统驱动展示了他们的支持陈晨有更多一座北京大学在6 + +02:14:31.860 --> 02:14:47.740 +月30日早上举行的五星红旗北京大学的学生说土耳其的土耳其文化运动 民主 和科学是在大 + +02:14:47.740 --> 02:15:01.480 +学中的两种例子他说学生们想表达他们的深刻土耳其感觉在这样的庆祝中星期六庆祝准备两个月 + +02:15:01.480 --> 02:15:09.580 +前一群选择学生被送到天安门国际兵团以实施军事训练利用 Arena + +02:15:13.440 --> 02:15:24.620 +mortal审理report 结 + +02:15:24.620 --> 02:15:27.880 +果 + +02:15:27.880 --> 02:15:41.260 +世界北京大学的共产党总裁说特别关注的就是与习近平的教育有关他说1990年代习近平的教 + +02:15:41.260 --> 02:15:55.340 +育取得了新的意义这让我们需要新的教育提供不同于以前的教育他说他希望学生们会继续持续学 + +02:15:55.340 --> 02:15:56.860 +校的习近平传统 + +02:16:27.100 --> 02:16:36.020 +陈晨,CCTV News在全亞各地的大堂書館中佈置了超過4500個書館並佈置了7萬多 + +02:16:36.020 --> 02:16:58.300 +本書新的書館是配備最進步的電子機器和電腦網絡另外 書館的管理中也使用了多媒 + +02:16:58.300 --> 02:16:59.000 +體系統 + +02:17:02.860 --> 02:17:11.760 +请不吝点赞 订阅 转 + +02:17:11.760 --> 02:17:11.880 +发 打赏支持明镜与点点栏目 + diff --git a/docs/baseline/px070tk8203_a_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/px070tk8203_a_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6dab30e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/px070tk8203_a_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1394 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:02.560 --> 00:03.780 +Tanya Cushman Reviewer's Tanya Cushman + +00:03.780 --> 00:06.040 +Reviewer's Tanya Cushman ...tonight and + +00:06.040 --> 00:07.800 +that's the opening. The opening is for me + +00:07.800 --> 00:09.940 +saying I'm the person who normally + +00:09.940 --> 00:13.200 +introduces the speaker, who introduces the + +00:13.200 --> 00:16.660 +evening speaker. But tonight we really + +00:16.660 --> 00:19.300 +have no speaker. So the first thing I + +00:19.300 --> 00:21.820 +wanted to ask you is to help me welcome + +00:21.820 --> 00:24.180 +Mrs. Pina Bausch and the dancers. + +00:46.300 --> 00:48.700 +Now, as you imagine, although my friend + +00:48.700 --> 00:50.100 +Jeffrey Schnapp is standing here, I'm + +00:50.100 --> 00:51.540 +standing here, we are not going to do the + +00:51.540 --> 00:56.680 +performance tonight. Maybe next time. So + +00:56.680 --> 00:58.480 +Matthias Schmigel from the Tanztheater + +00:58.480 --> 01:00.840 +will introduce the dancers of the + +01:00.840 --> 01:03.700 +Tanztheater to you. Good evening, thank + +01:03.700 --> 01:06.340 +you very much. First I will start with + +01:06.340 --> 01:08.240 +Julie Shanahan from Australia. + +01:14.680 --> 01:17.360 +Juliana Arante from Brazil. + +01:23.920 --> 01:32.100 +Rafael Delonay from France, Fernando + +01:32.100 --> 01:38.660 +Suell from Venezuela, and + +01:38.660 --> 01:40.540 +the one in charge of our our music, + +01:40.760 --> 01:42.240 +Matthias Burckert from Germany. + +01:47.080 --> 01:49.180 +See, now you know that part of the reason + +01:49.180 --> 01:50.880 +to organize tonight's event was to show + +01:50.880 --> 01:53.220 +you what a multicultural country Germany + +01:53.220 --> 01:55.960 +is, especially Wuppertal. This is truly + +01:55.960 --> 02:00.400 +amazing. Talking of which, this is a very + +02:00.400 --> 02:03.420 +special event also to give thank you to + +02:03.420 --> 02:05.680 +President Kasper, not only for his + +02:05.680 --> 02:07.360 +continued support, now that we enter the + +02:07.360 --> 02:10.080 +final stretch of the early round of the + +02:10.080 --> 02:12.800 +Presidential Lectures and Symposia. I need + +02:12.800 --> 02:15.140 +to say tonight that, Pina, I think that's + +02:15.140 --> 02:17.300 +true. We wouldn't have gotten you without + +02:17.300 --> 02:19.480 +Gerhard's intervention. And there's a + +02:19.480 --> 02:22.080 +secret, because President Kasper and Pina + +02:22.080 --> 02:24.300 +Bausch are both members of the highest + +02:24.300 --> 02:26.040 +order, one of the highest orders of the + +02:26.040 --> 02:28.060 +Federal Republic of Germany, the Puhle + +02:28.060 --> 02:30.120 +Merit. So this is for the two Puhle Merit + +02:30.120 --> 02:30.820 +prize-takers. + +02:38.100 --> 02:39.860 +And I wouldn't want to miss the + +02:39.860 --> 02:41.640 +opportunity to briefly, briefly announce + +02:41.640 --> 02:45.200 +our other events of this artsy program in + +02:45.200 --> 02:48.480 +the fall of this academic year. Our next + +02:48.480 --> 02:50.180 +event will be a colloquium, humanities, + +02:50.420 --> 02:53.600 +social sciences, and law on the topic past + +02:53.600 --> 02:55.560 +dependencies and that will take place in + +02:55.560 --> 02:58.080 +the law school on November 5th, Friday, + +02:58.260 --> 03:01.280 +and November November 6th, a Saturday, and + +03:01.280 --> 03:02.860 +there will be, because this is the Artsy + +03:02.860 --> 03:05.800 +Fall, a piano recital by Charles Rosen on + +03:05.800 --> 03:08.620 +the evening of Friday. The following event + +03:08.620 --> 03:10.480 +is just the following Monday, November + +03:10.480 --> 03:13.240 +8th. This will be a lecture in our lecture + +03:13.240 --> 03:15.080 +series of the art historian Svetlana + +03:15.080 --> 03:19.660 +Alpers. And finally, on November 29th, + +03:19.660 --> 03:22.020 +again a Monday, in Kresge Auditorium, + +03:22.020 --> 03:24.660 +we'll have a bilingual poetry reading by + +03:24.660 --> 03:28.660 +the great Chinese poet Bei Dao and by his + +03:28.660 --> 03:31.140 +translator and friend Elliot Weinberger. + +03:31.380 --> 03:33.380 +So we'll have poems in Mandarin and poems + +03:33.380 --> 03:35.780 +in English and the next day as always + +03:35.780 --> 03:38.840 +there will be ample opportunity for + +03:38.840 --> 03:43.800 +discussion. Now I was saying that I was + +03:43.800 --> 03:45.840 +not introducing a person who's introducing + +03:45.840 --> 03:48.900 +Pina Bausch because so many people we know + +03:48.900 --> 03:50.700 +it from the hits counted have seen the + +03:50.700 --> 03:52.940 +website but I would like to inform you + +03:52.940 --> 03:55.720 +briefly what we have planned tonight. In a + +03:55.720 --> 03:57.280 +minute, in literally a minute, Pina Bausch + +03:57.280 --> 03:59.760 +will take over and lead you into the dance + +03:59.760 --> 04:01.540 +rehearsal. And the very exciting thing for + +04:01.540 --> 04:03.000 +us is we have no clue what's going to + +04:03.000 --> 04:06.140 +happen. It's going to be great, no doubt + +04:06.140 --> 04:09.220 +about it. After an hour or so, Pina Bausch + +04:09.220 --> 04:11.820 +will ask my colleague and friend Jeffrey + +04:11.820 --> 04:13.980 +Schnap, the Rossetti Professor of Italian + +04:13.980 --> 04:15.720 +Literature and Comparative Literature, + +04:15.740 --> 04:17.120 +that's not the official title but I want + +04:17.120 --> 04:20.840 +to say it's complete too, and he will then + +04:20.840 --> 04:22.700 +have a discussion, conduct a discussion + +04:22.700 --> 04:25.480 +with Pina and with the dancers and we will + +04:25.480 --> 04:29.420 +soon open up to the floor. And then at 9 o + +04:29.420 --> 04:32.260 +'clock sharp, more or less sharp, we will + +04:32.260 --> 04:34.280 +have on behalf of President Kasper a + +04:34.280 --> 04:36.220 +reception here in the courtyard of Roble + +04:36.220 --> 04:39.280 +and that is definitely a reception for + +04:39.280 --> 04:41.820 +everybody. So we really have to help us to + +04:41.820 --> 04:44.680 +eliminate, to delete all the food which + +04:44.680 --> 04:47.260 +will be out there at 9 o'clock. So thanks + +04:47.260 --> 04:49.160 +again for coming and Pina we are so much + +04:49.160 --> 04:49.620 +looking forward. + +05:02.640 --> 05:09.740 +Oh yes. Good evening. I'm very very happy + +05:09.740 --> 05:15.280 +and honored to be here at Stanford and I + +05:15.280 --> 05:17.360 +like to thank very much for this wonderful + +05:17.360 --> 05:17.860 +invitation. + +05:21.370 --> 05:23.560 +For me it's very difficult because usually + +05:24.520 --> 05:27.360 +I have not much work because what I have + +05:27.360 --> 05:30.160 +to say I usually try to do with my works + +05:30.160 --> 05:36.180 +on the stage. And so it was not possible + +05:36.180 --> 05:38.620 +to do here performance because we are on + +05:38.620 --> 05:40.400 +tour, we are in the moment in Berkeley. + +05:40.400 --> 05:44.160 +And then I thought maybe it would be very + +05:44.160 --> 05:50.480 +nice to just show a bit of the work. And I + +05:50.480 --> 05:56.380 +thought about the Rite of Spring from Igor + +05:56.380 --> 05:56.940 +Stravinsky. + +06:00.220 --> 06:06.120 +This is the part of the chosen one, the + +06:06.120 --> 06:11.620 +end of this work. and it's a chosen one, + +06:11.740 --> 06:16.780 +so it's the girl who has to dance till she + +06:16.780 --> 06:22.320 +dies, actually. So, we are not prepared at + +06:22.320 --> 06:27.460 +all. It's really something we didn't... I + +06:27.460 --> 06:30.220 +told them yesterday, kind of, what we're + +06:30.220 --> 06:35.460 +going to do. and Ruthie, she did it + +06:35.460 --> 06:39.060 +actually many times in the choreography. + +06:40.100 --> 06:42.460 +Rafaela has learned it two, three years + +06:42.460 --> 06:45.060 +ago, but she never danced it. Julie + +06:45.060 --> 06:47.580 +touched it once a little bit. And + +06:47.580 --> 06:50.920 +Fernando, I also like to do it. Usually + +06:50.920 --> 06:54.860 +it's a woman who is doing that. He never + +06:54.860 --> 06:58.720 +did it, but they always see it. they see + +06:58.720 --> 07:00.780 +it many times because usually when this + +07:00.780 --> 07:04.600 +dance happens the other people are all + +07:04.600 --> 07:07.660 +there, they watch how that happens. So I + +07:07.660 --> 07:11.380 +thought maybe I want to do something too, + +07:11.480 --> 07:14.400 +I thought maybe it's nice to do a little + +07:14.400 --> 07:16.740 +work with them and that's why they are not + +07:16.740 --> 07:18.500 +prepared otherwise I have nothing to do. + +07:20.520 --> 07:25.340 +But to have just a little bit the idea of + +07:25.340 --> 07:28.460 +it Maybe it's a little bit difficult for + +07:28.460 --> 07:31.580 +Ruchi, but maybe the best is once like + +07:31.580 --> 07:36.800 +easily, because it's hard. Maybe she can + +07:36.800 --> 07:39.140 +show once a dance, and then we do piece by + +07:39.140 --> 07:40.580 +piece, work a little bit on it. + +08:21.160 --> 08:24.920 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +08:54.080 --> 08:55.480 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +09:24.080 --> 09:25.480 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +09:54.080 --> 09:55.480 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +10:24.080 --> 10:25.480 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +10:54.080 --> 10:55.480 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +11:24.080 --> 11:25.480 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +11:54.040 --> 11:55.440 +¶¶ + +12:23.680 --> 12:25.080 +¶¶ + +12:53.220 --> 12:54.080 +¶¶ + +13:17.040 --> 13:19.700 +Usually it's, of course, without + +13:19.700 --> 13:23.000 +preparation and without the peace when + +13:23.000 --> 13:24.760 +that happened, it's also it's a little + +13:24.760 --> 13:28.780 +complicated and usually the it's a yeah + +13:28.780 --> 13:31.340 +it's about the earth about the spring and + +13:31.340 --> 13:33.220 +usually when they dance it it's in the + +13:33.220 --> 13:35.320 +earth and when they fall it's the whole + +13:35.320 --> 13:37.120 +thing is very different because you never + +13:37.120 --> 13:39.780 +have a floor like this the dancing and the + +13:39.780 --> 13:44.460 +earth so that's very different thank you + +13:44.460 --> 13:48.840 +so okay + +13:48.840 --> 13:53.700 +Okay, we start a little bit. You must just + +13:53.700 --> 13:54.500 +a little bit help. + +14:02.340 --> 14:05.480 +We take the first bit, a little marking. + +14:05.660 --> 14:07.320 +You remember the... + +14:09.540 --> 14:11.960 +They all go away. Please come here. + +14:17.660 --> 14:19.480 +I don't want to dance, you should dance. + +14:22.120 --> 14:24.060 +You know the movement, you know this one, + +14:24.080 --> 14:25.720 +because many things in the choreography, + +14:26.000 --> 14:27.720 +they are also in different ways, different + +14:27.720 --> 14:29.820 +combinations, so it's not so new, the + +14:29.820 --> 14:32.800 +step. You have this one, only without + +14:32.800 --> 14:36.720 +the... And this, and this with head down. + +14:36.920 --> 14:40.480 +And then the weight, and we go back. And + +14:40.480 --> 14:42.080 +again. + +14:44.240 --> 14:50.340 +And with looking. And go back again. And + +14:50.340 --> 14:52.940 +you have heard me wrote this. + +14:54.620 --> 14:58.160 +The third time. The third time, only till + +14:58.160 --> 15:01.280 +here. Yeah, only till here. Here, then + +15:01.280 --> 15:09.400 +here, here, down, + +15:10.200 --> 15:21.180 +down, down, up, down, down, up. And, oh, + +15:21.280 --> 15:27.760 +I'm sorry. Sorry. I'm sorry, yeah. One + +15:27.760 --> 15:31.900 +more time. And this. + +15:35.160 --> 15:39.760 +One more. And like you're getting yourself + +15:39.760 --> 15:41.120 +and then up. + +15:46.840 --> 15:50.300 +Changing direction. One more. + +15:54.680 --> 16:04.080 +Not much. Okay. Okay. Okay, yeah. Oh, it's + +16:04.080 --> 16:09.600 +down, the accent is always . The accent is + +16:09.600 --> 16:13.140 +down. And right away. + +16:17.940 --> 16:19.260 +With looking. + +16:22.940 --> 16:25.100 +Third time. Okay. + +16:30.060 --> 16:39.700 +And up and again this one, like this. + +16:46.860 --> 16:53.980 +It's like so. You go here and then you + +16:53.980 --> 16:56.980 +take it from here, you squeeze, you take + +16:56.980 --> 16:59.400 +it out here like this. Out and it's like + +16:59.400 --> 17:03.040 +you hit. No, no. You take it out and it's + +17:03.040 --> 17:07.340 +like you're hitting yourself. and then and + +17:07.340 --> 17:11.860 +then and then and then and then and then + +17:12.920 --> 17:15.800 +and then and then back and then change + +17:19.440 --> 17:22.180 +maybe we mark it a few times and we just + +17:22.180 --> 17:25.560 +hear it with the music just marking yeah + +17:25.560 --> 17:25.960 +Matthias? + +17:29.480 --> 17:31.900 +without the fall without the fall in the + +17:31.900 --> 17:32.140 +beginning + +18:04.180 --> 18:04.400 +Not much yet. + +18:08.520 --> 18:13.000 +Just that you know with the music. Easy. + +18:14.080 --> 18:14.900 +Not too much. + +18:41.460 --> 18:44.680 +Okay, okay, okay. Okay. Okay. + +18:49.140 --> 18:54.740 +Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. + +18:59.300 --> 19:04.980 +Okay. da da da, da da da, only below. da + +19:04.980 --> 19:09.400 +da da, and you have this arm, this arm, + +19:09.560 --> 19:15.940 +and you put together, so, round together, + +19:17.160 --> 19:21.980 +oh, microphone, and like a curve, like a + +19:21.980 --> 19:26.040 +curve back. Can you show it again please? + +19:32.060 --> 19:35.940 +Just a little bit. Just that. Yeah. + +19:46.780 --> 19:50.160 +This like a circle. Like make a circle. + +19:55.520 --> 20:01.380 +Yeah, and yeah, + +20:01.560 --> 20:07.340 +okay, then from here, you have with the + +20:07.340 --> 20:09.520 +leg, I do without the leg, you have this + +20:09.520 --> 20:14.560 +arm. From here, you go here with the leg + +20:14.560 --> 20:19.040 +up, up, and this. Oops, it's my + +20:19.040 --> 20:25.500 +microphone. Here. So here, like to cover + +20:25.500 --> 20:28.620 +yourself, and then it's like, yeah, da, + +20:28.880 --> 20:32.640 +da, yeah, da, da, yeah. And then you have + +20:32.640 --> 20:34.880 +the music when you have some music, da + +20:34.880 --> 20:41.520 +-hum, again, da-da, hum, hum. Yeah. So, + +20:41.700 --> 20:42.140 +again. + +21:12.640 --> 21:15.580 +In the music you have to hear it. It's + +21:15.580 --> 21:19.500 +over the music. There's a certain sound + +21:19.500 --> 21:23.420 +you do. Up, down, down, down, up, arm. + +21:27.640 --> 21:28.160 +Again. + +21:35.480 --> 21:37.660 +Wait, let's do it again. Again without. + +21:38.900 --> 21:42.100 +Yes, that's just small, it takes a little + +21:42.100 --> 21:44.180 +time. It's small, yes. + +21:47.320 --> 21:48.840 +Yes, with the head, head. + +21:57.340 --> 22:00.100 +That's one passé, yes. Not too diagonally, + +22:00.120 --> 22:04.520 +a little flatter. A little flatter. + +22:07.780 --> 22:11.620 +up and then somebody takes you here on the + +22:11.620 --> 22:17.000 +wrist yes and that is like quick no not + +22:17.000 --> 22:20.080 +looking up but looking yes like you cover + +22:20.080 --> 22:23.440 +yourself you protect yourself yes and then + +22:23.440 --> 22:25.120 +you go in all directions like fighting + +22:25.120 --> 22:28.660 +like like this yeah and then music is like + +22:28.660 --> 22:32.160 +up down down down up arm + +22:40.860 --> 22:43.320 +Maybe we mark it from the beginning, + +22:43.540 --> 22:46.020 +including this. Okay. + +23:36.240 --> 23:40.060 +Instrumental Do an extra before you + +23:40.060 --> 23:40.500 +actually start. + +23:43.340 --> 23:46.700 +Like a little jump, with stretched legs. + +23:55.390 --> 23:57.820 +Have you realized the music? + +24:11.720 --> 24:15.360 +up down, down down, up up. + +24:21.780 --> 24:24.120 +Without putting the hand extra, don't have + +24:24.120 --> 24:30.860 +it here. So you are, you just + +24:30.860 --> 24:33.580 +up down. That's more like squeezing in, + +24:33.780 --> 24:36.140 +it's like the knees, you know, here. So + +24:36.140 --> 24:40.480 +it's like, it's not like so, but together. + +24:40.640 --> 24:44.720 +Like that. Just up. And then like that. + +25:00.200 --> 25:04.360 +You know, here. here, here, here. So + +25:04.360 --> 25:07.560 +actually this is looking out, far. This is + +25:07.560 --> 25:09.780 +up, and that's down. + +25:19.600 --> 25:23.760 +Third. Yeah, you are here, and then it's + +25:23.760 --> 25:26.820 +like a jump. Yeah, yeah. + +25:29.920 --> 25:30.540 +down, + +25:33.320 --> 25:41.260 +down, and then down, down, down, down. + +25:43.900 --> 25:44.520 +Yeah. + +25:50.570 --> 25:53.920 +We continue a little bit, continue a + +25:53.920 --> 25:56.200 +little bit. So the other one with the + +25:56.200 --> 25:59.580 +music you know. So you're here, you wait, + +25:59.720 --> 26:01.680 +and then when this music comes, it's like + +26:01.680 --> 26:04.700 +you're in so big tension, and it's like, + +26:04.780 --> 26:09.300 +it's like a shock. It has no shape. It has + +26:09.300 --> 26:12.540 +a, it's this, you listen, you don't know + +26:12.540 --> 26:14.360 +where to go. It's just like a reaction. + +26:14.920 --> 26:17.380 +The second one is running so fast as + +26:17.380 --> 26:19.500 +possible, like you want to escape, but you + +26:19.500 --> 26:24.640 +can't. you're running here and the third + +26:24.640 --> 26:27.240 +one is like we stolper + +26:28.840 --> 26:32.000 +like around yourself and then you continue + +26:32.000 --> 26:38.980 +yes it has no no special and then you it's + +26:38.980 --> 26:41.940 +like somebody is behind you a little bit + +26:41.940 --> 26:47.800 +like so Fernando that way a little bit + +26:54.860 --> 26:57.800 +And then sometimes quicker, sometimes + +26:57.800 --> 27:03.260 +faster. Yeah, until the new movement comes + +27:03.260 --> 27:04.160 +again. This one. + +27:08.560 --> 27:12.480 +And then just the weight let go. go down + +27:12.480 --> 27:36.020 +when + +27:36.020 --> 27:38.160 +you're down it's already like the + +27:38.160 --> 27:41.760 +preparation to like you You stretch knees, + +27:41.980 --> 27:44.620 +yes. Yes, and the arms are here. + +27:48.380 --> 27:52.540 +Then from here, you turn and you do a + +27:52.540 --> 27:58.860 +rond. The hands go here on your legs, yes. + +27:59.000 --> 28:03.040 +You have a rond to the floor. The floor. + +28:04.760 --> 28:09.660 +Turn here, in, and now Now, through the + +28:09.660 --> 28:13.160 +hip, up, and you go into this movement, + +28:13.260 --> 28:18.400 +yes. From here, you go into this movement. + +28:20.620 --> 28:25.360 +This is this. Yeah, we know this one here. + +28:25.720 --> 28:26.540 +This one. + +28:29.900 --> 28:33.460 +And then this one. One or two. + +28:39.080 --> 28:42.880 +And here you wave, here you wave, and you + +28:42.880 --> 28:55.280 +have... da da da oop da da da da da da da + +28:55.280 --> 29:06.440 +da da da da da da da da attitude fall look + +29:06.440 --> 29:12.020 +run again stop yeah yeah slowly slowly + +29:12.020 --> 29:22.160 +from where from where I am so that's clear + +29:22.160 --> 29:24.260 +from here what could be clear is this one + +29:24.260 --> 29:27.460 +it's a little diagonal running + +29:35.120 --> 29:43.640 +and now you have a up, down, step, step, + +29:43.860 --> 29:50.940 +down, down, take it easy, easy, easy, pop, + +29:51.240 --> 29:54.380 +pop, PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +29:54.380 --> 29:55.340 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +29:55.340 --> 29:56.660 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +29:56.660 --> 30:01.060 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +30:01.060 --> 30:05.900 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +30:05.900 --> 30:06.420 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +30:06.420 --> 30:06.420 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +30:06.420 --> 30:06.420 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +30:06.420 --> 30:06.580 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +30:06.580 --> 30:06.580 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +30:06.580 --> 30:18.100 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +30:18.100 --> 30:21.360 +PAM PAM P Oh, sorry. + +30:24.660 --> 30:28.440 +From here, from here, when you are... From + +30:28.440 --> 30:28.740 +here. + +30:31.700 --> 30:33.700 +You have this and you are over here. + +30:39.040 --> 30:43.480 +Actually, so I'm afraid to hit my chest + +30:43.480 --> 30:49.640 +here. And then... Like you cut down. Bam, + +30:49.820 --> 31:00.880 +bam. Bam, bam, bam. Bam, bam. Yeah. Arm, + +31:00.880 --> 31:09.980 +arm. Arm. Yeah. Yum, bam, bam. I did it. + +31:10.900 --> 31:16.000 +Fall, look, run. It's a beautiful... It's + +31:16.000 --> 31:20.580 +a real fall, but that's a... No, they have + +31:20.580 --> 31:25.220 +to mark this as little. Maybe we can try + +31:25.220 --> 31:28.600 +once from here with the music to mark a + +31:28.600 --> 31:29.780 +little bit where the music is. + +32:13.860 --> 32:15.260 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +32:45.720 --> 32:50.600 +It's... Ruchi line. It's enough, first of + +32:50.600 --> 32:53.120 +all, easy, just with the music, you know. + +32:59.740 --> 33:02.120 +Just for the music, just marking. Yeah? + +33:02.240 --> 33:04.900 +Just marking. Julie, did you hear Rafaela? + +33:06.240 --> 33:08.320 +Marking? Just like a... Okay. + +33:43.860 --> 33:45.260 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +34:13.060 --> 34:14.460 +Okay. + +34:20.460 --> 34:25.240 +How long it takes to? You have to hear the + +34:25.240 --> 34:26.760 +music first. Yeah, yeah. I was listening + +34:26.760 --> 34:29.420 +to the club. So, okay, the next bit you + +34:29.420 --> 34:32.920 +have this with the head. You just try to + +34:32.920 --> 34:36.220 +follow the rhythm of the looking, hearing, + +34:36.520 --> 34:39.260 +you know, just these little head movements + +34:39.260 --> 34:41.960 +with the music. And from here it's like + +34:41.960 --> 34:44.240 +your weight. you leave your weight and you + +34:44.240 --> 34:50.060 +just like go in this direction. Yeah, it's + +34:50.060 --> 34:53.460 +not high point, it's just like this. + +34:55.080 --> 34:59.780 +Then from here comes, yes, this one, you + +34:59.780 --> 35:08.640 +know all. This, here, holding, and again + +35:08.640 --> 35:09.520 +into this one. + +35:12.800 --> 35:18.940 +and then you have this with the raw over + +35:18.940 --> 35:27.400 +and turn and always ending profile and the + +35:27.400 --> 35:30.200 +after profile ending after the turn + +35:30.200 --> 35:33.040 +profile is to ending here and then from + +35:33.040 --> 35:36.180 +From here you start again, again into the + +35:36.180 --> 35:41.480 +attitude. Attitude, with the front, over, + +35:41.700 --> 35:47.640 +and turn and pull, yes. Down, down, down. + +35:50.420 --> 35:52.660 +Okay, this you have three times, I think, + +35:52.660 --> 35:53.240 +no? . + +36:05.720 --> 36:08.580 +I think it goes up and then from here it + +36:08.580 --> 36:10.700 +goes down like this. + +36:14.380 --> 36:17.520 +You go like this but then when you turn + +36:17.520 --> 36:20.920 +you just forget, you go the next one. + +36:26.420 --> 36:29.140 +And this one is always like with a little + +36:29.140 --> 36:32.960 +bit, it's + +36:32.960 --> 36:35.460 +not so low, it's higher here with the + +36:35.460 --> 36:38.760 +wrist. It's like you're pushing, yes, + +36:38.900 --> 36:43.220 +fighting it here. It's straight, that's + +36:43.220 --> 36:46.700 +the arm stretch. And then, actually now + +36:46.700 --> 36:49.800 +there is just a stop. There is certain + +36:49.800 --> 36:53.780 +music is about three times. Yeah, it's a + +36:53.780 --> 36:55.980 +kind of stop. And then actually the + +36:55.980 --> 36:58.680 +beginning comes again. You repeat the + +36:58.680 --> 37:02.620 +beginning. Repeat the beginning. + +37:06.280 --> 37:06.900 +Looking. + +37:26.000 --> 37:28.680 +And then from here it's like, you make the + +37:28.680 --> 37:30.060 +whole circle. Circle. + +37:33.540 --> 37:40.860 +Also certain music. We're having + +37:40.860 --> 37:46.660 +this movement, just this. Oh, yes. + +37:49.140 --> 37:56.260 +Till here. OK. So where do we do from + +37:56.260 --> 37:56.560 +where? + +38:02.920 --> 38:07.520 +after the looking, just to think again + +38:07.520 --> 38:10.480 +what it was, so you have before you had + +38:10.480 --> 38:14.260 +done, you remember? After the looking + +38:14.260 --> 38:18.680 +comes this, yeah. So first you are here, + +38:18.740 --> 38:20.520 +you have the looking, and then from here + +38:20.520 --> 38:24.160 +you go in this direction. Now comes this + +38:24.160 --> 38:24.520 +movement. + +38:30.320 --> 38:32.900 +This goes into the attitude. + +38:36.540 --> 38:37.160 +Profile. + +38:42.320 --> 38:42.940 +Stop. + +38:47.980 --> 38:50.280 +And then comes the beginning again. Well, + +38:50.280 --> 38:53.320 +that's clear. The beginning is clear. Only + +38:53.320 --> 38:58.260 +you can take even more space. Yes. But + +38:58.260 --> 39:01.420 +then it says the whole beginning except + +39:01.420 --> 39:05.660 +the end is after the running around that + +39:05.660 --> 39:07.160 +you have to have a cue for this. + +39:10.280 --> 39:12.760 +This and this. + +39:15.300 --> 39:17.760 +Okay, let's have this with music maybe + +39:17.760 --> 39:18.760 +from the... + +39:23.360 --> 39:24.560 +Maybe a little bit here, please. + +39:29.640 --> 39:34.920 +Ah, from here. You walk here and then it's + +39:34.920 --> 39:37.280 +just like this. Just like direct. + +39:40.540 --> 39:43.580 +This is, yes, you have to go like right + +39:43.580 --> 39:45.300 +away into it because there's not so much + +39:45.300 --> 39:45.600 +time. + +39:48.400 --> 39:50.640 +You have to already, when you turn, you + +39:50.640 --> 39:52.200 +have to start with your arms. + +39:54.980 --> 39:57.040 +Yeah. It's too late. You have to be + +39:57.040 --> 39:58.500 +quicker here. + +40:01.240 --> 40:06.560 +Anyway, this movement, wait, wait. You're + +40:06.560 --> 40:11.980 +here, you're here, one line + +40:11.980 --> 40:15.300 +on the shoulder. This still tries to stay + +40:15.300 --> 40:17.180 +diagonal. Actually the leg is more front, + +40:17.320 --> 40:20.300 +Rafaela. Yes, I think it's more like an + +40:20.300 --> 40:22.100 +opposite direction. And then you go back + +40:22.100 --> 40:25.540 +to the standing leg. But this is here. + +40:26.400 --> 40:30.080 +Yeah, the whole body is, you stay here, + +40:30.240 --> 40:33.440 +here, here. So, this shoulder is a little + +40:33.440 --> 40:37.760 +deeper. This one here. And then the hip + +40:37.760 --> 40:40.840 +pulls you front, but the body back. So + +40:40.840 --> 40:43.440 +very far backwards, yes, like that. And + +40:43.440 --> 40:45.600 +then go and right away the arm turn. + +40:46.180 --> 40:48.280 +Better, yes. Yeah. + +40:59.100 --> 41:00.640 +Let's go straight down. + +41:05.060 --> 41:09.080 +Up, and now you go straight. Straight + +41:09.080 --> 41:14.040 +down. Straight and straight. No, you + +41:14.040 --> 41:19.360 +don't... Yes, there. And then you... Down. + +41:22.040 --> 41:24.580 +It goes lower, a little bit lower. When + +41:24.580 --> 41:26.780 +this arm comes, it goes a bit lower. + +41:31.660 --> 41:36.340 +and push through and turn + +41:39.440 --> 41:48.280 +okay yeah okay we hear + +41:48.280 --> 41:50.720 +this with music Maybe we'll start with + +41:50.720 --> 41:51.760 +these little heads. + +42:30.920 --> 42:33.300 +Easy. No, no, no, easy. + +43:05.560 --> 43:08.640 +You are able to continue? Is it brighter? + +43:15.480 --> 43:18.960 +The timing of the... We can do it again. + +43:19.080 --> 43:21.200 +Just mark it, of course. Don't do it too + +43:21.200 --> 43:21.380 +much. + +43:26.100 --> 43:30.100 +When you start too late, you never... it's + +43:30.100 --> 43:34.160 +impossible to... Just easy. Maybe the same + +43:34.160 --> 43:36.980 +spot. maybe a little tiny little bit + +43:36.980 --> 43:39.400 +before we can do this accents here, so + +43:39.400 --> 43:39.940 +with the running. + +44:28.440 --> 44:29.060 +Oh, gee. + +44:58.840 --> 45:01.640 +I think you're very good. Huh? + +45:04.760 --> 45:08.040 +Yeah, it's just the weight brings you a + +45:08.040 --> 45:10.640 +little bit. Actually it moves a little + +45:10.640 --> 45:14.500 +bit, yes. Wait a minute, so now we are + +45:14.500 --> 45:18.780 +here. Now you have a, you touch your hand + +45:18.780 --> 45:22.740 +here. Touch it, you have your, + +45:24.520 --> 45:27.660 +like you're going this around, so this + +45:27.660 --> 45:35.420 +makes you move. So this, up, up, up, and. + +45:55.020 --> 45:57.460 +And sometimes leave it together, so it's + +45:57.460 --> 46:03.280 +not all the same. So you have to move so + +46:03.280 --> 46:05.660 +far with the arm that his foot has to + +46:05.660 --> 46:09.480 +move. You have to move. And also this + +46:09.480 --> 46:12.580 +brings it back. So it happens, this + +46:12.580 --> 46:15.340 +movement in the foot. And sometimes you + +46:15.340 --> 46:18.820 +leave it even. Sometimes you're only going + +46:18.820 --> 46:24.540 +like this, and then you open it again. And + +46:24.540 --> 46:28.200 +then open it. and slow ones and very fast + +46:28.200 --> 46:30.500 +ones very fat up but always up reaching + +46:30.500 --> 46:33.440 +reaching always I in the app is reaching + +46:33.440 --> 46:41.580 +is important up always up Up. Up. Rafa. + +46:44.680 --> 46:48.500 +Why don't we all go more front? Sorry. + +46:51.020 --> 46:52.080 +Come, talk a bit. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/px070tk8203_a_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/baseline/px070tk8203_a_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8109873 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/px070tk8203_a_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1370 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:02.560 --> 00:03.780 +Tanya Cushman Reviewer's Tanya Cushman + +00:03.780 --> 00:06.040 +Reviewer's Tanya Cushman ...tonight and + +00:06.040 --> 00:07.800 +that's the opening. The opening is for me + +00:07.800 --> 00:09.940 +saying I'm the person who normally + +00:09.940 --> 00:13.200 +introduces the speaker, who introduces the + +00:13.200 --> 00:16.660 +evening speaker. But tonight we really + +00:16.660 --> 00:19.300 +have no speaker. So the first thing I + +00:19.300 --> 00:21.820 +wanted to ask you is to help me welcome + +00:21.820 --> 00:24.180 +Mrs. Pina Bausch and the dancers. + +00:46.300 --> 00:48.700 +Now, as you imagine, although my friend + +00:48.700 --> 00:50.100 +Jeffrey Schnapp is standing here, I'm + +00:50.100 --> 00:51.540 +standing here, we are not going to do the + +00:51.540 --> 00:56.680 +performance tonight. Maybe next time. So + +00:56.680 --> 00:58.480 +Matthias Schmigel from the Tanztheater + +00:58.480 --> 01:00.840 +will introduce the dancers of the + +01:00.840 --> 01:03.700 +Tanztheater to you. Good evening, thank + +01:03.700 --> 01:06.340 +you very much. First I will start with + +01:06.340 --> 01:08.240 +Julie Shanahan from Australia. + +01:14.680 --> 01:17.360 +Juliana Arante from Brazil. + +01:23.920 --> 01:32.100 +Rafael Delonay from France, Fernando + +01:32.100 --> 01:38.660 +Suell from Venezuela, and + +01:38.660 --> 01:40.540 +the one in charge of our our music, + +01:40.760 --> 01:42.240 +Matthias Burckert from Germany. + +01:47.080 --> 01:49.180 +See, now you know that part of the reason + +01:49.180 --> 01:50.880 +to organize tonight's event was to show + +01:50.880 --> 01:53.220 +you what a multicultural country Germany + +01:53.220 --> 01:55.960 +is, especially Wuppertal. This is truly + +01:55.960 --> 02:00.400 +amazing. Talking of which, this is a very + +02:00.400 --> 02:03.420 +special event also to give thank you to + +02:03.420 --> 02:05.680 +President Kasper, not only for his + +02:05.680 --> 02:07.360 +continued support, now that we enter the + +02:07.360 --> 02:10.080 +final stretch of the early round of the + +02:10.080 --> 02:12.800 +Presidential Lectures and Symposia. I need + +02:12.800 --> 02:15.140 +to say tonight that, Pina, I think that's + +02:15.140 --> 02:17.300 +true. We wouldn't have gotten you without + +02:17.300 --> 02:19.480 +Gerhard's intervention. And there's a + +02:19.480 --> 02:22.080 +secret, because President Kasper and Pina + +02:22.080 --> 02:24.300 +Bausch are both members of the highest + +02:24.300 --> 02:26.040 +order, one of the highest orders of the + +02:26.040 --> 02:28.060 +Federal Republic of Germany, the Puhle + +02:28.060 --> 02:30.120 +Merit. So this is for the two Puhle Merit + +02:30.120 --> 02:30.820 +prize-takers. + +02:38.100 --> 02:39.860 +And I wouldn't want to miss the + +02:39.860 --> 02:41.640 +opportunity to briefly, briefly announce + +02:41.640 --> 02:45.200 +our other events of this artsy program in + +02:45.200 --> 02:48.480 +the fall of this academic year. Our next + +02:48.480 --> 02:50.180 +event will be a colloquium, humanities, + +02:50.420 --> 02:53.600 +social sciences, and law on the topic past + +02:53.600 --> 02:55.560 +dependencies and that will take place in + +02:55.560 --> 02:58.080 +the law school on November 5th, Friday, + +02:58.260 --> 03:01.280 +and November November 6th, a Saturday, and + +03:01.280 --> 03:02.860 +there will be, because this is the Artsy + +03:02.860 --> 03:05.800 +Fall, a piano recital by Charles Rosen on + +03:05.800 --> 03:08.620 +the evening of Friday. The following event + +03:08.620 --> 03:10.480 +is just the following Monday, November + +03:10.480 --> 03:13.240 +8th. This will be a lecture in our lecture + +03:13.240 --> 03:15.080 +series of the art historian Svetlana + +03:15.080 --> 03:19.660 +Alpers. And finally, on November 29th, + +03:19.660 --> 03:22.020 +again a Monday, in Kresge Auditorium, + +03:22.020 --> 03:24.660 +we'll have a bilingual poetry reading by + +03:24.660 --> 03:28.660 +the great Chinese poet Bei Dao and by his + +03:28.660 --> 03:31.140 +translator and friend Elliot Weinberger. + +03:31.380 --> 03:33.380 +So we'll have poems in Mandarin and poems + +03:33.380 --> 03:35.780 +in English and the next day as always + +03:35.780 --> 03:38.840 +there will be ample opportunity for + +03:38.840 --> 03:43.800 +discussion. Now I was saying that I was + +03:43.800 --> 03:45.840 +not introducing a person who's introducing + +03:45.840 --> 03:48.900 +Pina Bausch because so many people we know + +03:48.900 --> 03:50.700 +it from the hits counted have seen the + +03:50.700 --> 03:52.940 +website but I would like to inform you + +03:52.940 --> 03:55.720 +briefly what we have planned tonight. In a + +03:55.720 --> 03:57.280 +minute, in literally a minute, Pina Bausch + +03:57.280 --> 03:59.760 +will take over and lead you into the dance + +03:59.760 --> 04:01.540 +rehearsal. And the very exciting thing for + +04:01.540 --> 04:03.000 +us is we have no clue what's going to + +04:03.000 --> 04:06.140 +happen. It's going to be great, no doubt + +04:06.140 --> 04:09.220 +about it. After an hour or so, Pina Bausch + +04:09.220 --> 04:11.820 +will ask my colleague and friend Jeffrey + +04:11.820 --> 04:13.980 +Schnap, the Rossetti Professor of Italian + +04:13.980 --> 04:15.720 +Literature and Comparative Literature, + +04:15.740 --> 04:17.120 +that's not the official title but I want + +04:17.120 --> 04:20.840 +to say it's complete too, and he will then + +04:20.840 --> 04:22.700 +have a discussion, conduct a discussion + +04:22.700 --> 04:25.480 +with Pina and with the dancers and we will + +04:25.480 --> 04:29.420 +soon open up to the floor. And then at 9 o + +04:29.420 --> 04:32.260 +'clock sharp, more or less sharp, we will + +04:32.260 --> 04:34.280 +have on behalf of President Kasper a + +04:34.280 --> 04:36.220 +reception here in the courtyard of Roble + +04:36.220 --> 04:39.280 +and that is definitely a reception for + +04:39.280 --> 04:41.820 +everybody. So we really have to help us to + +04:41.820 --> 04:44.680 +eliminate, to delete all the food which + +04:44.680 --> 04:47.260 +will be out there at 9 o'clock. So thanks + +04:47.260 --> 04:49.160 +again for coming and Pina we are so much + +04:49.160 --> 04:49.620 +looking forward. + +05:02.640 --> 05:09.740 +Oh yes. Good evening. I'm very very happy + +05:09.740 --> 05:15.280 +and honored to be here at Stanford and I + +05:15.280 --> 05:17.360 +like to thank very much for this wonderful + +05:17.360 --> 05:17.860 +invitation. + +05:21.370 --> 05:23.560 +For me it's very difficult because usually + +05:24.520 --> 05:27.360 +I have not much work because what I have + +05:27.360 --> 05:30.160 +to say I usually try to do with my works + +05:30.160 --> 05:36.180 +on the stage. And so it was not possible + +05:36.180 --> 05:38.620 +to do here performance because we are on + +05:38.620 --> 05:40.400 +tour, we are in the moment in Berkeley. + +05:40.400 --> 05:44.160 +And then I thought maybe it would be very + +05:44.160 --> 05:50.480 +nice to just show a bit of the work. And I + +05:50.480 --> 05:56.380 +thought about the Rite of Spring from Igor + +05:56.380 --> 05:56.940 +Stravinsky. + +06:00.220 --> 06:06.120 +This is the part of the chosen one, the + +06:06.120 --> 06:11.620 +end of this work. and it's a chosen one, + +06:11.740 --> 06:16.780 +so it's the girl who has to dance till she + +06:16.780 --> 06:22.320 +dies, actually. So, we are not prepared at + +06:22.320 --> 06:27.460 +all. It's really something we didn't... I + +06:27.460 --> 06:30.220 +told them yesterday, kind of, what we're + +06:30.220 --> 06:35.460 +going to do. and Ruthie, she did it + +06:35.460 --> 06:39.060 +actually many times in the choreography. + +06:40.100 --> 06:42.460 +Rafaela has learned it two, three years + +06:42.460 --> 06:45.060 +ago, but she never danced it. Julie + +06:45.060 --> 06:47.580 +touched it once a little bit. And + +06:47.580 --> 06:50.920 +Fernando, I also like to do it. Usually + +06:50.920 --> 06:54.860 +it's a woman who is doing that. He never + +06:54.860 --> 06:58.720 +did it, but they always see it. they see + +06:58.720 --> 07:00.780 +it many times because usually when this + +07:00.780 --> 07:04.600 +dance happens the other people are all + +07:04.600 --> 07:07.660 +there, they watch how that happens. So I + +07:07.660 --> 07:11.380 +thought maybe I want to do something too, + +07:11.480 --> 07:14.400 +I thought maybe it's nice to do a little + +07:14.400 --> 07:16.740 +work with them and that's why they are not + +07:16.740 --> 07:18.500 +prepared otherwise I have nothing to do. + +07:20.520 --> 07:25.340 +But to have just a little bit the idea of + +07:25.340 --> 07:28.460 +it Maybe it's a little bit difficult for + +07:28.460 --> 07:31.580 +Ruchi, but maybe the best is once like + +07:31.580 --> 07:36.800 +easily, because it's hard. Maybe she can + +07:36.800 --> 07:39.140 +show once a dance, and then we do piece by + +07:39.140 --> 07:40.580 +piece, work a little bit on it. + +08:21.160 --> 08:24.920 + + +08:54.080 --> 08:55.480 + + +09:24.080 --> 09:25.480 + + +09:54.080 --> 09:55.480 + + +10:24.080 --> 10:25.480 + + +10:54.080 --> 10:55.480 + + +11:24.080 --> 11:25.480 + + +11:54.040 --> 11:55.440 +¶¶ + +12:23.680 --> 12:25.080 +¶¶ + +12:53.220 --> 12:54.080 +¶¶ + +13:17.040 --> 13:19.700 +Usually it's, of course, without + +13:19.700 --> 13:23.000 +preparation and without the peace when + +13:23.000 --> 13:24.760 +that happened, it's also it's a little + +13:24.760 --> 13:28.780 +complicated and usually the it's a yeah + +13:28.780 --> 13:31.340 +it's about the earth about the spring and + +13:31.340 --> 13:33.220 +usually when they dance it it's in the + +13:33.220 --> 13:35.320 +earth and when they fall it's the whole + +13:35.320 --> 13:37.120 +thing is very different because you never + +13:37.120 --> 13:39.780 +have a floor like this the dancing and the + +13:39.780 --> 13:44.460 +earth so that's very different thank you + +13:44.460 --> 13:48.840 +so okay + +13:48.840 --> 13:53.700 +Okay, we start a little bit. You must just + +13:53.700 --> 13:54.500 +a little bit help. + +14:02.340 --> 14:05.480 +We take the first bit, a little marking. + +14:05.660 --> 14:07.320 +You remember the... + +14:09.540 --> 14:11.960 +They all go away. Please come here. + +14:17.660 --> 14:19.480 +I don't want to dance, you should dance. + +14:22.120 --> 14:24.060 +You know the movement, you know this one, + +14:24.080 --> 14:25.720 +because many things in the choreography, + +14:26.000 --> 14:27.720 +they are also in different ways, different + +14:27.720 --> 14:29.820 +combinations, so it's not so new, the + +14:29.820 --> 14:32.800 +step. You have this one, only without + +14:32.800 --> 14:36.720 +the... And this, and this with head down. + +14:36.920 --> 14:40.480 +And then the weight, and we go back. And + +14:40.480 --> 14:42.080 +again. + +14:44.240 --> 14:50.340 +And with looking. And go back again. And + +14:50.340 --> 14:52.940 +you have heard me wrote this. + +14:54.620 --> 14:58.160 +The third time. The third time, only till + +14:58.160 --> 15:01.280 +here. Yeah, only till here. Here, then + +15:01.280 --> 15:09.400 +here, here, down, + +15:10.200 --> 15:21.180 +down, down, up, down, down, up. And, oh, + +15:21.280 --> 15:27.760 +I'm sorry. Sorry. I'm sorry, yeah. One + +15:27.760 --> 15:31.900 +more time. And this. + +15:35.160 --> 15:39.760 +One more. And like you're getting yourself + +15:39.760 --> 15:41.120 +and then up. + +15:46.840 --> 15:50.300 +Changing direction. One more. + +15:54.680 --> 16:04.080 +Not much. Okay. Okay. Okay, yeah. Oh, it's + +16:04.080 --> 16:09.600 +down, the accent is always . The accent is + +16:09.600 --> 16:13.140 +down. And right away. + +16:17.940 --> 16:19.260 +With looking. + +16:22.940 --> 16:25.100 +Third time. Okay. + +16:30.060 --> 16:39.700 +And up and again this one, like this. + +16:46.860 --> 16:53.980 +It's like so. You go here and then you + +16:53.980 --> 16:56.980 +take it from here, you squeeze, you take + +16:56.980 --> 16:59.400 +it out here like this. Out and it's like + +16:59.400 --> 17:03.040 +you hit. No, no. You take it out and it's + +17:03.040 --> 17:07.340 +like you're hitting yourself. and then and + +17:07.340 --> 17:11.860 +then and then and then and then and then + +17:12.920 --> 17:15.800 +and then and then back and then change + +17:19.440 --> 17:22.180 +maybe we mark it a few times and we just + +17:22.180 --> 17:25.560 +hear it with the music just marking yeah + +17:25.560 --> 17:25.960 +Matthias? + +17:29.480 --> 17:31.900 +without the fall without the fall in the + +17:31.900 --> 17:32.140 +beginning + +18:04.180 --> 18:04.400 +Not much yet. + +18:08.520 --> 18:13.000 +Just that you know with the music. Easy. + +18:14.080 --> 18:14.900 +Not too much. + +18:41.460 --> 18:44.680 +Okay, okay, okay. Okay. Okay. + +18:49.140 --> 18:54.740 +Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. + +18:59.300 --> 19:04.980 +Okay. da da da, da da da, only below. da + +19:04.980 --> 19:09.400 +da da, and you have this arm, this arm, + +19:09.560 --> 19:15.940 +and you put together, so, round together, + +19:17.160 --> 19:21.980 +oh, microphone, and like a curve, like a + +19:21.980 --> 19:26.040 +curve back. Can you show it again please? + +19:32.060 --> 19:35.940 +Just a little bit. Just that. Yeah. + +19:46.780 --> 19:50.160 +This like a circle. Like make a circle. + +20:01.420 --> 20:07.060 +Yeah, okay. And then from here, you have + +20:07.060 --> 20:09.160 +with the leg, I do it without the leg, you + +20:09.160 --> 20:14.180 +have this arm, We go here, we go here, and + +20:14.180 --> 20:19.820 +the leg up, up, and it's my microphone. + +20:22.000 --> 20:25.480 +Here. So we're here, like to cover + +20:25.480 --> 20:28.540 +yourself, and then it's like, yeah, da, + +20:28.780 --> 20:32.360 +da, yeah, da, da, yeah, da, da. And then + +20:32.360 --> 20:34.100 +you have the music, when you have some + +20:34.100 --> 20:37.460 +music, da, hum, again, da, da, hum, hum. + +20:40.780 --> 20:42.120 +So, again. + +21:09.160 --> 21:14.140 +hmm and I'm hoping oh yeah I said in the + +21:14.140 --> 21:16.420 +music was my nerve is over the music, + +21:16.560 --> 21:19.100 +that's over the music, there's a certain + +21:19.100 --> 21:23.520 +sound you do up down down down up arm + +21:40.220 --> 21:44.220 +it's small yes + +21:53.520 --> 21:55.480 +Yeah. Yeah. + +22:08.880 --> 22:11.600 +And then somebody takes you here on the + +22:11.600 --> 22:16.640 +wrist. Yes. And that is like quick. No, + +22:16.640 --> 22:19.800 +not looking up, but looking. Yes. Like you + +22:19.800 --> 22:21.980 +cover yourself. You protect yourself. Yes. + +22:21.980 --> 22:24.700 +And then you go in all directions like + +22:24.700 --> 22:28.520 +fighting like this. And then using this + +22:28.520 --> 22:32.120 +leg up down, down down, up arm. + +22:40.940 --> 22:43.320 +Maybe we mark it from the beginning + +22:43.320 --> 22:44.720 +including this. + +22:53.580 --> 22:54.980 +Thank you. + +23:29.520 --> 23:33.260 +yeah Heinrich the позion perfect + +23:38.140 --> 23:39.540 +well + +23:41.160 --> 23:46.420 +bling Like a little jump, like stretched + +23:46.420 --> 23:46.720 +legs. + +23:55.140 --> 24:07.200 +Have you realized the music? this is up + +24:07.200 --> 24:12.680 +down + +24:12.680 --> 24:22.680 +down down up without putting + +24:22.680 --> 24:25.720 +the hand extra don't have it here yeah + +24:25.720 --> 24:32.300 +that's + +24:32.300 --> 24:34.660 +more like squeezing in it's like the knees + +24:34.660 --> 24:39.100 +you know here so it's like like it's not + +24:39.100 --> 24:42.740 +like so but together just up + +25:00.660 --> 25:05.480 +here here here so actually this is looking + +25:05.480 --> 25:09.760 +out far this is up and it's done + +25:21.560 --> 25:23.940 +So, yeah, you are here and then it's like + +25:23.940 --> 25:24.700 +a jump. + +25:29.560 --> 25:39.020 +down, down, down, and then down, down, + +25:40.280 --> 25:41.240 +down, down. + +25:50.520 --> 25:53.940 +We continue a little bit, continue a + +25:53.940 --> 25:56.180 +little bit. So the other one with the + +25:56.180 --> 25:59.560 +music, you know, so you're here, you wait, + +25:59.700 --> 26:01.680 +and then when this music comes, it's like + +26:01.680 --> 26:04.760 +you're in so big tension, and it's like, + +26:04.780 --> 26:09.420 +it's like a shock. It has no shape. It's + +26:09.420 --> 26:12.900 +this, you listen, you don't know where to + +26:12.900 --> 26:15.700 +go. It's just like a reaction. The second + +26:15.700 --> 26:18.040 +one is running so fast as possible, like + +26:18.040 --> 26:21.760 +you wanna escape, but you can't. You're + +26:21.760 --> 26:25.360 +running here. And the third one is like + +26:25.360 --> 26:27.160 +we, I don't know what this is, we stomp. + +26:28.040 --> 26:31.300 +Stomp, yeah. Like around yourself, and + +26:31.300 --> 26:36.120 +then you continue. Yes, it has no special, + +26:36.120 --> 26:40.100 +and then you it's like somebody is behind + +26:40.100 --> 26:45.940 +you a little bit like so Fernando but + +26:45.940 --> 26:51.520 +that's that way. A little bit like that. + +26:51.820 --> 26:56.740 +Yes, Zorro is like that way. And then + +26:56.740 --> 26:59.380 +sometimes quicker, sometimes faster. Yeah, + +26:59.480 --> 27:03.760 +till the new movement comes again. Again, + +27:03.760 --> 27:04.200 +this one. + +27:08.640 --> 27:10.840 +And then just the weight let go. + +27:23.460 --> 27:24.920 +It's like a little hop thing. + +27:35.360 --> 27:38.160 +When you are down, it's already like the + +27:38.160 --> 27:44.140 +preparation to stretch the knees. The arms + +27:44.140 --> 27:44.620 +are here. + +27:48.020 --> 27:52.540 +Then from here, you turn and you do a + +27:52.540 --> 27:58.780 +rond. The hands go here on your legs. yes + +27:58.780 --> 28:07.340 +you have a wall to the floor turn here in + +28:07.340 --> 28:12.580 +and now through the hip up and you go into + +28:12.580 --> 28:16.540 +this moment yes from + +28:16.540 --> 28:18.280 +here you go into this one + +28:29.400 --> 28:33.420 +And then this one. One or two. + +28:38.500 --> 28:45.420 +And here you wave. Here you wave. Da da + +28:45.420 --> 28:56.260 +da. Oop. Da da da. Da da da. Da, da, da. + +28:59.960 --> 29:07.300 +Da, da, da. Attitude. Fall. Look, run. + +29:07.580 --> 29:12.020 +Again, stop. Yeah, yeah. Slowly, slowly. + +29:13.940 --> 29:21.620 +From where? From where? Ah, yeah. So + +29:21.620 --> 29:23.300 +that's clear. From here, walk over clear. + +29:23.300 --> 29:25.380 +It's this one, so it's a little diagonal. + +29:27.120 --> 29:27.520 +Running. + +29:33.380 --> 29:39.340 +Walking around. And now you have a up, + +29:40.640 --> 29:48.400 +down, step, step, down, down. done take it + +29:48.400 --> 29:59.500 +easy pa pa pa ta turn here continue into + +29:59.500 --> 30:08.680 +this and go on into this and continue di + +30:08.680 --> 30:17.200 +da da here wait and then yeah bum bum dee + +30:17.200 --> 30:21.420 +dee dee dee oh sorry + +30:23.720 --> 30:28.760 +from here from here when you are from here + +30:31.300 --> 30:33.720 +you have this and you're over here + +30:40.440 --> 30:45.480 +I'm afraid to hit my chest here. Yeah. And + +30:45.480 --> 30:49.680 +then down, like you've cut, down. Bam, + +30:49.800 --> 31:00.720 +bam. Bam, bam, bam. Bam, bam. Yeah, arm, + +31:00.900 --> 31:09.920 +arm. Arm. Yeah. Yum, bam, bam. I did it. + +31:11.000 --> 31:16.240 +Fall. Look. It's a real fall. It's a real + +31:16.240 --> 31:20.920 +fall, but that's a... They have to mark + +31:20.920 --> 31:25.600 +this as little... Maybe we can try once + +31:25.600 --> 31:28.720 +from here with the music to mark a little + +31:28.720 --> 31:29.780 +bit where the music is. + +32:12.320 --> 32:13.720 + + +32:40.940 --> 32:43.740 +Okay, okay. Okay, take it a bit more easy. + +32:44.080 --> 32:49.140 +It's a, it's a, it's a, Gucci line, it's, + +32:49.180 --> 32:52.340 +it's right as my easy, just with the + +32:52.340 --> 32:53.100 +music, you know. + +32:59.700 --> 33:02.100 +Just for the music, just marking, yeah, + +33:02.200 --> 33:04.900 +just marking. Julie, did you hear Rafaela + +33:04.900 --> 33:08.300 +marking? Just like a, okay. + +33:40.020 --> 33:41.420 + + +34:10.020 --> 34:14.440 + Okay. + +34:20.380 --> 34:25.120 +How long it takes to... You have to hear + +34:25.120 --> 34:26.480 +the music first. Yeah, yeah. I was + +34:26.480 --> 34:29.000 +listening to the club. So okay, the next + +34:29.000 --> 34:32.200 +bit you have this with the head. You just + +34:32.200 --> 34:35.680 +try to follow the rhythm of the looking, + +34:35.800 --> 34:38.820 +hearing, you know, just these little head + +34:38.820 --> 34:41.420 +movements with the music. And from there, + +34:41.420 --> 34:41.540 +you have the head movements. From here + +34:41.540 --> 34:43.520 +it's like your weight, you leave your + +34:43.520 --> 34:47.040 +weight and you just go in this direction. + +34:48.040 --> 34:51.780 +Here. It's not high point, it's just like + +34:51.780 --> 34:53.460 +this. + +34:55.060 --> 34:59.780 +Then from here comes this one. one, you + +34:59.780 --> 35:08.640 +know all. This, here, pulling, and again + +35:08.640 --> 35:09.460 +into this one. + +35:12.860 --> 35:18.740 +And then you have this with the raw, raw, + +35:18.860 --> 35:25.520 +over, and stretching, turn, and always + +35:25.520 --> 35:28.780 +ending profile, after profile ending. + +35:28.780 --> 35:31.940 +After the turn, profile, yes. You're + +35:31.940 --> 35:33.620 +ending here and then from here you start + +35:33.620 --> 35:39.100 +again. Again into the attitude. Attitude, + +35:39.100 --> 35:43.080 +to the front, over and turn in profile, + +35:43.400 --> 35:51.580 +yes. Down, down, down. Okay, this you have + +35:51.580 --> 35:52.800 +three times I think, no? + +36:05.860 --> 36:09.620 +I think it goes up and then from here. It + +36:09.620 --> 36:10.980 +goes down like this, yes. + +36:14.740 --> 36:17.520 +You go like this, but then when you turn, + +36:17.700 --> 36:20.500 +you just forget, you go the same on the + +36:20.500 --> 36:21.220 +next one, yes. + +36:26.740 --> 36:29.120 +And this one is always like with a little + +36:29.120 --> 36:33.020 +bit, it's + +36:33.020 --> 36:35.460 +not so low, it's higher here with the + +36:35.460 --> 36:38.780 +wrist. It's like you're pushing, yes, + +36:38.900 --> 36:42.580 +fighting it here. Till it's straight, + +36:42.920 --> 36:46.400 +that's the arm stretch. And then, actually + +36:46.400 --> 36:49.800 +now there is just a stop. There is certain + +36:49.800 --> 36:53.780 +music is about three times. Yeah, it's a + +36:53.780 --> 36:55.980 +kind of stop. And then actually the + +36:55.980 --> 36:58.680 +beginning comes again. You repeat the + +36:58.680 --> 37:02.620 +beginning. Repeat the beginning. + +37:06.280 --> 37:06.900 +Looking. + +37:25.960 --> 37:28.680 +And then from here it's like, you make the + +37:28.680 --> 37:30.060 +whole circle. Circle. + +37:33.540 --> 37:40.860 +Also certain music. We're having + +37:40.860 --> 37:46.660 +this movement, just this. Oh, yes. + +37:49.140 --> 37:56.260 +Till here. OK. So where do we do from + +37:56.260 --> 37:56.560 +where? + +38:02.920 --> 38:07.520 +after the looking, just to think again + +38:07.520 --> 38:10.480 +what it was, so you have before you had + +38:10.480 --> 38:14.260 +done, you remember? After the looking + +38:14.260 --> 38:18.680 +comes this, yeah. So first you are here, + +38:18.740 --> 38:20.520 +you have the looking, and then from here + +38:20.520 --> 38:24.160 +you go in this direction. Now comes this + +38:24.160 --> 38:24.520 +movement. + +38:30.320 --> 38:32.900 +This goes into the attitude. + +38:36.540 --> 38:37.160 +Profile. + +38:42.320 --> 38:42.940 +Stop. + +38:47.980 --> 38:50.280 +And then comes the beginning again. Well, + +38:50.280 --> 38:53.320 +that's clear. The beginning is clear. Only + +38:53.320 --> 38:58.260 +you can take even more space. Yes. But + +38:58.260 --> 39:01.420 +then it says the whole beginning except + +39:01.420 --> 39:05.660 +the end is after the running around that + +39:05.660 --> 39:07.160 +you have to have a cue for this. + +39:10.280 --> 39:12.760 +This and this. + +39:15.300 --> 39:17.760 +Okay, let's have this with music maybe + +39:17.760 --> 39:18.760 +from the... + +39:23.360 --> 39:24.560 +Maybe a little bit here, please. + +39:29.640 --> 39:34.920 +Ah, from here. You walk here and then it's + +39:34.920 --> 39:37.280 +just like this. Just like direct. + +39:40.540 --> 39:43.580 +This is, yes, you have to go like right + +39:43.580 --> 39:45.300 +away into it because there's not so much + +39:45.300 --> 39:45.600 +time. + +39:48.400 --> 39:50.640 +You have to already, when you turn, you + +39:50.640 --> 39:52.200 +have to start with your arms. + +39:54.980 --> 39:57.040 +Yeah. It's too late. You have to be + +39:57.040 --> 39:58.500 +quicker here. + +40:01.240 --> 40:06.560 +Anyway, this movement, wait, wait. You're + +40:06.560 --> 40:11.980 +here, you're here, one line + +40:11.980 --> 40:15.300 +on the shoulder. This still tries to stay + +40:15.300 --> 40:17.180 +diagonal. Actually the leg is more front, + +40:17.320 --> 40:20.300 +Rafaela. Yes, I think it's more like an + +40:20.300 --> 40:22.100 +opposite direction. And then you go back + +40:22.100 --> 40:25.540 +to the standing leg. But this is here. + +40:26.400 --> 40:30.080 +Yeah, the whole body is, you stay here, + +40:30.240 --> 40:33.440 +here, here. So, this shoulder is a little + +40:33.440 --> 40:37.760 +deeper. This one here. And then the hip + +40:37.760 --> 40:40.840 +pulls you front, but the body back. So + +40:40.840 --> 40:43.440 +very far backwards, yes, like that. And + +40:43.440 --> 40:45.600 +then go and right away the arm turn. + +40:46.180 --> 40:48.280 +Better, yes. Yeah. + +40:59.100 --> 41:00.640 +Let's go straight down. + +41:05.060 --> 41:09.080 +Up, and now you go straight. Straight + +41:09.080 --> 41:14.040 +down. Straight and straight. No, you + +41:14.040 --> 41:19.360 +don't... Yes, there. And then you... Down. + +41:22.040 --> 41:24.580 +It goes lower, a little bit lower. When + +41:24.580 --> 41:26.780 +this arm comes, it goes a bit lower. + +41:31.660 --> 41:36.340 +and push through and turn + +41:39.440 --> 41:48.280 +okay yeah okay we hear + +41:48.280 --> 41:50.720 +this with music Maybe we'll start with + +41:50.720 --> 41:51.760 +these little heads. + +42:30.920 --> 42:33.300 +Easy. No, no, no, easy. + +43:05.560 --> 43:08.640 +You are able to continue? Is it brighter? + +43:15.480 --> 43:18.960 +The timing of the... We can do it again. + +43:19.080 --> 43:21.200 +Just mark it, of course. Don't do it too + +43:21.200 --> 43:21.380 +much. + +43:26.100 --> 43:30.100 +When you start too late, you never... it's + +43:30.100 --> 43:34.160 +impossible to... Just easy. Maybe the same + +43:34.160 --> 43:36.980 +spot. maybe a little tiny little bit + +43:36.980 --> 43:39.400 +before we can do this accents here, so + +43:39.400 --> 43:39.940 +with the running. + +44:28.440 --> 44:29.060 +Oh, gee. + +44:58.840 --> 45:01.640 +I think you're very good. Huh? + +45:04.760 --> 45:08.040 +Yeah, it's just the weight brings you a + +45:08.040 --> 45:10.640 +little bit. Actually it moves a little + +45:10.640 --> 45:14.500 +bit, yes. Wait a minute, so now we are + +45:14.500 --> 45:18.780 +here. Now you have a, you touch your hand + +45:18.780 --> 45:22.740 +here. Touch it, you have your, + +45:24.520 --> 45:27.660 +like you're going this around, so this + +45:27.660 --> 45:35.420 +makes you move. So this, up, up, up, and. + +45:55.020 --> 45:57.460 +And sometimes leave it together, so it's + +45:57.460 --> 46:03.280 +not all the same. So you have to move so + +46:03.280 --> 46:05.660 +far with the arm that his foot has to + +46:05.660 --> 46:09.480 +move. You have to move. And also this + +46:09.480 --> 46:12.580 +brings it back. So it happens, this + +46:12.580 --> 46:15.340 +movement in the foot. And sometimes you + +46:15.340 --> 46:18.820 +leave it even. Sometimes you're only going + +46:18.820 --> 46:24.540 +like this, and then you open it again. And + +46:24.540 --> 46:28.200 +then open it. and slow ones and very fast + +46:28.200 --> 46:30.500 +ones very fat up but always up reaching + +46:30.500 --> 46:33.440 +reaching always I in the app is reaching + +46:33.440 --> 46:41.580 +is important up always up Up. Up. Rafa. + +46:44.680 --> 46:48.500 +Why don't we all go more front? Sorry. + +46:51.020 --> 46:52.080 +Come, talk a bit. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/px070tk8203_b_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/px070tk8203_b_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1be6d51 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/px070tk8203_b_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1691 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:05.980 --> 00:08.340 +Yeah, so you're having, you have this + +00:08.340 --> 00:10.900 +movement and you can hear very well when + +00:10.900 --> 00:13.460 +you open and it's just your, you don't + +00:13.460 --> 00:15.780 +think about your step, they're just tired + +00:15.780 --> 00:18.460 +the legs, so they're you're deep and you + +00:18.460 --> 00:21.120 +walk with your chest. So for me it's like + +00:21.120 --> 00:25.280 +you are walking like this, walking here. + +00:25.280 --> 00:29.080 +here, then we have this movement, this + +00:29.080 --> 00:35.620 +one, over, + +00:35.840 --> 00:39.300 +hold circle to here, and then through the + +00:39.300 --> 00:44.060 +back, through the back, here, and then + +00:44.060 --> 00:51.920 +quick up, and again down, quick up, and + +00:51.920 --> 00:54.720 +down, Oh yeah, and then you have your + +00:54.720 --> 00:56.760 +accent, so you do again this one. + +01:03.740 --> 01:06.980 +Okay. Yeah, and then it tells you to stop + +01:06.980 --> 01:11.580 +anyway. Marking maybe from this part. + +01:15.620 --> 01:20.380 +So from the music, we like just like let's + +01:20.380 --> 01:23.060 +learn the music. I think, Matthias, when + +01:23.060 --> 01:23.580 +we're... + +02:18.420 --> 02:21.640 +Okay, okay. This is with the steps also, + +02:21.820 --> 02:25.440 +no? This one is still with the, like with + +02:25.440 --> 02:29.260 +the raw, still like with the raw. And + +02:29.260 --> 02:32.000 +step, step, so it's a kind of step, step, + +02:32.060 --> 02:34.440 +yes, it's only in small, but the rhythm, + +02:34.540 --> 02:35.240 +but the feet stay. + +02:40.940 --> 02:47.520 +Then from here, you + +02:47.520 --> 02:51.040 +go in this direction, you have a small + +02:51.040 --> 02:59.500 +attitude, leg, leg, arm, arm, this, again + +02:59.500 --> 03:02.700 +this movement, Till you have an attitude, + +03:02.980 --> 03:08.720 +then you have this what the men do before, + +03:09.000 --> 03:16.240 +this, this, cut, passe, passe soutenu, + +03:16.360 --> 03:23.700 +till here, big raw to the floor, on the + +03:23.700 --> 03:25.120 +knee, yeah, all the way to the, yes, like + +03:25.120 --> 03:30.120 +that turn around very low and then very + +03:30.120 --> 03:37.100 +very front and one yes big fall and then + +03:37.100 --> 03:41.180 +you push back and you go again into this + +03:41.180 --> 03:49.260 +movement one. This, this, this, arm, arm. + +03:50.340 --> 03:53.300 +Here we won't have time really. And then + +03:53.300 --> 04:00.440 +comes turn, turn, Hop, step, step. Yes, + +04:00.500 --> 04:03.020 +yeah. So, yeah. + +04:09.620 --> 04:11.980 +Then you have to go a little bit backwards + +04:11.980 --> 04:14.020 +again to the foot, otherwise you are + +04:14.020 --> 04:17.980 +traveling too far. So you go always like + +04:17.980 --> 04:22.460 +it stays on the spot, yes. But not, not, + +04:22.460 --> 04:24.520 +not, the steps are not too big. the step + +04:24.520 --> 04:33.620 +is not too big yeah yeah + +04:33.620 --> 04:36.220 +okay okay yes + +04:42.280 --> 04:42.820 +whatever + +04:47.460 --> 04:50.120 +from the attitude you know where we ended + +04:56.460 --> 04:57.100 +Yeah. + +04:59.720 --> 05:01.120 +Yeah, yeah, yeah, okay. + +05:05.020 --> 05:05.660 +Also... + +05:52.600 --> 05:54.000 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +06:06.940 --> 06:09.920 +but we're coming soon to the end anyway + +06:13.440 --> 06:16.780 +marking again just but mark really you + +06:16.780 --> 06:19.980 +know it's it's hard fernando + +06:24.380 --> 06:27.760 +Yeah, come a bit more forward. No, my + +06:27.760 --> 06:28.640 +reserve is still a bit. + +07:23.340 --> 07:23.700 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +07:35.840 --> 07:39.140 +Okay, okay, okay, okay. Now with this new + +07:39.140 --> 07:44.580 +music, you're having a parallel jump in + +07:44.580 --> 07:47.020 +contraction. You're having the arms like + +07:47.020 --> 07:50.140 +this in the jump. It's fist, actually + +07:50.140 --> 07:50.860 +fist, no? + +07:57.960 --> 08:02.780 +Yeah, this, then it's like very fast. It's + +08:02.780 --> 08:08.040 +the turn, this, you turn, but this goes + +08:08.040 --> 08:10.660 +into, you turn like this, but this goes + +08:10.660 --> 08:11.940 +into this movement. + +08:15.580 --> 08:20.980 +You jump like this, you jump here. then + +08:20.980 --> 08:24.860 +you start the turn like this and from here + +08:24.860 --> 08:28.380 +you already touch it again you meet and + +08:28.380 --> 08:33.520 +you go into this movement this into the + +08:33.520 --> 08:35.900 +move and then you will be interrupted and + +08:35.900 --> 08:39.780 +you do another one i'm sorry i'm sorry i + +08:39.780 --> 08:42.780 +mixed it up with the second time yes oh + +08:42.780 --> 08:48.940 +sorry I mix it up with the second time. So + +08:48.940 --> 08:56.200 +again, so you have this, you turn into + +08:56.200 --> 09:04.320 +this and it comes here, down and up. go + +09:04.320 --> 09:11.700 +into this and open and down and very quick + +09:11.700 --> 09:16.600 +up you're done either way up and a little + +09:16.600 --> 09:19.840 +bit of this woman and then it's just like + +09:19.840 --> 09:22.500 +you just have no energy just on the knees + +09:22.500 --> 09:25.920 +they collapse and then And then just ploof + +09:25.920 --> 09:31.080 +and back. + +09:31.940 --> 09:37.080 +And actually, well anyway, that routine is + +09:37.080 --> 09:37.800 +before actually. + +09:41.020 --> 09:47.540 +And then goes the whole diagonal. Jump, + +09:47.880 --> 09:51.080 +accent, accent. + +09:54.580 --> 09:58.260 +Then actually you're over there, very far. + +09:58.480 --> 10:03.660 +I speak here anyway. So you are, then + +10:03.660 --> 10:06.680 +comes again this one with this movement + +10:06.680 --> 10:11.140 +but without the turn. You do jump again. + +10:11.560 --> 10:15.000 +It goes into this movement and the music + +10:15.000 --> 10:17.100 +will interrupt you. So we have to kind of + +10:17.100 --> 10:20.660 +do another one. So and to the hands, to + +10:20.660 --> 10:21.140 +the face. + +10:26.660 --> 10:30.180 +Yes, and then it's this music where it + +10:30.180 --> 10:32.020 +happened to you. You have to continue. + +10:32.200 --> 10:37.020 +Yes, it's like, yes. You go kind of + +10:37.020 --> 10:40.440 +middle. Yeah. + +10:46.100 --> 10:46.460 +up + +10:55.200 --> 10:58.600 +and then the last one is a mixture out of + +10:58.600 --> 11:02.940 +this movement and out of this moment the + +11:02.940 --> 11:05.960 +very quick ones on the end so where do we + +11:05.960 --> 11:07.660 +start from + +11:12.480 --> 11:15.040 +Music like? It's easier with music, the + +11:15.040 --> 11:20.720 +music tells you. And no more really. . + +11:21.920 --> 11:24.520 +Yeah, stop, yes. Okay, do from here. Here, + +11:24.540 --> 11:25.640 +altitude. + +11:44.040 --> 11:44.740 +Up. + +12:02.140 --> 12:05.000 +Yes, it's many times more, more than that, + +12:05.100 --> 12:06.580 +but anyway, you don't have to go on this + +12:06.580 --> 12:09.820 +actually. Is this the other leg? + +12:15.480 --> 12:20.060 +Yes, and turn, turn, up, open, open, down, + +12:20.240 --> 12:23.740 +up. That's very quickly, up, up. and then + +12:23.740 --> 12:29.320 +comes right away this one. This one and + +12:29.320 --> 12:36.520 +knee, fall and And... + +12:47.100 --> 12:49.440 +Just try it down, this time you're here, + +12:49.600 --> 12:51.360 +and then you have either way, yes. + +12:57.040 --> 12:59.100 +One time, then a jump again. + +13:09.200 --> 13:13.140 +the outside leg is the outside leg always + +13:22.340 --> 13:24.280 +into the middle + +13:40.700 --> 13:46.560 +This is like over the music. The end, well + +13:46.560 --> 13:51.180 +you know the music anyway. From where do + +13:51.180 --> 13:51.520 +we play music? + +13:54.640 --> 13:58.860 +From here? From the place where we were + +13:58.860 --> 13:59.360 +just now, Matthias? + +14:33.700 --> 14:35.100 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +15:34.140 --> 15:34.880 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +15:40.540 --> 15:45.160 +Shall we just like sing it, sing it, not + +15:45.160 --> 15:47.000 +even mark it with the music from the + +15:47.000 --> 15:47.340 +beginning? + +15:50.080 --> 15:50.720 +Matthias? + +15:54.600 --> 15:57.820 +But really, she's also red, right? Yes, + +15:57.820 --> 15:58.240 +I'm red. + +16:01.320 --> 16:02.960 +I'm making you one. Yes, yes, yes. + +16:34.160 --> 16:35.880 +Okay. Okay. I don't know what I have to + +16:35.880 --> 16:36.000 +do. + +16:56.800 --> 16:58.200 +Thank you. + +18:17.900 --> 18:21.380 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 but also as a marking + +18:21.380 --> 18:21.840 +device. + +19:19.300 --> 19:20.700 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +19:49.300 --> 19:51.320 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 I don't know. + +20:49.300 --> 20:50.700 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +21:19.300 --> 21:20.700 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +22:19.300 --> 22:20.700 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +22:24.560 --> 22:26.020 +Thank you. + +23:20.720 --> 23:21.240 +Thank you. + +23:53.160 --> 23:56.140 +Actually, I didn't know how long it takes, + +23:56.240 --> 23:58.320 +but I thought if we start something, we + +23:58.320 --> 24:00.400 +have to kind of go through the whole + +24:00.400 --> 24:02.300 +thing. It's terribly hard. It's really, + +24:02.420 --> 24:05.260 +and I think they did fantastic. Actually, + +24:05.660 --> 24:07.420 +I thought we'd do something else, but it's + +24:07.420 --> 24:09.580 +almost the opposite, very light and very + +24:09.580 --> 24:12.320 +nice, very funny, but I think it got too + +24:12.320 --> 24:16.100 +late. I just wanted to do two very + +24:16.100 --> 24:18.180 +different things, but it's already... It's + +24:18.180 --> 24:22.260 +too warm down. Too warm down. Too warm + +24:22.260 --> 24:28.560 +down. Too warm down. 1980. It's too short. + +24:30.240 --> 24:31.580 +Isn't it too short? + +24:35.440 --> 24:38.860 +I think they want to speak. It looks like + +24:38.860 --> 24:41.180 +we only have three seats. So we'll have to + +24:41.180 --> 24:43.060 +play musical chairs. But anyway, you have + +24:43.060 --> 24:44.820 +to. We'll let you cool down. I think the, + +24:44.900 --> 24:47.220 +the, the, otherwise I'll come back to it. + +24:47.380 --> 24:50.500 +You should all put on something and drink + +24:50.500 --> 24:54.260 +water. Yeah. Yeah. One chair? Yeah. Yeah, + +24:54.260 --> 24:55.220 +why don't you bring out a couple more + +24:55.220 --> 24:55.460 +chairs? + +25:10.880 --> 25:13.080 +Pina, do you want to sit down here We can + +25:13.080 --> 25:13.740 +start here. + +25:22.140 --> 25:24.960 +As you can see, this is a, actually you're + +25:24.960 --> 25:28.840 +participating, you're spectating in the + +25:28.840 --> 25:31.120 +context of an improvised three-act play. + +25:31.420 --> 25:35.900 +And this is the second act. And it's going + +25:35.900 --> 25:38.300 +to be a divided act in the sense that the + +25:38.300 --> 25:41.860 +first part of it will consist in a sort of + +25:41.860 --> 25:45.280 +a fairly informal conversation between + +25:45.280 --> 25:48.000 +myself and and Pina Bausch and hopefully + +25:48.000 --> 25:50.080 +the dancers once they've recovered from + +25:50.080 --> 25:52.620 +their efforts and then in the second half + +25:52.620 --> 25:54.360 +I'm going to just open up the floor to a + +25:54.360 --> 25:56.440 +general conversation so members of the + +25:56.440 --> 25:59.940 +audience will be invited to ask their + +25:59.940 --> 26:03.720 +questions and then the third act the + +26:03.720 --> 26:06.600 +triumphal act will be where we feed you + +26:06.600 --> 26:10.200 +out in the courtyard out here as a + +26:10.200 --> 26:13.600 +conclusion of the event and it is meant as + +26:13.600 --> 26:15.960 +a genuine third act in the sense that it + +26:15.960 --> 26:17.880 +is participatory but it's participatory + +26:17.880 --> 26:19.940 +not just in the gastronomical sense it's + +26:19.940 --> 26:23.080 +your opportunity to actually meet with + +26:23.080 --> 26:26.120 +with Peter Bausch herself with the dancers + +26:26.120 --> 26:30.040 +who will be partaking of our repast with + +26:30.040 --> 26:33.420 +us I thought as a kind of introduction to + +26:33.420 --> 26:36.680 +our conversation I would ask you since the + +26:36.680 --> 26:39.480 +Rite of Spring is a piece that has been a + +26:39.480 --> 26:44.020 +long been a part of your career and it is + +26:44.020 --> 26:46.340 +one of the central monuments in a sense in + +26:46.340 --> 26:50.040 +the history of modern dance it's a piece + +26:50.040 --> 26:53.080 +of music and the choreographies of which + +26:53.080 --> 26:55.660 +have really marked the entire history of + +26:55.660 --> 27:00.400 +modern dance and it's also a dance and a + +27:00.400 --> 27:03.000 +piece of music that is so much built + +27:03.000 --> 27:07.380 +around the polarity of dance as associated + +27:07.380 --> 27:09.860 +with renewal on the one side with + +27:09.860 --> 27:11.960 +resurgent life and on the other side with + +27:11.960 --> 27:15.300 +with depth with expenditure I was just + +27:15.300 --> 27:18.040 +curious as a sort of starting question ask + +27:18.040 --> 27:20.900 +you what your personal relationship is to + +27:20.900 --> 27:22.480 +this piece I mean in what sense it's a + +27:22.480 --> 27:23.720 +piece that you've returned to in in the + +27:23.720 --> 27:26.040 +course of your career as a dancer and a + +27:26.040 --> 27:27.980 +choreographer. Anne McLean, You mean why + +27:27.980 --> 27:29.960 +we are doing it again or something? + +27:30.720 --> 27:33.720 +Actually, we keep a very big repertoire. I + +27:33.720 --> 27:39.680 +do every day, every year a new work and we + +27:39.680 --> 27:43.820 +have, we perform about 12, 14 different + +27:43.820 --> 27:46.640 +evenings from the repertoire in a year. + +27:47.280 --> 27:50.140 +And sometimes because of, I don't know for + +27:50.140 --> 27:52.360 +certain because because of where we travel + +27:52.360 --> 27:55.220 +or because a dancer is leaving or + +27:55.220 --> 27:57.240 +something, so we lose a piece. And then + +27:57.240 --> 27:59.740 +every year I try also to have one of the + +27:59.740 --> 28:01.880 +old ones. But Sacre we always carry with + +28:01.880 --> 28:04.860 +us the whole time. We always perform it + +28:04.860 --> 28:08.340 +from time to time. So it was always there. + +28:11.040 --> 28:15.940 +And so in a way it's also very healthy, I + +28:15.940 --> 28:18.640 +think, for the company, the new ones. + +28:19.320 --> 28:21.900 +Everybody everybody have to kind of go + +28:21.900 --> 28:25.140 +through many different things. And the + +28:25.140 --> 28:27.660 +other way, many people sometimes say, why + +28:27.660 --> 28:29.440 +don't you do another Sacre? And I say, but + +28:29.440 --> 28:32.660 +we do Sacre. It makes me also with each + +28:32.660 --> 28:35.220 +new work, I have to open another door. So + +28:35.220 --> 28:38.260 +if I keep my own works like if they are, I + +28:38.260 --> 28:40.360 +have to always like go somewhere else. + +28:40.440 --> 28:43.500 +What I think is very good to do. But in + +28:43.500 --> 28:45.340 +the course of your performance of it, do + +28:45.340 --> 28:49.780 +you alter the basic way way in which you + +28:49.780 --> 28:54.580 +present the piece, the different aspects + +28:54.580 --> 28:56.760 +of the choreography itself, or has it + +28:56.760 --> 28:58.580 +remained relatively stable in the course + +28:58.580 --> 29:01.760 +of the years? No, I try to do what I did + +29:01.760 --> 29:05.320 +in the beginning. And the first + +29:05.320 --> 29:07.400 +performance, it goes back to the mid-70s? + +29:07.540 --> 29:12.280 +Yes, 76 or something, no? 77. + +29:16.740 --> 29:19.280 +I haven't seen the original staging of it, + +29:19.340 --> 29:21.080 +but in the ordinary staging, you were + +29:21.080 --> 29:22.520 +referring to the fact that this is a real + +29:22.520 --> 29:24.480 +floor, but you would ordinarily perform it + +29:24.480 --> 29:27.920 +with loam or peat moss. Yeah, this is with + +29:27.920 --> 29:32.560 +turf. I don't know, turf. And so it's a + +29:32.560 --> 29:34.520 +completely different experience. I mean, + +29:34.560 --> 29:36.860 +there are many, many dancers involved in + +29:36.860 --> 29:40.720 +this piece, and the music is incredible. + +29:40.720 --> 29:43.440 +It's incredible. It's so strong. It's + +29:43.440 --> 29:46.620 +very, very energetic. This is just a + +29:46.620 --> 29:53.260 +little bit from the end. But what I like + +29:53.260 --> 29:57.820 +about the earth, + +29:58.060 --> 30:02.740 +the talk, because the effect it has on the + +30:02.740 --> 30:04.820 +body. First of all, also, it's completely + +30:04.820 --> 30:07.480 +different to, it's all about the earth. + +30:07.580 --> 30:09.720 +Also the starting, I mean, why they are + +30:09.720 --> 30:12.620 +arriving there and all this. But also + +30:12.620 --> 30:14.580 +because when they start sweating and + +30:14.580 --> 30:16.640 +moving, so it sticks onto them. So when + +30:16.640 --> 30:20.320 +they fall, they are everywhere full of + +30:20.320 --> 30:22.220 +earth. So you should see them when they + +30:22.220 --> 30:24.300 +are all after the, when they come for + +30:24.300 --> 30:26.720 +buying, it's like they are all over with + +30:26.720 --> 30:29.220 +earth and they look fantastic, I think. + +30:32.760 --> 30:34.140 +It's interesting that you mention that + +30:34.140 --> 30:36.020 +because in the piece that you've been you + +30:36.020 --> 30:37.580 +were performing at Zellerbach, Nelken + +30:37.580 --> 30:40.560 +carnations, the stage is covered with with + +30:40.560 --> 30:42.280 +carnations with hundreds and hundreds of + +30:42.280 --> 30:44.920 +fresh carnations and similarly they're not + +30:44.920 --> 30:49.380 +fresh, they look fresh from the audience, + +30:49.500 --> 30:52.760 +but in any case the sort of interaction + +30:52.760 --> 30:54.900 +between the bodies and the support, this + +30:54.900 --> 30:57.660 +natural support is a central feature of + +30:57.660 --> 30:58.000 +the piece. + +31:01.260 --> 31:05.220 +How did it first, the notion of using + +31:05.220 --> 31:08.260 +these kinds of, they're not natural + +31:08.260 --> 31:10.740 +landscapes obviously, but they're ways of + +31:10.740 --> 31:13.880 +transforming the stage first arise in your + +31:13.880 --> 31:14.120 +work? + +31:17.300 --> 31:21.680 +Well of course when it's already, it's + +31:21.680 --> 31:26.400 +usually a later moment when to think about + +31:26.400 --> 31:29.780 +on what is the stage like. Because first + +31:29.780 --> 31:34.120 +always only + +31:34.120 --> 31:36.700 +when I know in what kind of direction this + +31:36.700 --> 31:40.260 +piece will go, then it's only possible to + +31:40.260 --> 31:47.660 +speak what could be. And me, myself, I + +31:47.660 --> 31:50.900 +like very much the experience that you + +31:50.900 --> 31:54.080 +have to pay an attention to something. So + +31:54.080 --> 31:58.220 +it's always a different experience, you + +31:58.220 --> 32:01.360 +know, like it's very sensual in a way. + +32:01.360 --> 32:04.840 +Also we have a piece like, you come in the + +32:04.840 --> 32:08.600 +opera house and the whole stage is, the + +32:08.600 --> 32:11.920 +walls is grass, green grass. Or another + +32:11.920 --> 32:15.280 +piece is water. And of course all this, + +32:15.440 --> 32:18.480 +there are so many things, you know. With + +32:18.480 --> 32:20.760 +the grass it's a different smell, it's + +32:20.760 --> 32:23.600 +silence, there are sometimes mosquitoes + +32:23.600 --> 32:27.480 +and little things. and it changes with + +32:27.480 --> 32:30.740 +images it gets another it gets something + +32:30.740 --> 32:34.480 +else so it can with certain things so it + +32:34.480 --> 32:38.300 +is a grass change and and you look at the + +32:38.300 --> 32:40.100 +grass completely different you look at the + +32:40.100 --> 32:44.560 +grass new like in a place where it didn't + +32:44.560 --> 32:48.760 +belong also all the experience and things + +32:48.760 --> 32:51.880 +in water happen because of It's like a + +32:51.880 --> 32:55.360 +mirror in a way. All the dresses are wet, + +32:55.660 --> 32:58.900 +the clothes get heavy, they are freezing. + +32:59.340 --> 33:02.480 +It makes certain music, it makes a lot of + +33:02.480 --> 33:05.460 +noise. You can splash the water, you can + +33:05.460 --> 33:08.600 +do all kinds of things with the water. And + +33:08.600 --> 33:11.560 +it has so many different meanings too. And + +33:11.560 --> 33:17.740 +so for me, all this together means a lot. + +33:17.740 --> 33:19.720 +Not only the movement, but for me the + +33:19.720 --> 33:24.160 +space, the music, the audience, also + +33:24.160 --> 33:31.900 +everything I think I'd like to join + +33:31.900 --> 33:35.540 +or something. Speaking of that, I mean + +33:35.540 --> 33:38.080 +frequently, as was the case at Zellerbach + +33:38.080 --> 33:41.060 +for instance, your company is performing + +33:41.060 --> 33:44.440 +in fairly traditional window box type + +33:44.440 --> 33:46.440 +stages. I mean stages where there's a + +33:46.440 --> 33:48.760 +separation between audience and + +33:48.760 --> 33:50.520 +performance space. That's a little bit + +33:50.520 --> 33:52.880 +less true here where we're in a gymnasium + +33:52.880 --> 33:54.580 +which essentially is used for athletic + +33:54.580 --> 33:56.760 +events, but other kinds of events as well. + +33:57.900 --> 34:01.420 +What I mean for you, what is an ideal + +34:01.420 --> 34:03.440 +performance situation given exactly the + +34:03.440 --> 34:06.860 +concept of spectacle that's inclusive that + +34:06.860 --> 34:12.240 +you were just describing? I think it had + +34:12.240 --> 34:15.000 +to do with where I was. I mean this was a + +34:15.000 --> 34:21.540 +fantastic possibility and these pieces are + +34:21.540 --> 34:25.560 +made also for being in a normal theater + +34:25.560 --> 34:32.360 +because I mean it's even you know even to + +34:32.360 --> 34:34.980 +put water on the stage it means for me I + +34:34.980 --> 34:37.260 +like the water in the opera house. It's + +34:37.260 --> 34:39.660 +already it means something so if you put + +34:39.660 --> 34:41.960 +water somewhere else it's not the same but + +34:41.960 --> 34:44.460 +in the opera house it's special. So it's + +34:44.460 --> 34:47.920 +already, so I think it's already the + +34:47.920 --> 34:51.620 +switch is, in this case, you know, I never + +34:51.620 --> 34:54.400 +had the possibility to do different, but + +34:54.400 --> 34:57.540 +not because, not only the possibilities, + +34:57.800 --> 34:59.880 +but because we also, we are traveling a + +34:59.880 --> 35:02.260 +lot, so it's for us also important, this + +35:02.260 --> 35:04.840 +work, they need a certain space and a + +35:04.840 --> 35:08.760 +certain size and possibilities, + +35:11.620 --> 35:15.100 +If I would do a piece in a certain space, + +35:15.300 --> 35:17.600 +that means it can't travel. It's also + +35:17.600 --> 35:22.000 +complicated, you know. I was curious about + +35:22.000 --> 35:23.960 +that because in a certain tradition of, + +35:24.520 --> 35:26.760 +well in some of the cases that really the + +35:26.760 --> 35:28.680 +founding, the inaugural cases in the + +35:28.680 --> 35:31.660 +history of dance, particularly the strain + +35:31.660 --> 35:33.960 +in dance theater that leads into + +35:33.960 --> 35:36.600 +expression dance, dance, the notion of + +35:36.600 --> 35:38.800 +outdoor performance was absolutely central + +35:38.800 --> 35:41.660 +to the whole sense of dance's social + +35:41.660 --> 35:42.000 +mission. + +35:46.000 --> 35:48.720 +So your particular variation on having + +35:48.720 --> 35:50.500 +grass in the opera house or water in the + +35:50.500 --> 35:51.500 +opera house seems like a particularly + +35:51.500 --> 35:55.460 +ironic twist. Sometimes we performed also + +35:55.460 --> 35:57.740 +outdoor, of course, but this were also, + +35:57.820 --> 35:59.920 +but there's is only with pieces possible + +35:59.920 --> 36:05.040 +which are having nothing important what is + +36:05.040 --> 36:07.680 +used from hanging or certain things and + +36:07.680 --> 36:13.940 +also and it depends on the space. One + +36:13.940 --> 36:17.340 +question I wanted to ask you that seems to + +36:17.340 --> 36:19.920 +be a really striking feature of your the + +36:19.920 --> 36:23.000 +way in which you construct scenes and your + +36:23.000 --> 36:27.200 +different performances is the the emphasis + +36:27.200 --> 36:29.760 +on bodies falling to the ground, the + +36:29.760 --> 36:31.260 +contact between bodies and the ground. You + +36:31.260 --> 36:33.960 +just mentioned in the case of your staging + +36:33.960 --> 36:37.540 +of the Rite of Spring, the importance for + +36:37.540 --> 36:40.240 +you that the bodies bear the trace of the + +36:40.240 --> 36:44.560 +support on which they perform. Whereas so + +36:44.560 --> 36:46.780 +much of classical ballet, and a great deal + +36:46.780 --> 36:50.920 +of modern and contemporary dance focuses + +36:50.920 --> 36:53.840 +so much on aerial effects. Is that + +36:53.840 --> 36:57.120 +something that you do a lot of thinking + +36:57.120 --> 37:00.260 +about it seems like such a strong current + +37:00.260 --> 37:03.940 +in your work. I think this is in each work + +37:03.940 --> 37:06.460 +is it's different it's very different but + +37:06.460 --> 37:09.400 +I I think in in the Rite of Spring of + +37:09.400 --> 37:13.280 +course I I feel it's it's very the the + +37:13.280 --> 37:17.200 +music it's I think the music is telling me + +37:17.200 --> 37:22.140 +that. You're just taking dictation. Yes in + +37:22.140 --> 37:26.320 +that case yes I mean this is with Sacre + +37:26.320 --> 37:30.340 +and also a few other pieces which when I + +37:30.340 --> 37:34.980 +really saw this incredible strength and + +37:34.980 --> 37:38.240 +this feeling what was in this music where + +37:38.240 --> 37:40.400 +I felt I have something to do with. I + +37:40.400 --> 37:44.940 +wanted very much to try to do. But other + +37:44.940 --> 37:49.960 +works, they are not fixed. It s like I + +37:49.960 --> 37:53.580 +take many different different musics and I + +37:53.580 --> 37:56.260 +make a new work and that's completely + +37:56.260 --> 37:58.500 +different then. And it depends also the + +37:58.500 --> 38:00.640 +big influence on the dancers also, the + +38:00.640 --> 38:03.520 +people which are in the company. It also + +38:03.520 --> 38:06.960 +has an influence and also in which time we + +38:06.960 --> 38:09.300 +are living. So it's not just doing a + +38:09.300 --> 38:12.100 +choreography but I think being aware of + +38:12.100 --> 38:16.240 +the feelings we are all having or what we + +38:16.240 --> 38:18.100 +are knowing or all all these kind of + +38:18.100 --> 38:20.880 +things, it all takes part. + +38:24.100 --> 38:28.600 +And if what we had seen this evening was + +38:28.600 --> 38:32.720 +instead of a rehearsal of a piece that + +38:32.720 --> 38:36.580 +you've choreographed and represented many, + +38:36.720 --> 38:39.320 +many times, if you were in the process of + +38:39.320 --> 38:41.580 +developing a new piece, what would have + +38:41.580 --> 38:43.520 +been different about what the audience + +38:43.520 --> 38:48.060 +experienced tonight? I mean, this is also + +38:48.060 --> 38:50.360 +quite unusual because usually we don't do + +38:50.360 --> 38:52.360 +this. I mean, that I'm teaching this solo + +38:52.360 --> 38:55.140 +to now all the dancers, this was like also + +38:55.140 --> 38:56.420 +an exception, I must say. + +39:00.360 --> 39:04.200 +Well, it's of course, what is very + +39:04.200 --> 39:06.160 +different. + +39:07.460 --> 39:10.300 +I mean, here you can still you feel what + +39:10.300 --> 39:14.420 +is sacred. But in the other works, there + +39:14.420 --> 39:17.120 +are so many little different stories + +39:17.120 --> 39:20.120 +inside or thoughts or images or whatever, + +39:20.300 --> 39:25.960 +what comes out of it. And each of the + +39:25.960 --> 39:30.380 +dancers, each one is in a different way + +39:30.380 --> 39:32.680 +important and also their certain + +39:32.680 --> 39:37.160 +personality and the way how the influence + +39:37.160 --> 39:40.160 +and also they each have their own dances, + +39:40.300 --> 39:45.140 +their own different way of dancing and + +39:45.140 --> 39:48.640 +choreography. So that's completely, it's + +39:48.640 --> 39:51.100 +very complicated. I mean, it's just like + +39:51.900 --> 39:56.620 +the best is to see it. That's always true. + +39:57.740 --> 40:00.400 +But I guess what I was curious about is in + +40:00.400 --> 40:02.040 +terms of your working method, when you're + +40:02.040 --> 40:05.820 +developing a new piece, What's the degree + +40:05.820 --> 40:11.480 +to which you have a fairly clear concept + +40:11.480 --> 40:14.600 +of what the shape of a particular passage + +40:14.600 --> 40:17.500 +should be versus what happens by accident, + +40:17.740 --> 40:22.620 +by serendipity, by virtue, by dint of + +40:22.620 --> 40:26.960 +improvisation? I think that is a very big + +40:26.960 --> 40:29.320 +change from when I started the way how I + +40:29.320 --> 40:32.540 +work now. In the beginning when I came + +40:32.540 --> 40:39.720 +having this company in Bukhara, I always + +40:39.720 --> 40:42.800 +tried to prepare everything, to be very + +40:42.800 --> 40:45.220 +prepared and planned and thought + +40:45.220 --> 40:47.960 +everything because I was scared. I was + +40:47.960 --> 40:50.700 +afraid somebody asked me, what do we do? + +40:50.800 --> 40:54.100 +And I said, I don't know. So I was + +40:54.100 --> 40:58.140 +thinking of everything and then I never + +40:58.140 --> 41:00.340 +come into this situation. I was terribly + +41:00.340 --> 41:03.840 +scared to say or to speak about it because + +41:03.840 --> 41:09.080 +for me, in one way I don't find the right + +41:09.080 --> 41:11.420 +word. In another way, I always feel like + +41:11.420 --> 41:14.300 +if I say something too important, I never + +41:14.300 --> 41:17.360 +can reach what I say. I mean, it's better + +41:17.360 --> 41:19.100 +I don't say nothing and hopefully + +41:19.100 --> 41:21.720 +something arrives. you know. + +41:25.540 --> 41:29.900 +But already in the beginning I felt + +41:29.900 --> 41:33.840 +sometimes you know you work and certainly + +41:34.640 --> 41:37.520 +something happened in the rehearsal, you + +41:37.520 --> 41:39.420 +see something very little but has nothing + +41:39.420 --> 41:42.540 +to do with what you have planned and you + +41:42.540 --> 41:44.700 +don't know exactly why is it so important. + +41:45.640 --> 41:47.680 +Why is it It's so important. Then you have + +41:47.680 --> 41:50.180 +to think, I mean, you have to think what + +41:50.180 --> 41:53.020 +you do. I mean, is this what you think, + +41:53.060 --> 41:55.100 +why, what you like most certainly so much + +41:55.100 --> 41:58.000 +and interest you, do you follow this or + +41:58.000 --> 42:00.140 +you follow your plan? So what I did, I + +42:00.140 --> 42:02.600 +followed always that. I left my plans + +42:02.600 --> 42:03.220 +behind. + +42:08.800 --> 42:10.880 +That is also very difficult. + +42:14.240 --> 42:16.960 +You go somewhere where you don't know it + +42:16.960 --> 42:19.940 +brings you. So in a way you have to just + +42:19.940 --> 42:26.180 +trust it and actually we are there, the + +42:26.180 --> 42:29.000 +company and me, and life is there. And now + +42:29.000 --> 42:32.400 +what do we do? We speak about life, about + +42:32.400 --> 42:35.360 +love, about everything what is important, + +42:35.360 --> 42:39.540 +of course + +42:39.540 --> 42:43.680 +in the beginning of the years I had I + +42:43.680 --> 42:48.200 +judged some like I did if you gain you of + +42:48.200 --> 42:51.840 +Taurus from look an opera and it like a + +42:51.840 --> 42:54.820 +dance opera I did it just with dancers and + +42:54.820 --> 42:57.180 +also offers in a really good I did blue + +42:57.180 --> 43:02.340 +beard I did soccer and and the seven + +43:02.340 --> 43:05.240 +deadly sins. But at the same time already + +43:05.240 --> 43:08.720 +I did other works. I just things I like. + +43:09.140 --> 43:13.120 +And because also, you see these pieces + +43:13.120 --> 43:14.720 +which I was just telling you, that means + +43:14.720 --> 43:17.200 +there is like a solo part in it. There is + +43:17.200 --> 43:19.940 +a main figure. You know, if you give me + +43:19.940 --> 43:23.860 +the or here you have, I mean there's + +43:23.860 --> 43:25.480 +everybody in the choreography is very + +43:25.480 --> 43:27.700 +important, but still there is this girl on + +43:27.700 --> 43:31.300 +the end. It's the main part. and also in + +43:31.300 --> 43:32.880 +Bluebeard, you have Bluebeard and Judith. + +43:33.040 --> 43:35.120 +But then I had so many beautiful dancers. + +43:35.360 --> 43:37.680 +They are all so different personalities + +43:37.680 --> 43:40.200 +and so fantastic and each one very + +43:40.200 --> 43:43.640 +different. So I wanted very much to create + +43:43.640 --> 43:48.020 +something for them. So it started to be a + +43:48.020 --> 43:52.760 +completely different work. And I think we + +43:52.760 --> 43:57.760 +are speaking much more about in this work, + +43:57.880 --> 44:02.880 +heroes in that way don't exist. It's just + +44:02.880 --> 44:09.500 +like, it's talking about us. I mean, not + +44:09.500 --> 44:12.880 +us personally, not private. I don't mean + +44:12.880 --> 44:19.340 +this. And the way how to do this is of + +44:19.340 --> 44:21.220 +course each choreographer has to find + +44:21.220 --> 44:25.480 +their own way how to find, how to do this. + +44:25.660 --> 44:28.920 +Because when there is no piece, is no + +44:28.920 --> 44:31.640 +music, is no set, where do you start? You + +44:31.640 --> 44:36.020 +have to find a kind of way, you know, like + +44:36.020 --> 44:39.360 +I never did start from the beginning. I + +44:39.360 --> 44:43.620 +start with question, like maybe sometimes + +44:43.620 --> 44:45.980 +question I have to myself or other + +44:45.980 --> 44:49.360 +question and because I know what I want + +44:49.360 --> 44:52.520 +but I don't, has no shape, has no words. + +44:53.580 --> 44:56.980 +So but how can I find, how can I shape it, + +44:57.020 --> 44:58.980 +this what I really know what I'm looking + +44:58.980 --> 45:01.520 +for because it's really, it's so clear + +45:01.520 --> 45:03.740 +what I'm looking for but I couldn't say + +45:03.740 --> 45:09.160 +it, you know. So I start + +45:09.160 --> 45:13.060 +with many, many questions. And each one, + +45:13.160 --> 45:16.600 +each member in the company, they have this + +45:16.600 --> 45:18.860 +question, they sing, and then you think + +45:18.860 --> 45:20.800 +you are not in a dance studio, they sit + +45:20.800 --> 45:24.720 +and sing and do the pencil. And then each + +45:24.720 --> 45:27.480 +one is doing something, or maybe not, + +45:27.620 --> 45:30.620 +maybe they tell me tomorrow, or like like + +45:30.620 --> 45:34.600 +this, and they can do some movement or + +45:34.600 --> 45:36.540 +something that comes to their mind, or + +45:36.540 --> 45:42.440 +talking or singing or whatever. And this I + +45:42.440 --> 45:45.520 +do actually many, many, like for weeks, + +45:45.660 --> 45:49.000 +and also bringing maybe other ideas into + +45:49.000 --> 45:51.520 +it, but the questions are all around + +45:51.520 --> 45:57.460 +something, kind of. But these These weeks + +45:57.460 --> 46:03.180 +are just like making material or try to + +46:03.180 --> 46:06.220 +find material because actually it will be + +46:06.220 --> 46:10.380 +maybe 5% of what we are all doing maybe + +46:10.380 --> 46:15.140 +will arrive in the work. So the final + +46:15.140 --> 46:18.220 +process to when to start, I mean, it's + +46:18.220 --> 46:23.140 +much, much later and also never from from + +46:23.140 --> 46:24.540 +the beginning it's something so + +46:24.540 --> 46:27.400 +complicated and so delicate when you try + +46:27.400 --> 46:30.040 +to put two little things together. And + +46:30.040 --> 46:31.840 +when you try that little bit with another + +46:31.840 --> 46:33.960 +one, it's completely different. It means + +46:33.960 --> 46:35.420 +something else. It feels something + +46:35.420 --> 46:37.840 +different. And when you add a music even + +46:37.840 --> 46:41.880 +too, it's so complicated and it's so rich + +46:41.880 --> 46:44.460 +and it's endless and possibilities. So you + +46:44.460 --> 46:44.820 +have to + +46:54.380 --> 46:55.780 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/px070tk8203_b_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/baseline/px070tk8203_b_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4b98df5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/px070tk8203_b_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1673 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:05.980 --> 00:08.340 +Yeah, so you're having, you have this + +00:08.340 --> 00:10.900 +movement and you can hear very well when + +00:10.900 --> 00:13.460 +you open and it's just your, you don't + +00:13.460 --> 00:15.780 +think about your step, they're just tired + +00:15.780 --> 00:18.460 +the legs, so they're you're deep and you + +00:18.460 --> 00:21.120 +walk with your chest. So for me it's like + +00:21.120 --> 00:25.280 +you are walking like this, walking here. + +00:25.280 --> 00:29.080 +here, then we have this movement, this + +00:29.080 --> 00:35.620 +one, over, + +00:35.840 --> 00:39.300 +hold circle to here, and then through the + +00:39.300 --> 00:44.060 +back, through the back, here, and then + +00:44.060 --> 00:51.920 +quick up, and again down, quick up, and + +00:51.920 --> 00:54.720 +down, Oh yeah, and then you have your + +00:54.720 --> 00:56.760 +accent, so you do again this one. + +01:03.740 --> 01:06.980 +Okay. Yeah, and then it tells you to stop + +01:06.980 --> 01:11.580 +anyway. Marking maybe from this part. + +01:15.620 --> 01:20.380 +So from the music, we like just like let's + +01:20.380 --> 01:23.060 +learn the music. I think, Matthias, when + +01:23.060 --> 01:23.580 +we're... + +02:18.420 --> 02:21.640 +Okay, okay. This is with the steps also, + +02:21.820 --> 02:25.440 +no? This one is still with the, like with + +02:25.440 --> 02:29.260 +the raw, still like with the raw. And + +02:29.260 --> 02:32.000 +step, step, so it's a kind of step, step, + +02:32.060 --> 02:34.440 +yes, it's only in small, but the rhythm, + +02:34.540 --> 02:35.240 +but the feet stay. + +02:40.940 --> 02:47.520 +Then from here, you + +02:47.520 --> 02:51.040 +go in this direction, you have a small + +02:51.040 --> 02:59.500 +attitude, leg, leg, arm, arm, this, again + +02:59.500 --> 03:02.700 +this movement, Till you have an attitude, + +03:02.980 --> 03:08.720 +then you have this what the men do before, + +03:09.000 --> 03:16.240 +this, this, cut, passe, passe soutenu, + +03:16.360 --> 03:23.700 +till here, big raw to the floor, on the + +03:23.700 --> 03:25.120 +knee, yeah, all the way to the, yes, like + +03:25.120 --> 03:30.120 +that turn around very low and then very + +03:30.120 --> 03:37.100 +very front and one yes big fall and then + +03:37.100 --> 03:41.180 +you push back and you go again into this + +03:41.180 --> 03:49.260 +movement one. This, this, this, arm, arm. + +03:50.340 --> 03:53.300 +Here we won't have time really. And then + +03:53.300 --> 04:00.440 +comes turn, turn, Hop, step, step. Yes, + +04:00.500 --> 04:03.020 +yeah. So, yeah. + +04:09.620 --> 04:11.980 +Then you have to go a little bit backwards + +04:11.980 --> 04:14.020 +again to the foot, otherwise you are + +04:14.020 --> 04:17.980 +traveling too far. So you go always like + +04:17.980 --> 04:22.460 +it stays on the spot, yes. But not, not, + +04:22.460 --> 04:24.520 +not, the steps are not too big. the step + +04:24.520 --> 04:33.620 +is not too big yeah yeah + +04:33.620 --> 04:36.220 +okay okay yes + +04:42.280 --> 04:42.820 +whatever + +04:47.460 --> 04:50.120 +from the attitude you know where we ended + +04:56.460 --> 04:57.100 +Yeah. + +04:59.720 --> 05:01.120 +Yeah, yeah, yeah, okay. + +05:05.020 --> 05:05.660 +Also... + +05:52.600 --> 05:54.000 + + +06:06.940 --> 06:09.920 +but we're coming soon to the end anyway + +06:13.440 --> 06:16.780 +marking again just but mark really you + +06:16.780 --> 06:19.980 +know it's it's hard fernando + +06:24.380 --> 06:27.760 +Yeah, come a bit more forward. No, my + +06:27.760 --> 06:28.640 +reserve is still a bit. + +07:23.340 --> 07:23.700 + + +07:35.840 --> 07:39.140 +Okay, okay, okay, okay. Now with this new + +07:39.140 --> 07:44.580 +music, you're having a parallel jump in + +07:44.580 --> 07:47.020 +contraction. You're having the arms like + +07:47.020 --> 07:50.140 +this in the jump. It's fist, actually + +07:50.140 --> 07:50.860 +fist, no? + +07:57.960 --> 08:02.780 +Yeah, this, then it's like very fast. It's + +08:02.780 --> 08:08.040 +the turn, this, you turn, but this goes + +08:08.040 --> 08:10.660 +into, you turn like this, but this goes + +08:10.660 --> 08:11.940 +into this movement. + +08:15.580 --> 08:20.980 +You jump like this, you jump here. then + +08:20.980 --> 08:24.860 +you start the turn like this and from here + +08:24.860 --> 08:28.380 +you already touch it again you meet and + +08:28.380 --> 08:33.520 +you go into this movement this into the + +08:33.520 --> 08:35.900 +move and then you will be interrupted and + +08:35.900 --> 08:39.780 +you do another one i'm sorry i'm sorry i + +08:39.780 --> 08:42.780 +mixed it up with the second time yes oh + +08:42.780 --> 08:48.940 +sorry I mix it up with the second time. So + +08:48.940 --> 08:56.200 +again, so you have this, you turn into + +08:56.200 --> 09:04.320 +this and it comes here, down and up. go + +09:04.320 --> 09:11.700 +into this and open and down and very quick + +09:11.700 --> 09:16.600 +up you're done either way up and a little + +09:16.600 --> 09:19.840 +bit of this woman and then it's just like + +09:19.840 --> 09:22.500 +you just have no energy just on the knees + +09:22.500 --> 09:25.920 +they collapse and then And then just ploof + +09:25.920 --> 09:31.080 +and back. + +09:31.940 --> 09:37.080 +And actually, well anyway, that routine is + +09:37.080 --> 09:37.800 +before actually. + +09:41.020 --> 09:47.540 +And then goes the whole diagonal. Jump, + +09:47.880 --> 09:51.080 +accent, accent. + +09:54.580 --> 09:58.260 +Then actually you're over there, very far. + +09:58.480 --> 10:03.660 +I speak here anyway. So you are, then + +10:03.660 --> 10:06.680 +comes again this one with this movement + +10:06.680 --> 10:11.140 +but without the turn. You do jump again. + +10:11.560 --> 10:15.000 +It goes into this movement and the music + +10:15.000 --> 10:17.100 +will interrupt you. So we have to kind of + +10:17.100 --> 10:20.660 +do another one. So and to the hands, to + +10:20.660 --> 10:21.140 +the face. + +10:26.660 --> 10:30.180 +Yes, and then it's this music where it + +10:30.180 --> 10:32.020 +happened to you. You have to continue. + +10:32.200 --> 10:37.020 +Yes, it's like, yes. You go kind of + +10:37.020 --> 10:40.440 +middle. Yeah. + +10:46.100 --> 10:46.460 +up + +10:55.200 --> 10:58.600 +and then the last one is a mixture out of + +10:58.600 --> 11:02.940 +this movement and out of this moment the + +11:02.940 --> 11:05.960 +very quick ones on the end so where do we + +11:05.960 --> 11:07.660 +start from + +11:12.480 --> 11:15.040 +Music like? It's easier with music, the + +11:15.040 --> 11:20.720 +music tells you. And no more really. . + +11:21.920 --> 11:24.520 +Yeah, stop, yes. Okay, do from here. Here, + +11:24.540 --> 11:25.640 +altitude. + +11:44.040 --> 11:44.740 +Up. + +12:02.140 --> 12:05.000 +Yes, it's many times more, more than that, + +12:05.100 --> 12:06.580 +but anyway, you don't have to go on this + +12:06.580 --> 12:09.820 +actually. Is this the other leg? + +12:15.480 --> 12:20.060 +Yes, and turn, turn, up, open, open, down, + +12:20.240 --> 12:23.740 +up. That's very quickly, up, up. and then + +12:23.740 --> 12:29.320 +comes right away this one. This one and + +12:29.320 --> 12:36.520 +knee, fall and And... + +12:47.100 --> 12:49.440 +Just try it down, this time you're here, + +12:49.600 --> 12:51.360 +and then you have either way, yes. + +12:57.040 --> 12:59.100 +One time, then a jump again. + +13:06.980 --> 13:12.800 +No, the outside leg, the outside leg + +13:12.800 --> 13:22.100 +always. And then into + +13:22.100 --> 13:24.300 +the middle. + +13:40.320 --> 13:46.560 +This is like over the music, the end, well + +13:46.560 --> 13:50.660 +you know the music anyway. Anyway. From + +13:50.660 --> 13:51.060 +here. + +13:56.560 --> 13:59.020 +From the place where we were just now, + +13:59.120 --> 13:59.400 +Matthias. + +14:44.920 --> 14:49.200 + Let's go. + +15:50.380 --> 15:50.780 +Matthias? + +15:54.620 --> 15:56.260 +But really, she's also resting, right? + +15:57.400 --> 15:58.240 +Yes, I'm resting. + +16:01.300 --> 16:02.940 +I'm making sure. Yes, yes, yes. + +16:34.080 --> 16:36.020 +Okay. Okay. I don't know about after you. + +16:56.820 --> 16:58.220 +Thank you. + +17:36.980 --> 17:38.380 +about + +18:20.140 --> 18:21.480 +You want to mark it. + +19:05.120 --> 19:06.520 + + +19:35.120 --> 19:36.520 + + +20:04.480 --> 20:06.460 + + +20:35.120 --> 20:36.520 + + +21:05.120 --> 21:06.520 + + +22:46.800 --> 22:49.600 +Thank you. + +23:06.540 --> 23:07.320 +Let's see if we can get another one in. + +23:11.060 --> 23:13.960 +Who was it for? Rafaela. + +23:51.260 --> 23:56.140 +Actually, I didn't know how long it takes, + +23:56.240 --> 23:58.320 +but I thought if we start something, we + +23:58.320 --> 24:00.400 +have to kind of go through the whole + +24:00.400 --> 24:02.280 +thing. It's terribly hard. It's really, + +24:02.420 --> 24:04.900 +and I think they did fantastic. and + +24:04.900 --> 24:07.060 +actually I thought we do something else + +24:07.060 --> 24:09.160 +but it's almost the opposite very light + +24:09.160 --> 24:12.020 +very nice very funny way but I think it + +24:12.020 --> 24:15.200 +got too late so I thought I just wanted to + +24:15.200 --> 24:17.440 +do two very different things but it's + +24:17.440 --> 24:17.660 +already + +24:35.460 --> 24:38.860 +I think they want to speak. It looks like + +24:38.860 --> 24:41.180 +we only have three seats, so we'll have to + +24:41.180 --> 24:42.840 +play musical chairs. Yeah, but anyway, you + +24:42.840 --> 24:44.360 +have to... We'll let you cool down. + +24:45.920 --> 24:47.700 +Otherwise, I'll come back to it. You can + +24:47.700 --> 24:52.380 +put on something and drink water. Yeah. + +24:53.780 --> 24:55.100 +Yeah, why don't you bring out a couple + +24:55.100 --> 24:55.440 +more chairs? + +25:22.600 --> 25:24.680 +As you can see, this is a, actually, + +25:24.680 --> 25:28.280 +you're participating, you're spectating in + +25:28.280 --> 25:30.780 +the context of an improvised three-act + +25:30.780 --> 25:35.820 +play. And this is the second act, and it's + +25:35.820 --> 25:37.900 +going to be a divided act in the sense + +25:37.900 --> 25:40.720 +that the first part of it will consist in + +25:40.720 --> 25:44.800 +a sort of, a fairly informal conversation + +25:44.800 --> 25:47.460 +between myself and Pina Bausch, and + +25:47.460 --> 25:49.420 +hopefully the dancers once they've + +25:49.420 --> 25:52.180 +recovered from their efforts. And then in + +25:52.180 --> 25:53.560 +the second half I'm going to just open up + +25:53.560 --> 25:55.600 +the floor to a general conversation so + +25:55.600 --> 25:59.040 +members of the audience will be invited to + +25:59.040 --> 26:03.260 +ask their questions and then the third act + +26:03.260 --> 26:06.340 +the triumphal act will be where we feed + +26:06.340 --> 26:10.240 +you out in the courtyard out here as a + +26:10.240 --> 26:13.600 +conclusion of the event and it is meant as + +26:13.600 --> 26:15.960 +a genuine third act in the sense that it + +26:15.960 --> 26:17.880 +is participatory but it's participatory + +26:17.880 --> 26:19.940 +not adjusting the gastronomical sense it's + +26:19.940 --> 26:23.080 +your opportunity to actually meet with + +26:23.080 --> 26:26.500 +Pina Bausch herself, with the dancers who + +26:26.500 --> 26:31.500 +will be partaking of our repast with us. I + +26:31.500 --> 26:34.280 +thought as a kind of introduction to our + +26:34.280 --> 26:36.680 +conversation I would ask you, since the + +26:36.680 --> 26:39.480 +Rite of Spring is a piece that has long + +26:39.480 --> 26:44.640 +been a part of your career, and it is one + +26:44.640 --> 26:46.440 +of the central monuments in a sense in the + +26:46.440 --> 26:50.160 +history of modern dance. It's a piece of + +26:50.160 --> 26:53.420 +music and the choreographies of which have + +26:53.420 --> 26:56.140 +really marked the entire history of modern + +26:56.140 --> 27:00.700 +dance and it's also a dance and a piece of + +27:00.700 --> 27:03.800 +music that is so much built around the + +27:03.800 --> 27:07.780 +polarity of dance as associated with + +27:07.780 --> 27:10.460 +renewal on the one side with resurgent + +27:10.460 --> 27:13.040 +life and on the other side with depth, + +27:13.220 --> 27:17.020 +with expenditure. I was just curious as a + +27:17.020 --> 27:19.460 +sort of starting question to ask you what + +27:19.460 --> 27:21.080 +your personal relationship is to this + +27:21.080 --> 27:22.620 +piece. I mean in what sense is it a piece + +27:22.620 --> 27:24.100 +that you've returned to in the course of + +27:24.100 --> 27:26.040 +your career as a dancer and a + +27:26.040 --> 27:28.700 +choreographer? You mean why we are doing + +27:28.700 --> 27:31.520 +it again or something? Yeah. Actually we + +27:31.520 --> 27:35.260 +keep a very big repertoire. I do every + +27:35.260 --> 27:40.920 +day, every year a new work and we perform + +27:40.920 --> 27:44.980 +about 12, 14 different evenings from the + +27:44.980 --> 27:48.140 +repertoire in a year. And sometimes + +27:48.140 --> 27:50.640 +because of, I don't know for certain + +27:50.640 --> 27:54.200 +because of where we travel or because a + +27:54.200 --> 27:56.340 +dancer is leaving or something, so we lose + +27:56.340 --> 27:58.820 +a piece. And then every year I try also to + +27:58.820 --> 28:01.000 +have one of the old ones. But Sacre we + +28:01.000 --> 28:03.300 +always carry with us the whole time. We + +28:03.300 --> 28:06.240 +always perform it from time to time. It + +28:06.240 --> 28:08.340 +was always there. + +28:11.380 --> 28:15.900 +And in a way it's also very healthy, I + +28:15.900 --> 28:18.640 +think, for the company, the new ones. + +28:19.360 --> 28:21.920 +Everybody, you know, have to kind of go + +28:21.920 --> 28:25.340 +through many different things. The other + +28:25.340 --> 28:26.880 +way, many people sometimes say, and I say, + +28:26.940 --> 28:29.160 +why don't you do another Sacre? And they + +28:29.160 --> 28:31.120 +say, but we do Sacre, you know? So it + +28:31.120 --> 28:33.660 +makes me also with each new work, I have + +28:33.660 --> 28:36.220 +to open another door. So if I keep my own + +28:36.220 --> 28:39.300 +works like they are, I have to always like + +28:39.300 --> 28:41.420 +go somewhere else, what I think is very + +28:41.420 --> 28:44.280 +good to do. But in the course of your + +28:44.280 --> 28:47.680 +performance of it, do you alter the basic + +28:47.680 --> 28:51.580 +way in which you present the piece, the + +28:51.580 --> 28:55.740 +different aspects of the choreography + +28:55.740 --> 28:57.560 +itself, or has it remained relatively + +28:57.560 --> 28:59.660 +stable in the course of the years? No, I + +28:59.660 --> 29:02.600 +tried to do what I did in the beginning. + +29:04.160 --> 29:06.560 +And the first performance, it goes back to + +29:06.560 --> 29:12.320 +the mid-70s? Yes, 76 or something, no? 77. + +29:17.080 --> 29:19.280 +I haven't seen the original staging of it, + +29:19.360 --> 29:21.080 +but in the ordinary staging, you were + +29:21.080 --> 29:22.500 +referring to the fact that this is a real + +29:22.500 --> 29:24.480 +floor, but you would ordinarily perform it + +29:24.480 --> 29:27.920 +with loam or peat moss. Yeah, this is with + +29:27.920 --> 29:32.540 +turf. I don't know, turf. And so it's a + +29:32.540 --> 29:34.520 +completely different experience. I mean, + +29:34.560 --> 29:36.860 +there are many, many dancers involved in + +29:36.860 --> 29:39.320 +this piece, and so it's really, and the + +29:39.320 --> 29:43.380 +music is incredible. It's so strong. It's + +29:43.380 --> 29:46.620 +very, very energetic. So this is just a + +29:46.620 --> 29:49.260 +little bit from the end, you know, but and + +29:49.260 --> 29:53.560 +before it's so it's but what I like about + +29:53.560 --> 30:00.940 +I mean the the earth, the talk, because it + +30:00.940 --> 30:03.800 +the effect it has on a body. First of all + +30:03.800 --> 30:06.760 +also it's completely different to it's all + +30:06.760 --> 30:09.040 +about the earth. Also the starting I mean + +30:09.040 --> 30:11.300 +why they are arriving there and all this + +30:11.300 --> 30:13.700 +but but also because when they start + +30:13.700 --> 30:15.920 +sweating and moving, so it sticks onto + +30:15.920 --> 30:18.020 +them. So when they fall, they are + +30:18.020 --> 30:21.280 +everywhere full of earth. So you should + +30:21.280 --> 30:23.740 +see them when they are all after the, when + +30:23.740 --> 30:25.820 +they come for buying, it's like they are + +30:25.820 --> 30:27.700 +all over with earth and they look + +30:27.700 --> 30:29.180 +fantastic, I think. + +30:32.780 --> 30:34.160 +It's interesting that you mentioned that + +30:34.160 --> 30:35.780 +because in the piece that you were + +30:35.780 --> 30:37.600 +performing at Zellerbach, Nelken + +30:37.600 --> 30:40.320 +carnations, the stage is covered with + +30:40.320 --> 30:42.320 +carnations, with hundreds and hundreds of + +30:42.320 --> 30:44.940 +fresh carnations and similarly there not + +30:44.940 --> 30:48.980 +fresh i'm sorry they look fresh from the + +30:48.980 --> 30:52.420 +audience but in any case the the sort of + +30:52.420 --> 30:54.180 +interaction between the bodies and the + +30:54.180 --> 30:56.780 +support this you know natural support is a + +30:56.780 --> 31:01.180 +central feature of the piece is it what + +31:01.180 --> 31:05.200 +how did it first the the notion of using + +31:05.200 --> 31:07.860 +these kinds of of you know they're not not + +31:07.860 --> 31:09.660 +natural landscapes obviously, but they're + +31:09.660 --> 31:13.500 +ways of transforming the stage first arise + +31:13.500 --> 31:14.120 +in your work. + +31:17.640 --> 31:21.660 +Well of course when it's already, it's + +31:21.660 --> 31:26.400 +usually a later moment when to think about + +31:26.400 --> 31:29.780 +on what is the stage like, because first + +31:29.780 --> 31:35.560 +always only when I know in what kind of + +31:35.560 --> 31:39.320 +direction this piece will go then it's + +31:39.320 --> 31:43.980 +only possible to speak well how what could + +31:43.980 --> 31:48.180 +be I mean and I mean myself I like very + +31:48.180 --> 31:51.920 +much the experience that you have you have + +31:51.920 --> 31:54.420 +to pay an attention to something. So it's + +31:54.420 --> 31:58.380 +always a different experience, you know, + +31:58.420 --> 32:02.020 +like it's very central in a way. Also we + +32:02.020 --> 32:05.040 +have a piece like you come in the opera + +32:05.040 --> 32:08.960 +house and the whole stage is through the + +32:08.960 --> 32:11.900 +walls is grass, green grass, or another + +32:11.900 --> 32:15.280 +piece it's water. And of course all this + +32:15.280 --> 32:18.460 +is, there's so many things, you know, with + +32:18.460 --> 32:20.780 +the grass it's a different smell, it's + +32:20.780 --> 32:23.600 +silence, there are sometimes mosquitoes + +32:23.600 --> 32:27.620 +and little things, and it changes with the + +32:27.620 --> 32:30.720 +images, it gets another, it gets something + +32:30.720 --> 32:34.300 +else, so it can, with certain things, so + +32:34.300 --> 32:38.280 +it is a grass change and you look at the + +32:38.280 --> 32:39.960 +grass completely different, you look at + +32:39.960 --> 32:44.260 +the grass new, like in a place where it + +32:44.260 --> 32:47.640 +didn't belong. Also, or the experience + +32:47.640 --> 32:51.580 +when things in water happen because it's + +32:51.580 --> 32:54.860 +like a mirror in a way. All the dresses + +32:54.860 --> 32:58.480 +are wet, the clothes get heavy, they are + +32:58.480 --> 33:02.040 +freezing. It makes certain music, it makes + +33:02.040 --> 33:05.000 +a lot of noise. You can splash the water, + +33:05.140 --> 33:06.960 +you can do all kinds of things with the + +33:06.960 --> 33:09.660 +water. And it has so many different + +33:09.660 --> 33:15.260 +meanings too. And so for me, all this + +33:15.260 --> 33:18.460 +together means a lot. Not only the + +33:18.460 --> 33:21.100 +movement, but for me the space, the music, + +33:21.380 --> 33:27.720 +the audience, also everything I think I'd + +33:27.720 --> 33:31.900 +like to join + +33:31.900 --> 33:35.540 +or something. Speaking of that, I mean + +33:35.540 --> 33:38.080 +frequently, as was the case at Zellerbach + +33:38.080 --> 33:41.060 +for instance, your company is performing + +33:41.060 --> 33:44.440 +in fairly traditional window box type + +33:44.440 --> 33:46.440 +stages. I mean stages where there's a + +33:46.440 --> 33:48.760 +separation between audience and + +33:48.760 --> 33:50.520 +performance space. That's a little bit + +33:50.520 --> 33:52.880 +less true here where we're in a gymnasium + +33:52.880 --> 33:54.580 +which essentially is used for athletic + +33:54.580 --> 33:56.760 +events, but other kinds of events as well. + +33:57.900 --> 34:01.420 +What I mean for you, what is an ideal + +34:01.420 --> 34:03.440 +performance situation given exactly the + +34:03.440 --> 34:06.860 +concept of spectacle that's inclusive that + +34:06.860 --> 34:12.240 +you were just describing? I think it had + +34:12.240 --> 34:15.000 +to do with where I was. I mean this was a + +34:15.000 --> 34:21.540 +fantastic possibility and these pieces are + +34:21.540 --> 34:25.560 +made also for being in a normal theater + +34:25.560 --> 34:32.360 +because I mean it's even you know even to + +34:32.360 --> 34:34.980 +put water on the stage it means for me I + +34:34.980 --> 34:37.260 +like the water in the opera house. It's + +34:37.260 --> 34:39.660 +already it means something so if you put + +34:39.660 --> 34:41.960 +water somewhere else it's not the same but + +34:41.960 --> 34:44.460 +in the opera house it's special. So it's + +34:44.460 --> 34:47.920 +already, so I think it's already the + +34:47.920 --> 34:51.620 +switch is, in this case, you know, I never + +34:51.620 --> 34:54.400 +had the possibility to do different, but + +34:54.400 --> 34:57.540 +not because, not only the possibilities, + +34:57.800 --> 34:59.880 +but because we also, we are traveling a + +34:59.880 --> 35:02.260 +lot, so it's for us also important, this + +35:02.260 --> 35:04.840 +work, they need a certain space and a + +35:04.840 --> 35:08.760 +certain size and possibilities, + +35:11.620 --> 35:15.100 +If I would do a piece in a certain space, + +35:15.300 --> 35:17.600 +that means it can't travel. It's also + +35:17.600 --> 35:22.000 +complicated, you know. I was curious about + +35:22.000 --> 35:23.960 +that because in a certain tradition of, + +35:24.520 --> 35:26.760 +well in some of the cases that really the + +35:26.760 --> 35:28.680 +founding, the inaugural cases in the + +35:28.680 --> 35:31.660 +history of dance, particularly the strain + +35:31.660 --> 35:33.960 +in dance theater that leads into + +35:33.960 --> 35:36.600 +expression dance, dance, the notion of + +35:36.600 --> 35:38.800 +outdoor performance was absolutely central + +35:38.800 --> 35:41.660 +to the whole sense of dance's social + +35:41.660 --> 35:42.000 +mission. + +35:46.000 --> 35:48.720 +So your particular variation on having + +35:48.720 --> 35:50.500 +grass in the opera house or water in the + +35:50.500 --> 35:51.500 +opera house seems like a particularly + +35:51.500 --> 35:55.460 +ironic twist. Sometimes we performed also + +35:55.460 --> 35:57.740 +outdoor, of course, but this were also, + +35:57.820 --> 35:59.920 +but there's is only with pieces possible + +35:59.920 --> 36:05.040 +which are having nothing important what is + +36:05.040 --> 36:07.680 +used from hanging or certain things and + +36:07.680 --> 36:13.940 +also and it depends on the space. One + +36:13.940 --> 36:17.340 +question I wanted to ask you that seems to + +36:17.340 --> 36:19.920 +be a really striking feature of your the + +36:19.920 --> 36:23.000 +way in which you construct scenes and your + +36:23.000 --> 36:27.200 +different performances is the the emphasis + +36:27.200 --> 36:29.760 +on bodies falling to the ground, the + +36:29.760 --> 36:31.260 +contact between bodies and the ground. You + +36:31.260 --> 36:33.960 +just mentioned in the case of your staging + +36:33.960 --> 36:37.540 +of the Rite of Spring, the importance for + +36:37.540 --> 36:40.240 +you that the bodies bear the trace of the + +36:40.240 --> 36:44.560 +support on which they perform. Whereas so + +36:44.560 --> 36:46.780 +much of classical ballet, and a great deal + +36:46.780 --> 36:50.920 +of modern and contemporary dance focuses + +36:50.920 --> 36:53.840 +so much on aerial effects. Is that + +36:53.840 --> 36:57.120 +something that you do a lot of thinking + +36:57.120 --> 37:00.260 +about it seems like such a strong current + +37:00.260 --> 37:03.940 +in your work. I think this is in each work + +37:03.940 --> 37:06.460 +is it's different it's very different but + +37:06.460 --> 37:09.400 +I I think in in the Rite of Spring of + +37:09.400 --> 37:13.280 +course I I feel it's it's very the the + +37:13.280 --> 37:17.200 +music it's I think the music is telling me + +37:17.200 --> 37:22.140 +that. You're just taking dictation. Yes in + +37:22.140 --> 37:26.320 +that case yes I mean this is with Sacre + +37:26.320 --> 37:30.340 +and also a few other pieces which when I + +37:30.340 --> 37:34.980 +really saw this incredible strength and + +37:34.980 --> 37:38.240 +this feeling what was in this music where + +37:38.240 --> 37:40.400 +I felt I have something to do with. I + +37:40.400 --> 37:44.940 +wanted very much to try to do. But other + +37:44.940 --> 37:49.960 +works, they are not fixed. It s like I + +37:49.960 --> 37:53.580 +take many different different musics and I + +37:53.580 --> 37:56.260 +make a new work and that's completely + +37:56.260 --> 37:58.500 +different then. And it depends also the + +37:58.500 --> 38:00.640 +big influence on the dancers also, the + +38:00.640 --> 38:03.520 +people which are in the company. It also + +38:03.520 --> 38:06.960 +has an influence and also in which time we + +38:06.960 --> 38:09.300 +are living. So it's not just doing a + +38:09.300 --> 38:12.100 +choreography but I think being aware of + +38:12.100 --> 38:16.240 +the feelings we are all having or what we + +38:16.240 --> 38:18.100 +are knowing or all all these kind of + +38:18.100 --> 38:20.880 +things, it all takes part. + +38:24.100 --> 38:28.600 +And if what we had seen this evening was + +38:28.600 --> 38:32.720 +instead of a rehearsal of a piece that + +38:32.720 --> 38:36.580 +you've choreographed and represented many, + +38:36.720 --> 38:39.320 +many times, if you were in the process of + +38:39.320 --> 38:41.580 +developing a new piece, what would have + +38:41.580 --> 38:43.520 +been different about what the audience + +38:43.520 --> 38:48.060 +experienced tonight? I mean, this is also + +38:48.060 --> 38:50.360 +quite unusual because usually we don't do + +38:50.360 --> 38:52.360 +this. I mean, that I'm teaching this solo + +38:52.360 --> 38:55.140 +to now all the dancers, this was like also + +38:55.140 --> 38:56.420 +an exception, I must say. + +39:00.360 --> 39:04.200 +Well, it's of course, what is very + +39:04.200 --> 39:06.160 +different. + +39:07.460 --> 39:10.300 +I mean, here you can still you feel what + +39:10.300 --> 39:14.420 +is sacred. But in the other works, there + +39:14.420 --> 39:17.120 +are so many little different stories + +39:17.120 --> 39:20.120 +inside or thoughts or images or whatever, + +39:20.300 --> 39:25.960 +what comes out of it. And each of the + +39:25.960 --> 39:30.380 +dancers, each one is in a different way + +39:30.380 --> 39:32.680 +important and also their certain + +39:32.680 --> 39:37.160 +personality and the way how the influence + +39:37.160 --> 39:40.160 +and also they each have their own dances, + +39:40.300 --> 39:45.140 +their own different way of dancing and + +39:45.140 --> 39:48.640 +choreography. So that's completely, it's + +39:48.640 --> 39:51.100 +very complicated. I mean, it's just like + +39:51.900 --> 39:56.620 +the best is to see it. That's always true. + +39:57.740 --> 40:00.400 +But I guess what I was curious about is in + +40:00.400 --> 40:02.040 +terms of your working method, when you're + +40:02.040 --> 40:05.820 +developing a new piece, What's the degree + +40:05.820 --> 40:11.480 +to which you have a fairly clear concept + +40:11.480 --> 40:14.600 +of what the shape of a particular passage + +40:14.600 --> 40:17.500 +should be versus what happens by accident, + +40:17.740 --> 40:22.620 +by serendipity, by virtue, by dint of + +40:22.620 --> 40:26.960 +improvisation? I think that is a very big + +40:26.960 --> 40:29.320 +change from when I started the way how I + +40:29.320 --> 40:32.540 +work now. In the beginning when I came + +40:32.540 --> 40:39.720 +having this company in Bukhara, I always + +40:39.720 --> 40:42.800 +tried to prepare everything, to be very + +40:42.800 --> 40:45.220 +prepared and planned and thought + +40:45.220 --> 40:47.960 +everything because I was scared. I was + +40:47.960 --> 40:50.700 +afraid somebody asked me, what do we do? + +40:50.800 --> 40:54.100 +And I said, I don't know. So I was + +40:54.100 --> 40:58.140 +thinking of everything and then I never + +40:58.140 --> 41:00.340 +come into this situation. I was terribly + +41:00.340 --> 41:03.840 +scared to say or to speak about it because + +41:03.840 --> 41:09.080 +for me, in one way I don't find the right + +41:09.080 --> 41:11.420 +word. In another way, I always feel like + +41:11.420 --> 41:14.300 +if I say something too important, I never + +41:14.300 --> 41:17.360 +can reach what I say. I mean, it's better + +41:17.360 --> 41:19.100 +I don't say nothing and hopefully + +41:19.100 --> 41:21.720 +something arrives. you know. + +41:25.540 --> 41:29.900 +But already in the beginning I felt + +41:29.900 --> 41:33.840 +sometimes you know you work and certainly + +41:34.640 --> 41:37.520 +something happened in the rehearsal, you + +41:37.520 --> 41:39.420 +see something very little but has nothing + +41:39.420 --> 41:42.540 +to do with what you have planned and you + +41:42.540 --> 41:44.700 +don't know exactly why is it so important. + +41:45.640 --> 41:47.680 +Why is it It's so important. Then you have + +41:47.680 --> 41:50.180 +to think, I mean, you have to think what + +41:50.180 --> 41:53.020 +you do. I mean, is this what you think, + +41:53.060 --> 41:55.100 +why, what you like most certainly so much + +41:55.100 --> 41:58.000 +and interest you, do you follow this or + +41:58.000 --> 42:00.140 +you follow your plan? So what I did, I + +42:00.140 --> 42:02.600 +followed always that. I left my plans + +42:02.600 --> 42:03.220 +behind. + +42:08.800 --> 42:10.880 +That is also very difficult. + +42:14.240 --> 42:16.960 +You go somewhere where you don't know it + +42:16.960 --> 42:19.940 +brings you. So in a way you have to just + +42:19.940 --> 42:26.180 +trust it and actually we are there, the + +42:26.180 --> 42:29.000 +company and me, and life is there. And now + +42:29.000 --> 42:32.400 +what do we do? We speak about life, about + +42:32.400 --> 42:35.360 +love, about everything what is important, + +42:35.360 --> 42:39.540 +of course + +42:39.540 --> 42:43.680 +in the beginning of the years I had I + +42:43.680 --> 42:48.200 +judged some like I did if you gain you of + +42:48.200 --> 42:51.840 +Taurus from look an opera and it like a + +42:51.840 --> 42:54.820 +dance opera I did it just with dancers and + +42:54.820 --> 42:57.180 +also offers in a really good I did blue + +42:57.180 --> 43:02.340 +beard I did soccer and and the seven + +43:02.340 --> 43:05.240 +deadly sins. But at the same time already + +43:05.240 --> 43:08.720 +I did other works. I just things I like. + +43:09.140 --> 43:13.120 +And because also, you see these pieces + +43:13.120 --> 43:14.720 +which I was just telling you, that means + +43:14.720 --> 43:17.200 +there is like a solo part in it. There is + +43:17.200 --> 43:19.940 +a main figure. You know, if you give me + +43:19.940 --> 43:23.860 +the or here you have, I mean there's + +43:23.860 --> 43:25.480 +everybody in the choreography is very + +43:25.480 --> 43:27.700 +important, but still there is this girl on + +43:27.700 --> 43:31.300 +the end. It's the main part. and also in + +43:31.300 --> 43:32.880 +Bluebeard, you have Bluebeard and Judith. + +43:33.040 --> 43:35.120 +But then I had so many beautiful dancers. + +43:35.360 --> 43:37.680 +They are all so different personalities + +43:37.680 --> 43:40.200 +and so fantastic and each one very + +43:40.200 --> 43:43.640 +different. So I wanted very much to create + +43:43.640 --> 43:48.020 +something for them. So it started to be a + +43:48.020 --> 43:52.760 +completely different work. And I think we + +43:52.760 --> 43:57.760 +are speaking much more about in this work, + +43:57.880 --> 44:02.880 +heroes in that way don't exist. It's just + +44:02.880 --> 44:09.500 +like, it's talking about us. I mean, not + +44:09.500 --> 44:12.880 +us personally, not private. I don't mean + +44:12.880 --> 44:19.340 +this. And the way how to do this is of + +44:19.340 --> 44:21.220 +course each choreographer has to find + +44:21.220 --> 44:25.480 +their own way how to find, how to do this. + +44:25.660 --> 44:28.920 +Because when there is no piece, is no + +44:28.920 --> 44:31.640 +music, is no set, where do you start? You + +44:31.640 --> 44:36.020 +have to find a kind of way, you know, like + +44:36.020 --> 44:39.360 +I never did start from the beginning. I + +44:39.360 --> 44:43.620 +start with question, like maybe sometimes + +44:43.620 --> 44:45.980 +question I have to myself or other + +44:45.980 --> 44:49.360 +question and because I know what I want + +44:49.360 --> 44:52.520 +but I don't, has no shape, has no words. + +44:53.580 --> 44:56.980 +So but how can I find, how can I shape it, + +44:57.020 --> 44:58.980 +this what I really know what I'm looking + +44:58.980 --> 45:01.520 +for because it's really, it's so clear + +45:01.520 --> 45:03.740 +what I'm looking for but I couldn't say + +45:03.740 --> 45:09.160 +it, you know. So I start + +45:09.160 --> 45:13.060 +with many, many questions. And each one, + +45:13.160 --> 45:16.600 +each member in the company, they have this + +45:16.600 --> 45:18.860 +question, they sing, and then you think + +45:18.860 --> 45:20.800 +you are not in a dance studio, they sit + +45:20.800 --> 45:24.720 +and sing and do the pencil. And then each + +45:24.720 --> 45:27.480 +one is doing something, or maybe not, + +45:27.620 --> 45:30.620 +maybe they tell me tomorrow, or like like + +45:30.620 --> 45:34.600 +this, and they can do some movement or + +45:34.600 --> 45:36.540 +something that comes to their mind, or + +45:36.540 --> 45:42.440 +talking or singing or whatever. And this I + +45:42.440 --> 45:45.520 +do actually many, many, like for weeks, + +45:45.660 --> 45:49.000 +and also bringing maybe other ideas into + +45:49.000 --> 45:51.520 +it, but the questions are all around + +45:51.520 --> 45:57.460 +something, kind of. But these These weeks + +45:57.460 --> 46:03.180 +are just like making material or try to + +46:03.180 --> 46:06.220 +find material because actually it will be + +46:06.220 --> 46:10.380 +maybe 5% of what we are all doing maybe + +46:10.380 --> 46:15.140 +will arrive in the work. So the final + +46:15.140 --> 46:18.220 +process to when to start, I mean, it's + +46:18.220 --> 46:23.140 +much, much later and also never from from + +46:23.140 --> 46:24.540 +the beginning it's something so + +46:24.540 --> 46:27.400 +complicated and so delicate when you try + +46:27.400 --> 46:30.040 +to put two little things together. And + +46:30.040 --> 46:31.840 +when you try that little bit with another + +46:31.840 --> 46:33.960 +one, it's completely different. It means + +46:33.960 --> 46:35.420 +something else. It feels something + +46:35.420 --> 46:37.840 +different. And when you add a music even + +46:37.840 --> 46:41.880 +too, it's so complicated and it's so rich + +46:41.880 --> 46:44.460 +and it's endless and possibilities. So you + +46:44.460 --> 46:44.820 +have to + +46:54.380 --> 46:55.780 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/qf378nj5000_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/qf378nj5000_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e6d08d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/qf378nj5000_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,2300 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:02.320 --> 00:03.000 +. + +00:23.680 --> 00:26.740 +My name is Elvira Prieto. I'm a sophomore + +00:26.740 --> 00:30.240 +in human biology here. I'm from Reedley, + +00:30.360 --> 00:32.060 +California, which is a small agricultural + +00:32.060 --> 00:34.280 +town in the San Joaquin Valley. My parents + +00:34.280 --> 00:36.260 +are migrant workers, and I've worked in + +00:36.260 --> 00:38.180 +the fields with them all my life, up until + +00:38.180 --> 00:43.320 +I started coming to school. My name is Eva + +00:43.320 --> 00:46.240 +Silva. I'm a senior majoring in human + +00:46.240 --> 00:49.320 +biology with an emphasis on education in + +00:49.320 --> 00:51.980 +the diverse classroom. And I'm from + +00:51.980 --> 00:54.840 +Salinas, California, and I'm going to be a + +00:54.840 --> 00:59.040 +math teacher. My name is Tamara Alvarado + +00:59.040 --> 01:01.420 +and I'm majoring in Spanish Chicano + +01:01.420 --> 01:05.400 +Studies. I'm from a town in San Diego + +01:05.400 --> 01:12.040 +called Escondido and what else? That's it + +01:12.040 --> 01:17.200 +for now. My name is Julia Gonzalez Luna. I + +01:17.200 --> 01:19.900 +am a senior majoring in public policy with + +01:19.900 --> 01:24.100 +a focus on on education. And I'm from + +01:24.100 --> 01:28.120 +Burbank, California, and I'm going to be a + +01:28.120 --> 01:31.180 +social studies high school teacher. + +01:35.720 --> 01:38.580 +Do you want to ask some questions here as + +01:38.580 --> 01:42.340 +to how this started? In your own words, + +01:42.460 --> 01:44.860 +how did it start? How did this hunter + +01:44.860 --> 01:45.980 +strike start and why? Why? + +01:50.840 --> 01:53.040 +How did it start? Speak to us as if we + +01:53.040 --> 01:56.260 +don't know. Okay. Speak to me like you do. + +01:56.740 --> 01:59.240 +Well, I guess it was a buildup of a lot of + +01:59.240 --> 02:01.280 +different things that have been happening, + +02:01.360 --> 02:03.920 +not only on this campus, but overall in + +02:03.920 --> 02:07.460 +this nation with the status of Chicanos + +02:07.460 --> 02:10.580 +and Chicanas in the United States, in the + +02:10.580 --> 02:14.380 +universities and everywhere else. So, you + +02:14.380 --> 02:18.760 +know, I guess I can run down, like, since + +02:18.760 --> 02:20.120 +my freshman year, so many things have + +02:20.120 --> 02:22.080 +happened, the closing down of the Office + +02:22.080 --> 02:26.320 +of Chicano Affairs, and then with all the + +02:26.320 --> 02:28.140 +threats, with the budget cuts to the + +02:28.140 --> 02:31.020 +ethnic centers, and just these attacks on + +02:31.020 --> 02:33.840 +the theme houses, on the ethnic centers, + +02:33.900 --> 02:37.060 +and everything else, and then the laying + +02:37.060 --> 02:41.240 +off of Cecilia Burciaga. I mean everything + +02:41.240 --> 02:43.760 +just like piled down piled down and so + +02:43.760 --> 02:46.200 +many things are happening that we say wait + +02:46.200 --> 02:48.060 +we need to do something about it and we + +02:48.060 --> 02:49.960 +need to change what's going on because + +02:49.960 --> 02:54.740 +nothing's happening that we want to happen + +02:55.480 --> 02:58.340 +I'm tired, I'm sorry. No, you sound good. + +02:58.520 --> 03:00.540 +Some people wonder why you would need to + +03:00.540 --> 03:02.980 +take a drastic measure like this. I think + +03:02.980 --> 03:05.620 +you'll say why didn't you? Because the + +03:05.620 --> 03:07.560 +administration has been very, whenever + +03:07.560 --> 03:10.600 +we've had like meetings and townhouse + +03:10.600 --> 03:11.920 +meetings or whatever, get togethers with + +03:11.920 --> 03:15.060 +any of the administrators, we don't get + +03:15.060 --> 03:17.680 +any results that we're happy with. And so + +03:17.680 --> 03:19.080 +it seemed to me like for them to really + +03:19.080 --> 03:21.240 +understand how extreme the situation is on + +03:21.240 --> 03:23.700 +this campus and how extreme things are + +03:23.700 --> 03:25.800 +outside in terms of immigrant bashing and + +03:25.800 --> 03:29.480 +just the way that people in Ispa Lo Alto + +03:29.480 --> 03:31.960 +are, that it was maybe the only way that + +03:31.960 --> 03:33.700 +they would, I don't know if it would touch + +03:33.700 --> 03:35.200 +their heart or if they would just stop to + +03:35.200 --> 03:37.380 +think about it or if we could get enough + +03:37.380 --> 03:39.520 +bad press for this university so that they + +03:39.520 --> 03:41.140 +could finally just really think about it. + +03:41.320 --> 03:42.960 +Because otherwise they weren't paying + +03:42.960 --> 03:44.780 +attention. It was just like everything had + +03:44.780 --> 03:46.860 +to go business as usual and there seemed + +03:46.860 --> 03:49.260 +to be this idea about hierarchy here that + +03:49.260 --> 03:51.300 +it was from top down it was what they said + +03:51.300 --> 03:53.480 +first and then if we could deal with that + +03:53.480 --> 03:56.280 +if we as students could deal with what the + +03:56.280 --> 03:57.880 +university wanted well then that was fine + +03:57.880 --> 03:59.840 +and if we couldn't that's too bad because + +03:59.840 --> 04:01.800 +they're at their position because you know + +04:01.800 --> 04:05.540 +they earned it or whatever yeah because + +04:05.540 --> 04:09.300 +meeting after meeting like you didn't get + +04:09.300 --> 04:12.240 +anything concrete from meeting with them + +04:12.240 --> 04:14.380 +every single time it was just okay I'll + +04:14.380 --> 04:15.580 +give I'll give you a meeting from 6 to 7, + +04:15.600 --> 04:17.820 +I'll give you a meeting from 5.30 to 6 or + +04:17.820 --> 04:22.000 +whatever. We've tried their methods. We've + +04:22.000 --> 04:25.380 +tried their methods of working things out. + +04:25.480 --> 04:27.940 +And their methods are to draw things out + +04:27.940 --> 04:31.420 +for as long as possible in order to not + +04:31.420 --> 04:33.200 +give us things. At least, you know, they + +04:33.200 --> 04:35.240 +may say differently, but that's what it + +04:35.240 --> 04:38.540 +feels like. And it's ridiculous to have to + +04:38.540 --> 04:42.160 +spend... I'm sorry I'm slow, but I'm a + +04:42.160 --> 04:44.840 +little bit tired. It's ridiculous to spend + +04:44.840 --> 04:46.480 +so much time just talking and talking + +04:46.480 --> 04:49.320 +about things. And they're trying to tire + +04:49.320 --> 04:53.500 +us out with just talking. So that's what + +04:53.500 --> 04:55.720 +it had to come to. And when people are not + +04:55.720 --> 04:58.560 +heard, and this happens in society at + +04:58.560 --> 05:01.700 +large, when people are not heard, yeah, I + +05:01.700 --> 05:04.480 +don't know if I want to say abnormal + +05:04.480 --> 05:07.000 +behaviors, but behaviors that are not + +05:07.000 --> 05:12.460 +normal are what happen. And yeah, this is + +05:12.460 --> 05:15.000 +not normal. This is not normal behavior + +05:15.000 --> 05:20.840 +for us to be not eating. But you know... I + +05:20.840 --> 05:22.840 +really like to eat. Yeah, we like to eat. + +05:23.980 --> 05:27.520 +And I emphasize, you know, why are + +05:27.520 --> 05:29.360 +Chicanos in prison? Why are Chicanos in + +05:29.360 --> 05:32.160 +poverty? That's not normal. That's not + +05:32.160 --> 05:34.980 +normal for people. But because of society, + +05:35.200 --> 05:38.080 +that's how we are. We've waited long + +05:38.080 --> 05:40.740 +enough for this. I mean, I know the + +05:40.740 --> 05:42.240 +administration is probably thinking, well, + +05:42.260 --> 05:43.900 +you know, be patient and these changes + +05:43.900 --> 05:46.240 +will happen. But we've been patient long + +05:46.240 --> 05:49.660 +enough. And, you know, the Chicano Studies + +05:49.660 --> 05:53.280 +major has been, was envisioned back in the + +05:53.280 --> 05:58.360 +70s, even the 60s. And we've been waiting + +05:58.360 --> 06:00.640 +since then. And it's about time that we + +06:00.640 --> 06:04.300 +get recognized. You know, Chicanos are the + +06:04.300 --> 06:08.200 +biggest, are coming to be a majority in + +06:08.200 --> 06:11.280 +California. you know, maybe even in the + +06:11.280 --> 06:14.100 +whole country after a while, but I mean + +06:14.100 --> 06:15.680 +it's about time that our issues get + +06:15.680 --> 06:18.380 +recognized and that other people just + +06:18.380 --> 06:22.080 +realize that we're not going to go away. + +06:22.360 --> 06:24.400 +And if they don't educate themselves about + +06:24.400 --> 06:27.940 +us, then it's just going to be worse for + +06:27.940 --> 06:31.340 +them. Julia, you co-authored a really + +06:31.340 --> 06:33.320 +beautiful poem entitled Somos Mujeres. + +06:33.740 --> 06:35.040 +What for you What do you think is the + +06:35.040 --> 06:37.820 +significance of having four Chicanas + +06:37.820 --> 06:41.540 +taking the Vanguard role in this movement, + +06:41.760 --> 06:43.200 +which is really bigger than this campus? + +06:44.940 --> 06:48.860 +For me, I mean... I don't know. We didn't + +06:48.860 --> 06:50.740 +really realize it was four women until + +06:50.740 --> 06:53.880 +somebody pointed it out to us. I mean, we + +06:53.880 --> 06:56.280 +knew it was girls, but we didn't see it + +06:56.280 --> 06:59.200 +like, you know, oh, there's no guys here, + +06:59.360 --> 07:06.080 +and what's up with the guys? but I don't + +07:06.080 --> 07:07.460 +know I mean we have a lot of supporters + +07:07.460 --> 07:09.400 +that are male and maybe they didn't say + +07:09.400 --> 07:10.800 +they're gonna go for the long run but + +07:10.800 --> 07:13.400 +they've been you know there the whole time + +07:13.400 --> 07:16.340 +everybody like has had has their roles and + +07:16.340 --> 07:19.700 +it's like there's some people that are the + +07:19.700 --> 07:21.360 +negotiators there's people that are + +07:21.360 --> 07:23.300 +security over here there's like everybody + +07:23.300 --> 07:27.180 +has a roles and you know we're not the the + +07:27.180 --> 07:29.160 +most important because if it wasn't for + +07:29.160 --> 07:31.180 +them then you know nobody would be + +07:31.180 --> 07:33.080 +listening to us or whatever and there's + +07:33.080 --> 07:34.860 +other people that have been fasting also + +07:34.860 --> 07:38.220 +like Felipe sitting over there again he's + +07:38.220 --> 07:40.320 +been fasting these three days with us as + +07:40.320 --> 07:41.400 +well and like there's people that + +07:41.400 --> 07:43.540 +committed to three days and others that do + +07:43.540 --> 07:46.280 +one one day cycles to show their support + +07:46.280 --> 07:50.140 +and solidarity it's true there are a lot + +07:50.140 --> 07:53.360 +of males that are doing really important + +07:53.360 --> 07:54.840 +stuff in terms of really trying you know + +07:54.840 --> 07:56.580 +like with the rest of the women also + +07:56.580 --> 07:58.480 +trying to take care of us and and trying + +07:58.480 --> 08:00.000 +to watch out for this, and they're just + +08:00.000 --> 08:02.600 +constantly looking out to see what we need + +08:02.600 --> 08:05.000 +or what needs to be done for the whole + +08:05.000 --> 08:06.780 +group. And so it's, I don't know, I don't + +08:06.780 --> 08:08.900 +know that it's specifically a female thing + +08:08.900 --> 08:11.260 +to be fasting or anything like that. Yeah, + +08:11.280 --> 08:12.600 +because I think... Because everybody + +08:12.600 --> 08:14.540 +really does have their own role, and + +08:14.540 --> 08:16.500 +everybody's been really supportive, and + +08:16.500 --> 08:19.480 +we're working together. It just so + +08:19.480 --> 08:22.600 +happened that we're the ones that... It + +08:22.600 --> 08:28.700 +was quite... that we're the ones that were + +08:28.700 --> 08:33.800 +ready mentally at this time to fast. And + +08:33.800 --> 08:36.440 +it just so happens that we're all women. + +08:37.560 --> 08:40.300 +People are calling us guerrillas and + +08:40.300 --> 08:42.160 +revolucionarias. + +08:44.840 --> 08:49.180 +That's fine. That's nice. That's really + +08:49.180 --> 08:52.360 +nice. But everybody's been revolutionary. + +08:52.360 --> 08:55.240 +And you know, it comes down to like... The + +08:55.240 --> 08:56.740 +focus should be on everybody. Yeah, it + +08:56.740 --> 08:59.000 +comes down to like what your, you know, I + +08:59.000 --> 09:00.660 +don't want to say your talents, because I + +09:00.660 --> 09:02.360 +don't think our talent is to be hungry, + +09:02.500 --> 09:05.960 +but... But pretty much like everybody is + +09:05.960 --> 09:08.200 +taking on the role that is best suited for + +09:08.200 --> 09:08.600 +themselves. + +09:14.240 --> 09:18.640 +There's Felipe! There's Felipe! You have + +09:18.640 --> 09:20.240 +all the things that you could have done, + +09:20.280 --> 09:22.800 +all the actions you could have taken. Why + +09:22.800 --> 09:26.280 +fasting? Why did you choose to fast? + +09:29.340 --> 09:32.720 +Well, it's obviously a really strong + +09:32.720 --> 09:36.420 +statement. It's something that is + +09:36.420 --> 09:40.300 +uncompromising and it's something that + +09:40.300 --> 09:42.740 +shows just how serious we are about these + +09:42.740 --> 09:45.760 +issues. They are issues that our fathers, + +09:45.880 --> 09:47.720 +grandfathers, and people way before us + +09:47.720 --> 09:50.340 +have fought for. We have a responsibility + +09:50.340 --> 09:53.860 +to those ancestors of ours to make sure + +09:53.860 --> 09:55.400 +that those dreams that they had, that + +09:55.400 --> 09:58.780 +vision they had, is fulfilled. We can't + +09:58.780 --> 10:01.340 +just, you know, it may be 20 years, 20, + +10:01.460 --> 10:04.980 +30, 20 years later from the Chicano + +10:04.980 --> 10:06.780 +movement that people think is dead, but + +10:06.780 --> 10:08.340 +it's not dead. We're here and we're living + +10:08.340 --> 10:09.440 +and we're the Chicano movement. + +10:17.540 --> 10:19.860 +Felipe, you just joined us, but actually + +10:19.860 --> 10:21.240 +you've been with us throughout this whole + +10:21.240 --> 10:23.500 +struggle from the beginning as was pointed + +10:23.500 --> 10:25.420 +out. Can you tell us a little bit about + +10:25.420 --> 10:27.600 +yourself, where you're from, and your + +10:27.600 --> 10:30.980 +reflection on this struggle? Sure. My name + +10:30.980 --> 10:33.060 +is Felipe Barragan. I'm a freshman, + +10:33.300 --> 10:36.960 +originally from Los Angeles, California. + +10:39.160 --> 10:41.740 +This struggle, I think for me, it's + +10:41.740 --> 10:44.660 +something that's very important because I + +10:44.660 --> 10:47.720 +went to high school in Watts and a lot of + +10:47.720 --> 10:50.080 +people know what Watts is like, 1965, + +10:50.680 --> 10:53.500 +Watts Rebellion, the Ninety-Two Riots. + +10:54.120 --> 10:57.880 +There I saw issues that the educational + +10:57.880 --> 11:00.280 +system for high school students and + +11:00.280 --> 11:02.240 +Chicanos, Latinos there wasn't addressing + +11:02.240 --> 11:05.420 +the real issues. Once I came here, I got a + +11:05.420 --> 11:08.320 +taste of it, I got a taste of Chicano + +11:08.320 --> 11:10.820 +studies and I found out how crucial that + +11:10.820 --> 11:15.560 +was. And I think that getting involved + +11:15.560 --> 11:17.920 +with the struggle is important for me to + +11:17.920 --> 11:22.400 +build the processes with which we learn to + +11:22.400 --> 11:24.600 +deal with inner city to wipe out the + +11:24.600 --> 11:27.140 +marginalization of our people. + +11:30.060 --> 11:34.580 +In terms of your actions, a lot of people + +11:34.580 --> 11:36.860 +are probably thinking that you came here + +11:36.860 --> 11:39.120 +to study and that you should be in the + +11:39.120 --> 11:42.580 +classroom, not protesting. + +11:44.020 --> 11:47.460 +So you're making a decision, because it is + +11:47.460 --> 11:50.940 +a pretty tough university to be at and + +11:50.940 --> 11:53.160 +there's a lot of demands and you're kind + +11:53.160 --> 11:56.200 +of out there really taking a big chance. + +11:57.160 --> 12:00.800 +How did you make that decision? See, I + +12:00.800 --> 12:07.120 +guess the main thing is, I never, when I + +12:07.120 --> 12:09.580 +came here I didn't want to come and just + +12:09.580 --> 12:14.260 +study and go to class and go back home, + +12:14.360 --> 12:16.320 +study, do my work and just concentrate on + +12:16.320 --> 12:18.600 +myself. While there's people out there, + +12:18.680 --> 12:20.740 +there's students in the high schools that + +12:20.740 --> 12:21.700 +are getting pushed pushed out of the + +12:21.700 --> 12:24.500 +schools, there's the farm workers that are + +12:24.500 --> 12:26.100 +getting treated badly, there's kids being + +12:26.100 --> 12:27.500 +born without hands because of the + +12:27.500 --> 12:29.580 +pesticides that they put on the grapes. I + +12:29.580 --> 12:31.480 +mean, I can't just sit and concentrate on + +12:31.480 --> 12:33.440 +my own work and not worry about what's + +12:33.440 --> 12:37.140 +going on because that's my people, that's + +12:37.140 --> 12:39.160 +my parents, that's my family, that's + +12:39.160 --> 12:42.440 +everybody. I wouldn't be able to live with + +12:42.440 --> 12:44.640 +myself without doing anything about it. I + +12:44.640 --> 12:46.060 +wouldn't be able to live with myself + +12:46.060 --> 12:47.540 +without just thinking about myself and my + +12:47.540 --> 12:49.660 +career and getting straight A's and and + +12:49.660 --> 12:51.480 +doing my resumes and stuff like that, I + +12:51.480 --> 12:53.220 +wouldn't be able to do that. I mean, both + +12:53.220 --> 12:56.600 +things can be done. You know, so, like, I + +12:56.600 --> 12:58.820 +think that we're doing this so that, you + +12:58.820 --> 13:00.580 +know, later generations of Stanford + +13:00.580 --> 13:03.120 +Chicanos and Chicanas don't have to do it. + +13:03.320 --> 13:05.820 +Today we had, you know, little Chicanitas + +13:05.820 --> 13:07.620 +and Chicanitos from East Palo Alto come + +13:07.620 --> 13:09.820 +out and from a Vale Afro-Clerico group + +13:09.820 --> 13:12.280 +called Raíces de México, and they came out + +13:12.280 --> 13:15.160 +and they came out and supported us. You + +13:15.160 --> 13:16.700 +know, they're just little kids. I don't + +13:16.700 --> 13:18.920 +know, they're probably, like, from 5 to, + +13:18.980 --> 13:21.400 +like, 12. maybe and you know the reason + +13:21.400 --> 13:23.300 +we're doing this now and sacrificing our + +13:23.300 --> 13:26.660 +academic times or study hours or whatever + +13:26.660 --> 13:30.560 +um you so that they when they come here + +13:30.560 --> 13:34.540 +you know you know they can focus you know + +13:34.540 --> 13:37.400 +on on doing the things that they need to + +13:37.400 --> 13:41.040 +do instead of having to struggle so much i + +13:41.040 --> 13:42.460 +mean i think it's just like our parents + +13:42.460 --> 13:44.020 +you know they struggle so that we don't + +13:44.020 --> 13:46.060 +have to struggle and we don't i mean we + +13:46.060 --> 13:48.420 +don't struggle we're still struggling but + +13:48.420 --> 13:50.020 +at a different level You know what I mean? + +13:50.360 --> 13:53.520 +We're not, I mean, we don't have to worry, + +13:53.660 --> 13:55.160 +once we get out of here, we're not going + +13:55.160 --> 13:56.760 +to have to worry about where am I going to + +13:56.760 --> 13:59.100 +get something to eat like before or how + +13:59.100 --> 14:00.460 +are we going to pay the bills. We're + +14:00.460 --> 14:01.980 +probably going to have to, you know, we're + +14:01.980 --> 14:03.400 +probably going to be able to pay even our + +14:03.400 --> 14:07.340 +parents' bills. Hopefully, yeah. Yeah, I + +14:07.340 --> 14:13.320 +think it also goes + +14:13.320 --> 14:15.900 +back to the question about where, why did + +14:15.900 --> 14:18.020 +we choose a hunger strike. It's kind of + +14:18.020 --> 14:20.180 +like, you know, we know that our grades + +14:20.180 --> 14:21.600 +are going to suffer from this and we're + +14:21.600 --> 14:24.100 +not going to graduate with a great GPA, + +14:24.280 --> 14:27.180 +you know, as we could have. And I mean, + +14:27.180 --> 14:29.800 +it's to show that, I mean, we know that + +14:29.800 --> 14:33.540 +we're capable of doing a work, but we feel + +14:33.540 --> 14:35.840 +so strongly about this that we're willing + +14:35.840 --> 14:38.740 +to do a little bit, you know, worse than + +14:38.740 --> 14:40.820 +everybody else because our issues are so + +14:40.820 --> 14:41.260 +important. + +14:44.500 --> 14:47.040 +I don't know if the administration sees + +14:47.040 --> 14:50.200 +that, but I don't know if anybody sees + +14:50.200 --> 14:56.680 +that. I know that I could be a nice + +14:56.680 --> 15:05.180 +student, but I choose to better be a human + +15:05.180 --> 15:08.280 +being first, first and to care more about + +15:08.280 --> 15:12.400 +my people than about my grades. I was + +15:12.400 --> 15:14.940 +going to ask you, related to the incident + +15:14.940 --> 15:17.800 +that happened on Sunday at the Flix, the + +15:17.800 --> 15:23.140 +film, notaries of shows, how do you feel + +15:23.140 --> 15:26.480 +or what steps can the university take to + +15:26.480 --> 15:30.140 +educate the student community, even staff + +15:30.140 --> 15:33.960 +and faculty, about the issue of ongoing + +15:33.960 --> 15:36.980 +racism, the issue why it's important to + +15:36.980 --> 15:40.100 +have abandoned graves on this campus. How + +15:40.100 --> 15:42.300 +do you think the university can take a + +15:42.300 --> 15:46.260 +proactive role in educating the community? + +15:46.640 --> 15:49.940 +I think if they really truly believe that + +15:49.940 --> 15:51.840 +that isn't right, that the incident at + +15:51.840 --> 15:54.260 +Flix isn't right, or that people should + +15:54.260 --> 15:58.500 +know and should understand that the + +15:58.500 --> 16:00.420 +pesticides and the harm that they're doing + +16:00.420 --> 16:02.760 +to people is wrong, then they should take + +16:02.760 --> 16:04.020 +it upon themselves to educate this + +16:04.020 --> 16:05.000 +university. If they really feel + +16:05.000 --> 16:06.400 +responsible for the education of their + +16:06.400 --> 16:08.480 +students, if they really, if they believe + +16:08.480 --> 16:09.840 +that that is an important issue, that + +16:09.840 --> 16:12.360 +people's lives and people's health and the + +16:12.360 --> 16:14.680 +reaction of some or a lot of students + +16:14.680 --> 16:18.460 +finding that amusing, there's something + +16:18.460 --> 16:19.640 +wrong with that. There's something wrong + +16:19.640 --> 16:22.000 +with the mentality or with the ignorance + +16:22.000 --> 16:24.000 +level or something of the students at this + +16:24.000 --> 16:25.800 +university. And they are responsible + +16:25.800 --> 16:27.700 +because they're the administrators, + +16:27.800 --> 16:29.520 +they're in charge of this school. They're + +16:29.520 --> 16:32.620 +here to serve the students, but they're + +16:32.620 --> 16:34.580 +also here to help educate them. And + +16:34.580 --> 16:36.260 +there's, I mean, to me that proved just a + +16:36.260 --> 16:37.780 +lot of ignorance. It didn't surprise me, + +16:37.820 --> 16:39.600 +but it was very offensive and it was very + +16:39.600 --> 16:41.660 +disrespectful. And if they really, if they + +16:41.660 --> 16:43.820 +agree with that at all, then it's their + +16:43.820 --> 16:46.920 +responsibility to deal with it. I mean, + +16:46.940 --> 16:49.720 +the main things that we're, you know, just + +16:49.720 --> 16:52.100 +to bring up what we're striking striking + +16:52.100 --> 16:57.500 +about. We have these issues that we have + +16:57.500 --> 16:59.420 +been dealing with as a community for a + +16:59.420 --> 17:05.360 +long time. One of them being a campus ban + +17:05.360 --> 17:09.980 +on grapes, the development of a Chicano + +17:09.980 --> 17:13.460 +Studies program, and the community center + +17:13.460 --> 17:14.220 +in Hispalo Alto. + +17:17.540 --> 17:19.640 +These are things that we can talk about + +17:19.640 --> 17:25.140 +specifically and offered for Cecilia + +17:25.140 --> 17:27.040 +Bulciaga. And the offer for a high-level + +17:27.040 --> 17:29.940 +position for Cecilia Bulciaga, a high + +17:29.940 --> 17:34.880 +-level administrator here. Why is it + +17:34.880 --> 17:38.180 +important for the university to recognize + +17:38.180 --> 17:44.380 +Cecilia's contributions? Why is Cecilia's + +17:44.380 --> 17:47.560 +position in Cecilia's role included among + +17:47.560 --> 17:52.180 +these other three? Well basically because + +17:52.180 --> 17:55.060 +it ties down to the whole approach that + +17:55.060 --> 17:56.880 +we're taking that our education isn't + +17:56.880 --> 17:58.940 +addressing the real issues. You know the + +17:58.940 --> 18:02.480 +issues being poverty, the joblessness, and + +18:02.480 --> 18:06.560 +you know the over representation we have + +18:06.560 --> 18:08.680 +in the jails and just everything. + +18:08.680 --> 18:11.220 +anything. And she ties into that because + +18:11.220 --> 18:14.660 +Cecilia has always worked for those + +18:14.660 --> 18:20.460 +issues. She was working on the Boycott + +18:20.460 --> 18:23.620 +Grapes campaign. And when she gets here, + +18:23.740 --> 18:30.080 +you get here, she's like a role model. + +18:39.300 --> 18:44.460 +Oh, man, I'm getting tired. Oh, no, you're + +18:44.460 --> 18:46.460 +good. Yeah, what we're talking about, + +18:46.520 --> 18:50.500 +she's a role model and a role mother. + +18:51.660 --> 18:55.560 +Mother figure. Mother figure. That's it. + +18:55.740 --> 18:58.900 +No, I guess basically because she helps in + +18:58.900 --> 19:02.420 +just keeping us here because it's hard to + +19:02.420 --> 19:04.800 +survive in a campus like this when you + +19:04.800 --> 19:06.880 +have people like Sunday nights at Flick + +19:06.880 --> 19:09.600 +saying, beaners go home or, you know, + +19:09.620 --> 19:11.880 +saying stuff like that here at Stanford. I + +19:11.880 --> 19:13.960 +mean, how are we supposed to survive in a + +19:13.960 --> 19:16.300 +climate that doesn't even accept us, that + +19:16.300 --> 19:18.260 +you have to justify your existence? And + +19:18.260 --> 19:20.840 +you need people like Cecilia Bustiaga and + +19:20.840 --> 19:24.720 +like Francis that just help you out just + +19:24.720 --> 19:27.000 +to make, like, especially the transition + +19:27.000 --> 19:29.200 +from, like, your first year. I mean, + +19:29.260 --> 19:31.220 +that's what helped me so much living in + +19:31.220 --> 19:33.400 +Zapata my very first year is, Because I + +19:33.400 --> 19:36.000 +survived the whole year because I was + +19:36.000 --> 19:39.580 +living there, I think. She helped out a + +19:39.580 --> 19:43.140 +lot with my parents and just everything. + +19:45.280 --> 19:47.140 +They're always caring for you. She's an + +19:47.140 --> 19:51.100 +important contact for us. There's so few + +19:51.100 --> 19:54.260 +of us here. And then there's so few of our + +19:54.260 --> 19:58.600 +Chicano and Chicana role models here that + +19:58.600 --> 20:01.600 +we can talk to and say, hey, this happened + +20:01.600 --> 20:04.920 +to me today. Or, you know, I really, it's + +20:04.920 --> 20:07.540 +really strange for me to be here and not + +20:07.540 --> 20:09.560 +be back home where I see a lot of people + +20:09.560 --> 20:11.980 +who look like myself, you know. And these + +20:11.980 --> 20:13.940 +are people that you can talk to. Like + +20:13.940 --> 20:16.780 +Cecilia, you know, she's, she's, I mean, I + +20:16.780 --> 20:19.640 +find it incredible she always has time to + +20:19.640 --> 20:24.440 +hear us out. Always. Yeah, when, when I + +20:24.440 --> 20:26.820 +was a freshman, like I have a really nice + +20:26.820 --> 20:31.340 +story about her that, when when I, well I + +20:31.340 --> 20:34.420 +didn't, for some dumb chance, I didn't get + +20:34.420 --> 20:36.740 +to live in Zapata my freshman year. And + +20:36.740 --> 20:39.780 +so, so like I had a lot of problems like + +20:39.780 --> 20:42.380 +just trying to adapt and trying to, trying + +20:42.380 --> 20:44.080 +to decide like what I was going to do with + +20:44.080 --> 20:46.020 +my life. And I had this whole big problem + +20:46.020 --> 20:48.100 +about deciding whether to be a doctor and + +20:48.100 --> 20:51.400 +secure a good financial future for myself + +20:51.400 --> 20:53.220 +and for my family or do what I really + +20:53.220 --> 20:54.980 +wanted to do, which was to be a teacher. + +20:55.400 --> 20:59.860 +And my, my freshman advisor recommended + +20:59.860 --> 21:02.100 +that I go to her because he had heard so + +21:02.100 --> 21:04.180 +many nice things about her that he thought + +21:04.180 --> 21:06.140 +she could help me. And I remember going + +21:06.140 --> 21:09.080 +into her office and just like crying my + +21:09.080 --> 21:11.040 +guts out because I didn't know what, I + +21:11.040 --> 21:12.480 +didn't know where I fit into this + +21:12.480 --> 21:15.840 +university. And she talked, she had time, + +21:15.900 --> 21:19.180 +like she sat with me in her office and + +21:19.180 --> 21:22.420 +talked to me and encouraged me to do what + +21:22.420 --> 21:25.900 +I felt was right, you know, to let my + +21:25.900 --> 21:30.140 +heart decide And, I mean, for the + +21:30.140 --> 21:32.860 +university not to recognize that she is + +21:32.860 --> 21:35.740 +capable of keeping me here because I was + +21:35.740 --> 21:39.880 +ready to leave. And she literally helped + +21:39.880 --> 21:43.580 +me to stay. And if it wasn't for her, I + +21:43.580 --> 21:47.700 +mean, I wouldn't be here. All of you are + +21:47.700 --> 21:49.740 +members of METCHA, Movimiento Estudante de + +21:49.740 --> 21:53.540 +Chicano. That's long history. What is the + +21:53.540 --> 21:57.040 +significance of this new phase? And I'm + +21:57.040 --> 22:00.020 +referring specifically to the various + +22:00.020 --> 22:04.140 +events that started at UCLA, UC Santa + +22:04.140 --> 22:06.540 +Barbara, Colorado, University of Colorado, + +22:06.800 --> 22:08.860 +and Michigan State. Virginia, too. + +22:09.080 --> 22:11.760 +Virginia, too. Can you talk about this in + +22:11.760 --> 22:14.880 +the context of the overall resurgence of + +22:14.880 --> 22:19.100 +MECHA and Chicano student activism? I + +22:19.100 --> 22:22.320 +think as Mecha is the Chicano student + +22:22.320 --> 22:24.880 +movement and there's a long history of + +22:24.880 --> 22:27.060 +activism there, leading back to the + +22:27.060 --> 22:29.540 +original plan of Plan de Santa Aurora. And + +22:29.540 --> 22:33.000 +I think that each of us has maintained + +22:33.000 --> 22:38.360 +that goal of the betterment of la raza. + +22:39.460 --> 22:44.480 +Our Mecha is very strong and we support + +22:44.480 --> 22:49.540 +with those founding Mechistas, came up + +22:49.540 --> 22:51.220 +with in terms of the plan of Santa + +22:51.220 --> 22:56.260 +Barbara. It's gaining, it's in UCLA and UC + +22:56.260 --> 22:58.280 +Santa Barbara and other universities, + +22:58.540 --> 23:02.660 +Mecha members and and other organizations + +23:02.660 --> 23:06.480 +are taking the leadership and moving the + +23:06.480 --> 23:10.400 +universities to meet the demands. The + +23:10.400 --> 23:11.560 +thing is playing instruments to roll. + +23:16.140 --> 23:19.380 +They got misquoted? Are they in support? + +23:19.800 --> 23:25.460 +Yeah. So what happened? That sucks man. I + +23:25.460 --> 23:28.480 +feel bad for lying about it. Oh yeah, + +23:28.620 --> 23:32.140 +sorry. Sorry. I was going to ask you, I + +23:32.140 --> 23:37.080 +know earlier I talked to your dad, and I + +23:37.080 --> 23:40.000 +talked to your mom, and I know from them + +23:40.000 --> 23:42.640 +that it's been really hard for them. I + +23:42.640 --> 23:44.380 +mean, they haven't been eating as well. + +23:44.920 --> 23:48.140 +They're also, in a way, also in the hunger + +23:48.140 --> 23:51.480 +strike. How do you feel about your + +23:51.480 --> 23:55.660 +parents' role in this? How are you going + +23:55.660 --> 23:57.160 +to explain it to your parents once it's + +23:57.160 --> 23:58.800 +over and you haven't really explained it + +23:58.800 --> 23:59.020 +yet? + +24:03.480 --> 24:07.860 +Well, I told my biggest worry in terms of + +24:07.860 --> 24:10.660 +deciding to take part in the fast was how + +24:10.660 --> 24:13.040 +my mom was going to take it. Because I + +24:13.040 --> 24:14.700 +thought she was going to, you know, she's + +24:14.700 --> 24:15.840 +an asthmatic and I thought she was going + +24:15.840 --> 24:17.340 +to get sick because any time she stresses + +24:17.340 --> 24:19.340 +out she has really bad attacks and stuff. + +24:19.480 --> 24:22.280 +I just knew I was going to worry her and I + +24:22.280 --> 24:23.280 +was going to hurt her and that was the + +24:23.280 --> 24:25.260 +thing that scared me the most. But I + +24:25.260 --> 24:27.780 +talked to her about it and I kind of eased + +24:27.780 --> 24:28.760 +her into it. But I started telling her + +24:28.760 --> 24:30.840 +first about the plan to stay out of the + +24:30.840 --> 24:31.880 +quarter and stuff like that. And she was + +24:31.880 --> 24:34.760 +like, well, she told me before I even + +24:34.760 --> 24:35.980 +mentioned to her that I was going to fast. + +24:36.040 --> 24:37.600 +She said, well, Mija, when you are + +24:37.600 --> 24:39.440 +leading, when you are a leader and you + +24:39.440 --> 24:41.420 +want to take part in changing things when + +24:41.420 --> 24:42.760 +they're bad, sometimes you have to make + +24:42.760 --> 24:45.060 +sacrifices. She said, and you know, + +24:45.080 --> 24:47.260 +whatever happens, you guys, you know, you + +24:47.260 --> 24:48.540 +have my prayers and you have my support. + +24:48.720 --> 24:50.180 +And so then when I told her, she was like, + +24:50.240 --> 24:52.460 +oh, and I guess she maybe understood or + +24:52.460 --> 24:53.840 +was getting, you know, thought that I was + +24:53.840 --> 24:55.560 +going to get to that because I told her + +24:55.560 --> 24:56.800 +and she She was like, well, she said, I'm + +24:56.800 --> 24:58.060 +not going to tell you to do it, and I'm + +24:58.060 --> 24:59.020 +not going to tell you not to do it, + +24:59.040 --> 25:01.500 +because I don't want to feel responsible + +25:01.500 --> 25:02.740 +for you doing it, and I don't want to feel + +25:02.740 --> 25:05.100 +responsible for you feeling bad because + +25:05.100 --> 25:07.480 +maybe it didn't succeed or because you + +25:07.480 --> 25:09.540 +really didn't want to do what you wanted + +25:09.540 --> 25:11.300 +to. She said, but I'm really scared. But + +25:11.300 --> 25:15.280 +she said that she had faith in God, and as + +25:15.280 --> 25:16.460 +long as I had faith in God, that + +25:16.460 --> 25:18.280 +everything was going to be okay. And so + +25:18.280 --> 25:19.840 +for me, it was very empowering, because + +25:19.840 --> 25:21.680 +the minute I got off the phone, I decided, + +25:21.680 --> 25:24.160 +I decided, I really felt strongly about it + +25:24.160 --> 25:25.940 +already and I decided that this was + +25:25.940 --> 25:27.080 +something I was going to do. And even + +25:27.080 --> 25:28.320 +though I was going to cause her a lot of + +25:28.320 --> 25:31.020 +pain, that I was going to get through it + +25:31.020 --> 25:32.020 +and she was going to get through it. And + +25:32.020 --> 25:34.380 +I'm pretty sure that she hasn't been + +25:34.380 --> 25:36.220 +eating either. And I haven't been able to + +25:36.220 --> 25:38.220 +speak with her since that last time I + +25:38.220 --> 25:42.340 +talked to her. But like she told me, she + +25:42.340 --> 25:45.320 +said, you know, she said for herself that + +25:45.320 --> 25:47.360 +she's already past her youth and she + +25:47.360 --> 25:48.740 +doesn't know that she can do that much + +25:48.740 --> 25:50.760 +anymore. And she said, it's our turn. And + +25:50.760 --> 25:53.280 +so here we are, we're trying to make + +25:53.280 --> 25:55.280 +changes because I don't want to, I really + +25:55.280 --> 25:56.760 +don't want my little brother to have to do + +25:56.760 --> 25:59.240 +something like this. And I have a younger + +25:59.240 --> 26:00.900 +sister who's here also and I don't want + +26:00.900 --> 26:03.000 +her to have to, you know, continue this. I + +26:03.000 --> 26:04.320 +mean, she probably won't have to just + +26:04.320 --> 26:06.100 +because that's the way things are around + +26:06.100 --> 26:09.360 +here. But, you know, if I can help out in + +26:09.360 --> 26:11.480 +some way so that, you know, the kids that + +26:11.480 --> 26:12.980 +come here later don't have to be going + +26:12.980 --> 26:14.600 +through this, then that would be awesome. + +26:14.720 --> 26:15.300 +So, yeah. + +26:23.260 --> 26:27.160 +I guess that was the hardest thing for me + +26:27.160 --> 26:31.440 +as well. I knew when we thought of the + +26:31.440 --> 26:34.540 +idea, I knew that I wanted to do it. I + +26:34.540 --> 26:37.140 +wanted to be part of the hunger strike. I + +26:37.140 --> 26:40.200 +just knew that I could do it and I was + +26:40.200 --> 26:43.120 +going to have the willpower to go through + +26:43.120 --> 26:45.120 +with it. it, but the only thing was my + +26:45.120 --> 26:47.040 +mom. I didn't know how to tell her. I + +26:47.040 --> 26:49.240 +didn't know what to tell her. I was scared + +26:49.240 --> 26:51.000 +because I know that the way my mom is, she + +26:51.000 --> 26:54.420 +worries and she doesn't sleep at night and + +26:54.420 --> 26:59.360 +she can't eat. It's just bad. I hate it. I + +26:59.360 --> 27:02.320 +don't like doing that to her because she + +27:02.320 --> 27:05.020 +still works and she's getting older and + +27:05.020 --> 27:08.100 +everything. I don't know. It's just + +27:08.100 --> 27:10.180 +something I felt so deep from my heart. I + +27:10.180 --> 27:11.820 +just thought, you know, so many people are + +27:11.820 --> 27:13.700 +are going to gain a lot from this. So many + +27:13.700 --> 27:17.260 +people are going to have a lot of things + +27:17.260 --> 27:19.280 +come out of this, especially with the Ispa + +27:19.280 --> 27:21.900 +Lo Alto Community Center and with the + +27:21.900 --> 27:25.360 +boycott on the graves. It's just immediate + +27:25.360 --> 27:30.220 +help for people that are dying and being + +27:30.220 --> 27:34.360 +born with birth defects. So when I told + +27:34.360 --> 27:38.680 +her, she was telling me she didn't want me + +27:38.680 --> 27:40.560 +to do it. She was telling me I'm anemic, + +27:40.760 --> 27:42.900 +that I was anemic. Then my dad told me I + +27:42.900 --> 27:45.320 +had a low red blood cell count. They were + +27:45.320 --> 27:46.920 +just coming up with all these things that + +27:46.920 --> 27:49.000 +I had that I shouldn't be doing it because + +27:49.000 --> 27:50.860 +I was so skinny and I was going to + +27:50.860 --> 27:54.660 +disappear and this and that. So then, oh, + +27:54.660 --> 27:59.020 +sorry. So then after, + +28:01.240 --> 28:02.960 +oh, when I told her, I mean, it was really + +28:02.960 --> 28:05.840 +hard. She was crying and everything. And + +28:05.840 --> 28:08.080 +then I called her after the first day of + +28:08.080 --> 28:11.020 +the hunger strike, like, and she couldn't + +28:11.020 --> 28:12.940 +talk to me because she didn't want to cry + +28:12.940 --> 28:15.980 +on the phone. So that just made me, I was + +28:15.980 --> 28:17.380 +just crying. I was talking to my sister + +28:17.380 --> 28:19.040 +and my sister was, you know, I was telling + +28:19.040 --> 28:20.960 +her, tell my mom that I'm not hungry. Tell + +28:20.960 --> 28:22.680 +her that I'm feeling good, the issues are + +28:22.680 --> 28:24.260 +keeping me alive and they're going to keep + +28:24.260 --> 28:27.320 +me alive and I'm going to be okay. So, but + +28:27.320 --> 28:28.900 +she's going to come today because she's + +28:28.900 --> 28:31.120 +worried and she wants to see me. + +28:35.500 --> 28:37.500 +Well, the hardest part of this whole thing + +28:37.500 --> 28:42.040 +was just to tell my mom and dad that I was + +28:42.040 --> 28:44.560 +going to do this because we've all said we + +28:44.560 --> 28:49.240 +don't want to make them suffer. But I told + +28:49.240 --> 28:51.700 +her and she said, okay, well if you guys + +28:51.700 --> 28:53.080 +are still out there after three days then + +28:53.080 --> 28:55.560 +I'm going to come out. out. And then right + +28:55.560 --> 28:58.500 +like a few minutes before I left I was + +28:58.500 --> 29:00.660 +talking to her, y me estaba dando la + +29:00.660 --> 29:02.700 +bendicion. Do I have to translate that? + +29:03.000 --> 29:08.540 +Oh, okay. And then, um, and then, um, so, + +29:08.680 --> 29:11.500 +you know, she was crying and I could tell + +29:11.500 --> 29:13.500 +and she was giving me the bendicion. And + +29:13.500 --> 29:15.040 +so she was like, you know what, I'm going + +29:15.040 --> 29:17.240 +to be out there tomorrow and stuff. And, + +29:17.320 --> 29:19.460 +you know, my mom and dad got some money + +29:19.460 --> 29:22.020 +together and then so my mom could fly out + +29:22.020 --> 29:25.760 +here and and stuff. And so she came out + +29:25.760 --> 29:28.480 +last night and I mean I think it was + +29:28.480 --> 29:30.640 +better for her to come because she was + +29:30.640 --> 29:32.220 +upset when she saw me and she was crying + +29:32.220 --> 29:34.520 +and stuff but she's been really good and + +29:34.520 --> 29:36.000 +everybody's been really supportive of her + +29:36.000 --> 29:38.000 +and she's been, I think it makes her feel + +29:38.000 --> 29:41.320 +good to feel useful to this thing. She + +29:41.320 --> 29:45.120 +feels a part of this strike and she feels + +29:45.120 --> 29:47.060 +a part of the movement and I think that + +29:47.060 --> 29:50.180 +she is because we're fighting for her and + +29:50.180 --> 29:53.280 +for for everybody. She slept out there + +29:53.280 --> 30:00.420 +with us last night. She's hardcore. For + +30:00.420 --> 30:02.960 +me, that was definitely the hardest part. + +30:03.660 --> 30:07.120 +After I did it, I wished that I didn't + +30:07.120 --> 30:12.160 +have to, but I know that if I hadn't, it + +30:12.160 --> 30:13.780 +would have been worse for her if she had + +30:13.780 --> 30:17.980 +found out some other way. I'm just really + +30:17.980 --> 30:19.420 +worried about her because she has heart + +30:19.420 --> 30:22.860 +problems. I was afraid that if she saw me + +30:22.860 --> 30:26.020 +on the news or something, you know, , you + +30:26.020 --> 30:29.260 +know, we'd end up everything with yours. + +30:29.440 --> 30:32.680 +But, you know, she's fine and she already + +30:32.680 --> 30:35.260 +told me that she supports me. And even + +30:35.260 --> 30:37.420 +though it's the hardest thing, you know, + +30:37.460 --> 30:40.540 +for her, like, she knows. So I told her + +30:40.540 --> 30:42.560 +that it was her who taught me how to fight + +30:42.560 --> 30:46.200 +and maybe that, hopefully that made her + +30:46.200 --> 30:48.300 +feel a little bit better but maybe, + +30:48.480 --> 30:50.860 +hopefully, I don't know. I don't know + +30:50.860 --> 30:53.620 +exactly how she is. Last time I talked to + +30:53.620 --> 30:57.520 +her she sounded very weak and my dad + +30:57.520 --> 30:59.360 +called me like the next morning, the + +30:59.360 --> 31:02.340 +morning after I told my mom and he tried + +31:02.340 --> 31:04.440 +his hardest to convince me not to do it. + +31:04.440 --> 31:06.980 +He told me all kinds of things. And he + +31:06.980 --> 31:09.040 +told me, why do you want to go through + +31:09.040 --> 31:11.460 +another hunger after you've suffered so + +31:11.460 --> 31:13.900 +many hungers in your life? And just + +31:13.900 --> 31:15.420 +reminding me of all the things that I've + +31:15.420 --> 31:17.060 +had to go through just to get where I am + +31:17.060 --> 31:20.300 +and trying to tell me, well, don't do it. + +31:20.440 --> 31:23.280 +But I still did it, and he's here right + +31:23.280 --> 31:26.200 +now, and he came and told me. He's still + +31:26.200 --> 31:27.960 +trying to convince me to stop because he + +31:27.960 --> 31:30.240 +goes, he says, you know, your mom's going + +31:30.240 --> 31:33.060 +to come up here tomorrow, and if you're + +31:33.060 --> 31:34.620 +still on the strike, she's going to strike + +31:34.620 --> 31:40.180 +with you. I think generally my parents + +31:40.180 --> 31:42.380 +have the same feelings as all the others + +31:42.380 --> 31:45.600 +do, but it's a little bit easier for them + +31:45.600 --> 31:46.940 +to handle because tonight's going to be my + +31:46.940 --> 31:50.180 +last day fasting. So that's basically it. + +31:51.580 --> 31:56.660 +Last word, Yvonne? Well, okay. You said + +31:56.660 --> 31:58.840 +it's for historical purposes, right? So + +31:58.840 --> 32:02.980 +when, you know, 20 years from now when + +32:02.980 --> 32:04.480 +other Chicanos look at this, you know, + +32:04.520 --> 32:07.880 +we... And Chicanas. And Chicanas. Sorry, + +32:08.140 --> 32:12.080 +I'm tired. You know, when other gente see + +32:12.080 --> 32:15.960 +this, just to remember that, you know, + +32:15.960 --> 32:18.120 +even when you're looking at this now, 20 + +32:18.120 --> 32:20.120 +years later, the movement is still alive + +32:20.120 --> 32:22.440 +in you. And we still have to keep + +32:22.440 --> 32:24.560 +struggling because, you know... Well, + +32:24.620 --> 32:26.560 +hopefully we can stop. Hopefully we can + +32:26.560 --> 32:28.120 +stop some of it, but I mean if it's still + +32:28.120 --> 32:33.340 +it's still bad, you know now You know we + +32:33.340 --> 32:35.600 +can do it. Yeah, and don't take advantage + +32:36.480 --> 32:39.380 +of what You know what you have I guess + +32:39.380 --> 32:41.860 +like like for us is very important to say + +32:41.860 --> 32:44.500 +Oh, we have we have a sento and there's a + +32:44.500 --> 32:46.100 +lot of people that work hard for it Settle + +32:46.100 --> 32:47.760 +for what you don't settle for you have and + +32:47.760 --> 32:49.760 +don't forget us pretty much Don't forget + +32:49.760 --> 32:51.980 +the people who fought before you all the + +32:51.980 --> 32:53.600 +things like the people that fought before + +32:53.600 --> 32:58.660 +us and before us and before them and just + +32:58.660 --> 33:02.020 +remember we're doing this for you for the + +33:02.020 --> 33:04.660 +future. For the youth! + +33:08.180 --> 33:13.760 +My name is Sh... Oh, okay. The new message + +33:13.760 --> 33:13.920 +is this... + +33:40.680 --> 33:43.900 +It is currently about 7.30 on the 6th of + +33:43.900 --> 33:49.700 +May, Friday, 1994. We have just collected, + +33:50.000 --> 33:55.280 +witnessed the five testimonials from five + +33:55.280 --> 33:57.280 +of the hunger strikers, which have + +33:57.280 --> 34:02.680 +included at one point over 100 solidarity + +34:02.680 --> 34:07.080 +strikers. At this time, we've received the + +34:07.080 --> 34:08.460 +latest response from the Administration, + +34:08.860 --> 34:10.780 +which has been recalcitrant up to this + +34:10.780 --> 34:13.800 +point. and I understand that there's still + +34:13.800 --> 34:16.160 +many points that need to be go need to be + +34:16.160 --> 34:18.960 +reviewed and some more dialogue that needs + +34:18.960 --> 34:20.780 +to be that needs to take place but at the + +34:20.780 --> 34:23.800 +moment it looks as though statement that + +34:23.800 --> 34:26.720 +that we have made as a community the + +34:26.720 --> 34:28.720 +Chicano community and the statement that + +34:28.720 --> 34:31.660 +comes from various communities throughout + +34:31.660 --> 34:34.080 +the Bay Area and the nation and solidarity + +34:34.080 --> 34:39.440 +with us has has begun to open the + +34:39.440 --> 34:41.340 +administration's eyes to the justness of + +34:41.340 --> 34:45.480 +our cause and our demands. However, as I + +34:45.480 --> 34:48.380 +said, there still is some work to be done. + +34:48.520 --> 34:52.740 +For the moment, it seems as though our + +34:52.740 --> 34:56.260 +first demand, that is the offering of a + +34:56.260 --> 34:58.320 +high-level position to Associate Dean + +34:58.320 --> 35:00.860 +Cecilia Bursiaga, is still not being met. + +35:02.480 --> 35:04.540 +And as I said, this is our first demand + +35:04.540 --> 35:08.280 +and it's very important to us. So more + +35:08.280 --> 35:11.260 +negotiation has to go on with regards to + +35:11.260 --> 35:14.220 +that. The second demand involves the + +35:14.220 --> 35:15.800 +establishment of a community center in + +35:15.800 --> 35:18.880 +East Palo Alto to serve the community that + +35:18.880 --> 35:21.880 +literally works to preserve the + +35:21.880 --> 35:28.000 +functioning of this university. And as far + +35:28.000 --> 35:34.180 +as the administration is concerned, they + +35:34.180 --> 35:37.260 +are receptive to the initiative that the + +35:37.260 --> 35:38.700 +Chicano students, the Chicano and Chicana + +35:38.700 --> 35:41.040 +students have presented in terms of + +35:41.040 --> 35:43.700 +bridging the gap between the community and + +35:43.700 --> 35:47.220 +the academy. This has been a very + +35:47.220 --> 35:50.160 +important component to the struggle here. + +35:50.520 --> 35:52.620 +As a matter of fact, this is a component + +35:52.620 --> 35:54.600 +that isn't new. It goes all the way back + +35:54.600 --> 35:56.560 +to the Plan de Santa Barbara, which + +35:56.560 --> 36:03.120 +inaugurated Mecha. So we are very hopeful + +36:03.120 --> 36:05.140 +that some breakthrough will come through + +36:05.140 --> 36:06.740 +here. As regards to the Chicano and + +36:06.740 --> 36:10.740 +Chicana studies, again, this is the + +36:10.740 --> 36:13.540 +justness and the feasibility of this + +36:13.540 --> 36:16.540 +demand has led the administration to also + +36:16.540 --> 36:21.020 +give overtures that are encouraging. + +36:21.020 --> 36:26.080 +Finally, the issue of grapes on campus + +36:26.080 --> 36:29.240 +has, and specifically the negative + +36:29.240 --> 36:31.960 +reactions, the racist reactions to our + +36:31.960 --> 36:33.820 +efforts to educate the community at + +36:33.820 --> 36:38.220 +Stanford has, and our protest, our protest + +36:38.220 --> 36:41.660 +against those negative reactions has led + +36:41.660 --> 36:43.680 +the university to embark upon an + +36:43.680 --> 36:47.060 +initiative to educate all the dorms + +36:47.060 --> 36:48.560 +through the showing of the no grapes video + +36:48.560 --> 36:55.420 +and also through establishing a dialogue + +36:55.420 --> 36:57.040 +with our community, the Chicano community, + +36:57.740 --> 37:00.500 +in an effort to bridge the gaps that have + +37:00.500 --> 37:03.780 +been caused, + +37:04.020 --> 37:06.840 +bridge the divisions that have been caused + +37:06.840 --> 37:11.180 +by the racism that's very often a result + +37:11.180 --> 37:15.920 +of an academy which is very hierarchical + +37:15.920 --> 37:19.160 +and one which is institutionally and + +37:19.160 --> 37:21.500 +structurally hostile to the presence of + +37:21.500 --> 37:24.240 +minorities and other marginalized people. + +37:24.680 --> 37:27.320 +With this, I would just like to say, Que + +37:27.320 --> 37:30.500 +viva la raza y adelante. We're going to + +37:30.500 --> 37:30.980 +win this one. + +38:11.960 --> 38:14.900 +Thank you. Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/qf378nj5000_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/baseline/qf378nj5000_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e6d08d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/qf378nj5000_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,2300 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:02.320 --> 00:03.000 +. + +00:23.680 --> 00:26.740 +My name is Elvira Prieto. I'm a sophomore + +00:26.740 --> 00:30.240 +in human biology here. I'm from Reedley, + +00:30.360 --> 00:32.060 +California, which is a small agricultural + +00:32.060 --> 00:34.280 +town in the San Joaquin Valley. My parents + +00:34.280 --> 00:36.260 +are migrant workers, and I've worked in + +00:36.260 --> 00:38.180 +the fields with them all my life, up until + +00:38.180 --> 00:43.320 +I started coming to school. My name is Eva + +00:43.320 --> 00:46.240 +Silva. I'm a senior majoring in human + +00:46.240 --> 00:49.320 +biology with an emphasis on education in + +00:49.320 --> 00:51.980 +the diverse classroom. And I'm from + +00:51.980 --> 00:54.840 +Salinas, California, and I'm going to be a + +00:54.840 --> 00:59.040 +math teacher. My name is Tamara Alvarado + +00:59.040 --> 01:01.420 +and I'm majoring in Spanish Chicano + +01:01.420 --> 01:05.400 +Studies. I'm from a town in San Diego + +01:05.400 --> 01:12.040 +called Escondido and what else? That's it + +01:12.040 --> 01:17.200 +for now. My name is Julia Gonzalez Luna. I + +01:17.200 --> 01:19.900 +am a senior majoring in public policy with + +01:19.900 --> 01:24.100 +a focus on on education. And I'm from + +01:24.100 --> 01:28.120 +Burbank, California, and I'm going to be a + +01:28.120 --> 01:31.180 +social studies high school teacher. + +01:35.720 --> 01:38.580 +Do you want to ask some questions here as + +01:38.580 --> 01:42.340 +to how this started? In your own words, + +01:42.460 --> 01:44.860 +how did it start? How did this hunter + +01:44.860 --> 01:45.980 +strike start and why? Why? + +01:50.840 --> 01:53.040 +How did it start? Speak to us as if we + +01:53.040 --> 01:56.260 +don't know. Okay. Speak to me like you do. + +01:56.740 --> 01:59.240 +Well, I guess it was a buildup of a lot of + +01:59.240 --> 02:01.280 +different things that have been happening, + +02:01.360 --> 02:03.920 +not only on this campus, but overall in + +02:03.920 --> 02:07.460 +this nation with the status of Chicanos + +02:07.460 --> 02:10.580 +and Chicanas in the United States, in the + +02:10.580 --> 02:14.380 +universities and everywhere else. So, you + +02:14.380 --> 02:18.760 +know, I guess I can run down, like, since + +02:18.760 --> 02:20.120 +my freshman year, so many things have + +02:20.120 --> 02:22.080 +happened, the closing down of the Office + +02:22.080 --> 02:26.320 +of Chicano Affairs, and then with all the + +02:26.320 --> 02:28.140 +threats, with the budget cuts to the + +02:28.140 --> 02:31.020 +ethnic centers, and just these attacks on + +02:31.020 --> 02:33.840 +the theme houses, on the ethnic centers, + +02:33.900 --> 02:37.060 +and everything else, and then the laying + +02:37.060 --> 02:41.240 +off of Cecilia Burciaga. I mean everything + +02:41.240 --> 02:43.760 +just like piled down piled down and so + +02:43.760 --> 02:46.200 +many things are happening that we say wait + +02:46.200 --> 02:48.060 +we need to do something about it and we + +02:48.060 --> 02:49.960 +need to change what's going on because + +02:49.960 --> 02:54.740 +nothing's happening that we want to happen + +02:55.480 --> 02:58.340 +I'm tired, I'm sorry. No, you sound good. + +02:58.520 --> 03:00.540 +Some people wonder why you would need to + +03:00.540 --> 03:02.980 +take a drastic measure like this. I think + +03:02.980 --> 03:05.620 +you'll say why didn't you? Because the + +03:05.620 --> 03:07.560 +administration has been very, whenever + +03:07.560 --> 03:10.600 +we've had like meetings and townhouse + +03:10.600 --> 03:11.920 +meetings or whatever, get togethers with + +03:11.920 --> 03:15.060 +any of the administrators, we don't get + +03:15.060 --> 03:17.680 +any results that we're happy with. And so + +03:17.680 --> 03:19.080 +it seemed to me like for them to really + +03:19.080 --> 03:21.240 +understand how extreme the situation is on + +03:21.240 --> 03:23.700 +this campus and how extreme things are + +03:23.700 --> 03:25.800 +outside in terms of immigrant bashing and + +03:25.800 --> 03:29.480 +just the way that people in Ispa Lo Alto + +03:29.480 --> 03:31.960 +are, that it was maybe the only way that + +03:31.960 --> 03:33.700 +they would, I don't know if it would touch + +03:33.700 --> 03:35.200 +their heart or if they would just stop to + +03:35.200 --> 03:37.380 +think about it or if we could get enough + +03:37.380 --> 03:39.520 +bad press for this university so that they + +03:39.520 --> 03:41.140 +could finally just really think about it. + +03:41.320 --> 03:42.960 +Because otherwise they weren't paying + +03:42.960 --> 03:44.780 +attention. It was just like everything had + +03:44.780 --> 03:46.860 +to go business as usual and there seemed + +03:46.860 --> 03:49.260 +to be this idea about hierarchy here that + +03:49.260 --> 03:51.300 +it was from top down it was what they said + +03:51.300 --> 03:53.480 +first and then if we could deal with that + +03:53.480 --> 03:56.280 +if we as students could deal with what the + +03:56.280 --> 03:57.880 +university wanted well then that was fine + +03:57.880 --> 03:59.840 +and if we couldn't that's too bad because + +03:59.840 --> 04:01.800 +they're at their position because you know + +04:01.800 --> 04:05.540 +they earned it or whatever yeah because + +04:05.540 --> 04:09.300 +meeting after meeting like you didn't get + +04:09.300 --> 04:12.240 +anything concrete from meeting with them + +04:12.240 --> 04:14.380 +every single time it was just okay I'll + +04:14.380 --> 04:15.580 +give I'll give you a meeting from 6 to 7, + +04:15.600 --> 04:17.820 +I'll give you a meeting from 5.30 to 6 or + +04:17.820 --> 04:22.000 +whatever. We've tried their methods. We've + +04:22.000 --> 04:25.380 +tried their methods of working things out. + +04:25.480 --> 04:27.940 +And their methods are to draw things out + +04:27.940 --> 04:31.420 +for as long as possible in order to not + +04:31.420 --> 04:33.200 +give us things. At least, you know, they + +04:33.200 --> 04:35.240 +may say differently, but that's what it + +04:35.240 --> 04:38.540 +feels like. And it's ridiculous to have to + +04:38.540 --> 04:42.160 +spend... I'm sorry I'm slow, but I'm a + +04:42.160 --> 04:44.840 +little bit tired. It's ridiculous to spend + +04:44.840 --> 04:46.480 +so much time just talking and talking + +04:46.480 --> 04:49.320 +about things. And they're trying to tire + +04:49.320 --> 04:53.500 +us out with just talking. So that's what + +04:53.500 --> 04:55.720 +it had to come to. And when people are not + +04:55.720 --> 04:58.560 +heard, and this happens in society at + +04:58.560 --> 05:01.700 +large, when people are not heard, yeah, I + +05:01.700 --> 05:04.480 +don't know if I want to say abnormal + +05:04.480 --> 05:07.000 +behaviors, but behaviors that are not + +05:07.000 --> 05:12.460 +normal are what happen. And yeah, this is + +05:12.460 --> 05:15.000 +not normal. This is not normal behavior + +05:15.000 --> 05:20.840 +for us to be not eating. But you know... I + +05:20.840 --> 05:22.840 +really like to eat. Yeah, we like to eat. + +05:23.980 --> 05:27.520 +And I emphasize, you know, why are + +05:27.520 --> 05:29.360 +Chicanos in prison? Why are Chicanos in + +05:29.360 --> 05:32.160 +poverty? That's not normal. That's not + +05:32.160 --> 05:34.980 +normal for people. But because of society, + +05:35.200 --> 05:38.080 +that's how we are. We've waited long + +05:38.080 --> 05:40.740 +enough for this. I mean, I know the + +05:40.740 --> 05:42.240 +administration is probably thinking, well, + +05:42.260 --> 05:43.900 +you know, be patient and these changes + +05:43.900 --> 05:46.240 +will happen. But we've been patient long + +05:46.240 --> 05:49.660 +enough. And, you know, the Chicano Studies + +05:49.660 --> 05:53.280 +major has been, was envisioned back in the + +05:53.280 --> 05:58.360 +70s, even the 60s. And we've been waiting + +05:58.360 --> 06:00.640 +since then. And it's about time that we + +06:00.640 --> 06:04.300 +get recognized. You know, Chicanos are the + +06:04.300 --> 06:08.200 +biggest, are coming to be a majority in + +06:08.200 --> 06:11.280 +California. you know, maybe even in the + +06:11.280 --> 06:14.100 +whole country after a while, but I mean + +06:14.100 --> 06:15.680 +it's about time that our issues get + +06:15.680 --> 06:18.380 +recognized and that other people just + +06:18.380 --> 06:22.080 +realize that we're not going to go away. + +06:22.360 --> 06:24.400 +And if they don't educate themselves about + +06:24.400 --> 06:27.940 +us, then it's just going to be worse for + +06:27.940 --> 06:31.340 +them. Julia, you co-authored a really + +06:31.340 --> 06:33.320 +beautiful poem entitled Somos Mujeres. + +06:33.740 --> 06:35.040 +What for you What do you think is the + +06:35.040 --> 06:37.820 +significance of having four Chicanas + +06:37.820 --> 06:41.540 +taking the Vanguard role in this movement, + +06:41.760 --> 06:43.200 +which is really bigger than this campus? + +06:44.940 --> 06:48.860 +For me, I mean... I don't know. We didn't + +06:48.860 --> 06:50.740 +really realize it was four women until + +06:50.740 --> 06:53.880 +somebody pointed it out to us. I mean, we + +06:53.880 --> 06:56.280 +knew it was girls, but we didn't see it + +06:56.280 --> 06:59.200 +like, you know, oh, there's no guys here, + +06:59.360 --> 07:06.080 +and what's up with the guys? but I don't + +07:06.080 --> 07:07.460 +know I mean we have a lot of supporters + +07:07.460 --> 07:09.400 +that are male and maybe they didn't say + +07:09.400 --> 07:10.800 +they're gonna go for the long run but + +07:10.800 --> 07:13.400 +they've been you know there the whole time + +07:13.400 --> 07:16.340 +everybody like has had has their roles and + +07:16.340 --> 07:19.700 +it's like there's some people that are the + +07:19.700 --> 07:21.360 +negotiators there's people that are + +07:21.360 --> 07:23.300 +security over here there's like everybody + +07:23.300 --> 07:27.180 +has a roles and you know we're not the the + +07:27.180 --> 07:29.160 +most important because if it wasn't for + +07:29.160 --> 07:31.180 +them then you know nobody would be + +07:31.180 --> 07:33.080 +listening to us or whatever and there's + +07:33.080 --> 07:34.860 +other people that have been fasting also + +07:34.860 --> 07:38.220 +like Felipe sitting over there again he's + +07:38.220 --> 07:40.320 +been fasting these three days with us as + +07:40.320 --> 07:41.400 +well and like there's people that + +07:41.400 --> 07:43.540 +committed to three days and others that do + +07:43.540 --> 07:46.280 +one one day cycles to show their support + +07:46.280 --> 07:50.140 +and solidarity it's true there are a lot + +07:50.140 --> 07:53.360 +of males that are doing really important + +07:53.360 --> 07:54.840 +stuff in terms of really trying you know + +07:54.840 --> 07:56.580 +like with the rest of the women also + +07:56.580 --> 07:58.480 +trying to take care of us and and trying + +07:58.480 --> 08:00.000 +to watch out for this, and they're just + +08:00.000 --> 08:02.600 +constantly looking out to see what we need + +08:02.600 --> 08:05.000 +or what needs to be done for the whole + +08:05.000 --> 08:06.780 +group. And so it's, I don't know, I don't + +08:06.780 --> 08:08.900 +know that it's specifically a female thing + +08:08.900 --> 08:11.260 +to be fasting or anything like that. Yeah, + +08:11.280 --> 08:12.600 +because I think... Because everybody + +08:12.600 --> 08:14.540 +really does have their own role, and + +08:14.540 --> 08:16.500 +everybody's been really supportive, and + +08:16.500 --> 08:19.480 +we're working together. It just so + +08:19.480 --> 08:22.600 +happened that we're the ones that... It + +08:22.600 --> 08:28.700 +was quite... that we're the ones that were + +08:28.700 --> 08:33.800 +ready mentally at this time to fast. And + +08:33.800 --> 08:36.440 +it just so happens that we're all women. + +08:37.560 --> 08:40.300 +People are calling us guerrillas and + +08:40.300 --> 08:42.160 +revolucionarias. + +08:44.840 --> 08:49.180 +That's fine. That's nice. That's really + +08:49.180 --> 08:52.360 +nice. But everybody's been revolutionary. + +08:52.360 --> 08:55.240 +And you know, it comes down to like... The + +08:55.240 --> 08:56.740 +focus should be on everybody. Yeah, it + +08:56.740 --> 08:59.000 +comes down to like what your, you know, I + +08:59.000 --> 09:00.660 +don't want to say your talents, because I + +09:00.660 --> 09:02.360 +don't think our talent is to be hungry, + +09:02.500 --> 09:05.960 +but... But pretty much like everybody is + +09:05.960 --> 09:08.200 +taking on the role that is best suited for + +09:08.200 --> 09:08.600 +themselves. + +09:14.240 --> 09:18.640 +There's Felipe! There's Felipe! You have + +09:18.640 --> 09:20.240 +all the things that you could have done, + +09:20.280 --> 09:22.800 +all the actions you could have taken. Why + +09:22.800 --> 09:26.280 +fasting? Why did you choose to fast? + +09:29.340 --> 09:32.720 +Well, it's obviously a really strong + +09:32.720 --> 09:36.420 +statement. It's something that is + +09:36.420 --> 09:40.300 +uncompromising and it's something that + +09:40.300 --> 09:42.740 +shows just how serious we are about these + +09:42.740 --> 09:45.760 +issues. They are issues that our fathers, + +09:45.880 --> 09:47.720 +grandfathers, and people way before us + +09:47.720 --> 09:50.340 +have fought for. We have a responsibility + +09:50.340 --> 09:53.860 +to those ancestors of ours to make sure + +09:53.860 --> 09:55.400 +that those dreams that they had, that + +09:55.400 --> 09:58.780 +vision they had, is fulfilled. We can't + +09:58.780 --> 10:01.340 +just, you know, it may be 20 years, 20, + +10:01.460 --> 10:04.980 +30, 20 years later from the Chicano + +10:04.980 --> 10:06.780 +movement that people think is dead, but + +10:06.780 --> 10:08.340 +it's not dead. We're here and we're living + +10:08.340 --> 10:09.440 +and we're the Chicano movement. + +10:17.540 --> 10:19.860 +Felipe, you just joined us, but actually + +10:19.860 --> 10:21.240 +you've been with us throughout this whole + +10:21.240 --> 10:23.500 +struggle from the beginning as was pointed + +10:23.500 --> 10:25.420 +out. Can you tell us a little bit about + +10:25.420 --> 10:27.600 +yourself, where you're from, and your + +10:27.600 --> 10:30.980 +reflection on this struggle? Sure. My name + +10:30.980 --> 10:33.060 +is Felipe Barragan. I'm a freshman, + +10:33.300 --> 10:36.960 +originally from Los Angeles, California. + +10:39.160 --> 10:41.740 +This struggle, I think for me, it's + +10:41.740 --> 10:44.660 +something that's very important because I + +10:44.660 --> 10:47.720 +went to high school in Watts and a lot of + +10:47.720 --> 10:50.080 +people know what Watts is like, 1965, + +10:50.680 --> 10:53.500 +Watts Rebellion, the Ninety-Two Riots. + +10:54.120 --> 10:57.880 +There I saw issues that the educational + +10:57.880 --> 11:00.280 +system for high school students and + +11:00.280 --> 11:02.240 +Chicanos, Latinos there wasn't addressing + +11:02.240 --> 11:05.420 +the real issues. Once I came here, I got a + +11:05.420 --> 11:08.320 +taste of it, I got a taste of Chicano + +11:08.320 --> 11:10.820 +studies and I found out how crucial that + +11:10.820 --> 11:15.560 +was. And I think that getting involved + +11:15.560 --> 11:17.920 +with the struggle is important for me to + +11:17.920 --> 11:22.400 +build the processes with which we learn to + +11:22.400 --> 11:24.600 +deal with inner city to wipe out the + +11:24.600 --> 11:27.140 +marginalization of our people. + +11:30.060 --> 11:34.580 +In terms of your actions, a lot of people + +11:34.580 --> 11:36.860 +are probably thinking that you came here + +11:36.860 --> 11:39.120 +to study and that you should be in the + +11:39.120 --> 11:42.580 +classroom, not protesting. + +11:44.020 --> 11:47.460 +So you're making a decision, because it is + +11:47.460 --> 11:50.940 +a pretty tough university to be at and + +11:50.940 --> 11:53.160 +there's a lot of demands and you're kind + +11:53.160 --> 11:56.200 +of out there really taking a big chance. + +11:57.160 --> 12:00.800 +How did you make that decision? See, I + +12:00.800 --> 12:07.120 +guess the main thing is, I never, when I + +12:07.120 --> 12:09.580 +came here I didn't want to come and just + +12:09.580 --> 12:14.260 +study and go to class and go back home, + +12:14.360 --> 12:16.320 +study, do my work and just concentrate on + +12:16.320 --> 12:18.600 +myself. While there's people out there, + +12:18.680 --> 12:20.740 +there's students in the high schools that + +12:20.740 --> 12:21.700 +are getting pushed pushed out of the + +12:21.700 --> 12:24.500 +schools, there's the farm workers that are + +12:24.500 --> 12:26.100 +getting treated badly, there's kids being + +12:26.100 --> 12:27.500 +born without hands because of the + +12:27.500 --> 12:29.580 +pesticides that they put on the grapes. I + +12:29.580 --> 12:31.480 +mean, I can't just sit and concentrate on + +12:31.480 --> 12:33.440 +my own work and not worry about what's + +12:33.440 --> 12:37.140 +going on because that's my people, that's + +12:37.140 --> 12:39.160 +my parents, that's my family, that's + +12:39.160 --> 12:42.440 +everybody. I wouldn't be able to live with + +12:42.440 --> 12:44.640 +myself without doing anything about it. I + +12:44.640 --> 12:46.060 +wouldn't be able to live with myself + +12:46.060 --> 12:47.540 +without just thinking about myself and my + +12:47.540 --> 12:49.660 +career and getting straight A's and and + +12:49.660 --> 12:51.480 +doing my resumes and stuff like that, I + +12:51.480 --> 12:53.220 +wouldn't be able to do that. I mean, both + +12:53.220 --> 12:56.600 +things can be done. You know, so, like, I + +12:56.600 --> 12:58.820 +think that we're doing this so that, you + +12:58.820 --> 13:00.580 +know, later generations of Stanford + +13:00.580 --> 13:03.120 +Chicanos and Chicanas don't have to do it. + +13:03.320 --> 13:05.820 +Today we had, you know, little Chicanitas + +13:05.820 --> 13:07.620 +and Chicanitos from East Palo Alto come + +13:07.620 --> 13:09.820 +out and from a Vale Afro-Clerico group + +13:09.820 --> 13:12.280 +called Raíces de México, and they came out + +13:12.280 --> 13:15.160 +and they came out and supported us. You + +13:15.160 --> 13:16.700 +know, they're just little kids. I don't + +13:16.700 --> 13:18.920 +know, they're probably, like, from 5 to, + +13:18.980 --> 13:21.400 +like, 12. maybe and you know the reason + +13:21.400 --> 13:23.300 +we're doing this now and sacrificing our + +13:23.300 --> 13:26.660 +academic times or study hours or whatever + +13:26.660 --> 13:30.560 +um you so that they when they come here + +13:30.560 --> 13:34.540 +you know you know they can focus you know + +13:34.540 --> 13:37.400 +on on doing the things that they need to + +13:37.400 --> 13:41.040 +do instead of having to struggle so much i + +13:41.040 --> 13:42.460 +mean i think it's just like our parents + +13:42.460 --> 13:44.020 +you know they struggle so that we don't + +13:44.020 --> 13:46.060 +have to struggle and we don't i mean we + +13:46.060 --> 13:48.420 +don't struggle we're still struggling but + +13:48.420 --> 13:50.020 +at a different level You know what I mean? + +13:50.360 --> 13:53.520 +We're not, I mean, we don't have to worry, + +13:53.660 --> 13:55.160 +once we get out of here, we're not going + +13:55.160 --> 13:56.760 +to have to worry about where am I going to + +13:56.760 --> 13:59.100 +get something to eat like before or how + +13:59.100 --> 14:00.460 +are we going to pay the bills. We're + +14:00.460 --> 14:01.980 +probably going to have to, you know, we're + +14:01.980 --> 14:03.400 +probably going to be able to pay even our + +14:03.400 --> 14:07.340 +parents' bills. Hopefully, yeah. Yeah, I + +14:07.340 --> 14:13.320 +think it also goes + +14:13.320 --> 14:15.900 +back to the question about where, why did + +14:15.900 --> 14:18.020 +we choose a hunger strike. It's kind of + +14:18.020 --> 14:20.180 +like, you know, we know that our grades + +14:20.180 --> 14:21.600 +are going to suffer from this and we're + +14:21.600 --> 14:24.100 +not going to graduate with a great GPA, + +14:24.280 --> 14:27.180 +you know, as we could have. And I mean, + +14:27.180 --> 14:29.800 +it's to show that, I mean, we know that + +14:29.800 --> 14:33.540 +we're capable of doing a work, but we feel + +14:33.540 --> 14:35.840 +so strongly about this that we're willing + +14:35.840 --> 14:38.740 +to do a little bit, you know, worse than + +14:38.740 --> 14:40.820 +everybody else because our issues are so + +14:40.820 --> 14:41.260 +important. + +14:44.500 --> 14:47.040 +I don't know if the administration sees + +14:47.040 --> 14:50.200 +that, but I don't know if anybody sees + +14:50.200 --> 14:56.680 +that. I know that I could be a nice + +14:56.680 --> 15:05.180 +student, but I choose to better be a human + +15:05.180 --> 15:08.280 +being first, first and to care more about + +15:08.280 --> 15:12.400 +my people than about my grades. I was + +15:12.400 --> 15:14.940 +going to ask you, related to the incident + +15:14.940 --> 15:17.800 +that happened on Sunday at the Flix, the + +15:17.800 --> 15:23.140 +film, notaries of shows, how do you feel + +15:23.140 --> 15:26.480 +or what steps can the university take to + +15:26.480 --> 15:30.140 +educate the student community, even staff + +15:30.140 --> 15:33.960 +and faculty, about the issue of ongoing + +15:33.960 --> 15:36.980 +racism, the issue why it's important to + +15:36.980 --> 15:40.100 +have abandoned graves on this campus. How + +15:40.100 --> 15:42.300 +do you think the university can take a + +15:42.300 --> 15:46.260 +proactive role in educating the community? + +15:46.640 --> 15:49.940 +I think if they really truly believe that + +15:49.940 --> 15:51.840 +that isn't right, that the incident at + +15:51.840 --> 15:54.260 +Flix isn't right, or that people should + +15:54.260 --> 15:58.500 +know and should understand that the + +15:58.500 --> 16:00.420 +pesticides and the harm that they're doing + +16:00.420 --> 16:02.760 +to people is wrong, then they should take + +16:02.760 --> 16:04.020 +it upon themselves to educate this + +16:04.020 --> 16:05.000 +university. If they really feel + +16:05.000 --> 16:06.400 +responsible for the education of their + +16:06.400 --> 16:08.480 +students, if they really, if they believe + +16:08.480 --> 16:09.840 +that that is an important issue, that + +16:09.840 --> 16:12.360 +people's lives and people's health and the + +16:12.360 --> 16:14.680 +reaction of some or a lot of students + +16:14.680 --> 16:18.460 +finding that amusing, there's something + +16:18.460 --> 16:19.640 +wrong with that. There's something wrong + +16:19.640 --> 16:22.000 +with the mentality or with the ignorance + +16:22.000 --> 16:24.000 +level or something of the students at this + +16:24.000 --> 16:25.800 +university. And they are responsible + +16:25.800 --> 16:27.700 +because they're the administrators, + +16:27.800 --> 16:29.520 +they're in charge of this school. They're + +16:29.520 --> 16:32.620 +here to serve the students, but they're + +16:32.620 --> 16:34.580 +also here to help educate them. And + +16:34.580 --> 16:36.260 +there's, I mean, to me that proved just a + +16:36.260 --> 16:37.780 +lot of ignorance. It didn't surprise me, + +16:37.820 --> 16:39.600 +but it was very offensive and it was very + +16:39.600 --> 16:41.660 +disrespectful. And if they really, if they + +16:41.660 --> 16:43.820 +agree with that at all, then it's their + +16:43.820 --> 16:46.920 +responsibility to deal with it. I mean, + +16:46.940 --> 16:49.720 +the main things that we're, you know, just + +16:49.720 --> 16:52.100 +to bring up what we're striking striking + +16:52.100 --> 16:57.500 +about. We have these issues that we have + +16:57.500 --> 16:59.420 +been dealing with as a community for a + +16:59.420 --> 17:05.360 +long time. One of them being a campus ban + +17:05.360 --> 17:09.980 +on grapes, the development of a Chicano + +17:09.980 --> 17:13.460 +Studies program, and the community center + +17:13.460 --> 17:14.220 +in Hispalo Alto. + +17:17.540 --> 17:19.640 +These are things that we can talk about + +17:19.640 --> 17:25.140 +specifically and offered for Cecilia + +17:25.140 --> 17:27.040 +Bulciaga. And the offer for a high-level + +17:27.040 --> 17:29.940 +position for Cecilia Bulciaga, a high + +17:29.940 --> 17:34.880 +-level administrator here. Why is it + +17:34.880 --> 17:38.180 +important for the university to recognize + +17:38.180 --> 17:44.380 +Cecilia's contributions? Why is Cecilia's + +17:44.380 --> 17:47.560 +position in Cecilia's role included among + +17:47.560 --> 17:52.180 +these other three? Well basically because + +17:52.180 --> 17:55.060 +it ties down to the whole approach that + +17:55.060 --> 17:56.880 +we're taking that our education isn't + +17:56.880 --> 17:58.940 +addressing the real issues. You know the + +17:58.940 --> 18:02.480 +issues being poverty, the joblessness, and + +18:02.480 --> 18:06.560 +you know the over representation we have + +18:06.560 --> 18:08.680 +in the jails and just everything. + +18:08.680 --> 18:11.220 +anything. And she ties into that because + +18:11.220 --> 18:14.660 +Cecilia has always worked for those + +18:14.660 --> 18:20.460 +issues. She was working on the Boycott + +18:20.460 --> 18:23.620 +Grapes campaign. And when she gets here, + +18:23.740 --> 18:30.080 +you get here, she's like a role model. + +18:39.300 --> 18:44.460 +Oh, man, I'm getting tired. Oh, no, you're + +18:44.460 --> 18:46.460 +good. Yeah, what we're talking about, + +18:46.520 --> 18:50.500 +she's a role model and a role mother. + +18:51.660 --> 18:55.560 +Mother figure. Mother figure. That's it. + +18:55.740 --> 18:58.900 +No, I guess basically because she helps in + +18:58.900 --> 19:02.420 +just keeping us here because it's hard to + +19:02.420 --> 19:04.800 +survive in a campus like this when you + +19:04.800 --> 19:06.880 +have people like Sunday nights at Flick + +19:06.880 --> 19:09.600 +saying, beaners go home or, you know, + +19:09.620 --> 19:11.880 +saying stuff like that here at Stanford. I + +19:11.880 --> 19:13.960 +mean, how are we supposed to survive in a + +19:13.960 --> 19:16.300 +climate that doesn't even accept us, that + +19:16.300 --> 19:18.260 +you have to justify your existence? And + +19:18.260 --> 19:20.840 +you need people like Cecilia Bustiaga and + +19:20.840 --> 19:24.720 +like Francis that just help you out just + +19:24.720 --> 19:27.000 +to make, like, especially the transition + +19:27.000 --> 19:29.200 +from, like, your first year. I mean, + +19:29.260 --> 19:31.220 +that's what helped me so much living in + +19:31.220 --> 19:33.400 +Zapata my very first year is, Because I + +19:33.400 --> 19:36.000 +survived the whole year because I was + +19:36.000 --> 19:39.580 +living there, I think. She helped out a + +19:39.580 --> 19:43.140 +lot with my parents and just everything. + +19:45.280 --> 19:47.140 +They're always caring for you. She's an + +19:47.140 --> 19:51.100 +important contact for us. There's so few + +19:51.100 --> 19:54.260 +of us here. And then there's so few of our + +19:54.260 --> 19:58.600 +Chicano and Chicana role models here that + +19:58.600 --> 20:01.600 +we can talk to and say, hey, this happened + +20:01.600 --> 20:04.920 +to me today. Or, you know, I really, it's + +20:04.920 --> 20:07.540 +really strange for me to be here and not + +20:07.540 --> 20:09.560 +be back home where I see a lot of people + +20:09.560 --> 20:11.980 +who look like myself, you know. And these + +20:11.980 --> 20:13.940 +are people that you can talk to. Like + +20:13.940 --> 20:16.780 +Cecilia, you know, she's, she's, I mean, I + +20:16.780 --> 20:19.640 +find it incredible she always has time to + +20:19.640 --> 20:24.440 +hear us out. Always. Yeah, when, when I + +20:24.440 --> 20:26.820 +was a freshman, like I have a really nice + +20:26.820 --> 20:31.340 +story about her that, when when I, well I + +20:31.340 --> 20:34.420 +didn't, for some dumb chance, I didn't get + +20:34.420 --> 20:36.740 +to live in Zapata my freshman year. And + +20:36.740 --> 20:39.780 +so, so like I had a lot of problems like + +20:39.780 --> 20:42.380 +just trying to adapt and trying to, trying + +20:42.380 --> 20:44.080 +to decide like what I was going to do with + +20:44.080 --> 20:46.020 +my life. And I had this whole big problem + +20:46.020 --> 20:48.100 +about deciding whether to be a doctor and + +20:48.100 --> 20:51.400 +secure a good financial future for myself + +20:51.400 --> 20:53.220 +and for my family or do what I really + +20:53.220 --> 20:54.980 +wanted to do, which was to be a teacher. + +20:55.400 --> 20:59.860 +And my, my freshman advisor recommended + +20:59.860 --> 21:02.100 +that I go to her because he had heard so + +21:02.100 --> 21:04.180 +many nice things about her that he thought + +21:04.180 --> 21:06.140 +she could help me. And I remember going + +21:06.140 --> 21:09.080 +into her office and just like crying my + +21:09.080 --> 21:11.040 +guts out because I didn't know what, I + +21:11.040 --> 21:12.480 +didn't know where I fit into this + +21:12.480 --> 21:15.840 +university. And she talked, she had time, + +21:15.900 --> 21:19.180 +like she sat with me in her office and + +21:19.180 --> 21:22.420 +talked to me and encouraged me to do what + +21:22.420 --> 21:25.900 +I felt was right, you know, to let my + +21:25.900 --> 21:30.140 +heart decide And, I mean, for the + +21:30.140 --> 21:32.860 +university not to recognize that she is + +21:32.860 --> 21:35.740 +capable of keeping me here because I was + +21:35.740 --> 21:39.880 +ready to leave. And she literally helped + +21:39.880 --> 21:43.580 +me to stay. And if it wasn't for her, I + +21:43.580 --> 21:47.700 +mean, I wouldn't be here. All of you are + +21:47.700 --> 21:49.740 +members of METCHA, Movimiento Estudante de + +21:49.740 --> 21:53.540 +Chicano. That's long history. What is the + +21:53.540 --> 21:57.040 +significance of this new phase? And I'm + +21:57.040 --> 22:00.020 +referring specifically to the various + +22:00.020 --> 22:04.140 +events that started at UCLA, UC Santa + +22:04.140 --> 22:06.540 +Barbara, Colorado, University of Colorado, + +22:06.800 --> 22:08.860 +and Michigan State. Virginia, too. + +22:09.080 --> 22:11.760 +Virginia, too. Can you talk about this in + +22:11.760 --> 22:14.880 +the context of the overall resurgence of + +22:14.880 --> 22:19.100 +MECHA and Chicano student activism? I + +22:19.100 --> 22:22.320 +think as Mecha is the Chicano student + +22:22.320 --> 22:24.880 +movement and there's a long history of + +22:24.880 --> 22:27.060 +activism there, leading back to the + +22:27.060 --> 22:29.540 +original plan of Plan de Santa Aurora. And + +22:29.540 --> 22:33.000 +I think that each of us has maintained + +22:33.000 --> 22:38.360 +that goal of the betterment of la raza. + +22:39.460 --> 22:44.480 +Our Mecha is very strong and we support + +22:44.480 --> 22:49.540 +with those founding Mechistas, came up + +22:49.540 --> 22:51.220 +with in terms of the plan of Santa + +22:51.220 --> 22:56.260 +Barbara. It's gaining, it's in UCLA and UC + +22:56.260 --> 22:58.280 +Santa Barbara and other universities, + +22:58.540 --> 23:02.660 +Mecha members and and other organizations + +23:02.660 --> 23:06.480 +are taking the leadership and moving the + +23:06.480 --> 23:10.400 +universities to meet the demands. The + +23:10.400 --> 23:11.560 +thing is playing instruments to roll. + +23:16.140 --> 23:19.380 +They got misquoted? Are they in support? + +23:19.800 --> 23:25.460 +Yeah. So what happened? That sucks man. I + +23:25.460 --> 23:28.480 +feel bad for lying about it. Oh yeah, + +23:28.620 --> 23:32.140 +sorry. Sorry. I was going to ask you, I + +23:32.140 --> 23:37.080 +know earlier I talked to your dad, and I + +23:37.080 --> 23:40.000 +talked to your mom, and I know from them + +23:40.000 --> 23:42.640 +that it's been really hard for them. I + +23:42.640 --> 23:44.380 +mean, they haven't been eating as well. + +23:44.920 --> 23:48.140 +They're also, in a way, also in the hunger + +23:48.140 --> 23:51.480 +strike. How do you feel about your + +23:51.480 --> 23:55.660 +parents' role in this? How are you going + +23:55.660 --> 23:57.160 +to explain it to your parents once it's + +23:57.160 --> 23:58.800 +over and you haven't really explained it + +23:58.800 --> 23:59.020 +yet? + +24:03.480 --> 24:07.860 +Well, I told my biggest worry in terms of + +24:07.860 --> 24:10.660 +deciding to take part in the fast was how + +24:10.660 --> 24:13.040 +my mom was going to take it. Because I + +24:13.040 --> 24:14.700 +thought she was going to, you know, she's + +24:14.700 --> 24:15.840 +an asthmatic and I thought she was going + +24:15.840 --> 24:17.340 +to get sick because any time she stresses + +24:17.340 --> 24:19.340 +out she has really bad attacks and stuff. + +24:19.480 --> 24:22.280 +I just knew I was going to worry her and I + +24:22.280 --> 24:23.280 +was going to hurt her and that was the + +24:23.280 --> 24:25.260 +thing that scared me the most. But I + +24:25.260 --> 24:27.780 +talked to her about it and I kind of eased + +24:27.780 --> 24:28.760 +her into it. But I started telling her + +24:28.760 --> 24:30.840 +first about the plan to stay out of the + +24:30.840 --> 24:31.880 +quarter and stuff like that. And she was + +24:31.880 --> 24:34.760 +like, well, she told me before I even + +24:34.760 --> 24:35.980 +mentioned to her that I was going to fast. + +24:36.040 --> 24:37.600 +She said, well, Mija, when you are + +24:37.600 --> 24:39.440 +leading, when you are a leader and you + +24:39.440 --> 24:41.420 +want to take part in changing things when + +24:41.420 --> 24:42.760 +they're bad, sometimes you have to make + +24:42.760 --> 24:45.060 +sacrifices. She said, and you know, + +24:45.080 --> 24:47.260 +whatever happens, you guys, you know, you + +24:47.260 --> 24:48.540 +have my prayers and you have my support. + +24:48.720 --> 24:50.180 +And so then when I told her, she was like, + +24:50.240 --> 24:52.460 +oh, and I guess she maybe understood or + +24:52.460 --> 24:53.840 +was getting, you know, thought that I was + +24:53.840 --> 24:55.560 +going to get to that because I told her + +24:55.560 --> 24:56.800 +and she She was like, well, she said, I'm + +24:56.800 --> 24:58.060 +not going to tell you to do it, and I'm + +24:58.060 --> 24:59.020 +not going to tell you not to do it, + +24:59.040 --> 25:01.500 +because I don't want to feel responsible + +25:01.500 --> 25:02.740 +for you doing it, and I don't want to feel + +25:02.740 --> 25:05.100 +responsible for you feeling bad because + +25:05.100 --> 25:07.480 +maybe it didn't succeed or because you + +25:07.480 --> 25:09.540 +really didn't want to do what you wanted + +25:09.540 --> 25:11.300 +to. She said, but I'm really scared. But + +25:11.300 --> 25:15.280 +she said that she had faith in God, and as + +25:15.280 --> 25:16.460 +long as I had faith in God, that + +25:16.460 --> 25:18.280 +everything was going to be okay. And so + +25:18.280 --> 25:19.840 +for me, it was very empowering, because + +25:19.840 --> 25:21.680 +the minute I got off the phone, I decided, + +25:21.680 --> 25:24.160 +I decided, I really felt strongly about it + +25:24.160 --> 25:25.940 +already and I decided that this was + +25:25.940 --> 25:27.080 +something I was going to do. And even + +25:27.080 --> 25:28.320 +though I was going to cause her a lot of + +25:28.320 --> 25:31.020 +pain, that I was going to get through it + +25:31.020 --> 25:32.020 +and she was going to get through it. And + +25:32.020 --> 25:34.380 +I'm pretty sure that she hasn't been + +25:34.380 --> 25:36.220 +eating either. And I haven't been able to + +25:36.220 --> 25:38.220 +speak with her since that last time I + +25:38.220 --> 25:42.340 +talked to her. But like she told me, she + +25:42.340 --> 25:45.320 +said, you know, she said for herself that + +25:45.320 --> 25:47.360 +she's already past her youth and she + +25:47.360 --> 25:48.740 +doesn't know that she can do that much + +25:48.740 --> 25:50.760 +anymore. And she said, it's our turn. And + +25:50.760 --> 25:53.280 +so here we are, we're trying to make + +25:53.280 --> 25:55.280 +changes because I don't want to, I really + +25:55.280 --> 25:56.760 +don't want my little brother to have to do + +25:56.760 --> 25:59.240 +something like this. And I have a younger + +25:59.240 --> 26:00.900 +sister who's here also and I don't want + +26:00.900 --> 26:03.000 +her to have to, you know, continue this. I + +26:03.000 --> 26:04.320 +mean, she probably won't have to just + +26:04.320 --> 26:06.100 +because that's the way things are around + +26:06.100 --> 26:09.360 +here. But, you know, if I can help out in + +26:09.360 --> 26:11.480 +some way so that, you know, the kids that + +26:11.480 --> 26:12.980 +come here later don't have to be going + +26:12.980 --> 26:14.600 +through this, then that would be awesome. + +26:14.720 --> 26:15.300 +So, yeah. + +26:23.260 --> 26:27.160 +I guess that was the hardest thing for me + +26:27.160 --> 26:31.440 +as well. I knew when we thought of the + +26:31.440 --> 26:34.540 +idea, I knew that I wanted to do it. I + +26:34.540 --> 26:37.140 +wanted to be part of the hunger strike. I + +26:37.140 --> 26:40.200 +just knew that I could do it and I was + +26:40.200 --> 26:43.120 +going to have the willpower to go through + +26:43.120 --> 26:45.120 +with it. it, but the only thing was my + +26:45.120 --> 26:47.040 +mom. I didn't know how to tell her. I + +26:47.040 --> 26:49.240 +didn't know what to tell her. I was scared + +26:49.240 --> 26:51.000 +because I know that the way my mom is, she + +26:51.000 --> 26:54.420 +worries and she doesn't sleep at night and + +26:54.420 --> 26:59.360 +she can't eat. It's just bad. I hate it. I + +26:59.360 --> 27:02.320 +don't like doing that to her because she + +27:02.320 --> 27:05.020 +still works and she's getting older and + +27:05.020 --> 27:08.100 +everything. I don't know. It's just + +27:08.100 --> 27:10.180 +something I felt so deep from my heart. I + +27:10.180 --> 27:11.820 +just thought, you know, so many people are + +27:11.820 --> 27:13.700 +are going to gain a lot from this. So many + +27:13.700 --> 27:17.260 +people are going to have a lot of things + +27:17.260 --> 27:19.280 +come out of this, especially with the Ispa + +27:19.280 --> 27:21.900 +Lo Alto Community Center and with the + +27:21.900 --> 27:25.360 +boycott on the graves. It's just immediate + +27:25.360 --> 27:30.220 +help for people that are dying and being + +27:30.220 --> 27:34.360 +born with birth defects. So when I told + +27:34.360 --> 27:38.680 +her, she was telling me she didn't want me + +27:38.680 --> 27:40.560 +to do it. She was telling me I'm anemic, + +27:40.760 --> 27:42.900 +that I was anemic. Then my dad told me I + +27:42.900 --> 27:45.320 +had a low red blood cell count. They were + +27:45.320 --> 27:46.920 +just coming up with all these things that + +27:46.920 --> 27:49.000 +I had that I shouldn't be doing it because + +27:49.000 --> 27:50.860 +I was so skinny and I was going to + +27:50.860 --> 27:54.660 +disappear and this and that. So then, oh, + +27:54.660 --> 27:59.020 +sorry. So then after, + +28:01.240 --> 28:02.960 +oh, when I told her, I mean, it was really + +28:02.960 --> 28:05.840 +hard. She was crying and everything. And + +28:05.840 --> 28:08.080 +then I called her after the first day of + +28:08.080 --> 28:11.020 +the hunger strike, like, and she couldn't + +28:11.020 --> 28:12.940 +talk to me because she didn't want to cry + +28:12.940 --> 28:15.980 +on the phone. So that just made me, I was + +28:15.980 --> 28:17.380 +just crying. I was talking to my sister + +28:17.380 --> 28:19.040 +and my sister was, you know, I was telling + +28:19.040 --> 28:20.960 +her, tell my mom that I'm not hungry. Tell + +28:20.960 --> 28:22.680 +her that I'm feeling good, the issues are + +28:22.680 --> 28:24.260 +keeping me alive and they're going to keep + +28:24.260 --> 28:27.320 +me alive and I'm going to be okay. So, but + +28:27.320 --> 28:28.900 +she's going to come today because she's + +28:28.900 --> 28:31.120 +worried and she wants to see me. + +28:35.500 --> 28:37.500 +Well, the hardest part of this whole thing + +28:37.500 --> 28:42.040 +was just to tell my mom and dad that I was + +28:42.040 --> 28:44.560 +going to do this because we've all said we + +28:44.560 --> 28:49.240 +don't want to make them suffer. But I told + +28:49.240 --> 28:51.700 +her and she said, okay, well if you guys + +28:51.700 --> 28:53.080 +are still out there after three days then + +28:53.080 --> 28:55.560 +I'm going to come out. out. And then right + +28:55.560 --> 28:58.500 +like a few minutes before I left I was + +28:58.500 --> 29:00.660 +talking to her, y me estaba dando la + +29:00.660 --> 29:02.700 +bendicion. Do I have to translate that? + +29:03.000 --> 29:08.540 +Oh, okay. And then, um, and then, um, so, + +29:08.680 --> 29:11.500 +you know, she was crying and I could tell + +29:11.500 --> 29:13.500 +and she was giving me the bendicion. And + +29:13.500 --> 29:15.040 +so she was like, you know what, I'm going + +29:15.040 --> 29:17.240 +to be out there tomorrow and stuff. And, + +29:17.320 --> 29:19.460 +you know, my mom and dad got some money + +29:19.460 --> 29:22.020 +together and then so my mom could fly out + +29:22.020 --> 29:25.760 +here and and stuff. And so she came out + +29:25.760 --> 29:28.480 +last night and I mean I think it was + +29:28.480 --> 29:30.640 +better for her to come because she was + +29:30.640 --> 29:32.220 +upset when she saw me and she was crying + +29:32.220 --> 29:34.520 +and stuff but she's been really good and + +29:34.520 --> 29:36.000 +everybody's been really supportive of her + +29:36.000 --> 29:38.000 +and she's been, I think it makes her feel + +29:38.000 --> 29:41.320 +good to feel useful to this thing. She + +29:41.320 --> 29:45.120 +feels a part of this strike and she feels + +29:45.120 --> 29:47.060 +a part of the movement and I think that + +29:47.060 --> 29:50.180 +she is because we're fighting for her and + +29:50.180 --> 29:53.280 +for for everybody. She slept out there + +29:53.280 --> 30:00.420 +with us last night. She's hardcore. For + +30:00.420 --> 30:02.960 +me, that was definitely the hardest part. + +30:03.660 --> 30:07.120 +After I did it, I wished that I didn't + +30:07.120 --> 30:12.160 +have to, but I know that if I hadn't, it + +30:12.160 --> 30:13.780 +would have been worse for her if she had + +30:13.780 --> 30:17.980 +found out some other way. I'm just really + +30:17.980 --> 30:19.420 +worried about her because she has heart + +30:19.420 --> 30:22.860 +problems. I was afraid that if she saw me + +30:22.860 --> 30:26.020 +on the news or something, you know, , you + +30:26.020 --> 30:29.260 +know, we'd end up everything with yours. + +30:29.440 --> 30:32.680 +But, you know, she's fine and she already + +30:32.680 --> 30:35.260 +told me that she supports me. And even + +30:35.260 --> 30:37.420 +though it's the hardest thing, you know, + +30:37.460 --> 30:40.540 +for her, like, she knows. So I told her + +30:40.540 --> 30:42.560 +that it was her who taught me how to fight + +30:42.560 --> 30:46.200 +and maybe that, hopefully that made her + +30:46.200 --> 30:48.300 +feel a little bit better but maybe, + +30:48.480 --> 30:50.860 +hopefully, I don't know. I don't know + +30:50.860 --> 30:53.620 +exactly how she is. Last time I talked to + +30:53.620 --> 30:57.520 +her she sounded very weak and my dad + +30:57.520 --> 30:59.360 +called me like the next morning, the + +30:59.360 --> 31:02.340 +morning after I told my mom and he tried + +31:02.340 --> 31:04.440 +his hardest to convince me not to do it. + +31:04.440 --> 31:06.980 +He told me all kinds of things. And he + +31:06.980 --> 31:09.040 +told me, why do you want to go through + +31:09.040 --> 31:11.460 +another hunger after you've suffered so + +31:11.460 --> 31:13.900 +many hungers in your life? And just + +31:13.900 --> 31:15.420 +reminding me of all the things that I've + +31:15.420 --> 31:17.060 +had to go through just to get where I am + +31:17.060 --> 31:20.300 +and trying to tell me, well, don't do it. + +31:20.440 --> 31:23.280 +But I still did it, and he's here right + +31:23.280 --> 31:26.200 +now, and he came and told me. He's still + +31:26.200 --> 31:27.960 +trying to convince me to stop because he + +31:27.960 --> 31:30.240 +goes, he says, you know, your mom's going + +31:30.240 --> 31:33.060 +to come up here tomorrow, and if you're + +31:33.060 --> 31:34.620 +still on the strike, she's going to strike + +31:34.620 --> 31:40.180 +with you. I think generally my parents + +31:40.180 --> 31:42.380 +have the same feelings as all the others + +31:42.380 --> 31:45.600 +do, but it's a little bit easier for them + +31:45.600 --> 31:46.940 +to handle because tonight's going to be my + +31:46.940 --> 31:50.180 +last day fasting. So that's basically it. + +31:51.580 --> 31:56.660 +Last word, Yvonne? Well, okay. You said + +31:56.660 --> 31:58.840 +it's for historical purposes, right? So + +31:58.840 --> 32:02.980 +when, you know, 20 years from now when + +32:02.980 --> 32:04.480 +other Chicanos look at this, you know, + +32:04.520 --> 32:07.880 +we... And Chicanas. And Chicanas. Sorry, + +32:08.140 --> 32:12.080 +I'm tired. You know, when other gente see + +32:12.080 --> 32:15.960 +this, just to remember that, you know, + +32:15.960 --> 32:18.120 +even when you're looking at this now, 20 + +32:18.120 --> 32:20.120 +years later, the movement is still alive + +32:20.120 --> 32:22.440 +in you. And we still have to keep + +32:22.440 --> 32:24.560 +struggling because, you know... Well, + +32:24.620 --> 32:26.560 +hopefully we can stop. Hopefully we can + +32:26.560 --> 32:28.120 +stop some of it, but I mean if it's still + +32:28.120 --> 32:33.340 +it's still bad, you know now You know we + +32:33.340 --> 32:35.600 +can do it. Yeah, and don't take advantage + +32:36.480 --> 32:39.380 +of what You know what you have I guess + +32:39.380 --> 32:41.860 +like like for us is very important to say + +32:41.860 --> 32:44.500 +Oh, we have we have a sento and there's a + +32:44.500 --> 32:46.100 +lot of people that work hard for it Settle + +32:46.100 --> 32:47.760 +for what you don't settle for you have and + +32:47.760 --> 32:49.760 +don't forget us pretty much Don't forget + +32:49.760 --> 32:51.980 +the people who fought before you all the + +32:51.980 --> 32:53.600 +things like the people that fought before + +32:53.600 --> 32:58.660 +us and before us and before them and just + +32:58.660 --> 33:02.020 +remember we're doing this for you for the + +33:02.020 --> 33:04.660 +future. For the youth! + +33:08.180 --> 33:13.760 +My name is Sh... Oh, okay. The new message + +33:13.760 --> 33:13.920 +is this... + +33:40.680 --> 33:43.900 +It is currently about 7.30 on the 6th of + +33:43.900 --> 33:49.700 +May, Friday, 1994. We have just collected, + +33:50.000 --> 33:55.280 +witnessed the five testimonials from five + +33:55.280 --> 33:57.280 +of the hunger strikers, which have + +33:57.280 --> 34:02.680 +included at one point over 100 solidarity + +34:02.680 --> 34:07.080 +strikers. At this time, we've received the + +34:07.080 --> 34:08.460 +latest response from the Administration, + +34:08.860 --> 34:10.780 +which has been recalcitrant up to this + +34:10.780 --> 34:13.800 +point. and I understand that there's still + +34:13.800 --> 34:16.160 +many points that need to be go need to be + +34:16.160 --> 34:18.960 +reviewed and some more dialogue that needs + +34:18.960 --> 34:20.780 +to be that needs to take place but at the + +34:20.780 --> 34:23.800 +moment it looks as though statement that + +34:23.800 --> 34:26.720 +that we have made as a community the + +34:26.720 --> 34:28.720 +Chicano community and the statement that + +34:28.720 --> 34:31.660 +comes from various communities throughout + +34:31.660 --> 34:34.080 +the Bay Area and the nation and solidarity + +34:34.080 --> 34:39.440 +with us has has begun to open the + +34:39.440 --> 34:41.340 +administration's eyes to the justness of + +34:41.340 --> 34:45.480 +our cause and our demands. However, as I + +34:45.480 --> 34:48.380 +said, there still is some work to be done. + +34:48.520 --> 34:52.740 +For the moment, it seems as though our + +34:52.740 --> 34:56.260 +first demand, that is the offering of a + +34:56.260 --> 34:58.320 +high-level position to Associate Dean + +34:58.320 --> 35:00.860 +Cecilia Bursiaga, is still not being met. + +35:02.480 --> 35:04.540 +And as I said, this is our first demand + +35:04.540 --> 35:08.280 +and it's very important to us. So more + +35:08.280 --> 35:11.260 +negotiation has to go on with regards to + +35:11.260 --> 35:14.220 +that. The second demand involves the + +35:14.220 --> 35:15.800 +establishment of a community center in + +35:15.800 --> 35:18.880 +East Palo Alto to serve the community that + +35:18.880 --> 35:21.880 +literally works to preserve the + +35:21.880 --> 35:28.000 +functioning of this university. And as far + +35:28.000 --> 35:34.180 +as the administration is concerned, they + +35:34.180 --> 35:37.260 +are receptive to the initiative that the + +35:37.260 --> 35:38.700 +Chicano students, the Chicano and Chicana + +35:38.700 --> 35:41.040 +students have presented in terms of + +35:41.040 --> 35:43.700 +bridging the gap between the community and + +35:43.700 --> 35:47.220 +the academy. This has been a very + +35:47.220 --> 35:50.160 +important component to the struggle here. + +35:50.520 --> 35:52.620 +As a matter of fact, this is a component + +35:52.620 --> 35:54.600 +that isn't new. It goes all the way back + +35:54.600 --> 35:56.560 +to the Plan de Santa Barbara, which + +35:56.560 --> 36:03.120 +inaugurated Mecha. So we are very hopeful + +36:03.120 --> 36:05.140 +that some breakthrough will come through + +36:05.140 --> 36:06.740 +here. As regards to the Chicano and + +36:06.740 --> 36:10.740 +Chicana studies, again, this is the + +36:10.740 --> 36:13.540 +justness and the feasibility of this + +36:13.540 --> 36:16.540 +demand has led the administration to also + +36:16.540 --> 36:21.020 +give overtures that are encouraging. + +36:21.020 --> 36:26.080 +Finally, the issue of grapes on campus + +36:26.080 --> 36:29.240 +has, and specifically the negative + +36:29.240 --> 36:31.960 +reactions, the racist reactions to our + +36:31.960 --> 36:33.820 +efforts to educate the community at + +36:33.820 --> 36:38.220 +Stanford has, and our protest, our protest + +36:38.220 --> 36:41.660 +against those negative reactions has led + +36:41.660 --> 36:43.680 +the university to embark upon an + +36:43.680 --> 36:47.060 +initiative to educate all the dorms + +36:47.060 --> 36:48.560 +through the showing of the no grapes video + +36:48.560 --> 36:55.420 +and also through establishing a dialogue + +36:55.420 --> 36:57.040 +with our community, the Chicano community, + +36:57.740 --> 37:00.500 +in an effort to bridge the gaps that have + +37:00.500 --> 37:03.780 +been caused, + +37:04.020 --> 37:06.840 +bridge the divisions that have been caused + +37:06.840 --> 37:11.180 +by the racism that's very often a result + +37:11.180 --> 37:15.920 +of an academy which is very hierarchical + +37:15.920 --> 37:19.160 +and one which is institutionally and + +37:19.160 --> 37:21.500 +structurally hostile to the presence of + +37:21.500 --> 37:24.240 +minorities and other marginalized people. + +37:24.680 --> 37:27.320 +With this, I would just like to say, Que + +37:27.320 --> 37:30.500 +viva la raza y adelante. We're going to + +37:30.500 --> 37:30.980 +win this one. + +38:11.960 --> 38:14.900 +Thank you. Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/qw237kb3383_a_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/qw237kb3383_a_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1da5e78 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/qw237kb3383_a_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1097 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:15.700 --> 00:19.440 +That is Roscoe. Here is the news read by + +00:19.440 --> 00:22.600 +Sergei Horny. Thanks for the headline. In + +00:22.600 --> 00:24.620 +Geneva, the Italian delegate has supported + +00:24.620 --> 00:27.060 +the Soviet proposal on the Laos question. + +00:27.060 --> 00:31.440 +In Van Zandt, Laos, the population held an + +00:31.440 --> 00:34.900 +anti-American demonstration. Once again + +00:34.900 --> 00:37.700 +racial outbursts are about to flare up in + +00:37.700 --> 00:41.480 +Montgomery, Alabama. Cuba will strive to + +00:41.480 --> 00:44.260 +win back Guantanamo Bay peacefully. April + +00:44.260 --> 00:47.640 +Castro. Nikita Khrushchev met Prime + +00:47.640 --> 00:50.820 +Minister Ali Sadmak of Somalia in Moscow + +00:50.820 --> 00:53.480 +today. The Somali leader has come to the + +00:53.480 --> 00:56.820 +USSR on an official spokesperson. Those + +00:56.820 --> 00:58.680 +are the headlines. They're now part of the + +00:58.680 --> 01:01.420 +session. At the international conference + +01:01.420 --> 01:04.200 +for a Laotian settlement, the Chinese + +01:04.200 --> 01:06.820 +foreign minister Chen Yin announced the + +01:06.820 --> 01:08.620 +Laotian people's striving for independence + +01:08.620 --> 01:10.760 +and insanity proclaimed by the + +01:10.760 --> 01:12.320 +representatives of the royal government + +01:12.320 --> 01:16.420 +and the Patek Laos. The Chinese minister + +01:16.420 --> 01:20.080 +also upheld the Soviet proposal. At the + +01:20.080 --> 01:22.340 +same time, he turned down the American + +01:22.340 --> 01:24.700 +proposals as being incompatible with the + +01:24.700 --> 01:29.160 +Canadian of 1954, and favor T.D.A. as + +01:29.160 --> 01:30.960 +placing Laos under an international + +01:30.960 --> 01:35.540 +condominium. Chen Xi emphasized that in no + +01:35.540 --> 01:37.700 +case could interference in Laos' domestic + +01:37.700 --> 01:41.040 +affairs be tolerated. The Chinese foreign + +01:41.040 --> 01:43.000 +minister also affirmed the international + +01:43.000 --> 01:45.440 +organs proposed by the Americans to + +01:45.440 --> 01:48.240 +control the foreign aid received by Laos + +01:48.240 --> 01:50.500 +as being incompatible with Laos' + +01:50.540 --> 01:54.040 +sovereignty. You are bound to say that + +01:54.040 --> 01:56.420 +peace and security could not be ensured in + +01:56.420 --> 01:59.100 +Asia until the United States stopped its + +01:59.100 --> 02:00.580 +policy of interference and aggression + +02:00.580 --> 02:03.540 +against the countries of Asia. The threat + +02:03.540 --> 02:05.260 +to the peace and security in Southeast + +02:05.260 --> 02:08.300 +Asia, including Laos, stems from the + +02:08.300 --> 02:09.960 +policy of aggression and interference + +02:09.960 --> 02:12.660 +pursued by the United States and the CETA + +02:12.660 --> 02:16.260 +war bloc. Cheney expressed the point that + +02:16.260 --> 02:18.560 +peace and security in Southeast Asia could + +02:18.560 --> 02:21.160 +only be guaranteed when the United States + +02:21.160 --> 02:23.940 +stops its aggression and its efforts, and + +02:23.940 --> 02:26.180 +when a peace area is formed in Southeast + +02:26.180 --> 02:29.080 +Asia in place of the CTO military bloc. + +02:29.960 --> 02:32.300 +The Chinese delegate further pointed out + +02:32.300 --> 02:34.480 +that the two proposals put forward by the + +02:34.480 --> 02:37.300 +Soviet Union for a Laotian settlement stem + +02:37.300 --> 02:39.100 +from principles as we've expressed for + +02:39.100 --> 02:41.560 +years as independence and sovereignty, and + +02:41.560 --> 02:43.360 +dovetail with the Geneva agreements of + +02:43.360 --> 02:48.040 +1954. The Chinese delegation believes that + +02:48.040 --> 02:50.460 +the Soviet report should serve as a basis + +02:50.460 --> 02:53.060 +for discussion with the government and as + +02:53.060 --> 02:56.400 +a basis for agreement. Chen added that + +02:56.400 --> 02:58.780 +other delegations had also made proposals + +02:58.780 --> 03:02.460 +for a Lao-Chi settlement. We are prepared, + +03:02.700 --> 03:04.700 +he said, in the course of discussion and + +03:04.700 --> 03:07.240 +consultations, to thoroughly study and + +03:07.240 --> 03:09.660 +consider all that is constructed in these + +03:09.660 --> 03:12.680 +proposals. The next to speak was the + +03:12.680 --> 03:15.100 +Foreign Minister of Thailand, Thanat + +03:15.100 --> 03:17.900 +Ketne. In violation of the agreement + +03:17.900 --> 03:20.600 +reached on who is to represent laws at the + +03:20.600 --> 03:22.560 +conference, he proposed that + +03:22.560 --> 03:24.460 +representatives of all Russian political + +03:24.460 --> 03:26.480 +parties be included in the number of + +03:26.480 --> 03:29.720 +negotiators. The chairman, Georgi Pushkin, + +03:29.820 --> 03:33.020 +of the USSR, explained the situation to + +03:33.020 --> 03:35.300 +the Thailand representative. The former + +03:35.300 --> 03:37.760 +Thailand foreign minister had been linked + +03:37.760 --> 03:40.540 +to the opening of the conference and was + +03:40.540 --> 03:42.540 +unaware that these points had been cleared + +03:42.540 --> 03:44.960 +up prior to the opening of the talks. + +03:46.120 --> 03:48.600 +Georgi Puskin further announced that at + +03:48.600 --> 03:50.420 +the request of a number of delegations, + +03:50.440 --> 03:53.180 +the conference would adjourn for two to + +03:53.180 --> 03:55.800 +three days to enable the delegates to + +03:55.800 --> 03:58.500 +examine the proposals and perhaps prepare + +03:58.500 --> 04:01.240 +their own. The next meeting will be called + +04:01.240 --> 04:06.020 +no later than on Monday, he said. In Vang + +04:06.020 --> 04:08.300 +Vieng, Laos, meanwhile, the population + +04:08.300 --> 04:11.060 +held a meeting and demonstration in + +04:11.060 --> 04:13.500 +protest against American imperialism by + +04:13.500 --> 04:16.080 +the Samarnakheti, who are trying to + +04:16.080 --> 04:18.420 +torpedo the conference in Geneva and the + +04:18.420 --> 04:21.380 +park in Namon. The head of the royal + +04:21.380 --> 04:23.660 +government's delegation at the Namon Park + +04:23.660 --> 04:26.440 +described a policy of genuine peace and + +04:26.440 --> 04:28.600 +neutrality to the end of the political + +04:28.600 --> 04:31.500 +program of the oil government. The head of + +04:31.500 --> 04:34.120 +the Pataslao delegation at the talk urged + +04:34.120 --> 04:36.620 +all Laotians to rally around the + +04:36.620 --> 04:38.520 +legitimate government headed by Prince + +04:38.520 --> 04:40.920 +Sivanapuma, who to support his political + +04:40.920 --> 04:43.720 +program had to work energetically for a + +04:43.720 --> 04:48.900 +generally peaceful and neutral world. The + +04:48.900 --> 04:51.020 +Democratic Republic of Vietnam is being + +04:51.020 --> 04:53.020 +swept by a wave of protest demonstrations + +04:53.460 --> 04:55.160 +against the aggressor actions of the + +04:55.160 --> 04:58.220 +United States and South Vietnam. Dozens of + +04:58.220 --> 05:00.100 +petitions from public organizations and + +05:00.100 --> 05:02.520 +political parties demanding a stop to + +05:02.520 --> 05:04.180 +American aggressive action on behalf of + +05:04.180 --> 05:06.720 +Vietnam have been sent to the co-chairs of + +05:06.720 --> 05:08.500 +the Geneva Conference and to the + +05:08.500 --> 05:10.120 +International Inspection and Control + +05:10.120 --> 05:14.220 +Commission in Vietnam. American factors, + +05:14.460 --> 05:16.880 +members of the Lincoln-Rockwell Nazi + +05:16.880 --> 05:19.400 +Organization, have arrived in Montgomery, + +05:19.700 --> 05:22.520 +Alabama to help the local Ku Klux Klan + +05:22.520 --> 05:25.740 +members. The Brown Theater's Sponsor + +05:25.740 --> 05:28.780 +Command Enforcement has declared that they + +05:28.780 --> 05:31.000 +will wipe out the participants of the + +05:31.000 --> 05:35.780 +Freedom Line. Judging from all this, blood + +05:35.780 --> 05:38.140 +will be spilled in Montgomery once again. + +05:40.700 --> 05:43.220 +Martin Sleety King, leader of the Fox + +05:43.220 --> 05:45.380 +News, a community progress of the colored + +05:45.380 --> 05:47.400 +people, told a press conference in + +05:47.400 --> 05:49.560 +Montgomery West today that the opponents + +05:49.560 --> 05:52.040 +of racial discrimination were before to + +05:52.040 --> 05:55.200 +continue the Freedom Riders. The New Gray + +05:55.200 --> 05:57.080 +leaders said that despite all the racial + +05:57.080 --> 05:59.320 +lawlessness, threats, and brute force + +05:59.320 --> 06:01.600 +confronting the Freedom Riders, they would + +06:01.600 --> 06:04.560 +not stop what they had spoken. Mr. King + +06:04.560 --> 06:06.880 +said that another eight racial segregation + +06:06.880 --> 06:09.420 +opponents had arrived in Montgomery from + +06:09.420 --> 06:12.000 +Nashville, Tennessee, to join the Freedom + +06:12.000 --> 06:16.340 +Riders. The American press, as well as the + +06:16.340 --> 06:18.280 +world, said, has been extensively + +06:18.280 --> 06:20.080 +commenting the racial outbursts in + +06:20.080 --> 06:22.240 +Alabama. For example, the Washington Post + +06:22.240 --> 06:24.600 +and Times-Herald wrote that there was not + +06:24.600 --> 06:26.740 +a shadow of a doubt that the cruelty and + +06:26.740 --> 06:29.080 +beatings in Alabama were getting headline + +06:29.080 --> 06:31.960 +stories in many world papers. The + +06:31.960 --> 06:34.120 +Washington paper wrote that there was no + +06:34.120 --> 06:35.960 +way of estimating the damage done to + +06:35.960 --> 06:37.960 +America's prestige by the racial riots. + +06:38.920 --> 06:40.740 +The British Yorkshire Post spitefully + +06:40.740 --> 06:43.120 +commented that the racial slurs in America + +06:43.120 --> 06:45.060 +would hardly help the American president + +06:45.060 --> 06:47.100 +to convince the media media and + +06:47.100 --> 06:49.180 +underdeveloped countries that the United + +06:49.180 --> 06:51.760 +States was carrying a torch showing them + +06:51.760 --> 06:54.840 +the way to freedom and democracy. Cotão + +06:54.840 --> 06:57.520 +Osocava, a radio personal commentator, + +06:57.540 --> 06:59.440 +characteristically remarked that the New + +06:59.440 --> 07:01.800 +Hope question was a dirty spot in the + +07:01.800 --> 07:05.600 +history of the United States. Speaking at + +07:05.600 --> 07:08.340 +a meeting in Santiago, Cuba, Defense + +07:08.340 --> 07:11.320 +Minister Raul Castro declared that the + +07:11.320 --> 07:14.440 +American naval base of Guantanamo was a + +07:14.440 --> 07:16.720 +constant hotbed of provocation against + +07:16.720 --> 07:21.540 +Cuba. American planes, says Al Costo, have + +07:21.540 --> 07:24.500 +recently violated Cuban airspace 259 + +07:24.500 --> 07:27.880 +times. They made provocative flights over + +07:27.880 --> 07:30.600 +Cuban territory and photographed it. In + +07:30.600 --> 07:32.840 +conclusion, the Cuban minister said that + +07:32.840 --> 07:34.800 +the Republic of Cuba would spare no effort + +07:34.800 --> 07:36.980 +to liquidating that American base in Cuba + +07:36.980 --> 07:41.700 +through peaceful raids. In New York, our + +07:41.700 --> 07:43.540 +Radio Moscow correspondent sent us the + +07:43.540 --> 07:45.900 +following dispatch. The failure of the + +07:45.900 --> 07:48.400 +Cuban invasion has intensified the clash + +07:48.400 --> 07:50.420 +between individual groups of the Cuban + +07:50.420 --> 07:51.860 +counter-revolutionaries in the United + +07:51.860 --> 07:55.080 +States. For example, the Emanuela Reyes + +07:55.080 --> 07:57.900 +group asked for it from the so-called + +07:57.900 --> 08:00.680 +Revolutionary Council Uniting Reactionary + +08:00.680 --> 08:03.260 +Emigrants. A person of that group said + +08:03.260 --> 08:05.000 +that with a blessing from the Central + +08:05.000 --> 08:07.880 +Intelligence Agency, the Revolutionary + +08:07.880 --> 08:10.140 +Council so called, was enlisting + +08:10.140 --> 08:13.040 +supporters of ex-dictator Batista for a + +08:13.040 --> 08:15.980 +new mercenary army without supporting the + +08:15.980 --> 08:18.860 +rare group. The New York Times reports + +08:18.860 --> 08:21.180 +that the rare group had received + +08:21.180 --> 08:23.760 +information from its agents in Cuba that + +08:23.760 --> 08:25.960 +underground activity there was almost + +08:25.960 --> 08:28.080 +impossible since there was not a single + +08:28.080 --> 08:28.460 +house + +08:31.200 --> 08:34.100 +The Afro-Asian delegation at the United + +08:34.100 --> 08:36.020 +Nations has come to the conclusion that + +08:36.020 --> 08:38.840 +the situation in Portuguese Angola could + +08:38.840 --> 08:41.720 +be discussed by the Security Council. The + +08:41.720 --> 08:43.860 +French news agency says that they may call + +08:43.860 --> 08:45.840 +for a meeting of the Security Council in + +08:45.840 --> 08:48.460 +the near future. The Prime Minister of + +08:48.460 --> 08:51.540 +Somalia, Abdirahid Ali Canemar, has + +08:51.540 --> 08:54.920 +arrived in Moscow on an official visit. He + +08:54.920 --> 08:56.700 +was led to the airfield by members of the + +08:56.700 --> 08:58.580 +civil service headed by the chairman of + +08:58.580 --> 08:59.880 +the council of ministries Nikita + +08:59.880 --> 09:02.340 +Khrushchev and other officials. The + +09:02.340 --> 09:04.080 +diplomatic corps were also at the + +09:04.080 --> 09:06.180 +airfield. A big crowd thwarted the + +09:06.180 --> 09:08.620 +statement made by the two prime ministers. + +09:10.200 --> 09:12.480 +Nikita Khrushchev said that the civil + +09:12.480 --> 09:14.220 +service people follow in great sympathy + +09:14.220 --> 09:16.460 +the efforts made by the Somali and other + +09:16.460 --> 09:18.500 +peoples of Africa who have rid themselves + +09:18.500 --> 09:21.080 +of the fetters of of colonialism and who + +09:21.080 --> 09:23.260 +are now trying to liquidate the burdensome + +09:23.260 --> 09:25.500 +heritage of the past and to further + +09:25.500 --> 09:28.820 +strengthen their national independence. We + +09:28.820 --> 09:30.840 +wish them all success in this, added + +09:30.840 --> 09:33.480 +Nikita Pujan. He also noted the + +09:33.480 --> 09:36.100 +satisfaction of wonderful views of the + +09:36.100 --> 09:38.580 +Somali and Soviet governments on a number + +09:38.580 --> 09:41.360 +of major international issues that came to + +09:41.360 --> 09:43.860 +light during the recent negotiations and + +09:43.860 --> 09:46.020 +from the exchanges of opinions between the + +09:46.020 --> 09:48.600 +Soviet goodwill missions and the Somali + +09:48.600 --> 09:51.220 +government. We are satisfied, he went on, + +09:51.360 --> 09:53.300 +that friendly relations have been + +09:53.300 --> 09:55.420 +established and are successfully + +09:55.420 --> 09:58.020 +developing between the Soviet Union and + +09:58.020 --> 10:00.600 +the Somali Republic, relations founded on + +10:00.600 --> 10:02.960 +principles of mutual respect and non + +10:02.960 --> 10:04.360 +-interference in the best of the terms. + +10:05.280 --> 10:08.000 +Nikita Khrushchev stressed the point that + +10:08.000 --> 10:10.160 +there are broad possibilities for a + +10:10.160 --> 10:12.060 +further spiritual development of serious + +10:12.060 --> 10:14.540 +Somali relations. For successful economic + +10:14.540 --> 10:17.200 +cooperation between the two countries and + +10:17.200 --> 10:18.980 +a putting of a critical and mutual + +10:18.980 --> 10:23.600 +benefit. Speaking in reply, Abdi Dacid Ali + +10:23.600 --> 10:26.220 +Shatambar expressed gratitude for the + +10:26.220 --> 10:28.060 +cause of the revolution. The powerful + +10:28.060 --> 10:30.140 +arrival of a goodwill mission from Somali + +10:30.140 --> 10:32.540 +is an important stage in the Republic's + +10:32.540 --> 10:35.140 +historical development. It not only shows + +10:35.140 --> 10:37.220 +the independence of our country, he added, + +10:37.360 --> 10:40.500 +but the independence of its policy. We + +10:40.500 --> 10:42.580 +hope that relations and cooperation will + +10:42.580 --> 10:44.700 +continue to develop in the future, said + +10:44.700 --> 10:47.340 +Somali Prime Minister El-Bassar. And + +10:47.340 --> 10:49.260 +that's the end of the news broadcast to + +10:49.260 --> 10:49.940 +you from Radio Moscow. + +10:55.340 --> 10:59.300 +Our commentary is now over. Here is what + +10:59.300 --> 11:03.300 +he writes. American newspapers have long + +11:03.300 --> 11:05.520 +been discussing the question of a meeting + +11:05.520 --> 11:07.500 +between President Kennedy and Premier + +11:07.500 --> 11:11.060 +Fouchal. All the while, the reaction has + +11:11.060 --> 11:12.980 +been favorable to the news that a meeting + +11:12.980 --> 11:15.680 +will take place. But some influential + +11:15.680 --> 11:18.700 +circles in America, circles that think in + +11:18.700 --> 11:21.000 +terms of a Cold War, have strong + +11:21.000 --> 11:25.040 +dissatisfaction. At first, Wolfpacker + +11:25.040 --> 11:27.760 +urged the President to highlight the idea + +11:27.760 --> 11:30.560 +altogether. together. Conquered by Kelly + +11:30.560 --> 11:33.920 +and Senator Kate Hart were two of the men + +11:33.920 --> 11:37.140 +who had gestured most previously. Then, + +11:37.140 --> 11:38.740 +after the announcement that the President + +11:38.740 --> 11:41.000 +and Mr. Khrushchev would be meeting in + +11:41.000 --> 11:44.180 +Vienna early in June, these circles began + +11:44.180 --> 11:46.780 +offering Mr. Kennedy advice on how to + +11:46.780 --> 11:50.500 +conduct himself. The history journals for + +11:50.500 --> 11:53.240 +one enjoined him to warn Premier + +11:53.240 --> 11:55.700 +Khrushchev not to negotiate the point. + +11:56.940 --> 11:59.580 +America, according to the Marchants of Big + +11:59.580 --> 12:01.580 +Business, should show the private union + +12:01.580 --> 12:06.360 +that it was strong and firm. Good advice + +12:06.360 --> 12:08.540 +is certainly surprising, to say the least. + +12:09.440 --> 12:11.740 +These councillors as much as urged + +12:11.740 --> 12:14.700 +President Kennedy to try to dictate to the + +12:14.700 --> 12:16.520 +private union some positions of strength, + +12:16.780 --> 12:19.680 +even their HEPA policy has been completely + +12:19.680 --> 12:22.100 +discredited itself, especially over the + +12:22.100 --> 12:24.200 +years of an Eisenhower-Dulles + +12:24.200 --> 12:27.940 +administration. More than once, this + +12:27.940 --> 12:29.900 +polity has brought the world to the brink + +12:29.900 --> 12:33.220 +of war. Remember the provocations against + +12:33.220 --> 12:35.980 +Syria, Iraq and troops landings in + +12:35.980 --> 12:37.920 +Lebanon, which were postponed by the + +12:37.920 --> 12:41.400 +Republic of Iraq, the gangster Utah flight + +12:41.400 --> 12:44.260 +deep into Soviet airspace, and the + +12:44.260 --> 12:47.940 +invasion of Cuba. In that one case, did + +12:47.940 --> 12:50.040 +the United States achieve its purpose by + +12:50.040 --> 12:53.520 +force? But the policies did cause it a lot + +12:53.520 --> 12:56.380 +of unpleasantness. The steam and oil + +12:56.380 --> 13:01.060 +cities set a new low. Last year, during + +13:01.060 --> 13:03.120 +the election campaign, leaders of the + +13:03.120 --> 13:05.500 +Democratic Party slayed the Republican + +13:05.500 --> 13:08.600 +administration for this policy. There was + +13:08.600 --> 13:11.260 +good cause for their criticism, and the + +13:11.260 --> 13:13.940 +attempts made since then to follow in the + +13:13.940 --> 13:16.540 +footsteps of the Eisenhower government in + +13:16.540 --> 13:18.700 +respect to China. And that, for example, + +13:18.820 --> 13:21.420 +has made it more than clear that any + +13:21.420 --> 13:24.280 +continuation of such a policy has an + +13:24.280 --> 13:26.800 +irreparable damage to America's proposed + +13:26.800 --> 13:29.160 +earnest positions in other countries. + +13:30.460 --> 13:33.320 +Neither has a situation the Trump policy + +13:33.320 --> 13:36.020 +benefited the United States, especially in + +13:36.020 --> 13:37.560 +its relations with the Soviet Union. + +13:44.880 --> 13:47.920 +The Soviet Union has always said that a + +13:47.920 --> 13:49.940 +position to change policy toward a + +13:49.940 --> 13:52.900 +socialist country is sure to fail. It + +13:52.900 --> 13:56.300 +always has and always will. The only + +13:56.300 --> 13:59.340 +realistic policy is peace of coexistence, + +13:59.460 --> 14:01.720 +a broad point of the dispute between the + +14:01.720 --> 14:04.020 +Soviet the Syrian early United States on a + +14:04.020 --> 14:09.140 +basis of equality and mutual respect. The + +14:09.140 --> 14:11.340 +late Franklin Bernhardt said, maintain, + +14:11.800 --> 14:14.080 +that good relations with the Soviet Union + +14:14.080 --> 14:16.640 +are the foundation on which more peaceful + +14:16.640 --> 14:19.560 +peace could be strengthened. Referring to + +14:19.560 --> 14:21.440 +the cooperation of the two countries + +14:21.440 --> 14:24.100 +during World War II, Mr. Roosevelt + +14:24.100 --> 14:26.820 +declared there would be no table peace + +14:26.820 --> 14:30.480 +unless these relations were preserved and + +14:30.480 --> 14:33.960 +built up in peace time. The arbitrary + +14:33.960 --> 14:36.380 +purpose that had united the two nations + +14:36.380 --> 14:38.980 +and the constitution of the war, he said, + +14:39.160 --> 14:42.160 +should be pre-transformed into close and + +14:42.160 --> 14:45.040 +lasting cooperation along with other like + +14:45.040 --> 14:47.540 +-minded countries in gaining a fair and + +14:47.540 --> 14:51.220 +lasting peace. If the spirit of Franklin + +14:51.220 --> 14:54.520 +Delano of policy is present at the Vienna + +14:54.520 --> 14:58.060 +meeting. We may expect some progress. We + +14:58.060 --> 15:00.600 +may expect a vindication of people's hope. + +15:00.800 --> 15:03.560 +That personal contact between a head of + +15:03.560 --> 15:06.260 +state of the world's two mightiest powers + +15:06.260 --> 15:08.960 +will improve historic American relations + +15:08.960 --> 15:12.000 +and better the international situation as + +15:12.000 --> 15:15.320 +a whole. You've been listening to a + +15:15.320 --> 15:18.080 +commentary by Leonid Vavilov. It came to + +15:18.080 --> 15:18.780 +you from the studios + +15:26.860 --> 15:29.500 +The various nationalities inhabiting the + +15:29.500 --> 15:32.020 +Soviet Union are described in the talk you + +15:32.020 --> 15:36.600 +hear now. There are more than 200,000,000 + +15:36.600 --> 15:40.220 +,000 people living in the USSR. As for the + +15:40.220 --> 15:42.460 +Chinese People's Republic and immigrants, + +15:42.740 --> 15:45.340 +it has the 4 largest population in the + +15:45.340 --> 15:47.780 +world. The Soviet Union. As soon as the + +15:47.780 --> 15:49.940 +Constitutional Republic comprises the + +15:49.940 --> 15:53.620 +Soviet Union. Of the country's total + +15:53.620 --> 15:55.940 +population, Russians account for a little + +15:55.940 --> 16:00.720 +more than 114 million persons. Armenia 102 + +16:00.720 --> 16:04.080 +million, about 40 million are Ukrainians, + +16:04.180 --> 16:07.560 +some 8 million are Belarusians, and 6 + +16:07.560 --> 16:11.140 +million are U.S.A. Here we will have to + +16:11.140 --> 16:13.580 +start for a complaint matter. The + +16:13.580 --> 16:15.580 +difficulties of the years are which are + +16:15.580 --> 16:16.460 +the most important. take too much time. + +16:16.980 --> 16:19.720 +There are more than 100 different + +16:19.720 --> 16:22.000 +nationalities and peoples in our country. + +16:22.380 --> 16:25.520 +They are all different, both as to the way + +16:25.520 --> 16:27.460 +the people look and the native customs. + +16:28.340 --> 16:30.380 +Some of these peoples live in the foreign + +16:30.380 --> 16:33.360 +world. Others have never been found. + +16:45.580 --> 16:46.260 +I love you. + +17:25.360 --> 17:28.160 +Swa, swa. + +17:34.840 --> 17:37.600 +Ne, ne. + +17:47.120 --> 17:49.720 +devenir, devenir, + +17:58.220 --> 18:02.480 +avoir épuisé, avoir épuisé, + +18:09.140 --> 18:12.120 +davantage, davantage. + +18:14.520 --> 18:15.940 +Bien, messieurs, c'est tout pour aujourd + +18:15.940 --> 18:16.260 +'hui. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/qw237kb3383_a_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/baseline/qw237kb3383_a_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7038fef --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/qw237kb3383_a_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1094 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:15.700 --> 00:19.440 +That is Roscoe. Here is the news read by + +00:19.440 --> 00:22.600 +Sergei Horny. Thanks for the headline. In + +00:22.600 --> 00:24.620 +Geneva, the Italian delegate has supported + +00:24.620 --> 00:27.060 +the Soviet proposal on the Laos question. + +00:27.060 --> 00:31.440 +In Van Zandt, Laos, the population held an + +00:31.440 --> 00:34.900 +anti-American demonstration. Once again + +00:34.900 --> 00:37.700 +racial outbursts are about to flare up in + +00:37.700 --> 00:41.480 +Montgomery, Alabama. Cuba will strive to + +00:41.480 --> 00:44.260 +win back Guantanamo Bay peacefully. April + +00:44.260 --> 00:47.640 +Castro. Nikita Khrushchev met Prime + +00:47.640 --> 00:50.820 +Minister Ali Sadmak of Somalia in Moscow + +00:50.820 --> 00:53.480 +today. The Somali leader has come to the + +00:53.480 --> 00:56.820 +USSR on an official spokesperson. Those + +00:56.820 --> 00:58.680 +are the headlines. They're now part of the + +00:58.680 --> 01:01.420 +session. At the international conference + +01:01.420 --> 01:04.200 +for a Laotian settlement, the Chinese + +01:04.200 --> 01:06.820 +foreign minister Chen Yin announced the + +01:06.820 --> 01:08.620 +Laotian people's striving for independence + +01:08.620 --> 01:10.760 +and insanity proclaimed by the + +01:10.760 --> 01:12.320 +representatives of the royal government + +01:12.320 --> 01:16.420 +and the Patek Laos. The Chinese minister + +01:16.420 --> 01:20.080 +also upheld the Soviet proposal. At the + +01:20.080 --> 01:22.340 +same time, he turned down the American + +01:22.340 --> 01:24.700 +proposals as being incompatible with the + +01:24.700 --> 01:29.160 +Canadian of 1954, and favor T.D.A. as + +01:29.160 --> 01:30.960 +placing Laos under an international + +01:30.960 --> 01:35.540 +condominium. Chen Xi emphasized that in no + +01:35.540 --> 01:37.700 +case could interference in Laos' domestic + +01:37.700 --> 01:41.040 +affairs be tolerated. The Chinese foreign + +01:41.040 --> 01:43.000 +minister also affirmed the international + +01:43.000 --> 01:45.440 +organs proposed by the Americans to + +01:45.440 --> 01:48.240 +control the foreign aid received by Laos + +01:48.240 --> 01:50.500 +as being incompatible with Laos' + +01:50.540 --> 01:54.040 +sovereignty. You are bound to say that + +01:54.040 --> 01:56.420 +peace and security could not be ensured in + +01:56.420 --> 01:59.100 +Asia until the United States stopped its + +01:59.100 --> 02:00.580 +policy of interference and aggression + +02:00.580 --> 02:03.540 +against the countries of Asia. The threat + +02:03.540 --> 02:05.260 +to the peace and security in Southeast + +02:05.260 --> 02:08.300 +Asia, including Laos, stems from the + +02:08.300 --> 02:09.960 +policy of aggression and interference + +02:09.960 --> 02:12.660 +pursued by the United States and the CETA + +02:12.660 --> 02:16.260 +war bloc. Cheney expressed the point that + +02:16.260 --> 02:18.560 +peace and security in Southeast Asia could + +02:18.560 --> 02:21.160 +only be guaranteed when the United States + +02:21.160 --> 02:23.940 +stops its aggression and its efforts, and + +02:23.940 --> 02:26.180 +when a peace area is formed in Southeast + +02:26.180 --> 02:29.080 +Asia in place of the CTO military bloc. + +02:29.960 --> 02:32.300 +The Chinese delegate further pointed out + +02:32.300 --> 02:34.480 +that the two proposals put forward by the + +02:34.480 --> 02:37.300 +Soviet Union for a Laotian settlement stem + +02:37.300 --> 02:39.100 +from principles as we've expressed for + +02:39.100 --> 02:41.560 +years as independence and sovereignty, and + +02:41.560 --> 02:43.360 +dovetail with the Geneva agreements of + +02:43.360 --> 02:48.040 +1954. The Chinese delegation believes that + +02:48.040 --> 02:50.460 +the Soviet report should serve as a basis + +02:50.460 --> 02:53.060 +for discussion with the government and as + +02:53.060 --> 02:56.400 +a basis for agreement. Chen added that + +02:56.400 --> 02:58.780 +other delegations had also made proposals + +02:58.780 --> 03:02.460 +for a Lao-Chi settlement. We are prepared, + +03:02.700 --> 03:04.700 +he said, in the course of discussion and + +03:04.700 --> 03:07.240 +consultations, to thoroughly study and + +03:07.240 --> 03:09.660 +consider all that is constructed in these + +03:09.660 --> 03:12.680 +proposals. The next to speak was the + +03:12.680 --> 03:15.100 +Foreign Minister of Thailand, Thanat + +03:15.100 --> 03:17.900 +Ketne. In violation of the agreement + +03:17.900 --> 03:20.600 +reached on who is to represent laws at the + +03:20.600 --> 03:22.560 +conference, he proposed that + +03:22.560 --> 03:24.460 +representatives of all Russian political + +03:24.460 --> 03:26.480 +parties be included in the number of + +03:26.480 --> 03:29.720 +negotiators. The chairman, Georgi Pushkin, + +03:29.820 --> 03:33.020 +of the USSR, explained the situation to + +03:33.020 --> 03:35.300 +the Thailand representative. The former + +03:35.300 --> 03:37.760 +Thailand foreign minister had been linked + +03:37.760 --> 03:40.540 +to the opening of the conference and was + +03:40.540 --> 03:42.540 +unaware that these points had been cleared + +03:42.540 --> 03:44.960 +up prior to the opening of the talks. + +03:46.120 --> 03:48.600 +Georgi Puskin further announced that at + +03:48.600 --> 03:50.420 +the request of a number of delegations, + +03:50.440 --> 03:53.180 +the conference would adjourn for two to + +03:53.180 --> 03:55.800 +three days to enable the delegates to + +03:55.800 --> 03:58.500 +examine the proposals and perhaps prepare + +03:58.500 --> 04:01.240 +their own. The next meeting will be called + +04:01.240 --> 04:06.020 +no later than on Monday, he said. In Vang + +04:06.020 --> 04:08.300 +Vieng, Laos, meanwhile, the population + +04:08.300 --> 04:11.060 +held a meeting and demonstration in + +04:11.060 --> 04:13.500 +protest against American imperialism by + +04:13.500 --> 04:16.080 +the Samarnakheti, who are trying to + +04:16.080 --> 04:18.420 +torpedo the conference in Geneva and the + +04:18.420 --> 04:21.380 +park in Namon. The head of the royal + +04:21.380 --> 04:23.660 +government's delegation at the Namon Park + +04:23.660 --> 04:26.440 +described a policy of genuine peace and + +04:26.440 --> 04:28.600 +neutrality to the end of the political + +04:28.600 --> 04:31.500 +program of the oil government. The head of + +04:31.500 --> 04:34.120 +the Pataslao delegation at the talk urged + +04:34.120 --> 04:36.620 +all Laotians to rally around the + +04:36.620 --> 04:38.520 +legitimate government headed by Prince + +04:38.520 --> 04:40.920 +Sivanapuma, who to support his political + +04:40.920 --> 04:43.720 +program had to work energetically for a + +04:43.720 --> 04:48.900 +generally peaceful and neutral world. The + +04:48.900 --> 04:51.020 +Democratic Republic of Vietnam is being + +04:51.020 --> 04:53.020 +swept by a wave of protest demonstrations + +04:53.460 --> 04:55.160 +against the aggressor actions of the + +04:55.160 --> 04:58.220 +United States and South Vietnam. Dozens of + +04:58.220 --> 05:00.100 +petitions from public organizations and + +05:00.100 --> 05:02.520 +political parties demanding a stop to + +05:02.520 --> 05:04.180 +American aggressive action on behalf of + +05:04.180 --> 05:06.720 +Vietnam have been sent to the co-chairs of + +05:06.720 --> 05:08.500 +the Geneva Conference and to the + +05:08.500 --> 05:10.120 +International Inspection and Control + +05:10.120 --> 05:14.220 +Commission in Vietnam. American factors, + +05:14.460 --> 05:16.880 +members of the Lincoln-Rockwell Nazi + +05:16.880 --> 05:19.400 +Organization, have arrived in Montgomery, + +05:19.700 --> 05:22.520 +Alabama to help the local Ku Klux Klan + +05:22.520 --> 05:25.740 +members. The Brown Theater's Sponsor + +05:25.740 --> 05:28.780 +Command Enforcement has declared that they + +05:28.780 --> 05:31.000 +will wipe out the participants of the + +05:31.000 --> 05:35.780 +Freedom Line. Judging from all this, blood + +05:35.780 --> 05:38.140 +will be spilled in Montgomery once again. + +05:40.700 --> 05:43.220 +Martin Sleety King, leader of the Fox + +05:43.220 --> 05:45.380 +News, a community progress of the colored + +05:45.380 --> 05:47.400 +people, told a press conference in + +05:47.400 --> 05:49.560 +Montgomery West today that the opponents + +05:49.560 --> 05:52.040 +of racial discrimination were before to + +05:52.040 --> 05:55.200 +continue the Freedom Riders. The New Gray + +05:55.200 --> 05:57.080 +leaders said that despite all the racial + +05:57.080 --> 05:59.320 +lawlessness, threats, and brute force + +05:59.320 --> 06:01.600 +confronting the Freedom Riders, they would + +06:01.600 --> 06:04.560 +not stop what they had spoken. Mr. King + +06:04.560 --> 06:06.880 +said that another eight racial segregation + +06:06.880 --> 06:09.420 +opponents had arrived in Montgomery from + +06:09.420 --> 06:12.000 +Nashville, Tennessee, to join the Freedom + +06:12.000 --> 06:16.340 +Riders. The American press, as well as the + +06:16.340 --> 06:18.280 +world, said, has been extensively + +06:18.280 --> 06:20.080 +commenting the racial outbursts in + +06:20.080 --> 06:22.240 +Alabama. For example, the Washington Post + +06:22.240 --> 06:24.600 +and Times-Herald wrote that there was not + +06:24.600 --> 06:26.740 +a shadow of a doubt that the cruelty and + +06:26.740 --> 06:29.080 +beatings in Alabama were getting headline + +06:29.080 --> 06:31.960 +stories in many world papers. The + +06:31.960 --> 06:34.120 +Washington paper wrote that there was no + +06:34.120 --> 06:35.960 +way of estimating the damage done to + +06:35.960 --> 06:37.960 +America's prestige by the racial riots. + +06:38.920 --> 06:40.740 +The British Yorkshire Post spitefully + +06:40.740 --> 06:43.120 +commented that the racial slurs in America + +06:43.120 --> 06:45.060 +would hardly help the American president + +06:45.060 --> 06:47.100 +to convince the media media and + +06:47.100 --> 06:49.180 +underdeveloped countries that the United + +06:49.180 --> 06:51.760 +States was carrying a torch showing them + +06:51.760 --> 06:54.840 +the way to freedom and democracy. Cotão + +06:54.840 --> 06:57.520 +Osocava, a radio personal commentator, + +06:57.540 --> 06:59.440 +characteristically remarked that the New + +06:59.440 --> 07:01.800 +Hope question was a dirty spot in the + +07:01.800 --> 07:05.600 +history of the United States. Speaking at + +07:05.600 --> 07:08.340 +a meeting in Santiago, Cuba, Defense + +07:08.340 --> 07:11.320 +Minister Raul Castro declared that the + +07:11.320 --> 07:14.440 +American naval base of Guantanamo was a + +07:14.440 --> 07:16.720 +constant hotbed of provocation against + +07:16.720 --> 07:21.540 +Cuba. American planes, says Al Costo, have + +07:21.540 --> 07:24.500 +recently violated Cuban airspace 259 + +07:24.500 --> 07:27.880 +times. They made provocative flights over + +07:27.880 --> 07:30.600 +Cuban territory and photographed it. In + +07:30.600 --> 07:32.840 +conclusion, the Cuban minister said that + +07:32.840 --> 07:34.800 +the Republic of Cuba would spare no effort + +07:34.800 --> 07:36.980 +to liquidating that American base in Cuba + +07:36.980 --> 07:41.700 +through peaceful raids. In New York, our + +07:41.700 --> 07:43.540 +Radio Moscow correspondent sent us the + +07:43.540 --> 07:45.900 +following dispatch. The failure of the + +07:45.900 --> 07:48.400 +Cuban invasion has intensified the clash + +07:48.400 --> 07:50.420 +between individual groups of the Cuban + +07:50.420 --> 07:51.860 +counter-revolutionaries in the United + +07:51.860 --> 07:55.080 +States. For example, the Emanuela Reyes + +07:55.080 --> 07:57.900 +group asked for it from the so-called + +07:57.900 --> 08:00.680 +Revolutionary Council Uniting Reactionary + +08:00.680 --> 08:03.260 +Emigrants. A person of that group said + +08:03.260 --> 08:05.000 +that with a blessing from the Central + +08:05.000 --> 08:07.880 +Intelligence Agency, the Revolutionary + +08:07.880 --> 08:10.140 +Council so called, was enlisting + +08:10.140 --> 08:13.040 +supporters of ex-dictator Batista for a + +08:13.040 --> 08:15.980 +new mercenary army without supporting the + +08:15.980 --> 08:18.860 +rare group. The New York Times reports + +08:18.860 --> 08:21.180 +that the rare group had received + +08:21.180 --> 08:23.760 +information from its agents in Cuba that + +08:23.760 --> 08:25.960 +underground activity there was almost + +08:25.960 --> 08:28.080 +impossible since there was not a single + +08:28.080 --> 08:28.460 +house + +08:31.200 --> 08:34.100 +The Afro-Asian delegation at the United + +08:34.100 --> 08:36.020 +Nations has come to the conclusion that + +08:36.020 --> 08:38.840 +the situation in Portuguese Angola could + +08:38.840 --> 08:41.720 +be discussed by the Security Council. The + +08:41.720 --> 08:43.860 +French news agency says that they may call + +08:43.860 --> 08:45.840 +for a meeting of the Security Council in + +08:45.840 --> 08:48.460 +the near future. The Prime Minister of + +08:48.460 --> 08:51.540 +Somalia, Abdirahid Ali Canemar, has + +08:51.540 --> 08:54.920 +arrived in Moscow on an official visit. He + +08:54.920 --> 08:56.700 +was led to the airfield by members of the + +08:56.700 --> 08:58.580 +civil service headed by the chairman of + +08:58.580 --> 08:59.880 +the council of ministries Nikita + +08:59.880 --> 09:02.340 +Khrushchev and other officials. The + +09:02.340 --> 09:04.080 +diplomatic corps were also at the + +09:04.080 --> 09:06.180 +airfield. A big crowd thwarted the + +09:06.180 --> 09:08.620 +statement made by the two prime ministers. + +09:10.200 --> 09:12.480 +Nikita Khrushchev said that the civil + +09:12.480 --> 09:14.220 +service people follow in great sympathy + +09:14.220 --> 09:16.460 +the efforts made by the Somali and other + +09:16.460 --> 09:18.500 +peoples of Africa who have rid themselves + +09:18.500 --> 09:21.080 +of the fetters of of colonialism and who + +09:21.080 --> 09:23.260 +are now trying to liquidate the burdensome + +09:23.260 --> 09:25.500 +heritage of the past and to further + +09:25.500 --> 09:28.820 +strengthen their national independence. We + +09:28.820 --> 09:30.840 +wish them all success in this, added + +09:30.840 --> 09:33.480 +Nikita Pujan. He also noted the + +09:33.480 --> 09:36.100 +satisfaction of wonderful views of the + +09:36.100 --> 09:38.580 +Somali and Soviet governments on a number + +09:38.580 --> 09:41.360 +of major international issues that came to + +09:41.360 --> 09:43.860 +light during the recent negotiations and + +09:43.860 --> 09:46.020 +from the exchanges of opinions between the + +09:46.020 --> 09:48.600 +Soviet goodwill missions and the Somali + +09:48.600 --> 09:51.220 +government. We are satisfied, he went on, + +09:51.360 --> 09:53.300 +that friendly relations have been + +09:53.300 --> 09:55.420 +established and are successfully + +09:55.420 --> 09:58.020 +developing between the Soviet Union and + +09:58.020 --> 10:00.600 +the Somali Republic, relations founded on + +10:00.600 --> 10:02.960 +principles of mutual respect and non + +10:02.960 --> 10:04.360 +-interference in the best of the terms. + +10:05.280 --> 10:08.000 +Nikita Khrushchev stressed the point that + +10:08.000 --> 10:10.160 +there are broad possibilities for a + +10:10.160 --> 10:12.060 +further spiritual development of serious + +10:12.060 --> 10:14.540 +Somali relations. For successful economic + +10:14.540 --> 10:17.200 +cooperation between the two countries and + +10:17.200 --> 10:18.980 +a putting of a critical and mutual + +10:18.980 --> 10:23.600 +benefit. Speaking in reply, Abdi Dacid Ali + +10:23.600 --> 10:26.220 +Shatambar expressed gratitude for the + +10:26.220 --> 10:28.060 +cause of the revolution. The powerful + +10:28.060 --> 10:30.140 +arrival of a goodwill mission from Somali + +10:30.140 --> 10:32.540 +is an important stage in the Republic's + +10:32.540 --> 10:35.140 +historical development. It not only shows + +10:35.140 --> 10:37.220 +the independence of our country, he added, + +10:37.360 --> 10:40.500 +but the independence of its policy. We + +10:40.500 --> 10:42.580 +hope that relations and cooperation will + +10:42.580 --> 10:44.700 +continue to develop in the future, said + +10:44.700 --> 10:47.340 +Somali Prime Minister El-Bassar. And + +10:47.340 --> 10:49.260 +that's the end of the news broadcast to + +10:49.260 --> 10:49.940 +you from Radio Moscow. + +10:55.340 --> 10:59.300 +Our commentary is now over. Here is what + +10:59.300 --> 11:03.300 +he writes. American newspapers have long + +11:03.300 --> 11:05.520 +been discussing the question of a meeting + +11:05.520 --> 11:07.500 +between President Kennedy and Premier + +11:07.500 --> 11:11.060 +Fouchal. All the while, the reaction has + +11:11.060 --> 11:12.980 +been favorable to the news that a meeting + +11:12.980 --> 11:15.680 +will take place. But some influential + +11:15.680 --> 11:18.700 +circles in America, circles that think in + +11:18.700 --> 11:21.000 +terms of a Cold War, have strong + +11:21.000 --> 11:25.040 +dissatisfaction. At first, Wolfpacker + +11:25.040 --> 11:27.760 +urged the President to highlight the idea + +11:27.760 --> 11:30.560 +altogether. together. Conquered by Kelly + +11:30.560 --> 11:33.920 +and Senator Kate Hart were two of the men + +11:33.920 --> 11:37.140 +who had gestured most previously. Then, + +11:37.140 --> 11:38.740 +after the announcement that the President + +11:38.740 --> 11:41.000 +and Mr. Khrushchev would be meeting in + +11:41.000 --> 11:44.180 +Vienna early in June, these circles began + +11:44.180 --> 11:46.780 +offering Mr. Kennedy advice on how to + +11:46.780 --> 11:50.500 +conduct himself. The history journals for + +11:50.500 --> 11:53.240 +one enjoined him to warn Premier + +11:53.240 --> 11:55.700 +Khrushchev not to negotiate the point. + +11:56.940 --> 11:59.580 +America, according to the Marchants of Big + +11:59.580 --> 12:01.580 +Business, should show the private union + +12:01.580 --> 12:06.360 +that it was strong and firm. Good advice + +12:06.360 --> 12:08.540 +is certainly surprising, to say the least. + +12:09.440 --> 12:11.740 +These councillors as much as urged + +12:11.740 --> 12:14.700 +President Kennedy to try to dictate to the + +12:14.700 --> 12:16.520 +private union some positions of strength, + +12:16.780 --> 12:19.680 +even their HEPA policy has been completely + +12:19.680 --> 12:22.100 +discredited itself, especially over the + +12:22.100 --> 12:24.200 +years of an Eisenhower-Dulles + +12:24.200 --> 12:27.940 +administration. More than once, this + +12:27.940 --> 12:29.900 +polity has brought the world to the brink + +12:29.900 --> 12:33.220 +of war. Remember the provocations against + +12:33.220 --> 12:35.980 +Syria, Iraq and troops landings in + +12:35.980 --> 12:37.920 +Lebanon, which were postponed by the + +12:37.920 --> 12:41.400 +Republic of Iraq, the gangster Utah flight + +12:41.400 --> 12:44.260 +deep into Soviet airspace, and the + +12:44.260 --> 12:47.940 +invasion of Cuba. In that one case, did + +12:47.940 --> 12:50.040 +the United States achieve its purpose by + +12:50.040 --> 12:53.520 +force? But the policies did cause it a lot + +12:53.520 --> 12:56.380 +of unpleasantness. The steam and oil + +12:56.380 --> 13:01.060 +cities set a new low. Last year, during + +13:01.060 --> 13:03.120 +the election campaign, leaders of the + +13:03.120 --> 13:05.500 +Democratic Party slayed the Republican + +13:05.500 --> 13:08.600 +administration for this policy. There was + +13:08.600 --> 13:11.260 +good cause for their criticism, and the + +13:11.260 --> 13:13.940 +attempts made since then to follow in the + +13:13.940 --> 13:16.540 +footsteps of the Eisenhower government in + +13:16.540 --> 13:18.700 +respect to China. And that, for example, + +13:18.820 --> 13:21.420 +has made it more than clear that any + +13:21.420 --> 13:24.280 +continuation of such a policy has an + +13:24.280 --> 13:26.800 +irreparable damage to America's proposed + +13:26.800 --> 13:29.160 +earnest positions in other countries. + +13:30.460 --> 13:33.320 +Neither has a situation the Trump policy + +13:33.320 --> 13:36.020 +benefited the United States, especially in + +13:36.020 --> 13:37.560 +its relations with the Soviet Union. + +13:44.880 --> 13:47.920 +The Soviet Union has always said that a + +13:47.920 --> 13:49.940 +position to change policy toward a + +13:49.940 --> 13:52.900 +socialist country is sure to fail. It + +13:52.900 --> 13:56.300 +always has and always will. The only + +13:56.300 --> 13:59.340 +realistic policy is peace of coexistence, + +13:59.460 --> 14:01.720 +a broad point of the dispute between the + +14:01.720 --> 14:04.020 +Soviet the Syrian early United States on a + +14:04.020 --> 14:09.140 +basis of equality and mutual respect. The + +14:09.140 --> 14:11.340 +late Franklin Bernhardt said, maintain, + +14:11.800 --> 14:14.080 +that good relations with the Soviet Union + +14:14.080 --> 14:16.640 +are the foundation on which more peaceful + +14:16.640 --> 14:19.560 +peace could be strengthened. Referring to + +14:19.560 --> 14:21.440 +the cooperation of the two countries + +14:21.440 --> 14:24.100 +during World War II, Mr. Roosevelt + +14:24.100 --> 14:26.820 +declared there would be no table peace + +14:26.820 --> 14:30.480 +unless these relations were preserved and + +14:30.480 --> 14:33.960 +built up in peace time. The arbitrary + +14:33.960 --> 14:36.380 +purpose that had united the two nations + +14:36.380 --> 14:38.980 +and the constitution of the war, he said, + +14:39.160 --> 14:42.160 +should be pre-transformed into close and + +14:42.160 --> 14:45.040 +lasting cooperation along with other like + +14:45.040 --> 14:47.540 +-minded countries in gaining a fair and + +14:47.540 --> 14:51.220 +lasting peace. If the spirit of Franklin + +14:51.220 --> 14:54.520 +Delano of policy is present at the Vienna + +14:54.520 --> 14:58.060 +meeting. We may expect some progress. We + +14:58.060 --> 15:00.600 +may expect a vindication of people's hope. + +15:00.800 --> 15:03.560 +That personal contact between a head of + +15:03.560 --> 15:06.260 +state of the world's two mightiest powers + +15:06.260 --> 15:08.960 +will improve historic American relations + +15:08.960 --> 15:12.000 +and better the international situation as + +15:12.000 --> 15:15.320 +a whole. You've been listening to a + +15:15.320 --> 15:18.080 +commentary by Leonid Vavilov. It came to + +15:18.080 --> 15:18.780 +you from the studios + +15:26.860 --> 15:29.500 +The various nationalities inhabiting the + +15:29.500 --> 15:32.020 +Soviet Union are described in the talk you + +15:32.020 --> 15:36.600 +hear now. There are more than 200,000,000 + +15:36.600 --> 15:40.220 +,000 people living in the USSR. As for the + +15:40.220 --> 15:42.460 +Chinese People's Republic and immigrants, + +15:42.740 --> 15:45.340 +it has the 4 largest population in the + +15:45.340 --> 15:47.780 +world. The Soviet Union. As soon as the + +15:47.780 --> 15:49.940 +Constitutional Republic comprises the + +15:49.940 --> 15:53.620 +Soviet Union. Of the country's total + +15:53.620 --> 15:55.940 +population, Russians account for a little + +15:55.940 --> 16:00.720 +more than 114 million persons. Armenia 102 + +16:00.720 --> 16:04.080 +million, about 40 million are Ukrainians, + +16:04.180 --> 16:07.560 +some 8 million are Belarusians, and 6 + +16:07.560 --> 16:11.140 +million are U.S.A. Here we will have to + +16:11.140 --> 16:13.580 +start for a complaint matter. The + +16:13.580 --> 16:15.580 +difficulties of the years are which are + +16:15.580 --> 16:16.460 +the most important. take too much time. + +16:16.980 --> 16:19.720 +There are more than 100 different + +16:19.720 --> 16:22.000 +nationalities and peoples in our country. + +16:22.380 --> 16:25.520 +They are all different, both as to the way + +16:25.520 --> 16:27.460 +the people look and the native customs. + +16:28.340 --> 16:30.380 +Some of these peoples live in the foreign + +16:30.380 --> 16:33.360 +world. Others have never been found. + +16:45.580 --> 16:46.260 +I love you. + +17:27.820 --> 17:28.520 +9. + +17:37.760 --> 17:38.340 +10. + +17:47.080 --> 17:50.280 +devenir devenir devenir + +17:58.220 --> 18:02.420 +avoir épuisé avoir épuisé + +18:10.980 --> 18:15.420 +davantage davantage bien messieurs c'est + +18:15.420 --> 18:16.260 +tout pour aujourd'hui + diff --git a/docs/baseline/qw237kb3383_b_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/qw237kb3383_b_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d32d00 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/qw237kb3383_b_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,713 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:04.980 +1.5 + +00:04.980 --> 00:11.940 +kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg + +00:11.940 --> 00:15.920 +kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg + +00:15.920 --> 00:18.260 +kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg + +00:18.260 --> 00:21.060 +kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg + +00:21.060 --> 00:28.000 +kvartal + +00:36.880 --> 00:38.480 +Bonjour, messieurs, ici Côte de France + +00:38.480 --> 00:41.700 +153. Tout d'abord, écoutez la sélection + +00:41.700 --> 00:43.540 +que je vais vous lire, et après, répondez + +00:43.540 --> 00:44.860 +aux questions que je vais vous poser. + +00:45.320 --> 00:46.700 +First of all, listen to the paragraph + +00:46.700 --> 00:49.140 +which I'm going to read you, then answer + +00:49.140 --> 00:51.220 +the questions which I will ask you. I will + +00:51.220 --> 00:53.740 +read each selection twice. It will be + +00:53.740 --> 00:57.900 +fairly short. Le soir où descendant pour + +00:57.900 --> 01:01.280 +dîner, je ne porterai pas mon coup, l'aqua + +01:01.280 --> 01:04.460 +d'améthyste que tu aimes, comprendras-tu + +01:04.460 --> 01:08.660 +que ce sera mon dernier soir? Mais sauras + +01:08.660 --> 01:11.760 +-tu partir, reprit-elle, sans larmes, sans + +01:11.760 --> 01:15.240 +soupirs, sans adieux? Je te quitterai ce + +01:15.240 --> 01:17.120 +dernier soir comme je l'aurais fait la + +01:17.120 --> 01:19.640 +veille. C'est simplement que tu te + +01:19.640 --> 01:22.600 +demanderas d'abord, n'aurait-il pas + +01:22.600 --> 01:25.600 +compris? « Mais quand tu me chercheras le + +01:25.600 --> 01:28.480 +lendemain matin, simplement, je ne serai + +01:28.480 --> 01:32.080 +plus là. » Je répète. « Le soir où + +01:32.080 --> 01:34.520 +descendant pour dîner, je ne porterai pas + +01:34.520 --> 01:36.420 +à mon cou la croix d'un métiste que tu + +01:36.420 --> 01:39.720 +aimes, comprendras-tu. » « Que ce sera mon + +01:39.720 --> 01:42.420 +dernier soir. » « Mais sauras-tu partir, + +01:42.720 --> 01:45.680 +reprit-elle, sans larmes, sans soupirs, + +01:45.820 --> 01:48.540 +sans adieux. » « Je te quitterai ce + +01:48.540 --> 01:50.220 +dernier soir comme je l'aurais fait la + +01:50.220 --> 01:52.440 +veille. » Si simplement que tu te + +01:52.440 --> 01:55.240 +demanderas d'abord, n'aurais-tu pas + +01:55.240 --> 01:58.340 +compris? Mais quand tu me chercheras le + +01:58.340 --> 02:01.220 +lendemain matin, simplement je ne serai + +02:01.220 --> 02:06.240 +plus là. Et bien les questions. Qu'est-ce + +02:06.240 --> 02:08.940 +qu'il va porter en descendant pour dîner? + +02:21.840 --> 02:24.000 +Deuxième question. Qu'est-ce que ça va + +02:24.000 --> 02:24.380 +indiquer? + +02:35.980 --> 02:38.120 +Comment est-ce qu'elle veut qu'il parte? + +02:38.580 --> 02:40.300 +Comment est-ce qu'elle veut qu'il parte? + +02:50.140 --> 02:52.480 +Est-ce qu'il va partir sans lui parler? + +03:03.260 --> 03:05.340 +Qu'est-ce qu'elle ne va pas trouver le + +03:05.340 --> 03:07.540 +lendemain matin? Qu'est-ce qu'elle ne va + +03:07.540 --> 03:09.160 +pas trouver le lendemain matin? + +03:17.760 --> 03:21.080 +Deuxième sélection. Le lendemain, je ne te + +03:21.080 --> 03:24.040 +chercherai plus. Elle me tendait la main, + +03:24.180 --> 03:27.300 +comme je la portais à mes lèvres, d'ici le + +03:27.300 --> 03:29.640 +soir fatal des gens corps, par une + +03:29.640 --> 03:31.880 +allusion qui ne me fasse rien pressentir. + +03:31.880 --> 03:35.520 +« Toi, fasse une allusion à la séparation + +03:35.520 --> 03:38.860 +qui suivra. » Il fallait à présent rompre + +03:38.860 --> 03:41.400 +la gêne que la solennité de se revoir + +03:41.400 --> 03:44.600 +risquait d'élever entre nous. Je voudrais + +03:44.600 --> 03:46.680 +tant, repris-je, que ces quelques jours + +03:46.680 --> 03:49.320 +près de toi nous paraissent pareils à d + +03:49.320 --> 03:51.780 +'autres jours. Je veux dire, ne pas + +03:51.780 --> 03:53.820 +sentir, tous deux, qu'ils sont + +03:53.820 --> 03:58.400 +exceptionnels. Et puis, si nous pouvions + +03:58.400 --> 04:00.380 +ne pas trop chercher à causer d'abord, + +04:00.380 --> 04:04.220 +Elle se mit à rire. J'ajoutais, « N'y a-t + +04:04.220 --> 04:05.680 +-il rien à quoi nous puissions nous + +04:05.680 --> 04:10.720 +occuper ensemble? » Je répète, « Le + +04:10.720 --> 04:13.440 +lendemain, je ne te chercherai plus. » + +04:30.380 --> 04:33.600 +risqué d'élever entre nous. Je voudrais + +04:33.600 --> 04:36.300 +tant, repris, que ces quelques jours près + +04:36.300 --> 04:38.080 +de toi nous paraissent pareils à d'autres + +04:38.080 --> 04:41.180 +jours. Je veux dire ne pas sentir, tous + +04:41.180 --> 04:44.100 +deux, qu'ils sont exceptionnels. Et puis, + +04:44.260 --> 04:47.100 +si nous pouvions ne pas trop chercher à + +04:47.100 --> 04:50.220 +causer d'abord. Elle se mit à rire. J + +04:50.220 --> 04:52.520 +'ajoutais, n'y a-t-il rien à quoi nous + +04:52.520 --> 04:53.920 +puissions nous occuper ensemble? + +04:55.520 --> 04:58.660 +Maintenant, les questions. Est-ce que je + +04:58.660 --> 05:00.980 +vais aller chercher le lendemain? Est-ce + +05:00.980 --> 05:02.420 +qu'elle va le chercher le lendemain? + +05:12.200 --> 05:14.700 +Qu'est-ce qu'elle lui t'en dit? Qu'est-ce + +05:14.700 --> 05:15.480 +qu'elle lui t'en dit? + +05:26.800 --> 05:30.200 +Qu'est-ce qu'il a porté à sa bouche? + +05:34.800 --> 05:38.620 +Des phrases longues et complètes. Complete + +05:38.620 --> 05:39.020 +sentences. + +05:43.960 --> 05:46.580 +Troisième question. Est-ce qu'on va parler + +05:46.580 --> 05:47.760 +encore de ce soir? + +06:00.120 --> 06:02.620 +Prochaine question. Pourquoi le soir + +06:02.620 --> 06:03.320 +fatal? + +06:15.940 --> 06:18.300 +Prochaine question. Pourquoi sont ces + +06:18.300 --> 06:19.860 +jours qu'ils vont passer ensemble + +06:19.860 --> 06:20.880 +exceptionnels? + +06:37.540 --> 06:41.700 +Prochaine question. Elle a ri. Pourquoi + +06:41.700 --> 06:44.460 +rit-elle? Pourquoi rit-elle? + +06:56.520 --> 06:59.000 +Prochaine question. Qu'est-ce qu'il lui + +06:59.000 --> 07:01.700 +demande à la fin? Qu'est-ce qu'il lui + +07:01.700 --> 07:02.940 +demande à la fin? + +07:11.300 --> 07:14.060 +Prochaine question. De tout temps, nous + +07:14.060 --> 07:16.800 +avions pris plaisir au jardinage. Un + +07:16.800 --> 07:19.000 +jardinier sans expérience remplaçait l + +07:19.000 --> 07:21.540 +'ancien depuis peu, et le jardin abandonné + +07:21.540 --> 07:23.880 +durant deux mois offrait beaucoup à faire. + +07:24.740 --> 07:27.560 +Des rosiers étaient mal taillés. Certains, + +07:27.560 --> 07:29.680 +à végétation puissante, restaient + +07:29.680 --> 07:32.300 +encombrés de bois morts. D'autres, + +07:32.480 --> 07:35.660 +grimpants, coulaient mal soutenus. Des + +07:35.660 --> 07:38.840 +gourmands en épuisent d'autres. La plupart + +07:38.840 --> 07:41.520 +avaient été greffés par nous. Nous + +07:41.520 --> 07:44.640 +reconnaissions nos élèves. Les soins qu + +07:44.640 --> 07:45.840 +'ils réclamaient nous occupèrent + +07:45.840 --> 07:47.280 +longuement et nous permurent les trois + +07:47.280 --> 07:49.500 +premiers jours de beaucoup parler sans + +07:49.500 --> 07:51.900 +rien dire de grave, et lorsque nous nous + +07:51.900 --> 07:54.020 +taisions d'un point à sentir peser le + +07:54.020 --> 07:57.600 +silence. De tout temps, nous avions pris + +07:57.600 --> 08:00.500 +plaisir au jardinage. Un jardinier sans + +08:00.500 --> 08:02.860 +expérience remplacé l'ancien depuis peu, + +08:02.960 --> 08:05.800 +et le jardin abandonné durant deux mois + +08:05.800 --> 08:08.420 +offrait beaucoup à faire. Les rosiers + +08:08.420 --> 08:11.040 +étaient mal taillés. Certaines végétations + +08:11.040 --> 08:13.020 +puissantes restaient encombrées de bois + +08:13.020 --> 08:16.060 +morts. D'autres, grimpant, coulaient, mal + +08:16.060 --> 08:18.800 +soutenus. Des gourmands en épuisent d + +08:18.800 --> 08:21.180 +'autres. La plupart avaient été greffés + +08:21.180 --> 08:23.940 +par nous. Nous reconnaissions nos élèves. + +08:24.300 --> 08:26.100 +Les soins qu'ils réclamaient nous + +08:26.100 --> 08:27.800 +occupèrent longuement et nous permirent + +08:27.800 --> 08:29.760 +les trois premiers jours de beaucoup + +08:29.760 --> 08:32.240 +parler sans rien dire de grave et lorsque + +08:32.240 --> 08:34.680 +nous nous taisions, d'un point sentir + +08:34.680 --> 08:38.160 +peser le silence. Maintenant les + +08:38.160 --> 08:40.000 +questions. Où est-ce qu'ils vont + +08:40.000 --> 08:41.700 +travailler? Où est-ce qu'ils vont + +08:41.700 --> 08:42.100 +travailler? + +08:54.240 --> 08:58.400 +Deuxième question. Pourquoi le jardin a-t + +08:58.400 --> 08:59.340 +-il besoin de travail? + +09:11.060 --> 09:13.920 +Troisième question. En quel état sont les + +09:13.920 --> 09:17.140 +rosiers? En quel état sont les rosiers? + +09:25.380 --> 09:28.320 +Troisième question. Pourquoi vont-ils + +09:28.320 --> 09:31.820 +travailler au jardin? Pourquoi vont-ils + +09:31.820 --> 09:33.160 +travailler au jardin? + +09:43.600 --> 09:46.640 +Prochaine question. De quoi parlent-ils + +09:46.640 --> 09:49.800 +les trois premiers jours? De quoi parlent + +09:49.800 --> 09:51.040 +-ils les trois premiers jours? + +10:00.460 --> 10:03.280 +Prochaine sélection. C'est ainsi que nous + +10:03.280 --> 10:05.580 +reprime l'habitude l'un l'autre. Je + +10:05.580 --> 10:07.680 +comptais sur cette accoutumance plus que + +10:07.680 --> 10:10.540 +sur n'importe quelle explication. Le + +10:10.540 --> 10:12.920 +souvenir même de notre séparation déjà s + +10:12.920 --> 10:16.240 +'effacé entre nous, et déjà diminué cette + +10:16.240 --> 10:19.160 +crainte que souvent je sentais en elle. + +10:19.160 --> 10:21.580 +Cette contraction de l'âme qu'elle + +10:21.580 --> 10:24.840 +craignait en moi Alissa, plus jeune qu'à + +10:24.840 --> 10:27.240 +ma triste visite d'automne, ne m'avait + +10:27.240 --> 10:29.960 +jamais paru plus jolie Je ne l'avais pas + +10:29.960 --> 10:33.000 +encore embrassée Chaque soir, je revoyais + +10:33.000 --> 10:35.980 +sur son corsage, retenu par une chaînette + +10:35.980 --> 10:39.100 +d'or, la petite croix d'un métiste brillé + +10:39.100 --> 10:41.980 +En confiance, l'espoir renaissait dans mon + +10:41.980 --> 10:45.540 +cœur Que dis-je, espoir? C'était déjà de l + +10:45.540 --> 10:48.320 +'assurance et que j'imaginais sentir + +10:48.320 --> 10:52.300 +également chez Alissa, car je doutais si + +10:52.300 --> 10:54.200 +peu de moi que je ne pouvais plus douter d + +10:54.200 --> 10:57.140 +'elle. Peu à peu, nos propos sont à dire. + +10:59.340 --> 11:02.180 +Je répète, c'est ainsi que nous reprimons + +11:02.180 --> 11:04.120 +l'habitude l'un de l'autre, et je comptais + +11:04.120 --> 11:05.800 +sur cette accoutumance plus que sur n + +11:05.800 --> 11:08.540 +'importe quelle explication. Le souvenir + +11:08.540 --> 11:10.920 +même de notre séparation déjà s'effacé + +11:10.920 --> 11:14.080 +entre nous, et déjà diminué cette crainte + +11:14.080 --> 11:16.920 +que souvent je sentais en elle, cette + +11:16.920 --> 11:18.900 +contraction de l'âme qu'elle craignait en + +11:18.900 --> 11:21.460 +moi. Alissa, plus jeune que ma triste + +11:21.460 --> 11:24.040 +visite automne, ne m'avait jamais paru + +11:24.040 --> 11:26.120 +plus jolie. Je n'avais pas encore + +11:26.120 --> 11:29.160 +embrassé. Chaque soir, je revoyais sur son + +11:29.160 --> 11:31.620 +coffrage, retenu par une chaînette d'or, + +11:31.860 --> 11:35.140 +la petite croix d'améthyste brillée. En + +11:35.140 --> 11:37.180 +confiance, l'espoir renaissait dans mon + +11:37.180 --> 11:40.320 +coeur. Que dis-je, espoir? C'était déjà l + +11:40.320 --> 11:42.140 +'assurance que j'imaginais sentir + +11:42.140 --> 11:45.560 +également chez Alissa, car je doutais si + +11:45.560 --> 11:48.440 +peu de moi que je ne pouvais plus douter d + +11:48.440 --> 11:52.440 +'elle. Peu à peu, nos propos sont à dire. + +11:52.740 --> 11:55.880 +Et maintenant, les questions. Qu'est-ce qu + +11:55.880 --> 11:58.340 +'ils reprennent les trois premiers jours? + +11:59.200 --> 12:01.380 +Que reprennent-ils les trois premiers + +12:01.380 --> 12:01.720 +jours? + +12:13.920 --> 12:17.140 +Deuxième question. Est-ce qu'il compte sur + +12:17.140 --> 12:20.980 +cet accoutumance? Compte-t-il sur cet + +12:20.980 --> 12:21.900 +accoutumance? + +12:34.220 --> 12:37.380 +Prochaine question. Se souvient-il + +12:37.380 --> 12:40.400 +beaucoup de leur séparation? + +12:58.120 --> 13:01.580 +Prochaine question. Que sent-il en elle? + +13:11.720 --> 13:14.840 +Prochaine question Qu'est-ce qu'elle + +13:14.840 --> 13:19.660 +craint en lui ? Que craint-elle en lui ? + +13:34.480 --> 13:38.060 +Prochaine question. Pourquoi Alissa paraît + +13:38.060 --> 13:41.580 +-elle plus jeune qu'à sa première visite d + +13:41.580 --> 13:42.040 +'automne? + +13:57.340 --> 14:00.180 +Prochaine question. L'a-t-il encore + +14:00.180 --> 14:01.080 +embrassé? + +14:12.880 --> 14:15.600 +Prochaine question. Qu'est-ce qu'il revoit + +14:15.600 --> 14:18.220 +tous les soirs? Que revoit-il tous les + +14:18.220 --> 14:18.540 +soirs? + +14:31.100 --> 14:35.100 +Prochaine question. Pourquoi reprend-il de + +14:35.100 --> 14:35.880 +l'espoir? + +14:40.700 --> 14:41.260 +Bien, + +14:48.480 --> 14:49.980 +messieurs, je vais vous donner des mots et + +14:49.980 --> 14:52.040 +des expressions en français. Vous allez + +14:52.040 --> 14:55.300 +employer ces mots et ces expressions dans + +14:55.300 --> 14:58.340 +des phrases longues et complètes. Now I'm + +14:58.340 --> 14:59.420 +going to give you some words and + +14:59.420 --> 15:01.420 +expressions. Use these words and + +15:01.420 --> 15:04.360 +expressions in complete sentences. + +15:08.020 --> 15:10.780 +Le soir où. Le soir où. + +15:22.080 --> 15:24.360 +Porterai. Porterai. + +15:36.080 --> 15:37.840 +Descendant, descendant. + +15:47.020 --> 15:49.560 +Ce sera, ce sera. + +15:57.940 --> 16:00.420 +Sera-tu? S'auras-tu? + +16:09.120 --> 16:11.740 +J'te, je te, j'te. + +16:23.580 --> 16:26.840 +J'aurais fait, j'aurais fait. + +16:35.180 --> 16:37.840 +La veille, la veille. + +16:46.040 --> 16:48.240 +D'abord, d'abord. + +16:55.640 --> 16:58.520 +Ne plus, ne plus. + +17:08.100 --> 17:10.840 +À mes lèvres. À mes lèvres. + +17:19.620 --> 17:21.660 +D'ici. D'ici. + +17:31.560 --> 17:33.960 +PRESSENTIR, PRESSENTIR. + +17:41.620 --> 17:43.780 +SUIVRA, SUIVRA. + +17:54.260 --> 17:57.020 +ENTRE NOUS, ENTRE NOUS. + +18:07.320 --> 18:12.780 +Je voudrais, je voudrais. Je voudrais, je + +18:12.780 --> 18:12.900 +voudrais. + +18:20.440 --> 18:22.160 +Pareil, pareil. + +18:30.840 --> 18:32.220 +JE VEUX DIRE + +18:41.780 --> 18:44.160 +TOUS DEUX TOUS DEUX + +18:51.360 --> 18:52.740 +SE METTRA + +19:02.460 --> 19:05.220 +Il y a. Il y a. + +19:14.040 --> 19:16.740 +Nous occuper. Nous occuper. + +19:21.800 --> 19:23.240 +Bien, messieurs, c'est tout pour aujourd + +19:23.240 --> 19:23.540 +'hui. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/qw237kb3383_b_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/baseline/qw237kb3383_b_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d32d00 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/qw237kb3383_b_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,713 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:04.980 +1.5 + +00:04.980 --> 00:11.940 +kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg + +00:11.940 --> 00:15.920 +kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg + +00:15.920 --> 00:18.260 +kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg + +00:18.260 --> 00:21.060 +kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg + +00:21.060 --> 00:28.000 +kvartal + +00:36.880 --> 00:38.480 +Bonjour, messieurs, ici Côte de France + +00:38.480 --> 00:41.700 +153. Tout d'abord, écoutez la sélection + +00:41.700 --> 00:43.540 +que je vais vous lire, et après, répondez + +00:43.540 --> 00:44.860 +aux questions que je vais vous poser. + +00:45.320 --> 00:46.700 +First of all, listen to the paragraph + +00:46.700 --> 00:49.140 +which I'm going to read you, then answer + +00:49.140 --> 00:51.220 +the questions which I will ask you. I will + +00:51.220 --> 00:53.740 +read each selection twice. It will be + +00:53.740 --> 00:57.900 +fairly short. Le soir où descendant pour + +00:57.900 --> 01:01.280 +dîner, je ne porterai pas mon coup, l'aqua + +01:01.280 --> 01:04.460 +d'améthyste que tu aimes, comprendras-tu + +01:04.460 --> 01:08.660 +que ce sera mon dernier soir? Mais sauras + +01:08.660 --> 01:11.760 +-tu partir, reprit-elle, sans larmes, sans + +01:11.760 --> 01:15.240 +soupirs, sans adieux? Je te quitterai ce + +01:15.240 --> 01:17.120 +dernier soir comme je l'aurais fait la + +01:17.120 --> 01:19.640 +veille. C'est simplement que tu te + +01:19.640 --> 01:22.600 +demanderas d'abord, n'aurait-il pas + +01:22.600 --> 01:25.600 +compris? « Mais quand tu me chercheras le + +01:25.600 --> 01:28.480 +lendemain matin, simplement, je ne serai + +01:28.480 --> 01:32.080 +plus là. » Je répète. « Le soir où + +01:32.080 --> 01:34.520 +descendant pour dîner, je ne porterai pas + +01:34.520 --> 01:36.420 +à mon cou la croix d'un métiste que tu + +01:36.420 --> 01:39.720 +aimes, comprendras-tu. » « Que ce sera mon + +01:39.720 --> 01:42.420 +dernier soir. » « Mais sauras-tu partir, + +01:42.720 --> 01:45.680 +reprit-elle, sans larmes, sans soupirs, + +01:45.820 --> 01:48.540 +sans adieux. » « Je te quitterai ce + +01:48.540 --> 01:50.220 +dernier soir comme je l'aurais fait la + +01:50.220 --> 01:52.440 +veille. » Si simplement que tu te + +01:52.440 --> 01:55.240 +demanderas d'abord, n'aurais-tu pas + +01:55.240 --> 01:58.340 +compris? Mais quand tu me chercheras le + +01:58.340 --> 02:01.220 +lendemain matin, simplement je ne serai + +02:01.220 --> 02:06.240 +plus là. Et bien les questions. Qu'est-ce + +02:06.240 --> 02:08.940 +qu'il va porter en descendant pour dîner? + +02:21.840 --> 02:24.000 +Deuxième question. Qu'est-ce que ça va + +02:24.000 --> 02:24.380 +indiquer? + +02:35.980 --> 02:38.120 +Comment est-ce qu'elle veut qu'il parte? + +02:38.580 --> 02:40.300 +Comment est-ce qu'elle veut qu'il parte? + +02:50.140 --> 02:52.480 +Est-ce qu'il va partir sans lui parler? + +03:03.260 --> 03:05.340 +Qu'est-ce qu'elle ne va pas trouver le + +03:05.340 --> 03:07.540 +lendemain matin? Qu'est-ce qu'elle ne va + +03:07.540 --> 03:09.160 +pas trouver le lendemain matin? + +03:17.760 --> 03:21.080 +Deuxième sélection. Le lendemain, je ne te + +03:21.080 --> 03:24.040 +chercherai plus. Elle me tendait la main, + +03:24.180 --> 03:27.300 +comme je la portais à mes lèvres, d'ici le + +03:27.300 --> 03:29.640 +soir fatal des gens corps, par une + +03:29.640 --> 03:31.880 +allusion qui ne me fasse rien pressentir. + +03:31.880 --> 03:35.520 +« Toi, fasse une allusion à la séparation + +03:35.520 --> 03:38.860 +qui suivra. » Il fallait à présent rompre + +03:38.860 --> 03:41.400 +la gêne que la solennité de se revoir + +03:41.400 --> 03:44.600 +risquait d'élever entre nous. Je voudrais + +03:44.600 --> 03:46.680 +tant, repris-je, que ces quelques jours + +03:46.680 --> 03:49.320 +près de toi nous paraissent pareils à d + +03:49.320 --> 03:51.780 +'autres jours. Je veux dire, ne pas + +03:51.780 --> 03:53.820 +sentir, tous deux, qu'ils sont + +03:53.820 --> 03:58.400 +exceptionnels. Et puis, si nous pouvions + +03:58.400 --> 04:00.380 +ne pas trop chercher à causer d'abord, + +04:00.380 --> 04:04.220 +Elle se mit à rire. J'ajoutais, « N'y a-t + +04:04.220 --> 04:05.680 +-il rien à quoi nous puissions nous + +04:05.680 --> 04:10.720 +occuper ensemble? » Je répète, « Le + +04:10.720 --> 04:13.440 +lendemain, je ne te chercherai plus. » + +04:30.380 --> 04:33.600 +risqué d'élever entre nous. Je voudrais + +04:33.600 --> 04:36.300 +tant, repris, que ces quelques jours près + +04:36.300 --> 04:38.080 +de toi nous paraissent pareils à d'autres + +04:38.080 --> 04:41.180 +jours. Je veux dire ne pas sentir, tous + +04:41.180 --> 04:44.100 +deux, qu'ils sont exceptionnels. Et puis, + +04:44.260 --> 04:47.100 +si nous pouvions ne pas trop chercher à + +04:47.100 --> 04:50.220 +causer d'abord. Elle se mit à rire. J + +04:50.220 --> 04:52.520 +'ajoutais, n'y a-t-il rien à quoi nous + +04:52.520 --> 04:53.920 +puissions nous occuper ensemble? + +04:55.520 --> 04:58.660 +Maintenant, les questions. Est-ce que je + +04:58.660 --> 05:00.980 +vais aller chercher le lendemain? Est-ce + +05:00.980 --> 05:02.420 +qu'elle va le chercher le lendemain? + +05:12.200 --> 05:14.700 +Qu'est-ce qu'elle lui t'en dit? Qu'est-ce + +05:14.700 --> 05:15.480 +qu'elle lui t'en dit? + +05:26.800 --> 05:30.200 +Qu'est-ce qu'il a porté à sa bouche? + +05:34.800 --> 05:38.620 +Des phrases longues et complètes. Complete + +05:38.620 --> 05:39.020 +sentences. + +05:43.960 --> 05:46.580 +Troisième question. Est-ce qu'on va parler + +05:46.580 --> 05:47.760 +encore de ce soir? + +06:00.120 --> 06:02.620 +Prochaine question. Pourquoi le soir + +06:02.620 --> 06:03.320 +fatal? + +06:15.940 --> 06:18.300 +Prochaine question. Pourquoi sont ces + +06:18.300 --> 06:19.860 +jours qu'ils vont passer ensemble + +06:19.860 --> 06:20.880 +exceptionnels? + +06:37.540 --> 06:41.700 +Prochaine question. Elle a ri. Pourquoi + +06:41.700 --> 06:44.460 +rit-elle? Pourquoi rit-elle? + +06:56.520 --> 06:59.000 +Prochaine question. Qu'est-ce qu'il lui + +06:59.000 --> 07:01.700 +demande à la fin? Qu'est-ce qu'il lui + +07:01.700 --> 07:02.940 +demande à la fin? + +07:11.300 --> 07:14.060 +Prochaine question. De tout temps, nous + +07:14.060 --> 07:16.800 +avions pris plaisir au jardinage. Un + +07:16.800 --> 07:19.000 +jardinier sans expérience remplaçait l + +07:19.000 --> 07:21.540 +'ancien depuis peu, et le jardin abandonné + +07:21.540 --> 07:23.880 +durant deux mois offrait beaucoup à faire. + +07:24.740 --> 07:27.560 +Des rosiers étaient mal taillés. Certains, + +07:27.560 --> 07:29.680 +à végétation puissante, restaient + +07:29.680 --> 07:32.300 +encombrés de bois morts. D'autres, + +07:32.480 --> 07:35.660 +grimpants, coulaient mal soutenus. Des + +07:35.660 --> 07:38.840 +gourmands en épuisent d'autres. La plupart + +07:38.840 --> 07:41.520 +avaient été greffés par nous. Nous + +07:41.520 --> 07:44.640 +reconnaissions nos élèves. Les soins qu + +07:44.640 --> 07:45.840 +'ils réclamaient nous occupèrent + +07:45.840 --> 07:47.280 +longuement et nous permurent les trois + +07:47.280 --> 07:49.500 +premiers jours de beaucoup parler sans + +07:49.500 --> 07:51.900 +rien dire de grave, et lorsque nous nous + +07:51.900 --> 07:54.020 +taisions d'un point à sentir peser le + +07:54.020 --> 07:57.600 +silence. De tout temps, nous avions pris + +07:57.600 --> 08:00.500 +plaisir au jardinage. Un jardinier sans + +08:00.500 --> 08:02.860 +expérience remplacé l'ancien depuis peu, + +08:02.960 --> 08:05.800 +et le jardin abandonné durant deux mois + +08:05.800 --> 08:08.420 +offrait beaucoup à faire. Les rosiers + +08:08.420 --> 08:11.040 +étaient mal taillés. Certaines végétations + +08:11.040 --> 08:13.020 +puissantes restaient encombrées de bois + +08:13.020 --> 08:16.060 +morts. D'autres, grimpant, coulaient, mal + +08:16.060 --> 08:18.800 +soutenus. Des gourmands en épuisent d + +08:18.800 --> 08:21.180 +'autres. La plupart avaient été greffés + +08:21.180 --> 08:23.940 +par nous. Nous reconnaissions nos élèves. + +08:24.300 --> 08:26.100 +Les soins qu'ils réclamaient nous + +08:26.100 --> 08:27.800 +occupèrent longuement et nous permirent + +08:27.800 --> 08:29.760 +les trois premiers jours de beaucoup + +08:29.760 --> 08:32.240 +parler sans rien dire de grave et lorsque + +08:32.240 --> 08:34.680 +nous nous taisions, d'un point sentir + +08:34.680 --> 08:38.160 +peser le silence. Maintenant les + +08:38.160 --> 08:40.000 +questions. Où est-ce qu'ils vont + +08:40.000 --> 08:41.700 +travailler? Où est-ce qu'ils vont + +08:41.700 --> 08:42.100 +travailler? + +08:54.240 --> 08:58.400 +Deuxième question. Pourquoi le jardin a-t + +08:58.400 --> 08:59.340 +-il besoin de travail? + +09:11.060 --> 09:13.920 +Troisième question. En quel état sont les + +09:13.920 --> 09:17.140 +rosiers? En quel état sont les rosiers? + +09:25.380 --> 09:28.320 +Troisième question. Pourquoi vont-ils + +09:28.320 --> 09:31.820 +travailler au jardin? Pourquoi vont-ils + +09:31.820 --> 09:33.160 +travailler au jardin? + +09:43.600 --> 09:46.640 +Prochaine question. De quoi parlent-ils + +09:46.640 --> 09:49.800 +les trois premiers jours? De quoi parlent + +09:49.800 --> 09:51.040 +-ils les trois premiers jours? + +10:00.460 --> 10:03.280 +Prochaine sélection. C'est ainsi que nous + +10:03.280 --> 10:05.580 +reprime l'habitude l'un l'autre. Je + +10:05.580 --> 10:07.680 +comptais sur cette accoutumance plus que + +10:07.680 --> 10:10.540 +sur n'importe quelle explication. Le + +10:10.540 --> 10:12.920 +souvenir même de notre séparation déjà s + +10:12.920 --> 10:16.240 +'effacé entre nous, et déjà diminué cette + +10:16.240 --> 10:19.160 +crainte que souvent je sentais en elle. + +10:19.160 --> 10:21.580 +Cette contraction de l'âme qu'elle + +10:21.580 --> 10:24.840 +craignait en moi Alissa, plus jeune qu'à + +10:24.840 --> 10:27.240 +ma triste visite d'automne, ne m'avait + +10:27.240 --> 10:29.960 +jamais paru plus jolie Je ne l'avais pas + +10:29.960 --> 10:33.000 +encore embrassée Chaque soir, je revoyais + +10:33.000 --> 10:35.980 +sur son corsage, retenu par une chaînette + +10:35.980 --> 10:39.100 +d'or, la petite croix d'un métiste brillé + +10:39.100 --> 10:41.980 +En confiance, l'espoir renaissait dans mon + +10:41.980 --> 10:45.540 +cœur Que dis-je, espoir? C'était déjà de l + +10:45.540 --> 10:48.320 +'assurance et que j'imaginais sentir + +10:48.320 --> 10:52.300 +également chez Alissa, car je doutais si + +10:52.300 --> 10:54.200 +peu de moi que je ne pouvais plus douter d + +10:54.200 --> 10:57.140 +'elle. Peu à peu, nos propos sont à dire. + +10:59.340 --> 11:02.180 +Je répète, c'est ainsi que nous reprimons + +11:02.180 --> 11:04.120 +l'habitude l'un de l'autre, et je comptais + +11:04.120 --> 11:05.800 +sur cette accoutumance plus que sur n + +11:05.800 --> 11:08.540 +'importe quelle explication. Le souvenir + +11:08.540 --> 11:10.920 +même de notre séparation déjà s'effacé + +11:10.920 --> 11:14.080 +entre nous, et déjà diminué cette crainte + +11:14.080 --> 11:16.920 +que souvent je sentais en elle, cette + +11:16.920 --> 11:18.900 +contraction de l'âme qu'elle craignait en + +11:18.900 --> 11:21.460 +moi. Alissa, plus jeune que ma triste + +11:21.460 --> 11:24.040 +visite automne, ne m'avait jamais paru + +11:24.040 --> 11:26.120 +plus jolie. Je n'avais pas encore + +11:26.120 --> 11:29.160 +embrassé. Chaque soir, je revoyais sur son + +11:29.160 --> 11:31.620 +coffrage, retenu par une chaînette d'or, + +11:31.860 --> 11:35.140 +la petite croix d'améthyste brillée. En + +11:35.140 --> 11:37.180 +confiance, l'espoir renaissait dans mon + +11:37.180 --> 11:40.320 +coeur. Que dis-je, espoir? C'était déjà l + +11:40.320 --> 11:42.140 +'assurance que j'imaginais sentir + +11:42.140 --> 11:45.560 +également chez Alissa, car je doutais si + +11:45.560 --> 11:48.440 +peu de moi que je ne pouvais plus douter d + +11:48.440 --> 11:52.440 +'elle. Peu à peu, nos propos sont à dire. + +11:52.740 --> 11:55.880 +Et maintenant, les questions. Qu'est-ce qu + +11:55.880 --> 11:58.340 +'ils reprennent les trois premiers jours? + +11:59.200 --> 12:01.380 +Que reprennent-ils les trois premiers + +12:01.380 --> 12:01.720 +jours? + +12:13.920 --> 12:17.140 +Deuxième question. Est-ce qu'il compte sur + +12:17.140 --> 12:20.980 +cet accoutumance? Compte-t-il sur cet + +12:20.980 --> 12:21.900 +accoutumance? + +12:34.220 --> 12:37.380 +Prochaine question. Se souvient-il + +12:37.380 --> 12:40.400 +beaucoup de leur séparation? + +12:58.120 --> 13:01.580 +Prochaine question. Que sent-il en elle? + +13:11.720 --> 13:14.840 +Prochaine question Qu'est-ce qu'elle + +13:14.840 --> 13:19.660 +craint en lui ? Que craint-elle en lui ? + +13:34.480 --> 13:38.060 +Prochaine question. Pourquoi Alissa paraît + +13:38.060 --> 13:41.580 +-elle plus jeune qu'à sa première visite d + +13:41.580 --> 13:42.040 +'automne? + +13:57.340 --> 14:00.180 +Prochaine question. L'a-t-il encore + +14:00.180 --> 14:01.080 +embrassé? + +14:12.880 --> 14:15.600 +Prochaine question. Qu'est-ce qu'il revoit + +14:15.600 --> 14:18.220 +tous les soirs? Que revoit-il tous les + +14:18.220 --> 14:18.540 +soirs? + +14:31.100 --> 14:35.100 +Prochaine question. Pourquoi reprend-il de + +14:35.100 --> 14:35.880 +l'espoir? + +14:40.700 --> 14:41.260 +Bien, + +14:48.480 --> 14:49.980 +messieurs, je vais vous donner des mots et + +14:49.980 --> 14:52.040 +des expressions en français. Vous allez + +14:52.040 --> 14:55.300 +employer ces mots et ces expressions dans + +14:55.300 --> 14:58.340 +des phrases longues et complètes. Now I'm + +14:58.340 --> 14:59.420 +going to give you some words and + +14:59.420 --> 15:01.420 +expressions. Use these words and + +15:01.420 --> 15:04.360 +expressions in complete sentences. + +15:08.020 --> 15:10.780 +Le soir où. Le soir où. + +15:22.080 --> 15:24.360 +Porterai. Porterai. + +15:36.080 --> 15:37.840 +Descendant, descendant. + +15:47.020 --> 15:49.560 +Ce sera, ce sera. + +15:57.940 --> 16:00.420 +Sera-tu? S'auras-tu? + +16:09.120 --> 16:11.740 +J'te, je te, j'te. + +16:23.580 --> 16:26.840 +J'aurais fait, j'aurais fait. + +16:35.180 --> 16:37.840 +La veille, la veille. + +16:46.040 --> 16:48.240 +D'abord, d'abord. + +16:55.640 --> 16:58.520 +Ne plus, ne plus. + +17:08.100 --> 17:10.840 +À mes lèvres. À mes lèvres. + +17:19.620 --> 17:21.660 +D'ici. D'ici. + +17:31.560 --> 17:33.960 +PRESSENTIR, PRESSENTIR. + +17:41.620 --> 17:43.780 +SUIVRA, SUIVRA. + +17:54.260 --> 17:57.020 +ENTRE NOUS, ENTRE NOUS. + +18:07.320 --> 18:12.780 +Je voudrais, je voudrais. Je voudrais, je + +18:12.780 --> 18:12.900 +voudrais. + +18:20.440 --> 18:22.160 +Pareil, pareil. + +18:30.840 --> 18:32.220 +JE VEUX DIRE + +18:41.780 --> 18:44.160 +TOUS DEUX TOUS DEUX + +18:51.360 --> 18:52.740 +SE METTRA + +19:02.460 --> 19:05.220 +Il y a. Il y a. + +19:14.040 --> 19:16.740 +Nous occuper. 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We call him Shaky. Our goal is to + +01:03.640 --> 01:05.080 +give Shakey some of the abilities + +01:05.080 --> 01:07.040 +associated with intelligence, abilities + +01:07.040 --> 01:09.660 +like planning and learning. Even though + +01:09.660 --> 01:11.580 +the tasks we give Shakey seem quite + +01:11.580 --> 01:13.900 +simple, the programs needed to plan and + +01:13.900 --> 01:17.060 +coordinate his activities are complex. The + +01:17.060 --> 01:18.900 +main purpose of our research is to learn + +01:18.900 --> 01:21.240 +how to design these programs so that + +01:21.240 --> 01:23.180 +robots can be employed in a variety of + +01:23.180 --> 01:25.960 +tasks ranging from space exploration to + +01:25.960 --> 01:29.700 +industrial automation. Shakey operates in + +01:29.700 --> 01:30.500 +this experimental environmental + +01:30.500 --> 01:32.820 +environment of rooms, doorways, and simple + +01:32.820 --> 01:33.240 +objects. + +01:38.340 --> 01:40.520 +The top lens belongs to Shakey's + +01:40.520 --> 01:42.980 +television camera. He uses it to obtain + +01:42.980 --> 01:45.300 +visual information about his own location + +01:45.300 --> 01:48.980 +or about other objects. These walls were + +01:48.980 --> 01:50.840 +made high enough so that Shakey cannot see + +01:50.840 --> 01:52.260 +over them with his television camera. + +01:52.260 --> 01:56.620 +camera. Shakey uses these feelers or cat + +01:56.620 --> 01:58.700 +whiskers to tell him if he has bumped into + +01:58.700 --> 02:01.940 +anything. He can push objects with this + +02:01.940 --> 02:02.340 +push bar. + +02:07.620 --> 02:10.700 +The programs controlling Shakey reside in + +02:10.700 --> 02:13.640 +a large PDP-10 computer and occupy over + +02:13.640 --> 02:19.800 +300,000 36-bit words of storage. Shakey + +02:19.800 --> 02:21.820 +communicates with the computer over a + +02:21.820 --> 02:22.340 +radio link. + +02:26.360 --> 02:29.060 +We use a teletype to give instructions to + +02:29.060 --> 02:31.200 +the computer programs that control Shakey. + +02:33.080 --> 02:35.320 +Shakey reports back to us using the + +02:35.320 --> 02:38.160 +teletype and the cathode ray tube display. + +02:42.240 --> 02:44.800 +An executive program handles communication + +02:44.800 --> 02:47.420 +between the experimenter and and the robot + +02:47.420 --> 02:47.820 +system. + +02:51.460 --> 02:53.600 +Shakey's movements are directly controlled + +02:53.600 --> 02:55.880 +by a set of low-level action programs. + +02:58.010 --> 03:00.480 +These programs convert orders such as roll + +03:00.480 --> 03:03.820 +2.1 feet into appropriate commands to + +03:03.820 --> 03:05.860 +circuits on the vehicle that control + +03:05.860 --> 03:06.600 +Shakey's motors. + +03:09.600 --> 03:12.300 +Two other examples of low-level actions + +03:12.710 --> 03:15.420 +are pan fan, and tilt. + +03:20.680 --> 03:23.160 +The low level actions provide some of the + +03:23.160 --> 03:25.100 +building blocks for more complicated and + +03:25.100 --> 03:27.000 +powerful programs called intermediate + +03:27.000 --> 03:32.500 +level actions. One such action is go-to. + +03:43.900 --> 03:46.680 +Go-to plans and executes a route to a + +03:46.680 --> 03:48.760 +named goal location, marked with a cross + +03:48.760 --> 03:51.240 +here, circumventing obstacles if need be. + +03:57.020 --> 04:00.020 +The Go-To program plans a route by first + +04:00.020 --> 04:02.040 +computing whether any obstacles lie on a + +04:02.040 --> 04:06.400 +direct path. If so, points near the + +04:06.400 --> 04:11.160 +obstacle are set up as sub-goals. After + +04:11.160 --> 04:13.400 +Shakey computes a route, he traverses it + +04:13.400 --> 04:13.880 +to the goal. + +04:19.620 --> 04:22.660 +Another intermediate level action pushes a + +04:22.660 --> 04:25.340 +named object, box one in this example, to + +04:25.340 --> 04:27.280 +a location specified by a pair of + +04:27.280 --> 04:27.640 +coordinates. + +04:30.680 --> 04:32.660 +A feature of the intermediate level + +04:32.660 --> 04:35.060 +actions is their ability to recover from + +04:35.060 --> 04:38.960 +unforeseen accidents. Our gremlin, + +04:39.140 --> 04:41.520 +Charlie, symbolizes as an agent of change + +04:41.520 --> 04:46.040 +unknown to Shakey. Shakey's sensors tell + +04:46.040 --> 04:48.020 +him that the box has slipped off the push + +04:48.020 --> 04:50.620 +bar, but his cat whiskers tell him where + +04:50.620 --> 04:53.760 +the box is so he can get behind it and + +04:53.760 --> 04:54.400 +resume pushing. + +05:36.980 --> 05:41.600 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 level actions is + +05:41.600 --> 05:43.660 +designed to try again if the first attempt + +05:43.660 --> 05:44.120 +fails. + +06:01.860 --> 06:04.420 +We use the push program in another + +06:04.420 --> 06:06.340 +intermediate level action that blocks a + +06:06.340 --> 06:10.840 +doorway with a box. We also have an + +06:10.840 --> 06:12.980 +intermediate level action to take Shakey + +06:12.980 --> 06:15.000 +through a doorway into an adjacent room. + +06:16.360 --> 06:18.360 +Ordinarily, Shakey keeps track of his own + +06:18.360 --> 06:20.360 +position by counting wheel revolutions. + +06:22.360 --> 06:24.720 +This dead reckoning navigation is quite + +06:24.720 --> 06:27.500 +accurate, but errors do accumulate. If an + +06:27.500 --> 06:29.060 +intermediate level action needs more + +06:29.060 --> 06:31.660 +precise location information, it calls on + +06:31.660 --> 06:33.820 +a special picture taking routine called + +06:33.820 --> 06:38.000 +landmark for orientation. Here we see + +06:38.000 --> 06:39.760 +Shakey taking a picture of the nearest + +06:39.760 --> 06:42.240 +reliable landmark, in this case a corner + +06:42.240 --> 06:42.720 +of the room. + +06:49.200 --> 06:51.680 +Shakey's view is shown on the TV monitor. + +06:56.300 --> 06:58.980 +His vision programs enhance the edges of + +06:58.980 --> 07:01.280 +of the picture to produce a line + +07:01.280 --> 07:03.620 +representation on the cathode ray tube + +07:03.620 --> 07:06.520 +display. If Shakey's dead reckoned + +07:06.520 --> 07:09.000 +estimate of his position were correct, the + +07:09.000 --> 07:10.540 +outline of the corner would have looked + +07:10.540 --> 07:14.880 +like this. Shakey uses the new picture + +07:14.880 --> 07:17.360 +information to improve his estimate of his + +07:17.360 --> 07:21.880 +location. The intermediate level actions + +07:21.880 --> 07:23.640 +communicate directly with the executive + +07:23.640 --> 07:25.980 +program and indirectly with the vehicle. + +07:30.140 --> 07:32.880 +To summarize, intermediate level actions + +07:32.880 --> 07:35.120 +are pre-programmed to work on frequently + +07:35.120 --> 07:37.720 +encountered tasks. They can recover from + +07:37.720 --> 07:40.420 +several types of errors and accidents and + +07:40.420 --> 07:42.620 +they incorporate powerful subroutines for + +07:42.620 --> 07:44.540 +analyzing pictures and for navigating. + +07:47.640 --> 07:49.840 +Of course, for intermediate level actions + +07:49.840 --> 07:51.800 +to work, they need information about + +07:51.800 --> 07:52.780 +Shakey's experimental environmental + +07:52.780 --> 07:56.040 +environment. Shakey models his environment + +07:56.040 --> 07:57.860 +with a list of assertions giving + +07:57.860 --> 08:00.140 +information about the locations of walls, + +08:00.440 --> 08:04.360 +doorways, other objects, and himself. From + +08:04.360 --> 08:06.360 +his model, Shakey knows that the floor + +08:06.360 --> 08:08.880 +plan of his world looks like this. The + +08:08.880 --> 08:13.780 +small hand points to Shakey. His model may + +08:13.780 --> 08:16.520 +be incomplete. complete. For example, it + +08:16.520 --> 08:18.360 +happens that the contents of this room are + +08:18.360 --> 08:18.680 +unknown. + +08:22.260 --> 08:25.620 +The model may also be inaccurate. It shows + +08:25.620 --> 08:27.420 +that the upper right-hand corner of room + +08:27.420 --> 08:30.300 +two is empty, even though a box is in fact + +08:30.300 --> 08:30.740 +present. + +08:38.760 --> 08:40.900 +The executive and the action programs + +08:40.900 --> 08:42.780 +communicate with the model so that it can + +08:42.780 --> 08:46.580 +be updated either by a user or by Shakey + +08:46.580 --> 08:46.800 +himself. + +08:52.800 --> 08:55.080 +We want Shakey to be able to combine + +08:55.080 --> 08:57.760 +intermediate level actions to perform new + +08:57.760 --> 09:00.040 +tasks not covered by any single action. + +09:00.560 --> 09:03.100 +For this purpose, Shakey uses a planning + +09:03.100 --> 09:07.020 +program called STRIPS. STRIPS employs such + +09:07.020 --> 09:08.820 +artificial intelligence techniques as + +09:08.820 --> 09:11.120 +means-ends analysis and automatic theorem + +09:11.120 --> 09:15.420 +improving. A special action model tells + +09:15.420 --> 09:17.480 +strips about the preconditions and the + +09:17.480 --> 09:19.480 +predicted effects of each intermediate + +09:19.480 --> 09:20.200 +level action. + +09:24.620 --> 09:26.980 +For example, the action that takes Shakey + +09:26.980 --> 09:29.180 +through a door requires that he be near + +09:29.180 --> 09:31.520 +the door. Its effect is that he will end + +09:31.520 --> 09:34.220 +up in the next room. The action model uses + +09:34.220 --> 09:35.840 +the language of the predicate calculus + +09:35.840 --> 09:37.840 +rather than English as shown here. + +09:41.960 --> 09:44.340 +STRIPS uses the action model to predict + +09:44.340 --> 09:46.200 +what the state of the environment would be + +09:46.200 --> 09:48.840 +if various actions were taken. + +09:54.240 --> 09:56.800 +First, STRIPS finds those actions that are + +09:56.800 --> 09:59.500 +most relevant to the task. The + +09:59.500 --> 10:01.260 +preconditions of these relevant actions + +10:01.260 --> 10:05.140 +are set up as subgoals. These subgoals, in + +10:05.140 --> 10:08.140 +turn, lead to others. Finally, all of the + +10:08.140 --> 10:10.700 +needed actions are assembled into a plan + +10:10.700 --> 10:11.840 +to accomplish the goal. + +10:15.920 --> 10:18.280 +This chart shows the major components of + +10:18.280 --> 10:19.380 +the complete robot system. + +10:22.160 --> 10:23.800 +Now we'll watch Shakey solve some + +10:23.800 --> 10:24.200 +problems. + +10:28.220 --> 10:31.260 +In our first task for Shakey, we want him + +10:31.260 --> 10:36.080 +to use this box to block this door, + +10:36.260 --> 10:39.440 +starting + +10:39.440 --> 10:43.140 +from this position. The robot executive is + +10:43.140 --> 10:45.320 +capable of understanding a wide variety of + +10:45.320 --> 10:47.180 +English statements, questions, and + +10:47.180 --> 10:50.080 +commands. We can type Shakey's first task + +10:50.080 --> 10:52.020 +in English, which is translated into to + +10:52.020 --> 10:54.120 +predicate calculus, the language used by + +10:54.120 --> 10:57.140 +Strips. Strips analyzes the task and + +10:57.140 --> 10:58.720 +produces a plan to solve it. + +11:02.760 --> 11:05.400 +Let's diagram the plan found by Strips. + +11:07.600 --> 11:10.680 +First, Shakey plans to use the action go + +11:10.680 --> 11:13.420 +to D5 that will take him to the doorway. + +11:14.860 --> 11:17.980 +Then he will use the actions go through D5 + +11:17.980 --> 11:20.060 +and go to D3. + +11:23.900 --> 11:27.880 +Finally, he plans to use go through D3 and + +11:27.880 --> 11:33.180 +block D4 with box 1. After computing the + +11:33.180 --> 11:36.420 +plan, Shakey begins to execute it. He + +11:36.420 --> 11:38.540 +moves to the first doorway by using the + +11:38.540 --> 11:40.240 +action, go to D5. + +12:00.720 --> 12:03.580 +He looks through the doorway because he is + +12:03.580 --> 12:05.540 +uncertain about the contents of the next + +12:05.540 --> 12:08.780 +room. room. His view of the floor along + +12:08.780 --> 12:12.000 +his path shows no obstructions, so he + +12:12.000 --> 12:13.880 +moves into the next room by using the + +12:13.880 --> 12:15.700 +action, go through D5. + +12:20.500 --> 12:22.900 +But just after this move, Charlie the + +12:22.900 --> 12:24.780 +Gremlin blocks the next doorway with a + +12:24.780 --> 12:28.520 +box. Shakey doesn't know it yet, but the + +12:28.520 --> 12:30.140 +box is right in his planned path. + +12:35.540 --> 12:37.440 +Because the contents of this room are + +12:37.440 --> 12:39.800 +unknown, he checks the next leg of his + +12:39.800 --> 12:41.360 +journey with a television camera. + +12:47.180 --> 12:49.980 +The box is in Shakey's field of view. This + +12:49.980 --> 12:51.520 +is how it appears on the TV monitor. + +12:56.900 --> 12:59.060 +Shaky's vision programs analyze the + +12:59.060 --> 13:01.740 +picture and tell him that his path to the + +13:01.740 --> 13:04.640 +doorway is obstructed. He takes another TV + +13:04.640 --> 13:08.040 +picture of the obstructing object. Here we + +13:08.040 --> 13:09.920 +monitor on the cathode ray tube display + +13:09.920 --> 13:12.380 +the results of vision programs that + +13:12.380 --> 13:14.880 +enhance edges, identify the main regions + +13:14.880 --> 13:17.480 +of the scene and determine the location of + +13:17.480 --> 13:18.400 +the box on the floor. + +13:23.980 --> 13:26.720 +Once located, the object that blocks his + +13:26.720 --> 13:29.840 +path can be entered in Shakey's model and + +13:29.840 --> 13:31.520 +given a name, Box 2. + +13:37.640 --> 13:40.200 +Now Shakey realizes that he cannot carry + +13:40.200 --> 13:42.760 +out the original version of his plan. His + +13:42.760 --> 13:45.440 +first recourse is to see if some other + +13:45.440 --> 13:47.700 +version of the old plan might work. + +13:51.620 --> 13:54.280 +Shakey remembers the form of a plan and + +13:54.280 --> 13:58.180 +can substitute other symbols into the same + +13:58.180 --> 14:00.140 +form to produce another version of the + +14:00.140 --> 14:03.420 +plan. In this case, Shakey was fortunate. + +14:03.640 --> 14:05.480 +The new version will solve his problem. + +14:06.240 --> 14:08.380 +Otherwise, he would have had to use strips + +14:08.380 --> 14:11.100 +to make a brand new plan, possibly one + +14:11.100 --> 14:13.300 +that used the unblock action to clear the + +14:13.300 --> 14:17.480 +doorway. Here though, strips was not + +14:17.480 --> 14:20.000 +needed, so Shakey begins to execute the + +14:20.000 --> 14:23.080 +new version of the old plan. First he + +14:23.080 --> 14:24.660 +turns and goes to another door. + +14:40.040 --> 14:41.700 +He goes through the door + +14:50.400 --> 14:52.680 +and then goes over to the next door. + +15:11.840 --> 15:14.100 +Finally, he goes through the next doorway + +15:14.100 --> 15:16.340 +where he can use the intermediate level + +15:16.340 --> 15:19.260 +action block D4 with box one. + +15:44.060 --> 15:47.340 +The block program automatically plans a + +15:47.340 --> 15:49.940 +route to a pushing place behind box one. + +16:33.040 --> 16:35.120 +These lights come on whenever Shakey + +16:35.120 --> 16:37.320 +intends to push an object or back away + +16:37.320 --> 16:37.800 +from one. + +16:51.720 --> 16:53.960 +Shaky knows he has to maneuver box one + +16:53.960 --> 16:54.940 +around the wedge. + +17:40.280 --> 17:41.680 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +17:52.260 --> 17:54.460 +Finally, box one is pushed in front of the + +17:54.460 --> 17:54.740 +doorway. + +18:35.800 --> 18:38.600 +When the task is completed, Shakey doesn't + +18:38.600 --> 18:39.980 +forget the plan he has generated. + +18:43.600 --> 18:45.940 +The form of this plan is remembered and + +18:45.940 --> 18:48.560 +stored away as a new action routine called + +18:48.560 --> 18:52.140 +Macrop 1. Macrop 1 is a learned macro + +18:52.140 --> 18:54.580 +action that takes Shakey from one room + +18:54.580 --> 18:57.060 +through an intermediate room and into a + +18:57.060 --> 19:00.960 +third where he blocks a doorway. When + +19:00.960 --> 19:03.280 +Macrop 1 is added to Shakey's action + +19:03.280 --> 19:06.120 +repertoire, a description of it is added + +19:06.120 --> 19:08.660 +to his model of actions so that strips can + +19:08.660 --> 19:10.500 +use it in planning more complex tasks. + +19:11.460 --> 19:13.480 +Let's see how Shakey makes use of this + +19:13.480 --> 19:15.680 +newly learned action to unblock the door + +19:15.680 --> 19:17.080 +that was blocked by Charlie. + +19:24.640 --> 19:27.580 +Strips is given the task in English and + +19:27.580 --> 19:30.040 +begins to analyze the available actions to + +19:30.040 --> 19:31.920 +determine which will help to solve the + +19:31.920 --> 19:32.240 +problem. + +19:36.480 --> 19:38.280 +Strips decides that it must apply the + +19:38.280 --> 19:41.140 +action unblock. To do so it has the sub + +19:41.140 --> 19:42.960 +problem of getting to the room containing + +19:42.960 --> 19:47.980 +box two. Strips solves this sub problem by + +19:47.980 --> 19:50.120 +using the first four components of Macrop + +19:50.120 --> 19:50.360 +1. + +19:53.660 --> 19:55.980 +The new plan is rapidly found to be a + +19:55.980 --> 19:57.900 +simple modification of the old one and + +19:57.900 --> 20:00.660 +Shakey is ready to execute it. This + +20:00.660 --> 20:02.720 +ability to learn enables Shakey to plan + +20:02.720 --> 20:04.900 +his second task in one-third the time that + +20:04.900 --> 20:06.060 +it took to plan his first plan. + +20:09.080 --> 20:12.200 +Let's watch Shakey execute the plan. First + +20:12.200 --> 20:14.380 +he uses the action go to D1. + +20:33.580 --> 20:35.720 +Shaky navigates around the wedge to get to + +20:35.720 --> 20:36.100 +the doorway. + +21:03.540 --> 21:09.960 +He goes through the first door and decides + +21:09.960 --> 21:12.340 +to take a TV picture to update his own + +21:12.340 --> 21:12.740 +location. + +21:30.480 --> 21:32.920 +The new location information is used to + +21:32.920 --> 21:34.520 +correct his position in the model. + +21:36.760 --> 21:39.200 +Confident of his position, Shakey turns to + +21:39.200 --> 21:40.400 +go to the next door. + +22:08.800 --> 22:11.260 +He goes through the door into the room + +22:11.260 --> 22:12.360 +containing box two. + +22:18.940 --> 22:21.480 +Once in this room, he can use the action + +22:21.480 --> 22:26.080 +unblock D3. He calculates an accessible + +22:26.080 --> 22:29.200 +pushing place and heads toward it to push + +22:29.200 --> 22:29.840 +the box away. + +23:22.180 --> 23:22.920 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +23:25.960 --> 23:28.280 +Our experiments with Shakey have helped us + +23:28.280 --> 23:30.540 +learn more about how a computer can be + +23:30.540 --> 23:33.100 +programmed to control a robot. Continuing + +23:33.100 --> 23:35.960 +research at major centers like SRI will + +23:35.960 --> 23:38.180 +someday allow intelligent robots to leave + +23:38.180 --> 23:40.260 +the laboratory and enter the service of + +23:40.260 --> 23:40.440 +man. + +24:22.320 --> 24:22.960 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +24:31.220 --> 24:34.020 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/tt618qz3245_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/baseline/tt618qz3245_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..05f96dc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/tt618qz3245_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,902 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:05.300 --> 00:06.700 +I'm sorry. + +00:30.000 --> 00:30.800 +Music + +00:56.060 --> 00:58.640 +At SRI, we are experimenting with a mobile + +00:58.640 --> 01:03.640 +robot. We call him Shaky. Our goal is to + +01:03.640 --> 01:05.080 +give Shakey some of the abilities + +01:05.080 --> 01:07.040 +associated with intelligence, abilities + +01:07.040 --> 01:09.660 +like planning and learning. Even though + +01:09.660 --> 01:11.580 +the tasks we give Shakey seem quite + +01:11.580 --> 01:13.900 +simple, the programs needed to plan and + +01:13.900 --> 01:17.060 +coordinate his activities are complex. The + +01:17.060 --> 01:18.900 +main purpose of our research is to learn + +01:18.900 --> 01:21.240 +how to design these programs so that + +01:21.240 --> 01:23.180 +robots can be employed in a variety of + +01:23.180 --> 01:25.960 +tasks ranging from space exploration to + +01:25.960 --> 01:29.700 +industrial automation. Shakey operates in + +01:29.700 --> 01:30.500 +this experimental environmental + +01:30.500 --> 01:32.820 +environment of rooms, doorways, and simple + +01:32.820 --> 01:33.240 +objects. + +01:38.340 --> 01:40.520 +The top lens belongs to Shakey's + +01:40.520 --> 01:42.980 +television camera. He uses it to obtain + +01:42.980 --> 01:45.300 +visual information about his own location + +01:45.300 --> 01:48.980 +or about other objects. These walls were + +01:48.980 --> 01:50.840 +made high enough so that Shakey cannot see + +01:50.840 --> 01:52.260 +over them with his television camera. + +01:52.260 --> 01:56.620 +camera. Shakey uses these feelers or cat + +01:56.620 --> 01:58.700 +whiskers to tell him if he has bumped into + +01:58.700 --> 02:01.940 +anything. He can push objects with this + +02:01.940 --> 02:02.340 +push bar. + +02:07.620 --> 02:10.700 +The programs controlling Shakey reside in + +02:10.700 --> 02:13.640 +a large PDP-10 computer and occupy over + +02:13.640 --> 02:19.800 +300,000 36-bit words of storage. Shakey + +02:19.800 --> 02:21.820 +communicates with the computer over a + +02:21.820 --> 02:22.340 +radio link. + +02:26.360 --> 02:29.060 +We use a teletype to give instructions to + +02:29.060 --> 02:31.200 +the computer programs that control Shakey. + +02:33.080 --> 02:35.320 +Shakey reports back to us using the + +02:35.320 --> 02:38.160 +teletype and the cathode ray tube display. + +02:42.240 --> 02:44.800 +An executive program handles communication + +02:44.800 --> 02:47.420 +between the experimenter and and the robot + +02:47.420 --> 02:47.820 +system. + +02:51.460 --> 02:53.600 +Shakey's movements are directly controlled + +02:53.600 --> 02:55.880 +by a set of low-level action programs. + +02:58.010 --> 03:00.480 +These programs convert orders such as roll + +03:00.480 --> 03:03.820 +2.1 feet into appropriate commands to + +03:03.820 --> 03:05.860 +circuits on the vehicle that control + +03:05.860 --> 03:06.600 +Shakey's motors. + +03:09.600 --> 03:12.300 +Two other examples of low-level actions + +03:12.710 --> 03:15.420 +are pan fan, and tilt. + +03:20.680 --> 03:23.160 +The low level actions provide some of the + +03:23.160 --> 03:25.100 +building blocks for more complicated and + +03:25.100 --> 03:27.000 +powerful programs called intermediate + +03:27.000 --> 03:32.500 +level actions. One such action is go-to. + +03:43.900 --> 03:46.680 +Go-to plans and executes a route to a + +03:46.680 --> 03:48.760 +named goal location, marked with a cross + +03:48.760 --> 03:51.240 +here, circumventing obstacles if need be. + +03:57.020 --> 04:00.020 +The Go-To program plans a route by first + +04:00.020 --> 04:02.040 +computing whether any obstacles lie on a + +04:02.040 --> 04:06.400 +direct path. If so, points near the + +04:06.400 --> 04:11.160 +obstacle are set up as sub-goals. After + +04:11.160 --> 04:13.400 +Shakey computes a route, he traverses it + +04:13.400 --> 04:13.880 +to the goal. + +04:19.620 --> 04:22.660 +Another intermediate level action pushes a + +04:22.660 --> 04:25.340 +named object, box one in this example, to + +04:25.340 --> 04:27.280 +a location specified by a pair of + +04:27.280 --> 04:27.640 +coordinates. + +04:30.680 --> 04:32.660 +A feature of the intermediate level + +04:32.660 --> 04:35.060 +actions is their ability to recover from + +04:35.060 --> 04:38.960 +unforeseen accidents. Our gremlin, + +04:39.140 --> 04:41.520 +Charlie, symbolizes as an agent of change + +04:41.520 --> 04:46.040 +unknown to Shakey. Shakey's sensors tell + +04:46.040 --> 04:48.020 +him that the box has slipped off the push + +04:48.020 --> 04:50.620 +bar, but his cat whiskers tell him where + +04:50.620 --> 04:53.760 +the box is so he can get behind it and + +04:53.760 --> 04:54.400 +resume pushing. + +05:36.980 --> 05:41.600 + level actions is + +05:41.600 --> 05:43.660 +designed to try again if the first attempt + +05:43.660 --> 05:44.120 +fails. + +06:01.860 --> 06:04.420 +We use the push program in another + +06:04.420 --> 06:06.340 +intermediate level action that blocks a + +06:06.340 --> 06:10.840 +doorway with a box. We also have an + +06:10.840 --> 06:12.980 +intermediate level action to take Shakey + +06:12.980 --> 06:15.000 +through a doorway into an adjacent room. + +06:16.360 --> 06:18.360 +Ordinarily, Shakey keeps track of his own + +06:18.360 --> 06:20.360 +position by counting wheel revolutions. + +06:22.360 --> 06:24.720 +This dead reckoning navigation is quite + +06:24.720 --> 06:27.500 +accurate, but errors do accumulate. If an + +06:27.500 --> 06:29.060 +intermediate level action needs more + +06:29.060 --> 06:31.660 +precise location information, it calls on + +06:31.660 --> 06:33.820 +a special picture taking routine called + +06:33.820 --> 06:38.000 +landmark for orientation. Here we see + +06:38.000 --> 06:39.760 +Shakey taking a picture of the nearest + +06:39.760 --> 06:42.240 +reliable landmark, in this case a corner + +06:42.240 --> 06:42.720 +of the room. + +06:49.200 --> 06:51.680 +Shakey's view is shown on the TV monitor. + +06:56.300 --> 06:58.980 +His vision programs enhance the edges of + +06:58.980 --> 07:01.280 +of the picture to produce a line + +07:01.280 --> 07:03.620 +representation on the cathode ray tube + +07:03.620 --> 07:06.520 +display. If Shakey's dead reckoned + +07:06.520 --> 07:09.000 +estimate of his position were correct, the + +07:09.000 --> 07:10.540 +outline of the corner would have looked + +07:10.540 --> 07:14.880 +like this. Shakey uses the new picture + +07:14.880 --> 07:17.360 +information to improve his estimate of his + +07:17.360 --> 07:21.880 +location. The intermediate level actions + +07:21.880 --> 07:23.640 +communicate directly with the executive + +07:23.640 --> 07:25.980 +program and indirectly with the vehicle. + +07:30.140 --> 07:32.880 +To summarize, intermediate level actions + +07:32.880 --> 07:35.120 +are pre-programmed to work on frequently + +07:35.120 --> 07:37.720 +encountered tasks. They can recover from + +07:37.720 --> 07:40.420 +several types of errors and accidents and + +07:40.420 --> 07:42.620 +they incorporate powerful subroutines for + +07:42.620 --> 07:44.540 +analyzing pictures and for navigating. + +07:47.640 --> 07:49.840 +Of course, for intermediate level actions + +07:49.840 --> 07:51.800 +to work, they need information about + +07:51.800 --> 07:52.780 +Shakey's experimental environmental + +07:52.780 --> 07:56.040 +environment. Shakey models his environment + +07:56.040 --> 07:57.860 +with a list of assertions giving + +07:57.860 --> 08:00.140 +information about the locations of walls, + +08:00.440 --> 08:04.360 +doorways, other objects, and himself. From + +08:04.360 --> 08:06.360 +his model, Shakey knows that the floor + +08:06.360 --> 08:08.880 +plan of his world looks like this. The + +08:08.880 --> 08:13.780 +small hand points to Shakey. His model may + +08:13.780 --> 08:16.520 +be incomplete. complete. For example, it + +08:16.520 --> 08:18.360 +happens that the contents of this room are + +08:18.360 --> 08:18.680 +unknown. + +08:22.260 --> 08:25.620 +The model may also be inaccurate. It shows + +08:25.620 --> 08:27.420 +that the upper right-hand corner of room + +08:27.420 --> 08:30.300 +two is empty, even though a box is in fact + +08:30.300 --> 08:30.740 +present. + +08:38.760 --> 08:40.900 +The executive and the action programs + +08:40.900 --> 08:42.780 +communicate with the model so that it can + +08:42.780 --> 08:46.580 +be updated either by a user or by Shakey + +08:46.580 --> 08:46.800 +himself. + +08:52.800 --> 08:55.080 +We want Shakey to be able to combine + +08:55.080 --> 08:57.760 +intermediate level actions to perform new + +08:57.760 --> 09:00.040 +tasks not covered by any single action. + +09:00.560 --> 09:03.100 +For this purpose, Shakey uses a planning + +09:03.100 --> 09:07.020 +program called STRIPS. STRIPS employs such + +09:07.020 --> 09:08.820 +artificial intelligence techniques as + +09:08.820 --> 09:11.120 +means-ends analysis and automatic theorem + +09:11.120 --> 09:15.420 +improving. A special action model tells + +09:15.420 --> 09:17.480 +strips about the preconditions and the + +09:17.480 --> 09:19.480 +predicted effects of each intermediate + +09:19.480 --> 09:20.200 +level action. + +09:24.620 --> 09:26.980 +For example, the action that takes Shakey + +09:26.980 --> 09:29.180 +through a door requires that he be near + +09:29.180 --> 09:31.520 +the door. Its effect is that he will end + +09:31.520 --> 09:34.220 +up in the next room. The action model uses + +09:34.220 --> 09:35.840 +the language of the predicate calculus + +09:35.840 --> 09:37.840 +rather than English as shown here. + +09:41.960 --> 09:44.340 +STRIPS uses the action model to predict + +09:44.340 --> 09:46.200 +what the state of the environment would be + +09:46.200 --> 09:48.840 +if various actions were taken. + +09:54.240 --> 09:56.800 +First, STRIPS finds those actions that are + +09:56.800 --> 09:59.500 +most relevant to the task. The + +09:59.500 --> 10:01.260 +preconditions of these relevant actions + +10:01.260 --> 10:05.140 +are set up as subgoals. These subgoals, in + +10:05.140 --> 10:08.140 +turn, lead to others. Finally, all of the + +10:08.140 --> 10:10.700 +needed actions are assembled into a plan + +10:10.700 --> 10:11.840 +to accomplish the goal. + +10:15.920 --> 10:18.280 +This chart shows the major components of + +10:18.280 --> 10:19.380 +the complete robot system. + +10:22.160 --> 10:23.800 +Now we'll watch Shakey solve some + +10:23.800 --> 10:24.200 +problems. + +10:28.220 --> 10:31.260 +In our first task for Shakey, we want him + +10:31.260 --> 10:36.080 +to use this box to block this door, + +10:36.260 --> 10:39.440 +starting + +10:39.440 --> 10:43.140 +from this position. The robot executive is + +10:43.140 --> 10:45.320 +capable of understanding a wide variety of + +10:45.320 --> 10:47.180 +English statements, questions, and + +10:47.180 --> 10:50.080 +commands. We can type Shakey's first task + +10:50.080 --> 10:52.020 +in English, which is translated into to + +10:52.020 --> 10:54.120 +predicate calculus, the language used by + +10:54.120 --> 10:57.140 +Strips. Strips analyzes the task and + +10:57.140 --> 10:58.720 +produces a plan to solve it. + +11:02.760 --> 11:05.400 +Let's diagram the plan found by Strips. + +11:07.600 --> 11:10.680 +First, Shakey plans to use the action go + +11:10.680 --> 11:13.420 +to D5 that will take him to the doorway. + +11:14.860 --> 11:17.980 +Then he will use the actions go through D5 + +11:17.980 --> 11:20.060 +and go to D3. + +11:23.900 --> 11:27.880 +Finally, he plans to use go through D3 and + +11:27.880 --> 11:33.180 +block D4 with box 1. After computing the + +11:33.180 --> 11:36.420 +plan, Shakey begins to execute it. He + +11:36.420 --> 11:38.540 +moves to the first doorway by using the + +11:38.540 --> 11:40.240 +action, go to D5. + +12:00.720 --> 12:03.580 +He looks through the doorway because he is + +12:03.580 --> 12:05.540 +uncertain about the contents of the next + +12:05.540 --> 12:08.780 +room. room. His view of the floor along + +12:08.780 --> 12:12.000 +his path shows no obstructions, so he + +12:12.000 --> 12:13.880 +moves into the next room by using the + +12:13.880 --> 12:15.700 +action, go through D5. + +12:20.500 --> 12:22.900 +But just after this move, Charlie the + +12:22.900 --> 12:24.780 +Gremlin blocks the next doorway with a + +12:24.780 --> 12:28.520 +box. Shakey doesn't know it yet, but the + +12:28.520 --> 12:30.140 +box is right in his planned path. + +12:35.540 --> 12:37.440 +Because the contents of this room are + +12:37.440 --> 12:39.800 +unknown, he checks the next leg of his + +12:39.800 --> 12:41.360 +journey with a television camera. + +12:47.180 --> 12:49.980 +The box is in Shakey's field of view. This + +12:49.980 --> 12:51.520 +is how it appears on the TV monitor. + +12:56.900 --> 12:59.060 +Shaky's vision programs analyze the + +12:59.060 --> 13:01.740 +picture and tell him that his path to the + +13:01.740 --> 13:04.640 +doorway is obstructed. He takes another TV + +13:04.640 --> 13:08.040 +picture of the obstructing object. Here we + +13:08.040 --> 13:09.920 +monitor on the cathode ray tube display + +13:09.920 --> 13:12.380 +the results of vision programs that + +13:12.380 --> 13:14.880 +enhance edges, identify the main regions + +13:14.880 --> 13:17.480 +of the scene and determine the location of + +13:17.480 --> 13:18.400 +the box on the floor. + +13:23.980 --> 13:26.720 +Once located, the object that blocks his + +13:26.720 --> 13:29.840 +path can be entered in Shakey's model and + +13:29.840 --> 13:31.520 +given a name, Box 2. + +13:37.640 --> 13:40.200 +Now Shakey realizes that he cannot carry + +13:40.200 --> 13:42.760 +out the original version of his plan. His + +13:42.760 --> 13:45.440 +first recourse is to see if some other + +13:45.440 --> 13:47.700 +version of the old plan might work. + +13:51.620 --> 13:54.280 +Shakey remembers the form of a plan and + +13:54.280 --> 13:58.180 +can substitute other symbols into the same + +13:58.180 --> 14:00.140 +form to produce another version of the + +14:00.140 --> 14:03.420 +plan. In this case, Shakey was fortunate. + +14:03.640 --> 14:05.480 +The new version will solve his problem. + +14:06.240 --> 14:08.380 +Otherwise, he would have had to use strips + +14:08.380 --> 14:11.100 +to make a brand new plan, possibly one + +14:11.100 --> 14:13.300 +that used the unblock action to clear the + +14:13.300 --> 14:17.480 +doorway. Here though, strips was not + +14:17.480 --> 14:20.000 +needed, so Shakey begins to execute the + +14:20.000 --> 14:23.080 +new version of the old plan. First he + +14:23.080 --> 14:24.660 +turns and goes to another door. + +14:40.040 --> 14:41.700 +He goes through the door + +14:50.400 --> 14:52.680 +and then goes over to the next door. + +15:11.840 --> 15:14.100 +Finally, he goes through the next doorway + +15:14.100 --> 15:16.340 +where he can use the intermediate level + +15:16.340 --> 15:19.260 +action block D4 with box one. + +15:44.060 --> 15:47.340 +The block program automatically plans a + +15:47.340 --> 15:49.940 +route to a pushing place behind box one. + +16:33.040 --> 16:35.120 +These lights come on whenever Shakey + +16:35.120 --> 16:37.320 +intends to push an object or back away + +16:37.320 --> 16:37.800 +from one. + +16:51.720 --> 16:53.960 +Shaky knows he has to maneuver box one + +16:53.960 --> 16:54.940 +around the wedge. + +17:40.280 --> 17:41.680 + + +17:52.260 --> 17:54.460 +Finally, box one is pushed in front of the + +17:54.460 --> 17:54.740 +doorway. + +18:35.800 --> 18:38.600 +When the task is completed, Shakey doesn't + +18:38.600 --> 18:39.980 +forget the plan he has generated. + +18:43.600 --> 18:45.940 +The form of this plan is remembered and + +18:45.940 --> 18:48.560 +stored away as a new action routine called + +18:48.560 --> 18:52.140 +Macrop 1. Macrop 1 is a learned macro + +18:52.140 --> 18:54.580 +action that takes Shakey from one room + +18:54.580 --> 18:57.060 +through an intermediate room and into a + +18:57.060 --> 19:00.960 +third where he blocks a doorway. When + +19:00.960 --> 19:03.280 +Macrop 1 is added to Shakey's action + +19:03.280 --> 19:06.120 +repertoire, a description of it is added + +19:06.120 --> 19:08.660 +to his model of actions so that strips can + +19:08.660 --> 19:10.500 +use it in planning more complex tasks. + +19:11.460 --> 19:13.480 +Let's see how Shakey makes use of this + +19:13.480 --> 19:15.680 +newly learned action to unblock the door + +19:15.680 --> 19:17.080 +that was blocked by Charlie. + +19:24.640 --> 19:27.580 +Strips is given the task in English and + +19:27.580 --> 19:30.040 +begins to analyze the available actions to + +19:30.040 --> 19:31.920 +determine which will help to solve the + +19:31.920 --> 19:32.240 +problem. + +19:36.480 --> 19:38.280 +Strips decides that it must apply the + +19:38.280 --> 19:41.140 +action unblock. To do so it has the sub + +19:41.140 --> 19:42.960 +problem of getting to the room containing + +19:42.960 --> 19:47.980 +box two. Strips solves this sub problem by + +19:47.980 --> 19:50.120 +using the first four components of Macrop + +19:50.120 --> 19:50.360 +1. + +19:53.660 --> 19:55.980 +The new plan is rapidly found to be a + +19:55.980 --> 19:57.900 +simple modification of the old one and + +19:57.900 --> 20:00.660 +Shakey is ready to execute it. This + +20:00.660 --> 20:02.720 +ability to learn enables Shakey to plan + +20:02.720 --> 20:04.900 +his second task in one-third the time that + +20:04.900 --> 20:06.060 +it took to plan his first plan. + +20:09.080 --> 20:12.200 +Let's watch Shakey execute the plan. First + +20:12.200 --> 20:14.380 +he uses the action go to D1. + +20:33.580 --> 20:35.720 +Shaky navigates around the wedge to get to + +20:35.720 --> 20:36.100 +the doorway. + +21:03.540 --> 21:09.960 +He goes through the first door and decides + +21:09.960 --> 21:12.340 +to take a TV picture to update his own + +21:12.340 --> 21:12.740 +location. + +21:30.480 --> 21:32.920 +The new location information is used to + +21:32.920 --> 21:34.520 +correct his position in the model. + +21:36.760 --> 21:39.200 +Confident of his position, Shakey turns to + +21:39.200 --> 21:40.400 +go to the next door. + +22:08.800 --> 22:11.260 +He goes through the door into the room + +22:11.260 --> 22:12.360 +containing box two. + +22:18.940 --> 22:21.480 +Once in this room, he can use the action + +22:21.480 --> 22:26.080 +unblock D3. He calculates an accessible + +22:26.080 --> 22:29.200 +pushing place and heads toward it to push + +22:29.200 --> 22:29.840 +the box away. + +23:22.180 --> 23:22.920 + + +23:25.960 --> 23:28.280 +Our experiments with Shakey have helped us + +23:28.280 --> 23:30.540 +learn more about how a computer can be + +23:30.540 --> 23:33.100 +programmed to control a robot. Continuing + +23:33.100 --> 23:35.960 +research at major centers like SRI will + +23:35.960 --> 23:38.180 +someday allow intelligent robots to leave + +23:38.180 --> 23:40.260 +the laboratory and enter the service of + +23:40.260 --> 23:40.440 +man. + +24:22.320 --> 24:22.960 + + +24:31.220 --> 24:34.020 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/tw602gm2722_a_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/tw602gm2722_a_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bdba9af --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/tw602gm2722_a_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,2438 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:03.020 +One in the middle that's taken. One over + +00:03.020 --> 00:05.820 +here, two over here. Maybe people in the + +00:05.820 --> 00:06.700 +aisles can move in. + +00:15.080 --> 00:18.080 +Any more? A couple over here. + +00:31.200 --> 00:33.880 +My name is Wanda Korn. I'm director of the + +00:33.880 --> 00:36.500 +Stanford Humanities Center. It's the + +00:36.500 --> 00:38.820 +Stanford Humanities Center, which is a + +00:38.820 --> 00:41.440 +research institute on campus dedicated to + +00:41.440 --> 00:43.700 +arts and letters, that has been hosting + +00:43.700 --> 00:45.640 +Joseph Brodsky's visit here this week. + +00:46.220 --> 00:48.980 +This is the last of four public + +00:48.980 --> 00:53.360 +presentations and many more informal ones + +00:53.360 --> 00:56.140 +that Mr. Brodsky has made on campus this + +00:56.140 --> 00:59.300 +week. In fact, as a matter of curiosity, I + +00:59.300 --> 01:00.940 +wonder how many of you in the audience + +01:00.940 --> 01:03.800 +tonight have attended another event with + +01:03.800 --> 01:10.020 +our visitor this week. Thank you. For + +01:10.020 --> 01:11.920 +those of you who have been able to hear + +01:11.920 --> 01:15.000 +Mr. Brodsky this week, each time on a + +01:15.000 --> 01:17.680 +different subject, I'm sure you would + +01:17.680 --> 01:19.420 +agree that there is something very special + +01:19.420 --> 01:21.480 +and unusual about about having the + +01:21.480 --> 01:24.820 +opportunity to hear a gifted person give, + +01:24.920 --> 01:27.280 +as it were, different pieces of himself in + +01:27.280 --> 01:31.320 +a concentrated period of time. While an + +01:31.320 --> 01:34.620 +exhausting marathon for our speaker, it is + +01:34.620 --> 01:36.700 +extremely enriching for those on campus. + +01:37.200 --> 01:40.500 +And by way of introduction, I want to tell + +01:40.500 --> 01:43.140 +you how Joseph Brodsky's visit came about. + +01:43.140 --> 01:47.420 +out. If you've read your program, you know + +01:47.420 --> 01:49.400 +that Rhoda and Elliot Leventhal + +01:49.400 --> 01:52.320 +established a new endowment last year at + +01:52.320 --> 01:55.140 +the Stanford Humanities Center, one that + +01:55.140 --> 01:57.420 +they specially designed to bring to campus + +01:57.420 --> 02:00.640 +persons of significant achievement in + +02:00.640 --> 02:03.860 +humanities and world affairs. It was the + +02:03.860 --> 02:05.980 +Leventhal's idea that this visitor should + +02:05.980 --> 02:08.320 +not just come, give a lecture or reading, + +02:08.480 --> 02:11.160 +and go, but rather to stay long enough on + +02:11.160 --> 02:13.080 +campus to have significant interaction + +02:13.080 --> 02:16.080 +with students, faculty, and others in the + +02:16.080 --> 02:19.620 +Stanford community. Joseph Brodsky has + +02:19.620 --> 02:21.600 +been the first Leventhal distinguished + +02:22.010 --> 02:24.960 +visitor and a most generous visitor he has + +02:24.960 --> 02:28.720 +been. Listening to his presentations has + +02:28.720 --> 02:30.380 +been rather like absorbing a cubist + +02:30.380 --> 02:33.460 +painting, a new facet or layer building + +02:33.460 --> 02:35.480 +each day into into a fuller portrait. + +02:36.820 --> 02:39.040 +Monday, the Mount Holyoke teacher of + +02:39.040 --> 02:41.820 +literature. Tuesday, the meditative + +02:41.820 --> 02:44.380 +essayist that we read in the New Republic + +02:44.380 --> 02:45.920 +and the New York Review of Books. + +02:46.900 --> 02:49.400 +Wednesday, the seasoned and mature poet + +02:49.740 --> 02:52.420 +talking about his craft. And tonight, + +02:52.620 --> 02:55.280 +Thursday, the Nobel Prize winning poet and + +02:55.280 --> 02:57.480 +fifth poet laureate of the United States. + +02:58.820 --> 03:02.600 +I'm reminded at the end of this week of + +03:02.600 --> 03:05.320 +one of the qualities Mr. Brodsky said he + +03:05.320 --> 03:08.100 +admired in the poetry of Thomas Hardy and + +03:08.100 --> 03:10.980 +Robert Frost a quality called expansive + +03:10.980 --> 03:14.060 +motion. The expansive motion of a line. + +03:14.280 --> 03:17.440 +It's continually opening out. It's a + +03:17.440 --> 03:20.660 +similar expansiveness and unfolding that + +03:20.660 --> 03:22.560 +so many of us have experienced this week + +03:22.560 --> 03:26.120 +in the man himself. So in your welcoming + +03:26.120 --> 03:28.620 +applause I hope you will pay tribute + +03:28.620 --> 03:31.700 +tonight not only to the poet, artist, + +03:31.940 --> 03:34.340 +teacher, philosopher who will read for us + +03:34.340 --> 03:37.180 +this evening, but also include a thank you + +03:37.180 --> 03:39.660 +to the Leventhals who made it possible for + +03:39.660 --> 03:42.320 +him to spend this full week at Stanford. + +03:42.580 --> 03:45.120 +Thank you, Joseph. Thank you, Rhoda and + +03:45.120 --> 03:45.360 +Elliot. + +04:03.560 --> 04:04.360 +Thank you. + +04:08.320 --> 04:09.000 +Good evening. + +04:14.300 --> 04:17.580 +We'll be here for about one hour, and in + +04:17.580 --> 04:20.200 +the course of that hour, I'm going to read + +04:20.200 --> 04:23.680 +you a few poems. Most of them I'll read to + +04:23.680 --> 04:25.000 +you in English, but three or four, + +04:25.080 --> 04:27.780 +presumably, I will read both in English + +04:27.780 --> 04:31.060 +and in Russian. I wish actually it were + +04:31.060 --> 04:35.960 +the other way around because English is + +04:35.960 --> 04:38.140 +far from being my mother tongue and well, + +04:38.280 --> 04:42.180 +there's plenty of accent in it. So the + +04:42.180 --> 04:46.720 +only thing I can, well, I cannot hope for + +04:46.720 --> 04:50.120 +you is your indulgence and I'll try to do + +04:50.120 --> 04:53.420 +my level best. + +04:57.440 --> 05:02.040 +Well, I would like to start. I'm not so + +05:02.040 --> 05:06.200 +sure that this is a true thing that I'm + +05:06.200 --> 05:07.620 +trying to say that I would like to start. + +05:07.880 --> 05:09.600 +Actually, I wouldn't like to start at all. + +05:15.300 --> 05:18.480 +But I think I would like, I think I will + +05:18.480 --> 05:20.680 +start with the poem. + +05:23.680 --> 05:26.680 +It's a somewhat oldish poem. It's the + +05:26.680 --> 05:30.080 +title of this poem is Letters from the + +05:30.080 --> 05:33.500 +Ming Dynasty. It consists of two parts. + +05:34.100 --> 05:35.380 +Obviously, Obviously these are not the + +05:35.380 --> 05:39.620 +real letters, it's a stylization. The + +05:39.620 --> 05:44.880 +poem, the first part is a letter by a + +05:44.880 --> 05:50.520 +woman by Kurtier, something like a lady in + +05:50.520 --> 05:54.000 +waiting to her traveling faraway husband. + +05:54.720 --> 05:56.980 +And the second poem is the husband's + +05:56.980 --> 05:59.920 +presumed reply. Oh, you ought to know for + +05:59.920 --> 06:04.740 +the purposes of the poem. well, I mean for + +06:04.740 --> 06:06.380 +the purposes of better grasping what's + +06:06.380 --> 06:08.480 +going on is that while the Ming Dynasty is + +06:08.480 --> 06:12.520 +about the most cruel dynasty in the + +06:12.520 --> 06:15.280 +history of China, it was awfully good on + +06:15.280 --> 06:17.540 +the artifacts as well. The red Ming vases + +06:17.540 --> 06:21.480 +are justly famous. The expression land + +06:21.480 --> 06:25.760 +under heaven stands for, it's a euphemism + +06:25.760 --> 06:28.140 +for the celestial empire, which is in its + +06:28.140 --> 06:32.120 +own right, the euphemic name for China and + +06:32.120 --> 06:36.000 +the word Li is something like one-third of + +06:36.000 --> 06:40.200 +a mile in length and well hieroglyphs + +06:40.200 --> 06:41.720 +obviously it's sort of some of the + +06:41.720 --> 06:44.140 +mistranslation the word hieroglyph it's + +06:44.140 --> 06:49.780 +always like a character. Well letters from + +06:49.780 --> 06:53.380 +the Ming dynasty. I read it to you in + +06:53.380 --> 06:54.900 +English and in Russian. + +06:58.640 --> 07:02.720 +Soon it will be 13 years soon it will be + +07:02.720 --> 07:05.900 +13 years since the nightingale fluttered + +07:05.900 --> 07:09.180 +out of its cage and vanished and at + +07:09.180 --> 07:11.860 +nightfall the Emperor washes down his + +07:11.860 --> 07:14.040 +medicine with the blood of another tailor + +07:14.040 --> 07:17.420 +then propped on silk pillows turns on a + +07:17.420 --> 07:20.100 +jeweled bird that lulls him with its level + +07:20.100 --> 07:23.240 +identical song. It's this sort of + +07:23.240 --> 07:26.120 +anniversary, unnumbered, wrong that we + +07:26.120 --> 07:28.640 +celebrate these days in our land and the + +07:28.640 --> 07:31.240 +heaven. The special mirror that smooths + +07:31.240 --> 07:34.560 +wrinkles even costs more every year. Our + +07:34.560 --> 07:36.960 +small garden is choked with weeds, the sky + +07:36.960 --> 07:40.040 +too is pierced by spires like pins in the + +07:40.040 --> 07:42.120 +shoulder blades of someone so sick that + +07:42.120 --> 07:43.640 +his back is all we're allowed to see. + +07:46.960 --> 07:50.080 +And begins to joke. This letter to you, + +07:50.180 --> 07:54.280 +beloved, from your wild duck is brushed on + +07:54.280 --> 07:56.640 +the scented rice paper given me by the + +07:56.640 --> 08:00.340 +empress. Lately there is no rice, but the + +08:00.340 --> 08:04.820 +flow of rice paper is endless. A thousand + +08:04.820 --> 08:07.300 +-lea long road starts with the first step + +08:07.300 --> 08:10.600 +as the proverb goes. Pity the road home + +08:10.600 --> 08:13.220 +doesn't depend on that same step. It + +08:13.220 --> 08:15.840 +exceeds ten times a thousand Li, + +08:16.000 --> 08:19.140 +especially counting from zeros. One + +08:19.140 --> 08:23.180 +thousand Li, two thousand Li. A thousand + +08:23.180 --> 08:27.320 +means thou shalt not ever see thy native + +08:27.320 --> 08:30.000 +place. And the meaninglessness, like a + +08:30.000 --> 08:32.520 +plague, spreads from words onto numbers, + +08:32.700 --> 08:35.380 +onto zeros especially. Wind blows us + +08:35.380 --> 08:38.200 +westward like the yellow tears from a + +08:38.200 --> 08:40.840 +dried pod there by the wall towers. + +08:41.400 --> 08:43.600 +Against it, man's figure is ugly and stiff + +08:43.600 --> 08:46.180 +as a frightening hieroglyph, as any + +08:46.180 --> 08:49.280 +illegible scripture at which one stares. + +08:49.960 --> 08:52.680 +This pull in one direction only has made + +08:52.680 --> 08:55.040 +me something elongated, like a horse's + +08:55.040 --> 08:58.440 +head, and all the body should do is span + +08:58.440 --> 09:01.120 +by its shadow, rustling across the wild + +09:01.120 --> 09:04.740 +barleys with a blade. I know the same poem + +09:04.740 --> 09:07.920 +in Russian. The letters of the Ming + +09:07.920 --> 09:08.160 +dynasty. + +09:35.160 --> 09:37.660 +not a happy, not a good anniversary + +09:38.700 --> 09:42.720 +special mirror smoothing wrinkles every + +09:42.720 --> 09:46.120 +year our little garden is born in decline + +09:46.120 --> 09:49.120 +the sky is also cut with spines like a + +09:49.120 --> 09:50.820 +shoulder blade and the back of a sick + +09:50.820 --> 09:53.780 +person whose back we only see and + +09:53.780 --> 09:56.620 +sometimes I explain to my son the nature + +09:56.620 --> 09:59.260 +of the Bogdekhan of the stars and he lets + +09:59.260 --> 10:02.380 +go of the joke this is a letter from you + +10:28.980 --> 10:38.600 +бурь is reading from oh 1000 or 2000 or + +10:38.600 --> 10:43.400 +1000 means that you are now far from the + +10:43.400 --> 10:45.720 +native blood and the plague of nonsense + +10:45.720 --> 10:48.600 +from the word is transferred to the + +10:48.600 --> 10:51.660 +numbers especially at zero the wind + +10:51.660 --> 10:54.720 +carries us to the west like a storm and + +10:54.720 --> 10:54.960 +seeds + +11:25.000 --> 11:27.720 +Well, let's switch to something else. + +11:36.340 --> 11:37.180 +Well, + +11:39.560 --> 11:42.500 +the title of the next poem is + +11:42.500 --> 11:44.300 +Transatlantic. + +11:46.780 --> 11:47.840 +It's a short poem. + +11:51.540 --> 11:54.400 +The last 20 years were good for + +11:54.400 --> 11:57.840 +practically everybody, save the dead. But + +11:57.840 --> 12:00.800 +maybe for them as well. Maybe the Almighty + +12:00.800 --> 12:03.620 +himself has turned a bit bourgeois and + +12:03.620 --> 12:06.440 +uses a credit card. For otherwise, time's + +12:06.440 --> 12:09.120 +passage makes no sense. Hence memories, + +12:09.480 --> 12:12.580 +recollections, values, deportment. One + +12:12.580 --> 12:15.140 +hopes one hasn't spent one's mother or + +12:15.140 --> 12:16.980 +father or both or a handful of friends + +12:16.980 --> 12:19.920 +entirely as this is to hound one's dreams + +12:19.920 --> 12:23.680 +One's dreams, unlike the city, become less + +12:23.680 --> 12:26.780 +populous the older one gets That's why the + +12:26.780 --> 12:30.380 +eternal rest cancels analysis The last 20 + +12:30.380 --> 12:33.020 +years were good for practically everybody + +12:33.020 --> 12:35.540 +and constituted the afterlife for the dead + +12:35.540 --> 12:38.260 +Its quality could be questioned, but not + +12:38.260 --> 12:41.360 +its duration The dead one assumes would + +12:41.360 --> 12:44.200 +not mind attaining a homely status and + +12:44.200 --> 12:46.660 +sleep in archways or watch pregnant + +12:46.660 --> 12:49.200 +submarines returning to their native pen + +12:49.200 --> 12:51.620 +after a worldwide journey without + +12:51.620 --> 12:54.540 +destroying life on earth, without even a + +12:54.540 --> 12:56.180 +proper flag to hoist. + +13:03.160 --> 13:07.500 +The next poem is somewhat longish. Indeed, + +13:07.580 --> 13:11.460 +it's a fairly long poem. It's called An + +13:11.460 --> 13:14.220 +Admonition. essentially it's an advice to + +13:14.220 --> 13:14.660 +a traveler. + +13:22.880 --> 13:23.720 +Admonition. + +13:26.720 --> 13:30.780 +Trekking in Asia, spending nights in odd + +13:30.780 --> 13:34.040 +dwellings, in granaries, cabins, shacks, + +13:34.280 --> 13:37.620 +timber abodes whose thin, squinted window + +13:37.620 --> 13:40.500 +panes harness the world, sleep dressed + +13:40.500 --> 13:43.460 +wrapped in your sheepskin and do your best + +13:43.460 --> 13:45.340 +always to tuck your head into the corner + +13:45.340 --> 13:47.960 +as in the corner it's harder and a + +13:47.960 --> 13:50.480 +darkness of that to swing an axe over your + +13:50.480 --> 13:53.080 +heavy booze laden Gerd and to chop it off + +13:53.080 --> 13:57.060 +nicely square the circle in short fear bro + +13:57.060 --> 14:00.400 +cheekbones including the moons poke marked + +14:00.400 --> 14:03.240 +skin and prefer blue eyes to brown eyes + +14:03.240 --> 14:05.620 +search hard for the blue ones especially + +14:05.620 --> 14:07.520 +when When the road takes you into the + +14:07.520 --> 14:10.640 +wood, into its thick, on the hole as for + +14:10.640 --> 14:12.880 +the eyes, one should watch for they cut. + +14:13.280 --> 14:15.880 +For at your last instant it's better to + +14:15.880 --> 14:18.340 +stare at that which though cold, pyramids + +14:18.340 --> 14:21.260 +sink through, ice may crack, yet wallowing + +14:21.260 --> 14:23.580 +in an ice hole is far better than in honey + +14:23.580 --> 14:27.000 +-like viscous lies. Always pick a house + +14:27.000 --> 14:29.760 +with baby clothes hanging out in the yard. + +14:30.120 --> 14:32.900 +Deal only with the over 50 crowd. A hick + +14:32.900 --> 14:35.420 +at that age knows too much about fate to + +14:35.420 --> 14:37.600 +gain anything by attempting to bust your + +14:37.600 --> 14:40.720 +brain. Same thing as squaw. Hide money in + +14:40.720 --> 14:42.920 +your fur coats, collar, or if you are + +14:42.920 --> 14:44.980 +traveling light, in your brown culotte + +14:44.980 --> 14:47.240 +under the knee, but not in your boots, + +14:47.320 --> 14:49.100 +since they'll find the door easily there + +14:49.100 --> 14:52.360 +in Asia. Boots are the first to go. In the + +14:52.360 --> 14:55.400 +mountains, move slowly. If you must creep, + +14:55.620 --> 14:58.700 +then creep. Magnificent in the distance, + +14:58.980 --> 15:01.400 +meaningless closer up, mountains about the + +15:01.400 --> 15:04.300 +surface standing on end. The snail-like + +15:04.300 --> 15:06.800 +and it seems horizontal meandering trail + +15:06.800 --> 15:10.640 +is in fact vertical. Laying flat in the + +15:10.640 --> 15:13.440 +mountains you stand. Standing up you lie + +15:13.440 --> 15:15.660 +flat which suggests your true freedom + +15:15.660 --> 15:17.820 +isn't falling down. That's the way it + +15:17.820 --> 15:20.320 +appears to conquer once in the mountains + +15:20.320 --> 15:24.400 +vertigo ruptures fears. If somebody yells + +15:24.400 --> 15:28.260 +hey stranger don't answer. Play deaf and + +15:28.260 --> 15:30.960 +dumb. Even though you may know it, don't + +15:30.960 --> 15:33.480 +speak the tongue. Try not to stand out, + +15:33.580 --> 15:36.900 +even in profile or full face. Simply don't + +15:36.900 --> 15:39.580 +wash your face at times. What's more, when + +15:39.580 --> 15:43.420 +the rip occurs, throw it with a saw. Don't + +15:43.420 --> 15:46.040 +cringe. Smoking douse your body with + +15:46.040 --> 15:48.320 +spittle. And besides, arrange to wear + +15:48.320 --> 15:50.820 +gray, the hue of the earth, especially + +15:50.820 --> 15:53.260 +under clothes, to reduce the temptation to + +15:53.260 --> 15:56.040 +blend your flesh with earth. When you halt + +15:56.040 --> 15:58.640 +in the desert, make an arrow from pebbles. + +15:58.800 --> 16:01.040 +So if suddenly woken up, you'll grasp + +16:01.040 --> 16:03.440 +which way to go in the darkness. At night, + +16:03.580 --> 16:06.640 +demons in deserts try travelers' hearts. + +16:06.980 --> 16:08.980 +One who heeds their cry is easily + +16:08.980 --> 16:11.440 +disoriented. One steps sideways and well, + +16:11.580 --> 16:14.560 +said two. Ghosts, specters, demons are at + +16:14.560 --> 16:16.600 +home in the desert. You too will discover + +16:16.600 --> 16:19.100 +that's true when sand creaking under your + +16:19.100 --> 16:21.160 +soul. All that remains of you is your + +16:21.160 --> 16:25.040 +soul. So nobody ever knows anything for a + +16:25.040 --> 16:27.580 +fact. Gazing ahead at your stooping + +16:27.580 --> 16:30.280 +guides, sturdy bark think that you gaze at + +16:30.280 --> 16:32.480 +the future, and keep your distance if that + +16:32.480 --> 16:35.080 +is possible from him. Since in principle + +16:35.080 --> 16:37.540 +life also means but a distance between + +16:37.540 --> 16:39.900 +here and there, and quickening the pace, + +16:40.040 --> 16:42.380 +pace only when you discern the sound + +16:42.380 --> 16:44.660 +behind of those running after you down the + +16:44.660 --> 16:46.540 +path, with lowered heads be they + +16:46.540 --> 16:49.740 +murderers, thieves, the past. in the saw + +16:49.740 --> 16:54.400 +with a frogs of rocks in the burned down + +16:54.400 --> 16:57.400 +his fume prized in difference of things to + +16:57.400 --> 17:00.300 +being regarded from afar and in turn lose + +17:00.300 --> 17:02.260 +your own silhouette turning thus + +17:02.260 --> 17:05.700 +unattainable for binoculars gendarmes mass + +17:05.700 --> 17:09.040 +coughing in the cloud of dust wading + +17:09.040 --> 17:12.640 +through mud Mac map what difference does + +17:12.640 --> 17:14.660 +it make how you would look close up close + +17:14.660 --> 17:17.440 +up it's even better if some character with + +17:17.440 --> 17:19.780 +a blade figures Figures out you're a + +17:19.780 --> 17:23.120 +stranger a bit too late. Rivers in Asia + +17:23.120 --> 17:26.480 +are longer than elsewhere. More rich in + +17:26.480 --> 17:29.640 +alluvium that is murkier. As you reach for + +17:29.640 --> 17:31.980 +a mouthful, your cupped fingers ladle + +17:31.980 --> 17:34.600 +sealed. And one who has drunk this water + +17:34.600 --> 17:37.560 +would prefer it spilled. Never trust its + +17:37.560 --> 17:40.440 +reflection. Crossing it, cross it on a + +17:40.440 --> 17:42.540 +raft built with no other hands but the + +17:42.540 --> 17:45.000 +pair you own. Note that the gleam of + +17:45.000 --> 17:47.680 +campfire, your nightly bliss, will by + +17:47.680 --> 17:49.920 +sliding downstream betray you to enemies. + +17:50.260 --> 17:53.000 +In your letters from these parts, don't + +17:53.000 --> 17:55.100 +divulge whom and what you've seen on your + +17:55.100 --> 17:57.460 +way. If anything should be penned, use + +17:57.460 --> 18:00.080 +your various feelings, musings, regrets at + +18:00.080 --> 18:02.440 +all. A letter can be intercepted and after + +18:02.440 --> 18:05.760 +all, the movement of a pen across paper is + +18:05.760 --> 18:08.100 +in itself the worsening of the break + +18:08.100 --> 18:10.340 +between you and those with whom you won't + +18:10.340 --> 18:12.500 +any longer sit or lie down with whom. + +18:12.500 --> 18:15.120 +unlike the letter you won't share who + +18:15.120 --> 18:19.300 +cares why a home when you stand on a stony + +18:19.300 --> 18:23.720 +on an empty stony plateau alone under the + +18:23.720 --> 18:26.680 +fathomless dome of Asia in whose blueness + +18:26.680 --> 18:29.540 +an airplane or an angel sometimes sweeps + +18:29.540 --> 18:32.380 +up its starch or star when you're + +18:32.380 --> 18:34.280 +shattered how infinitesimally small you + +18:34.280 --> 18:37.880 +are remember space that appears to need + +18:37.880 --> 18:41.000 +nothing does crave as a matter of fact an + +18:41.000 --> 18:44.340 +outside gaze, a criterion of emptiness, of + +18:44.340 --> 18:47.740 +its depth and scope, and it's only you who + +18:47.740 --> 18:48.560 +can do the job. + +19:00.560 --> 19:06.700 +The title of the next poem is + +19:06.700 --> 19:08.260 +a footnote to weather forecasts. + +19:21.120 --> 19:24.420 +A footnote to weather forecasts. + +19:27.660 --> 19:30.780 +A garden alley with statues of hardened + +19:30.780 --> 19:35.240 +mud, akin to knurled, stunted tree trunks. + +19:35.840 --> 19:40.220 +Some of them I knew personally, the rest I + +19:40.220 --> 19:43.840 +see for the first time ever. Presumably + +19:43.840 --> 19:45.660 +they are gods of local woods and streams, + +19:46.160 --> 19:49.180 +guardians of silence. As for the feminine + +19:49.180 --> 19:51.540 +shapes, nymphs and so forth, they look + +19:51.540 --> 19:53.900 +thought-like, that is unfinished, each one + +19:53.900 --> 19:56.860 +strives to keep, even here, in the future + +19:56.860 --> 20:00.060 +that came, her vagrant status. status. A + +20:00.060 --> 20:02.000 +cheap monk won't pop up and cross the + +20:02.000 --> 20:04.980 +path. No bird song is audible, nor + +20:04.980 --> 20:08.460 +moreover a motor. The future is a panacea + +20:08.460 --> 20:11.100 +against anything prone to repetition, and + +20:11.100 --> 20:12.600 +in the sky they're scattered like a + +20:12.600 --> 20:14.880 +bachelor's clothes. Clouds turned inside + +20:14.880 --> 20:18.340 +out, oppressed. It smells of conifer. This + +20:18.340 --> 20:20.020 +prickly substance of not so familiar + +20:20.020 --> 20:23.740 +places. Sculptures loom in the twilight, + +20:23.840 --> 20:25.980 +darkening thanks to the proximity to each + +20:25.980 --> 20:28.240 +other, thanks to the indifference of the + +20:28.240 --> 20:30.960 +surrounding landscape. Should any one of + +20:30.960 --> 20:33.380 +them speak, you would sigh, rather than + +20:33.380 --> 20:36.580 +gasp or shudder. Upon hearing well-known + +20:36.580 --> 20:38.660 +voices, hearing something like, the child + +20:38.660 --> 20:41.380 +wasn't yours, or true, I testified against + +20:41.380 --> 20:44.120 +him, but out of fear, not jealousy, petty, + +20:44.320 --> 20:46.840 +20-odd-year-old secrets of pure blind + +20:46.840 --> 20:49.520 +hearts, obsessed with a silly quest for + +20:49.520 --> 20:52.480 +power over their likes, the best ones + +20:52.480 --> 20:55.280 +among the worst ones, the executioners and + +20:55.280 --> 20:57.760 +the victims. It's good that someone else's + +20:57.760 --> 21:00.920 +memories interfere with your own. It's + +21:00.920 --> 21:02.720 +good that some of these figures to you + +21:02.720 --> 21:06.720 +appear alien. Their presence hints at + +21:06.720 --> 21:09.100 +different events, at a different sort of + +21:09.100 --> 21:11.080 +fate, perhaps not a better one, yet + +21:11.080 --> 21:13.420 +clearly the one that you missed. This + +21:13.420 --> 21:15.620 +unshackles memory more than imagination, + +21:16.040 --> 21:19.180 +not forever of course, but for a while, to + +21:19.180 --> 21:21.120 +learn that you've been deceived, It seems + +21:21.120 --> 21:23.840 +that you've been completely forgotten all + +21:23.840 --> 21:25.840 +the other way around, that you are still + +21:25.840 --> 21:28.680 +being hated is extremely unpleasant. But + +21:28.680 --> 21:31.340 +to regard yourself as the hub of even + +21:31.340 --> 21:34.020 +negligible universe, unbearable and + +21:34.020 --> 21:38.000 +indecent, a rare, perhaps the only visitor + +21:38.000 --> 21:41.360 +to these parts, I have, I suppose, a right + +21:41.360 --> 21:44.460 +to describe the observed. Here it is, our + +21:44.460 --> 21:47.960 +little Valhalla, our long-overgrown estate + +21:47.960 --> 21:51.380 +in time with a handful of mortgage souls + +21:51.380 --> 21:54.120 +with its meadows where sharpened sickle + +21:54.120 --> 21:56.980 +won't roam in all likelihood with abandon + +21:56.980 --> 22:00.820 +and where snowflakes float in the air as a + +22:00.820 --> 22:03.320 +good example of poise in a vacuum. + +22:08.420 --> 22:11.400 +Well, something lighter. + +22:20.740 --> 22:23.560 +The title of this poem is an epitaph for a + +22:23.560 --> 22:26.640 +centaur. You know, there's a half horse, + +22:26.700 --> 22:32.860 +half human creature. Richard. Epitaph for + +22:32.860 --> 22:33.380 +a centaur. + +22:37.460 --> 22:40.760 +To say that he was unhappy is either to + +22:40.760 --> 22:43.860 +say too much or too little, depending on + +22:43.860 --> 22:46.800 +who's the audience. Still, the smell he'd + +22:46.800 --> 22:49.420 +give off was a bit too odious, and his + +22:49.420 --> 22:52.640 +canter was also quite hard to match. He + +22:52.640 --> 22:54.740 +said they meant just a monument, but + +22:54.740 --> 22:57.040 +something went astray. The the womb, the + +22:57.040 --> 22:59.840 +assembly line, the economy, or else the + +22:59.840 --> 23:02.640 +war never happened. They befriended the + +23:02.640 --> 23:07.460 +enemy, and he was left... Well, let me + +23:07.460 --> 23:09.260 +start again, because it's kind of filled + +23:09.260 --> 23:09.520 +up. + +23:12.420 --> 23:15.000 +To say that he was unhappy is either to + +23:15.000 --> 23:18.080 +say too much or too little, depending on + +23:18.080 --> 23:20.760 +who's the audience. Still, the smell he'd + +23:20.760 --> 23:22.400 +give off was a bit too odious, and his + +23:22.400 --> 23:25.700 +canter was also quite hard to match. He + +23:25.700 --> 23:27.800 +said they meant just a monument, but + +23:27.800 --> 23:30.140 +something went astray. The womb, the + +23:30.140 --> 23:32.840 +assembly line, the economy. Where else the + +23:32.840 --> 23:34.860 +war never happened? They befriended the + +23:34.860 --> 23:36.820 +enemy, and he was left as it is, + +23:36.880 --> 23:38.600 +presumably to portray intransigence, + +23:38.860 --> 23:41.180 +incompatibility, that sort of thing which + +23:41.180 --> 23:43.240 +proves not so much one's uniqueness or + +23:43.240 --> 23:45.880 +virtue, but probability. For years, + +23:45.960 --> 23:48.920 +resembling a cloud, he wandered in olive + +23:48.920 --> 23:52.140 +groves, marveling at one-leggedness, the + +23:52.140 --> 23:54.640 +mother of immobility, learned to lie to + +23:54.640 --> 23:57.720 +himself and turned it into an art for want + +23:57.720 --> 24:00.620 +of a better company, also to check his + +24:00.620 --> 24:03.580 +sanity. And he died fairly young because + +24:03.580 --> 24:05.580 +his animal part turned out to be less + +24:05.580 --> 24:07.140 +durable than his humanity. + +24:15.720 --> 24:18.780 +I understand we like short and simple + +24:18.780 --> 24:19.720 +stuff, don't we? + +24:25.720 --> 24:29.940 +Okay, here's one example of that. One + +24:29.940 --> 24:30.160 +more. + +24:33.760 --> 24:34.560 +A song. + +24:38.220 --> 24:42.400 +I wish you were here, dear. I wish you + +24:42.400 --> 24:46.520 +were here. I wish you sat on the sofa and + +24:46.520 --> 24:49.380 +I sat near. The handkerchief could be + +24:49.380 --> 24:52.440 +yours. The tear could be mine, chin bound + +24:52.440 --> 24:54.320 +Though it could be, of course, the other + +24:54.320 --> 24:57.820 +way around I wish you were here, dear I + +24:57.820 --> 25:01.460 +wish you were here I wish we were in my + +25:01.460 --> 25:04.560 +car And you'd shift the gear We'd find + +25:04.560 --> 25:07.920 +ourselves elsewhere On an unknown shore Or + +25:07.920 --> 25:09.480 +else we'd repair to where we've been + +25:09.480 --> 25:13.380 +before I wish you were here, dear I wish + +25:13.380 --> 25:16.140 +you were here I wish I knew no astronomy + +25:16.140 --> 25:19.540 +When stars appear When the moon skims the + +25:19.540 --> 25:22.340 +water that sighs and shifts in its lumber. + +25:22.700 --> 25:25.020 +I wish it were still a quarter to dial + +25:25.020 --> 25:27.780 +your number. I wish you were here, dear, + +25:28.040 --> 25:31.740 +in this hemisphere. As I sit on the porch, + +25:31.820 --> 25:35.480 +sipping a beer. It's evening, the sun is + +25:35.480 --> 25:38.900 +setting, boys shout and girls are crying. + +25:39.320 --> 25:41.560 +What's the point of forgetting if it's + +25:41.560 --> 25:42.340 +followed by dying? + +25:53.700 --> 25:56.780 +The title of this poem is Lines for the + +25:56.780 --> 26:01.680 +Winter Recess. It's for the recess of the + +26:01.680 --> 26:04.020 +Congress, of the US Congress. Well, I + +26:04.020 --> 26:05.660 +spent indeed the last year in Washington, + +26:05.960 --> 26:11.120 +and here's the sort of a byproduct, if you + +26:11.120 --> 26:16.260 +will. Though the best, I think, outcome of + +26:16.260 --> 26:18.760 +a year spent in Washington in the Library + +26:18.760 --> 26:21.700 +of Congress was the following two-liner, + +26:21.800 --> 26:24.380 +of which I'm terribly proud. It goes like + +26:24.380 --> 26:29.100 +this. I sit at my desk. My life is + +26:29.100 --> 26:29.700 +grotesque. + +26:34.180 --> 26:34.740 +Okay. + +26:38.520 --> 26:39.120 +Okay. + +26:41.640 --> 26:45.840 +Lines for the winter recess. Well, it + +26:45.840 --> 26:47.660 +starts with a description, with somewhat + +26:47.660 --> 26:50.160 +fanciful, perhaps some of you, description + +26:50.160 --> 26:52.240 +of the capital in winter. + +26:56.160 --> 26:59.620 +A hard-boiled egg, cupped by the marble + +26:59.620 --> 27:03.780 +cold, cracks showing its evening yoke. The + +27:03.780 --> 27:06.260 +infinite avenue gobbles up cubes, + +27:06.440 --> 27:09.420 +rhomboids perlilipipeds, with preglacial + +27:09.420 --> 27:12.600 +appetite and simile in geometry. A + +27:12.600 --> 27:14.580 +snowbound airfield is lapping the neither + +27:14.580 --> 27:17.400 +milk nor honey of the meandering local + +27:17.400 --> 27:20.140 +river, sluggish, reluctant to make the + +27:20.140 --> 27:23.180 +ocean. Gentlemen, these are the good old + +27:23.180 --> 27:25.960 +days. Your toxic up on the highway still + +27:25.960 --> 27:28.980 +overtakes a hearse. A wolf flies down + +27:28.980 --> 27:31.600 +eagerly with a lamb or lame duck, sighting + +27:31.600 --> 27:34.080 +low temperature, green hues survive + +27:34.080 --> 27:37.000 +nevertheless in the streetlights. The mow + +27:37.000 --> 27:39.900 +unbundles things overseas, the richer ones + +27:39.900 --> 27:42.460 +cuisine, and if stocks don't shoot up any + +27:42.460 --> 27:44.600 +longer like obelisks, they still bear + +27:44.600 --> 27:48.160 +resemblance to dory columns holding a + +27:48.160 --> 27:50.220 +portico tight while beggars murder + +27:50.220 --> 27:54.500 +beggars. Lyrical and myopic stars blink in + +27:54.500 --> 27:57.200 +the winter sky like suburbia after hours, + +27:57.440 --> 28:00.220 +full of prayers sensitive to elapse in + +28:00.220 --> 28:02.620 +gravity but unconscious of its limits in + +28:02.620 --> 28:05.680 +fact quite expanding and yet the future + +28:05.680 --> 28:08.620 +surrounding your tender issue with + +28:08.620 --> 28:11.260 +bathroom tiles from onana Republic or + +28:11.260 --> 28:13.640 +manufactured locally is nowhere inside + +28:13.640 --> 28:17.280 +this are the good old days still with the + +28:17.280 --> 28:19.320 +quaint attractions with the unfinished + +28:19.320 --> 28:22.440 +business since frankly even a single swarm + +28:22.440 --> 28:25.600 +equals two in profile which which foils + +28:25.600 --> 28:27.760 +reflection if not applause, sincere + +28:27.760 --> 28:31.100 +window, past midnight, gleams, like a + +28:31.100 --> 28:32.900 +Chinaman scanning the yellow pages, + +28:33.120 --> 28:35.720 +stalling dreams, with their routine flat + +28:35.720 --> 28:39.920 +tire, with red meat curting knives, or a + +28:39.920 --> 28:41.420 +pasture, its herbivores. + +28:44.400 --> 28:49.460 +And here's something different. Well, it's + +28:49.460 --> 28:53.380 +a song of welcome. I should have read it + +28:53.380 --> 28:57.660 +at the beginning. Song of welcome. + +29:04.760 --> 29:07.260 +Here is your mom, here is your dad, + +29:07.520 --> 29:11.820 +welcome to being they flesh and blood, why + +29:11.820 --> 29:14.760 +do you look so sad? Here's your food, + +29:14.960 --> 29:18.120 +here's your drink, also some thoughts if + +29:18.120 --> 29:19.800 +you care to think, welcome Welcome to + +29:19.800 --> 29:22.380 +everything. Here's your practically clean + +29:22.380 --> 29:25.020 +slate. Welcome to it, though it's kind of + +29:25.020 --> 29:28.560 +late. Welcome at any rate. Here's your + +29:28.560 --> 29:31.140 +paycheck. Here's your rent. Money is + +29:31.140 --> 29:33.180 +nature's fifth element. Welcome to every + +29:33.180 --> 29:35.900 +cent. Here's your swarm and your huge + +29:35.900 --> 29:39.520 +beehive. Welcome to that there is roughly + +29:39.520 --> 29:43.300 +five billion like you alive. Welcome to + +29:43.300 --> 29:44.740 +the phone book that stars your name. + +29:45.460 --> 29:47.940 +Digits are democracy's secret aim. welcome + +29:47.940 --> 29:50.700 +to a claim to fame. Here's your marriage + +29:50.700 --> 29:53.440 +and here's divorce. Now that's the order + +29:53.440 --> 29:55.620 +you can't reverse, welcome to it, up + +29:55.620 --> 29:58.980 +yours. Here's your blade, here's your + +29:58.980 --> 30:01.700 +blade, here's your wrist, welcome to + +30:01.700 --> 30:03.920 +playing your own terrorist, call this your + +30:03.920 --> 30:06.180 +Middle East. Here's your mirror, your + +30:06.180 --> 30:08.860 +dental gleam, here's an octopus in your + +30:08.860 --> 30:12.100 +dream, why do you try to scream? Here's + +30:12.100 --> 30:14.620 +your corncob, your TV set, your Your + +30:14.620 --> 30:17.320 +candidate suffering and upset, welcome to + +30:17.320 --> 30:20.040 +what he said. Here's your porch, see the + +30:20.040 --> 30:23.700 +cars pass by. Here's your shitting dog's + +30:23.700 --> 30:27.200 +guilty eye, welcome to its alibi. Here's + +30:27.200 --> 30:30.680 +your cicadas, the ,, the bulbs dried tear + +30:30.680 --> 30:33.380 +in your lemon tea, welcome to infinity. + +30:34.260 --> 30:36.260 +Here are your pills on the plastic tray, + +30:36.920 --> 30:40.140 +your disappointing crisp x-ray, you are + +30:40.140 --> 30:42.900 +welcome to pray. Here's your cemetery, a + +30:42.900 --> 30:45.580 +well-kept glen, Welcome to a voice that + +30:45.580 --> 30:49.200 +says, Amen The end of the road, old man + +30:49.740 --> 30:52.340 +Here's your will, and here's a few takers + +30:52.340 --> 30:55.720 +Here's an empty pew, here's life after you + +30:56.240 --> 30:58.400 +And here are your stars, which appear + +30:58.400 --> 31:01.260 +still keen On shining as though you have + +31:01.260 --> 31:03.340 +never been They might have a point, old + +31:03.340 --> 31:06.220 +being Here's your afterlife, with no trace + +31:06.220 --> 31:09.260 +of you Especially of your face Welcome, + +31:09.420 --> 31:11.900 +and call it space Welcome to where one + +31:11.900 --> 31:14.020 +cannot breathe wreath. This way space + +31:14.020 --> 31:17.280 +resembles what's underneath and Saturn + +31:17.280 --> 31:18.700 +holds the wreath. + +31:28.920 --> 31:31.160 +I'm going to read to you a shorter poem + +31:31.160 --> 31:36.800 +now and I read to you both in English and + +31:36.800 --> 31:46.360 +in Russian if I can find... Well, + +31:48.260 --> 31:52.800 +it's called Breeze Marine. It's obviously, + +31:52.960 --> 31:54.560 +the title is obviously pinched from + +31:54.560 --> 31:55.040 +Mallarmé. + +31:58.540 --> 32:02.720 +Dear, I ventured out of the house late + +32:02.720 --> 32:05.320 +this this evening, merely for a breath of + +32:05.320 --> 32:09.000 +fresh air from the ocean not far away. The + +32:09.000 --> 32:11.200 +sun was smoldering low like a Chinese fan + +32:11.200 --> 32:14.240 +in a gallery, and a cloud reared up its + +32:14.240 --> 32:17.400 +huge lid like a Steinway. A quarter + +32:17.400 --> 32:20.840 +century back, you craved curry and dates + +32:20.840 --> 32:23.120 +from Senegal, tried your voice for the + +32:23.120 --> 32:25.780 +stage, scratched profiles in a sketch pad, + +32:26.340 --> 32:29.500 +dallied with me, but later, alloyed with a + +32:29.500 --> 32:31.360 +chemical engineer and judging by letters + +32:31.360 --> 32:34.560 +grew fairly stupid. These days you've been + +32:34.560 --> 32:37.380 +seen in churches, in the capital, and in + +32:37.380 --> 32:40.200 +provinces. At rights for our friends, + +32:40.240 --> 32:43.400 +acquaintances now continues. Yet I'm glad + +32:43.400 --> 32:45.600 +after all that the world still promises + +32:45.600 --> 32:48.480 +distances more inconceivable than the one + +32:48.480 --> 32:50.840 +between us. Understand me correctly + +32:50.840 --> 32:53.540 +though, your body, your verbal, your + +32:53.540 --> 32:56.160 +middle name now stir practically nothing. + +32:56.460 --> 32:59.080 +Not that they've ceased to burgeon, but to + +32:59.080 --> 33:01.900 +forget one life. A man needs at minimum + +33:01.900 --> 33:04.600 +one more life and I've done that portion. + +33:05.100 --> 33:08.680 +You got luck as well. Whales save in a + +33:08.680 --> 33:11.320 +snapshot perhaps. Will you forever remain + +33:11.320 --> 33:14.680 +free of wrinkles, lithe, caustic, vivid. + +33:15.060 --> 33:17.880 +Having bumped into memory, time learns + +33:17.880 --> 33:21.720 +impotence. Aptide, I I smoke in the + +33:21.720 --> 33:24.420 +darkness and inhale rank seaweed. + +33:31.900 --> 33:36.000 +Actually, I ruined the line here. Well, it + +33:36.000 --> 33:39.220 +went, having bumped into memory, time + +33:39.220 --> 33:43.500 +learns its impotence. For what it's worth, + +33:43.640 --> 33:48.140 +I repeated it. Well, the same poem is in + +33:48.140 --> 33:48.480 +Russian. + +33:51.460 --> 33:54.780 +Dear, I came out of my house late in the + +33:54.780 --> 33:58.400 +evening To breathe fresh air from the + +33:58.400 --> 34:01.160 +ocean The sunset was burning in the ground + +34:01.160 --> 34:04.000 +with a Chinese wind And the clouds were + +34:04.000 --> 34:07.540 +like a cover of a concert piano A quarter + +34:07.540 --> 34:09.840 +of a century ago You were eating with + +34:09.840 --> 34:11.560 +passion to the lullaby and to the phoenix + +34:11.560 --> 34:13.960 +You were drawing clouds in a notebook, + +34:14.380 --> 34:17.260 +singing a little You were having fun with + +34:17.260 --> 34:18.460 +me, but then you got together + +34:31.540 --> 34:31.900 +Thank you. + +34:48.460 --> 34:51.240 +No one destroyed them. But to forget one + +34:51.240 --> 34:54.600 +life, A person needs at least one more + +34:54.600 --> 34:57.740 +life. And I lived this fate. You were + +34:57.740 --> 35:01.120 +lucky too. Where else, except for the + +35:01.120 --> 35:04.600 +photos, You will always be without + +35:04.600 --> 35:08.580 +wrinkles, Young, cheerful, gloomy. For + +35:08.580 --> 35:12.120 +time, colliding with memory, Learns about + +35:12.120 --> 35:15.560 +its infidelity. I drink in the dark and + +35:15.560 --> 35:17.740 +inhale the rot from the lava. + +35:26.440 --> 35:29.220 +Now you are, I'm afraid indeed for a long + +35:29.220 --> 35:35.480 +haul. Well, I, it's + +35:35.480 --> 35:38.400 +a lengthy poem. It's titled Found the + +35:38.400 --> 35:47.640 +Circle. circle. And it's + +35:47.640 --> 35:49.620 +a lengthy poem indeed, so try to bear with + +35:49.620 --> 35:49.820 +me. + +36:01.780 --> 36:05.620 +The century will soon be over, but sooner + +36:05.620 --> 36:08.720 +it will be me. That's not the message, + +36:08.760 --> 36:11.540 +though, of a trembling knee, rather the + +36:11.540 --> 36:14.460 +influence of not to be, on to be, of the + +36:14.460 --> 36:18.200 +hunter upon, so to speak, his fowl, be + +36:18.200 --> 36:20.340 +that one's heart valve or a red brick + +36:20.340 --> 36:23.820 +wall. We hear the whiplash's foul whistle + +36:24.480 --> 36:26.720 +recalling vainly the surnames of those who + +36:26.720 --> 36:29.900 +have loved us back, writhing in the + +36:29.900 --> 36:33.120 +slippery palms of the local quack. The + +36:33.120 --> 36:35.200 +world has just lost the knack of being the + +36:35.200 --> 36:37.760 +place where a sofa, a foxtrot, a + +36:37.760 --> 36:40.680 +lampshade's cream-trimming abodes, a risky + +36:40.680 --> 36:43.120 +utterance reigns supreme. Who could + +36:43.120 --> 36:45.800 +foresee time's grim eraser razor, wiping + +36:45.800 --> 36:47.840 +them off like some chicken scroll from an + +36:47.840 --> 36:51.160 +old pad. Nobody, not a soul, yet time's + +36:51.160 --> 36:53.640 +shuffling soul has accomplished just that. + +36:54.100 --> 36:57.480 +Censurate, go ahead. Now everywhere the + +36:57.480 --> 37:01.720 +antennas, ping-pongs, stumps instead of + +37:01.720 --> 37:05.820 +trees. No chance of your sporting at a + +37:05.820 --> 37:08.360 +little café, your confrère, ruined by + +37:08.360 --> 37:10.840 +kismet. Nor at the bar, the silk-clad + +37:10.840 --> 37:13.600 +angel who failed to soar above herself and + +37:13.600 --> 37:16.240 +her whiskey sour on ice. And all over the + +37:16.240 --> 37:19.320 +place people obscure their view. Now + +37:19.320 --> 37:22.120 +forming a solid mass, now a lengthy queue. + +37:22.480 --> 37:25.000 +A tyrant's no longer a bugaboo but a plain + +37:25.000 --> 37:27.840 +mediocrity. Likewise, a car, at last, + +37:27.940 --> 37:30.340 +isn't a luxury but the means of extracting + +37:30.340 --> 37:32.980 +dust out of the street where the cast iron + +37:32.980 --> 37:35.340 +leg of a veteran fell silent for good, of + +37:35.340 --> 37:38.180 +course, and the child is convinced that + +37:38.180 --> 37:41.840 +the gray wolf is worse than infantry or + +37:41.840 --> 37:45.140 +the Air Force. And somehow your hanky, + +37:45.220 --> 37:47.500 +bypassing your nose more and more often, + +37:47.660 --> 37:50.460 +leaps to your organ of sight, trained on + +37:50.460 --> 37:52.800 +rustling leaves, taking personally the + +37:52.800 --> 37:55.340 +least new gap in the emptiness shielding + +37:55.340 --> 37:58.680 +fence, the letters E.D. heralding the past + +37:58.680 --> 38:01.760 +tense, an aria of suspense sung by a + +38:01.760 --> 38:04.500 +cuckoo's voice. Now it sounds more crude + +38:04.500 --> 38:07.000 +than say, Cavaradossis, approximately + +38:07.000 --> 38:10.420 +like, like hey dude, or at best like you + +38:10.420 --> 38:12.660 +should quit drinking. And your limp palm + +38:12.660 --> 38:15.620 +glides over the decanter's skin. Though + +38:15.620 --> 38:17.200 +it's neither the priest nor the rabbi + +38:17.200 --> 38:19.960 +that's barging in but the air called from + +38:19.960 --> 38:22.680 +the circle. Black things are in vogue, + +38:22.740 --> 38:26.380 +camisole, bloomers, hoes. When in the end + +38:26.380 --> 38:28.520 +you relieve your playmate of those items, + +38:28.600 --> 38:31.820 +your humble house suddenly gets lit up by + +38:31.820 --> 38:34.540 +something like 20 watt. But instead of an + +38:34.540 --> 38:37.420 +exuberant vivat, the leaves drop a flat + +38:37.420 --> 38:41.080 +sorry new times lamentable sorry times + +38:41.080 --> 38:45.340 +goods and shop windows spurting nicknames + +38:45.340 --> 38:48.040 +entice us into telling the types of things + +38:48.040 --> 38:50.280 +which are managed easily from the kinds + +38:50.280 --> 38:53.680 +which we technological become behind now + +38:53.680 --> 38:56.060 +equate to mankind's ancient quest not so + +38:56.060 --> 38:57.860 +much for something that lets you save + +38:57.860 --> 39:02.060 +energy as one inanimate sort of slave on + +39:02.060 --> 39:04.700 +the whole for safe anonymity that's the + +39:04.700 --> 39:06.920 +the logical, though unwelcome end of + +39:06.920 --> 39:09.800 +multiplying, of the demographic trend who + +39:09.800 --> 39:12.540 +sources neither the Orient nor zippers but + +39:12.540 --> 39:15.180 +electricity. The centuries winding down + +39:15.180 --> 39:18.880 +the rush of time, demanding a ruin a + +39:18.880 --> 39:23.640 +victim rejects a trash bag and a man won't + +39:23.640 --> 39:27.040 +wash either. No, give it sentiments, give + +39:27.040 --> 39:30.100 +it ideas plus memories, such as time's a + +39:30.100 --> 39:33.200 +last sweet tooth. Well, I make no fuss and + +39:33.200 --> 39:35.820 +and give, I am not yellow, I am ready to + +39:35.820 --> 39:37.940 +play a thing of the past, if that's so + +39:37.940 --> 39:40.560 +interesting to time, lying absentmindedly + +39:40.560 --> 39:43.480 +over its shoulder, its measly couch, which + +39:43.480 --> 39:45.420 +still shows some movement, though not much + +39:45.420 --> 39:48.020 +else, and is still warm to touch. I am + +39:48.020 --> 39:50.620 +ready to sing for good in them shifting + +39:50.620 --> 39:53.940 +sands, and I am prepared that a traveler + +39:53.940 --> 39:56.960 +shambling by won't focus the beady eye of + +39:56.960 --> 39:59.200 +his camera on me, and that he won't + +39:59.200 --> 40:01.280 +succumb to some powerful feeling on my + +40:01.280 --> 40:04.260 +account. It It so happens, I can't stand, + +40:04.380 --> 40:07.000 +I can't stand time that moves on. Time + +40:07.000 --> 40:09.540 +that stands still, I still can't stand. + +40:09.780 --> 40:12.260 +Like a solid facade whose style echoes now + +40:12.260 --> 40:15.080 +a stockpile, now a chessboard. The century + +40:15.080 --> 40:18.360 +was indeed not so bad. Well, perhaps the + +40:18.360 --> 40:20.720 +dead run a surplus. Yet the living did + +40:20.720 --> 40:23.820 +just that as well. So substantially, in + +40:23.820 --> 40:26.000 +fact, that presently they could be + +40:26.000 --> 40:27.480 +pickled, packed, and sealed to attract + +40:27.480 --> 40:29.680 +stellar customers known for their grand + +40:29.680 --> 40:31.500 +deep-freeze machinery. machinery, unless + +40:31.500 --> 40:33.380 +of course they insist on cheese, which + +40:33.380 --> 40:35.800 +could be visible is arranged, the holes in + +40:35.800 --> 40:37.960 +the collective memory are the proof. To + +40:37.960 --> 40:40.100 +the accompaniment of air crashes in not + +40:40.100 --> 40:43.840 +far off spots, the century ends, a prof + +40:43.840 --> 40:46.920 +mumbles, poking his finger upward, about + +40:46.920 --> 40:49.400 +the atmosphere's layers, expanding the + +40:49.400 --> 40:51.540 +heat, explaining the heat and attendant + +40:51.540 --> 40:55.460 +fears, but not how one steers from here, + +40:55.660 --> 40:58.680 +to where the cumulus bulky a frond is + +40:58.680 --> 41:00.840 +suffused with our forgive and don't + +41:00.840 --> 41:02.760 +forsake me which don't the ray + +41:02.760 --> 41:05.920 +interchanging is gold into some silver row + +41:05.920 --> 41:08.820 +yet the century rummaging through its + +41:08.820 --> 41:12.400 +bureau treats as retro even that well + +41:12.400 --> 41:15.380 +small wonder the more it ticks and tocks + +41:15.380 --> 41:18.540 +the busier young digs the more the + +41:18.540 --> 41:21.020 +antiques and relics including the planet + +41:21.020 --> 41:23.940 +stuck in its orbit and curting a sitting + +41:23.940 --> 41:25.940 +duck the runaway cool the suck of a a + +41:25.940 --> 41:29.040 +comet, including the dog-ear files of the + +41:29.040 --> 41:31.460 +fallen giant, since every bullet flies + +41:31.460 --> 41:33.700 +from the future which plies its urgent + +41:33.700 --> 41:36.120 +trade with the present and thus needs room + +41:36.120 --> 41:40.360 +now. Therefore, no heirloom lasts in the + +41:40.360 --> 41:43.540 +dolyard bloom for long. At the North Pole, + +41:44.500 --> 41:48.320 +a husky barks and a flag still twists. In + +41:48.320 --> 41:50.220 +the West, they stare eastward through + +41:50.220 --> 41:53.160 +their clenched fists, making out at least + +41:53.160 --> 41:56.260 +some barks, gone suddenly lively, spooked + +41:56.260 --> 41:59.740 +by the forest of hands, birds too, flutter + +41:59.740 --> 42:02.000 +and then take wing rapidly, heading due + +42:02.000 --> 42:05.600 +south to its valleys, to its minarets, + +42:05.620 --> 42:08.800 +turbans, palm trees, and further down, tom + +42:08.800 --> 42:12.000 +-tom row, tom-toms row. But the longer you + +42:12.000 --> 42:14.440 +scan strange features, the more they go + +42:14.440 --> 42:17.000 +you. You conclude that all over the place, + +42:17.180 --> 42:20.700 +the kinship between plain old dirt and say + +42:20.700 --> 42:23.020 +a great painting of the classical sort + +42:23.020 --> 42:25.380 +lies in that you won't hurt either's + +42:25.380 --> 42:29.280 +original ever. That nature, like minstrels + +42:29.280 --> 42:32.480 +of yesteryear, longing for carbons, like + +42:32.480 --> 42:35.160 +thalamus holding dear black letters, like + +42:35.160 --> 42:37.800 +a honeybee near its hive, truly cherishes + +42:37.800 --> 42:41.120 +the mass scale, profuse outputs, dreading + +42:41.120 --> 42:43.660 +uniqueness for its abuse of energy, whose + +42:43.660 --> 42:47.180 +best guardian is licentiousness. Space is + +42:47.180 --> 42:49.740 +fully settled, time is welcome to rub + +42:49.740 --> 42:55.820 +against its new surface. I'm sure space is + +42:55.820 --> 42:58.320 +fully settled, time is welcome to rub + +42:58.320 --> 43:00.340 +against its new surface. I'm sure + +43:00.340 --> 43:03.200 +indefinitely, all the same, your eyelid is + +43:03.200 --> 43:07.060 +drooping, only the seas alone remain + +43:07.060 --> 43:10.160 +unruffled and bloom, telling the dawn, go + +43:10.160 --> 43:14.100 +on, which sounds from afar like gone, And + +43:14.100 --> 43:16.920 +upon hearing that, one wants to quit one's + +43:16.920 --> 43:20.380 +travail, Shoveling, digging, and board a + +43:20.380 --> 43:23.080 +steamship, And sail, and sail, in order to + +43:23.080 --> 43:25.900 +hail in the end, Not an island, not an + +43:25.900 --> 43:28.520 +organism, lineus never found, Not the + +43:28.520 --> 43:30.860 +charms of new latitudes, but the other way + +43:30.860 --> 43:33.380 +around, Something of no account. + +43:44.240 --> 43:47.640 +Let me see what else is here. Something + +43:47.640 --> 43:48.120 +short. + +44:07.940 --> 44:11.940 +It's a bit early for this poem. + +44:23.000 --> 44:27.240 +It's a very simple poem. It's the Star of + +44:27.240 --> 44:27.640 +Nativity. + +44:32.160 --> 44:35.180 +In the cold season, in a locality + +44:35.180 --> 44:38.120 +accustomed to heat more than to cold, To + +44:38.120 --> 44:40.960 +horizontality more than to a mountain, A + +44:40.960 --> 44:43.660 +child was born in a cave in order to save + +44:43.660 --> 44:47.220 +the world. It blew as only in deserts, in + +44:47.220 --> 44:51.160 +winter it blows athwart. To him all things + +44:51.160 --> 44:55.000 +seemed enormous, His mother's breast, the + +44:55.000 --> 44:57.580 +steam out of the ox's nostrils, Kaspar, + +44:57.780 --> 45:00.060 +Baltazar, Melchior, the team of Magi, + +45:00.220 --> 45:03.100 +Their presence heaped by the door, ajar. + +45:03.100 --> 45:06.620 +He was but a dot, and a dot was the star, + +45:06.800 --> 45:10.680 +keenly, without blinking, through pallid, + +45:10.680 --> 45:13.280 +stray clouds, upon a child in the manger, + +45:13.500 --> 45:16.360 +from far away, from the depth of the + +45:16.360 --> 45:19.380 +universe, from its opposite end, the star + +45:19.380 --> 45:21.980 +was looking into the cave, and that was + +45:21.980 --> 45:23.260 +the father's stare. There. + +46:20.700 --> 46:23.000 +Music from Blu-ray + +46:36.180 --> 46:39.140 +Well, I'm going to read to you two more + +46:39.140 --> 46:43.300 +poems. Oh, well, I'm going to read you one + +46:43.300 --> 46:44.920 +more, well, several more poems. + +46:49.100 --> 46:51.760 +Now I think you've displayed enough + +46:51.760 --> 46:53.840 +patience. and you deserve to be + +46:53.840 --> 46:54.300 +entertained. + +46:58.880 --> 47:03.520 +Okay. Well, this is what you're going to + +47:03.520 --> 47:06.700 +hear. It's essentially a translation. + +47:10.400 --> 47:14.680 +I translated this poem into English from, + +47:14.720 --> 47:17.700 +believe it or not, from a Sumerian + +47:17.700 --> 47:19.380 +language, from Akkadian to be precise. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/tw602gm2722_a_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/baseline/tw602gm2722_a_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..71bc189 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/tw602gm2722_a_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,2450 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:03.020 +One in the middle that's taken. One over + +00:03.020 --> 00:05.820 +here, two over here. Maybe people in the + +00:05.820 --> 00:06.700 +aisles can move in. + +00:15.080 --> 00:18.080 +Any more? A couple over here. + +00:31.200 --> 00:33.880 +My name is Wanda Korn. I'm director of the + +00:33.880 --> 00:36.500 +Stanford Humanities Center. It's the + +00:36.500 --> 00:38.820 +Stanford Humanities Center, which is a + +00:38.820 --> 00:41.440 +research institute on campus dedicated to + +00:41.440 --> 00:43.700 +arts and letters, that has been hosting + +00:43.700 --> 00:45.640 +Joseph Brodsky's visit here this week. + +00:46.220 --> 00:48.980 +This is the last of four public + +00:48.980 --> 00:53.360 +presentations and many more informal ones + +00:53.360 --> 00:56.140 +that Mr. Brodsky has made on campus this + +00:56.140 --> 00:59.300 +week. In fact, as a matter of curiosity, I + +00:59.300 --> 01:00.940 +wonder how many of you in the audience + +01:00.940 --> 01:03.800 +tonight have attended another event with + +01:03.800 --> 01:10.020 +our visitor this week. Thank you. For + +01:10.020 --> 01:11.920 +those of you who have been able to hear + +01:11.920 --> 01:15.000 +Mr. Brodsky this week, each time on a + +01:15.000 --> 01:17.680 +different subject, I'm sure you would + +01:17.680 --> 01:19.420 +agree that there is something very special + +01:19.420 --> 01:21.480 +and unusual about about having the + +01:21.480 --> 01:24.820 +opportunity to hear a gifted person give, + +01:24.920 --> 01:27.280 +as it were, different pieces of himself in + +01:27.280 --> 01:31.320 +a concentrated period of time. While an + +01:31.320 --> 01:34.620 +exhausting marathon for our speaker, it is + +01:34.620 --> 01:36.700 +extremely enriching for those on campus. + +01:37.200 --> 01:40.500 +And by way of introduction, I want to tell + +01:40.500 --> 01:43.140 +you how Joseph Brodsky's visit came about. + +01:43.140 --> 01:47.420 +out. If you've read your program, you know + +01:47.420 --> 01:49.400 +that Rhoda and Elliot Leventhal + +01:49.400 --> 01:52.320 +established a new endowment last year at + +01:52.320 --> 01:55.140 +the Stanford Humanities Center, one that + +01:55.140 --> 01:57.420 +they specially designed to bring to campus + +01:57.420 --> 02:00.640 +persons of significant achievement in + +02:00.640 --> 02:03.860 +humanities and world affairs. It was the + +02:03.860 --> 02:05.980 +Leventhal's idea that this visitor should + +02:05.980 --> 02:08.320 +not just come, give a lecture or reading, + +02:08.480 --> 02:11.160 +and go, but rather to stay long enough on + +02:11.160 --> 02:13.080 +campus to have significant interaction + +02:13.080 --> 02:16.080 +with students, faculty, and others in the + +02:16.080 --> 02:19.620 +Stanford community. Joseph Brodsky has + +02:19.620 --> 02:21.600 +been the first Leventhal distinguished + +02:22.010 --> 02:24.960 +visitor and a most generous visitor he has + +02:24.960 --> 02:28.720 +been. Listening to his presentations has + +02:28.720 --> 02:30.380 +been rather like absorbing a cubist + +02:30.380 --> 02:33.460 +painting, a new facet or layer building + +02:33.460 --> 02:35.480 +each day into into a fuller portrait. + +02:36.820 --> 02:39.040 +Monday, the Mount Holyoke teacher of + +02:39.040 --> 02:41.820 +literature. Tuesday, the meditative + +02:41.820 --> 02:44.380 +essayist that we read in the New Republic + +02:44.380 --> 02:45.920 +and the New York Review of Books. + +02:46.900 --> 02:49.400 +Wednesday, the seasoned and mature poet + +02:49.740 --> 02:52.420 +talking about his craft. And tonight, + +02:52.620 --> 02:55.280 +Thursday, the Nobel Prize winning poet and + +02:55.280 --> 02:57.480 +fifth poet laureate of the United States. + +02:58.820 --> 03:02.600 +I'm reminded at the end of this week of + +03:02.600 --> 03:05.320 +one of the qualities Mr. Brodsky said he + +03:05.320 --> 03:08.100 +admired in the poetry of Thomas Hardy and + +03:08.100 --> 03:10.980 +Robert Frost a quality called expansive + +03:10.980 --> 03:14.060 +motion. The expansive motion of a line. + +03:14.280 --> 03:17.440 +It's continually opening out. It's a + +03:17.440 --> 03:20.660 +similar expansiveness and unfolding that + +03:20.660 --> 03:22.560 +so many of us have experienced this week + +03:22.560 --> 03:26.120 +in the man himself. So in your welcoming + +03:26.120 --> 03:28.620 +applause I hope you will pay tribute + +03:28.620 --> 03:31.700 +tonight not only to the poet, artist, + +03:31.940 --> 03:34.340 +teacher, philosopher who will read for us + +03:34.340 --> 03:37.180 +this evening, but also include a thank you + +03:37.180 --> 03:39.660 +to the Leventhals who made it possible for + +03:39.660 --> 03:42.320 +him to spend this full week at Stanford. + +03:42.580 --> 03:45.120 +Thank you, Joseph. Thank you, Rhoda and + +03:45.120 --> 03:45.360 +Elliot. + +04:03.560 --> 04:04.360 +Thank you. + +04:08.320 --> 04:09.000 +Good evening. + +04:14.300 --> 04:17.580 +We'll be here for about one hour, and in + +04:17.580 --> 04:20.200 +the course of that hour, I'm going to read + +04:20.200 --> 04:23.680 +you a few poems. Most of them I'll read to + +04:23.680 --> 04:25.000 +you in English, but three or four, + +04:25.080 --> 04:27.780 +presumably, I will read both in English + +04:27.780 --> 04:31.060 +and in Russian. I wish actually it were + +04:31.060 --> 04:35.960 +the other way around because English is + +04:35.960 --> 04:38.140 +far from being my mother tongue and well, + +04:38.280 --> 04:42.180 +there's plenty of accent in it. So the + +04:42.180 --> 04:46.720 +only thing I can, well, I cannot hope for + +04:46.720 --> 04:50.120 +you is your indulgence and I'll try to do + +04:50.120 --> 04:53.420 +my level best. + +04:57.440 --> 05:02.040 +Well, I would like to start. I'm not so + +05:02.040 --> 05:06.200 +sure that this is a true thing that I'm + +05:06.200 --> 05:07.620 +trying to say that I would like to start. + +05:07.880 --> 05:09.600 +Actually, I wouldn't like to start at all. + +05:15.300 --> 05:18.480 +But I think I would like, I think I will + +05:18.480 --> 05:20.680 +start with the poem. + +05:23.680 --> 05:26.680 +It's a somewhat oldish poem. It's the + +05:26.680 --> 05:30.080 +title of this poem is Letters from the + +05:30.080 --> 05:33.500 +Ming Dynasty. It consists of two parts. + +05:34.100 --> 05:35.380 +Obviously, Obviously these are not the + +05:35.380 --> 05:39.620 +real letters, it's a stylization. The + +05:39.620 --> 05:44.880 +poem, the first part is a letter by a + +05:44.880 --> 05:50.520 +woman by Kurtier, something like a lady in + +05:50.520 --> 05:54.000 +waiting to her traveling faraway husband. + +05:54.720 --> 05:56.980 +And the second poem is the husband's + +05:56.980 --> 05:59.920 +presumed reply. Oh, you ought to know for + +05:59.920 --> 06:04.740 +the purposes of the poem. well, I mean for + +06:04.740 --> 06:06.380 +the purposes of better grasping what's + +06:06.380 --> 06:08.480 +going on is that while the Ming Dynasty is + +06:08.480 --> 06:12.520 +about the most cruel dynasty in the + +06:12.520 --> 06:15.280 +history of China, it was awfully good on + +06:15.280 --> 06:17.540 +the artifacts as well. The red Ming vases + +06:17.540 --> 06:21.480 +are justly famous. The expression land + +06:21.480 --> 06:25.760 +under heaven stands for, it's a euphemism + +06:25.760 --> 06:28.140 +for the celestial empire, which is in its + +06:28.140 --> 06:32.120 +own right, the euphemic name for China and + +06:32.120 --> 06:36.000 +the word Li is something like one-third of + +06:36.000 --> 06:40.200 +a mile in length and well hieroglyphs + +06:40.200 --> 06:41.720 +obviously it's sort of some of the + +06:41.720 --> 06:44.140 +mistranslation the word hieroglyph it's + +06:44.140 --> 06:49.780 +always like a character. Well letters from + +06:49.780 --> 06:53.380 +the Ming dynasty. I read it to you in + +06:53.380 --> 06:54.900 +English and in Russian. + +06:58.640 --> 07:02.720 +Soon it will be 13 years soon it will be + +07:02.720 --> 07:05.900 +13 years since the nightingale fluttered + +07:05.900 --> 07:09.180 +out of its cage and vanished and at + +07:09.180 --> 07:11.860 +nightfall the Emperor washes down his + +07:11.860 --> 07:14.040 +medicine with the blood of another tailor + +07:14.040 --> 07:17.420 +then propped on silk pillows turns on a + +07:17.420 --> 07:20.100 +jeweled bird that lulls him with its level + +07:20.100 --> 07:23.240 +identical song. It's this sort of + +07:23.240 --> 07:26.120 +anniversary, unnumbered, wrong that we + +07:26.120 --> 07:28.640 +celebrate these days in our land and the + +07:28.640 --> 07:31.240 +heaven. The special mirror that smooths + +07:31.240 --> 07:34.560 +wrinkles even costs more every year. Our + +07:34.560 --> 07:36.960 +small garden is choked with weeds, the sky + +07:36.960 --> 07:40.040 +too is pierced by spires like pins in the + +07:40.040 --> 07:42.120 +shoulder blades of someone so sick that + +07:42.120 --> 07:43.640 +his back is all we're allowed to see. + +07:46.960 --> 07:50.080 +And begins to joke. This letter to you, + +07:50.180 --> 07:54.280 +beloved, from your wild duck is brushed on + +07:54.280 --> 07:56.640 +the scented rice paper given me by the + +07:56.640 --> 08:00.340 +empress. Lately there is no rice, but the + +08:00.340 --> 08:04.820 +flow of rice paper is endless. A thousand + +08:04.820 --> 08:07.300 +-lea long road starts with the first step + +08:07.300 --> 08:10.600 +as the proverb goes. Pity the road home + +08:10.600 --> 08:13.220 +doesn't depend on that same step. It + +08:13.220 --> 08:15.840 +exceeds ten times a thousand Li, + +08:16.000 --> 08:19.140 +especially counting from zeros. One + +08:19.140 --> 08:23.180 +thousand Li, two thousand Li. A thousand + +08:23.180 --> 08:27.320 +means thou shalt not ever see thy native + +08:27.320 --> 08:30.000 +place. And the meaninglessness, like a + +08:30.000 --> 08:32.520 +plague, spreads from words onto numbers, + +08:32.700 --> 08:35.380 +onto zeros especially. Wind blows us + +08:35.380 --> 08:38.200 +westward like the yellow tears from a + +08:38.200 --> 08:40.840 +dried pod there by the wall towers. + +08:41.400 --> 08:43.600 +Against it, man's figure is ugly and stiff + +08:43.600 --> 08:46.180 +as a frightening hieroglyph, as any + +08:46.180 --> 08:49.280 +illegible scripture at which one stares. + +08:49.960 --> 08:52.680 +This pull in one direction only has made + +08:52.680 --> 08:55.040 +me something elongated, like a horse's + +08:55.040 --> 08:58.440 +head, and all the body should do is span + +08:58.440 --> 09:01.120 +by its shadow, rustling across the wild + +09:01.120 --> 09:04.740 +barleys with a blade. I know the same poem + +09:04.740 --> 09:07.920 +in Russian. The letters of the Ming + +09:07.920 --> 09:08.160 +dynasty. + +09:35.160 --> 09:37.660 +not a happy, not a good anniversary + +09:38.700 --> 09:42.720 +special mirror smoothing wrinkles every + +09:42.720 --> 09:46.120 +year our little garden is born in decline + +09:46.120 --> 09:49.120 +the sky is also cut with spines like a + +09:49.120 --> 09:50.820 +shoulder blade and the back of a sick + +09:50.820 --> 09:53.780 +person whose back we only see and + +09:53.780 --> 09:56.620 +sometimes I explain to my son the nature + +09:56.620 --> 09:59.260 +of the Bogdekhan of the stars and he lets + +09:59.260 --> 10:02.380 +go of the joke this is a letter from you + +10:02.380 --> 10:03.260 +Foreign + +10:15.220 --> 10:16.620 +So + +10:32.420 --> 10:37.740 +отчитывая от о. Одна ли тысяча ли? Две ли + +10:37.740 --> 10:42.260 +тысяча ли? Тысяча означает, что ты сейчас + +10:42.260 --> 10:45.420 +вдали от родимого крова, и зараза + +10:45.420 --> 10:48.540 +бессмысленности со слова перекидывается на + +10:48.540 --> 10:52.660 +цифры, особенно на нули. Ветер несет нас + +10:52.660 --> 10:56.900 +на запад, как бурые семена из лопнувшего + +10:56.900 --> 10:59.420 +стручка туда, где стоит стена. + +11:25.680 --> 11:30.080 +Let's switch to something else. Yeah. + +11:30.860 --> 11:31.560 +Thanks. + +11:38.660 --> 11:42.500 +Well, the title of the next poem is + +11:42.500 --> 11:44.300 +Transatlantic. + +11:46.520 --> 11:47.840 +It's a short poem. + +11:52.110 --> 11:54.400 +The last twenty years were good for + +11:54.400 --> 11:57.600 +practically everybody save the dead. But + +11:57.600 --> 12:00.800 +maybe for them as well, maybe the Almighty + +12:00.800 --> 12:03.600 +himself has turned a bit bourgeois and + +12:03.600 --> 12:06.440 +uses a credit card, for otherwise time's + +12:06.440 --> 12:09.140 +passage makes no sense. Hence memories, + +12:09.500 --> 12:12.600 +recollections, values, deportment. One + +12:12.600 --> 12:15.140 +hopes one hasn't spent one's mother or + +12:15.140 --> 12:16.980 +father or both or a handful of friends + +12:16.980 --> 12:19.900 +entirely as this is to hound one's dreams. + +12:20.180 --> 12:23.680 +One's dreams, unlike the city, become less + +12:23.680 --> 12:26.500 +populous the older one gets. That's why + +12:26.500 --> 12:29.940 +the eternal rest cancels analysis. The + +12:29.940 --> 12:32.560 +last 20 years were good for practically + +12:32.560 --> 12:34.860 +everybody and constituted the afterlife + +12:34.860 --> 12:36.980 +for the dead. Its quality could be + +12:36.980 --> 12:39.700 +questioned, but not its duration. The + +12:39.700 --> 12:42.000 +dead, one assumes, would not mind + +12:42.000 --> 12:44.600 +attaining a homely status and sleep in + +12:44.600 --> 12:47.220 +archways or watch pregnant submarines + +12:47.220 --> 12:50.040 +returning to their native pen after a + +12:50.040 --> 12:52.040 +worldwide journey without destroying + +12:52.040 --> 12:54.540 +destroying life on earth without even a + +12:54.540 --> 12:56.220 +proper flag to hoist. + +13:03.140 --> 13:07.500 +The next poem is somewhat longish. Indeed, + +13:07.580 --> 13:11.460 +it's a fairly long poem. It's called An + +13:11.460 --> 13:14.240 +Admonition. Essentially, it's an advice to + +13:14.240 --> 13:14.680 +a traveler. + +13:23.080 --> 13:23.760 +Admonition. + +13:26.880 --> 13:30.780 +Trekking in Asia, spending nights in odd + +13:30.780 --> 13:34.120 +dwellings, in granaries, cabins, shacks, + +13:34.280 --> 13:37.620 +timber abodes whose thin squinted window + +13:37.620 --> 13:40.500 +panes harness the world, sleep dressed, + +13:40.840 --> 13:43.200 +wrapped in your sheepskin, and do your + +13:43.200 --> 13:45.060 +best always to tuck your head into the + +13:45.060 --> 13:47.960 +corner, as in the corner It's harder and a + +13:47.960 --> 13:50.480 +darkness of that to swing an axe over your + +13:50.480 --> 13:53.080 +heavy booze laden Gerd and to chop it off + +13:53.080 --> 13:56.740 +nicely Square the circle in short fear + +13:56.740 --> 13:59.940 +broil cheekbones Including the moons poke + +13:59.940 --> 14:02.900 +marked skin and prefer blue eyes to brown + +14:02.900 --> 14:05.240 +eyes Search hard for the blue ones + +14:05.240 --> 14:07.400 +Especially when the road takes you into + +14:07.400 --> 14:10.080 +the wood in dates thick on the whole for + +14:10.080 --> 14:12.580 +the as for the eyes One should watch for + +14:12.580 --> 14:15.120 +they cut, for at your last instant it's + +14:15.120 --> 14:17.440 +better to stare at that which though cold, + +14:17.580 --> 14:20.840 +pyramids sink through, ice may crack, yet + +14:20.840 --> 14:22.600 +wallowing in an ice hole is far better + +14:22.600 --> 14:26.040 +than in honey-like viscous lies. Always + +14:26.040 --> 14:28.740 +pick a house with baby clothes hanging out + +14:28.740 --> 14:31.780 +in the yard. Deal only with the over-50 + +14:31.780 --> 14:34.620 +crowd. A hick at that age knows too much + +14:34.620 --> 14:36.880 +about faith to gain anything by attempting + +14:36.880 --> 14:39.400 +to bust your brain. Same thing as squaw. + +14:39.400 --> 14:42.720 +hide mine in your fur coats color or if + +14:42.720 --> 14:44.540 +you are traveling light in your brown + +14:44.540 --> 14:46.960 +culotte under the knee but not in your + +14:46.960 --> 14:48.800 +boots since they'll find the door easily + +14:48.800 --> 14:52.220 +there in Asia boots are the first to go in + +14:52.220 --> 14:55.060 +the mountains move slowly if you must + +14:55.060 --> 14:58.300 +creep then creep magnificent in the + +14:58.300 --> 15:01.020 +distance meaningless closer up mountains + +15:01.020 --> 15:03.680 +about the surface standing on end the + +15:03.680 --> 15:05.500 +snail like and it seems horizontal + +15:05.500 --> 15:08.380 +meandering trail is in fact vertical. + +15:08.820 --> 15:11.900 +Lying flat in the mountains, you stand. + +15:11.980 --> 15:14.640 +Standing up, you lie flat, which suggests + +15:14.640 --> 15:16.500 +your true freedom isn't falling down. + +15:16.720 --> 15:19.720 +That's the way it appears to conquer. Once + +15:19.720 --> 15:22.460 +in the mountains, vertigo ruptures fears. + +15:22.700 --> 15:26.340 +If somebody yells, hey stranger, don't + +15:26.340 --> 15:29.640 +answer. Play deaf and dumb. Even though + +15:29.640 --> 15:31.640 +you may know it, don't speak the tongue. + +15:31.940 --> 15:35.140 +Try not to stand out, either in profile or + +15:35.140 --> 15:37.600 +full face, simply don't wash your face at + +15:37.600 --> 15:40.260 +times. What's more, when the rip occurs, + +15:40.500 --> 15:44.800 +throw it with a saw, don't cringe. Smoking + +15:44.800 --> 15:47.200 +douse your butt with spittle and besides + +15:47.200 --> 15:49.820 +arrange to wear gray, the hue of the + +15:49.820 --> 15:52.420 +earth, especially under clothes, to reduce + +15:52.420 --> 15:54.540 +the temptation to blend your flesh with + +15:54.540 --> 15:57.440 +earth. When you hold in the desert, make + +15:57.440 --> 15:59.680 +an arrow from pebbles, so if suddenly + +15:59.680 --> 16:01.640 +Suddenly woken up, you grasp which way to + +16:01.640 --> 16:04.580 +go in the darkness. At night, demons in + +16:04.580 --> 16:07.580 +deserts try travelers' hearts. One who + +16:07.580 --> 16:10.260 +heeds their cry is easily disoriented. One + +16:10.260 --> 16:13.100 +steps sideways and well, said two. Ghosts, + +16:13.100 --> 16:15.000 +specters, demons are at home in the + +16:15.000 --> 16:17.040 +desert. You too will discover that's true + +16:17.040 --> 16:20.080 +when sand creaking under your soul. All + +16:20.080 --> 16:22.600 +that remains of you is your soul. Nobody + +16:22.600 --> 16:26.520 +ever knows anything for a fact. Gazing + +16:26.520 --> 16:28.580 +ahead at your stooping guides, sturdy + +16:28.580 --> 16:30.740 +back, think that you gaze at the future, + +16:30.920 --> 16:32.620 +and keep your distance, if that is + +16:32.620 --> 16:35.060 +possible, from him. Since, in principle, + +16:35.320 --> 16:37.540 +life also means but a distance between + +16:37.540 --> 16:39.900 +here and there, and quickening the pace, + +16:40.040 --> 16:42.400 +pace only when you discern the sound + +16:42.400 --> 16:44.660 +behind of those running after you down the + +16:44.660 --> 16:46.520 +path, with lowered heads, be they + +16:46.520 --> 16:49.740 +murderers, thieves, the past. in the saw + +16:49.740 --> 16:54.360 +with a frogs, a frogs, in the burned down + +16:54.360 --> 16:57.420 +fume, prized indifference of things to + +16:57.420 --> 17:00.320 +being regarded from afar, and in turn lose + +17:00.320 --> 17:02.280 +your own silhouette, turning thus + +17:02.280 --> 17:05.360 +unattainable for binoculars, gendarmes, + +17:05.380 --> 17:09.020 +mass, coughing in a cloud of dust, wading + +17:09.020 --> 17:12.780 +through mud, map, what difference does it + +17:12.780 --> 17:15.740 +make how you would look close up, it's + +17:15.740 --> 17:17.840 +even better if some character with a blade + +17:17.840 --> 17:21.020 +figures out you're a stranger a bit too + +17:21.020 --> 17:24.440 +late. Rivers in Asia are longer than + +17:24.440 --> 17:27.800 +elsewhere, more rich in alluvium that is + +17:27.800 --> 17:30.740 +murkier. As you reach for a mouthful, your + +17:30.740 --> 17:33.580 +cupped fingers ladle sealed, and one who + +17:33.580 --> 17:35.640 +has drunk this water would prefer it + +17:35.640 --> 17:37.940 +spilled. Never trust its reflection. + +17:38.540 --> 17:41.220 +Crossing it, cross it on a raft built with + +17:41.220 --> 17:44.200 +no other hands but the pair you own. Note + +17:44.200 --> 17:46.560 +that the gleam of campfire, your nightly + +17:46.560 --> 17:48.900 +bliss, will by sliding downstream betray + +17:48.900 --> 17:51.760 +you to enemies. In your letters from these + +17:51.760 --> 17:54.660 +parts, don't divulge whom and what you've + +17:54.660 --> 17:56.880 +seen on your way. If anything should be + +17:56.880 --> 17:58.420 +penned, use your various feelings, + +17:58.600 --> 18:01.500 +musings, regrets at all. A letter can be + +18:01.500 --> 18:04.000 +intercepted and after all, the movement of + +18:04.000 --> 18:07.160 +a pen across paper is in itself the + +18:07.160 --> 18:08.960 +worsening of the break between you and + +18:08.960 --> 18:11.100 +those with whom you won't any longer sit + +18:11.100 --> 18:13.680 +or lie down with whom. unlike the letter + +18:13.680 --> 18:17.320 +you won't share who cares why a home when + +18:17.320 --> 18:21.000 +you stand on a stony on an empty stony + +18:21.000 --> 18:24.740 +plateau alone under the fathomless dome of + +18:24.740 --> 18:28.140 +Asia in whose blueness an airplane or an + +18:28.140 --> 18:30.960 +angel sometimes sweeps up its starch or + +18:30.960 --> 18:32.880 +star when you're shattered how + +18:32.880 --> 18:35.020 +infinitesimally small you are remember + +18:35.020 --> 18:39.080 +space that appears to need nothing does + +18:39.080 --> 18:41.780 +crave as a matter of fact an outside gaze, + +18:42.220 --> 18:45.220 +a criterion of emptiness, of its depth and + +18:45.220 --> 18:48.180 +scope, and it's only you who can do the + +18:48.180 --> 18:48.560 +job. + +19:00.560 --> 19:06.700 +The title of the next poem is + +19:06.700 --> 19:08.260 +a footnote to weather forecasts. + +19:21.120 --> 19:24.420 +A footnote to weather forecasts. + +19:27.660 --> 19:30.780 +A garden alley with statues of hardened + +19:30.780 --> 19:35.240 +mud, akin to knurled, stunted tree trunks. + +19:35.840 --> 19:40.220 +Some of them I knew personally, the rest I + +19:40.220 --> 19:43.840 +see for the first time ever. Presumably + +19:43.840 --> 19:45.660 +they are gods of local woods and streams, + +19:46.160 --> 19:49.180 +guardians of silence. As for the feminine + +19:49.180 --> 19:51.540 +shapes, nymphs and so forth, they look + +19:51.540 --> 19:53.900 +thought-like, that is unfinished, each one + +19:53.900 --> 19:56.860 +strives to keep, even here, in the future + +19:56.860 --> 20:00.060 +that came, her vagrant status. status. A + +20:00.060 --> 20:02.000 +cheap monk won't pop up and cross the + +20:02.000 --> 20:04.980 +path. No bird song is audible, nor + +20:04.980 --> 20:08.460 +moreover a motor. The future is a panacea + +20:08.460 --> 20:11.100 +against anything prone to repetition, and + +20:11.100 --> 20:12.600 +in the sky they're scattered like a + +20:12.600 --> 20:14.880 +bachelor's clothes. Clouds turned inside + +20:14.880 --> 20:18.340 +out, oppressed. It smells of conifer. This + +20:18.340 --> 20:20.020 +prickly substance of not so familiar + +20:20.020 --> 20:23.740 +places. Sculptures loom in the twilight, + +20:23.840 --> 20:25.980 +darkening thanks to the proximity to each + +20:25.980 --> 20:28.240 +other, thanks to the indifference of the + +20:28.240 --> 20:30.960 +surrounding landscape. Should any one of + +20:30.960 --> 20:33.380 +them speak, you would sigh, rather than + +20:33.380 --> 20:36.580 +gasp or shudder. Upon hearing well-known + +20:36.580 --> 20:38.660 +voices, hearing something like, the child + +20:38.660 --> 20:41.380 +wasn't yours, or true, I testified against + +20:41.380 --> 20:44.120 +him, but out of fear, not jealousy, petty, + +20:44.320 --> 20:46.840 +20-odd-year-old secrets of pure blind + +20:46.840 --> 20:49.520 +hearts, obsessed with a silly quest for + +20:49.520 --> 20:52.480 +power over their likes, the best ones + +20:52.480 --> 20:55.280 +among the worst ones, the executioners and + +20:55.280 --> 20:57.760 +the victims. It's good that someone else's + +20:57.760 --> 21:00.920 +memories interfere with your own. It's + +21:00.920 --> 21:02.720 +good that some of these figures to you + +21:02.720 --> 21:06.720 +appear alien. Their presence hints at + +21:06.720 --> 21:09.100 +different events, at a different sort of + +21:09.100 --> 21:11.080 +fate, perhaps not a better one, yet + +21:11.080 --> 21:13.420 +clearly the one that you missed. This + +21:13.420 --> 21:15.620 +unshackles memory more than imagination, + +21:16.040 --> 21:19.180 +not forever of course, but for a while, to + +21:19.180 --> 21:21.120 +learn that you've been deceived, It seems + +21:21.120 --> 21:23.840 +that you've been completely forgotten all + +21:23.840 --> 21:25.840 +the other way around, that you are still + +21:25.840 --> 21:28.680 +being hated is extremely unpleasant. But + +21:28.680 --> 21:31.340 +to regard yourself as the hub of even + +21:31.340 --> 21:34.020 +negligible universe, unbearable and + +21:34.020 --> 21:38.000 +indecent, a rare, perhaps the only visitor + +21:38.000 --> 21:41.360 +to these parts, I have, I suppose, a right + +21:41.360 --> 21:44.460 +to describe the observed. Here it is, our + +21:44.460 --> 21:47.960 +little Valhalla, our long-overgrown estate + +21:47.960 --> 21:51.380 +in time with a handful of mortgage souls + +21:51.380 --> 21:54.120 +with its meadows where sharpened sickle + +21:54.120 --> 21:56.980 +won't roam in all likelihood with abandon + +21:56.980 --> 22:00.820 +and where snowflakes float in the air as a + +22:00.820 --> 22:03.320 +good example of poise in a vacuum. + +22:08.420 --> 22:11.400 +Well, something lighter. + +22:20.740 --> 22:23.560 +The title of this poem is an epitaph for a + +22:23.560 --> 22:26.640 +centaur. You know, there's a half horse, + +22:26.700 --> 22:32.860 +half human creature. Richard. Epitaph for + +22:32.860 --> 22:33.380 +a centaur. + +22:37.460 --> 22:40.760 +To say that he was unhappy is either to + +22:40.760 --> 22:43.860 +say too much or too little, depending on + +22:43.860 --> 22:46.800 +who's the audience. Still, the smell he'd + +22:46.800 --> 22:49.420 +give off was a bit too odious, and his + +22:49.420 --> 22:52.640 +canter was also quite hard to match. He + +22:52.640 --> 22:54.740 +said they meant just a monument, but + +22:54.740 --> 22:57.040 +something went astray. The the womb, the + +22:57.040 --> 22:59.840 +assembly line, the economy, or else the + +22:59.840 --> 23:02.640 +war never happened. They befriended the + +23:02.640 --> 23:07.460 +enemy, and he was left... Well, let me + +23:07.460 --> 23:09.260 +start again, because it's kind of filled + +23:09.260 --> 23:09.520 +up. + +23:12.420 --> 23:15.000 +To say that he was unhappy is either to + +23:15.000 --> 23:18.080 +say too much or too little, depending on + +23:18.080 --> 23:20.760 +who's the audience. Still, the smell he'd + +23:20.760 --> 23:22.400 +give off was a bit too odious, and his + +23:22.400 --> 23:25.700 +canter was also quite hard to match. He + +23:25.700 --> 23:27.800 +said they meant just a monument, but + +23:27.800 --> 23:30.140 +something went astray. The womb, the + +23:30.140 --> 23:32.840 +assembly line, the economy. Where else the + +23:32.840 --> 23:34.860 +war never happened? They befriended the + +23:34.860 --> 23:36.820 +enemy, and he was left as it is, + +23:36.880 --> 23:38.600 +presumably to portray intransigence, + +23:38.860 --> 23:41.180 +incompatibility, that sort of thing which + +23:41.180 --> 23:43.240 +proves not so much one's uniqueness or + +23:43.240 --> 23:45.880 +virtue, but probability. For years, + +23:45.960 --> 23:48.920 +resembling a cloud, he wandered in olive + +23:48.920 --> 23:52.140 +groves, marveling at one-leggedness, the + +23:52.140 --> 23:54.640 +mother of immobility, learned to lie to + +23:54.640 --> 23:57.720 +himself and turned it into an art for want + +23:57.720 --> 24:00.620 +of a better company, also to check his + +24:00.620 --> 24:03.580 +sanity. And he died fairly young because + +24:03.580 --> 24:05.580 +his animal part turned out to be less + +24:05.580 --> 24:07.140 +durable than his humanity. + +24:15.720 --> 24:18.780 +I understand we like short and simple + +24:18.780 --> 24:19.720 +stuff, don't we? + +24:25.720 --> 24:29.940 +Okay, here's one example of that. One + +24:29.940 --> 24:30.160 +more. + +24:33.760 --> 24:34.560 +A song. + +24:38.220 --> 24:42.400 +I wish you were here, dear. I wish you + +24:42.400 --> 24:46.520 +were here. I wish you sat on the sofa and + +24:46.520 --> 24:49.380 +I sat near. The handkerchief could be + +24:49.380 --> 24:52.440 +yours. The tear could be mine, chin bound + +24:52.440 --> 24:54.320 +Though it could be, of course, the other + +24:54.320 --> 24:57.820 +way around I wish you were here, dear I + +24:57.820 --> 25:01.460 +wish you were here I wish we were in my + +25:01.460 --> 25:04.560 +car And you'd shift the gear We'd find + +25:04.560 --> 25:07.920 +ourselves elsewhere On an unknown shore Or + +25:07.920 --> 25:09.480 +else we'd repair to where we've been + +25:09.480 --> 25:13.380 +before I wish you were here, dear I wish + +25:13.380 --> 25:16.140 +you were here I wish I knew no astronomy + +25:16.140 --> 25:19.540 +When stars appear When the moon skims the + +25:19.540 --> 25:22.340 +water that sighs and shifts in its lumber. + +25:22.700 --> 25:25.020 +I wish it were still a quarter to dial + +25:25.020 --> 25:27.780 +your number. I wish you were here, dear, + +25:28.040 --> 25:31.740 +in this hemisphere. As I sit on the porch, + +25:31.820 --> 25:35.480 +sipping a beer. It's evening, the sun is + +25:35.480 --> 25:38.900 +setting, boys shout and girls are crying. + +25:39.320 --> 25:41.560 +What's the point of forgetting if it's + +25:41.560 --> 25:42.340 +followed by dying? + +25:53.700 --> 25:56.780 +The title of this poem is Lines for the + +25:56.780 --> 26:01.680 +Winter Recess. It's for the recess of the + +26:01.680 --> 26:04.020 +Congress, of the US Congress. Well, I + +26:04.020 --> 26:05.660 +spent indeed the last year in Washington, + +26:05.960 --> 26:11.120 +and here's the sort of a byproduct, if you + +26:11.120 --> 26:16.260 +will. Though the best, I think, outcome of + +26:16.260 --> 26:18.760 +a year spent in Washington in the Library + +26:18.760 --> 26:21.700 +of Congress was the following two-liner, + +26:21.800 --> 26:24.380 +of which I'm terribly proud. It goes like + +26:24.380 --> 26:29.100 +this. I sit at my desk. My life is + +26:29.100 --> 26:29.700 +grotesque. + +26:34.180 --> 26:34.740 +Okay. + +26:38.520 --> 26:39.120 +Okay. + +26:41.640 --> 26:45.840 +Lines for the winter recess. Well, it + +26:45.840 --> 26:47.660 +starts with a description, with somewhat + +26:47.660 --> 26:50.160 +fanciful, perhaps some of you, description + +26:50.160 --> 26:52.240 +of the capital in winter. + +26:56.160 --> 26:59.620 +A hard-boiled egg, cupped by the marble + +26:59.620 --> 27:03.780 +cold, cracks showing its evening yoke. The + +27:03.780 --> 27:06.260 +infinite avenue gobbles up cubes, + +27:06.440 --> 27:09.420 +rhomboids perlilipipeds, with preglacial + +27:09.420 --> 27:12.600 +appetite and simile in geometry. A + +27:12.600 --> 27:14.580 +snowbound airfield is lapping the neither + +27:14.580 --> 27:17.400 +milk nor honey of the meandering local + +27:17.400 --> 27:20.140 +river, sluggish, reluctant to make the + +27:20.140 --> 27:23.180 +ocean. Gentlemen, these are the good old + +27:23.180 --> 27:25.960 +days. Your toxic up on the highway still + +27:25.960 --> 27:28.980 +overtakes a hearse. A wolf flies down + +27:28.980 --> 27:31.600 +eagerly with a lamb or lame duck, sighting + +27:31.600 --> 27:34.080 +low temperature, green hues survive + +27:34.080 --> 27:37.000 +nevertheless in the streetlights. The mow + +27:37.000 --> 27:39.900 +unbundles things overseas, the richer ones + +27:39.900 --> 27:42.460 +cuisine, and if stocks don't shoot up any + +27:42.460 --> 27:44.600 +longer like obelisks, they still bear + +27:44.600 --> 27:48.160 +resemblance to dory columns holding a + +27:48.160 --> 27:50.220 +portico tight while beggars murder + +27:50.220 --> 27:54.500 +beggars. Lyrical and myopic stars blink in + +27:54.500 --> 27:57.200 +the winter sky like suburbia after hours, + +27:57.440 --> 28:00.220 +full of prayers sensitive to elapse in + +28:00.220 --> 28:02.620 +gravity but unconscious of its limits in + +28:02.620 --> 28:05.680 +fact quite expanding and yet the future + +28:05.680 --> 28:08.620 +surrounding your tender issue with + +28:08.620 --> 28:11.260 +bathroom tiles from onana Republic or + +28:11.260 --> 28:13.640 +manufactured locally is nowhere inside + +28:13.640 --> 28:17.280 +this are the good old days still with the + +28:17.280 --> 28:19.320 +quaint attractions with the unfinished + +28:19.320 --> 28:22.440 +business since frankly even a single swarm + +28:22.440 --> 28:25.600 +equals two in profile which which foils + +28:25.600 --> 28:27.760 +reflection if not applause, sincere + +28:27.760 --> 28:31.100 +window, past midnight, gleams, like a + +28:31.100 --> 28:32.900 +Chinaman scanning the yellow pages, + +28:33.120 --> 28:35.720 +stalling dreams, with their routine flat + +28:35.720 --> 28:39.920 +tire, with red meat curting knives, or a + +28:39.920 --> 28:41.420 +pasture, its herbivores. + +28:44.400 --> 28:49.460 +And here's something different. Well, it's + +28:49.460 --> 28:53.380 +a song of welcome. I should have read it + +28:53.380 --> 28:57.660 +at the beginning. Song of welcome. + +29:04.760 --> 29:07.260 +Here is your mom, here is your dad, + +29:07.520 --> 29:11.820 +welcome to being they flesh and blood, why + +29:11.820 --> 29:14.760 +do you look so sad? Here's your food, + +29:14.960 --> 29:18.120 +here's your drink, also some thoughts if + +29:18.120 --> 29:19.800 +you care to think, welcome Welcome to + +29:19.800 --> 29:22.380 +everything. Here's your practically clean + +29:22.380 --> 29:25.020 +slate. Welcome to it, though it's kind of + +29:25.020 --> 29:28.560 +late. Welcome at any rate. Here's your + +29:28.560 --> 29:31.140 +paycheck. Here's your rent. Money is + +29:31.140 --> 29:33.180 +nature's fifth element. Welcome to every + +29:33.180 --> 29:35.900 +cent. Here's your swarm and your huge + +29:35.900 --> 29:39.520 +beehive. Welcome to that there is roughly + +29:39.520 --> 29:43.300 +five billion like you alive. Welcome to + +29:43.300 --> 29:44.740 +the phone book that stars your name. + +29:45.460 --> 29:47.940 +Digits are democracy's secret aim. welcome + +29:47.940 --> 29:50.700 +to a claim to fame. Here's your marriage + +29:50.700 --> 29:53.440 +and here's divorce. Now that's the order + +29:53.440 --> 29:55.620 +you can't reverse, welcome to it, up + +29:55.620 --> 29:58.980 +yours. Here's your blade, here's your + +29:58.980 --> 30:01.700 +blade, here's your wrist, welcome to + +30:01.700 --> 30:03.920 +playing your own terrorist, call this your + +30:03.920 --> 30:06.180 +Middle East. Here's your mirror, your + +30:06.180 --> 30:08.860 +dental gleam, here's an octopus in your + +30:08.860 --> 30:12.100 +dream, why do you try to scream? Here's + +30:12.100 --> 30:14.620 +your corncob, your TV set, your Your + +30:14.620 --> 30:17.320 +candidate suffering and upset, welcome to + +30:17.320 --> 30:20.040 +what he said. Here's your porch, see the + +30:20.040 --> 30:23.700 +cars pass by. Here's your shitting dog's + +30:23.700 --> 30:27.200 +guilty eye, welcome to its alibi. Here's + +30:27.200 --> 30:30.680 +your cicadas, the ,, the bulbs dried tear + +30:30.680 --> 30:33.380 +in your lemon tea, welcome to infinity. + +30:34.260 --> 30:36.260 +Here are your pills on the plastic tray, + +30:36.920 --> 30:40.140 +your disappointing crisp x-ray, you are + +30:40.140 --> 30:42.900 +welcome to pray. Here's your cemetery, a + +30:42.900 --> 30:45.580 +well-kept glen, Welcome to a voice that + +30:45.580 --> 30:49.200 +says, Amen The end of the road, old man + +30:49.740 --> 30:52.340 +Here's your will, and here's a few takers + +30:52.340 --> 30:55.720 +Here's an empty pew, here's life after you + +30:56.240 --> 30:58.400 +And here are your stars, which appear + +30:58.400 --> 31:01.260 +still keen On shining as though you have + +31:01.260 --> 31:03.340 +never been They might have a point, old + +31:03.340 --> 31:06.220 +being Here's your afterlife, with no trace + +31:06.220 --> 31:09.260 +of you Especially of your face Welcome, + +31:09.420 --> 31:11.900 +and call it space Welcome to where one + +31:11.900 --> 31:14.020 +cannot breathe wreath. This way space + +31:14.020 --> 31:17.280 +resembles what's underneath and Saturn + +31:17.280 --> 31:18.700 +holds the wreath. + +31:28.920 --> 31:31.160 +I'm going to read to you a shorter poem + +31:31.160 --> 31:36.800 +now and I read to you both in English and + +31:36.800 --> 31:46.360 +in Russian if I can find... Well, + +31:48.260 --> 31:52.800 +it's called Breeze Marine. It's obviously, + +31:52.960 --> 31:54.560 +the title is obviously pinched from + +31:54.560 --> 31:55.040 +Mallarmé. + +31:58.540 --> 32:02.720 +Dear, I ventured out of the house late + +32:02.720 --> 32:05.320 +this this evening, merely for a breath of + +32:05.320 --> 32:09.000 +fresh air from the ocean not far away. The + +32:09.000 --> 32:11.200 +sun was smoldering low like a Chinese fan + +32:11.200 --> 32:14.240 +in a gallery, and a cloud reared up its + +32:14.240 --> 32:17.400 +huge lid like a Steinway. A quarter + +32:17.400 --> 32:20.840 +century back, you craved curry and dates + +32:20.840 --> 32:23.120 +from Senegal, tried your voice for the + +32:23.120 --> 32:25.780 +stage, scratched profiles in a sketch pad, + +32:26.340 --> 32:29.500 +dallied with me, but later, alloyed with a + +32:29.500 --> 32:31.360 +chemical engineer and judging by letters + +32:31.360 --> 32:34.560 +grew fairly stupid. These days you've been + +32:34.560 --> 32:37.380 +seen in churches, in the capital, and in + +32:37.380 --> 32:40.200 +provinces. At rights for our friends, + +32:40.240 --> 32:43.400 +acquaintances now continues. Yet I'm glad + +32:43.400 --> 32:45.600 +after all that the world still promises + +32:45.600 --> 32:48.480 +distances more inconceivable than the one + +32:48.480 --> 32:50.840 +between us. Understand me correctly + +32:50.840 --> 32:53.540 +though, your body, your verbal, your + +32:53.540 --> 32:56.160 +middle name now stir practically nothing. + +32:56.460 --> 32:59.080 +Not that they've ceased to burgeon, but to + +32:59.080 --> 33:01.900 +forget one life. A man needs at minimum + +33:01.900 --> 33:04.600 +one more life and I've done that portion. + +33:05.100 --> 33:08.680 +You got luck as well. Whales save in a + +33:08.680 --> 33:11.320 +snapshot perhaps. Will you forever remain + +33:11.320 --> 33:14.680 +free of wrinkles, lithe, caustic, vivid. + +33:15.060 --> 33:17.880 +Having bumped into memory, time learns + +33:17.880 --> 33:21.720 +impotence. Aptide, I I smoke in the + +33:21.720 --> 33:24.420 +darkness and inhale rank seaweed. + +33:31.900 --> 33:36.000 +Actually, I ruined the line here. Well, it + +33:36.000 --> 33:39.220 +went, having bumped into memory, time + +33:39.220 --> 33:43.500 +learns its impotence. For what it's worth, + +33:43.640 --> 33:48.140 +I repeated it. Well, the same poem is in + +33:48.140 --> 33:48.480 +Russian. + +33:51.460 --> 33:54.780 +Dear, I came out of my house late in the + +33:54.780 --> 33:58.400 +evening To breathe fresh air from the + +33:58.400 --> 34:01.160 +ocean The sunset was burning in the ground + +34:01.160 --> 34:04.000 +with a Chinese wind And the clouds were + +34:04.000 --> 34:07.540 +like a cover of a concert piano A quarter + +34:07.540 --> 34:09.840 +of a century ago You were eating with + +34:09.840 --> 34:11.560 +passion to the lullaby and to the phoenix + +34:11.560 --> 34:13.960 +You were drawing clouds in a notebook, + +34:14.380 --> 34:17.260 +singing a little You were having fun with + +34:17.260 --> 34:18.460 +me, but then you got together + +34:31.540 --> 34:31.900 +Thank you. + +34:48.460 --> 34:51.240 +No one destroyed them. But to forget one + +34:51.240 --> 34:54.600 +life, A person needs at least one more + +34:54.600 --> 34:57.740 +life. And I lived this fate. You were + +34:57.740 --> 35:01.120 +lucky too. Where else, except for the + +35:01.120 --> 35:04.600 +photos, You will always be without + +35:04.600 --> 35:08.580 +wrinkles, Young, cheerful, gloomy. For + +35:08.580 --> 35:12.120 +time, colliding with memory, Learns about + +35:12.120 --> 35:15.560 +its infidelity. I drink in the dark and + +35:15.560 --> 35:17.740 +inhale the rot from the lava. + +35:26.440 --> 35:29.220 +Now you are, I'm afraid indeed for a long + +35:29.220 --> 35:35.480 +haul. Well, I, it's + +35:35.480 --> 35:38.400 +a lengthy poem. It's titled Found the + +35:38.400 --> 35:47.640 +Circle. circle. And it's + +35:47.640 --> 35:49.620 +a lengthy poem indeed, so try to bear with + +35:49.620 --> 35:49.820 +me. + +36:01.780 --> 36:05.620 +The century will soon be over, but sooner + +36:05.620 --> 36:08.720 +it will be me. That's not the message, + +36:08.760 --> 36:11.540 +though, of a trembling knee, rather the + +36:11.540 --> 36:14.460 +influence of not to be, on to be, of the + +36:14.460 --> 36:18.200 +hunter upon, so to speak, his fowl, be + +36:18.200 --> 36:20.340 +that one's heart valve or a red brick + +36:20.340 --> 36:23.820 +wall. We hear the whiplash's foul whistle + +36:24.480 --> 36:26.720 +recalling vainly the surnames of those who + +36:26.720 --> 36:29.900 +have loved us back, writhing in the + +36:29.900 --> 36:33.120 +slippery palms of the local quack. The + +36:33.120 --> 36:35.200 +world has just lost the knack of being the + +36:35.200 --> 36:37.760 +place where a sofa, a foxtrot, a + +36:37.760 --> 36:40.680 +lampshade's cream-trimming abodes, a risky + +36:40.680 --> 36:43.120 +utterance reigns supreme. Who could + +36:43.120 --> 36:45.800 +foresee time's grim eraser razor, wiping + +36:45.800 --> 36:47.840 +them off like some chicken scroll from an + +36:47.840 --> 36:51.160 +old pad. Nobody, not a soul, yet time's + +36:51.160 --> 36:53.640 +shuffling soul has accomplished just that. + +36:54.100 --> 36:57.480 +Censurate, go ahead. Now everywhere the + +36:57.480 --> 37:01.720 +antennas, ping-pongs, stumps instead of + +37:01.720 --> 37:05.820 +trees. No chance of your sporting at a + +37:05.820 --> 37:08.360 +little café, your confrère, ruined by + +37:08.360 --> 37:10.840 +kismet. Nor at the bar, the silk-clad + +37:10.840 --> 37:13.600 +angel who failed to soar above herself and + +37:13.600 --> 37:16.240 +her whiskey sour on ice. And all over the + +37:16.240 --> 37:19.320 +place people obscure their view. Now + +37:19.320 --> 37:22.120 +forming a solid mass, now a lengthy queue. + +37:22.480 --> 37:25.000 +A tyrant's no longer a bugaboo but a plain + +37:25.000 --> 37:27.840 +mediocrity. Likewise, a car, at last, + +37:27.940 --> 37:30.340 +isn't a luxury but the means of extracting + +37:30.340 --> 37:32.980 +dust out of the street where the cast iron + +37:32.980 --> 37:35.340 +leg of a veteran fell silent for good, of + +37:35.340 --> 37:38.180 +course, and the child is convinced that + +37:38.180 --> 37:41.840 +the gray wolf is worse than infantry or + +37:41.840 --> 37:45.140 +the Air Force. And somehow your hanky, + +37:45.220 --> 37:47.500 +bypassing your nose more and more often, + +37:47.660 --> 37:50.460 +leaps to your organ of sight, trained on + +37:50.460 --> 37:52.800 +rustling leaves, taking personally the + +37:52.800 --> 37:55.340 +least new gap in the emptiness shielding + +37:55.340 --> 37:58.680 +fence, the letters E.D. heralding the past + +37:58.680 --> 38:01.760 +tense, an aria of suspense sung by a + +38:01.760 --> 38:04.500 +cuckoo's voice. Now it sounds more crude + +38:04.500 --> 38:07.000 +than say, Cavaradossis, approximately + +38:07.000 --> 38:10.420 +like, like hey dude, or at best like you + +38:10.420 --> 38:12.660 +should quit drinking. And your limp palm + +38:12.660 --> 38:15.620 +glides over the decanter's skin. Though + +38:15.620 --> 38:17.200 +it's neither the priest nor the rabbi + +38:17.200 --> 38:19.960 +that's barging in but the air called from + +38:19.960 --> 38:22.680 +the circle. Black things are in vogue, + +38:22.740 --> 38:26.380 +camisole, bloomers, hoes. When in the end + +38:26.380 --> 38:28.520 +you relieve your playmate of those items, + +38:28.600 --> 38:31.820 +your humble house suddenly gets lit up by + +38:31.820 --> 38:34.540 +something like 20 watt. But instead of an + +38:34.540 --> 38:37.420 +exuberant vivat, the leaves drop a flat + +38:37.420 --> 38:41.080 +sorry new times lamentable sorry times + +38:41.080 --> 38:45.340 +goods and shop windows spurting nicknames + +38:45.340 --> 38:48.040 +entice us into telling the types of things + +38:48.040 --> 38:50.280 +which are managed easily from the kinds + +38:50.280 --> 38:53.680 +which we technological become behind now + +38:53.680 --> 38:56.060 +equate to mankind's ancient quest not so + +38:56.060 --> 38:57.860 +much for something that lets you save + +38:57.860 --> 39:02.060 +energy as one inanimate sort of slave on + +39:02.060 --> 39:04.700 +the whole for safe anonymity that's the + +39:04.700 --> 39:06.920 +the logical, though unwelcome end of + +39:06.920 --> 39:09.800 +multiplying, of the demographic trend who + +39:09.800 --> 39:12.540 +sources neither the Orient nor zippers but + +39:12.540 --> 39:15.180 +electricity. The centuries winding down + +39:15.180 --> 39:18.880 +the rush of time, demanding a ruin a + +39:18.880 --> 39:23.640 +victim rejects a trash bag and a man won't + +39:23.640 --> 39:27.040 +wash either. No, give it sentiments, give + +39:27.040 --> 39:30.100 +it ideas plus memories, such as time's a + +39:30.100 --> 39:33.200 +last sweet tooth. Well, I make no fuss and + +39:33.200 --> 39:35.820 +and give, I am not yellow, I am ready to + +39:35.820 --> 39:37.940 +play a thing of the past, if that's so + +39:37.940 --> 39:40.560 +interesting to time, lying absentmindedly + +39:40.560 --> 39:43.480 +over its shoulder, its measly couch, which + +39:43.480 --> 39:45.420 +still shows some movement, though not much + +39:45.420 --> 39:48.020 +else, and is still warm to touch. I am + +39:48.020 --> 39:50.620 +ready to sing for good in them shifting + +39:50.620 --> 39:53.940 +sands, and I am prepared that a traveler + +39:53.940 --> 39:56.960 +shambling by won't focus the beady eye of + +39:56.960 --> 39:59.200 +his camera on me, and that he won't + +39:59.200 --> 40:01.280 +succumb to some powerful feeling on my + +40:01.280 --> 40:04.260 +account. It It so happens, I can't stand, + +40:04.380 --> 40:07.000 +I can't stand time that moves on. Time + +40:07.000 --> 40:09.540 +that stands still, I still can't stand. + +40:09.780 --> 40:12.260 +Like a solid facade whose style echoes now + +40:12.260 --> 40:15.080 +a stockpile, now a chessboard. The century + +40:15.080 --> 40:18.360 +was indeed not so bad. Well, perhaps the + +40:18.360 --> 40:20.720 +dead run a surplus. Yet the living did + +40:20.720 --> 40:23.820 +just that as well. So substantially, in + +40:23.820 --> 40:26.000 +fact, that presently they could be + +40:26.000 --> 40:27.480 +pickled, packed, and sealed to attract + +40:27.480 --> 40:29.680 +stellar customers known for their grand + +40:29.680 --> 40:31.500 +deep-freeze machinery. machinery, unless + +40:31.500 --> 40:33.380 +of course they insist on cheese, which + +40:33.380 --> 40:35.800 +could be visible is arranged, the holes in + +40:35.800 --> 40:37.960 +the collective memory are the proof. To + +40:37.960 --> 40:40.100 +the accompaniment of air crashes in not + +40:40.100 --> 40:43.840 +far off spots, the century ends, a prof + +40:43.840 --> 40:46.920 +mumbles, poking his finger upward, about + +40:46.920 --> 40:49.400 +the atmosphere's layers, expanding the + +40:49.400 --> 40:51.540 +heat, explaining the heat and attendant + +40:51.540 --> 40:55.460 +fears, but not how one steers from here, + +40:55.660 --> 40:58.680 +to where the cumulus bulky a frond is + +40:58.680 --> 41:00.840 +suffused with our forgive and don't + +41:00.840 --> 41:02.760 +forsake me which don't the ray + +41:02.760 --> 41:05.920 +interchanging is gold into some silver row + +41:05.920 --> 41:08.820 +yet the century rummaging through its + +41:08.820 --> 41:12.400 +bureau treats as retro even that well + +41:12.400 --> 41:15.380 +small wonder the more it ticks and tocks + +41:15.380 --> 41:18.540 +the busier young digs the more the + +41:18.540 --> 41:21.020 +antiques and relics including the planet + +41:21.020 --> 41:23.940 +stuck in its orbit and curting a sitting + +41:23.940 --> 41:25.940 +duck the runaway cool the suck of a a + +41:25.940 --> 41:29.040 +comet, including the dog-ear files of the + +41:29.040 --> 41:31.460 +fallen giant, since every bullet flies + +41:31.460 --> 41:33.700 +from the future which plies its urgent + +41:33.700 --> 41:36.120 +trade with the present and thus needs room + +41:36.120 --> 41:40.360 +now. Therefore, no heirloom lasts in the + +41:40.360 --> 41:43.540 +dolyard bloom for long. At the North Pole, + +41:44.500 --> 41:48.320 +a husky barks and a flag still twists. In + +41:48.320 --> 41:50.220 +the West, they stare eastward through + +41:50.220 --> 41:53.160 +their clenched fists, making out at least + +41:53.160 --> 41:56.260 +some barks, gone suddenly lively, spooked + +41:56.260 --> 41:59.740 +by the forest of hands, birds too, flutter + +41:59.740 --> 42:02.000 +and then take wing rapidly, heading due + +42:02.000 --> 42:05.600 +south to its valleys, to its minarets, + +42:05.620 --> 42:08.800 +turbans, palm trees, and further down, tom + +42:08.800 --> 42:12.000 +-tom row, tom-toms row. But the longer you + +42:12.000 --> 42:14.440 +scan strange features, the more they go + +42:14.440 --> 42:17.000 +you. You conclude that all over the place, + +42:17.180 --> 42:20.700 +the kinship between plain old dirt and say + +42:20.700 --> 42:23.020 +a great painting of the classical sort + +42:23.020 --> 42:25.380 +lies in that you won't hurt either's + +42:25.380 --> 42:29.280 +original ever. That nature, like minstrels + +42:29.280 --> 42:32.480 +of yesteryear, longing for carbons, like + +42:32.480 --> 42:35.160 +thalamus holding dear black letters, like + +42:35.160 --> 42:37.800 +a honeybee near its hive, truly cherishes + +42:37.800 --> 42:41.120 +the mass scale, profuse outputs, dreading + +42:41.120 --> 42:43.660 +uniqueness for its abuse of energy, whose + +42:43.660 --> 42:47.180 +best guardian is licentiousness. Space is + +42:47.180 --> 42:49.740 +fully settled, time is welcome to rub + +42:49.740 --> 42:55.820 +against its new surface. I'm sure space is + +42:55.820 --> 42:58.320 +fully settled, time is welcome to rub + +42:58.320 --> 43:00.340 +against its new surface. I'm sure + +43:00.340 --> 43:03.200 +indefinitely, all the same, your eyelid is + +43:03.200 --> 43:07.060 +drooping, only the seas alone remain + +43:07.060 --> 43:10.160 +unruffled and bloom, telling the dawn, go + +43:10.160 --> 43:14.100 +on, which sounds from afar like gone, And + +43:14.100 --> 43:16.920 +upon hearing that, one wants to quit one's + +43:16.920 --> 43:20.380 +travail, Shoveling, digging, and board a + +43:20.380 --> 43:23.080 +steamship, And sail, and sail, in order to + +43:23.080 --> 43:25.900 +hail in the end, Not an island, not an + +43:25.900 --> 43:28.520 +organism, lineus never found, Not the + +43:28.520 --> 43:30.860 +charms of new latitudes, but the other way + +43:30.860 --> 43:33.380 +around, Something of no account. + +43:44.240 --> 43:47.640 +Let me see what else is here. Something + +43:47.640 --> 43:48.120 +short. + +44:07.940 --> 44:11.940 +It's a bit early for this poem. + +44:23.000 --> 44:27.240 +It's a very simple poem. It's the Star of + +44:27.240 --> 44:27.640 +Nativity. + +44:32.160 --> 44:35.180 +In the cold season, in a locality + +44:35.180 --> 44:38.120 +accustomed to heat more than to cold, To + +44:38.120 --> 44:40.960 +horizontality more than to a mountain, A + +44:40.960 --> 44:43.660 +child was born in a cave in order to save + +44:43.660 --> 44:47.220 +the world. It blew as only in deserts, in + +44:47.220 --> 44:51.160 +winter it blows athwart. To him all things + +44:51.160 --> 44:55.000 +seemed enormous, His mother's breast, the + +44:55.000 --> 44:57.580 +steam out of the ox's nostrils, Kaspar, + +44:57.780 --> 45:00.060 +Baltazar, Melchior, the team of Magi, + +45:00.220 --> 45:03.100 +Their presence heaped by the door, ajar. + +45:03.100 --> 45:06.620 +He was but a dot, and a dot was the star, + +45:06.800 --> 45:10.680 +keenly, without blinking, through pallid, + +45:10.680 --> 45:13.280 +stray clouds, upon a child in the manger, + +45:13.500 --> 45:16.360 +from far away, from the depth of the + +45:16.360 --> 45:19.380 +universe, from its opposite end, the star + +45:19.380 --> 45:21.980 +was looking into the cave, and that was + +45:21.980 --> 45:23.260 +the father's stare. There. + +46:14.260 --> 46:17.060 +becusa.com + +46:36.180 --> 46:39.140 +Well, I'm going to read to you two more + +46:39.140 --> 46:43.300 +poems. Oh, well, I'm going to read you one + +46:43.300 --> 46:44.920 +more, well, several more poems. + +46:49.100 --> 46:51.760 +Now I think you've displayed enough + +46:51.760 --> 46:53.840 +patience. and you deserve to be + +46:53.840 --> 46:54.300 +entertained. + +46:58.880 --> 47:03.520 +Okay. Well, this is what you're going to + +47:03.520 --> 47:06.700 +hear. It's essentially a translation. + +47:10.400 --> 47:14.680 +I translated this poem into English from, + +47:14.720 --> 47:17.700 +believe it or not, from a Sumerian + +47:17.700 --> 47:19.380 +language, from Akkadian to be precise. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/tw602gm2722_b_sl.vtt b/docs/baseline/tw602gm2722_b_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..39404fd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/tw602gm2722_b_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,950 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:04.600 --> 00:07.360 +David Shainberg Reviewer 1 Dates back to + +00:07.360 --> 00:13.040 +the 11th or 10th century BC. And it's + +00:13.040 --> 00:15.220 +known among Sumerian scholars as dialogue + +00:15.220 --> 00:19.500 +on pessimism. Well, that's one set of + +00:19.500 --> 00:23.380 +scholars think of this poem as a dialogue + +00:23.380 --> 00:25.820 +on pessimism. The other set of scholars, + +00:26.060 --> 00:31.220 +presumably now as numerous, claims that + +00:31.220 --> 00:33.200 +it's being sort of a theatrical skit. + +00:33.600 --> 00:35.580 +Well, you will decide yourself what it is. + +00:36.540 --> 00:40.160 +If you can help it in the course of my + +00:40.160 --> 00:42.520 +reading it to you, don't just laugh. Don't + +00:42.520 --> 00:43.200 +laugh so readily. + +00:46.360 --> 00:49.100 +Well, it's about two pages, basically. + +00:55.940 --> 01:01.220 +slave come slave come to my service slave + +01:01.220 --> 01:04.640 +come to my service yes my master yes quick + +01:04.640 --> 01:07.580 +fetch my chariot hitch up the course the + +01:07.580 --> 01:10.520 +horses i'll drive to the palace drive to + +01:10.520 --> 01:12.680 +the palace my master drive to the palace + +01:12.680 --> 01:15.200 +the king will be pleased to see you he + +01:15.200 --> 01:18.100 +will be benevolent to you no slave i won't + +01:18.100 --> 01:20.340 +go go to the palace. Don't, my master, + +01:20.480 --> 01:23.140 +don't go to the palace. The king will send + +01:23.140 --> 01:25.320 +you on a faraway expedition down the + +01:25.320 --> 01:27.540 +unknown road through hostile mountains. + +01:27.820 --> 01:29.580 +Day and night he will make you experience + +01:29.580 --> 01:32.540 +pain and hardship. Slave, come to my + +01:32.540 --> 01:35.820 +service. Yes, my master, yes. Fetch water, + +01:36.140 --> 01:38.240 +pour it over my hands. I am to eat my + +01:38.240 --> 01:40.920 +supper. Eat your supper, my master, eat + +01:40.920 --> 01:43.320 +your supper. Frequent meals glutton one's + +01:43.320 --> 01:45.560 +heart. Man's supper is the supper of his + +01:45.560 --> 01:47.820 +God and clean hands catch the eye of + +01:47.820 --> 01:50.660 +Shamash. No slave, I won't eat my supper. + +01:50.940 --> 01:53.120 +Don't eat your supper, master. Don't eat + +01:53.120 --> 01:55.380 +your supper. Drink and thirst, food and + +01:55.380 --> 01:57.460 +hunger. Never leave men alone that alone + +01:57.460 --> 02:00.140 +each other. Slave, come to my service. + +02:00.300 --> 02:02.640 +Yes, my master, yes. Quick, fetch my + +02:02.640 --> 02:04.440 +chariot, hitch up the horses. I'll go for + +02:04.440 --> 02:06.580 +a ride in the country. Do that, my master, + +02:06.680 --> 02:09.080 +do that. A carefree wanderer always feels + +02:09.080 --> 02:11.980 +his belly. A stray dog always finds a + +02:11.980 --> 02:14.080 +bone. A migrating swallow is especially + +02:14.080 --> 02:16.520 +skilled in nesting. A wild donkey finds + +02:16.520 --> 02:19.020 +the grass in the driest desert. No slave, + +02:19.240 --> 02:20.840 +I won't go for a ride in the country. + +02:21.080 --> 02:24.200 +Don't go, my master, don't bother. The lot + +02:24.200 --> 02:27.080 +of a wanderer is always dicey. A stray dog + +02:27.080 --> 02:29.180 +loses its teeth. The nest of a migrating + +02:29.180 --> 02:31.780 +swallow gets buried in plaster. Naked + +02:31.780 --> 02:34.520 +earth is a wild donkey's bedding. Slave, + +02:34.720 --> 02:37.840 +come to my service. Yes, my master, yes. I + +02:37.840 --> 02:39.220 +feel like starting a family, like + +02:39.220 --> 02:41.260 +begetting children good thinking my master + +02:41.260 --> 02:44.580 +start a family start a family who has + +02:44.580 --> 02:46.460 +children secures his name repeated in + +02:46.460 --> 02:49.380 +posthumous prayers no slave I won't start + +02:49.380 --> 02:52.240 +a family I won't have children don't start + +02:52.240 --> 02:55.260 +at my master don't have them a family is + +02:55.260 --> 02:58.120 +like a broken door is hinges creaking only + +02:58.120 --> 03:00.360 +a third of a once children are healthy two + +03:00.360 --> 03:02.500 +-thirds always sickly so should I start a + +03:02.500 --> 03:05.220 +family don't start a family who starts a + +03:05.220 --> 03:08.140 +family waste his ancestral house slave + +03:08.140 --> 03:11.880 +come to my service yes my master yes i + +03:11.880 --> 03:13.880 +shall deal to my enemy in the court i will + +03:13.880 --> 03:16.480 +still silent before my detractors right my + +03:16.480 --> 03:19.240 +master right yield to your enemy keep + +03:19.240 --> 03:21.240 +silence my master before detractors no + +03:21.240 --> 03:23.340 +slave i won't be silent and i won't yield + +03:23.340 --> 03:25.940 +don't heal my master and don't be silent + +03:25.940 --> 03:28.180 +even if you don't open your mouth at all + +03:28.180 --> 03:30.200 +your enemies will be merciless and cruel + +03:30.200 --> 03:33.500 +to you as well as numerous slave come to + +03:33.500 --> 03:37.620 +my service yes my master yes I feel looked + +03:37.620 --> 03:40.520 +like doing some evil and do that my master + +03:40.520 --> 03:42.860 +by all means do some evil for how + +03:42.860 --> 03:44.760 +otherwise can you stuff your belly how + +03:44.760 --> 03:47.060 +without doing evil you can you dress + +03:47.060 --> 03:49.360 +yourself warmly no slave I shall do no + +03:49.360 --> 03:51.880 +evil evil doers I either killed of laid + +03:51.880 --> 03:54.220 +alive and blinded or blind and inflate + +03:54.220 --> 03:56.640 +alive and thrown into a dungeon slave come + +03:56.640 --> 04:00.020 +to my service Yes, my master, yes. I'll + +04:00.020 --> 04:01.820 +fall in love with a woman. Fall in love + +04:01.820 --> 04:04.480 +with my master. Fall in love. Who falls in + +04:04.480 --> 04:06.140 +love with a woman forgets his griefs and + +04:06.140 --> 04:08.660 +sorrows. No slave. I won't fall in love + +04:08.660 --> 04:11.580 +with a woman. Don't love, my master. Don't + +04:11.580 --> 04:14.360 +love. Woman is a snare, a trap, a dark + +04:14.360 --> 04:16.740 +pit. Woman is a sharp steel blade slitting + +04:16.740 --> 04:19.620 +man's throat in darkness. Slave, come to + +04:19.620 --> 04:22.840 +my service. Yes, my master, yes. Quick + +04:22.840 --> 04:25.900 +fetch water to wash my hands. I am to make + +04:25.900 --> 04:28.000 +an offering to my God. Make an offering. + +04:28.320 --> 04:30.480 +Make an offering. Who makes offering to + +04:30.480 --> 04:32.860 +his God fills his heart with riches. He + +04:32.860 --> 04:35.800 +feels generous and his purse is open. No + +04:35.800 --> 04:38.500 +slave. I won't make an offering. Rightly + +04:38.500 --> 04:41.140 +so, my master. Rightly so. Can you really + +04:41.140 --> 04:42.680 +train your God to follow you like a + +04:42.680 --> 04:45.240 +doggie? All the time he demands obedience, + +04:45.500 --> 04:48.900 +retail, sacrifices. Slave, come to my + +04:48.900 --> 04:51.720 +service. Yes, my master, yes. I will + +04:51.720 --> 04:53.880 +invest with interest. I will loan for the + +04:53.880 --> 04:56.180 +interest. Yes, invest with interest, make + +04:56.180 --> 04:57.920 +loans for the interest. Who does, + +04:58.060 --> 04:59.880 +preserves his own, his profit though is + +04:59.880 --> 05:02.760 +enormous, is enormous. No slave, I won't + +05:02.760 --> 05:05.000 +lend and I won't invest. Don't invest, my + +05:05.000 --> 05:07.840 +master, don't lend. To lend is like loving + +05:07.840 --> 05:09.720 +a woman, to receive like siring but + +05:09.720 --> 05:12.040 +children. People always curse those whose + +05:12.040 --> 05:15.320 +grain they eat. They resent you and try to + +05:15.320 --> 05:17.800 +reduce your profit. Slave, come to my + +05:17.800 --> 05:21.700 +service. Yes, my master, yes. I shall do a + +05:21.700 --> 05:23.540 +good deed for my nation. Very good, my + +05:23.540 --> 05:25.780 +master, very good. You do that. Who does + +05:25.780 --> 05:27.640 +good deeds for his nation has his name in + +05:27.640 --> 05:31.400 +Marduk's gold signet. No slave. I won't do + +05:31.400 --> 05:33.480 +a good deed for my nation. Don't do that, + +05:33.500 --> 05:36.300 +my master. Don't bother. Get up and stroll + +05:36.300 --> 05:38.960 +across ancient ruins. scant the skulls of + +05:38.960 --> 05:41.380 +simple folk and nobles. Which one of them + +05:41.380 --> 05:43.600 +was a villain? Which one? A benefactor? + +05:44.200 --> 05:46.860 +Slave, come to my service. Yes, my master, + +05:46.920 --> 05:51.580 +yes. If all this is so, then what is good? + +05:52.520 --> 05:55.940 +To have your neck broken and my neck + +05:55.940 --> 05:58.640 +broken, to be thrown into a river, that's + +05:58.640 --> 06:01.140 +what is good. Who is so tall as to reach + +06:01.140 --> 06:03.760 +the heavens? Who is so broad as to embrace + +06:03.760 --> 06:06.120 +plains and mountains? mountains. If that's + +06:06.120 --> 06:08.260 +so, I should kill your slave. I'd rather + +06:08.260 --> 06:11.120 +you go before me. And does my master + +06:11.120 --> 06:13.060 +believe that he can survive for three days + +06:13.060 --> 06:15.780 +without me?" + +06:26.220 --> 06:27.980 +Well, and just one more poem. + +06:36.660 --> 06:38.700 +Well, why don't I do this? + +06:46.100 --> 06:48.540 +The title of this poem is New Life. + +06:52.820 --> 06:55.360 +And reading it constitutes a world + +06:55.360 --> 06:56.620 +premiere for this poem. + +07:01.940 --> 07:05.480 +I'll try to go as slowly as possible about + +07:05.480 --> 07:09.380 +the lines. New life. + +07:13.500 --> 07:17.620 +Imagine that war is over, that peace has + +07:17.620 --> 07:21.540 +resumed its reign, that you can still make + +07:21.540 --> 07:24.840 +a mirror, that it's a cuckoo or a magpie + +07:24.840 --> 07:28.020 +and not the junkers that chirps in the + +07:28.020 --> 07:30.860 +twigs again. That the window frames not + +07:30.860 --> 07:32.800 +the town's rubble but its rococo palms, + +07:33.040 --> 07:36.020 +magnolias, pine trees, tenacious ivy, + +07:36.020 --> 07:39.260 +grass, laurel. That the cast iron lace the + +07:39.260 --> 07:42.020 +moon used to shepherd clouds in endured in + +07:42.020 --> 07:45.200 +the end the onslaught of mimosa plus burst + +07:45.200 --> 07:47.880 +of agave. That life must start from the + +07:47.880 --> 07:51.140 +very threshold. People exit their rooms + +07:51.140 --> 07:54.340 +whose chairs like letters B or else H, + +07:54.700 --> 07:58.240 +shield them from vertigo on occasion. They + +07:58.240 --> 07:59.980 +have used to nobody save themselves + +07:59.980 --> 08:02.620 +pavement flagstones, the rules of + +08:02.620 --> 08:05.160 +multiplication. Thus the impact of + +08:05.160 --> 08:07.320 +statues, of the empty niches more + +08:07.320 --> 08:10.560 +accurately. Well, failing sanctity one + +08:10.560 --> 08:13.520 +still can use is by word. Imagine that + +08:13.520 --> 08:16.660 +this is all true. Imagine you speak of + +08:16.660 --> 08:18.860 +yourself while speaking of them of + +08:18.860 --> 08:21.860 +anything extra, side word. Life Life + +08:21.860 --> 08:24.460 +starts in you indeed like this, with a + +08:24.460 --> 08:27.580 +painted view of a volcanic eruption, of a + +08:27.580 --> 08:30.520 +dinghy high wave's billiger, with that + +08:30.520 --> 08:32.140 +attendant feeling it's only you who + +08:32.140 --> 08:34.500 +surveyed the disaster, with the feeling + +08:34.500 --> 08:36.280 +that you are eager to shift your gaze any + +08:36.280 --> 08:39.260 +moment, catch sight of a couch, a blast of + +08:39.260 --> 08:42.240 +peonies in Chinese ways, sallow against + +08:42.240 --> 08:45.900 +the plaster. They garish colors, they + +08:45.900 --> 08:48.300 +wilting mouths, must be in their turn + +08:48.300 --> 08:51.320 +harbingers of a disaster. Each thing is + +08:51.320 --> 08:53.820 +vulnerable. The very thought about the + +08:53.820 --> 08:55.860 +thing gets quickly forgotten. Things are + +08:55.860 --> 08:59.200 +in truth the leeches of thought. Hence + +08:59.200 --> 09:01.720 +their shapes. Each one is a brain cut out. + +09:02.180 --> 09:05.500 +The attachment to place. The Penelope + +09:05.500 --> 09:07.980 +features that is taste for the future. At + +09:07.980 --> 09:11.160 +sunrise a rooster is heard. Stepping out + +09:11.160 --> 09:13.200 +of the tub, wrapped in the bed sheets, + +09:13.320 --> 09:15.860 +leaning in a hotel. In the new life you + +09:15.860 --> 09:18.140 +learn the the herd of four-legged + +09:18.140 --> 09:20.500 +furniture, mahogany, and cast iron. + +09:20.920 --> 09:24.320 +Imagine that epics shrink into idylls, + +09:24.320 --> 09:27.060 +that words about the converse of flames, + +09:27.160 --> 09:30.620 +long tongues, of that raging sermon which + +09:30.620 --> 09:32.680 +used to devour your betters greedily like + +09:32.680 --> 09:36.280 +dry wood, that flame found it difficult to + +09:36.280 --> 09:38.280 +determine your worth, not to mention + +09:38.280 --> 09:40.820 +warmth. That's why you've survived intact. + +09:41.600 --> 09:44.040 +That's why you can stomach apathy. That's + +09:44.040 --> 09:46.060 +why you feel fit to mingle with Pomona, + +09:46.060 --> 09:48.440 +Vertumni, Ceres, this place is packed + +09:48.440 --> 09:51.020 +with. That's why on your lips is this + +09:51.020 --> 09:54.100 +shepherd's jingle. For how long can one + +09:54.100 --> 09:57.900 +justify oneself? However you hide the ace, + +09:58.120 --> 10:01.060 +the table gets hit with jacks of some old + +10:01.060 --> 10:05.000 +suit or tailor. Imagine the more sincere + +10:05.000 --> 10:07.740 +the voice, the less it retains the trace + +10:07.740 --> 10:10.500 +of love for no matter what, of anger, of + +10:10.500 --> 10:13.540 +tears, of terror. Imagine your wireless + +10:13.540 --> 10:17.300 +catching at times your old anthems hum. + +10:17.900 --> 10:20.480 +Imagine that here too each letter is + +10:20.480 --> 10:23.240 +trailed by a weaning retinue of its likes, + +10:23.440 --> 10:26.300 +forming blindly now Betsy, now Ibrahim, + +10:26.500 --> 10:28.920 +dragging the pen past the limits of + +10:28.920 --> 10:31.860 +alphabet and meaning. Twilight in the the + +10:31.860 --> 10:37.060 +new life, cicadas that don't relent, a + +10:37.060 --> 10:40.080 +classicist perspective that lacks a tank + +10:40.080 --> 10:43.080 +or burying that dank fog patches to + +10:43.080 --> 10:46.200 +obfuscate its end, a bare parquet floor + +10:46.200 --> 10:49.700 +that never sustained a tango. In the new + +10:49.700 --> 10:52.060 +life they don't beg the moment, stay, + +10:52.420 --> 10:55.000 +brought to a standstill, it quickly + +10:55.000 --> 10:57.980 +succumbs to dotage, and your features on + +10:57.980 --> 11:00.040 +top of that are glazed enough anyway to + +11:00.040 --> 11:03.120 +scratch on their mat side high and attach + +11:03.120 --> 11:07.080 +the postage. The white stuccoed walls of a + +11:07.080 --> 11:11.760 +room are turning more white because of a + +11:11.760 --> 11:14.880 +glance shot in their direction and boding + +11:14.880 --> 11:17.540 +censure, steep not so much in great + +11:17.540 --> 11:20.320 +meadows' morose repose as in the + +11:20.320 --> 11:22.380 +spectrum's lack of their self-negating + +11:22.380 --> 11:25.180 +tincture. A thing can be pardoned plenty, + +11:25.560 --> 11:28.480 +especially when it comes, zones, where it + +11:28.480 --> 11:31.560 +reaches its end, ultimately one's unbound + +11:31.560 --> 11:34.740 +curiosity about these empty zones, about + +11:34.740 --> 11:37.860 +this objectless vista is what art seems to + +11:37.860 --> 11:40.920 +be all about. In the new life, a cloud is + +11:40.920 --> 11:44.500 +better than the bright sun. The rain, akin + +11:44.500 --> 11:47.500 +to self-knowledge, appears perpetual. On + +11:47.500 --> 11:50.140 +the other hand, an unexpected train you + +11:50.140 --> 11:51.840 +don't wait for alone on the platform + +11:51.840 --> 11:55.340 +arrives on schedule. A sail is passing its + +11:55.340 --> 11:59.140 +judgment on the horizon's lie. The eye + +11:59.140 --> 12:00.980 +tracks the sleeping self, though it's the + +12:00.980 --> 12:04.280 +foam that's famous. And should anyone ask + +12:04.280 --> 12:08.260 +you, who are you? You reply, who? I? I am + +12:08.260 --> 12:10.960 +nobody, as Ulysses once muttered to + +12:10.960 --> 12:11.560 +Polyphemus. + +12:30.780 --> 12:33.740 +That's an old poem. Okay, I'll do that. + +12:41.640 --> 12:43.900 +I was asked to read you one more poem. + +12:44.980 --> 12:47.060 +It's an old poem indeed, and if I can find + +12:47.060 --> 12:48.080 +it, I'll read it to you. + +12:56.500 --> 12:58.820 +Well, let me see. Maybe I should look at + +12:58.820 --> 12:59.540 +the table of comments. + +13:17.060 --> 13:19.620 +Charles Junkerman from Humanity Center + +13:19.620 --> 13:22.280 +asked me to read this poem and I can't + +13:22.280 --> 13:25.080 +deny my host. + +13:29.620 --> 13:31.980 +The title of this poem is, it's an old + +13:31.980 --> 13:35.880 +poem, it's about 20 years ago, it's called + +13:35.880 --> 13:37.100 +Odysseus to Telemachus. + +13:41.400 --> 13:45.260 +My dear Telemachus, the Trojan War is over + +13:45.260 --> 13:48.760 +now. I don't recall who won it, the Greeks + +13:48.760 --> 13:51.680 +no doubt, for only they would leave so + +13:51.680 --> 13:53.940 +many dead so far from their own homeland. + +13:54.440 --> 13:58.300 +But still, my homeward way has proved too + +13:58.300 --> 14:00.940 +long. While we were wasting time there, + +14:01.120 --> 14:03.840 +old Poseidon, it almost seems, stretched + +14:03.840 --> 14:07.640 +an extended space. I don't know where I am + +14:07.640 --> 14:10.740 +or what this place can be. It would appear + +14:10.740 --> 14:13.300 +some filthy island with bushes, buildings + +14:13.300 --> 14:15.600 +and great grunting hunting pigs, a garden + +14:15.600 --> 14:18.300 +choked with weeds, some queen or other, + +14:18.440 --> 14:22.540 +grass and huge stones. Telemachus, my son, + +14:23.360 --> 14:25.340 +to wander the faces of all islands + +14:25.340 --> 14:28.540 +resemble one another and the mind trips + +14:28.540 --> 14:31.780 +numbering waves, eyes soar from sea + +14:31.780 --> 14:34.680 +horizons, run and the flesh of water + +14:34.680 --> 14:38.280 +stuffs the ears. I can't remember how the + +14:38.280 --> 14:41.480 +war came out, even how old you are, I + +14:41.480 --> 14:44.120 +can't remember. Remember, grow up then, my + +14:44.120 --> 14:47.560 +Telemachus, grow strong. Only the gods + +14:47.560 --> 14:49.840 +know if we'll see each other again. You've + +14:49.840 --> 14:52.280 +long since ceased to be that babe before + +14:52.280 --> 14:55.100 +whom I reined in the plowing bullocks. Had + +14:55.100 --> 14:58.960 +it not been for Palamedes' trick, we two + +14:58.960 --> 15:01.000 +would still be living in one household. + +15:01.600 --> 15:05.400 +But maybe he was right. Away from me. You + +15:05.400 --> 15:07.680 +are quite safe from all Oedipal passions. + +15:08.160 --> 15:10.960 +And your dreams, my Telemachus, are + +15:10.960 --> 15:11.480 +blameless. + +15:25.880 --> 15:28.760 +Okay, I read this poem in Russian. + +15:34.180 --> 15:41.340 +odyssey telemark my telemark Trojan war is + +15:41.340 --> 15:46.240 +over who won I don't remember there must + +15:46.240 --> 15:49.540 +be Greeks so many dead people can't be + +15:49.540 --> 15:53.880 +thrown away only Greeks can and still the + +15:53.880 --> 15:57.600 +host home the road The road seemed too + +15:57.600 --> 16:01.200 +long, like Poseidon While we were there, + +16:01.400 --> 16:05.780 +we lost time, stretched the space I don't + +16:05.780 --> 16:09.120 +know where I am, what's in front of me + +16:09.120 --> 16:12.840 +Some dirty island, bushes, buildings, + +16:13.400 --> 16:16.980 +growling of pigs A overgrown garden, some + +16:16.980 --> 16:20.980 +kind of queen, grass to the stones A cute + +16:20.980 --> 16:23.940 +telemark, all the islands look like each + +16:23.940 --> 16:26.640 +other When you've been wandering for so + +16:26.640 --> 16:28.920 +long, and your mind is already breaking + +16:28.920 --> 16:32.100 +down, counting the waves. Your eyes are + +16:32.100 --> 16:34.900 +covered with a sunken horizon, and your + +16:34.900 --> 16:38.160 +mouth is covered with water. I don't + +16:38.160 --> 16:41.200 +remember how the war ended, and how many + +16:41.200 --> 16:43.420 +years have you been, I don't remember. + +16:43.940 --> 16:48.760 +Grow, my big one, grow, my telemark. Only + +16:48.760 --> 16:51.380 +the gods know whether we'll meet again. + +17:17.860 --> 17:20.660 +Thank you. + +17:37.620 --> 17:38.620 +Thank you very much. + +17:52.740 --> 17:55.720 +Thank you very much. You appear to be very + +17:55.720 --> 18:00.580 +patient people. Thank you. Thank you. + +19:07.540 --> 19:10.340 +Thank you. + +19:33.400 --> 19:36.200 +Thank you. + +20:03.520 --> 20:04.000 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/tw602gm2722_b_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/baseline/tw602gm2722_b_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4531c99 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/tw602gm2722_b_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,950 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:04.600 --> 00:07.360 +David Shainberg Reviewer 1 Dates back to + +00:07.360 --> 00:13.040 +the 11th or 10th century BC. And it's + +00:13.040 --> 00:15.220 +known among Sumerian scholars as dialogue + +00:15.220 --> 00:19.500 +on pessimism. Well, that's one set of + +00:19.500 --> 00:23.380 +scholars think of this poem as a dialogue + +00:23.380 --> 00:25.820 +on pessimism. The other set of scholars, + +00:26.060 --> 00:31.220 +presumably now as numerous, claims that + +00:31.220 --> 00:33.200 +it's being sort of a theatrical skit. + +00:33.600 --> 00:35.580 +Well, you will decide yourself what it is. + +00:36.540 --> 00:40.160 +If you can help it in the course of my + +00:40.160 --> 00:42.520 +reading it to you, don't just laugh. Don't + +00:42.520 --> 00:43.200 +laugh so readily. + +00:46.360 --> 00:49.100 +Well, it's about two pages, basically. + +00:55.940 --> 01:01.220 +slave come slave come to my service slave + +01:01.220 --> 01:04.640 +come to my service yes my master yes quick + +01:04.640 --> 01:07.580 +fetch my chariot hitch up the course the + +01:07.580 --> 01:10.520 +horses i'll drive to the palace drive to + +01:10.520 --> 01:12.680 +the palace my master drive to the palace + +01:12.680 --> 01:15.200 +the king will be pleased to see you he + +01:15.200 --> 01:18.100 +will be benevolent to you no slave i won't + +01:18.100 --> 01:20.340 +go go to the palace. Don't, my master, + +01:20.480 --> 01:23.140 +don't go to the palace. The king will send + +01:23.140 --> 01:25.320 +you on a faraway expedition down the + +01:25.320 --> 01:27.540 +unknown road through hostile mountains. + +01:27.820 --> 01:29.580 +Day and night he will make you experience + +01:29.580 --> 01:32.540 +pain and hardship. Slave, come to my + +01:32.540 --> 01:35.820 +service. Yes, my master, yes. Fetch water, + +01:36.140 --> 01:38.240 +pour it over my hands. I am to eat my + +01:38.240 --> 01:40.920 +supper. Eat your supper, my master, eat + +01:40.920 --> 01:43.320 +your supper. Frequent meals glutton one's + +01:43.320 --> 01:45.560 +heart. Man's supper is the supper of his + +01:45.560 --> 01:47.820 +God and clean hands catch the eye of + +01:47.820 --> 01:50.660 +Shamash. No slave, I won't eat my supper. + +01:50.940 --> 01:53.120 +Don't eat your supper, master. Don't eat + +01:53.120 --> 01:55.380 +your supper. Drink and thirst, food and + +01:55.380 --> 01:57.460 +hunger. Never leave men alone that alone + +01:57.460 --> 02:00.140 +each other. Slave, come to my service. + +02:00.300 --> 02:02.640 +Yes, my master, yes. Quick, fetch my + +02:02.640 --> 02:04.440 +chariot, hitch up the horses. I'll go for + +02:04.440 --> 02:06.580 +a ride in the country. Do that, my master, + +02:06.680 --> 02:09.080 +do that. A carefree wanderer always feels + +02:09.080 --> 02:11.980 +his belly. A stray dog always finds a + +02:11.980 --> 02:14.080 +bone. A migrating swallow is especially + +02:14.080 --> 02:16.520 +skilled in nesting. A wild donkey finds + +02:16.520 --> 02:19.020 +the grass in the driest desert. No slave, + +02:19.240 --> 02:20.840 +I won't go for a ride in the country. + +02:21.080 --> 02:24.200 +Don't go, my master, don't bother. The lot + +02:24.200 --> 02:27.080 +of a wanderer is always dicey. A stray dog + +02:27.080 --> 02:29.180 +loses its teeth. The nest of a migrating + +02:29.180 --> 02:31.780 +swallow gets buried in plaster. Naked + +02:31.780 --> 02:34.520 +earth is a wild donkey's bedding. Slave, + +02:34.720 --> 02:37.840 +come to my service. Yes, my master, yes. I + +02:37.840 --> 02:39.220 +feel like starting a family, like + +02:39.220 --> 02:41.260 +begetting children good thinking my master + +02:41.260 --> 02:44.580 +start a family start a family who has + +02:44.580 --> 02:46.460 +children secures his name repeated in + +02:46.460 --> 02:49.380 +posthumous prayers no slave I won't start + +02:49.380 --> 02:52.240 +a family I won't have children don't start + +02:52.240 --> 02:55.260 +at my master don't have them a family is + +02:55.260 --> 02:58.120 +like a broken door is hinges creaking only + +02:58.120 --> 03:00.360 +a third of a once children are healthy two + +03:00.360 --> 03:02.500 +-thirds always sickly so should I start a + +03:02.500 --> 03:05.220 +family don't start a family who starts a + +03:05.220 --> 03:08.140 +family waste his ancestral house slave + +03:08.140 --> 03:11.880 +come to my service yes my master yes i + +03:11.880 --> 03:13.880 +shall deal to my enemy in the court i will + +03:13.880 --> 03:16.480 +still silent before my detractors right my + +03:16.480 --> 03:19.240 +master right yield to your enemy keep + +03:19.240 --> 03:21.240 +silence my master before detractors no + +03:21.240 --> 03:23.340 +slave i won't be silent and i won't yield + +03:23.340 --> 03:25.940 +don't heal my master and don't be silent + +03:25.940 --> 03:28.180 +even if you don't open your mouth at all + +03:28.180 --> 03:30.200 +your enemies will be merciless and cruel + +03:30.200 --> 03:33.500 +to you as well as numerous slave come to + +03:33.500 --> 03:37.620 +my service yes my master yes I feel looked + +03:37.620 --> 03:40.520 +like doing some evil and do that my master + +03:40.520 --> 03:42.860 +by all means do some evil for how + +03:42.860 --> 03:44.760 +otherwise can you stuff your belly how + +03:44.760 --> 03:47.060 +without doing evil you can you dress + +03:47.060 --> 03:49.360 +yourself warmly no slave I shall do no + +03:49.360 --> 03:51.880 +evil evil doers I either killed of laid + +03:51.880 --> 03:54.220 +alive and blinded or blind and inflate + +03:54.220 --> 03:56.640 +alive and thrown into a dungeon slave come + +03:56.640 --> 04:00.020 +to my service Yes, my master, yes. I'll + +04:00.020 --> 04:01.820 +fall in love with a woman. Fall in love + +04:01.820 --> 04:04.480 +with my master. Fall in love. Who falls in + +04:04.480 --> 04:06.140 +love with a woman forgets his griefs and + +04:06.140 --> 04:08.660 +sorrows. No slave. I won't fall in love + +04:08.660 --> 04:11.580 +with a woman. Don't love, my master. Don't + +04:11.580 --> 04:14.360 +love. Woman is a snare, a trap, a dark + +04:14.360 --> 04:16.740 +pit. Woman is a sharp steel blade slitting + +04:16.740 --> 04:19.620 +man's throat in darkness. Slave, come to + +04:19.620 --> 04:22.840 +my service. Yes, my master, yes. Quick + +04:22.840 --> 04:25.900 +fetch water to wash my hands. I am to make + +04:25.900 --> 04:28.000 +an offering to my God. Make an offering. + +04:28.320 --> 04:30.480 +Make an offering. Who makes offering to + +04:30.480 --> 04:32.860 +his God fills his heart with riches. He + +04:32.860 --> 04:35.800 +feels generous and his purse is open. No + +04:35.800 --> 04:38.500 +slave. I won't make an offering. Rightly + +04:38.500 --> 04:41.140 +so, my master. Rightly so. Can you really + +04:41.140 --> 04:42.680 +train your God to follow you like a + +04:42.680 --> 04:45.240 +doggie? All the time he demands obedience, + +04:45.500 --> 04:48.900 +retail, sacrifices. Slave, come to my + +04:48.900 --> 04:51.720 +service. Yes, my master, yes. I will + +04:51.720 --> 04:53.880 +invest with interest. I will loan for the + +04:53.880 --> 04:56.180 +interest. Yes, invest with interest, make + +04:56.180 --> 04:57.920 +loans for the interest. Who does, + +04:58.060 --> 04:59.880 +preserves his own, his profit though is + +04:59.880 --> 05:02.760 +enormous, is enormous. No slave, I won't + +05:02.760 --> 05:05.000 +lend and I won't invest. Don't invest, my + +05:05.000 --> 05:07.840 +master, don't lend. To lend is like loving + +05:07.840 --> 05:09.720 +a woman, to receive like siring but + +05:09.720 --> 05:12.040 +children. People always curse those whose + +05:12.040 --> 05:15.320 +grain they eat. They resent you and try to + +05:15.320 --> 05:17.800 +reduce your profit. Slave, come to my + +05:17.800 --> 05:21.700 +service. Yes, my master, yes. I shall do a + +05:21.700 --> 05:23.540 +good deed for my nation. Very good, my + +05:23.540 --> 05:25.780 +master, very good. You do that. Who does + +05:25.780 --> 05:27.640 +good deeds for his nation has his name in + +05:27.640 --> 05:31.400 +Marduk's gold signet. No slave. I won't do + +05:31.400 --> 05:33.480 +a good deed for my nation. Don't do that, + +05:33.500 --> 05:36.300 +my master. Don't bother. Get up and stroll + +05:36.300 --> 05:38.960 +across ancient ruins. scant the skulls of + +05:38.960 --> 05:41.380 +simple folk and nobles. Which one of them + +05:41.380 --> 05:43.600 +was a villain? Which one? A benefactor? + +05:44.200 --> 05:46.860 +Slave, come to my service. Yes, my master, + +05:46.920 --> 05:51.580 +yes. If all this is so, then what is good? + +05:52.520 --> 05:55.940 +To have your neck broken and my neck + +05:55.940 --> 05:58.640 +broken, to be thrown into a river, that's + +05:58.640 --> 06:01.140 +what is good. Who is so tall as to reach + +06:01.140 --> 06:03.760 +the heavens? Who is so broad as to embrace + +06:03.760 --> 06:06.120 +plains and mountains? mountains. If that's + +06:06.120 --> 06:08.260 +so, I should kill your slave. I'd rather + +06:08.260 --> 06:11.120 +you go before me. And does my master + +06:11.120 --> 06:13.060 +believe that he can survive for three days + +06:13.060 --> 06:15.780 +without me?" + +06:26.220 --> 06:27.980 +Well, and just one more poem. + +06:36.660 --> 06:38.700 +Well, why don't I do this? + +06:46.100 --> 06:48.540 +The title of this poem is New Life. + +06:52.820 --> 06:55.360 +And reading it constitutes a world + +06:55.360 --> 06:56.620 +premiere for this poem. + +07:01.940 --> 07:05.480 +I'll try to go as slowly as possible about + +07:05.480 --> 07:09.380 +the lines. New life. + +07:13.500 --> 07:17.620 +Imagine that war is over, that peace has + +07:17.620 --> 07:21.540 +resumed its reign, that you can still make + +07:21.540 --> 07:24.840 +a mirror, that it's a cuckoo or a magpie + +07:24.840 --> 07:28.020 +and not the junkers that chirps in the + +07:28.020 --> 07:30.860 +twigs again. That the window frames not + +07:30.860 --> 07:32.800 +the town's rubble but its rococo palms, + +07:33.040 --> 07:36.020 +magnolias, pine trees, tenacious ivy, + +07:36.020 --> 07:39.260 +grass, laurel. That the cast iron lace the + +07:39.260 --> 07:42.020 +moon used to shepherd clouds in endured in + +07:42.020 --> 07:45.200 +the end the onslaught of mimosa plus burst + +07:45.200 --> 07:47.880 +of agave. That life must start from the + +07:47.880 --> 07:51.140 +very threshold. People exit their rooms + +07:51.140 --> 07:54.340 +whose chairs like letters B or else H, + +07:54.700 --> 07:58.240 +shield them from vertigo on occasion. They + +07:58.240 --> 07:59.980 +have used to nobody save themselves + +07:59.980 --> 08:02.620 +pavement flagstones, the rules of + +08:02.620 --> 08:05.160 +multiplication. Thus the impact of + +08:05.160 --> 08:07.320 +statues, of the empty niches more + +08:07.320 --> 08:10.560 +accurately. Well, failing sanctity one + +08:10.560 --> 08:13.520 +still can use is by word. Imagine that + +08:13.520 --> 08:16.660 +this is all true. Imagine you speak of + +08:16.660 --> 08:18.860 +yourself while speaking of them of + +08:18.860 --> 08:21.860 +anything extra, side word. Life Life + +08:21.860 --> 08:24.460 +starts in you indeed like this, with a + +08:24.460 --> 08:27.580 +painted view of a volcanic eruption, of a + +08:27.580 --> 08:30.520 +dinghy high wave's billiger, with that + +08:30.520 --> 08:32.140 +attendant feeling it's only you who + +08:32.140 --> 08:34.500 +surveyed the disaster, with the feeling + +08:34.500 --> 08:36.280 +that you are eager to shift your gaze any + +08:36.280 --> 08:39.260 +moment, catch sight of a couch, a blast of + +08:39.260 --> 08:42.240 +peonies in Chinese ways, sallow against + +08:42.240 --> 08:45.900 +the plaster. They garish colors, they + +08:45.900 --> 08:48.300 +wilting mouths, must be in their turn + +08:48.300 --> 08:51.320 +harbingers of a disaster. Each thing is + +08:51.320 --> 08:53.820 +vulnerable. The very thought about the + +08:53.820 --> 08:55.860 +thing gets quickly forgotten. Things are + +08:55.860 --> 08:59.200 +in truth the leeches of thought. Hence + +08:59.200 --> 09:01.720 +their shapes. Each one is a brain cut out. + +09:02.180 --> 09:05.500 +The attachment to place. The Penelope + +09:05.500 --> 09:07.980 +features that is taste for the future. At + +09:07.980 --> 09:11.160 +sunrise a rooster is heard. Stepping out + +09:11.160 --> 09:13.200 +of the tub, wrapped in the bed sheets, + +09:13.320 --> 09:15.860 +leaning in a hotel. In the new life you + +09:15.860 --> 09:18.140 +learn the the herd of four-legged + +09:18.140 --> 09:20.500 +furniture, mahogany, and cast iron. + +09:20.920 --> 09:24.320 +Imagine that epics shrink into idylls, + +09:24.320 --> 09:27.060 +that words about the converse of flames, + +09:27.160 --> 09:30.620 +long tongues, of that raging sermon which + +09:30.620 --> 09:32.680 +used to devour your betters greedily like + +09:32.680 --> 09:36.280 +dry wood, that flame found it difficult to + +09:36.280 --> 09:38.280 +determine your worth, not to mention + +09:38.280 --> 09:40.820 +warmth. That's why you've survived intact. + +09:41.600 --> 09:44.040 +That's why you can stomach apathy. That's + +09:44.040 --> 09:46.060 +why you feel fit to mingle with Pomona, + +09:46.060 --> 09:48.440 +Vertumni, Ceres, this place is packed + +09:48.440 --> 09:51.020 +with. That's why on your lips is this + +09:51.020 --> 09:54.100 +shepherd's jingle. For how long can one + +09:54.100 --> 09:57.900 +justify oneself? However you hide the ace, + +09:58.120 --> 10:01.060 +the table gets hit with jacks of some old + +10:01.060 --> 10:05.000 +suit or tailor. Imagine the more sincere + +10:05.000 --> 10:07.740 +the voice, the less it retains the trace + +10:07.740 --> 10:10.500 +of love for no matter what, of anger, of + +10:10.500 --> 10:13.540 +tears, of terror. Imagine your wireless + +10:13.540 --> 10:17.300 +catching at times your old anthems hum. + +10:17.900 --> 10:20.480 +Imagine that here too each letter is + +10:20.480 --> 10:23.240 +trailed by a weaning retinue of its likes, + +10:23.440 --> 10:26.300 +forming blindly now Betsy, now Ibrahim, + +10:26.500 --> 10:28.920 +dragging the pen past the limits of + +10:28.920 --> 10:31.860 +alphabet and meaning. Twilight in the the + +10:31.860 --> 10:37.060 +new life, cicadas that don't relent, a + +10:37.060 --> 10:40.080 +classicist perspective that lacks a tank + +10:40.080 --> 10:43.080 +or burying that dank fog patches to + +10:43.080 --> 10:46.200 +obfuscate its end, a bare parquet floor + +10:46.200 --> 10:49.700 +that never sustained a tango. In the new + +10:49.700 --> 10:52.060 +life they don't beg the moment, stay, + +10:52.420 --> 10:55.000 +brought to a standstill, it quickly + +10:55.000 --> 10:57.980 +succumbs to dotage, and your features on + +10:57.980 --> 11:00.040 +top of that are glazed enough anyway to + +11:00.040 --> 11:03.120 +scratch on their mat side high and attach + +11:03.120 --> 11:07.080 +the postage. The white stuccoed walls of a + +11:07.080 --> 11:11.760 +room are turning more white because of a + +11:11.760 --> 11:14.880 +glance shot in their direction and boding + +11:14.880 --> 11:17.540 +censure, steep not so much in great + +11:17.540 --> 11:20.320 +meadows' morose repose as in the + +11:20.320 --> 11:22.380 +spectrum's lack of their self-negating + +11:22.380 --> 11:25.180 +tincture. A thing can be pardoned plenty, + +11:25.560 --> 11:28.480 +especially when it comes, zones, where it + +11:28.480 --> 11:31.560 +reaches its end, ultimately one's unbound + +11:31.560 --> 11:34.740 +curiosity about these empty zones, about + +11:34.740 --> 11:37.860 +this objectless vista is what art seems to + +11:37.860 --> 11:40.920 +be all about. In the new life, a cloud is + +11:40.920 --> 11:44.500 +better than the bright sun. The rain, akin + +11:44.500 --> 11:47.500 +to self-knowledge, appears perpetual. On + +11:47.500 --> 11:50.140 +the other hand, an unexpected train you + +11:50.140 --> 11:51.840 +don't wait for alone on the platform + +11:51.840 --> 11:55.340 +arrives on schedule. A sail is passing its + +11:55.340 --> 11:59.140 +judgment on the horizon's lie. The eye + +11:59.140 --> 12:00.980 +tracks the sleeping self, though it's the + +12:00.980 --> 12:04.280 +foam that's famous. And should anyone ask + +12:04.280 --> 12:08.260 +you, who are you? You reply, who? I? I am + +12:08.260 --> 12:10.960 +nobody, as Ulysses once muttered to + +12:10.960 --> 12:11.560 +Polyphemus. + +12:30.780 --> 12:33.740 +That's an old poem. Okay, I'll do that. + +12:41.640 --> 12:43.900 +I was asked to read you one more poem. + +12:44.980 --> 12:47.060 +It's an old poem indeed, and if I can find + +12:47.060 --> 12:48.080 +it, I'll read it to you. + +12:56.500 --> 12:58.820 +Well, let me see. Maybe I should look at + +12:58.820 --> 12:59.540 +the table of comments. + +13:17.060 --> 13:19.620 +Charles Junkerman from Humanity Center + +13:19.620 --> 13:22.280 +asked me to read this poem and I can't + +13:22.280 --> 13:25.080 +deny my host. + +13:29.620 --> 13:31.980 +The title of this poem is, it's an old + +13:31.980 --> 13:35.880 +poem, it's about 20 years ago, it's called + +13:35.880 --> 13:37.100 +Odysseus to Telemachus. + +13:41.400 --> 13:45.260 +My dear Telemachus, the Trojan War is over + +13:45.260 --> 13:48.760 +now. I don't recall who won it, the Greeks + +13:48.760 --> 13:51.680 +no doubt, for only they would leave so + +13:51.680 --> 13:53.940 +many dead so far from their own homeland. + +13:54.440 --> 13:58.300 +But still, my homeward way has proved too + +13:58.300 --> 14:00.940 +long. While we were wasting time there, + +14:01.120 --> 14:03.840 +old Poseidon, it almost seems, stretched + +14:03.840 --> 14:07.640 +an extended space. I don't know where I am + +14:07.640 --> 14:10.740 +or what this place can be. It would appear + +14:10.740 --> 14:13.300 +some filthy island with bushes, buildings + +14:13.300 --> 14:15.600 +and great grunting hunting pigs, a garden + +14:15.600 --> 14:18.300 +choked with weeds, some queen or other, + +14:18.440 --> 14:22.540 +grass and huge stones. Telemachus, my son, + +14:23.360 --> 14:25.340 +to wander the faces of all islands + +14:25.340 --> 14:28.540 +resemble one another and the mind trips + +14:28.540 --> 14:31.780 +numbering waves, eyes soar from sea + +14:31.780 --> 14:34.680 +horizons, run and the flesh of water + +14:34.680 --> 14:38.280 +stuffs the ears. I can't remember how the + +14:38.280 --> 14:41.480 +war came out, even how old you are, I + +14:41.480 --> 14:44.120 +can't remember. Remember, grow up then, my + +14:44.120 --> 14:47.560 +Telemachus, grow strong. Only the gods + +14:47.560 --> 14:49.840 +know if we'll see each other again. You've + +14:49.840 --> 14:52.280 +long since ceased to be that babe before + +14:52.280 --> 14:55.100 +whom I reined in the plowing bullocks. Had + +14:55.100 --> 14:58.960 +it not been for Palamedes' trick, we two + +14:58.960 --> 15:01.000 +would still be living in one household. + +15:01.600 --> 15:05.400 +But maybe he was right. Away from me. You + +15:05.400 --> 15:07.680 +are quite safe from all Oedipal passions. + +15:08.160 --> 15:10.960 +And your dreams, my Telemachus, are + +15:10.960 --> 15:11.480 +blameless. + +15:25.880 --> 15:28.760 +Okay, I read this poem in Russian. + +15:34.180 --> 15:41.340 +odyssey telemark my telemark Trojan war is + +15:41.340 --> 15:46.240 +over who won I don't remember there must + +15:46.240 --> 15:49.540 +be Greeks so many dead people can't be + +15:49.540 --> 15:53.880 +thrown away only Greeks can and still the + +15:53.880 --> 15:57.600 +host home the road The road seemed too + +15:57.600 --> 16:01.200 +long, like Poseidon While we were there, + +16:01.400 --> 16:05.780 +we lost time, stretched the space I don't + +16:05.780 --> 16:09.120 +know where I am, what's in front of me + +16:09.120 --> 16:12.840 +Some dirty island, bushes, buildings, + +16:13.400 --> 16:16.980 +growling of pigs A overgrown garden, some + +16:16.980 --> 16:20.980 +kind of queen, grass to the stones A cute + +16:20.980 --> 16:23.940 +telemark, all the islands look like each + +16:23.940 --> 16:27.380 +other foreign When you wander so long, and + +16:27.380 --> 16:29.860 +your brain is already beating, counting + +16:29.860 --> 16:32.840 +the waves, Your eyes are covered with a + +16:32.840 --> 16:36.220 +horizon, crying, and the water's flesh is + +16:36.220 --> 16:38.840 +covered with a sound. I don't remember how + +16:38.840 --> 16:42.940 +the war ended, and how old you are now, I + +16:42.940 --> 16:46.820 +don't remember. Grow up, my big telemark, + +16:46.940 --> 16:50.780 +grow up! Only the gods know if we will + +16:50.780 --> 16:51.360 +meet again. + +17:17.860 --> 17:20.660 +Thank you. + +17:37.620 --> 17:38.620 +Thank you very much. + +17:52.740 --> 17:55.720 +Thank you very much. You appear to be very + +17:55.720 --> 18:00.580 +patient people. Thank you. Thank you. + +19:07.540 --> 19:10.340 +Thank you. + +19:33.400 --> 19:36.200 +Thank you. + +20:03.560 --> 20:03.980 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/vr271pc9432.json b/docs/baseline/vr271pc9432.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8f3a03c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/vr271pc9432.json @@ -0,0 +1,490 @@ +{ + "cocinaVersion": "0.99.3", + "type": "https://cocina.sul.stanford.edu/models/media", + "externalIdentifier": "druid:vr271pc9432", + "label": "brodsky readings (mostly english, some russian)", + "version": 8, + "access": { + "view": "world", + "download": "world", + "controlledDigitalLending": false + }, + "administrative": { + "hasAdminPolicy": "druid:pp818dw4992" + }, + "description": { + "title": [ + { + "structuredValue": [], + "parallelValue": [], + "groupedValue": [], + "value": "brodsky readings (mostly english, some russian)", + "identifier": [], + "note": [], + "appliesTo": [] + } + ], + "contributor": [], + "event": [], + "form": [], + "geographic": [], + 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Welcome to CS547. I've just got + +00:21.580 --> 00:25.200 +a few words of administrative stuff. The + +00:25.200 --> 00:27.320 +official sign-in list is right here. It + +00:27.320 --> 00:28.700 +should have everyone's name on it who was + +00:28.700 --> 00:30.680 +here last time. Just give your signature + +00:30.680 --> 00:32.820 +next to it, and that should be enough. If + +00:32.820 --> 00:34.340 +you're not on the list, just put your name + +00:34.340 --> 00:35.980 +at the end. And we've also had some + +00:35.980 --> 00:39.160 +problems in the past with the list sort of + +00:39.160 --> 00:41.060 +being stuck over here. So if you're + +00:41.060 --> 00:42.320 +holding the list over here and it's not + +00:42.320 --> 00:43.960 +going anywhere, make sure it gets over + +00:43.960 --> 00:46.040 +there because that seems to be a perpetual + +00:46.040 --> 00:50.020 +problem. And subbing for today is Karen + +00:50.020 --> 00:51.180 +Butler, and she's going to give an + +00:51.180 --> 00:55.480 +introduction. Yes, I'm substituting for + +00:55.480 --> 00:58.100 +Professor Winograd today. and I just + +00:58.100 --> 01:00.680 +wanted to briefly introduce our speaker + +01:00.680 --> 01:06.120 +for today. Lucy Suchman was one of the + +01:06.120 --> 01:08.520 +first to apply anthropology to the whole + +01:08.520 --> 01:12.600 +area of human-computer interaction. She is + +01:12.600 --> 01:15.300 +the author of Plans and Situated Actions, + +01:15.360 --> 01:16.880 +which came out of her dissertation work. + +01:16.880 --> 01:20.500 +and she has been working at Xerox PARC for + +01:20.500 --> 01:25.660 +several years where she's head of the is + +01:25.660 --> 01:29.220 +it product work practices area and where + +01:29.220 --> 01:31.080 +she's really an expert in work patterns + +01:31.080 --> 01:32.620 +and applying this whole area so she's + +01:32.620 --> 01:34.260 +going to be speaking us to us today about + +01:34.260 --> 01:37.760 +some of her work in this area thank you + +01:46.880 --> 01:47.000 +OK. + +01:59.220 --> 02:01.880 +Oh, it's the left-right problem, I see. + +02:05.300 --> 02:09.340 +I have to reverse the little clip. + +02:21.640 --> 02:25.480 +Okay, is that as it's supposed to be as + +02:25.480 --> 02:30.400 +far as you can tell? Okay, my talk today + +02:30.400 --> 02:33.860 +is, the title is Putting Working Document + +02:33.860 --> 02:36.440 +Collections Online, and I'm going to use a + +02:36.440 --> 02:38.780 +current project that I'm involved with as + +02:38.780 --> 02:42.280 +a kind of illustration of the work that I + +02:42.280 --> 02:44.820 +and my colleagues at Xerox PARC have been + +02:44.820 --> 02:47.620 +doing, and this is very much a joint + +02:47.620 --> 02:50.420 +project with my colleagues Jeanette + +02:50.420 --> 02:52.520 +Blomberg, who's also an anthropologist, + +02:53.180 --> 02:55.500 +Randy Trigg, who's a computer scientist, + +02:55.720 --> 02:57.020 +and David Levy, who's a computer + +02:57.020 --> 02:59.400 +scientist. So this is a thoroughly + +02:59.400 --> 03:02.500 +collaborative effort that I'm presenting + +03:02.500 --> 03:06.180 +to you today. And as you'll see, the title + +03:06.180 --> 03:08.120 +is Putting Working Document Collections + +03:08.120 --> 03:11.040 +Online. That's sort of the more general + +03:11.040 --> 03:13.240 +project, and then the more specific + +03:13.240 --> 03:14.680 +instance of it that I'm going to be + +03:14.680 --> 03:17.000 +talking about is located in a particular + +03:17.000 --> 03:20.020 +organization, namely our beloved State + +03:20.020 --> 03:22.380 +Department of Transportation, Caltrans. + +03:23.560 --> 03:27.200 +And you'll hear a lot more about that as I + +03:27.200 --> 03:32.760 +go along. I wanted to start out by showing + +03:32.760 --> 03:36.940 +you one model of the problem of current + +03:36.940 --> 03:39.720 +design practice and how to address it. And + +03:39.720 --> 03:42.660 +I'm showing you this because this is not + +03:42.660 --> 03:46.600 +our model. And I'll let you digest it + +03:46.600 --> 03:46.800 +here. + +03:53.120 --> 03:56.440 +So this wonderful cartoon, which I like + +03:56.440 --> 03:59.860 +very much, posits a particular view of + +03:59.860 --> 04:02.540 +what the problem might be with existing + +04:02.540 --> 04:04.460 +design practice and how it might be + +04:04.460 --> 04:07.720 +corrected. And we're interested in viewing + +04:07.720 --> 04:11.040 +both sides of this in a very different + +04:11.040 --> 04:14.280 +way. You know, we see this not as a + +04:14.280 --> 04:16.980 +behavioral problem of individual + +04:16.980 --> 04:19.800 +designers, but as a very complex and + +04:19.800 --> 04:23.520 +multifaceted problem that really includes + +04:23.520 --> 04:26.660 +how design as a practice is currently + +04:26.660 --> 04:32.600 +located within what I think are two self + +04:32.600 --> 04:35.380 +-contained sort of insular environments + +04:35.380 --> 04:37.540 +environments and sort of overly + +04:37.540 --> 04:39.400 +professionalized world so that even + +04:39.400 --> 04:42.080 +designers, practicing designers who would + +04:42.080 --> 04:44.340 +really like to do things in a different + +04:44.340 --> 04:46.720 +way find it quite difficult to do that. + +04:46.880 --> 04:49.080 +And it shifts from being a kind of a + +04:49.080 --> 04:51.340 +psychological problem to being a social + +04:51.340 --> 04:55.180 +problem and one that implicates I think a + +04:55.180 --> 04:57.840 +fairly broad range of forms of social + +04:57.840 --> 04:59.960 +change if we really want want to address + +04:59.960 --> 05:02.940 +it that have to do with how the working + +05:02.940 --> 05:05.820 +relationships of technology production and + +05:05.820 --> 05:08.700 +use are currently organized. I'm not going + +05:08.700 --> 05:11.400 +to elaborate on that today, but that's + +05:11.400 --> 05:14.860 +kind of a framing for how we're looking at + +05:14.860 --> 05:18.160 +the question of design practice and + +05:18.160 --> 05:23.420 +potential changes and improvements to it. + +05:25.000 --> 05:28.980 +And let me give you, just to continue the + +05:28.980 --> 05:31.740 +prelude here a little bit longer, another + +05:31.740 --> 05:34.720 +kind of motivating view of our motivating + +05:34.720 --> 05:38.620 +problem. Any of you who have heard me talk + +05:38.620 --> 05:40.280 +before have probably seen this slide + +05:40.280 --> 05:42.600 +because I'm very fond of it. I apologize + +05:42.600 --> 05:46.300 +for any repetition. But it's an image + +05:46.300 --> 05:49.980 +that's taken from an ad in a computing + +05:49.980 --> 05:53.260 +magazine a few years back. and the + +05:53.260 --> 05:56.520 +question that it asks is why do this at + +05:56.520 --> 05:58.280 +the top you have the sort of proverbial + +05:58.280 --> 06:00.560 +paper napkin on which brilliant ideas have + +06:00.560 --> 06:02.580 +been scribbled over the course of a lunch + +06:02.580 --> 06:05.280 +and so the question is why do this use a + +06:05.280 --> 06:07.680 +paper napkin when you can do this and it's + +06:07.680 --> 06:09.560 +a little hard to see but we've got these + +06:09.560 --> 06:11.980 +two guys sitting at a very small table and + +06:11.980 --> 06:14.700 +they have a laptop in between them and of + +06:14.700 --> 06:16.220 +course it's not clear you know where they + +06:16.220 --> 06:18.300 +would put their lunch or their napkins or + +06:18.300 --> 06:20.200 +whatever but you know it's a little bit of + +06:20.200 --> 06:23.940 +poetic or artistic license here. And the + +06:23.940 --> 06:26.880 +project that we've taken on, I think of it + +06:26.880 --> 06:29.120 +as taking this as a serious question. So + +06:29.120 --> 06:31.280 +rather than treating it as a kind of + +06:31.280 --> 06:33.100 +rhetorical question, as I think the + +06:33.100 --> 06:34.860 +writers of this ad copy do, you know, the + +06:34.860 --> 06:36.700 +answer to this question is self-evident, + +06:36.780 --> 06:39.080 +we're saying, well, you know, what might + +06:39.080 --> 06:41.480 +be the reasons that you would do this + +06:41.480 --> 06:44.920 +given the opportunity to do that? And that + +06:44.920 --> 06:49.460 +starts by taking existing artifacts + +06:49.460 --> 06:53.320 +seriously. Paper napkins as, you know, for + +06:53.320 --> 06:56.420 +us an extremely relevant artifact in so + +06:56.420 --> 06:58.040 +far as, in this case, it's been turned + +06:58.040 --> 07:00.400 +into a document. And that's what we're + +07:00.400 --> 07:02.920 +interested in at Xerox. But so let's start + +07:02.920 --> 07:05.640 +by seeing what are the media that people + +07:05.640 --> 07:07.540 +are using at present. And what are the + +07:07.540 --> 07:09.300 +particular resources that those media + +07:09.300 --> 07:12.100 +provide? and have that as a background + +07:12.100 --> 07:14.580 +that informs the answer to the question, + +07:14.820 --> 07:18.140 +how is the introduction of new media, how + +07:18.140 --> 07:19.780 +does the introduction of new media relate + +07:19.780 --> 07:23.360 +to the use of existing media? So we want + +07:23.360 --> 07:25.320 +to take it as a serious question. We also + +07:25.320 --> 07:29.280 +want to, again, I think that this image + +07:29.280 --> 07:32.340 +assumes that we're in a situation where + +07:32.340 --> 07:34.540 +we're going from one medium to the next. + +07:34.660 --> 07:36.000 +So it's going to be a wholesale + +07:36.000 --> 07:39.220 +displacement transformation. this is the + +07:39.220 --> 07:43.020 +paperless office sort of fantasy. And + +07:43.020 --> 07:47.680 +instead, we're going to assume that we are + +07:47.680 --> 07:49.640 +now and will continue to be living in a + +07:49.640 --> 07:54.140 +world made up of multiple media. That for + +07:54.140 --> 07:57.760 +a lot of both practical reasons, paper is + +07:57.760 --> 07:59.600 +going to be staying around. It's just + +07:59.600 --> 08:01.800 +tremendously, there's a very, very + +08:01.800 --> 08:05.000 +extensive investment in paper media that + +08:05.000 --> 08:07.140 +can't be transformed overnight. night and + +08:07.140 --> 08:11.200 +also of course as people like my + +08:11.200 --> 08:13.680 +colleagues Abby Sellin and Richard Harper + +08:13.680 --> 08:16.520 +at the Cambridge lab of Xerox have pointed + +08:16.520 --> 08:19.460 +out paper has certain affordances that are + +08:19.460 --> 08:22.700 +that are quite powerful and effective so + +08:22.700 --> 08:24.960 +for both practical reasons and because + +08:24.960 --> 08:29.120 +paper is a useful medium we are going to + +08:29.120 --> 08:30.720 +continue to live in a world that's made up + +08:30.720 --> 08:35.320 +of multiple media and the sense I have is + +08:35.320 --> 08:37.600 +that you know we might just be becoming + +08:37.600 --> 08:39.940 +sophisticated enough technologically that + +08:39.940 --> 08:44.040 +we can actually design for a world that + +08:44.040 --> 08:46.140 +includes both paper and digital media and + +08:46.140 --> 08:49.040 +that involves of course making it much + +08:49.040 --> 08:52.420 +easier for people to move between those + +08:52.420 --> 08:54.700 +media so that's the goal is supporting + +08:54.700 --> 08:56.960 +multiple media and and relations between + +08:56.960 --> 08:59.080 +them rather than you know transforming + +08:59.080 --> 09:03.500 +ourselves from paper to digital. And then + +09:03.500 --> 09:06.580 +finally the kind of reworking that we want + +09:06.580 --> 09:10.680 +to do of this image is rather than taking + +09:10.680 --> 09:13.100 +the artifacts, the technologies that we're + +09:13.100 --> 09:15.760 +interested in as these objects floating in + +09:15.760 --> 09:18.640 +white space as they are so nicely here, we + +09:18.640 --> 09:21.620 +want to locate them in the environments + +09:21.620 --> 09:23.060 +where they're actually going to be used. + +09:23.060 --> 09:26.600 +And that means going out into work sites + +09:26.600 --> 09:28.560 +and seeing how it is that people are + +09:28.560 --> 09:31.780 +actually using the artifacts and the + +09:31.780 --> 09:33.960 +technologies that we're interested in in + +09:33.960 --> 09:35.560 +the course of their everyday activities. + +09:37.700 --> 09:40.660 +Okay, so with that kind of background, + +09:41.180 --> 09:43.900 +what I'm going to try to do in the time + +09:43.900 --> 09:46.400 +that remains is first a little bit of an + +09:46.400 --> 09:49.000 +introduction, again, to give you a sense + +09:49.000 --> 09:51.920 +of a couple of general aspects of the + +09:51.920 --> 09:53.660 +approach that we're taking. The first, + +09:53.800 --> 09:56.040 +what we're calling case-based prototyping, + +09:56.100 --> 09:58.400 +which I'll explain, and then this idea of + +09:58.400 --> 10:01.220 +working document collections. And then + +10:01.220 --> 10:04.020 +having sort of talked briefly about those + +10:04.020 --> 10:06.620 +two general ideas, move into the specific + +10:06.620 --> 10:08.300 +project that we're involved with at + +10:08.300 --> 10:10.800 +Caltrans, and in particular our work with + +10:10.800 --> 10:12.680 +their project files, and then the + +10:12.680 --> 10:16.520 +prototype that we've developed to address + +10:16.520 --> 10:21.400 +the problems that we've found. Okay, so + +10:21.400 --> 10:24.540 +first of all case-based prototypes. This + +10:24.540 --> 10:28.960 +is another kind of framing image for the + +10:28.960 --> 10:32.060 +work that we're doing, which is focused on + +10:32.060 --> 10:36.120 +this idea of the project of design being + +10:36.120 --> 10:38.940 +artful integration. that increasingly + +10:38.940 --> 10:43.260 +design is as much if not more about + +10:43.260 --> 10:47.460 +embedding artifacts and technologies new + +10:47.460 --> 10:50.860 +in new ways into existing environments as + +10:50.860 --> 10:53.980 +it is about inventing things completely de + +10:53.980 --> 10:56.720 +novo so and the things that we're trying + +10:56.720 --> 11:01.580 +to integrate are both to integrate the + +11:01.580 --> 11:03.860 +technology both with the activities that + +11:03.860 --> 11:05.220 +people are engaged in with their work + +11:05.220 --> 11:07.120 +practices and with the rest of their + +11:07.120 --> 11:09.560 +technology environment. And a sort of + +11:09.560 --> 11:12.940 +center for that for us is what we're + +11:12.940 --> 11:14.820 +calling case-based prototypes. Case-based + +11:14.820 --> 11:18.040 +because these are prototypes that actually + +11:18.040 --> 11:22.220 +incorporate real work, some understanding + +11:22.220 --> 11:24.460 +of real work practices and work materials + +11:24.460 --> 11:27.080 +into them in contrast to some of the + +11:27.080 --> 11:29.880 +demonstration prototypes that we have + +11:29.880 --> 11:32.160 +around that take some kind of a generic + +11:32.160 --> 11:35.180 +corpus of materials and try to show what + +11:35.180 --> 11:37.460 +it would be like to work with the system. + +11:37.700 --> 11:40.400 +And our experience is that when people are + +11:40.400 --> 11:42.360 +assessing a prototype that actually has + +11:42.360 --> 11:45.160 +their documents in it, their work + +11:45.160 --> 11:48.280 +materials, they have a base for doing that + +11:48.280 --> 11:50.980 +assessment that's much, much richer than + +11:50.980 --> 11:54.360 +if they're looking at the Encyclopedia + +11:54.360 --> 11:56.460 +Britannica or something that we all kind + +11:56.460 --> 11:58.260 +of recognize but none of us is actively + +11:58.260 --> 12:00.840 +engaged with. So it strengthens the + +12:00.840 --> 12:02.560 +grounds on which people can assess the + +12:02.560 --> 12:06.300 +prototype. And then the other piece of + +12:06.300 --> 12:07.900 +integration that we're trying to do in our + +12:07.900 --> 12:11.420 +prototypes is to bring together the work + +12:11.420 --> 12:13.580 +that people are doing with both emerging + +12:13.580 --> 12:15.760 +park technologies and existing Xerox + +12:15.760 --> 12:16.920 +technologies. So we're trying to + +12:16.920 --> 12:19.360 +configure, sort of craft together an + +12:19.360 --> 12:21.320 +interesting relationship between those + +12:21.320 --> 12:23.280 +things, and the prototype is the + +12:23.280 --> 12:25.900 +manifestation, the demonstration of that. + +12:25.900 --> 12:29.080 +And the particular focus for us has been + +12:29.080 --> 12:30.860 +this relationship between paper and + +12:30.860 --> 12:34.260 +digital media, both the kinds of + +12:34.260 --> 12:36.060 +translations that we have to enable + +12:36.060 --> 12:39.280 +between the two and also the kind of + +12:39.280 --> 12:41.260 +cohabitations that we want them to be able + +12:41.260 --> 12:43.240 +to do. What does it mean to live in a + +12:43.240 --> 12:46.360 +world where some of your documents are on + +12:46.360 --> 12:48.220 +paper, some are online, they're shifting + +12:48.220 --> 12:50.400 +back and forth across that border? How do + +12:50.400 --> 12:55.160 +you maintain the coherence across media in + +12:55.160 --> 12:59.260 +that kind of situation? And then given the + +12:59.260 --> 13:01.880 +general strategy of case-based + +13:01.880 --> 13:04.080 +prototyping, the focus that we've taken + +13:04.080 --> 13:07.360 +recently has been this idea of working + +13:07.360 --> 13:09.480 +document collections. And here's a sort of + +13:09.480 --> 13:13.660 +set of defining is probably too strong a + +13:13.660 --> 13:16.080 +term, but characterizing criteria for + +13:16.080 --> 13:18.780 +those. Basically, what we mean by working + +13:18.780 --> 13:21.040 +collections are the documents that are in + +13:21.040 --> 13:23.140 +between the documents that are on your + +13:23.140 --> 13:25.160 +desk at any given moment. Although for + +13:25.160 --> 13:26.720 +most of us, I think many of the documents + +13:26.720 --> 13:28.320 +on our desk should be in our working + +13:28.320 --> 13:30.760 +collection. But the idealized view is that + +13:30.760 --> 13:33.020 +you have this sort of three-part division. + +13:33.300 --> 13:34.760 +You've got your active documents on your + +13:34.760 --> 13:36.860 +desk. You've got documents that are often + +13:36.860 --> 13:39.860 +in archives somewhere, filed some distance + +13:39.860 --> 13:42.860 +from your office. And then you've got your + +13:42.860 --> 13:44.560 +working document collections, the + +13:44.560 --> 13:46.520 +canonical form of this is your file + +13:46.520 --> 13:51.040 +cabinets. And our premise is that many + +13:51.040 --> 13:53.700 +organizations have a tremendous investment + +13:54.100 --> 13:56.360 +in document collections that have this + +13:56.360 --> 13:59.300 +character, and that there's a large + +13:59.300 --> 14:03.080 +opportunity in finding ways to help people + +14:03.080 --> 14:05.500 +partly migrate those collections online, + +14:05.500 --> 14:08.440 +partly integrate those collections with + +14:08.440 --> 14:10.020 +their with their online document + +14:12.080 --> 14:14.140 +repositories the the documents that get + +14:14.140 --> 14:15.780 +into this these collections are + +14:15.780 --> 14:18.420 +selectively saved by people with the idea + +14:18.420 --> 14:20.560 +that they're going to be useful either as + +14:20.560 --> 14:23.020 +a reference or maybe actually to be reused + +14:23.020 --> 14:25.300 +in some way in the future and and very + +14:25.300 --> 14:28.420 +importantly you can it's very difficult to + +14:28.420 --> 14:30.060 +predict what the value of any given + +14:30.060 --> 14:31.620 +document is going to be in advance you + +14:31.620 --> 14:34.120 +couldn't go through most most file + +14:34.120 --> 14:35.680 +cabinets and definitely the collection + +14:35.680 --> 14:36.900 +that I'm going to be talking about at + +14:36.900 --> 14:39.220 +Caltrans and weight the documents + +14:39.220 --> 14:41.520 +according to their value because the value + +14:41.520 --> 14:43.660 +of the document is tied to its + +14:43.660 --> 14:45.300 +availability at the moment when it's + +14:45.300 --> 14:48.680 +needed. It becomes valuable in relation to + +14:48.680 --> 14:50.780 +some ongoing activity. So it's this + +14:50.780 --> 14:54.860 +contingent value that depends much more on + +14:54.860 --> 14:56.560 +the accessibility of the document in + +14:56.560 --> 14:58.500 +relation to the activity than on its + +14:58.500 --> 15:02.260 +intrinsic characteristics. The The + +15:02.260 --> 15:03.760 +documents in the collections that we're + +15:03.760 --> 15:05.800 +looking at are very diverse, both in + +15:05.800 --> 15:07.440 +quality, they include everything from + +15:07.440 --> 15:10.160 +documents that have been faxed three times + +15:10.160 --> 15:13.520 +and photocopied to very, very nice, + +15:13.580 --> 15:17.360 +cleanly printed ASCII documents, and also + +15:17.360 --> 15:19.960 +very variable in format, and I'll show you + +15:19.960 --> 15:22.040 +more of that. The thing that interests us + +15:22.040 --> 15:23.980 +about that is, again, a sense that when we + +15:23.980 --> 15:26.780 +look at the document repositories that are + +15:26.780 --> 15:29.900 +often used in research, they tend to be + +15:29.900 --> 15:32.780 +rather homogeneous. So people who are + +15:32.780 --> 15:35.920 +doing different aspects of document image + +15:35.920 --> 15:37.900 +and document recognition and document + +15:37.900 --> 15:40.040 +retrieval work are working with these sort + +15:40.040 --> 15:42.320 +of standard corpora. And when we look at + +15:42.320 --> 15:44.280 +these real world corpora, they have + +15:44.280 --> 15:46.800 +different characteristics that pose some + +15:46.800 --> 15:49.640 +interesting problems and challenges. + +15:50.820 --> 15:53.920 +Document research, document search through + +15:53.920 --> 15:55.960 +these collections relies very heavily on + +15:55.960 --> 15:57.460 +their visual characteristics. I mean this + +15:57.460 --> 15:59.520 +is just a simple observation that when you + +15:59.520 --> 16:02.900 +go to your paper file cabinet, you get a + +16:02.900 --> 16:04.740 +huge amount of information from being able + +16:04.740 --> 16:07.540 +to scan the visual organization of the + +16:07.540 --> 16:09.720 +folders, to open up a folder and scan + +16:09.720 --> 16:11.500 +through the documents that are in there. + +16:11.680 --> 16:14.380 +And so images, we have a very strong + +16:14.380 --> 16:15.900 +emphasis as you'll see on preserving + +16:15.900 --> 16:20.160 +document images. Shared access to the + +16:20.160 --> 16:22.300 +collection is facilitated by its creator. + +16:22.300 --> 16:24.180 +These are collections that generally, you + +16:24.180 --> 16:25.680 +know, they're owned by somebody and that + +16:25.680 --> 16:29.200 +person acts, to the extent that the + +16:29.200 --> 16:30.980 +collections are shared, that person acts + +16:30.980 --> 16:33.200 +effectively as a kind of librarian for the + +16:33.200 --> 16:34.400 +collection. And there are really + +16:34.400 --> 16:36.480 +interesting issues then if you're moving + +16:36.480 --> 16:38.980 +those collections online, giving people + +16:38.980 --> 16:41.580 +distributed access, what happens to the + +16:41.580 --> 16:44.820 +role of the owner or the collector of the + +16:44.820 --> 16:48.820 +corpus. And then finally, it's important + +16:48.820 --> 16:50.700 +that you can get to these things easily, + +16:50.700 --> 16:53.260 +because often these are documents that, as + +16:53.260 --> 16:54.780 +I said, you need them in the midst of an + +16:54.780 --> 16:56.960 +ongoing activity, and if you can't get a + +16:56.960 --> 16:58.020 +hold of them, you're going to work around + +16:58.020 --> 16:59.820 +it in some way. You're not going to send + +16:59.820 --> 17:01.760 +off and wait a couple of days to get them + +17:01.760 --> 17:04.000 +back. Yeah? Just for a point of + +17:04.000 --> 17:07.080 +clarification, so if we're talking about a + +17:07.080 --> 17:08.980 +facility design, during the actual design + +17:08.980 --> 17:10.880 +process, the documents will be active, + +17:11.360 --> 17:14.340 +whereas once the facility was complete and + +17:14.340 --> 17:16.820 +it goes to management phase, it would be a + +17:16.820 --> 17:18.800 +working collection? No, no. No, I mean, + +17:18.820 --> 17:20.260 +I'm glad you asked that question because + +17:20.260 --> 17:24.460 +it's very much not tied to across a + +17:24.460 --> 17:27.780 +project. Documents move from active to + +17:27.780 --> 17:31.220 +working status in a very dynamic way. I'm + +17:31.220 --> 17:33.500 +thinking more of when a document is on + +17:33.500 --> 17:35.260 +your desk and you're working with it, it's + +17:35.260 --> 17:36.640 +active, and when you stick it in your + +17:36.640 --> 17:37.920 +filing cabinet, it's in your working + +17:37.920 --> 17:39.560 +collection. And in the case that we're + +17:39.560 --> 17:41.400 +looking at, as you'll see, things are + +17:41.400 --> 17:43.280 +coming in and out of the collection all + +17:43.280 --> 17:48.140 +the time. So it's more dynamic than that. + +17:48.500 --> 17:52.400 +Okay, alright so where are we? We're + +17:52.400 --> 17:56.100 +actually spending most of our time in + +17:56.100 --> 17:59.500 +Oakland at Caltrans District 4 + +17:59.500 --> 18:01.100 +headquarters, which is the district that's + +18:01.100 --> 18:03.640 +responsible for the entire Bay area, + +18:03.920 --> 18:05.540 +basically all the roads and the toll + +18:05.540 --> 18:08.880 +bridges in the Bay area. And within the + +18:08.880 --> 18:13.140 +District 4 headquarters, we're working + +18:13.140 --> 18:16.680 +with a particular project team. And if + +18:16.680 --> 18:18.400 +people are interested, I mean there are a + +18:18.400 --> 18:20.660 +lot of practical things to be said about + +18:20.660 --> 18:23.020 +how we got into Caltrans, how once we got + +18:23.020 --> 18:25.080 +to Caltrans we sort of found our way to + +18:25.080 --> 18:27.360 +this particular project. Having to do + +18:27.360 --> 18:29.580 +with, again, the practicalities of sort of + +18:29.580 --> 18:32.020 +crafting a manageable and relevant + +18:32.020 --> 18:35.000 +project. But we are working with the team + +18:35.000 --> 18:37.320 +of engineers who are involved in doing a + +18:37.320 --> 18:38.920 +replacement bridge over the Carcuna + +18:38.920 --> 18:42.280 +Straits, which are in the north part of + +18:42.280 --> 18:45.020 +the San Francisco Bay. and these are, some + +18:45.020 --> 18:46.580 +of you have probably driven across these + +18:46.580 --> 18:49.880 +two bridges, they're a pair of old trestle + +18:49.880 --> 18:54.080 +bridges. This one on your right was built + +18:54.080 --> 18:56.800 +in 1927 and the other one was built in + +18:56.800 --> 19:00.580 +1958. And what's happened is while there's + +19:00.580 --> 19:03.000 +not any new bridge building going on in + +19:03.000 --> 19:06.880 +the Bay Area, there are funds for seismic + +19:06.880 --> 19:10.160 +retrofitting. And Caltrans has made the + +19:10.160 --> 19:12.840 +argument that they're going to retrofit + +19:12.840 --> 19:15.660 +the 58 bridge, but the 27 bridge is + +19:15.660 --> 19:18.340 +sufficiently old and out of date that it + +19:18.340 --> 19:20.580 +doesn't make sense to retrofit it. So they + +19:20.580 --> 19:22.900 +have proposed replacement as a retrofit + +19:22.900 --> 19:24.960 +strategy, which is a phrase I like very + +19:24.960 --> 19:26.940 +much. And that means that they can take + +19:26.940 --> 19:29.580 +funds that have been allocated for seismic + +19:29.580 --> 19:31.280 +retrofitting and use them to build a new + +19:31.280 --> 19:33.460 +bridge, which is what engineers most like + +19:33.460 --> 19:37.020 +to do. So they are actually going to take + +19:37.020 --> 19:39.520 +down the old 27 bridge and put up a new + +19:39.520 --> 19:41.620 +one. And that's the project that we've + +19:41.620 --> 19:42.960 +been following for the last couple of + +19:42.960 --> 19:46.140 +years through, up until now it's largely + +19:46.140 --> 19:48.680 +been what they call the design phase, the + +19:48.680 --> 19:50.880 +environmental phase, where they're going + +19:50.880 --> 19:52.120 +out and doing all of the environmental + +19:52.120 --> 19:54.460 +impact assessments and basically getting + +19:54.460 --> 19:56.080 +permission to go ahead with the project. + +19:56.160 --> 19:57.940 +And they're just now moving into the + +19:57.940 --> 20:02.500 +design phase. Now within, as fascinating + +20:02.500 --> 20:05.200 +as the bridge is, and we've spent a lot of + +20:05.200 --> 20:07.020 +time doing things like following them to + +20:07.020 --> 20:09.940 +town meetings in Crockett where they have + +20:09.940 --> 20:11.620 +talked to the local citizens about the + +20:11.620 --> 20:14.260 +project. For us as anthropologists this is + +20:14.260 --> 20:16.160 +an opportunity to do some very wonderful + +20:16.160 --> 20:19.220 +ethnography of how a bridge gets built and + +20:19.220 --> 20:22.520 +relations between engineers and citizens + +20:22.520 --> 20:25.240 +and that sort of thing. But for us in our + +20:25.240 --> 20:28.320 +capacity as park researchers doing a + +20:28.320 --> 20:31.700 +prototyping project, the focus has been on + +20:31.700 --> 20:34.080 +what are called the project files. And + +20:34.080 --> 20:36.820 +project files are collections that are + +20:36.820 --> 20:39.280 +maintained by every engineering team at + +20:39.280 --> 20:41.920 +Caltrans. It's an obligatory collection + +20:41.920 --> 20:45.340 +that you have to create that is basically + +20:45.340 --> 20:47.520 +a cumulative collection of relevant + +20:47.520 --> 20:50.160 +documents that are created and acquired + +20:50.160 --> 20:53.060 +over the course of a project. And as you + +20:53.060 --> 20:55.800 +can see they are currently kept on paper + +20:55.800 --> 21:00.900 +in three ring binders. And I'll tell you + +21:00.900 --> 21:02.860 +more about them but just to say that one + +21:02.860 --> 21:04.580 +of the things that, you know, when we were + +21:04.580 --> 21:07.300 +again sort of in terms of how a project + +21:07.300 --> 21:09.940 +like ours gets designed, when we were + +21:09.940 --> 21:11.900 +starting to talk with the project team + +21:11.900 --> 21:13.740 +about what they were up to and how we + +21:13.740 --> 21:15.700 +might do some interesting kind of + +21:15.700 --> 21:17.880 +collaboration together, together, we + +21:17.880 --> 21:19.600 +realized that the project files were + +21:19.600 --> 21:23.240 +another instance of what we're calling + +21:23.240 --> 21:24.800 +working document collection and that we + +21:24.800 --> 21:27.300 +had worked with it with an interestingly + +21:27.300 --> 21:30.120 +similar and different collection in our + +21:30.120 --> 21:32.300 +previous project, which was in a law firm, + +21:32.500 --> 21:35.720 +where we worked with a particular attorney + +21:35.720 --> 21:39.120 +taking, again, a paper collection of his + +21:39.120 --> 21:42.340 +documents and moving them online, + +21:42.640 --> 21:44.340 +exploring what it would mean to move them + +21:44.340 --> 21:48.920 +online. So it was for us a way of building + +21:48.920 --> 21:52.020 +on our previous projects, of bringing + +21:52.020 --> 21:54.840 +together the specifics of this particular + +21:54.840 --> 21:59.220 +work site and its practices with a more + +21:59.220 --> 22:02.140 +sort of cumulative general understanding + +22:02.140 --> 22:05.000 +of how these kinds of collections work. + +22:05.000 --> 22:09.340 +work. And the other thing that struck us + +22:09.340 --> 22:12.480 +was, again, as in the law firm collection, + +22:12.840 --> 22:15.280 +the tremendous heterogeneity of the + +22:15.280 --> 22:17.480 +documents that are in the project files. + +22:17.720 --> 22:20.500 +They include a lot of general business + +22:20.500 --> 22:23.960 +documents, letters and memos and reports + +22:23.960 --> 22:27.340 +and spreadsheets and tables and that sort + +22:27.340 --> 22:30.520 +of thing. And then also things like + +22:30.520 --> 22:32.740 +newspaper clippings. So they clip you + +22:32.740 --> 22:34.640 +know, articles that come out about + +22:34.640 --> 22:36.440 +Caltrans that are relevant to the project. + +22:37.120 --> 22:39.320 +And then a lot of interesting more + +22:39.320 --> 22:42.900 +engineering specific documents, maps, and + +22:42.900 --> 22:46.160 +plans of various kinds, all ingeniously + +22:46.160 --> 22:49.300 +folded to fit in an 8.5 by 11 inch binder. + +22:49.560 --> 22:52.240 +So we've got documents of, you know, a lot + +22:52.240 --> 22:54.940 +of different kinds of genre and format, + +22:55.240 --> 22:58.080 +and a lot of different sizes and that sort + +22:58.080 --> 22:59.300 +of thing. So the question is, you know, + +22:59.300 --> 23:00.940 +how are you actually going to deal with + +23:00.940 --> 23:03.560 +this when you're thinking of moving this + +23:03.560 --> 23:07.560 +collection from one medium to another? The + +23:07.560 --> 23:10.120 +other thing that fascinated us was that in + +23:10.120 --> 23:12.120 +spite of the tremendous heterogeneity of + +23:12.120 --> 23:15.180 +these documents, they were all to be filed + +23:15.180 --> 23:17.460 +according to the Caltrans Uniform Filing + +23:17.460 --> 23:22.040 +System, which as a piece of classification + +23:22.040 --> 23:24.640 +is a really, really interesting artifact + +23:24.640 --> 23:27.320 +in its own right. The Caltrans Uniform + +23:27.320 --> 23:31.060 +Filing System is a basically + +23:31.060 --> 23:33.840 +hierarchically nested set of categories + +23:33.840 --> 23:36.740 +that are in principle to be used + +23:36.740 --> 23:39.420 +throughout Caltrans. It's really + +23:39.420 --> 23:41.520 +interesting when you start to look at the + +23:41.520 --> 23:43.460 +Uniform Filing System how incredibly + +23:43.460 --> 23:48.000 +dynamic it becomes. It changes both, it's + +23:48.000 --> 23:49.980 +changed from the sort of central + +23:49.980 --> 23:53.860 +headquarters and then it's changed, it's, + +23:53.860 --> 23:56.920 +you know, with permission customized + +23:56.920 --> 24:01.800 +locally. And so I'll talk more about that + +24:01.800 --> 24:03.300 +when I tell you about the prototype, but + +24:03.300 --> 24:06.120 +the uniform filing system turns out to be + +24:06.120 --> 24:08.800 +in fact a constantly sort of shifting and + +24:08.800 --> 24:12.940 +transformed set of categorization scheme. + +24:13.980 --> 24:15.840 +Another interesting thing about it from + +24:15.840 --> 24:17.240 +the point of view of classification is + +24:17.240 --> 24:18.180 +that it's got all these different + +24:18.180 --> 24:21.160 +interests in it. Partly it's organized by + +24:21.160 --> 24:23.100 +the kind of phases of a project, so it's + +24:23.100 --> 24:26.720 +orienting to producing a kind of archival + +24:26.720 --> 24:28.920 +historical record at the end of the + +24:28.920 --> 24:31.660 +project. It's also oriented to the types + +24:31.660 --> 24:33.620 +of documents, so whether it's + +24:33.620 --> 24:35.640 +correspondence or reports of various + +24:35.640 --> 24:39.260 +kinds, it's oriented to topical issues. + +24:39.260 --> 24:42.280 +and all of these different cross-cutting + +24:42.280 --> 24:45.780 +interests are sort of homogenized and + +24:45.780 --> 24:47.880 +flattened in in this apparently + +24:47.880 --> 24:51.720 +straightforward hierarchical system but of + +24:51.720 --> 24:53.200 +course when you actually go to file + +24:53.200 --> 24:55.940 +documents you run into into that and I'll + +24:55.940 --> 25:01.420 +show you more about that there are there + +25:01.420 --> 25:04.460 +is a perceived problem around around + +25:04.460 --> 25:06.800 +getting documents into the project files. + +25:06.980 --> 25:10.720 +It is a perpetual trouble for people. For + +25:10.720 --> 25:13.220 +all sorts of reasons, certainly in part, I + +25:13.220 --> 25:15.160 +think part of the reason that we're all so + +25:15.160 --> 25:18.880 +behind in our filing is that it's not a + +25:18.880 --> 25:20.780 +straightforward task. For any given + +25:20.780 --> 25:23.220 +document, there are so many possible ways + +25:23.220 --> 25:26.500 +of filing it. And so it's a hard problem, + +25:26.560 --> 25:28.580 +and as a consequence, things pile up. And + +25:28.580 --> 25:31.300 +this is the two-file cardboard box sitting + +25:31.300 --> 25:35.880 +on the desk of the senior engineer. So we + +25:35.880 --> 25:38.420 +became interested in understanding more + +25:38.420 --> 25:41.180 +about what actually is hard about filing + +25:41.180 --> 25:43.600 +documents. Here's another activity which + +25:43.600 --> 25:46.680 +is typically seen as a completely mindless + +25:46.680 --> 25:49.880 +activity, but which somehow when any of us + +25:49.880 --> 25:52.660 +actually goes to try to do it, opens out + +25:52.660 --> 25:55.100 +into something more problematic and what's + +25:55.100 --> 25:57.120 +going on there. So what we did was we + +25:57.120 --> 25:59.540 +spent some time with the senior, The other + +25:59.540 --> 26:01.880 +thing I should say is that at Caltrans, as + +26:01.880 --> 26:04.100 +with many organizations, budgets have been + +26:04.100 --> 26:06.020 +cut. There's very little administrative + +26:06.020 --> 26:08.800 +support. The engineers themselves are + +26:08.800 --> 26:10.800 +responsible for doing the filing of their + +26:10.800 --> 26:14.380 +documents. So we spent some time with the + +26:14.380 --> 26:18.140 +senior project engineer, sitting with him + +26:18.140 --> 26:20.580 +while he worked on trying to file some of + +26:20.580 --> 26:22.180 +these documents that were on his desk that + +26:22.180 --> 26:23.860 +he wanted to get into the project files. + +26:23.860 --> 26:27.160 +And this is my colleague Randy watching + +26:27.160 --> 26:30.000 +sympathetically as Dave sort of talks his + +26:30.000 --> 26:32.440 +way through some filing. And at this point + +26:32.440 --> 26:34.820 +I want to show you a videotape if we're + +26:34.820 --> 26:37.520 +queued up. I'm going to show you a few + +26:37.520 --> 26:44.600 +little bits of recorded Dave filing. And + +26:44.600 --> 26:49.100 +in the first one, let me just orient you a + +26:49.100 --> 26:50.260 +little bit to what you're going to see. + +26:51.460 --> 26:53.440 +Well, I'll show it to you and then just + +26:53.440 --> 26:55.380 +point out what I think are some of the + +26:55.380 --> 26:57.240 +interesting issues. And here's a + +26:57.240 --> 26:59.080 +transcript in case you have any trouble + +26:59.080 --> 27:02.700 +hearing. Can I show the overhead and the + +27:02.700 --> 27:05.800 +tape at the same time or should we? I feel + +27:05.800 --> 27:08.240 +I'm talking to some unknown assistant + +27:08.240 --> 27:12.300 +here. Over there, right? I can't. Okay. So + +27:12.300 --> 27:13.580 +we'll just look at the tape and then I'll + +27:13.580 --> 27:14.460 +put the transcript up. + +27:22.480 --> 27:24.460 +store these things you know like for + +27:24.460 --> 27:28.480 +instance this one right here it's our + +27:28.480 --> 27:33.160 +letter to the FHWA regarding consultation + +27:33.160 --> 27:35.660 +for the Endangered Species Act so there's + +27:35.660 --> 27:37.620 +a permit involved environmental is + +27:37.620 --> 27:40.940 +involved the federal FHWA is involved + +27:40.940 --> 27:42.740 +external agencies so there's all these + +27:42.740 --> 27:45.040 +categories that can conceivably go under + +27:45.040 --> 27:47.980 +and I have to pick one. Then I have to go + +27:47.980 --> 27:49.880 +back and maybe search for because maybe I + +27:49.880 --> 27:52.700 +wasn't thinking the same on the next time + +27:52.700 --> 27:54.260 +when I'm looking back. So that's why it'd + +27:54.260 --> 27:56.800 +be really cool if you know if you can + +27:56.800 --> 27:58.420 +enter these things one like you had you + +27:58.420 --> 28:01.000 +said you could you could have a date or a + +28:01.000 --> 28:03.420 +title or Subject or keyword or whatever. + +28:03.480 --> 28:04.600 +That's why I think it'd be really handy + +28:04.600 --> 28:06.240 +because I'm sitting here and I'm going + +28:06.240 --> 28:06.540 +well + +28:09.260 --> 28:10.980 +Correspondence to federal agencies. Yeah, + +28:10.980 --> 28:13.200 +that's the one I think it is But it could + +28:13.200 --> 28:14.820 +easily be thrown underneath permit. And + +28:14.820 --> 28:17.520 +certainly my assessment may be different + +28:17.520 --> 28:19.960 +than the guy in the next aisle over. Not + +28:19.960 --> 28:21.400 +when he's trying to fire a lady, when + +28:21.400 --> 28:22.360 +they're trying to find him. + +28:25.620 --> 28:27.820 +Okay, so. I don't see what I thought I was + +28:27.820 --> 28:30.660 +looking. I'm going to show you one more. + +28:31.140 --> 28:33.520 +Okay, so, you know, this is all really + +28:33.520 --> 28:36.320 +familiar and mundane stuff. But, you know, + +28:36.360 --> 28:37.700 +it's stuff that we all know, but we've + +28:37.700 --> 28:39.860 +never figured out exactly what to do about + +28:39.860 --> 28:41.560 +it. You know, we've got the problem. + +28:41.560 --> 28:42.980 +you've got multiple alternative + +28:42.980 --> 28:45.880 +categories, any one of which could make + +28:45.880 --> 28:48.240 +sense depending on how you reason about + +28:48.240 --> 28:50.980 +it. Then you've got the problem of how do + +28:50.980 --> 28:52.940 +you align the way you're going to reason + +28:52.940 --> 28:54.560 +about the document when you're filing it + +28:54.560 --> 28:55.680 +and the way you're going to be reasoning + +28:55.680 --> 28:57.680 +about it when you go to look for it. And + +28:57.680 --> 29:00.580 +Dave's uneasy feeling that if he comes up + +29:00.580 --> 29:02.580 +with one sort of logic right now for how + +29:02.580 --> 29:06.120 +to file it, he's trying to anticipate when + +29:06.120 --> 29:08.180 +he goes to look for this thing, how is he + +29:08.180 --> 29:10.360 +likely to be thinking about it. And then + +29:10.360 --> 29:12.840 +finally he worries at the end about the + +29:12.840 --> 29:15.360 +obvious problem of whether the way he + +29:15.360 --> 29:17.360 +thinks about it is going to be the same as + +29:17.360 --> 29:19.640 +the way, you know, the guy or lady, as he + +29:19.640 --> 29:22.100 +says in the next cubicle, overthinks about + +29:22.100 --> 29:24.040 +it. So these are all, you know, familiar + +29:24.040 --> 29:28.080 +kinds of problems around cataloging and + +29:28.080 --> 29:30.460 +filing of documents. Let me show you one + +29:30.460 --> 29:35.180 +more little clip now from the same session + +29:35.180 --> 29:35.660 +with Dave. + +29:39.980 --> 29:43.400 +I guess I would stick it under floodplain + +29:43.400 --> 29:44.320 +evaluations. + +29:46.620 --> 29:49.280 +Where was the other spot? Drainage is + +29:49.280 --> 29:52.320 +usually done during the design phase, and + +29:52.320 --> 29:54.840 +we're not there yet. So that's why I + +29:54.840 --> 29:58.860 +always pick... This is 4D2, 5D2. But see, + +29:58.900 --> 30:01.340 +231 is draft environmental document, which + +30:01.340 --> 30:06.960 +is pretty vague. So I'll never find it. I + +30:06.960 --> 30:08.660 +would probably be more inclined to stick + +30:08.660 --> 30:10.100 +it under drainage even though that's not + +30:10.100 --> 30:13.820 +where it belongs. I don't know what else. + +30:14.220 --> 30:17.460 +That's what I'm going to do. I'm probably + +30:17.460 --> 30:19.000 +not doing it right, but that's what I + +30:19.000 --> 30:21.480 +would do. This is why your system would be + +30:21.480 --> 30:26.500 +nice. So again, another sort of related + +30:26.500 --> 30:29.420 +set of problems here. In the beginning + +30:29.420 --> 30:30.880 +here, he's looking through the uniform + +30:30.880 --> 30:32.520 +filing system itself. itself is like an + +30:32.520 --> 30:34.060 +eight-page document. He's sitting there + +30:34.060 --> 30:35.460 +searching through the uniform filing + +30:35.460 --> 30:37.200 +system for the category that he's looking + +30:37.200 --> 30:39.720 +for that he thinks he wants to assign this + +30:39.720 --> 30:42.820 +document to. Again, he's worrying here + +30:42.820 --> 30:44.860 +about this misalignment between the kind + +30:44.860 --> 30:47.460 +of normative chronological order of the + +30:47.460 --> 30:50.000 +classification scheme and the topical + +30:50.000 --> 30:52.440 +content of the document that he's got, + +30:52.520 --> 30:55.320 +which is about drainage, which has come up + +30:55.320 --> 30:57.940 +in terms of an evaluation of a floodplain + +30:57.940 --> 30:59.880 +in the environmental stage, but the + +30:59.880 --> 31:02.180 +drainage category is farther down in the + +31:02.180 --> 31:05.880 +design. So how does he adjudicate that? + +31:06.180 --> 31:09.140 +And again, he's thinking here about how am + +31:09.140 --> 31:10.800 +I going to file it such that when I go to + +31:10.800 --> 31:12.340 +look for it, there's some hope that I'll + +31:12.340 --> 31:14.380 +actually find it. Now let me show you a + +31:14.380 --> 31:18.880 +couple of clips around search. The clip + +31:18.880 --> 31:21.840 +I'm going to show you was a serendipitous + +31:21.840 --> 31:26.100 +recording that we were actually up there + +31:26.100 --> 31:29.940 +installing a board on Dave's PC that would + +31:29.940 --> 31:31.980 +allow it to talk to our scanner as we were + +31:31.980 --> 31:33.800 +putting together a prototype. And because + +31:33.800 --> 31:36.340 +we're interested in all of the grungy + +31:36.340 --> 31:38.660 +practical details around actually + +31:38.660 --> 31:40.160 +implementing a prototype, we were + +31:40.160 --> 31:42.460 +recording this, right? So we're there in + +31:42.460 --> 31:45.540 +Dave's office and when the clip first + +31:45.540 --> 31:46.920 +starts, you're going to see my colleague + +31:46.920 --> 31:49.460 +Randy and one of their IS people under + +31:49.460 --> 31:53.000 +Dave's desk messing with his PC. And so + +31:53.000 --> 31:54.720 +we're there recording and Dave comes in + +31:54.720 --> 31:56.700 +and he picks up the two file box off his + +31:56.700 --> 31:58.140 +desk and sits down and starts going + +31:58.140 --> 32:01.640 +through it. So I eventually pan back to + +32:01.640 --> 32:03.560 +actually see what it is that he's up to. + +32:03.700 --> 32:05.520 +And you're going to see three little + +32:05.520 --> 32:08.060 +segments with breaks between them. In the + +32:08.060 --> 32:11.200 +first, you'll hear a query from my + +32:11.200 --> 32:13.340 +colleague, Jeanette, to Dave about what + +32:13.340 --> 32:15.260 +he's searching for. And he explains that + +32:15.260 --> 32:17.380 +he's looking for the documentation of an + +32:17.380 --> 32:20.640 +agreement between a local agency and a + +32:20.640 --> 32:23.780 +local city and Caltrans around an aspect + +32:23.780 --> 32:26.280 +of their process. And then in the second, + +32:26.400 --> 32:29.040 +you'll see him find a document and sort of + +32:29.040 --> 32:31.300 +inspect it and decide, apparently, that + +32:31.300 --> 32:33.020 +it's what he wants and set it aside. And + +32:33.020 --> 32:35.100 +then in the final one, we have a little + +32:35.100 --> 32:38.720 +exchange where he explains to us the + +32:38.720 --> 32:40.900 +uncertainties about what he's been looking + +32:40.900 --> 32:44.560 +for. And there's this whole search. I + +32:44.560 --> 32:46.060 +mean, he went through, you'll see when he + +32:46.060 --> 32:47.880 +finds the document, he's about two-thirds + +32:47.880 --> 32:49.740 +of the way through the box. So the whole + +32:49.740 --> 32:51.560 +thing probably went on for 15 minutes, I + +32:51.560 --> 32:53.320 +would say. So here are these three little + +32:53.320 --> 32:53.720 +clips. + +33:02.000 --> 33:06.100 +Some old resolutions that East Virginia + +33:06.100 --> 33:07.500 +Regional Park and the city passed in + +33:07.500 --> 33:11.020 +support of our mitigation project. Yeah, + +33:13.100 --> 33:16.240 +sure do. Exactly. Exactly. + +33:58.000 --> 33:59.500 +I don't know if the oven exists. + +34:05.120 --> 34:07.840 +Yeah, most of the time. I don't think I + +34:07.840 --> 34:09.100 +actually got one of these things from the + +34:09.100 --> 34:09.280 +city. + +34:18.440 --> 34:21.300 +So, at the beginning, as I said, he + +34:21.300 --> 34:24.420 +explains to us that he's looking for some + +34:24.420 --> 34:26.400 +old resolutions, as he says, from the East + +34:26.400 --> 34:29.580 +Bay Regional Parks and the City. So + +34:29.580 --> 34:31.240 +potentially, at the beginning, he's + +34:31.240 --> 34:33.760 +looking for two documents, one from each + +34:33.760 --> 34:36.720 +of these agencies. And then when he talks + +34:36.720 --> 34:40.900 +to us about what he found, he explains, he + +34:40.900 --> 34:43.300 +says he's still going through, you saw him + +34:43.300 --> 34:45.560 +in the middle clip sort of pull out one + +34:45.560 --> 34:46.920 +document, set it to the side, and then + +34:46.920 --> 34:50.460 +keep going. And then he announces happily + +34:50.460 --> 34:52.440 +to us that he actually found something and + +34:52.440 --> 34:54.540 +explains that now he's starting to wonder + +34:54.540 --> 34:56.780 +whether there is actually ever was a + +34:56.780 --> 34:59.680 +second document. So the question here is + +34:59.680 --> 35:01.720 +what do you know ahead of time about what + +35:01.720 --> 35:03.140 +you're looking for when you're doing this + +35:03.140 --> 35:04.660 +kind of search? And here's a case where + +35:04.660 --> 35:06.920 +Dave goes through the whole box on the + +35:06.920 --> 35:11.120 +possibility that a document that may or + +35:11.120 --> 35:13.120 +may not exist was put in there by one of + +35:13.120 --> 35:14.540 +his colleagues. And that's the kind of + +35:14.540 --> 35:18.280 +working with the material medium that's + +35:18.280 --> 35:23.040 +involved in the sort of problematic state + +35:23.040 --> 35:26.420 +of the project files at the moment. So + +35:26.420 --> 35:29.940 +what we have been doing together with Dave + +35:29.940 --> 35:33.160 +and the rest of the engineering team is an + +35:33.160 --> 35:35.860 +exploration in what would it mean to put + +35:35.860 --> 35:38.380 +their collection online. And the prototype + +35:38.380 --> 35:41.240 +that we've built, we hear being used very + +35:41.240 --> 35:43.020 +loosely to refer to my colleague Randy + +35:43.020 --> 35:46.660 +Trigg, is called, it's built on top of a + +35:46.660 --> 35:48.560 +platform called the integrator because the + +35:48.560 --> 35:51.600 +idea of the integrator has been to try to + +35:51.600 --> 35:53.340 +build a platform on which we can pull + +35:53.340 --> 35:56.680 +together as much stuff as possible into a + +35:56.680 --> 36:01.200 +useful configuration. We have our sort of + +36:01.200 --> 36:04.840 +basic approach in putting this prototype + +36:04.840 --> 36:07.420 +together is we want to require minimal + +36:07.420 --> 36:09.580 +overhead for filing. You should be able to + +36:09.580 --> 36:11.920 +get documents into this collection with as + +36:11.920 --> 36:14.960 +little effort as possible. And you'll see + +36:14.960 --> 36:18.240 +concretely what that means. And then we + +36:18.240 --> 36:20.320 +want to provide, once you've gotten your + +36:20.320 --> 36:22.620 +document in there, and particularly if + +36:22.620 --> 36:24.040 +you've put your document in with very, + +36:24.100 --> 36:27.020 +very minimal coding of any kind, we want + +36:27.020 --> 36:29.640 +to give you multiple opportunities to add + +36:29.640 --> 36:34.220 +more metadata to the document. So we want + +36:34.220 --> 36:36.300 +you to be able to take a document that's + +36:36.300 --> 36:37.880 +in the, when you come across a document + +36:37.880 --> 36:39.900 +that's in the collection, be able to add + +36:39.900 --> 36:42.680 +more metadata to it if you're inspired to + +36:42.680 --> 36:45.760 +do that. And very importantly, as you'll + +36:45.760 --> 36:49.140 +see, the collection of metadata that's + +36:49.140 --> 36:51.900 +applicable has got to be modifiable. + +36:52.400 --> 36:54.100 +You've got to be able to both go in and + +36:54.100 --> 36:55.840 +change the coding of a particular document + +36:55.840 --> 36:58.520 +and then work with the overall set of + +36:58.520 --> 37:00.480 +metadata. data. And then when it goes to + +37:00.480 --> 37:02.700 +look to come sign to look for documents we + +37:02.700 --> 37:04.740 +want there to be multiple ways that you + +37:04.740 --> 37:07.520 +can go about looking for them. Trying to + +37:07.520 --> 37:10.540 +perpetuate some of the advantages of the + +37:10.540 --> 37:13.560 +paper world where where you can use a + +37:13.560 --> 37:17.100 +pretty wide repertoire of strategies for + +37:17.100 --> 37:21.500 +looking. The basic scenario has been that + +37:21.500 --> 37:22.780 +you know first of all you get your + +37:22.780 --> 37:27.000 +document scanned into into a file and and + +37:27.000 --> 37:29.100 +then into a repository. And then, of + +37:29.100 --> 37:31.140 +course, the rationale is that once you've + +37:31.140 --> 37:34.460 +got your documents online, you can do + +37:34.460 --> 37:38.040 +things like do multiple categorization of + +37:38.040 --> 37:39.520 +a given document. You don't have to worry + +37:39.520 --> 37:41.220 +about resolving those problems that Dave + +37:41.220 --> 37:43.700 +was struggling with. You can look at the + +37:43.700 --> 37:45.780 +whole collection in different ways, which + +37:45.780 --> 37:47.640 +is something impossible for them to do at + +37:47.640 --> 37:49.400 +this point. So you can look at the whole + +37:49.400 --> 37:52.080 +collection ordered by the document dates + +37:52.080 --> 37:55.620 +or the topics. And I'll show you more + +37:55.620 --> 37:59.220 +about that. you can still view and browse + +37:59.220 --> 38:01.400 +over the page images. That's a place where + +38:01.400 --> 38:03.740 +we want to preserve what you've got now + +38:03.740 --> 38:05.800 +and maybe even enhance it in some ways. + +38:06.640 --> 38:10.160 +Obviously now you can do a full text + +38:10.160 --> 38:12.740 +search over the optically character + +38:12.740 --> 38:16.520 +recognized text and we want you to be able + +38:16.520 --> 38:19.340 +to do combined searches so you throw in + +38:19.340 --> 38:20.960 +you know something that you know about a + +38:20.960 --> 38:22.760 +property that might have been assigned to + +38:22.760 --> 38:25.220 +this document with a text stream string + +38:25.220 --> 38:28.040 +and also being able to search use the + +38:28.040 --> 38:30.500 +images as a resource and then obviously + +38:30.500 --> 38:33.160 +once you're online there's the possibility + +38:33.160 --> 38:35.340 +of having distributed access to the + +38:35.340 --> 38:37.740 +collection so to sit at your desk and and + +38:37.740 --> 38:39.540 +over the world wide web actually look at + +38:39.540 --> 38:41.640 +it and get a hold of things and then you + +38:41.640 --> 38:43.500 +still have to be able to print your + +38:43.500 --> 38:47.420 +documents that's essential you know the + +38:47.420 --> 38:49.960 +idea there's simple idea we have is okay + +38:49.960 --> 38:52.340 +once Once you got documents online, then + +38:52.340 --> 38:57.120 +you could have access to the project files + +38:57.120 --> 38:58.900 +from multiple locations, from multiple + +38:58.900 --> 39:01.040 +locations both within Caltrans + +39:01.040 --> 39:03.440 +headquarters and also now they've got + +39:03.440 --> 39:04.940 +their field office set up out by the + +39:04.940 --> 39:06.600 +bridge. So one of the things we're + +39:06.600 --> 39:08.540 +interested in seeing is how do documents + +39:08.540 --> 39:11.780 +travel across these sites. The way they + +39:11.780 --> 39:14.000 +travel now primarily is that Dave gets a + +39:14.000 --> 39:16.740 +phone call, he finds, he or somebody + +39:16.740 --> 39:17.920 +somebody who works for him finds the + +39:17.920 --> 39:19.440 +document, they stick it into a relevant + +39:19.440 --> 39:21.840 +form of mail and it gets sent off or it + +39:21.840 --> 39:24.640 +gets faxed. So this would obviously open + +39:24.640 --> 39:27.520 +up some new possibilities there. And + +39:27.520 --> 39:29.840 +distributed access would work both to give + +39:30.400 --> 39:32.280 +multiple people access to the same + +39:32.280 --> 39:34.380 +collection, which is the situation I was + +39:34.380 --> 39:37.240 +just describing. And also a single person, + +39:37.300 --> 39:38.720 +one of the managers that we've been + +39:38.720 --> 39:41.180 +talking to, she has, I think, 100 projects + +39:41.180 --> 39:43.420 +that she's in principle responsible for. + +39:43.540 --> 39:45.740 +So she has an interest in being able to + +39:45.740 --> 39:50.300 +get views onto multiple project files. And + +39:50.300 --> 39:51.940 +there are really interesting, obviously, + +39:52.470 --> 39:54.560 +protection and access issues that come up + +39:54.560 --> 39:57.160 +there that I'll come back to. So what + +39:57.160 --> 39:59.100 +we've done is we've set up, this is the + +39:59.100 --> 40:01.940 +prototype. It's made up of plastic + +40:01.940 --> 40:06.820 +hardware, software, and paper. So we + +40:06.820 --> 40:09.420 +basically have a really, I will say, + +40:09.440 --> 40:12.260 +really nice Xerox scanner. Nice because it + +40:12.260 --> 40:14.280 +has a great document feeder that you can + +40:14.280 --> 40:16.280 +throw in multiple documents at a time, + +40:16.680 --> 40:20.360 +hooked up to a PC, and the PC is running a + +40:20.360 --> 40:22.680 +piece of software called Pages, which + +40:22.680 --> 40:24.580 +again is a really nice application for + +40:24.580 --> 40:27.760 +supporting the work of scanning documents. + +40:28.460 --> 40:32.460 +And so the documents are basically scanned + +40:32.460 --> 40:38.880 +using the scanner in Pages onto the PC + +40:38.880 --> 40:41.840 +that's sitting there. And then with a web + +40:41.840 --> 40:44.220 +-based form, they're coded and then + +40:44.220 --> 40:47.680 +they're uploaded onto the web. And at the + +40:47.680 --> 40:50.720 +moment, they're actually uploaded onto the + +40:50.720 --> 40:53.180 +web and sent to PARC, where we pull them + +40:53.180 --> 40:56.980 +in across the PARC firewall and do various + +40:56.980 --> 40:59.620 +kinds of processing over them, and then + +40:59.620 --> 41:02.100 +put them back out, indexed, both the + +41:02.100 --> 41:04.280 +documents and the metadata indexed outside + +41:04.280 --> 41:06.280 +the firewall, so that people at Caltrans + +41:06.280 --> 41:09.060 +with password protection can view the + +41:09.060 --> 41:10.800 +documents. The thing that we're up to now + +41:10.800 --> 41:12.320 +is trying to move the whole thing into + +41:12.320 --> 41:15.060 +Caltrans running on their intranet. And + +41:15.060 --> 41:18.180 +that involves a bit of substituting some + +41:18.180 --> 41:21.260 +code that's been running at PARC with + +41:21.260 --> 41:24.640 +commercially available, extended + +41:24.640 --> 41:27.500 +commercially available software using + +41:27.500 --> 41:31.640 +pages as the sort of basic platform for + +41:31.640 --> 41:35.540 +it. They now have an intern who's + +41:35.540 --> 41:38.660 +dedicated 25 hours a week to scanning and + +41:38.660 --> 41:42.040 +maintaining the project files. We have at + +41:42.040 --> 41:44.580 +last count about 1,250 documents in there, + +41:44.720 --> 41:47.140 +which just to give you a sense, I mean if + +41:47.140 --> 41:49.380 +you say documents, it turns out documents + +41:49.380 --> 41:51.820 +average about five pages. That of course + +41:51.820 --> 41:53.280 +doesn't mean it all. I mean they range + +41:53.280 --> 41:55.700 +from lots of one pagers to long documents. + +41:55.820 --> 41:59.480 +But it's about 1,250 roughly times five is + +41:59.480 --> 42:01.200 +the number of actual pages that we have. + +42:01.200 --> 42:03.900 +And for those of you who are interested in + +42:03.900 --> 42:06.060 +it takes about a gigabyte of storage at + +42:06.060 --> 42:08.140 +this point with another megabyte for the + +42:08.140 --> 42:08.660 +metadata. + +42:11.980 --> 42:14.660 +Okay, some things that we've learned about + +42:14.660 --> 42:17.460 +scanning because along with the intern + +42:17.460 --> 42:19.980 +that they've hired, we ourselves have done + +42:19.980 --> 42:22.160 +an enormous amount of scanning and learned + +42:22.160 --> 42:25.760 +a great deal from it. You know, again this + +42:25.760 --> 42:27.220 +sort of goes back to what I was saying + +42:27.220 --> 42:28.860 +about filing. There are all these things + +42:28.860 --> 42:32.220 +that are almost too mundane to mention, + +42:32.360 --> 42:33.800 +but when you're actually sitting there + +42:33.800 --> 42:35.420 +scanning documents, they become quite + +42:35.420 --> 42:38.940 +salient. Things like you have a stack and + +42:38.940 --> 42:41.100 +it's not always completely clear what + +42:41.100 --> 42:43.160 +should constitute a single document. + +42:43.660 --> 42:47.360 +Should this thing be scanned as a single + +42:47.360 --> 42:50.420 +document or as multiple documents? A + +42:50.420 --> 42:52.360 +little bit of judgment has to be exercised + +42:52.360 --> 42:54.000 +there. You know, you've got to give the + +42:54.000 --> 42:56.500 +document a name to store it on the hard + +42:56.500 --> 42:59.320 +drive on your PC. And so you've got to + +42:59.320 --> 43:01.040 +sort of come up with something. And it + +43:01.040 --> 43:02.800 +turns out that we display the names, and + +43:02.800 --> 43:04.400 +so it's actually useful if they say a + +43:04.400 --> 43:06.880 +little bit about the document. And then + +43:06.880 --> 43:08.040 +you've got to deal with the kind of + +43:08.040 --> 43:09.760 +heterogeneity that these documents have. + +43:10.240 --> 43:12.420 +For example, there are a lot of documents + +43:12.420 --> 43:14.220 +that have some pages, portrait, and some + +43:14.220 --> 43:17.040 +landscape. And, you know, there are issues + +43:17.040 --> 43:18.960 +there. You throw them all in the scanner. + +43:18.960 --> 43:21.000 +one of the really nice things that Pages + +43:21.000 --> 43:23.760 +does is you can view all of the thumbnails + +43:23.760 --> 43:25.360 +of all the documents that you've scanned + +43:25.360 --> 43:28.060 +and very easily rotate. So we go in and we + +43:28.060 --> 43:29.920 +rotate the documents so that when the + +43:29.920 --> 43:31.520 +thumbnails are displayed, everything will + +43:31.520 --> 43:34.980 +be nicely oriented in the right way, which + +43:34.980 --> 43:36.580 +is great for viewing the documents, but + +43:36.580 --> 43:37.940 +then of course when you're going to go to + +43:37.940 --> 43:41.540 +print them, you need to both reorient them + +43:41.540 --> 43:43.580 +and rescale them again. So there are + +43:43.580 --> 43:46.100 +translations between scanning and viewing + +43:46.100 --> 43:48.640 +and printing around page orientation that + +43:48.640 --> 43:51.720 +have become an issue. And there are + +43:51.720 --> 43:54.200 +variously sized pages. Pages again + +43:54.200 --> 43:56.220 +supports really nicely, you know, you do + +43:56.220 --> 43:58.900 +the 8.5 by 11s and then you add the, you + +43:58.900 --> 44:00.600 +do the others on the platen and you add + +44:00.600 --> 44:03.620 +them. So a lot of this, and again, it's + +44:03.620 --> 44:06.220 +essential to be able to easily go in and + +44:06.220 --> 44:09.120 +rescan a document, replace a particular + +44:09.120 --> 44:11.820 +page and also to see what you've done + +44:11.820 --> 44:13.620 +after you scan them and to be able to go + +44:13.620 --> 44:16.680 +in there and reorder pages reorient things + +44:16.680 --> 44:19.460 +all of that actually pages does really + +44:19.460 --> 44:22.520 +well which is why we're we're relying on + +44:22.520 --> 44:25.160 +it to a great deal now of course you get + +44:25.160 --> 44:27.120 +to the documents in the project files + +44:27.120 --> 44:30.780 +through a home page and we have this + +44:30.780 --> 44:34.580 +project files home page it may be a little + +44:34.580 --> 44:36.460 +hard for you to read it so you know you + +44:36.460 --> 44:38.280 +can select search the project files that + +44:38.280 --> 44:39.680 +which takes you to the search interface + +44:39.680 --> 44:41.740 +which I'll show you add a new document + +44:41.740 --> 44:44.000 +takes you to the coding form that I'll + +44:44.000 --> 44:46.240 +show you and then of their various ways in + +44:46.240 --> 44:48.160 +which you can review the whole collection + +44:48.160 --> 44:52.220 +by dates by the arranged according to the + +44:52.220 --> 44:58.720 +uniform filing system and then various + +44:58.720 --> 45:00.920 +kinds of administrative operations that it + +45:00.920 --> 45:02.560 +turns out to be really useful to have like + +45:02.560 --> 45:05.380 +a change log that shows what the status of + +45:05.380 --> 45:08.200 +documents that have been scanned but not + +45:08.200 --> 45:12.240 +yet indexed is and things like that. We + +45:12.240 --> 45:16.240 +have a web-based form so that after you've + +45:16.240 --> 45:18.820 +used Pages to scan your document, you go + +45:18.820 --> 45:22.340 +in and you bring it up and then you can + +45:22.340 --> 45:26.340 +code it in a variety of ways. The + +45:26.340 --> 45:29.140 +interesting thing about this form is the + +45:29.140 --> 45:31.640 +number of times it's changed since we've + +45:31.640 --> 45:34.340 +been working with them. Once they really + +45:34.340 --> 45:38.020 +got into using this form, they began to + +45:38.020 --> 45:40.820 +see ways in which actually the initial + +45:40.820 --> 45:44.120 +things which they said made sense. Like we + +45:44.120 --> 45:46.080 +started out with a bunch of keywords, + +45:46.260 --> 45:48.160 +which then got differentiated into things + +45:48.160 --> 45:50.060 +like source and recipient, as we have + +45:50.060 --> 45:53.060 +here. And the issue there is that it's + +45:53.060 --> 45:56.020 +become clear to us how essential it is + +45:56.020 --> 45:58.420 +that this kind of a form be tailorable and + +45:58.420 --> 46:01.340 +modifiable. And that presents, we've + +46:01.340 --> 46:03.340 +probably done a half a dozen iterations on + +46:03.340 --> 46:05.800 +the design of this form in the last six + +46:05.800 --> 46:07.140 +months to a year that we've been working + +46:07.140 --> 46:10.400 +with them. This poses a real challenge for + +46:10.400 --> 46:12.580 +us in attempting to move this thing into + +46:12.580 --> 46:14.220 +their environment and extricate ourselves + +46:14.220 --> 46:16.340 +because at the moment these changes are + +46:16.340 --> 46:18.020 +done through very close collaboration + +46:18.020 --> 46:22.060 +between the engineers and Randy where they + +46:22.060 --> 46:24.220 +tell him the changes that they want and he + +46:24.220 --> 46:26.760 +implements them. How do we deal with that? + +46:26.840 --> 46:28.420 +That's obviously going to be essential. + +46:29.740 --> 46:33.160 +Once you've coded your document, you go + +46:33.160 --> 46:35.720 +down. This is the second page which + +46:35.720 --> 46:38.040 +printed out doesn't fit onto a single + +46:38.040 --> 46:40.800 +sheet. You go down to the bottom and you + +46:40.800 --> 46:45.820 +say submit document and document info. And + +46:45.820 --> 46:47.660 +then it goes through this, at the moment, + +46:47.700 --> 46:50.760 +this sort of trip over to park and back + +46:50.760 --> 46:54.260 +again. But eventually that will just + +46:54.260 --> 46:57.780 +basically put it onto a web server in + +46:57.780 --> 47:01.540 +their environment. Again, some + +47:01.540 --> 47:04.300 +observations about coding documents, which + +47:04.300 --> 47:06.540 +we've also done a lot of and talked to + +47:06.540 --> 47:10.120 +them about a lot. It turns out that + +47:10.120 --> 47:13.400 +there's a requirement for a lot of + +47:13.400 --> 47:15.660 +flexibility around the question of who + +47:15.660 --> 47:17.600 +codes documents and who scans them. And + +47:17.600 --> 47:19.820 +one of the things that they wanted and + +47:19.820 --> 47:22.040 +that we provided is a paper version of the + +47:22.040 --> 47:24.780 +online coding form. Which means that + +47:24.780 --> 47:27.440 +engineers who are sitting at their desks + +47:27.440 --> 47:29.620 +with a pile of documents can just take + +47:29.620 --> 47:32.900 +this paper form, code it, paper clip it to + +47:32.900 --> 47:34.380 +the front of the document, put it in that + +47:34.380 --> 47:36.620 +inbox, and then the intern can scan it. + +47:36.820 --> 47:38.660 +The intern also does coding himself + +47:38.660 --> 47:39.920 +online. + +47:42.100 --> 47:43.940 +Engineers could do online coding from + +47:43.940 --> 47:45.880 +their desks if they were into that. But + +47:45.880 --> 47:48.520 +basically, it's the more alternatives + +47:48.520 --> 47:50.900 +there are for how to do this, the better. + +47:51.960 --> 47:54.060 +Again, a lot of flexibility in the amount + +47:54.060 --> 47:56.260 +of coding. Either you can do very, very + +47:56.260 --> 47:59.100 +minimal coding, basically give it a + +47:59.100 --> 48:01.600 +uniform file system category, or you can + +48:01.600 --> 48:04.000 +do increasingly elaborate, and you can do + +48:04.000 --> 48:05.880 +that either at the time that you scan it + +48:05.880 --> 48:08.520 +or later. So we've been trying to give + +48:08.520 --> 48:12.980 +them a lot of different ways of organizing + +48:12.980 --> 48:17.200 +the time and the place and how much or + +48:17.200 --> 48:19.160 +little of this work gets done. And that + +48:19.160 --> 48:20.960 +seems essential for making the thing + +48:20.960 --> 48:24.940 +really, really useful, usable and useful. + +48:26.780 --> 48:29.360 +Again, now that things, once things have + +48:29.360 --> 48:32.420 +actually been entered into the online + +48:32.420 --> 48:35.340 +repository, there are a whole lot of new + +48:35.340 --> 48:37.500 +ways to be able to see the collection. You + +48:37.500 --> 48:39.640 +can still look at all of the, look at the + +48:39.640 --> 48:41.180 +collection according to the uniform filing + +48:41.180 --> 48:43.880 +system, but now, oh sorry, I meant to put + +48:43.880 --> 48:46.840 +this one up for you, but now of course you + +48:46.840 --> 48:51.080 +have active links. So you can actually go + +48:51.080 --> 48:53.220 +in and you can see how many documents + +48:53.220 --> 48:54.900 +there are in a given category. You can + +48:54.900 --> 48:56.680 +click on the link and you can see all of + +48:56.680 --> 48:59.640 +those documents. So it's preserving the + +48:59.640 --> 49:03.120 +old way of organizing the collection, but + +49:03.120 --> 49:05.500 +with some new ways of being able to see it + +49:05.500 --> 49:09.320 +and get at it. One thing that's turned out + +49:09.320 --> 49:11.140 +to be really useful for them is that you + +49:11.140 --> 49:12.620 +can organize, you can see the whole + +49:12.620 --> 49:15.180 +collection ordered by dates from the most + +49:15.180 --> 49:18.320 +recent documents. It turns out that in + +49:18.320 --> 49:20.800 +thinking about a document when people, + +49:20.840 --> 49:22.400 +when they're going to look for it, people + +49:22.400 --> 49:25.260 +very often know, well you know this is a + +49:25.260 --> 49:27.440 +letter that was sent to us back in March + +49:27.440 --> 49:30.460 +of last year. So it's really helpful to be + +49:30.460 --> 49:32.120 +able to go in and look at all the + +49:32.120 --> 49:33.800 +documents from from March of last year. + +49:35.460 --> 49:39.360 +You can actually view thumbnail images of + +49:39.360 --> 49:42.220 +all of the document. One of the options is + +49:42.220 --> 49:44.080 +to code documents by the type of document + +49:44.080 --> 49:45.800 +they are. So is it a letter? Is it a + +49:45.800 --> 49:49.740 +report? Is it a memo? And you can, again, + +49:49.920 --> 49:52.440 +just see what you've got in the collection + +49:52.440 --> 49:56.440 +in that way. In addition to various ways + +49:56.440 --> 49:58.900 +of viewing it, obviously you can search. + +49:59.180 --> 50:01.600 +And this is the kind of, it's a hybrid + +50:01.600 --> 50:03.360 +search interface, as I said because it + +50:03.360 --> 50:05.700 +allows you to combine you know a full text + +50:05.700 --> 50:10.320 +search with properties plus getting back a + +50:10.320 --> 50:12.640 +view of your hits as thumbnails which you + +50:12.640 --> 50:15.860 +can then scan in something like the way + +50:15.860 --> 50:18.780 +that you would scan a paper collection and + +50:18.780 --> 50:22.940 +you can also display that the returns the + +50:22.940 --> 50:24.460 +results of a search in different ways you + +50:24.460 --> 50:26.560 +can display them as thumbnails you can + +50:26.560 --> 50:28.420 +also display them in this kind of tabular + +50:28.420 --> 50:30.840 +form if it's more helpful to see + +50:30.840 --> 50:32.480 +everything that comes back by dates So + +50:32.480 --> 50:34.240 +again, the point here is that there are + +50:34.240 --> 50:38.540 +many different ways in which things can be + +50:38.540 --> 50:41.500 +configured. And it turns out that how you + +50:41.500 --> 50:43.780 +want it configured is very much tied to + +50:43.780 --> 50:46.280 +what you know when you go to do the + +50:46.280 --> 50:49.640 +search. Shapes how you want to actually + +50:49.640 --> 50:53.440 +view the collection. Once you find a + +50:53.440 --> 50:56.800 +document that you're looking for, you can + +50:56.800 --> 51:01.040 +view it in multiple thumbnail sizes. So + +51:01.040 --> 51:03.440 +here's a single document with all of its + +51:03.440 --> 51:06.500 +pages laid out. You can see this issue of + +51:06.500 --> 51:08.640 +portrait and landscape in a single + +51:08.640 --> 51:10.660 +document. And then, of course, you can go + +51:10.660 --> 51:14.480 +in and view any of the pages. And you can + +51:14.480 --> 51:16.240 +see from this how important the images are + +51:16.240 --> 51:17.800 +because a lot of the documents in this + +51:17.800 --> 51:20.860 +collection, once you do OCR, you get back + +51:20.860 --> 51:23.380 +practically nothing. And even the + +51:23.380 --> 51:25.680 +documents that you get a lot back from OCR + +51:25.680 --> 51:28.500 +have, in addition, various kinds of + +51:28.500 --> 51:31.120 +marginalia annotations that that you lose + +51:31.120 --> 51:34.920 +so we're very much believers in the idea + +51:34.920 --> 51:37.000 +that you need both you need to preserve + +51:37.000 --> 51:39.560 +images as well as providing people with + +51:39.560 --> 51:43.780 +text search and then Randy has actually + +51:43.780 --> 51:45.820 +created in an attempt to address this + +51:45.820 --> 51:49.220 +problem of user modification of the of the + +51:49.220 --> 51:52.640 +coding scheme Randy's actually provided a + +51:52.640 --> 51:55.640 +an interface for them that allows them to + +51:55.640 --> 51:57.400 +do the the relatively straightforward + +51:57.400 --> 51:59.580 +things like take all the documents that + +51:59.580 --> 52:02.560 +were called this and now call them that or + +52:02.560 --> 52:06.940 +add this new category. The tricky part of + +52:06.940 --> 52:08.980 +course that we're dealing with now is as + +52:08.980 --> 52:11.800 +they do more elaborate reconfigurations of + +52:11.800 --> 52:14.120 +their coding scheme that have + +52:14.120 --> 52:16.640 +ramifications back through the already + +52:16.640 --> 52:19.080 +coded documents, Randy has to write more + +52:19.080 --> 52:20.880 +and more elaborate scripts that will go + +52:20.880 --> 52:25.520 +back and recode the collection and the + +52:25.520 --> 52:28.000 +really difficult question that we face is + +52:28.000 --> 52:31.240 +when we leave how can we make sure that + +52:31.240 --> 52:34.000 +this thing doesn't die in the next at the + +52:34.000 --> 52:35.840 +next point where they decide they want to + +52:35.840 --> 52:38.280 +to make a big change and aren't able to do + +52:38.280 --> 52:40.360 +it that's and that's that brings us into + +52:40.360 --> 52:41.740 +the whole question of what kind of + +52:41.740 --> 52:45.320 +continuing organizational and and human + +52:45.320 --> 52:48.640 +support there's going to be okay to + +52:48.640 --> 52:52.860 +summarize the the two aspects aspects of + +52:52.860 --> 52:55.240 +what this project has meant in terms of + +52:55.240 --> 52:58.420 +designing. There's the project of + +52:58.420 --> 53:00.380 +configuring a working prototype which + +53:00.380 --> 53:02.220 +we've done by, you know, we got a first + +53:02.220 --> 53:04.160 +approximation running in our lab, we moved + +53:04.160 --> 53:07.400 +it over to their organization keeping some + +53:07.400 --> 53:10.660 +of the processing work at park and now + +53:10.660 --> 53:12.080 +we're trying to actually move the whole + +53:12.080 --> 53:16.600 +thing onto their intranet. And then a lot + +53:16.600 --> 53:18.040 +of what we've been doing has been + +53:18.040 --> 53:20.960 +configuring a working practice in relation + +53:20.960 --> 53:23.980 +to that prototype. Working out flexible + +53:23.980 --> 53:26.800 +divisions of labor. As I said, this idea + +53:26.800 --> 53:28.620 +of paper coding forms came out of that. + +53:30.140 --> 53:33.780 +Being sure that you can review and + +53:33.780 --> 53:37.000 +manipulate your page images. Scanning + +53:37.000 --> 53:39.940 +really requires, you can't do it blind. + +53:40.240 --> 53:41.660 +You want to see what you've done and you + +53:41.660 --> 53:43.700 +want to be able to go in there and fix + +53:43.700 --> 53:46.720 +things. And support for this kind of + +53:46.720 --> 53:48.940 +iterative document coding. So you code a + +53:48.940 --> 53:50.960 +document maybe a bit when you scan it and + +53:50.960 --> 53:52.700 +then you add things or you change things + +53:52.700 --> 53:54.820 +later on. Maybe even when you go to search + +53:54.820 --> 53:56.160 +for it and you bring it up and you see how + +53:56.160 --> 53:57.640 +it was coded and you say, oh, I don't + +53:57.640 --> 54:00.500 +really like that. I want to revise it. And + +54:00.500 --> 54:04.000 +then on a larger scale, support for this + +54:04.000 --> 54:06.660 +kind of extensible and modifiable metadata + +54:06.660 --> 54:09.980 +that seems so important. Some of the + +54:09.980 --> 54:16.200 +issues for them, if this effort is + +54:16.200 --> 54:19.460 +successful, is that if we were actually to + +54:19.460 --> 54:21.240 +get to the point where this collection was + +54:21.240 --> 54:23.580 +online and available in a distributed way, + +54:23.800 --> 54:26.940 +the project team is no longer the + +54:26.940 --> 54:28.580 +interface to the collection in the way + +54:28.580 --> 54:29.900 +that they have been before, which has + +54:29.900 --> 54:33.080 +afforded tremendous value in various ways. + +54:33.080 --> 54:36.680 +These documents are in principle available + +54:36.680 --> 54:40.280 +to anyone, but of course it's a big + +54:40.280 --> 54:43.800 +difference if all of the requests go + +54:43.800 --> 54:46.020 +through you, or if people in unknown + +54:46.020 --> 54:49.060 +places are doing unknown things with the + +54:49.060 --> 54:52.060 +collection. So access controls that now + +54:52.060 --> 54:54.260 +are largely taken care of through the + +54:54.260 --> 54:56.160 +practicalities of the medium, because + +54:56.160 --> 54:58.420 +these things exist in one place, nobody + +54:58.420 --> 55:00.440 +else knows how to find anything in them, + +55:00.440 --> 55:02.980 +now have to be addressed much more + +55:02.980 --> 55:07.880 +explicitly. And very important and very + +55:07.880 --> 55:10.580 +salient for us at the moment is where, of + +55:10.580 --> 55:12.700 +course, at this point we're keeping all of + +55:12.700 --> 55:15.640 +these documents on paper in the old way. + +55:16.760 --> 55:18.860 +Eventually, I would imagine, there would + +55:18.860 --> 55:22.380 +be some mix. A lot of them would no longer + +55:22.380 --> 55:24.080 +be kept in the binders once they were + +55:24.080 --> 55:26.660 +online. Others of them would be kept in + +55:26.660 --> 55:27.960 +the binders because you'd want the + +55:27.960 --> 55:30.320 +original for various reasons. And so there + +55:30.320 --> 55:33.460 +are very complicated questions about how + +55:33.460 --> 55:35.760 +you're going to maintain the coherence of + +55:35.760 --> 55:39.000 +the media, of the paper and the digital + +55:39.000 --> 55:41.540 +renderings of the documents. And then + +55:41.540 --> 55:43.720 +finally, this larger question of + +55:43.720 --> 55:47.060 +maintaining the coherence of your coding + +55:47.060 --> 55:50.380 +categories, both with respect to the paper + +55:50.380 --> 55:52.920 +and the digital documents, and how you do + +55:52.920 --> 55:54.760 +that both over time. we've already seen, + +55:54.800 --> 55:56.760 +as I said, tremendously dynamic changes + +55:56.760 --> 55:58.920 +there within the project team that we're + +55:58.920 --> 56:01.280 +working with over the year or so that + +56:01.280 --> 56:03.240 +we've had the prototype running. And then + +56:03.240 --> 56:05.720 +once you have multiple project teams + +56:05.720 --> 56:08.740 +working with a collection, it becomes an + +56:08.740 --> 56:11.660 +even more challenging kind of coordination + +56:11.660 --> 56:16.040 +problem. I'll end with a slogan. slogan, + +56:16.060 --> 56:20.960 +which is really a slogan that refers to + +56:20.960 --> 56:23.540 +this whole approach to doing this kind of + +56:23.540 --> 56:26.680 +work oriented design approach. I was often + +56:26.680 --> 56:30.060 +asked, well the impression I got from many + +56:30.060 --> 56:32.780 +of my colleagues at PARC in the early days + +56:32.780 --> 56:34.440 +when I was arguing for this kind of work + +56:34.440 --> 56:38.000 +was, if we go out and look at the way + +56:38.000 --> 56:40.280 +people are currently working, it will have + +56:40.280 --> 56:44.340 +this deeply conservative effect on us. + +56:44.340 --> 56:47.620 +will end up just replicating what they're + +56:47.620 --> 56:51.180 +doing now. And it's better if we just sort + +56:51.180 --> 56:56.060 +of freely imagine the possibilities. And + +56:56.060 --> 57:00.180 +my response to that is, well, if you in a + +57:00.180 --> 57:04.060 +very sort of flat-footed way went about + +57:04.060 --> 57:06.780 +trying to replicate exactly, well, first + +57:06.780 --> 57:08.980 +of all, I think the premise that there is, + +57:09.100 --> 57:13.000 +that until we as designers come along, the + +57:13.000 --> 57:16.560 +world is a stagnant place. That people are + +57:16.560 --> 57:18.160 +basically sitting there doing the same + +57:18.160 --> 57:19.660 +thing over and over again and it's only + +57:19.660 --> 57:21.580 +when brilliant and innovative designers + +57:21.580 --> 57:23.600 +come on the scene that they say, oh, you + +57:23.600 --> 57:24.820 +know, we could be doing it differently. + +57:25.080 --> 57:27.140 +That's not my experience. Every workplace + +57:27.140 --> 57:29.860 +I've ever been in, there are people in the + +57:29.860 --> 57:32.940 +workplace who, not everyone, but there are + +57:32.940 --> 57:35.500 +always people who are pretty continually + +57:35.500 --> 57:38.460 +sort of reflecting in, you know, greater + +57:38.460 --> 57:39.840 +and lesser ways about what they're doing + +57:39.840 --> 57:41.420 +and trying to figure out how to do it + +57:41.420 --> 57:44.000 +differently. and our experience is that + +57:44.000 --> 57:46.160 +it's much more that it's hard to keep up + +57:46.160 --> 57:50.800 +with the dynamism of the organization of + +57:50.800 --> 57:53.340 +work practices than it is to get people to + +57:53.340 --> 57:57.800 +make any kinds of changes in what they're + +57:57.800 --> 58:01.300 +doing. So first of all, things aren't + +58:01.300 --> 58:03.120 +stagnant until we come along. And + +58:03.120 --> 58:06.640 +secondly, if we did come along and try to + +58:06.640 --> 58:10.240 +take an analysis of people's working + +58:10.240 --> 58:13.000 +practices as the basis for design, in the + +58:13.000 --> 58:15.080 +absence of any sort of imaginative + +58:15.080 --> 58:19.360 +activity, we might have a problem. We need + +58:19.360 --> 58:23.360 +to also engage in thinking about how + +58:23.360 --> 58:26.160 +things could be different. But the idea + +58:26.160 --> 58:28.140 +here is that, I mean, the crude way of + +58:28.140 --> 58:29.960 +putting this is it's better to design from + +58:29.960 --> 58:31.980 +knowledge than from ignorance, right? But + +58:31.980 --> 58:36.200 +I think that the goal that we're after is + +58:36.200 --> 58:40.980 +to try to get enough of a mutual + +58:40.980 --> 58:43.380 +understanding, and this comes very much + +58:43.380 --> 58:45.260 +out of the tradition of Scandinavian + +58:45.260 --> 58:47.120 +systems design that we've been deeply + +58:47.120 --> 58:50.120 +influenced by, the idea that people doing + +58:50.120 --> 58:53.020 +a particular kind of work using relevant + +58:53.020 --> 58:55.280 +technologies need to have enough of an + +58:55.280 --> 58:56.520 +understanding of what the technological + +58:56.520 --> 59:00.520 +possibilities are that they can engage in + +59:00.520 --> 59:03.120 +thinking intelligently about what the + +59:03.120 --> 59:05.100 +possibilities could be. And that's what + +59:05.100 --> 59:07.920 +our running prototype in this worksite is + +59:07.920 --> 59:10.520 +doing. It's giving people in the worksite + +59:10.520 --> 59:13.200 +the ability to imagine what the + +59:13.200 --> 59:14.880 +technology, to have enough of an + +59:14.880 --> 59:16.380 +understanding of what the technology does + +59:16.380 --> 59:17.980 +to be able to imagine what it could do. + +59:18.140 --> 59:21.060 +And similarly for us, we need not to + +59:21.060 --> 59:22.780 +become civil engineers. That would require + +59:22.780 --> 59:26.800 +many lifetimes to do that in all of the + +59:26.800 --> 59:29.880 +sites where we might want to design. But + +59:29.880 --> 59:31.220 +we need to develop enough of an + +59:31.220 --> 59:33.420 +appreciation for what their issues are + +59:33.420 --> 59:36.440 +that we, in turn, can think intelligently + +59:36.440 --> 59:39.420 +about their work. And doing the kind of + +59:39.420 --> 59:41.840 +projects that we're doing on site in the + +59:41.840 --> 59:44.040 +way that we're doing them enables that + +59:44.040 --> 59:47.720 +sort of collaboration so that you get what + +59:47.720 --> 59:49.940 +I think is a very powerful combination of + +59:49.940 --> 59:53.600 +grounded understanding of existing + +59:53.600 --> 59:58.800 +practice plus imagination of how things + +59:58.800 --> 01:00:02.580 +might be different. So I'll stop there and + +01:00:02.580 --> 01:00:05.980 +take questions. Yeah. What are your + +01:00:05.980 --> 01:00:09.120 +thoughts at the moment on purging and on + +01:00:09.120 --> 01:00:12.040 +archiving machine-readable forms? + +01:00:16.020 --> 01:00:20.480 +Well, if we get to stay around long enough + +01:00:20.480 --> 01:00:23.600 +we'll see because in terms of archiving + +01:00:23.600 --> 01:00:27.280 +it's a very explicit part of this project + +01:00:27.280 --> 01:00:31.040 +files process that a subset of the + +01:00:31.040 --> 01:00:33.000 +documents in the project files go into a + +01:00:33.000 --> 01:00:36.200 +history file. In paper. Now at the moment + +01:00:36.200 --> 01:00:38.740 +everything is in paper. So, but that means + +01:00:38.740 --> 01:00:40.300 +that if we have an online collection, + +01:00:40.660 --> 01:00:42.860 +eventually a subset of that online + +01:00:42.860 --> 01:00:46.440 +collection will need to be archived. And + +01:00:46.440 --> 01:00:50.620 +another, presumably some other documents + +01:00:50.620 --> 01:00:52.220 +that are useful in the course of the + +01:00:52.220 --> 01:00:54.080 +project will no longer be needed. I read + +01:00:54.080 --> 01:00:55.660 +an article in the New York News very + +01:00:55.660 --> 01:00:58.540 +recently about the fact that even DVDs are + +01:00:58.540 --> 01:01:01.020 +now known to deteriorate much more rapidly + +01:01:01.020 --> 01:01:04.000 +than anyone expected they would. Much + +01:01:04.000 --> 01:01:06.800 +faster than film, for example. And now + +01:01:06.800 --> 01:01:08.380 +this is a more general question to someone + +01:01:08.380 --> 01:01:12.820 +from PARC. What are you going to use to + +01:01:12.820 --> 01:01:15.680 +archive records? Yeah, I am not an + +01:01:15.680 --> 01:01:17.800 +archivist, but I think that, I know that's + +01:01:17.800 --> 01:01:20.200 +a really serious and pressing question + +01:01:20.200 --> 01:01:24.660 +because archivists know a lot about paper + +01:01:24.660 --> 01:01:27.500 +as a medium. And there's been a huge + +01:01:27.500 --> 01:01:31.140 +amount of work done to develop kinds of + +01:01:31.140 --> 01:01:33.320 +paper that are extremely durable, much + +01:01:33.320 --> 01:01:35.700 +more than we know or have done in relation + +01:01:35.700 --> 01:01:37.260 +to digital media. So I don't have the + +01:01:37.260 --> 01:01:39.700 +answer, but I think it's a very important + +01:01:39.700 --> 01:01:42.900 +question. Yeah? Have you looked at the + +01:01:42.900 --> 01:01:45.560 +change in practice after introduction of + +01:01:45.560 --> 01:01:47.180 +your prototype? You have a fascinating + +01:01:47.180 --> 01:01:49.380 +natural experiment. Any result from it? + +01:01:49.680 --> 01:01:52.300 +Oh, yeah. I mean, well, let's see. + +01:01:53.960 --> 01:01:57.060 +Obviously, before we were there, the + +01:01:57.060 --> 01:02:00.040 +practice was to take these documents and + +01:02:00.040 --> 01:02:02.440 +put them into the binders. and we've + +01:02:02.440 --> 01:02:07.000 +interjected an entire new sort of piece of + +01:02:07.000 --> 01:02:10.780 +work that we hope is going to be valuable + +01:02:10.780 --> 01:02:13.280 +enough that it's worth doing. At the + +01:02:13.280 --> 01:02:15.340 +moment, of course, they're doing both + +01:02:15.340 --> 01:02:17.340 +things so that after things are put into + +01:02:17.340 --> 01:02:19.040 +the online collection, they get put into + +01:02:19.040 --> 01:02:20.800 +the binders. I think it's... + +01:02:24.300 --> 01:02:26.860 +We've actually wondered what would be + +01:02:26.860 --> 01:02:30.140 +happening if we weren't there because the + +01:02:30.140 --> 01:02:34.500 +state of the documents that needed to go + +01:02:34.500 --> 01:02:36.800 +into the project files was reaching kind + +01:02:36.800 --> 01:02:40.720 +of a crisis point at the time when we + +01:02:40.720 --> 01:02:42.160 +actually got our prototype up and running. + +01:02:42.320 --> 01:02:43.520 +I mean there were just stacks of documents + +01:02:43.520 --> 01:02:46.900 +everywhere. It was out of control in part + +01:02:46.900 --> 01:02:48.840 +because the whole project is on an + +01:02:48.840 --> 01:02:50.960 +accelerated time frame and there's nobody + +01:02:50.960 --> 01:02:54.460 +to do that work. And so partly I think our + +01:02:54.460 --> 01:02:56.760 +being there, this this is a bit of a + +01:02:56.760 --> 01:02:58.580 +Hawthorne effect, but it's had now, I + +01:02:58.580 --> 01:02:59.960 +think, some really enduring consequences, + +01:03:00.300 --> 01:03:05.280 +was to raise the project files, both to + +01:03:05.280 --> 01:03:08.960 +raise their visibility within the team, + +01:03:09.180 --> 01:03:12.920 +and also we obviously put a lot of labor + +01:03:12.920 --> 01:03:15.120 +into getting the online collection + +01:03:15.120 --> 01:03:18.760 +together. I think what usually happens + +01:03:18.760 --> 01:03:20.840 +around the project files is that they're + +01:03:20.840 --> 01:03:25.040 +managed on an as-needed basis. So for a + +01:03:25.040 --> 01:03:27.180 +large part of the project people go along + +01:03:27.180 --> 01:03:29.900 +doing sort of crisis document search. They + +01:03:29.900 --> 01:03:31.580 +need to find something, they spend huge + +01:03:31.580 --> 01:03:34.680 +amounts of time searching through piles of + +01:03:34.680 --> 01:03:36.680 +documents. And then at the point where + +01:03:36.680 --> 01:03:38.600 +they're actually responsible for turning + +01:03:38.600 --> 01:03:41.420 +the collection over to someone else, they + +01:03:41.420 --> 01:03:44.160 +do a huge amount of work to pull the + +01:03:44.160 --> 01:03:45.700 +collection together. So the collection + +01:03:45.700 --> 01:03:48.620 +becomes more like a record than a useful + +01:03:48.620 --> 01:03:53.440 +resource in the actual work as it's going + +01:03:53.440 --> 01:03:57.520 +on. So I'm hoping that one of the effects + +01:03:57.520 --> 01:04:02.800 +of our intervention is to make the project + +01:04:02.800 --> 01:04:05.900 +files into much more of a sort of active + +01:04:05.900 --> 01:04:09.320 +resource and obviously cut down a great + +01:04:09.320 --> 01:04:10.560 +deal on the amount of time they spend + +01:04:10.560 --> 01:04:13.100 +searching through cardboard boxes and all + +01:04:13.100 --> 01:04:17.320 +the other stats that are around. Two + +01:04:17.320 --> 01:04:20.020 +questions. A lot of times people take old + +01:04:20.020 --> 01:04:21.780 +documents and modify them, either clipping + +01:04:21.780 --> 01:04:24.000 +notes to them or making changes to them. + +01:04:24.060 --> 01:04:25.460 +How do you handle that in the system? Are + +01:04:25.460 --> 01:04:26.660 +there multiple copies of the document, + +01:04:26.800 --> 01:04:30.140 +links or what? There are multiple copies, + +01:04:30.400 --> 01:04:33.040 +multiple versions of documents, and in a + +01:04:33.040 --> 01:04:35.520 +way that's fine. You know, we're one of, + +01:04:35.580 --> 01:04:38.640 +we don't worry, we've tried to keep an eye + +01:04:38.640 --> 01:04:41.040 +out for exact duplicates and not put exact + +01:04:41.040 --> 01:04:42.760 +duplicates in. But we've got many + +01:04:42.760 --> 01:04:44.980 +variations on documents with different + +01:04:44.980 --> 01:04:47.280 +annotations and I think one of the + +01:04:47.280 --> 01:04:49.500 +benefits of this kind of a system is that + +01:04:49.500 --> 01:04:52.120 +you can do that, you know, at a relatively + +01:04:52.120 --> 01:04:53.840 +low cost. And then when you do your + +01:04:53.840 --> 01:04:57.420 +search, you're going to get back all of + +01:04:57.420 --> 01:04:59.320 +the different versions and you can look + +01:04:59.320 --> 01:05:01.940 +for the one that you want. It's really up + +01:05:01.940 --> 01:05:05.300 +to them to decide which documents go into + +01:05:05.300 --> 01:05:07.420 +the collection. So I would say, you know, + +01:05:07.500 --> 01:05:11.060 +if something gets pulled out and modified, + +01:05:11.800 --> 01:05:13.540 +it's going to be their call whether it + +01:05:13.540 --> 01:05:16.240 +should then be rescanned in a new version. + +01:05:16.720 --> 01:05:18.300 +But we want to make the scanning easy + +01:05:18.300 --> 01:05:20.940 +enough that if you wanted to do that, it + +01:05:20.940 --> 01:05:22.440 +wouldn't be a big deal. The second + +01:05:22.440 --> 01:05:24.480 +question is, with the changing of the + +01:05:24.480 --> 01:05:27.820 +classification, How much of that is them + +01:05:27.820 --> 01:05:29.700 +learning the system and thinking about it + +01:05:29.700 --> 01:05:31.200 +for the first time versus they're moving + +01:05:31.200 --> 01:05:35.680 +on to different phases of the work? I + +01:05:35.680 --> 01:05:38.760 +think partly it's their thinking more + +01:05:38.760 --> 01:05:44.200 +about it. Partly their orientation to the + +01:05:44.200 --> 01:05:45.920 +classification scheme is tied to the + +01:05:45.920 --> 01:05:47.380 +particular thing that they're working on + +01:05:47.380 --> 01:05:49.640 +at the moment. For example, we just had a + +01:05:49.640 --> 01:05:52.940 +major revision to the filing system by one + +01:05:52.940 --> 01:05:55.440 +of the engineers who was given + +01:05:55.440 --> 01:05:58.400 +responsibility for doing some work around + +01:05:58.400 --> 01:06:01.480 +all of the task orders to consultants. So + +01:06:01.480 --> 01:06:04.180 +he was focused on the task orders to + +01:06:04.180 --> 01:06:06.020 +consultants. He looked at the previous + +01:06:06.020 --> 01:06:08.420 +classification scheme, and he didn't like + +01:06:08.420 --> 01:06:10.780 +the ways in which, you know, he was + +01:06:10.780 --> 01:06:11.980 +actually going to look for those things, + +01:06:12.020 --> 01:06:13.820 +and they were interspersed in ways that he + +01:06:13.820 --> 01:06:15.260 +didn't like, and he wanted to create a new + +01:06:15.260 --> 01:06:18.180 +category for them. So it's very much + +01:06:18.180 --> 01:06:22.200 +occasioned by you turn to do a particular + +01:06:22.200 --> 01:06:27.500 +task and you then find things that matter + +01:06:27.500 --> 01:06:29.840 +to you. And I think that kind of + +01:06:29.840 --> 01:06:32.240 +interweaving of the design of the + +01:06:32.240 --> 01:06:34.920 +classification scheme and the ongoing work + +01:06:34.920 --> 01:06:37.460 +is critical. You've got to be able to sort + +01:06:37.460 --> 01:06:39.320 +of work back and forth between the two. It + +01:06:39.320 --> 01:06:41.420 +doesn't happen all at once at the + +01:06:41.420 --> 01:06:44.040 +beginning. And it doesn't even happen at + +01:06:44.040 --> 01:06:47.080 +sort of predictable times. It happens as + +01:06:47.080 --> 01:06:50.120 +the spirit moves you and you actually + +01:06:50.120 --> 01:06:55.340 +care, then you focus on it. Yeah? I + +01:06:55.340 --> 01:06:58.800 +noticed in my experience, if I have some + +01:06:58.800 --> 01:07:04.100 +kind of archives, I put them on my desk so + +01:07:04.100 --> 01:07:06.460 +that I can remember that I need to look at + +01:07:06.460 --> 01:07:08.840 +these things. I'm wondering if you guys + +01:07:08.840 --> 01:07:11.320 +have thought about that in terms of those + +01:07:11.320 --> 01:07:12.860 +documents are actually a trigger to + +01:07:12.860 --> 01:07:14.700 +remember things. If they're in some kind + +01:07:14.700 --> 01:07:17.820 +of electronic form, it may not be as good + +01:07:17.820 --> 01:07:19.700 +of a trigger. Right, absolutely. I think + +01:07:19.700 --> 01:07:21.420 +the difference between having things sort + +01:07:21.420 --> 01:07:25.120 +of enclosed in a workstation and spread + +01:07:25.120 --> 01:07:29.260 +around is very important. In a way, that's + +01:07:29.260 --> 01:07:30.960 +about how things move between this sort of + +01:07:30.960 --> 01:07:33.940 +active and working status. But I think + +01:07:33.940 --> 01:07:35.240 +there are interesting possibilities, + +01:07:35.500 --> 01:07:38.100 +again, for new kinds of integration there. + +01:07:38.100 --> 01:07:40.060 +I mean one of the things that people at + +01:07:40.060 --> 01:07:41.680 +PARCC have been working on for a long time + +01:07:41.680 --> 01:07:46.980 +are these glyphs, basically barcode type + +01:07:46.980 --> 01:07:51.000 +images that you could put onto documents + +01:07:51.000 --> 01:07:55.260 +that are instructions for a machine + +01:07:55.260 --> 01:07:59.320 +readable. So one of the ideas is that you + +01:07:59.320 --> 01:08:02.140 +could have, it's been called document + +01:08:02.140 --> 01:08:04.500 +tokens, or let's say you have, I mean I've + +01:08:04.500 --> 01:08:05.760 +always thought it would be nice to have + +01:08:05.760 --> 01:08:08.160 +paper file cabinets, minutes, but instead + +01:08:08.160 --> 01:08:10.480 +of the whole papers I'd have first pages. + +01:08:11.460 --> 01:08:15.140 +And then you could take out that page and + +01:08:15.140 --> 01:08:18.620 +stick it into a scanner and get the whole + +01:08:18.620 --> 01:08:21.680 +document back out again. So variations on + +01:08:21.680 --> 01:08:24.040 +how we could both have those sort of + +01:08:24.040 --> 01:08:26.700 +mnemonic cues, but maybe not have in every + +01:08:26.700 --> 01:08:28.520 +case the whole document sitting around, + +01:08:28.760 --> 01:08:32.040 +for example. But that kind of playing with + +01:08:32.040 --> 01:08:34.120 +the relationship between the paper and the + +01:08:34.120 --> 01:08:37.140 +digital I think is really interesting, + +01:08:37.340 --> 01:08:40.860 +much more interesting direction than + +01:08:40.860 --> 01:08:43.760 +thinking about the paperless office. I + +01:08:43.760 --> 01:08:45.500 +think it would be interesting to see that + +01:08:45.500 --> 01:08:48.800 +people, a lot of people have personal post + +01:08:48.800 --> 01:08:51.320 +-it notes where although the documents are + +01:08:51.320 --> 01:08:52.720 +shared between everyone, there's some kind + +01:08:52.720 --> 01:08:55.120 +of system locally on their computer where + +01:08:55.120 --> 01:08:56.800 +they can add post-it notes to the files + +01:08:56.800 --> 01:08:58.880 +that represent their own files. Right. + +01:08:58.900 --> 01:09:00.660 +Well, if we're imagining this as a web + +01:09:00.660 --> 01:09:02.700 +-based thing, people should be able to + +01:09:02.700 --> 01:09:03.980 +create their own sub-collections. + +01:09:03.980 --> 01:09:05.440 +collections, people should be able to have + +01:09:05.440 --> 01:09:07.400 +their own sets of bookmarks obviously and + +01:09:07.400 --> 01:09:10.700 +do sort of personalized subsets of the + +01:09:10.700 --> 01:09:13.240 +project files. We've got a lot of post-its + +01:09:13.240 --> 01:09:14.840 +in the project files. We've been very + +01:09:14.840 --> 01:09:17.140 +conscientious about scanning everything, + +01:09:17.420 --> 01:09:19.900 +right? So we scan post-its and sometimes + +01:09:19.900 --> 01:09:22.500 +if it's a post-it that obscures the + +01:09:22.500 --> 01:09:24.740 +document, we'll do it twice so we'll have + +01:09:24.740 --> 01:09:26.760 +an image of the document with the post-it + +01:09:26.760 --> 01:09:28.640 +and then the page behind it, right? But + +01:09:28.640 --> 01:09:31.480 +those sorts of things, we take those + +01:09:31.480 --> 01:09:36.780 +seriously. Yeah? Have you started to + +01:09:36.780 --> 01:09:39.360 +gather any evidence on how people, without + +01:09:39.360 --> 01:09:41.860 +using both the paper files and the online + +01:09:41.860 --> 01:09:43.740 +version, are they starting, I mean, do you + +01:09:43.740 --> 01:09:45.640 +find them turning to search in one or the + +01:09:45.640 --> 01:09:48.800 +other? Yeah, I think it's too early to say + +01:09:48.800 --> 01:09:50.840 +that. We've been so focused on building + +01:09:50.840 --> 01:09:53.220 +this collection that we're just beginning. + +01:09:53.440 --> 01:09:55.220 +It's just now getting to the point where + +01:09:55.220 --> 01:09:59.340 +it's substantial enough, And it's, I think + +01:09:59.340 --> 01:10:01.800 +we're passing that threshold where we've + +01:10:01.800 --> 01:10:03.440 +got enough documents in the collection and + +01:10:03.440 --> 01:10:05.880 +it's going to be enough easier to find + +01:10:05.880 --> 01:10:08.560 +things in the collection than on paper + +01:10:08.560 --> 01:10:11.700 +that the search will really start. But + +01:10:11.700 --> 01:10:14.180 +that's where we're focused at the moment + +01:10:14.180 --> 01:10:16.620 +and I think it's too soon to say. We've + +01:10:16.620 --> 01:10:19.080 +gotten reports of, you know, I found a + +01:10:19.080 --> 01:10:21.040 +document using your system that I hadn't + +01:10:21.040 --> 01:10:23.260 +been able to find. But the sense I have is + +01:10:23.260 --> 01:10:27.880 +that it's still people probably go first + +01:10:27.880 --> 01:10:30.080 +to look for the thing on paper and then if + +01:10:30.080 --> 01:10:31.800 +they can't find it, they go to the system. + +01:10:31.960 --> 01:10:36.280 +We really have to get the system much more + +01:10:36.280 --> 01:10:38.880 +sort of on people's desktops so that, you + +01:10:38.880 --> 01:10:41.040 +know, we've put a bookmark on Dave's + +01:10:41.040 --> 01:10:43.680 +machine and we've made little cheat sheets + +01:10:43.680 --> 01:10:45.980 +about how easy it is to do search. But + +01:10:45.980 --> 01:10:47.540 +people aren't quite into it yet. yet they + +01:10:47.540 --> 01:10:50.120 +still view the intern as the kind of, that + +01:10:50.120 --> 01:10:51.680 +they'll go to him and he'll do an online + +01:10:51.680 --> 01:10:53.340 +search for them. So we're, I think, very + +01:10:53.340 --> 01:10:55.500 +much still in that process. + +01:10:59.660 --> 01:11:01.400 +Right. Well, I think that's going to + +01:11:01.400 --> 01:11:03.320 +depend on the document. In some cases, I + +01:11:03.320 --> 01:11:05.340 +think they'll print it out. In some cases, + +01:11:05.340 --> 01:11:06.740 +they'll want to go back and find the + +01:11:06.740 --> 01:11:11.680 +original. Yeah. I saw images of drawings, + +01:11:11.880 --> 01:11:15.240 +but I haven't read the CAD files. Right. + +01:11:15.240 --> 01:11:17.340 +They actually handle their CAD files, + +01:11:17.560 --> 01:11:21.580 +their actual plans separately from the + +01:11:21.580 --> 01:11:25.040 +project files at this point. And so we + +01:11:25.040 --> 01:11:29.120 +don't have, we have some printouts of + +01:11:29.120 --> 01:11:33.260 +plans that, you know, have some historical + +01:11:33.260 --> 01:11:35.380 +relationship to the current project. But + +01:11:35.380 --> 01:11:37.900 +their actual working CAD files are treated + +01:11:37.900 --> 01:11:42.880 +totally separately and are much more, at + +01:11:42.880 --> 01:11:46.620 +this point, online. than the rest of these + +01:11:46.620 --> 01:11:51.340 +documents. So not at this point. But + +01:11:51.340 --> 01:11:54.000 +that's going to be important eventually to + +01:11:54.000 --> 01:11:58.180 +do that. Yeah. You have been mentioning + +01:11:58.180 --> 01:12:01.520 +that there is a growing need to keep care + +01:12:01.520 --> 01:12:04.540 +of the coding. I mean, there is a kind of + +01:12:04.540 --> 01:12:08.000 +of all this stuff. And when the project + +01:12:08.000 --> 01:12:12.540 +gets larger, do you foresee the need to + +01:12:12.540 --> 01:12:14.500 +have someone taking care care of the + +01:12:14.500 --> 01:12:17.220 +Cesarus and then possibly undermining the + +01:12:17.220 --> 01:12:20.020 +economic benefits of the system or the + +01:12:20.460 --> 01:12:21.840 +benefits in terms of, is that the + +01:12:21.840 --> 01:12:24.720 +engineers caring for the Cesarus will + +01:12:24.720 --> 01:12:26.700 +overcome the fact that someone will have + +01:12:26.700 --> 01:12:28.680 +to be professionally involved in keeping + +01:12:28.680 --> 01:12:30.940 +the Cesarus? I do think that in order to + +01:12:30.940 --> 01:12:33.160 +get the value from the system, there will + +01:12:33.160 --> 01:12:35.260 +need to be some human resources invested + +01:12:35.260 --> 01:12:39.340 +in, particularly in the ongoing + +01:12:39.340 --> 01:12:41.820 +modification and maintenance of the + +01:12:41.820 --> 01:12:43.660 +collection, the kinds of things where we + +01:12:43.660 --> 01:12:45.900 +want to make a substantial enough change + +01:12:45.900 --> 01:12:48.360 +to the classification scheme that + +01:12:48.360 --> 01:12:50.060 +something's got to run over the collection + +01:12:50.060 --> 01:12:53.380 +and bring it up to date. And I think that + +01:12:53.380 --> 01:12:55.900 +is a new role that's really going to be + +01:12:55.900 --> 01:12:59.120 +crucial, which I would see as a relatively + +01:12:59.120 --> 01:13:01.600 +small investment that has the potential of + +01:13:01.600 --> 01:13:04.080 +actually making the rest of the investment + +01:13:04.080 --> 01:13:07.660 +pay off. But those are the kinds of, I + +01:13:07.660 --> 01:13:09.180 +think, really hard issues, practical + +01:13:09.180 --> 01:13:14.100 +issues around getting a system like this + +01:13:14.100 --> 01:13:18.020 +really implemented in an organization. Do + +01:13:18.020 --> 01:13:20.120 +you know if there was someone in the past + +01:13:20.120 --> 01:13:23.120 +before the cuts in the budgets that would + +01:13:23.120 --> 01:13:24.720 +do this work? So the technology is + +01:13:24.720 --> 01:13:26.400 +bringing back a figure that was there. + +01:13:26.600 --> 01:13:30.240 +Well in a way there is a, for example, one + +01:13:30.240 --> 01:13:34.220 +of the engineers now keeps a copy of the + +01:13:34.220 --> 01:13:36.800 +UFS, us actually uses an Excel spreadsheet + +01:13:36.800 --> 01:13:39.140 +because interesting I'm not quite sure why + +01:13:39.140 --> 01:13:40.600 +but I think because he likes all the + +01:13:40.600 --> 01:13:42.660 +columns and rows and everything and he + +01:13:42.660 --> 01:13:46.300 +actually goes in and edits edits that and + +01:13:46.300 --> 01:13:49.020 +so what what that would mean now is you + +01:13:49.020 --> 01:13:52.560 +get your new uniform filing system and + +01:13:52.560 --> 01:13:54.340 +then you'd have to go back and and make + +01:13:54.340 --> 01:13:56.100 +sure your binders were you know + +01:13:56.100 --> 01:13:58.240 +synchronized with that so there is a kind + +01:13:58.240 --> 01:14:00.120 +of version of it now but it involves a + +01:14:00.120 --> 01:14:01.980 +very different set of skills And we're + +01:14:01.980 --> 01:14:03.800 +talking about some programming skills here + +01:14:03.800 --> 01:14:05.360 +that take you into whole other + +01:14:05.360 --> 01:14:07.520 +departments. Then you get into the + +01:14:07.520 --> 01:14:09.560 +information systems department and you're + +01:14:09.560 --> 01:14:12.420 +into an entirely new sort of place in the + +01:14:12.420 --> 01:14:16.120 +organization. So it's, yeah. Have you + +01:14:16.120 --> 01:14:19.980 +found that formalizing + +01:14:19.980 --> 01:14:22.360 +the work processes and work flows, the + +01:14:22.360 --> 01:14:25.180 +roles of the people help you in figuring + +01:14:25.180 --> 01:14:26.900 +out what kind of coding system would be + +01:14:26.900 --> 01:14:29.800 +helpful? My immediate answer is no. I + +01:14:29.800 --> 01:14:31.060 +guess I should think about it a little bit + +01:14:31.060 --> 01:14:35.560 +more. I mean, it's so dynamic. They're + +01:14:35.560 --> 01:14:38.840 +constantly negotiating their sort of + +01:14:38.840 --> 01:14:40.960 +working division of labor within the + +01:14:40.960 --> 01:14:43.040 +group. And I mean, there are frameworks + +01:14:43.040 --> 01:14:47.900 +that come down centrally. There's a large + +01:14:47.900 --> 01:14:51.580 +procedure manual for projects at Caltrans, + +01:14:51.680 --> 01:14:54.900 +which is really a framework for, you know, + +01:14:54.900 --> 01:14:56.920 +here here are the sort of basic components + +01:14:56.920 --> 01:15:00.640 +of what you need to, what needs to shape a + +01:15:00.640 --> 01:15:03.620 +project. And then, you know, the lead + +01:15:03.620 --> 01:15:05.800 +engineers for the individual projects have + +01:15:05.800 --> 01:15:08.080 +a huge amount of discretion in the way + +01:15:08.080 --> 01:15:09.980 +that they organize their particular team, + +01:15:10.140 --> 01:15:12.440 +and that's changing all the time with the + +01:15:12.440 --> 01:15:14.140 +different phases of the project as they + +01:15:14.140 --> 01:15:15.800 +see what's working and what's not working. + +01:15:16.080 --> 01:15:18.540 +So I think it's such a moving target that, + +01:15:18.600 --> 01:15:21.320 +you know, a lot of what I've been talking + +01:15:21.320 --> 01:15:23.300 +about is trying to provide a kind of + +01:15:23.300 --> 01:15:28.040 +toolkit kit or a suite of resources that + +01:15:28.040 --> 01:15:29.760 +can be picked up and combined and + +01:15:29.760 --> 01:15:31.940 +recombined very flexibly. And that's + +01:15:31.940 --> 01:15:34.780 +essential because their own division of + +01:15:34.780 --> 01:15:38.080 +labor and their roles in the organization + +01:15:38.080 --> 01:15:43.560 +of the work is so dynamic. So in this kind + +01:15:43.560 --> 01:15:45.980 +of situation I'm not much of a believer in + +01:15:45.980 --> 01:15:48.420 +in, well, some of you know I'm not much of + +01:15:48.420 --> 01:15:51.180 +a believer in workflow, but definitely for + +01:15:51.180 --> 01:15:55.440 +this kind of worksite. I guess I was + +01:15:55.440 --> 01:15:57.100 +thinking at the document level thinking + +01:15:57.100 --> 01:16:00.940 +about flows and uses. That would help you. + +01:16:01.380 --> 01:16:03.500 +And whether there is then some meta models + +01:16:03.500 --> 01:16:05.820 +that would emerge. Well, I think the + +01:16:05.820 --> 01:16:07.200 +problem is that I think what you could + +01:16:07.200 --> 01:16:09.100 +come up with would be very schematic. It + +01:16:09.100 --> 01:16:10.840 +would be useful, but it would be very + +01:16:10.840 --> 01:16:15.820 +schematic. and the actual use would take + +01:16:15.820 --> 01:16:20.280 +you off into very sort of circumstantially + +01:16:20.280 --> 01:16:25.020 +organized cases that, I mean, at this + +01:16:25.020 --> 01:16:28.600 +point we haven't felt any need. I mean, + +01:16:28.600 --> 01:16:30.780 +obviously you could come along and + +01:16:30.780 --> 01:16:34.200 +describe the organization of work that's + +01:16:34.200 --> 01:16:38.680 +been set up in a model, but it's not clear + +01:16:38.680 --> 01:16:40.540 +to me what value it would have at this + +01:16:40.540 --> 01:16:40.800 +point. + +01:16:44.200 --> 01:16:49.060 +I wanted to ask, what are some of the, + +01:16:49.180 --> 01:16:51.300 +what you might call the innovation to come + +01:16:51.300 --> 01:16:54.140 +in the scanner as a product? I was trying + +01:16:54.140 --> 01:16:55.680 +to get your impression. It's one of the + +01:16:55.680 --> 01:16:58.140 +more labor intensive parts in this + +01:16:58.140 --> 01:17:02.540 +process. Are we expecting some new product + +01:17:02.540 --> 01:17:04.720 +from Xerox to replace the scanner as we + +01:17:04.720 --> 01:17:08.560 +know it today? Not that I can think of. I + +01:17:08.560 --> 01:17:10.520 +mean scanners, I don't, you know, scanners + +01:17:10.520 --> 01:17:14.500 +are great. I'm a great fan of scanners at + +01:17:14.500 --> 01:17:16.620 +this point. I think the software that + +01:17:16.620 --> 01:17:19.500 +controls the scanner is critical. And, I + +01:17:19.500 --> 01:17:21.460 +mean, I will definitely put in a plug for + +01:17:21.460 --> 01:17:25.600 +Pages. Pages Pro 2.0 is what we've been + +01:17:25.600 --> 01:17:26.980 +using. It's a wonderful application + +01:17:26.980 --> 01:17:29.200 +because it actually lets you see what + +01:17:29.200 --> 01:17:31.980 +you're doing. And it lets you go in and + +01:17:31.980 --> 01:17:35.360 +very, very easily, you get a row of + +01:17:35.360 --> 01:17:38.720 +thumbnails. You can reorder them. You can + +01:17:38.720 --> 01:17:42.920 +rotate things so that you can very, very + +01:17:42.920 --> 01:17:48.300 +easily, manually, but very easily make + +01:17:48.300 --> 01:17:51.040 +sure that the online document that you + +01:17:51.040 --> 01:17:53.400 +scan actually looks the way that you want + +01:17:53.400 --> 01:17:55.400 +it to look. Now, you can get, and + +01:17:55.400 --> 01:17:57.640 +actually, Pages also has wonderful sort of + +01:17:57.640 --> 01:17:59.820 +automatic de-skewing. And you can watch + +01:17:59.820 --> 01:18:01.540 +that happen too. It's very entertaining. + +01:18:01.720 --> 01:18:03.260 +You sit there and you see your little + +01:18:03.260 --> 01:18:04.920 +document get scanned and come up, and then + +01:18:04.920 --> 01:18:07.820 +you see pages align it, fix its alignment, + +01:18:07.900 --> 01:18:11.520 +and you go, oh, that's great. So I think + +01:18:11.520 --> 01:18:13.320 +it's a very, very nice piece of software + +01:18:13.320 --> 01:18:16.040 +because, as I say, it makes everything + +01:18:16.040 --> 01:18:17.860 +that's happening so visible. You can both + +01:18:17.860 --> 01:18:20.580 +see the things that you need to see in + +01:18:20.580 --> 01:18:22.500 +order to do the stuff manually that you + +01:18:22.500 --> 01:18:25.000 +need to do, and you can watch it doing + +01:18:25.000 --> 01:18:28.420 +what it's doing automatically. and you + +01:18:28.420 --> 01:18:30.160 +know you need some entertainment while + +01:18:30.160 --> 01:18:32.780 +you're doing this so it's helpful. + +01:18:37.380 --> 01:18:40.780 +Any others? I think we've exhausted + +01:18:40.780 --> 01:18:49.140 +ourselves. so how do + +01:18:49.140 --> 01:18:52.780 +they maintain + +01:18:52.780 --> 01:18:55.760 +the integrity of the binders so you don't + +01:18:55.760 --> 01:18:57.280 +have everybody looking and saying oh I + +01:18:57.280 --> 01:18:59.080 +need that and it just sprang to their desk + +01:18:59.080 --> 01:19:01.360 +it may or may not get back into that + +01:19:01.360 --> 01:19:03.660 +binder or it may not get back anywhere + +01:19:03.660 --> 01:19:05.940 +It's a problem. It's a problem. It's a + +01:19:05.940 --> 01:19:07.540 +problem. It's a problem. And that's + +01:19:07.540 --> 01:19:09.300 +actually a problem, you know, again, which + +01:19:09.300 --> 01:19:12.500 +this would help address because you can + +01:19:12.500 --> 01:19:14.200 +print out a copy of the document and it's + +01:19:14.200 --> 01:19:18.920 +still there. All right, thanks a lot. + +01:19:36.980 --> 01:19:38.380 +Yeah. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/wz130pm0515_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/baseline/wz130pm0515_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cbba096 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/wz130pm0515_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,5153 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:16.940 --> 00:21.580 +All right. Welcome to CS547. I've just got + +00:21.580 --> 00:25.200 +a few words of administrative stuff. The + +00:25.200 --> 00:27.320 +official sign-in list is right here. It + +00:27.320 --> 00:28.700 +should have everyone's name on it who was + +00:28.700 --> 00:30.680 +here last time. Just give your signature + +00:30.680 --> 00:32.820 +next to it, and that should be enough. If + +00:32.820 --> 00:34.340 +you're not on the list, just put your name + +00:34.340 --> 00:35.980 +at the end. And we've also had some + +00:35.980 --> 00:39.160 +problems in the past with the list sort of + +00:39.160 --> 00:41.060 +being stuck over here. So if you're + +00:41.060 --> 00:42.320 +holding the list over here and it's not + +00:42.320 --> 00:43.960 +going anywhere, make sure it gets over + +00:43.960 --> 00:46.040 +there because that seems to be a perpetual + +00:46.040 --> 00:50.020 +problem. And subbing for today is Karen + +00:50.020 --> 00:51.180 +Butler, and she's going to give an + +00:51.180 --> 00:55.480 +introduction. Yes, I'm substituting for + +00:55.480 --> 00:58.100 +Professor Winograd today. and I just + +00:58.100 --> 01:00.680 +wanted to briefly introduce our speaker + +01:00.680 --> 01:06.120 +for today. Lucy Suchman was one of the + +01:06.120 --> 01:08.520 +first to apply anthropology to the whole + +01:08.520 --> 01:12.600 +area of human-computer interaction. She is + +01:12.600 --> 01:15.300 +the author of Plans and Situated Actions, + +01:15.360 --> 01:16.880 +which came out of her dissertation work. + +01:16.880 --> 01:20.500 +and she has been working at Xerox PARC for + +01:20.500 --> 01:25.660 +several years where she's head of the is + +01:25.660 --> 01:29.220 +it product work practices area and where + +01:29.220 --> 01:31.080 +she's really an expert in work patterns + +01:31.080 --> 01:32.620 +and applying this whole area so she's + +01:32.620 --> 01:34.260 +going to be speaking us to us today about + +01:34.260 --> 01:37.760 +some of her work in this area thank you + +01:46.880 --> 01:47.000 +OK. + +01:59.220 --> 02:01.880 +Oh, it's the left-right problem, I see. + +02:05.300 --> 02:09.340 +I have to reverse the little clip. + +02:21.640 --> 02:25.480 +Okay, is that as it's supposed to be as + +02:25.480 --> 02:30.400 +far as you can tell? Okay, my talk today + +02:30.400 --> 02:33.860 +is, the title is Putting Working Document + +02:33.860 --> 02:36.440 +Collections Online, and I'm going to use a + +02:36.440 --> 02:38.780 +current project that I'm involved with as + +02:38.780 --> 02:42.280 +a kind of illustration of the work that I + +02:42.280 --> 02:44.820 +and my colleagues at Xerox PARC have been + +02:44.820 --> 02:47.620 +doing, and this is very much a joint + +02:47.620 --> 02:50.420 +project with my colleagues Jeanette + +02:50.420 --> 02:52.520 +Blomberg, who's also an anthropologist, + +02:53.180 --> 02:55.500 +Randy Trigg, who's a computer scientist, + +02:55.720 --> 02:57.020 +and David Levy, who's a computer + +02:57.020 --> 02:59.400 +scientist. So this is a thoroughly + +02:59.400 --> 03:02.500 +collaborative effort that I'm presenting + +03:02.500 --> 03:06.180 +to you today. And as you'll see, the title + +03:06.180 --> 03:08.120 +is Putting Working Document Collections + +03:08.120 --> 03:11.040 +Online. That's sort of the more general + +03:11.040 --> 03:13.240 +project, and then the more specific + +03:13.240 --> 03:14.680 +instance of it that I'm going to be + +03:14.680 --> 03:17.000 +talking about is located in a particular + +03:17.000 --> 03:20.020 +organization, namely our beloved State + +03:20.020 --> 03:22.380 +Department of Transportation, Caltrans. + +03:23.560 --> 03:27.200 +And you'll hear a lot more about that as I + +03:27.200 --> 03:32.760 +go along. I wanted to start out by showing + +03:32.760 --> 03:36.940 +you one model of the problem of current + +03:36.940 --> 03:39.720 +design practice and how to address it. And + +03:39.720 --> 03:42.660 +I'm showing you this because this is not + +03:42.660 --> 03:46.600 +our model. And I'll let you digest it + +03:46.600 --> 03:46.800 +here. + +03:53.120 --> 03:56.440 +So this wonderful cartoon, which I like + +03:56.440 --> 03:59.860 +very much, posits a particular view of + +03:59.860 --> 04:02.540 +what the problem might be with existing + +04:02.540 --> 04:04.460 +design practice and how it might be + +04:04.460 --> 04:07.720 +corrected. And we're interested in viewing + +04:07.720 --> 04:11.040 +both sides of this in a very different + +04:11.040 --> 04:14.280 +way. You know, we see this not as a + +04:14.280 --> 04:16.980 +behavioral problem of individual + +04:16.980 --> 04:19.800 +designers, but as a very complex and + +04:19.800 --> 04:23.520 +multifaceted problem that really includes + +04:23.520 --> 04:26.660 +how design as a practice is currently + +04:26.660 --> 04:32.600 +located within what I think are two self + +04:32.600 --> 04:35.380 +-contained sort of insular environments + +04:35.380 --> 04:37.540 +environments and sort of overly + +04:37.540 --> 04:39.400 +professionalized world so that even + +04:39.400 --> 04:42.080 +designers, practicing designers who would + +04:42.080 --> 04:44.340 +really like to do things in a different + +04:44.340 --> 04:46.720 +way find it quite difficult to do that. + +04:46.880 --> 04:49.080 +And it shifts from being a kind of a + +04:49.080 --> 04:51.340 +psychological problem to being a social + +04:51.340 --> 04:55.180 +problem and one that implicates I think a + +04:55.180 --> 04:57.840 +fairly broad range of forms of social + +04:57.840 --> 04:59.960 +change if we really want want to address + +04:59.960 --> 05:02.940 +it that have to do with how the working + +05:02.940 --> 05:05.820 +relationships of technology production and + +05:05.820 --> 05:08.700 +use are currently organized. I'm not going + +05:08.700 --> 05:11.400 +to elaborate on that today, but that's + +05:11.400 --> 05:14.860 +kind of a framing for how we're looking at + +05:14.860 --> 05:18.160 +the question of design practice and + +05:18.160 --> 05:23.420 +potential changes and improvements to it. + +05:25.000 --> 05:28.980 +And let me give you, just to continue the + +05:28.980 --> 05:31.740 +prelude here a little bit longer, another + +05:31.740 --> 05:34.720 +kind of motivating view of our motivating + +05:34.720 --> 05:38.620 +problem. Any of you who have heard me talk + +05:38.620 --> 05:40.280 +before have probably seen this slide + +05:40.280 --> 05:42.600 +because I'm very fond of it. I apologize + +05:42.600 --> 05:46.300 +for any repetition. But it's an image + +05:46.300 --> 05:49.980 +that's taken from an ad in a computing + +05:49.980 --> 05:53.260 +magazine a few years back. and the + +05:53.260 --> 05:56.520 +question that it asks is why do this at + +05:56.520 --> 05:58.280 +the top you have the sort of proverbial + +05:58.280 --> 06:00.560 +paper napkin on which brilliant ideas have + +06:00.560 --> 06:02.580 +been scribbled over the course of a lunch + +06:02.580 --> 06:05.280 +and so the question is why do this use a + +06:05.280 --> 06:07.680 +paper napkin when you can do this and it's + +06:07.680 --> 06:09.560 +a little hard to see but we've got these + +06:09.560 --> 06:11.980 +two guys sitting at a very small table and + +06:11.980 --> 06:14.700 +they have a laptop in between them and of + +06:14.700 --> 06:16.220 +course it's not clear you know where they + +06:16.220 --> 06:18.300 +would put their lunch or their napkins or + +06:18.300 --> 06:20.200 +whatever but you know it's a little bit of + +06:20.200 --> 06:23.940 +poetic or artistic license here. And the + +06:23.940 --> 06:26.880 +project that we've taken on, I think of it + +06:26.880 --> 06:29.120 +as taking this as a serious question. So + +06:29.120 --> 06:31.280 +rather than treating it as a kind of + +06:31.280 --> 06:33.100 +rhetorical question, as I think the + +06:33.100 --> 06:34.860 +writers of this ad copy do, you know, the + +06:34.860 --> 06:36.700 +answer to this question is self-evident, + +06:36.780 --> 06:39.080 +we're saying, well, you know, what might + +06:39.080 --> 06:41.480 +be the reasons that you would do this + +06:41.480 --> 06:44.920 +given the opportunity to do that? And that + +06:44.920 --> 06:49.460 +starts by taking existing artifacts + +06:49.460 --> 06:53.320 +seriously. Paper napkins as, you know, for + +06:53.320 --> 06:56.420 +us an extremely relevant artifact in so + +06:56.420 --> 06:58.040 +far as, in this case, it's been turned + +06:58.040 --> 07:00.400 +into a document. And that's what we're + +07:00.400 --> 07:02.920 +interested in at Xerox. But so let's start + +07:02.920 --> 07:05.640 +by seeing what are the media that people + +07:05.640 --> 07:07.540 +are using at present. And what are the + +07:07.540 --> 07:09.300 +particular resources that those media + +07:09.300 --> 07:12.100 +provide? and have that as a background + +07:12.100 --> 07:14.580 +that informs the answer to the question, + +07:14.820 --> 07:18.140 +how is the introduction of new media, how + +07:18.140 --> 07:19.780 +does the introduction of new media relate + +07:19.780 --> 07:23.360 +to the use of existing media? So we want + +07:23.360 --> 07:25.320 +to take it as a serious question. We also + +07:25.320 --> 07:29.280 +want to, again, I think that this image + +07:29.280 --> 07:32.340 +assumes that we're in a situation where + +07:32.340 --> 07:34.540 +we're going from one medium to the next. + +07:34.660 --> 07:36.000 +So it's going to be a wholesale + +07:36.000 --> 07:39.220 +displacement transformation. this is the + +07:39.220 --> 07:43.020 +paperless office sort of fantasy. And + +07:43.020 --> 07:47.680 +instead, we're going to assume that we are + +07:47.680 --> 07:49.640 +now and will continue to be living in a + +07:49.640 --> 07:54.140 +world made up of multiple media. That for + +07:54.140 --> 07:57.760 +a lot of both practical reasons, paper is + +07:57.760 --> 07:59.600 +going to be staying around. It's just + +07:59.600 --> 08:01.800 +tremendously, there's a very, very + +08:01.800 --> 08:05.000 +extensive investment in paper media that + +08:05.000 --> 08:07.140 +can't be transformed overnight. night and + +08:07.140 --> 08:11.200 +also of course as people like my + +08:11.200 --> 08:13.680 +colleagues Abby Sellin and Richard Harper + +08:13.680 --> 08:16.520 +at the Cambridge lab of Xerox have pointed + +08:16.520 --> 08:19.460 +out paper has certain affordances that are + +08:19.460 --> 08:22.700 +that are quite powerful and effective so + +08:22.700 --> 08:24.960 +for both practical reasons and because + +08:24.960 --> 08:29.120 +paper is a useful medium we are going to + +08:29.120 --> 08:30.720 +continue to live in a world that's made up + +08:30.720 --> 08:35.320 +of multiple media and the sense I have is + +08:35.320 --> 08:37.600 +that you know we might just be becoming + +08:37.600 --> 08:39.940 +sophisticated enough technologically that + +08:39.940 --> 08:44.040 +we can actually design for a world that + +08:44.040 --> 08:46.140 +includes both paper and digital media and + +08:46.140 --> 08:49.040 +that involves of course making it much + +08:49.040 --> 08:52.420 +easier for people to move between those + +08:52.420 --> 08:54.700 +media so that's the goal is supporting + +08:54.700 --> 08:56.960 +multiple media and and relations between + +08:56.960 --> 08:59.080 +them rather than you know transforming + +08:59.080 --> 09:03.500 +ourselves from paper to digital. And then + +09:03.500 --> 09:06.580 +finally the kind of reworking that we want + +09:06.580 --> 09:10.680 +to do of this image is rather than taking + +09:10.680 --> 09:13.100 +the artifacts, the technologies that we're + +09:13.100 --> 09:15.760 +interested in as these objects floating in + +09:15.760 --> 09:18.640 +white space as they are so nicely here, we + +09:18.640 --> 09:21.620 +want to locate them in the environments + +09:21.620 --> 09:23.060 +where they're actually going to be used. + +09:23.060 --> 09:26.600 +And that means going out into work sites + +09:26.600 --> 09:28.560 +and seeing how it is that people are + +09:28.560 --> 09:31.780 +actually using the artifacts and the + +09:31.780 --> 09:33.960 +technologies that we're interested in in + +09:33.960 --> 09:35.560 +the course of their everyday activities. + +09:37.700 --> 09:40.660 +Okay, so with that kind of background, + +09:41.180 --> 09:43.900 +what I'm going to try to do in the time + +09:43.900 --> 09:46.400 +that remains is first a little bit of an + +09:46.400 --> 09:49.000 +introduction, again, to give you a sense + +09:49.000 --> 09:51.920 +of a couple of general aspects of the + +09:51.920 --> 09:53.660 +approach that we're taking. The first, + +09:53.800 --> 09:56.040 +what we're calling case-based prototyping, + +09:56.100 --> 09:58.400 +which I'll explain, and then this idea of + +09:58.400 --> 10:01.220 +working document collections. And then + +10:01.220 --> 10:04.020 +having sort of talked briefly about those + +10:04.020 --> 10:06.620 +two general ideas, move into the specific + +10:06.620 --> 10:08.300 +project that we're involved with at + +10:08.300 --> 10:10.800 +Caltrans, and in particular our work with + +10:10.800 --> 10:12.680 +their project files, and then the + +10:12.680 --> 10:16.520 +prototype that we've developed to address + +10:16.520 --> 10:21.400 +the problems that we've found. Okay, so + +10:21.400 --> 10:24.540 +first of all case-based prototypes. This + +10:24.540 --> 10:28.960 +is another kind of framing image for the + +10:28.960 --> 10:32.060 +work that we're doing, which is focused on + +10:32.060 --> 10:36.120 +this idea of the project of design being + +10:36.120 --> 10:38.940 +artful integration. that increasingly + +10:38.940 --> 10:43.260 +design is as much if not more about + +10:43.260 --> 10:47.460 +embedding artifacts and technologies new + +10:47.460 --> 10:50.860 +in new ways into existing environments as + +10:50.860 --> 10:53.980 +it is about inventing things completely de + +10:53.980 --> 10:56.720 +novo so and the things that we're trying + +10:56.720 --> 11:01.580 +to integrate are both to integrate the + +11:01.580 --> 11:03.860 +technology both with the activities that + +11:03.860 --> 11:05.220 +people are engaged in with their work + +11:05.220 --> 11:07.120 +practices and with the rest of their + +11:07.120 --> 11:09.560 +technology environment. And a sort of + +11:09.560 --> 11:12.940 +center for that for us is what we're + +11:12.940 --> 11:14.820 +calling case-based prototypes. Case-based + +11:14.820 --> 11:18.040 +because these are prototypes that actually + +11:18.040 --> 11:22.220 +incorporate real work, some understanding + +11:22.220 --> 11:24.460 +of real work practices and work materials + +11:24.460 --> 11:27.080 +into them in contrast to some of the + +11:27.080 --> 11:29.880 +demonstration prototypes that we have + +11:29.880 --> 11:32.160 +around that take some kind of a generic + +11:32.160 --> 11:35.180 +corpus of materials and try to show what + +11:35.180 --> 11:37.460 +it would be like to work with the system. + +11:37.700 --> 11:40.400 +And our experience is that when people are + +11:40.400 --> 11:42.360 +assessing a prototype that actually has + +11:42.360 --> 11:45.160 +their documents in it, their work + +11:45.160 --> 11:48.280 +materials, they have a base for doing that + +11:48.280 --> 11:50.980 +assessment that's much, much richer than + +11:50.980 --> 11:54.360 +if they're looking at the Encyclopedia + +11:54.360 --> 11:56.460 +Britannica or something that we all kind + +11:56.460 --> 11:58.260 +of recognize but none of us is actively + +11:58.260 --> 12:00.840 +engaged with. So it strengthens the + +12:00.840 --> 12:02.560 +grounds on which people can assess the + +12:02.560 --> 12:06.300 +prototype. And then the other piece of + +12:06.300 --> 12:07.900 +integration that we're trying to do in our + +12:07.900 --> 12:11.420 +prototypes is to bring together the work + +12:11.420 --> 12:13.580 +that people are doing with both emerging + +12:13.580 --> 12:15.760 +park technologies and existing Xerox + +12:15.760 --> 12:16.920 +technologies. So we're trying to + +12:16.920 --> 12:19.360 +configure, sort of craft together an + +12:19.360 --> 12:21.320 +interesting relationship between those + +12:21.320 --> 12:23.280 +things, and the prototype is the + +12:23.280 --> 12:25.900 +manifestation, the demonstration of that. + +12:25.900 --> 12:29.080 +And the particular focus for us has been + +12:29.080 --> 12:30.860 +this relationship between paper and + +12:30.860 --> 12:34.260 +digital media, both the kinds of + +12:34.260 --> 12:36.060 +translations that we have to enable + +12:36.060 --> 12:39.280 +between the two and also the kind of + +12:39.280 --> 12:41.260 +cohabitations that we want them to be able + +12:41.260 --> 12:43.240 +to do. What does it mean to live in a + +12:43.240 --> 12:46.360 +world where some of your documents are on + +12:46.360 --> 12:48.220 +paper, some are online, they're shifting + +12:48.220 --> 12:50.400 +back and forth across that border? How do + +12:50.400 --> 12:55.160 +you maintain the coherence across media in + +12:55.160 --> 12:59.260 +that kind of situation? And then given the + +12:59.260 --> 13:01.880 +general strategy of case-based + +13:01.880 --> 13:04.080 +prototyping, the focus that we've taken + +13:04.080 --> 13:07.360 +recently has been this idea of working + +13:07.360 --> 13:09.480 +document collections. And here's a sort of + +13:09.480 --> 13:13.660 +set of defining is probably too strong a + +13:13.660 --> 13:16.080 +term, but characterizing criteria for + +13:16.080 --> 13:18.780 +those. Basically, what we mean by working + +13:18.780 --> 13:21.040 +collections are the documents that are in + +13:21.040 --> 13:23.140 +between the documents that are on your + +13:23.140 --> 13:25.160 +desk at any given moment. Although for + +13:25.160 --> 13:26.720 +most of us, I think many of the documents + +13:26.720 --> 13:28.320 +on our desk should be in our working + +13:28.320 --> 13:30.760 +collection. But the idealized view is that + +13:30.760 --> 13:33.020 +you have this sort of three-part division. + +13:33.300 --> 13:34.760 +You've got your active documents on your + +13:34.760 --> 13:36.860 +desk. You've got documents that are often + +13:36.860 --> 13:39.860 +in archives somewhere, filed some distance + +13:39.860 --> 13:42.860 +from your office. And then you've got your + +13:42.860 --> 13:44.560 +working document collections, the + +13:44.560 --> 13:46.520 +canonical form of this is your file + +13:46.520 --> 13:51.040 +cabinets. And our premise is that many + +13:51.040 --> 13:53.700 +organizations have a tremendous investment + +13:54.100 --> 13:56.360 +in document collections that have this + +13:56.360 --> 13:59.300 +character, and that there's a large + +13:59.300 --> 14:03.080 +opportunity in finding ways to help people + +14:03.080 --> 14:05.500 +partly migrate those collections online, + +14:05.500 --> 14:08.440 +partly integrate those collections with + +14:08.440 --> 14:10.020 +their with their online document + +14:12.080 --> 14:14.140 +repositories the the documents that get + +14:14.140 --> 14:15.780 +into this these collections are + +14:15.780 --> 14:18.420 +selectively saved by people with the idea + +14:18.420 --> 14:20.560 +that they're going to be useful either as + +14:20.560 --> 14:23.020 +a reference or maybe actually to be reused + +14:23.020 --> 14:25.300 +in some way in the future and and very + +14:25.300 --> 14:28.420 +importantly you can it's very difficult to + +14:28.420 --> 14:30.060 +predict what the value of any given + +14:30.060 --> 14:31.620 +document is going to be in advance you + +14:31.620 --> 14:34.120 +couldn't go through most most file + +14:34.120 --> 14:35.680 +cabinets and definitely the collection + +14:35.680 --> 14:36.900 +that I'm going to be talking about at + +14:36.900 --> 14:39.220 +Caltrans and weight the documents + +14:39.220 --> 14:41.520 +according to their value because the value + +14:41.520 --> 14:43.660 +of the document is tied to its + +14:43.660 --> 14:45.300 +availability at the moment when it's + +14:45.300 --> 14:48.680 +needed. It becomes valuable in relation to + +14:48.680 --> 14:50.780 +some ongoing activity. So it's this + +14:50.780 --> 14:54.860 +contingent value that depends much more on + +14:54.860 --> 14:56.560 +the accessibility of the document in + +14:56.560 --> 14:58.500 +relation to the activity than on its + +14:58.500 --> 15:02.260 +intrinsic characteristics. The The + +15:02.260 --> 15:03.760 +documents in the collections that we're + +15:03.760 --> 15:05.800 +looking at are very diverse, both in + +15:05.800 --> 15:07.440 +quality, they include everything from + +15:07.440 --> 15:10.160 +documents that have been faxed three times + +15:10.160 --> 15:13.520 +and photocopied to very, very nice, + +15:13.580 --> 15:17.360 +cleanly printed ASCII documents, and also + +15:17.360 --> 15:19.960 +very variable in format, and I'll show you + +15:19.960 --> 15:22.040 +more of that. The thing that interests us + +15:22.040 --> 15:23.980 +about that is, again, a sense that when we + +15:23.980 --> 15:26.780 +look at the document repositories that are + +15:26.780 --> 15:29.900 +often used in research, they tend to be + +15:29.900 --> 15:32.780 +rather homogeneous. So people who are + +15:32.780 --> 15:35.920 +doing different aspects of document image + +15:35.920 --> 15:37.900 +and document recognition and document + +15:37.900 --> 15:40.040 +retrieval work are working with these sort + +15:40.040 --> 15:42.320 +of standard corpora. And when we look at + +15:42.320 --> 15:44.280 +these real world corpora, they have + +15:44.280 --> 15:46.800 +different characteristics that pose some + +15:46.800 --> 15:49.640 +interesting problems and challenges. + +15:50.820 --> 15:53.920 +Document research, document search through + +15:53.920 --> 15:55.960 +these collections relies very heavily on + +15:55.960 --> 15:57.460 +their visual characteristics. I mean this + +15:57.460 --> 15:59.520 +is just a simple observation that when you + +15:59.520 --> 16:02.900 +go to your paper file cabinet, you get a + +16:02.900 --> 16:04.740 +huge amount of information from being able + +16:04.740 --> 16:07.540 +to scan the visual organization of the + +16:07.540 --> 16:09.720 +folders, to open up a folder and scan + +16:09.720 --> 16:11.500 +through the documents that are in there. + +16:11.680 --> 16:14.380 +And so images, we have a very strong + +16:14.380 --> 16:15.900 +emphasis as you'll see on preserving + +16:15.900 --> 16:20.160 +document images. Shared access to the + +16:20.160 --> 16:22.300 +collection is facilitated by its creator. + +16:22.300 --> 16:24.180 +These are collections that generally, you + +16:24.180 --> 16:25.680 +know, they're owned by somebody and that + +16:25.680 --> 16:29.200 +person acts, to the extent that the + +16:29.200 --> 16:30.980 +collections are shared, that person acts + +16:30.980 --> 16:33.200 +effectively as a kind of librarian for the + +16:33.200 --> 16:34.400 +collection. And there are really + +16:34.400 --> 16:36.480 +interesting issues then if you're moving + +16:36.480 --> 16:38.980 +those collections online, giving people + +16:38.980 --> 16:41.580 +distributed access, what happens to the + +16:41.580 --> 16:44.820 +role of the owner or the collector of the + +16:44.820 --> 16:48.820 +corpus. And then finally, it's important + +16:48.820 --> 16:50.700 +that you can get to these things easily, + +16:50.700 --> 16:53.260 +because often these are documents that, as + +16:53.260 --> 16:54.780 +I said, you need them in the midst of an + +16:54.780 --> 16:56.960 +ongoing activity, and if you can't get a + +16:56.960 --> 16:58.020 +hold of them, you're going to work around + +16:58.020 --> 16:59.820 +it in some way. You're not going to send + +16:59.820 --> 17:01.760 +off and wait a couple of days to get them + +17:01.760 --> 17:04.000 +back. Yeah? Just for a point of + +17:04.000 --> 17:07.080 +clarification, so if we're talking about a + +17:07.080 --> 17:08.980 +facility design, during the actual design + +17:08.980 --> 17:10.880 +process, the documents will be active, + +17:11.360 --> 17:14.340 +whereas once the facility was complete and + +17:14.340 --> 17:16.820 +it goes to management phase, it would be a + +17:16.820 --> 17:18.800 +working collection? No, no. No, I mean, + +17:18.820 --> 17:20.260 +I'm glad you asked that question because + +17:20.260 --> 17:24.460 +it's very much not tied to across a + +17:24.460 --> 17:27.780 +project. Documents move from active to + +17:27.780 --> 17:31.220 +working status in a very dynamic way. I'm + +17:31.220 --> 17:33.500 +thinking more of when a document is on + +17:33.500 --> 17:35.260 +your desk and you're working with it, it's + +17:35.260 --> 17:36.640 +active, and when you stick it in your + +17:36.640 --> 17:37.920 +filing cabinet, it's in your working + +17:37.920 --> 17:39.560 +collection. And in the case that we're + +17:39.560 --> 17:41.400 +looking at, as you'll see, things are + +17:41.400 --> 17:43.280 +coming in and out of the collection all + +17:43.280 --> 17:48.140 +the time. So it's more dynamic than that. + +17:48.500 --> 17:52.400 +Okay, alright so where are we? We're + +17:52.400 --> 17:56.100 +actually spending most of our time in + +17:56.100 --> 17:59.500 +Oakland at Caltrans District 4 + +17:59.500 --> 18:01.100 +headquarters, which is the district that's + +18:01.100 --> 18:03.640 +responsible for the entire Bay area, + +18:03.920 --> 18:05.540 +basically all the roads and the toll + +18:05.540 --> 18:08.880 +bridges in the Bay area. And within the + +18:08.880 --> 18:13.140 +District 4 headquarters, we're working + +18:13.140 --> 18:16.680 +with a particular project team. And if + +18:16.680 --> 18:18.400 +people are interested, I mean there are a + +18:18.400 --> 18:20.660 +lot of practical things to be said about + +18:20.660 --> 18:23.020 +how we got into Caltrans, how once we got + +18:23.020 --> 18:25.080 +to Caltrans we sort of found our way to + +18:25.080 --> 18:27.360 +this particular project. Having to do + +18:27.360 --> 18:29.580 +with, again, the practicalities of sort of + +18:29.580 --> 18:32.020 +crafting a manageable and relevant + +18:32.020 --> 18:35.000 +project. But we are working with the team + +18:35.000 --> 18:37.320 +of engineers who are involved in doing a + +18:37.320 --> 18:38.920 +replacement bridge over the Carcuna + +18:38.920 --> 18:42.280 +Straits, which are in the north part of + +18:42.280 --> 18:45.020 +the San Francisco Bay. and these are, some + +18:45.020 --> 18:46.580 +of you have probably driven across these + +18:46.580 --> 18:49.880 +two bridges, they're a pair of old trestle + +18:49.880 --> 18:54.080 +bridges. This one on your right was built + +18:54.080 --> 18:56.800 +in 1927 and the other one was built in + +18:56.800 --> 19:00.580 +1958. And what's happened is while there's + +19:00.580 --> 19:03.000 +not any new bridge building going on in + +19:03.000 --> 19:06.880 +the Bay Area, there are funds for seismic + +19:06.880 --> 19:10.160 +retrofitting. And Caltrans has made the + +19:10.160 --> 19:12.840 +argument that they're going to retrofit + +19:12.840 --> 19:15.660 +the 58 bridge, but the 27 bridge is + +19:15.660 --> 19:18.340 +sufficiently old and out of date that it + +19:18.340 --> 19:20.580 +doesn't make sense to retrofit it. So they + +19:20.580 --> 19:22.900 +have proposed replacement as a retrofit + +19:22.900 --> 19:24.960 +strategy, which is a phrase I like very + +19:24.960 --> 19:26.940 +much. And that means that they can take + +19:26.940 --> 19:29.580 +funds that have been allocated for seismic + +19:29.580 --> 19:31.280 +retrofitting and use them to build a new + +19:31.280 --> 19:33.460 +bridge, which is what engineers most like + +19:33.460 --> 19:37.020 +to do. So they are actually going to take + +19:37.020 --> 19:39.520 +down the old 27 bridge and put up a new + +19:39.520 --> 19:41.620 +one. And that's the project that we've + +19:41.620 --> 19:42.960 +been following for the last couple of + +19:42.960 --> 19:46.140 +years through, up until now it's largely + +19:46.140 --> 19:48.680 +been what they call the design phase, the + +19:48.680 --> 19:50.880 +environmental phase, where they're going + +19:50.880 --> 19:52.120 +out and doing all of the environmental + +19:52.120 --> 19:54.460 +impact assessments and basically getting + +19:54.460 --> 19:56.080 +permission to go ahead with the project. + +19:56.160 --> 19:57.940 +And they're just now moving into the + +19:57.940 --> 20:02.500 +design phase. Now within, as fascinating + +20:02.500 --> 20:05.200 +as the bridge is, and we've spent a lot of + +20:05.200 --> 20:07.020 +time doing things like following them to + +20:07.020 --> 20:09.940 +town meetings in Crockett where they have + +20:09.940 --> 20:11.620 +talked to the local citizens about the + +20:11.620 --> 20:14.260 +project. For us as anthropologists this is + +20:14.260 --> 20:16.160 +an opportunity to do some very wonderful + +20:16.160 --> 20:19.220 +ethnography of how a bridge gets built and + +20:19.220 --> 20:22.520 +relations between engineers and citizens + +20:22.520 --> 20:25.240 +and that sort of thing. But for us in our + +20:25.240 --> 20:28.320 +capacity as park researchers doing a + +20:28.320 --> 20:31.700 +prototyping project, the focus has been on + +20:31.700 --> 20:34.080 +what are called the project files. And + +20:34.080 --> 20:36.820 +project files are collections that are + +20:36.820 --> 20:39.280 +maintained by every engineering team at + +20:39.280 --> 20:41.920 +Caltrans. It's an obligatory collection + +20:41.920 --> 20:45.340 +that you have to create that is basically + +20:45.340 --> 20:47.520 +a cumulative collection of relevant + +20:47.520 --> 20:50.160 +documents that are created and acquired + +20:50.160 --> 20:53.060 +over the course of a project. And as you + +20:53.060 --> 20:55.800 +can see they are currently kept on paper + +20:55.800 --> 21:00.900 +in three ring binders. And I'll tell you + +21:00.900 --> 21:02.860 +more about them but just to say that one + +21:02.860 --> 21:04.580 +of the things that, you know, when we were + +21:04.580 --> 21:07.300 +again sort of in terms of how a project + +21:07.300 --> 21:09.940 +like ours gets designed, when we were + +21:09.940 --> 21:11.900 +starting to talk with the project team + +21:11.900 --> 21:13.740 +about what they were up to and how we + +21:13.740 --> 21:15.700 +might do some interesting kind of + +21:15.700 --> 21:17.880 +collaboration together, together, we + +21:17.880 --> 21:19.600 +realized that the project files were + +21:19.600 --> 21:23.240 +another instance of what we're calling + +21:23.240 --> 21:24.800 +working document collection and that we + +21:24.800 --> 21:27.300 +had worked with it with an interestingly + +21:27.300 --> 21:30.120 +similar and different collection in our + +21:30.120 --> 21:32.300 +previous project, which was in a law firm, + +21:32.500 --> 21:35.720 +where we worked with a particular attorney + +21:35.720 --> 21:39.120 +taking, again, a paper collection of his + +21:39.120 --> 21:42.340 +documents and moving them online, + +21:42.640 --> 21:44.340 +exploring what it would mean to move them + +21:44.340 --> 21:48.920 +online. So it was for us a way of building + +21:48.920 --> 21:52.020 +on our previous projects, of bringing + +21:52.020 --> 21:54.840 +together the specifics of this particular + +21:54.840 --> 21:59.220 +work site and its practices with a more + +21:59.220 --> 22:02.140 +sort of cumulative general understanding + +22:02.140 --> 22:05.000 +of how these kinds of collections work. + +22:05.000 --> 22:09.340 +work. And the other thing that struck us + +22:09.340 --> 22:12.480 +was, again, as in the law firm collection, + +22:12.840 --> 22:15.280 +the tremendous heterogeneity of the + +22:15.280 --> 22:17.480 +documents that are in the project files. + +22:17.720 --> 22:20.500 +They include a lot of general business + +22:20.500 --> 22:23.960 +documents, letters and memos and reports + +22:23.960 --> 22:27.340 +and spreadsheets and tables and that sort + +22:27.340 --> 22:30.520 +of thing. And then also things like + +22:30.520 --> 22:32.740 +newspaper clippings. So they clip you + +22:32.740 --> 22:34.640 +know, articles that come out about + +22:34.640 --> 22:36.440 +Caltrans that are relevant to the project. + +22:37.120 --> 22:39.320 +And then a lot of interesting more + +22:39.320 --> 22:42.900 +engineering specific documents, maps, and + +22:42.900 --> 22:46.160 +plans of various kinds, all ingeniously + +22:46.160 --> 22:49.300 +folded to fit in an 8.5 by 11 inch binder. + +22:49.560 --> 22:52.240 +So we've got documents of, you know, a lot + +22:52.240 --> 22:54.940 +of different kinds of genre and format, + +22:55.240 --> 22:58.080 +and a lot of different sizes and that sort + +22:58.080 --> 22:59.300 +of thing. So the question is, you know, + +22:59.300 --> 23:00.940 +how are you actually going to deal with + +23:00.940 --> 23:03.560 +this when you're thinking of moving this + +23:03.560 --> 23:07.560 +collection from one medium to another? The + +23:07.560 --> 23:10.120 +other thing that fascinated us was that in + +23:10.120 --> 23:12.120 +spite of the tremendous heterogeneity of + +23:12.120 --> 23:15.180 +these documents, they were all to be filed + +23:15.180 --> 23:17.460 +according to the Caltrans Uniform Filing + +23:17.460 --> 23:22.040 +System, which as a piece of classification + +23:22.040 --> 23:24.640 +is a really, really interesting artifact + +23:24.640 --> 23:27.320 +in its own right. The Caltrans Uniform + +23:27.320 --> 23:31.060 +Filing System is a basically + +23:31.060 --> 23:33.840 +hierarchically nested set of categories + +23:33.840 --> 23:36.740 +that are in principle to be used + +23:36.740 --> 23:39.420 +throughout Caltrans. It's really + +23:39.420 --> 23:41.520 +interesting when you start to look at the + +23:41.520 --> 23:43.460 +Uniform Filing System how incredibly + +23:43.460 --> 23:48.000 +dynamic it becomes. It changes both, it's + +23:48.000 --> 23:49.980 +changed from the sort of central + +23:49.980 --> 23:53.860 +headquarters and then it's changed, it's, + +23:53.860 --> 23:56.920 +you know, with permission customized + +23:56.920 --> 24:01.800 +locally. And so I'll talk more about that + +24:01.800 --> 24:03.300 +when I tell you about the prototype, but + +24:03.300 --> 24:06.120 +the uniform filing system turns out to be + +24:06.120 --> 24:08.800 +in fact a constantly sort of shifting and + +24:08.800 --> 24:12.940 +transformed set of categorization scheme. + +24:13.980 --> 24:15.840 +Another interesting thing about it from + +24:15.840 --> 24:17.240 +the point of view of classification is + +24:17.240 --> 24:18.180 +that it's got all these different + +24:18.180 --> 24:21.160 +interests in it. Partly it's organized by + +24:21.160 --> 24:23.100 +the kind of phases of a project, so it's + +24:23.100 --> 24:26.720 +orienting to producing a kind of archival + +24:26.720 --> 24:28.920 +historical record at the end of the + +24:28.920 --> 24:31.660 +project. It's also oriented to the types + +24:31.660 --> 24:33.620 +of documents, so whether it's + +24:33.620 --> 24:35.640 +correspondence or reports of various + +24:35.640 --> 24:39.260 +kinds, it's oriented to topical issues. + +24:39.260 --> 24:42.280 +and all of these different cross-cutting + +24:42.280 --> 24:45.780 +interests are sort of homogenized and + +24:45.780 --> 24:47.880 +flattened in in this apparently + +24:47.880 --> 24:51.720 +straightforward hierarchical system but of + +24:51.720 --> 24:53.200 +course when you actually go to file + +24:53.200 --> 24:55.940 +documents you run into into that and I'll + +24:55.940 --> 25:01.420 +show you more about that there are there + +25:01.420 --> 25:04.460 +is a perceived problem around around + +25:04.460 --> 25:06.800 +getting documents into the project files. + +25:06.980 --> 25:10.720 +It is a perpetual trouble for people. For + +25:10.720 --> 25:13.220 +all sorts of reasons, certainly in part, I + +25:13.220 --> 25:15.160 +think part of the reason that we're all so + +25:15.160 --> 25:18.880 +behind in our filing is that it's not a + +25:18.880 --> 25:20.780 +straightforward task. For any given + +25:20.780 --> 25:23.220 +document, there are so many possible ways + +25:23.220 --> 25:26.500 +of filing it. And so it's a hard problem, + +25:26.560 --> 25:28.580 +and as a consequence, things pile up. And + +25:28.580 --> 25:31.300 +this is the two-file cardboard box sitting + +25:31.300 --> 25:35.880 +on the desk of the senior engineer. So we + +25:35.880 --> 25:38.420 +became interested in understanding more + +25:38.420 --> 25:41.180 +about what actually is hard about filing + +25:41.180 --> 25:43.600 +documents. Here's another activity which + +25:43.600 --> 25:46.680 +is typically seen as a completely mindless + +25:46.680 --> 25:49.880 +activity, but which somehow when any of us + +25:49.880 --> 25:52.660 +actually goes to try to do it, opens out + +25:52.660 --> 25:55.100 +into something more problematic and what's + +25:55.100 --> 25:57.120 +going on there. So what we did was we + +25:57.120 --> 25:59.540 +spent some time with the senior, The other + +25:59.540 --> 26:01.880 +thing I should say is that at Caltrans, as + +26:01.880 --> 26:04.100 +with many organizations, budgets have been + +26:04.100 --> 26:06.020 +cut. There's very little administrative + +26:06.020 --> 26:08.800 +support. The engineers themselves are + +26:08.800 --> 26:10.800 +responsible for doing the filing of their + +26:10.800 --> 26:14.380 +documents. So we spent some time with the + +26:14.380 --> 26:18.140 +senior project engineer, sitting with him + +26:18.140 --> 26:20.580 +while he worked on trying to file some of + +26:20.580 --> 26:22.180 +these documents that were on his desk that + +26:22.180 --> 26:23.860 +he wanted to get into the project files. + +26:23.860 --> 26:27.160 +And this is my colleague Randy watching + +26:27.160 --> 26:30.000 +sympathetically as Dave sort of talks his + +26:30.000 --> 26:32.440 +way through some filing. And at this point + +26:32.440 --> 26:34.820 +I want to show you a videotape if we're + +26:34.820 --> 26:37.520 +queued up. I'm going to show you a few + +26:37.520 --> 26:44.600 +little bits of recorded Dave filing. And + +26:44.600 --> 26:49.100 +in the first one, let me just orient you a + +26:49.100 --> 26:50.260 +little bit to what you're going to see. + +26:51.460 --> 26:53.440 +Well, I'll show it to you and then just + +26:53.440 --> 26:55.380 +point out what I think are some of the + +26:55.380 --> 26:57.240 +interesting issues. And here's a + +26:57.240 --> 26:59.080 +transcript in case you have any trouble + +26:59.080 --> 27:02.700 +hearing. Can I show the overhead and the + +27:02.700 --> 27:05.800 +tape at the same time or should we? I feel + +27:05.800 --> 27:08.240 +I'm talking to some unknown assistant + +27:08.240 --> 27:12.300 +here. Over there, right? I can't. Okay. So + +27:12.300 --> 27:13.580 +we'll just look at the tape and then I'll + +27:13.580 --> 27:14.460 +put the transcript up. + +27:22.480 --> 27:24.460 +store these things you know like for + +27:24.460 --> 27:28.480 +instance this one right here it's our + +27:28.480 --> 27:33.160 +letter to the FHWA regarding consultation + +27:33.160 --> 27:35.660 +for the Endangered Species Act so there's + +27:35.660 --> 27:37.620 +a permit involved environmental is + +27:37.620 --> 27:40.940 +involved the federal FHWA is involved + +27:40.940 --> 27:42.740 +external agencies so there's all these + +27:42.740 --> 27:45.040 +categories that can conceivably go under + +27:45.040 --> 27:47.980 +and I have to pick one. Then I have to go + +27:47.980 --> 27:49.880 +back and maybe search for because maybe I + +27:49.880 --> 27:52.700 +wasn't thinking the same on the next time + +27:52.700 --> 27:54.260 +when I'm looking back. So that's why it'd + +27:54.260 --> 27:56.800 +be really cool if you know if you can + +27:56.800 --> 27:58.420 +enter these things one like you had you + +27:58.420 --> 28:01.000 +said you could you could have a date or a + +28:01.000 --> 28:03.420 +title or Subject or keyword or whatever. + +28:03.480 --> 28:04.600 +That's why I think it'd be really handy + +28:04.600 --> 28:06.240 +because I'm sitting here and I'm going + +28:06.240 --> 28:06.540 +well + +28:09.260 --> 28:10.980 +Correspondence to federal agencies. Yeah, + +28:10.980 --> 28:13.200 +that's the one I think it is But it could + +28:13.200 --> 28:14.820 +easily be thrown underneath permit. And + +28:14.820 --> 28:17.520 +certainly my assessment may be different + +28:17.520 --> 28:19.960 +than the guy in the next aisle over. Not + +28:19.960 --> 28:21.400 +when he's trying to fire a lady, when + +28:21.400 --> 28:22.360 +they're trying to find him. + +28:25.620 --> 28:27.820 +Okay, so. I don't see what I thought I was + +28:27.820 --> 28:30.660 +looking. I'm going to show you one more. + +28:31.140 --> 28:33.520 +Okay, so, you know, this is all really + +28:33.520 --> 28:36.320 +familiar and mundane stuff. But, you know, + +28:36.360 --> 28:37.700 +it's stuff that we all know, but we've + +28:37.700 --> 28:39.860 +never figured out exactly what to do about + +28:39.860 --> 28:41.560 +it. You know, we've got the problem. + +28:41.560 --> 28:42.980 +you've got multiple alternative + +28:42.980 --> 28:45.880 +categories, any one of which could make + +28:45.880 --> 28:48.240 +sense depending on how you reason about + +28:48.240 --> 28:50.980 +it. Then you've got the problem of how do + +28:50.980 --> 28:52.940 +you align the way you're going to reason + +28:52.940 --> 28:54.560 +about the document when you're filing it + +28:54.560 --> 28:55.680 +and the way you're going to be reasoning + +28:55.680 --> 28:57.680 +about it when you go to look for it. And + +28:57.680 --> 29:00.580 +Dave's uneasy feeling that if he comes up + +29:00.580 --> 29:02.580 +with one sort of logic right now for how + +29:02.580 --> 29:06.120 +to file it, he's trying to anticipate when + +29:06.120 --> 29:08.180 +he goes to look for this thing, how is he + +29:08.180 --> 29:10.360 +likely to be thinking about it. And then + +29:10.360 --> 29:12.840 +finally he worries at the end about the + +29:12.840 --> 29:15.360 +obvious problem of whether the way he + +29:15.360 --> 29:17.360 +thinks about it is going to be the same as + +29:17.360 --> 29:19.640 +the way, you know, the guy or lady, as he + +29:19.640 --> 29:22.100 +says in the next cubicle, overthinks about + +29:22.100 --> 29:24.040 +it. So these are all, you know, familiar + +29:24.040 --> 29:28.080 +kinds of problems around cataloging and + +29:28.080 --> 29:30.460 +filing of documents. Let me show you one + +29:30.460 --> 29:35.180 +more little clip now from the same session + +29:35.180 --> 29:35.660 +with Dave. + +29:39.980 --> 29:43.400 +I guess I would stick it under floodplain + +29:43.400 --> 29:44.320 +evaluations. + +29:46.620 --> 29:49.280 +Where was the other spot? Drainage is + +29:49.280 --> 29:52.320 +usually done during the design phase, and + +29:52.320 --> 29:54.840 +we're not there yet. So that's why I + +29:54.840 --> 29:58.860 +always pick... This is 4D2, 5D2. But see, + +29:58.900 --> 30:01.340 +231 is draft environmental document, which + +30:01.340 --> 30:06.960 +is pretty vague. So I'll never find it. I + +30:06.960 --> 30:08.660 +would probably be more inclined to stick + +30:08.660 --> 30:10.100 +it under drainage even though that's not + +30:10.100 --> 30:13.820 +where it belongs. I don't know what else. + +30:14.220 --> 30:17.460 +That's what I'm going to do. I'm probably + +30:17.460 --> 30:19.000 +not doing it right, but that's what I + +30:19.000 --> 30:21.480 +would do. This is why your system would be + +30:21.480 --> 30:26.500 +nice. So again, another sort of related + +30:26.500 --> 30:29.420 +set of problems here. In the beginning + +30:29.420 --> 30:30.880 +here, he's looking through the uniform + +30:30.880 --> 30:32.520 +filing system itself. itself is like an + +30:32.520 --> 30:34.060 +eight-page document. He's sitting there + +30:34.060 --> 30:35.460 +searching through the uniform filing + +30:35.460 --> 30:37.200 +system for the category that he's looking + +30:37.200 --> 30:39.720 +for that he thinks he wants to assign this + +30:39.720 --> 30:42.820 +document to. Again, he's worrying here + +30:42.820 --> 30:44.860 +about this misalignment between the kind + +30:44.860 --> 30:47.460 +of normative chronological order of the + +30:47.460 --> 30:50.000 +classification scheme and the topical + +30:50.000 --> 30:52.440 +content of the document that he's got, + +30:52.520 --> 30:55.320 +which is about drainage, which has come up + +30:55.320 --> 30:57.940 +in terms of an evaluation of a floodplain + +30:57.940 --> 30:59.880 +in the environmental stage, but the + +30:59.880 --> 31:02.180 +drainage category is farther down in the + +31:02.180 --> 31:05.880 +design. So how does he adjudicate that? + +31:06.180 --> 31:09.140 +And again, he's thinking here about how am + +31:09.140 --> 31:10.800 +I going to file it such that when I go to + +31:10.800 --> 31:12.340 +look for it, there's some hope that I'll + +31:12.340 --> 31:14.380 +actually find it. Now let me show you a + +31:14.380 --> 31:18.880 +couple of clips around search. The clip + +31:18.880 --> 31:21.840 +I'm going to show you was a serendipitous + +31:21.840 --> 31:26.100 +recording that we were actually up there + +31:26.100 --> 31:29.940 +installing a board on Dave's PC that would + +31:29.940 --> 31:31.980 +allow it to talk to our scanner as we were + +31:31.980 --> 31:33.800 +putting together a prototype. And because + +31:33.800 --> 31:36.340 +we're interested in all of the grungy + +31:36.340 --> 31:38.660 +practical details around actually + +31:38.660 --> 31:40.160 +implementing a prototype, we were + +31:40.160 --> 31:42.460 +recording this, right? So we're there in + +31:42.460 --> 31:45.540 +Dave's office and when the clip first + +31:45.540 --> 31:46.920 +starts, you're going to see my colleague + +31:46.920 --> 31:49.460 +Randy and one of their IS people under + +31:49.460 --> 31:53.000 +Dave's desk messing with his PC. And so + +31:53.000 --> 31:54.720 +we're there recording and Dave comes in + +31:54.720 --> 31:56.700 +and he picks up the two file box off his + +31:56.700 --> 31:58.140 +desk and sits down and starts going + +31:58.140 --> 32:01.640 +through it. So I eventually pan back to + +32:01.640 --> 32:03.560 +actually see what it is that he's up to. + +32:03.700 --> 32:05.520 +And you're going to see three little + +32:05.520 --> 32:08.060 +segments with breaks between them. In the + +32:08.060 --> 32:11.200 +first, you'll hear a query from my + +32:11.200 --> 32:13.340 +colleague, Jeanette, to Dave about what + +32:13.340 --> 32:15.260 +he's searching for. And he explains that + +32:15.260 --> 32:17.380 +he's looking for the documentation of an + +32:17.380 --> 32:20.640 +agreement between a local agency and a + +32:20.640 --> 32:23.780 +local city and Caltrans around an aspect + +32:23.780 --> 32:26.280 +of their process. And then in the second, + +32:26.400 --> 32:29.040 +you'll see him find a document and sort of + +32:29.040 --> 32:31.300 +inspect it and decide, apparently, that + +32:31.300 --> 32:33.020 +it's what he wants and set it aside. And + +32:33.020 --> 32:35.100 +then in the final one, we have a little + +32:35.100 --> 32:38.720 +exchange where he explains to us the + +32:38.720 --> 32:40.900 +uncertainties about what he's been looking + +32:40.900 --> 32:44.560 +for. And there's this whole search. I + +32:44.560 --> 32:46.060 +mean, he went through, you'll see when he + +32:46.060 --> 32:47.880 +finds the document, he's about two-thirds + +32:47.880 --> 32:49.740 +of the way through the box. So the whole + +32:49.740 --> 32:51.560 +thing probably went on for 15 minutes, I + +32:51.560 --> 32:53.320 +would say. So here are these three little + +32:53.320 --> 32:53.720 +clips. + +33:02.000 --> 33:06.100 +Some old resolutions that East Virginia + +33:06.100 --> 33:07.500 +Regional Park and the city passed in + +33:07.500 --> 33:11.020 +support of our mitigation project. Yeah, + +33:13.100 --> 33:16.240 +sure do. Exactly. Exactly. + +33:58.000 --> 33:59.500 +I don't know if the oven exists. + +34:05.120 --> 34:07.840 +Yeah, most of the time. I don't think I + +34:07.840 --> 34:09.100 +actually got one of these things from the + +34:09.100 --> 34:09.280 +city. + +34:18.440 --> 34:21.300 +So, at the beginning, as I said, he + +34:21.300 --> 34:24.420 +explains to us that he's looking for some + +34:24.420 --> 34:26.400 +old resolutions, as he says, from the East + +34:26.400 --> 34:29.580 +Bay Regional Parks and the City. So + +34:29.580 --> 34:31.240 +potentially, at the beginning, he's + +34:31.240 --> 34:33.760 +looking for two documents, one from each + +34:33.760 --> 34:36.720 +of these agencies. And then when he talks + +34:36.720 --> 34:40.900 +to us about what he found, he explains, he + +34:40.900 --> 34:43.300 +says he's still going through, you saw him + +34:43.300 --> 34:45.560 +in the middle clip sort of pull out one + +34:45.560 --> 34:46.920 +document, set it to the side, and then + +34:46.920 --> 34:50.460 +keep going. And then he announces happily + +34:50.460 --> 34:52.440 +to us that he actually found something and + +34:52.440 --> 34:54.540 +explains that now he's starting to wonder + +34:54.540 --> 34:56.780 +whether there is actually ever was a + +34:56.780 --> 34:59.680 +second document. So the question here is + +34:59.680 --> 35:01.720 +what do you know ahead of time about what + +35:01.720 --> 35:03.140 +you're looking for when you're doing this + +35:03.140 --> 35:04.660 +kind of search? And here's a case where + +35:04.660 --> 35:06.920 +Dave goes through the whole box on the + +35:06.920 --> 35:11.120 +possibility that a document that may or + +35:11.120 --> 35:13.120 +may not exist was put in there by one of + +35:13.120 --> 35:14.540 +his colleagues. And that's the kind of + +35:14.540 --> 35:18.280 +working with the material medium that's + +35:18.280 --> 35:23.040 +involved in the sort of problematic state + +35:23.040 --> 35:26.420 +of the project files at the moment. So + +35:26.420 --> 35:29.940 +what we have been doing together with Dave + +35:29.940 --> 35:33.160 +and the rest of the engineering team is an + +35:33.160 --> 35:35.860 +exploration in what would it mean to put + +35:35.860 --> 35:38.380 +their collection online. And the prototype + +35:38.380 --> 35:41.240 +that we've built, we hear being used very + +35:41.240 --> 35:43.020 +loosely to refer to my colleague Randy + +35:43.020 --> 35:46.660 +Trigg, is called, it's built on top of a + +35:46.660 --> 35:48.560 +platform called the integrator because the + +35:48.560 --> 35:51.600 +idea of the integrator has been to try to + +35:51.600 --> 35:53.340 +build a platform on which we can pull + +35:53.340 --> 35:56.680 +together as much stuff as possible into a + +35:56.680 --> 36:01.200 +useful configuration. We have our sort of + +36:01.200 --> 36:04.840 +basic approach in putting this prototype + +36:04.840 --> 36:07.420 +together is we want to require minimal + +36:07.420 --> 36:09.580 +overhead for filing. You should be able to + +36:09.580 --> 36:11.920 +get documents into this collection with as + +36:11.920 --> 36:14.960 +little effort as possible. And you'll see + +36:14.960 --> 36:18.240 +concretely what that means. And then we + +36:18.240 --> 36:20.320 +want to provide, once you've gotten your + +36:20.320 --> 36:22.620 +document in there, and particularly if + +36:22.620 --> 36:24.040 +you've put your document in with very, + +36:24.100 --> 36:27.020 +very minimal coding of any kind, we want + +36:27.020 --> 36:29.640 +to give you multiple opportunities to add + +36:29.640 --> 36:34.220 +more metadata to the document. So we want + +36:34.220 --> 36:36.300 +you to be able to take a document that's + +36:36.300 --> 36:37.880 +in the, when you come across a document + +36:37.880 --> 36:39.900 +that's in the collection, be able to add + +36:39.900 --> 36:42.680 +more metadata to it if you're inspired to + +36:42.680 --> 36:45.760 +do that. And very importantly, as you'll + +36:45.760 --> 36:49.140 +see, the collection of metadata that's + +36:49.140 --> 36:51.900 +applicable has got to be modifiable. + +36:52.400 --> 36:54.100 +You've got to be able to both go in and + +36:54.100 --> 36:55.840 +change the coding of a particular document + +36:55.840 --> 36:58.520 +and then work with the overall set of + +36:58.520 --> 37:00.480 +metadata. data. And then when it goes to + +37:00.480 --> 37:02.700 +look to come sign to look for documents we + +37:02.700 --> 37:04.740 +want there to be multiple ways that you + +37:04.740 --> 37:07.520 +can go about looking for them. Trying to + +37:07.520 --> 37:10.540 +perpetuate some of the advantages of the + +37:10.540 --> 37:13.560 +paper world where where you can use a + +37:13.560 --> 37:17.100 +pretty wide repertoire of strategies for + +37:17.100 --> 37:21.500 +looking. The basic scenario has been that + +37:21.500 --> 37:22.780 +you know first of all you get your + +37:22.780 --> 37:27.000 +document scanned into into a file and and + +37:27.000 --> 37:29.100 +then into a repository. And then, of + +37:29.100 --> 37:31.140 +course, the rationale is that once you've + +37:31.140 --> 37:34.460 +got your documents online, you can do + +37:34.460 --> 37:38.040 +things like do multiple categorization of + +37:38.040 --> 37:39.520 +a given document. You don't have to worry + +37:39.520 --> 37:41.220 +about resolving those problems that Dave + +37:41.220 --> 37:43.700 +was struggling with. You can look at the + +37:43.700 --> 37:45.780 +whole collection in different ways, which + +37:45.780 --> 37:47.640 +is something impossible for them to do at + +37:47.640 --> 37:49.400 +this point. So you can look at the whole + +37:49.400 --> 37:52.080 +collection ordered by the document dates + +37:52.080 --> 37:55.620 +or the topics. And I'll show you more + +37:55.620 --> 37:59.220 +about that. you can still view and browse + +37:59.220 --> 38:01.400 +over the page images. That's a place where + +38:01.400 --> 38:03.740 +we want to preserve what you've got now + +38:03.740 --> 38:05.800 +and maybe even enhance it in some ways. + +38:06.640 --> 38:10.160 +Obviously now you can do a full text + +38:10.160 --> 38:12.740 +search over the optically character + +38:12.740 --> 38:16.520 +recognized text and we want you to be able + +38:16.520 --> 38:19.340 +to do combined searches so you throw in + +38:19.340 --> 38:20.960 +you know something that you know about a + +38:20.960 --> 38:22.760 +property that might have been assigned to + +38:22.760 --> 38:25.220 +this document with a text stream string + +38:25.220 --> 38:28.040 +and also being able to search use the + +38:28.040 --> 38:30.500 +images as a resource and then obviously + +38:30.500 --> 38:33.160 +once you're online there's the possibility + +38:33.160 --> 38:35.340 +of having distributed access to the + +38:35.340 --> 38:37.740 +collection so to sit at your desk and and + +38:37.740 --> 38:39.540 +over the world wide web actually look at + +38:39.540 --> 38:41.640 +it and get a hold of things and then you + +38:41.640 --> 38:43.500 +still have to be able to print your + +38:43.500 --> 38:47.420 +documents that's essential you know the + +38:47.420 --> 38:49.960 +idea there's simple idea we have is okay + +38:49.960 --> 38:52.340 +once Once you got documents online, then + +38:52.340 --> 38:57.120 +you could have access to the project files + +38:57.120 --> 38:58.900 +from multiple locations, from multiple + +38:58.900 --> 39:01.040 +locations both within Caltrans + +39:01.040 --> 39:03.440 +headquarters and also now they've got + +39:03.440 --> 39:04.940 +their field office set up out by the + +39:04.940 --> 39:06.600 +bridge. So one of the things we're + +39:06.600 --> 39:08.540 +interested in seeing is how do documents + +39:08.540 --> 39:11.780 +travel across these sites. The way they + +39:11.780 --> 39:14.000 +travel now primarily is that Dave gets a + +39:14.000 --> 39:16.740 +phone call, he finds, he or somebody + +39:16.740 --> 39:17.920 +somebody who works for him finds the + +39:17.920 --> 39:19.440 +document, they stick it into a relevant + +39:19.440 --> 39:21.840 +form of mail and it gets sent off or it + +39:21.840 --> 39:24.640 +gets faxed. So this would obviously open + +39:24.640 --> 39:27.520 +up some new possibilities there. And + +39:27.520 --> 39:29.840 +distributed access would work both to give + +39:30.400 --> 39:32.280 +multiple people access to the same + +39:32.280 --> 39:34.380 +collection, which is the situation I was + +39:34.380 --> 39:37.240 +just describing. And also a single person, + +39:37.300 --> 39:38.720 +one of the managers that we've been + +39:38.720 --> 39:41.180 +talking to, she has, I think, 100 projects + +39:41.180 --> 39:43.420 +that she's in principle responsible for. + +39:43.540 --> 39:45.740 +So she has an interest in being able to + +39:45.740 --> 39:50.300 +get views onto multiple project files. And + +39:50.300 --> 39:51.940 +there are really interesting, obviously, + +39:52.470 --> 39:54.560 +protection and access issues that come up + +39:54.560 --> 39:57.160 +there that I'll come back to. So what + +39:57.160 --> 39:59.100 +we've done is we've set up, this is the + +39:59.100 --> 40:01.940 +prototype. It's made up of plastic + +40:01.940 --> 40:06.820 +hardware, software, and paper. So we + +40:06.820 --> 40:09.420 +basically have a really, I will say, + +40:09.440 --> 40:12.260 +really nice Xerox scanner. Nice because it + +40:12.260 --> 40:14.280 +has a great document feeder that you can + +40:14.280 --> 40:16.280 +throw in multiple documents at a time, + +40:16.680 --> 40:20.360 +hooked up to a PC, and the PC is running a + +40:20.360 --> 40:22.680 +piece of software called Pages, which + +40:22.680 --> 40:24.580 +again is a really nice application for + +40:24.580 --> 40:27.760 +supporting the work of scanning documents. + +40:28.460 --> 40:32.460 +And so the documents are basically scanned + +40:32.460 --> 40:38.880 +using the scanner in Pages onto the PC + +40:38.880 --> 40:41.840 +that's sitting there. And then with a web + +40:41.840 --> 40:44.220 +-based form, they're coded and then + +40:44.220 --> 40:47.680 +they're uploaded onto the web. And at the + +40:47.680 --> 40:50.720 +moment, they're actually uploaded onto the + +40:50.720 --> 40:53.180 +web and sent to PARC, where we pull them + +40:53.180 --> 40:56.980 +in across the PARC firewall and do various + +40:56.980 --> 40:59.620 +kinds of processing over them, and then + +40:59.620 --> 41:02.100 +put them back out, indexed, both the + +41:02.100 --> 41:04.280 +documents and the metadata indexed outside + +41:04.280 --> 41:06.280 +the firewall, so that people at Caltrans + +41:06.280 --> 41:09.060 +with password protection can view the + +41:09.060 --> 41:10.800 +documents. The thing that we're up to now + +41:10.800 --> 41:12.320 +is trying to move the whole thing into + +41:12.320 --> 41:15.060 +Caltrans running on their intranet. And + +41:15.060 --> 41:18.180 +that involves a bit of substituting some + +41:18.180 --> 41:21.260 +code that's been running at PARC with + +41:21.260 --> 41:24.640 +commercially available, extended + +41:24.640 --> 41:27.500 +commercially available software using + +41:27.500 --> 41:31.640 +pages as the sort of basic platform for + +41:31.640 --> 41:35.540 +it. They now have an intern who's + +41:35.540 --> 41:38.660 +dedicated 25 hours a week to scanning and + +41:38.660 --> 41:42.040 +maintaining the project files. We have at + +41:42.040 --> 41:44.580 +last count about 1,250 documents in there, + +41:44.720 --> 41:47.140 +which just to give you a sense, I mean if + +41:47.140 --> 41:49.380 +you say documents, it turns out documents + +41:49.380 --> 41:51.820 +average about five pages. That of course + +41:51.820 --> 41:53.280 +doesn't mean it all. I mean they range + +41:53.280 --> 41:55.700 +from lots of one pagers to long documents. + +41:55.820 --> 41:59.480 +But it's about 1,250 roughly times five is + +41:59.480 --> 42:01.200 +the number of actual pages that we have. + +42:01.200 --> 42:03.900 +And for those of you who are interested in + +42:03.900 --> 42:06.060 +it takes about a gigabyte of storage at + +42:06.060 --> 42:08.140 +this point with another megabyte for the + +42:08.140 --> 42:08.660 +metadata. + +42:11.980 --> 42:14.660 +Okay, some things that we've learned about + +42:14.660 --> 42:17.460 +scanning because along with the intern + +42:17.460 --> 42:19.980 +that they've hired, we ourselves have done + +42:19.980 --> 42:22.160 +an enormous amount of scanning and learned + +42:22.160 --> 42:25.760 +a great deal from it. You know, again this + +42:25.760 --> 42:27.220 +sort of goes back to what I was saying + +42:27.220 --> 42:28.860 +about filing. There are all these things + +42:28.860 --> 42:32.220 +that are almost too mundane to mention, + +42:32.360 --> 42:33.800 +but when you're actually sitting there + +42:33.800 --> 42:35.420 +scanning documents, they become quite + +42:35.420 --> 42:38.940 +salient. Things like you have a stack and + +42:38.940 --> 42:41.100 +it's not always completely clear what + +42:41.100 --> 42:43.160 +should constitute a single document. + +42:43.660 --> 42:47.360 +Should this thing be scanned as a single + +42:47.360 --> 42:50.420 +document or as multiple documents? A + +42:50.420 --> 42:52.360 +little bit of judgment has to be exercised + +42:52.360 --> 42:54.000 +there. You know, you've got to give the + +42:54.000 --> 42:56.500 +document a name to store it on the hard + +42:56.500 --> 42:59.320 +drive on your PC. And so you've got to + +42:59.320 --> 43:01.040 +sort of come up with something. And it + +43:01.040 --> 43:02.800 +turns out that we display the names, and + +43:02.800 --> 43:04.400 +so it's actually useful if they say a + +43:04.400 --> 43:06.880 +little bit about the document. And then + +43:06.880 --> 43:08.040 +you've got to deal with the kind of + +43:08.040 --> 43:09.760 +heterogeneity that these documents have. + +43:10.240 --> 43:12.420 +For example, there are a lot of documents + +43:12.420 --> 43:14.220 +that have some pages, portrait, and some + +43:14.220 --> 43:17.040 +landscape. And, you know, there are issues + +43:17.040 --> 43:18.960 +there. You throw them all in the scanner. + +43:18.960 --> 43:21.000 +one of the really nice things that Pages + +43:21.000 --> 43:23.760 +does is you can view all of the thumbnails + +43:23.760 --> 43:25.360 +of all the documents that you've scanned + +43:25.360 --> 43:28.060 +and very easily rotate. So we go in and we + +43:28.060 --> 43:29.920 +rotate the documents so that when the + +43:29.920 --> 43:31.520 +thumbnails are displayed, everything will + +43:31.520 --> 43:34.980 +be nicely oriented in the right way, which + +43:34.980 --> 43:36.580 +is great for viewing the documents, but + +43:36.580 --> 43:37.940 +then of course when you're going to go to + +43:37.940 --> 43:41.540 +print them, you need to both reorient them + +43:41.540 --> 43:43.580 +and rescale them again. So there are + +43:43.580 --> 43:46.100 +translations between scanning and viewing + +43:46.100 --> 43:48.640 +and printing around page orientation that + +43:48.640 --> 43:51.720 +have become an issue. And there are + +43:51.720 --> 43:54.200 +variously sized pages. Pages again + +43:54.200 --> 43:56.220 +supports really nicely, you know, you do + +43:56.220 --> 43:58.900 +the 8.5 by 11s and then you add the, you + +43:58.900 --> 44:00.600 +do the others on the platen and you add + +44:00.600 --> 44:03.620 +them. So a lot of this, and again, it's + +44:03.620 --> 44:06.220 +essential to be able to easily go in and + +44:06.220 --> 44:09.120 +rescan a document, replace a particular + +44:09.120 --> 44:11.820 +page and also to see what you've done + +44:11.820 --> 44:13.620 +after you scan them and to be able to go + +44:13.620 --> 44:16.680 +in there and reorder pages reorient things + +44:16.680 --> 44:19.460 +all of that actually pages does really + +44:19.460 --> 44:22.520 +well which is why we're we're relying on + +44:22.520 --> 44:25.160 +it to a great deal now of course you get + +44:25.160 --> 44:27.120 +to the documents in the project files + +44:27.120 --> 44:30.780 +through a home page and we have this + +44:30.780 --> 44:34.580 +project files home page it may be a little + +44:34.580 --> 44:36.460 +hard for you to read it so you know you + +44:36.460 --> 44:38.280 +can select search the project files that + +44:38.280 --> 44:39.680 +which takes you to the search interface + +44:39.680 --> 44:41.740 +which I'll show you add a new document + +44:41.740 --> 44:44.000 +takes you to the coding form that I'll + +44:44.000 --> 44:46.240 +show you and then of their various ways in + +44:46.240 --> 44:48.160 +which you can review the whole collection + +44:48.160 --> 44:52.220 +by dates by the arranged according to the + +44:52.220 --> 44:58.720 +uniform filing system and then various + +44:58.720 --> 45:00.920 +kinds of administrative operations that it + +45:00.920 --> 45:02.560 +turns out to be really useful to have like + +45:02.560 --> 45:05.380 +a change log that shows what the status of + +45:05.380 --> 45:08.200 +documents that have been scanned but not + +45:08.200 --> 45:12.240 +yet indexed is and things like that. We + +45:12.240 --> 45:16.240 +have a web-based form so that after you've + +45:16.240 --> 45:18.820 +used Pages to scan your document, you go + +45:18.820 --> 45:22.340 +in and you bring it up and then you can + +45:22.340 --> 45:26.340 +code it in a variety of ways. The + +45:26.340 --> 45:29.140 +interesting thing about this form is the + +45:29.140 --> 45:31.640 +number of times it's changed since we've + +45:31.640 --> 45:34.340 +been working with them. Once they really + +45:34.340 --> 45:38.020 +got into using this form, they began to + +45:38.020 --> 45:40.820 +see ways in which actually the initial + +45:40.820 --> 45:44.120 +things which they said made sense. Like we + +45:44.120 --> 45:46.080 +started out with a bunch of keywords, + +45:46.260 --> 45:48.160 +which then got differentiated into things + +45:48.160 --> 45:50.060 +like source and recipient, as we have + +45:50.060 --> 45:53.060 +here. And the issue there is that it's + +45:53.060 --> 45:56.020 +become clear to us how essential it is + +45:56.020 --> 45:58.420 +that this kind of a form be tailorable and + +45:58.420 --> 46:01.340 +modifiable. And that presents, we've + +46:01.340 --> 46:03.340 +probably done a half a dozen iterations on + +46:03.340 --> 46:05.800 +the design of this form in the last six + +46:05.800 --> 46:07.140 +months to a year that we've been working + +46:07.140 --> 46:10.400 +with them. This poses a real challenge for + +46:10.400 --> 46:12.580 +us in attempting to move this thing into + +46:12.580 --> 46:14.220 +their environment and extricate ourselves + +46:14.220 --> 46:16.340 +because at the moment these changes are + +46:16.340 --> 46:18.020 +done through very close collaboration + +46:18.020 --> 46:22.060 +between the engineers and Randy where they + +46:22.060 --> 46:24.220 +tell him the changes that they want and he + +46:24.220 --> 46:26.760 +implements them. How do we deal with that? + +46:26.840 --> 46:28.420 +That's obviously going to be essential. + +46:29.740 --> 46:33.160 +Once you've coded your document, you go + +46:33.160 --> 46:35.720 +down. This is the second page which + +46:35.720 --> 46:38.040 +printed out doesn't fit onto a single + +46:38.040 --> 46:40.800 +sheet. You go down to the bottom and you + +46:40.800 --> 46:45.820 +say submit document and document info. And + +46:45.820 --> 46:47.660 +then it goes through this, at the moment, + +46:47.700 --> 46:50.760 +this sort of trip over to park and back + +46:50.760 --> 46:54.260 +again. But eventually that will just + +46:54.260 --> 46:57.780 +basically put it onto a web server in + +46:57.780 --> 47:01.540 +their environment. Again, some + +47:01.540 --> 47:04.300 +observations about coding documents, which + +47:04.300 --> 47:06.540 +we've also done a lot of and talked to + +47:06.540 --> 47:10.120 +them about a lot. It turns out that + +47:10.120 --> 47:13.400 +there's a requirement for a lot of + +47:13.400 --> 47:15.660 +flexibility around the question of who + +47:15.660 --> 47:17.600 +codes documents and who scans them. And + +47:17.600 --> 47:19.820 +one of the things that they wanted and + +47:19.820 --> 47:22.040 +that we provided is a paper version of the + +47:22.040 --> 47:24.780 +online coding form. Which means that + +47:24.780 --> 47:27.440 +engineers who are sitting at their desks + +47:27.440 --> 47:29.620 +with a pile of documents can just take + +47:29.620 --> 47:32.900 +this paper form, code it, paper clip it to + +47:32.900 --> 47:34.380 +the front of the document, put it in that + +47:34.380 --> 47:36.620 +inbox, and then the intern can scan it. + +47:36.820 --> 47:38.660 +The intern also does coding himself + +47:38.660 --> 47:39.920 +online. + +47:42.100 --> 47:43.940 +Engineers could do online coding from + +47:43.940 --> 47:45.880 +their desks if they were into that. But + +47:45.880 --> 47:48.520 +basically, it's the more alternatives + +47:48.520 --> 47:50.900 +there are for how to do this, the better. + +47:51.960 --> 47:54.060 +Again, a lot of flexibility in the amount + +47:54.060 --> 47:56.260 +of coding. Either you can do very, very + +47:56.260 --> 47:59.100 +minimal coding, basically give it a + +47:59.100 --> 48:01.600 +uniform file system category, or you can + +48:01.600 --> 48:04.000 +do increasingly elaborate, and you can do + +48:04.000 --> 48:05.880 +that either at the time that you scan it + +48:05.880 --> 48:08.520 +or later. So we've been trying to give + +48:08.520 --> 48:12.980 +them a lot of different ways of organizing + +48:12.980 --> 48:17.200 +the time and the place and how much or + +48:17.200 --> 48:19.160 +little of this work gets done. And that + +48:19.160 --> 48:20.960 +seems essential for making the thing + +48:20.960 --> 48:24.940 +really, really useful, usable and useful. + +48:26.780 --> 48:29.360 +Again, now that things, once things have + +48:29.360 --> 48:32.420 +actually been entered into the online + +48:32.420 --> 48:35.340 +repository, there are a whole lot of new + +48:35.340 --> 48:37.500 +ways to be able to see the collection. You + +48:37.500 --> 48:39.640 +can still look at all of the, look at the + +48:39.640 --> 48:41.180 +collection according to the uniform filing + +48:41.180 --> 48:43.880 +system, but now, oh sorry, I meant to put + +48:43.880 --> 48:46.840 +this one up for you, but now of course you + +48:46.840 --> 48:51.080 +have active links. So you can actually go + +48:51.080 --> 48:53.220 +in and you can see how many documents + +48:53.220 --> 48:54.900 +there are in a given category. You can + +48:54.900 --> 48:56.680 +click on the link and you can see all of + +48:56.680 --> 48:59.640 +those documents. So it's preserving the + +48:59.640 --> 49:03.120 +old way of organizing the collection, but + +49:03.120 --> 49:05.500 +with some new ways of being able to see it + +49:05.500 --> 49:09.320 +and get at it. One thing that's turned out + +49:09.320 --> 49:11.140 +to be really useful for them is that you + +49:11.140 --> 49:12.620 +can organize, you can see the whole + +49:12.620 --> 49:15.180 +collection ordered by dates from the most + +49:15.180 --> 49:18.320 +recent documents. It turns out that in + +49:18.320 --> 49:20.800 +thinking about a document when people, + +49:20.840 --> 49:22.400 +when they're going to look for it, people + +49:22.400 --> 49:25.260 +very often know, well you know this is a + +49:25.260 --> 49:27.440 +letter that was sent to us back in March + +49:27.440 --> 49:30.460 +of last year. So it's really helpful to be + +49:30.460 --> 49:32.120 +able to go in and look at all the + +49:32.120 --> 49:33.800 +documents from from March of last year. + +49:35.460 --> 49:39.360 +You can actually view thumbnail images of + +49:39.360 --> 49:42.220 +all of the document. One of the options is + +49:42.220 --> 49:44.080 +to code documents by the type of document + +49:44.080 --> 49:45.800 +they are. So is it a letter? Is it a + +49:45.800 --> 49:49.740 +report? Is it a memo? And you can, again, + +49:49.920 --> 49:52.440 +just see what you've got in the collection + +49:52.440 --> 49:56.440 +in that way. In addition to various ways + +49:56.440 --> 49:58.900 +of viewing it, obviously you can search. + +49:59.180 --> 50:01.600 +And this is the kind of, it's a hybrid + +50:01.600 --> 50:03.360 +search interface, as I said because it + +50:03.360 --> 50:05.700 +allows you to combine you know a full text + +50:05.700 --> 50:10.320 +search with properties plus getting back a + +50:10.320 --> 50:12.640 +view of your hits as thumbnails which you + +50:12.640 --> 50:15.860 +can then scan in something like the way + +50:15.860 --> 50:18.780 +that you would scan a paper collection and + +50:18.780 --> 50:22.940 +you can also display that the returns the + +50:22.940 --> 50:24.460 +results of a search in different ways you + +50:24.460 --> 50:26.560 +can display them as thumbnails you can + +50:26.560 --> 50:28.420 +also display them in this kind of tabular + +50:28.420 --> 50:30.840 +form if it's more helpful to see + +50:30.840 --> 50:32.480 +everything that comes back by dates So + +50:32.480 --> 50:34.240 +again, the point here is that there are + +50:34.240 --> 50:38.540 +many different ways in which things can be + +50:38.540 --> 50:41.500 +configured. And it turns out that how you + +50:41.500 --> 50:43.780 +want it configured is very much tied to + +50:43.780 --> 50:46.280 +what you know when you go to do the + +50:46.280 --> 50:49.640 +search. Shapes how you want to actually + +50:49.640 --> 50:53.440 +view the collection. Once you find a + +50:53.440 --> 50:56.800 +document that you're looking for, you can + +50:56.800 --> 51:01.040 +view it in multiple thumbnail sizes. So + +51:01.040 --> 51:03.440 +here's a single document with all of its + +51:03.440 --> 51:06.500 +pages laid out. You can see this issue of + +51:06.500 --> 51:08.640 +portrait and landscape in a single + +51:08.640 --> 51:10.660 +document. And then, of course, you can go + +51:10.660 --> 51:14.480 +in and view any of the pages. And you can + +51:14.480 --> 51:16.240 +see from this how important the images are + +51:16.240 --> 51:17.800 +because a lot of the documents in this + +51:17.800 --> 51:20.860 +collection, once you do OCR, you get back + +51:20.860 --> 51:23.380 +practically nothing. And even the + +51:23.380 --> 51:25.680 +documents that you get a lot back from OCR + +51:25.680 --> 51:28.500 +have, in addition, various kinds of + +51:28.500 --> 51:31.120 +marginalia annotations that that you lose + +51:31.120 --> 51:34.920 +so we're very much believers in the idea + +51:34.920 --> 51:37.000 +that you need both you need to preserve + +51:37.000 --> 51:39.560 +images as well as providing people with + +51:39.560 --> 51:43.780 +text search and then Randy has actually + +51:43.780 --> 51:45.820 +created in an attempt to address this + +51:45.820 --> 51:49.220 +problem of user modification of the of the + +51:49.220 --> 51:52.640 +coding scheme Randy's actually provided a + +51:52.640 --> 51:55.640 +an interface for them that allows them to + +51:55.640 --> 51:57.400 +do the the relatively straightforward + +51:57.400 --> 51:59.580 +things like take all the documents that + +51:59.580 --> 52:02.560 +were called this and now call them that or + +52:02.560 --> 52:06.940 +add this new category. The tricky part of + +52:06.940 --> 52:08.980 +course that we're dealing with now is as + +52:08.980 --> 52:11.800 +they do more elaborate reconfigurations of + +52:11.800 --> 52:14.120 +their coding scheme that have + +52:14.120 --> 52:16.640 +ramifications back through the already + +52:16.640 --> 52:19.080 +coded documents, Randy has to write more + +52:19.080 --> 52:20.880 +and more elaborate scripts that will go + +52:20.880 --> 52:25.520 +back and recode the collection and the + +52:25.520 --> 52:28.000 +really difficult question that we face is + +52:28.000 --> 52:31.240 +when we leave how can we make sure that + +52:31.240 --> 52:34.000 +this thing doesn't die in the next at the + +52:34.000 --> 52:35.840 +next point where they decide they want to + +52:35.840 --> 52:38.280 +to make a big change and aren't able to do + +52:38.280 --> 52:40.360 +it that's and that's that brings us into + +52:40.360 --> 52:41.740 +the whole question of what kind of + +52:41.740 --> 52:45.320 +continuing organizational and and human + +52:45.320 --> 52:48.640 +support there's going to be okay to + +52:48.640 --> 52:52.860 +summarize the the two aspects aspects of + +52:52.860 --> 52:55.240 +what this project has meant in terms of + +52:55.240 --> 52:58.420 +designing. There's the project of + +52:58.420 --> 53:00.380 +configuring a working prototype which + +53:00.380 --> 53:02.220 +we've done by, you know, we got a first + +53:02.220 --> 53:04.160 +approximation running in our lab, we moved + +53:04.160 --> 53:07.400 +it over to their organization keeping some + +53:07.400 --> 53:10.660 +of the processing work at park and now + +53:10.660 --> 53:12.080 +we're trying to actually move the whole + +53:12.080 --> 53:16.600 +thing onto their intranet. And then a lot + +53:16.600 --> 53:18.040 +of what we've been doing has been + +53:18.040 --> 53:20.960 +configuring a working practice in relation + +53:20.960 --> 53:23.980 +to that prototype. Working out flexible + +53:23.980 --> 53:26.800 +divisions of labor. As I said, this idea + +53:26.800 --> 53:28.620 +of paper coding forms came out of that. + +53:30.140 --> 53:33.780 +Being sure that you can review and + +53:33.780 --> 53:37.000 +manipulate your page images. Scanning + +53:37.000 --> 53:39.940 +really requires, you can't do it blind. + +53:40.240 --> 53:41.660 +You want to see what you've done and you + +53:41.660 --> 53:43.700 +want to be able to go in there and fix + +53:43.700 --> 53:46.720 +things. And support for this kind of + +53:46.720 --> 53:48.940 +iterative document coding. So you code a + +53:48.940 --> 53:50.960 +document maybe a bit when you scan it and + +53:50.960 --> 53:52.700 +then you add things or you change things + +53:52.700 --> 53:54.820 +later on. Maybe even when you go to search + +53:54.820 --> 53:56.160 +for it and you bring it up and you see how + +53:56.160 --> 53:57.640 +it was coded and you say, oh, I don't + +53:57.640 --> 54:00.500 +really like that. I want to revise it. And + +54:00.500 --> 54:04.000 +then on a larger scale, support for this + +54:04.000 --> 54:06.660 +kind of extensible and modifiable metadata + +54:06.660 --> 54:09.980 +that seems so important. Some of the + +54:09.980 --> 54:16.200 +issues for them, if this effort is + +54:16.200 --> 54:19.460 +successful, is that if we were actually to + +54:19.460 --> 54:21.240 +get to the point where this collection was + +54:21.240 --> 54:23.580 +online and available in a distributed way, + +54:23.800 --> 54:26.940 +the project team is no longer the + +54:26.940 --> 54:28.580 +interface to the collection in the way + +54:28.580 --> 54:29.900 +that they have been before, which has + +54:29.900 --> 54:33.080 +afforded tremendous value in various ways. + +54:33.080 --> 54:36.680 +These documents are in principle available + +54:36.680 --> 54:40.280 +to anyone, but of course it's a big + +54:40.280 --> 54:43.800 +difference if all of the requests go + +54:43.800 --> 54:46.020 +through you, or if people in unknown + +54:46.020 --> 54:49.060 +places are doing unknown things with the + +54:49.060 --> 54:52.060 +collection. So access controls that now + +54:52.060 --> 54:54.260 +are largely taken care of through the + +54:54.260 --> 54:56.160 +practicalities of the medium, because + +54:56.160 --> 54:58.420 +these things exist in one place, nobody + +54:58.420 --> 55:00.440 +else knows how to find anything in them, + +55:00.440 --> 55:02.980 +now have to be addressed much more + +55:02.980 --> 55:07.880 +explicitly. And very important and very + +55:07.880 --> 55:10.580 +salient for us at the moment is where, of + +55:10.580 --> 55:12.700 +course, at this point we're keeping all of + +55:12.700 --> 55:15.640 +these documents on paper in the old way. + +55:16.760 --> 55:18.860 +Eventually, I would imagine, there would + +55:18.860 --> 55:22.380 +be some mix. A lot of them would no longer + +55:22.380 --> 55:24.080 +be kept in the binders once they were + +55:24.080 --> 55:26.660 +online. Others of them would be kept in + +55:26.660 --> 55:27.960 +the binders because you'd want the + +55:27.960 --> 55:30.320 +original for various reasons. And so there + +55:30.320 --> 55:33.460 +are very complicated questions about how + +55:33.460 --> 55:35.760 +you're going to maintain the coherence of + +55:35.760 --> 55:39.000 +the media, of the paper and the digital + +55:39.000 --> 55:41.540 +renderings of the documents. And then + +55:41.540 --> 55:43.720 +finally, this larger question of + +55:43.720 --> 55:47.060 +maintaining the coherence of your coding + +55:47.060 --> 55:50.380 +categories, both with respect to the paper + +55:50.380 --> 55:52.920 +and the digital documents, and how you do + +55:52.920 --> 55:54.760 +that both over time. we've already seen, + +55:54.800 --> 55:56.760 +as I said, tremendously dynamic changes + +55:56.760 --> 55:58.920 +there within the project team that we're + +55:58.920 --> 56:01.280 +working with over the year or so that + +56:01.280 --> 56:03.240 +we've had the prototype running. And then + +56:03.240 --> 56:05.720 +once you have multiple project teams + +56:05.720 --> 56:08.740 +working with a collection, it becomes an + +56:08.740 --> 56:11.660 +even more challenging kind of coordination + +56:11.660 --> 56:16.040 +problem. I'll end with a slogan. slogan, + +56:16.060 --> 56:20.960 +which is really a slogan that refers to + +56:20.960 --> 56:23.540 +this whole approach to doing this kind of + +56:23.540 --> 56:26.680 +work oriented design approach. I was often + +56:26.680 --> 56:30.060 +asked, well the impression I got from many + +56:30.060 --> 56:32.780 +of my colleagues at PARC in the early days + +56:32.780 --> 56:34.440 +when I was arguing for this kind of work + +56:34.440 --> 56:38.000 +was, if we go out and look at the way + +56:38.000 --> 56:40.280 +people are currently working, it will have + +56:40.280 --> 56:44.340 +this deeply conservative effect on us. + +56:44.340 --> 56:47.620 +will end up just replicating what they're + +56:47.620 --> 56:51.180 +doing now. And it's better if we just sort + +56:51.180 --> 56:56.060 +of freely imagine the possibilities. And + +56:56.060 --> 57:00.180 +my response to that is, well, if you in a + +57:00.180 --> 57:04.060 +very sort of flat-footed way went about + +57:04.060 --> 57:06.780 +trying to replicate exactly, well, first + +57:06.780 --> 57:08.980 +of all, I think the premise that there is, + +57:09.100 --> 57:13.000 +that until we as designers come along, the + +57:13.000 --> 57:16.560 +world is a stagnant place. That people are + +57:16.560 --> 57:18.160 +basically sitting there doing the same + +57:18.160 --> 57:19.660 +thing over and over again and it's only + +57:19.660 --> 57:21.580 +when brilliant and innovative designers + +57:21.580 --> 57:23.600 +come on the scene that they say, oh, you + +57:23.600 --> 57:24.820 +know, we could be doing it differently. + +57:25.080 --> 57:27.140 +That's not my experience. Every workplace + +57:27.140 --> 57:29.860 +I've ever been in, there are people in the + +57:29.860 --> 57:32.940 +workplace who, not everyone, but there are + +57:32.940 --> 57:35.500 +always people who are pretty continually + +57:35.500 --> 57:38.460 +sort of reflecting in, you know, greater + +57:38.460 --> 57:39.840 +and lesser ways about what they're doing + +57:39.840 --> 57:41.420 +and trying to figure out how to do it + +57:41.420 --> 57:44.000 +differently. and our experience is that + +57:44.000 --> 57:46.160 +it's much more that it's hard to keep up + +57:46.160 --> 57:50.800 +with the dynamism of the organization of + +57:50.800 --> 57:53.340 +work practices than it is to get people to + +57:53.340 --> 57:57.800 +make any kinds of changes in what they're + +57:57.800 --> 58:01.300 +doing. So first of all, things aren't + +58:01.300 --> 58:03.120 +stagnant until we come along. And + +58:03.120 --> 58:06.640 +secondly, if we did come along and try to + +58:06.640 --> 58:10.240 +take an analysis of people's working + +58:10.240 --> 58:13.000 +practices as the basis for design, in the + +58:13.000 --> 58:15.080 +absence of any sort of imaginative + +58:15.080 --> 58:19.360 +activity, we might have a problem. We need + +58:19.360 --> 58:23.360 +to also engage in thinking about how + +58:23.360 --> 58:26.160 +things could be different. But the idea + +58:26.160 --> 58:28.140 +here is that, I mean, the crude way of + +58:28.140 --> 58:29.960 +putting this is it's better to design from + +58:29.960 --> 58:31.980 +knowledge than from ignorance, right? But + +58:31.980 --> 58:36.200 +I think that the goal that we're after is + +58:36.200 --> 58:40.980 +to try to get enough of a mutual + +58:40.980 --> 58:43.380 +understanding, and this comes very much + +58:43.380 --> 58:45.260 +out of the tradition of Scandinavian + +58:45.260 --> 58:47.120 +systems design that we've been deeply + +58:47.120 --> 58:50.120 +influenced by, the idea that people doing + +58:50.120 --> 58:53.020 +a particular kind of work using relevant + +58:53.020 --> 58:55.280 +technologies need to have enough of an + +58:55.280 --> 58:56.520 +understanding of what the technological + +58:56.520 --> 59:00.520 +possibilities are that they can engage in + +59:00.520 --> 59:03.120 +thinking intelligently about what the + +59:03.120 --> 59:05.100 +possibilities could be. And that's what + +59:05.100 --> 59:07.920 +our running prototype in this worksite is + +59:07.920 --> 59:10.520 +doing. It's giving people in the worksite + +59:10.520 --> 59:13.200 +the ability to imagine what the + +59:13.200 --> 59:14.880 +technology, to have enough of an + +59:14.880 --> 59:16.380 +understanding of what the technology does + +59:16.380 --> 59:17.980 +to be able to imagine what it could do. + +59:18.140 --> 59:21.060 +And similarly for us, we need not to + +59:21.060 --> 59:22.780 +become civil engineers. That would require + +59:22.780 --> 59:26.800 +many lifetimes to do that in all of the + +59:26.800 --> 59:29.880 +sites where we might want to design. But + +59:29.880 --> 59:31.220 +we need to develop enough of an + +59:31.220 --> 59:33.420 +appreciation for what their issues are + +59:33.420 --> 59:36.440 +that we, in turn, can think intelligently + +59:36.440 --> 59:39.420 +about their work. And doing the kind of + +59:39.420 --> 59:41.840 +projects that we're doing on site in the + +59:41.840 --> 59:44.040 +way that we're doing them enables that + +59:44.040 --> 59:47.720 +sort of collaboration so that you get what + +59:47.720 --> 59:49.940 +I think is a very powerful combination of + +59:49.940 --> 59:53.600 +grounded understanding of existing + +59:53.600 --> 59:58.800 +practice plus imagination of how things + +59:58.800 --> 01:00:02.580 +might be different. So I'll stop there and + +01:00:02.580 --> 01:00:05.980 +take questions. Yeah. What are your + +01:00:05.980 --> 01:00:09.120 +thoughts at the moment on purging and on + +01:00:09.120 --> 01:00:12.040 +archiving machine-readable forms? + +01:00:16.020 --> 01:00:20.480 +Well, if we get to stay around long enough + +01:00:20.480 --> 01:00:23.600 +we'll see because in terms of archiving + +01:00:23.600 --> 01:00:27.280 +it's a very explicit part of this project + +01:00:27.280 --> 01:00:31.040 +files process that a subset of the + +01:00:31.040 --> 01:00:33.000 +documents in the project files go into a + +01:00:33.000 --> 01:00:36.200 +history file. In paper. Now at the moment + +01:00:36.200 --> 01:00:38.740 +everything is in paper. So, but that means + +01:00:38.740 --> 01:00:40.300 +that if we have an online collection, + +01:00:40.660 --> 01:00:42.860 +eventually a subset of that online + +01:00:42.860 --> 01:00:46.440 +collection will need to be archived. And + +01:00:46.440 --> 01:00:50.620 +another, presumably some other documents + +01:00:50.620 --> 01:00:52.220 +that are useful in the course of the + +01:00:52.220 --> 01:00:54.080 +project will no longer be needed. I read + +01:00:54.080 --> 01:00:55.660 +an article in the New York News very + +01:00:55.660 --> 01:00:58.540 +recently about the fact that even DVDs are + +01:00:58.540 --> 01:01:01.020 +now known to deteriorate much more rapidly + +01:01:01.020 --> 01:01:04.000 +than anyone expected they would. Much + +01:01:04.000 --> 01:01:06.800 +faster than film, for example. And now + +01:01:06.800 --> 01:01:08.380 +this is a more general question to someone + +01:01:08.380 --> 01:01:12.820 +from PARC. What are you going to use to + +01:01:12.820 --> 01:01:15.680 +archive records? Yeah, I am not an + +01:01:15.680 --> 01:01:17.800 +archivist, but I think that, I know that's + +01:01:17.800 --> 01:01:20.200 +a really serious and pressing question + +01:01:20.200 --> 01:01:24.660 +because archivists know a lot about paper + +01:01:24.660 --> 01:01:27.500 +as a medium. And there's been a huge + +01:01:27.500 --> 01:01:31.140 +amount of work done to develop kinds of + +01:01:31.140 --> 01:01:33.320 +paper that are extremely durable, much + +01:01:33.320 --> 01:01:35.700 +more than we know or have done in relation + +01:01:35.700 --> 01:01:37.260 +to digital media. So I don't have the + +01:01:37.260 --> 01:01:39.700 +answer, but I think it's a very important + +01:01:39.700 --> 01:01:42.900 +question. Yeah? Have you looked at the + +01:01:42.900 --> 01:01:45.560 +change in practice after introduction of + +01:01:45.560 --> 01:01:47.180 +your prototype? You have a fascinating + +01:01:47.180 --> 01:01:49.380 +natural experiment. Any result from it? + +01:01:49.680 --> 01:01:52.300 +Oh, yeah. I mean, well, let's see. + +01:01:53.960 --> 01:01:57.060 +Obviously, before we were there, the + +01:01:57.060 --> 01:02:00.040 +practice was to take these documents and + +01:02:00.040 --> 01:02:02.440 +put them into the binders. and we've + +01:02:02.440 --> 01:02:07.000 +interjected an entire new sort of piece of + +01:02:07.000 --> 01:02:10.780 +work that we hope is going to be valuable + +01:02:10.780 --> 01:02:13.280 +enough that it's worth doing. At the + +01:02:13.280 --> 01:02:15.340 +moment, of course, they're doing both + +01:02:15.340 --> 01:02:17.340 +things so that after things are put into + +01:02:17.340 --> 01:02:19.040 +the online collection, they get put into + +01:02:19.040 --> 01:02:20.800 +the binders. I think it's... + +01:02:24.300 --> 01:02:26.860 +We've actually wondered what would be + +01:02:26.860 --> 01:02:30.140 +happening if we weren't there because the + +01:02:30.140 --> 01:02:34.500 +state of the documents that needed to go + +01:02:34.500 --> 01:02:36.800 +into the project files was reaching kind + +01:02:36.800 --> 01:02:40.720 +of a crisis point at the time when we + +01:02:40.720 --> 01:02:42.160 +actually got our prototype up and running. + +01:02:42.320 --> 01:02:43.520 +I mean there were just stacks of documents + +01:02:43.520 --> 01:02:46.900 +everywhere. It was out of control in part + +01:02:46.900 --> 01:02:48.840 +because the whole project is on an + +01:02:48.840 --> 01:02:50.960 +accelerated time frame and there's nobody + +01:02:50.960 --> 01:02:54.460 +to do that work. And so partly I think our + +01:02:54.460 --> 01:02:56.760 +being there, this this is a bit of a + +01:02:56.760 --> 01:02:58.580 +Hawthorne effect, but it's had now, I + +01:02:58.580 --> 01:02:59.960 +think, some really enduring consequences, + +01:03:00.300 --> 01:03:05.280 +was to raise the project files, both to + +01:03:05.280 --> 01:03:08.960 +raise their visibility within the team, + +01:03:09.180 --> 01:03:12.920 +and also we obviously put a lot of labor + +01:03:12.920 --> 01:03:15.120 +into getting the online collection + +01:03:15.120 --> 01:03:18.760 +together. I think what usually happens + +01:03:18.760 --> 01:03:20.840 +around the project files is that they're + +01:03:20.840 --> 01:03:25.040 +managed on an as-needed basis. So for a + +01:03:25.040 --> 01:03:27.180 +large part of the project people go along + +01:03:27.180 --> 01:03:29.900 +doing sort of crisis document search. They + +01:03:29.900 --> 01:03:31.580 +need to find something, they spend huge + +01:03:31.580 --> 01:03:34.680 +amounts of time searching through piles of + +01:03:34.680 --> 01:03:36.680 +documents. And then at the point where + +01:03:36.680 --> 01:03:38.600 +they're actually responsible for turning + +01:03:38.600 --> 01:03:41.420 +the collection over to someone else, they + +01:03:41.420 --> 01:03:44.160 +do a huge amount of work to pull the + +01:03:44.160 --> 01:03:45.700 +collection together. So the collection + +01:03:45.700 --> 01:03:48.620 +becomes more like a record than a useful + +01:03:48.620 --> 01:03:53.440 +resource in the actual work as it's going + +01:03:53.440 --> 01:03:57.520 +on. So I'm hoping that one of the effects + +01:03:57.520 --> 01:04:02.800 +of our intervention is to make the project + +01:04:02.800 --> 01:04:05.900 +files into much more of a sort of active + +01:04:05.900 --> 01:04:09.320 +resource and obviously cut down a great + +01:04:09.320 --> 01:04:10.560 +deal on the amount of time they spend + +01:04:10.560 --> 01:04:13.100 +searching through cardboard boxes and all + +01:04:13.100 --> 01:04:17.320 +the other stats that are around. Two + +01:04:17.320 --> 01:04:20.020 +questions. A lot of times people take old + +01:04:20.020 --> 01:04:21.780 +documents and modify them, either clipping + +01:04:21.780 --> 01:04:24.000 +notes to them or making changes to them. + +01:04:24.060 --> 01:04:25.460 +How do you handle that in the system? Are + +01:04:25.460 --> 01:04:26.660 +there multiple copies of the document, + +01:04:26.800 --> 01:04:30.140 +links or what? There are multiple copies, + +01:04:30.400 --> 01:04:33.040 +multiple versions of documents, and in a + +01:04:33.040 --> 01:04:35.520 +way that's fine. You know, we're one of, + +01:04:35.580 --> 01:04:38.640 +we don't worry, we've tried to keep an eye + +01:04:38.640 --> 01:04:41.040 +out for exact duplicates and not put exact + +01:04:41.040 --> 01:04:42.760 +duplicates in. But we've got many + +01:04:42.760 --> 01:04:44.980 +variations on documents with different + +01:04:44.980 --> 01:04:47.280 +annotations and I think one of the + +01:04:47.280 --> 01:04:49.500 +benefits of this kind of a system is that + +01:04:49.500 --> 01:04:52.120 +you can do that, you know, at a relatively + +01:04:52.120 --> 01:04:53.840 +low cost. And then when you do your + +01:04:53.840 --> 01:04:57.420 +search, you're going to get back all of + +01:04:57.420 --> 01:04:59.320 +the different versions and you can look + +01:04:59.320 --> 01:05:01.940 +for the one that you want. It's really up + +01:05:01.940 --> 01:05:05.300 +to them to decide which documents go into + +01:05:05.300 --> 01:05:07.420 +the collection. So I would say, you know, + +01:05:07.500 --> 01:05:11.060 +if something gets pulled out and modified, + +01:05:11.800 --> 01:05:13.540 +it's going to be their call whether it + +01:05:13.540 --> 01:05:16.240 +should then be rescanned in a new version. + +01:05:16.720 --> 01:05:18.300 +But we want to make the scanning easy + +01:05:18.300 --> 01:05:20.940 +enough that if you wanted to do that, it + +01:05:20.940 --> 01:05:22.440 +wouldn't be a big deal. The second + +01:05:22.440 --> 01:05:24.480 +question is, with the changing of the + +01:05:24.480 --> 01:05:27.820 +classification, How much of that is them + +01:05:27.820 --> 01:05:29.700 +learning the system and thinking about it + +01:05:29.700 --> 01:05:31.200 +for the first time versus they're moving + +01:05:31.200 --> 01:05:35.680 +on to different phases of the work? I + +01:05:35.680 --> 01:05:38.760 +think partly it's their thinking more + +01:05:38.760 --> 01:05:44.200 +about it. Partly their orientation to the + +01:05:44.200 --> 01:05:45.920 +classification scheme is tied to the + +01:05:45.920 --> 01:05:47.380 +particular thing that they're working on + +01:05:47.380 --> 01:05:49.640 +at the moment. For example, we just had a + +01:05:49.640 --> 01:05:52.940 +major revision to the filing system by one + +01:05:52.940 --> 01:05:55.440 +of the engineers who was given + +01:05:55.440 --> 01:05:58.400 +responsibility for doing some work around + +01:05:58.400 --> 01:06:01.480 +all of the task orders to consultants. So + +01:06:01.480 --> 01:06:04.180 +he was focused on the task orders to + +01:06:04.180 --> 01:06:06.020 +consultants. He looked at the previous + +01:06:06.020 --> 01:06:08.420 +classification scheme, and he didn't like + +01:06:08.420 --> 01:06:10.780 +the ways in which, you know, he was + +01:06:10.780 --> 01:06:11.980 +actually going to look for those things, + +01:06:12.020 --> 01:06:13.820 +and they were interspersed in ways that he + +01:06:13.820 --> 01:06:15.260 +didn't like, and he wanted to create a new + +01:06:15.260 --> 01:06:18.180 +category for them. So it's very much + +01:06:18.180 --> 01:06:22.200 +occasioned by you turn to do a particular + +01:06:22.200 --> 01:06:27.500 +task and you then find things that matter + +01:06:27.500 --> 01:06:29.840 +to you. And I think that kind of + +01:06:29.840 --> 01:06:32.240 +interweaving of the design of the + +01:06:32.240 --> 01:06:34.920 +classification scheme and the ongoing work + +01:06:34.920 --> 01:06:37.460 +is critical. You've got to be able to sort + +01:06:37.460 --> 01:06:39.320 +of work back and forth between the two. It + +01:06:39.320 --> 01:06:41.420 +doesn't happen all at once at the + +01:06:41.420 --> 01:06:44.040 +beginning. And it doesn't even happen at + +01:06:44.040 --> 01:06:47.080 +sort of predictable times. It happens as + +01:06:47.080 --> 01:06:50.120 +the spirit moves you and you actually + +01:06:50.120 --> 01:06:55.340 +care, then you focus on it. Yeah? I + +01:06:55.340 --> 01:06:58.800 +noticed in my experience, if I have some + +01:06:58.800 --> 01:07:04.100 +kind of archives, I put them on my desk so + +01:07:04.100 --> 01:07:06.460 +that I can remember that I need to look at + +01:07:06.460 --> 01:07:08.840 +these things. I'm wondering if you guys + +01:07:08.840 --> 01:07:11.320 +have thought about that in terms of those + +01:07:11.320 --> 01:07:12.860 +documents are actually a trigger to + +01:07:12.860 --> 01:07:14.700 +remember things. If they're in some kind + +01:07:14.700 --> 01:07:17.820 +of electronic form, it may not be as good + +01:07:17.820 --> 01:07:19.700 +of a trigger. Right, absolutely. I think + +01:07:19.700 --> 01:07:21.420 +the difference between having things sort + +01:07:21.420 --> 01:07:25.120 +of enclosed in a workstation and spread + +01:07:25.120 --> 01:07:29.260 +around is very important. In a way, that's + +01:07:29.260 --> 01:07:30.960 +about how things move between this sort of + +01:07:30.960 --> 01:07:33.940 +active and working status. But I think + +01:07:33.940 --> 01:07:35.240 +there are interesting possibilities, + +01:07:35.500 --> 01:07:38.100 +again, for new kinds of integration there. + +01:07:38.100 --> 01:07:40.060 +I mean one of the things that people at + +01:07:40.060 --> 01:07:41.680 +PARCC have been working on for a long time + +01:07:41.680 --> 01:07:46.980 +are these glyphs, basically barcode type + +01:07:46.980 --> 01:07:51.000 +images that you could put onto documents + +01:07:51.000 --> 01:07:55.260 +that are instructions for a machine + +01:07:55.260 --> 01:07:59.320 +readable. So one of the ideas is that you + +01:07:59.320 --> 01:08:02.140 +could have, it's been called document + +01:08:02.140 --> 01:08:04.500 +tokens, or let's say you have, I mean I've + +01:08:04.500 --> 01:08:05.760 +always thought it would be nice to have + +01:08:05.760 --> 01:08:08.160 +paper file cabinets, minutes, but instead + +01:08:08.160 --> 01:08:10.480 +of the whole papers I'd have first pages. + +01:08:11.460 --> 01:08:15.140 +And then you could take out that page and + +01:08:15.140 --> 01:08:18.620 +stick it into a scanner and get the whole + +01:08:18.620 --> 01:08:21.680 +document back out again. So variations on + +01:08:21.680 --> 01:08:24.040 +how we could both have those sort of + +01:08:24.040 --> 01:08:26.700 +mnemonic cues, but maybe not have in every + +01:08:26.700 --> 01:08:28.520 +case the whole document sitting around, + +01:08:28.760 --> 01:08:32.040 +for example. But that kind of playing with + +01:08:32.040 --> 01:08:34.120 +the relationship between the paper and the + +01:08:34.120 --> 01:08:37.140 +digital I think is really interesting, + +01:08:37.340 --> 01:08:40.860 +much more interesting direction than + +01:08:40.860 --> 01:08:43.760 +thinking about the paperless office. I + +01:08:43.760 --> 01:08:45.500 +think it would be interesting to see that + +01:08:45.500 --> 01:08:48.800 +people, a lot of people have personal post + +01:08:48.800 --> 01:08:51.320 +-it notes where although the documents are + +01:08:51.320 --> 01:08:52.720 +shared between everyone, there's some kind + +01:08:52.720 --> 01:08:55.120 +of system locally on their computer where + +01:08:55.120 --> 01:08:56.800 +they can add post-it notes to the files + +01:08:56.800 --> 01:08:58.880 +that represent their own files. Right. + +01:08:58.900 --> 01:09:00.660 +Well, if we're imagining this as a web + +01:09:00.660 --> 01:09:02.700 +-based thing, people should be able to + +01:09:02.700 --> 01:09:03.980 +create their own sub-collections. + +01:09:03.980 --> 01:09:05.440 +collections, people should be able to have + +01:09:05.440 --> 01:09:07.400 +their own sets of bookmarks obviously and + +01:09:07.400 --> 01:09:10.700 +do sort of personalized subsets of the + +01:09:10.700 --> 01:09:13.240 +project files. We've got a lot of post-its + +01:09:13.240 --> 01:09:14.840 +in the project files. We've been very + +01:09:14.840 --> 01:09:17.140 +conscientious about scanning everything, + +01:09:17.420 --> 01:09:19.900 +right? So we scan post-its and sometimes + +01:09:19.900 --> 01:09:22.500 +if it's a post-it that obscures the + +01:09:22.500 --> 01:09:24.740 +document, we'll do it twice so we'll have + +01:09:24.740 --> 01:09:26.760 +an image of the document with the post-it + +01:09:26.760 --> 01:09:28.640 +and then the page behind it, right? But + +01:09:28.640 --> 01:09:31.480 +those sorts of things, we take those + +01:09:31.480 --> 01:09:36.780 +seriously. Yeah? Have you started to + +01:09:36.780 --> 01:09:39.360 +gather any evidence on how people, without + +01:09:39.360 --> 01:09:41.860 +using both the paper files and the online + +01:09:41.860 --> 01:09:43.740 +version, are they starting, I mean, do you + +01:09:43.740 --> 01:09:45.640 +find them turning to search in one or the + +01:09:45.640 --> 01:09:48.800 +other? Yeah, I think it's too early to say + +01:09:48.800 --> 01:09:50.840 +that. We've been so focused on building + +01:09:50.840 --> 01:09:53.220 +this collection that we're just beginning. + +01:09:53.440 --> 01:09:55.220 +It's just now getting to the point where + +01:09:55.220 --> 01:09:59.340 +it's substantial enough, And it's, I think + +01:09:59.340 --> 01:10:01.800 +we're passing that threshold where we've + +01:10:01.800 --> 01:10:03.440 +got enough documents in the collection and + +01:10:03.440 --> 01:10:05.880 +it's going to be enough easier to find + +01:10:05.880 --> 01:10:08.560 +things in the collection than on paper + +01:10:08.560 --> 01:10:11.700 +that the search will really start. But + +01:10:11.700 --> 01:10:14.180 +that's where we're focused at the moment + +01:10:14.180 --> 01:10:16.620 +and I think it's too soon to say. We've + +01:10:16.620 --> 01:10:19.080 +gotten reports of, you know, I found a + +01:10:19.080 --> 01:10:21.040 +document using your system that I hadn't + +01:10:21.040 --> 01:10:23.260 +been able to find. But the sense I have is + +01:10:23.260 --> 01:10:27.880 +that it's still people probably go first + +01:10:27.880 --> 01:10:30.080 +to look for the thing on paper and then if + +01:10:30.080 --> 01:10:31.800 +they can't find it, they go to the system. + +01:10:31.960 --> 01:10:36.280 +We really have to get the system much more + +01:10:36.280 --> 01:10:38.880 +sort of on people's desktops so that, you + +01:10:38.880 --> 01:10:41.040 +know, we've put a bookmark on Dave's + +01:10:41.040 --> 01:10:43.680 +machine and we've made little cheat sheets + +01:10:43.680 --> 01:10:45.980 +about how easy it is to do search. But + +01:10:45.980 --> 01:10:47.540 +people aren't quite into it yet. yet they + +01:10:47.540 --> 01:10:50.120 +still view the intern as the kind of, that + +01:10:50.120 --> 01:10:51.680 +they'll go to him and he'll do an online + +01:10:51.680 --> 01:10:53.340 +search for them. So we're, I think, very + +01:10:53.340 --> 01:10:55.500 +much still in that process. + +01:10:59.660 --> 01:11:01.400 +Right. Well, I think that's going to + +01:11:01.400 --> 01:11:03.320 +depend on the document. In some cases, I + +01:11:03.320 --> 01:11:05.340 +think they'll print it out. In some cases, + +01:11:05.340 --> 01:11:06.740 +they'll want to go back and find the + +01:11:06.740 --> 01:11:11.680 +original. Yeah. I saw images of drawings, + +01:11:11.880 --> 01:11:15.240 +but I haven't read the CAD files. Right. + +01:11:15.240 --> 01:11:17.340 +They actually handle their CAD files, + +01:11:17.560 --> 01:11:21.580 +their actual plans separately from the + +01:11:21.580 --> 01:11:25.040 +project files at this point. And so we + +01:11:25.040 --> 01:11:29.120 +don't have, we have some printouts of + +01:11:29.120 --> 01:11:33.260 +plans that, you know, have some historical + +01:11:33.260 --> 01:11:35.380 +relationship to the current project. But + +01:11:35.380 --> 01:11:37.900 +their actual working CAD files are treated + +01:11:37.900 --> 01:11:42.880 +totally separately and are much more, at + +01:11:42.880 --> 01:11:46.620 +this point, online. than the rest of these + +01:11:46.620 --> 01:11:51.340 +documents. So not at this point. But + +01:11:51.340 --> 01:11:54.000 +that's going to be important eventually to + +01:11:54.000 --> 01:11:58.180 +do that. Yeah. You have been mentioning + +01:11:58.180 --> 01:12:01.520 +that there is a growing need to keep care + +01:12:01.520 --> 01:12:04.540 +of the coding. I mean, there is a kind of + +01:12:04.540 --> 01:12:08.000 +of all this stuff. And when the project + +01:12:08.000 --> 01:12:12.540 +gets larger, do you foresee the need to + +01:12:12.540 --> 01:12:14.500 +have someone taking care care of the + +01:12:14.500 --> 01:12:17.220 +Cesarus and then possibly undermining the + +01:12:17.220 --> 01:12:20.020 +economic benefits of the system or the + +01:12:20.460 --> 01:12:21.840 +benefits in terms of, is that the + +01:12:21.840 --> 01:12:24.720 +engineers caring for the Cesarus will + +01:12:24.720 --> 01:12:26.700 +overcome the fact that someone will have + +01:12:26.700 --> 01:12:28.680 +to be professionally involved in keeping + +01:12:28.680 --> 01:12:30.940 +the Cesarus? I do think that in order to + +01:12:30.940 --> 01:12:33.160 +get the value from the system, there will + +01:12:33.160 --> 01:12:35.260 +need to be some human resources invested + +01:12:35.260 --> 01:12:39.340 +in, particularly in the ongoing + +01:12:39.340 --> 01:12:41.820 +modification and maintenance of the + +01:12:41.820 --> 01:12:43.660 +collection, the kinds of things where we + +01:12:43.660 --> 01:12:45.900 +want to make a substantial enough change + +01:12:45.900 --> 01:12:48.360 +to the classification scheme that + +01:12:48.360 --> 01:12:50.060 +something's got to run over the collection + +01:12:50.060 --> 01:12:53.380 +and bring it up to date. And I think that + +01:12:53.380 --> 01:12:55.900 +is a new role that's really going to be + +01:12:55.900 --> 01:12:59.120 +crucial, which I would see as a relatively + +01:12:59.120 --> 01:13:01.600 +small investment that has the potential of + +01:13:01.600 --> 01:13:04.080 +actually making the rest of the investment + +01:13:04.080 --> 01:13:07.660 +pay off. But those are the kinds of, I + +01:13:07.660 --> 01:13:09.180 +think, really hard issues, practical + +01:13:09.180 --> 01:13:14.100 +issues around getting a system like this + +01:13:14.100 --> 01:13:18.020 +really implemented in an organization. Do + +01:13:18.020 --> 01:13:20.120 +you know if there was someone in the past + +01:13:20.120 --> 01:13:23.120 +before the cuts in the budgets that would + +01:13:23.120 --> 01:13:24.720 +do this work? So the technology is + +01:13:24.720 --> 01:13:26.400 +bringing back a figure that was there. + +01:13:26.600 --> 01:13:30.240 +Well in a way there is a, for example, one + +01:13:30.240 --> 01:13:34.220 +of the engineers now keeps a copy of the + +01:13:34.220 --> 01:13:36.800 +UFS, us actually uses an Excel spreadsheet + +01:13:36.800 --> 01:13:39.140 +because interesting I'm not quite sure why + +01:13:39.140 --> 01:13:40.600 +but I think because he likes all the + +01:13:40.600 --> 01:13:42.660 +columns and rows and everything and he + +01:13:42.660 --> 01:13:46.300 +actually goes in and edits edits that and + +01:13:46.300 --> 01:13:49.020 +so what what that would mean now is you + +01:13:49.020 --> 01:13:52.560 +get your new uniform filing system and + +01:13:52.560 --> 01:13:54.340 +then you'd have to go back and and make + +01:13:54.340 --> 01:13:56.100 +sure your binders were you know + +01:13:56.100 --> 01:13:58.240 +synchronized with that so there is a kind + +01:13:58.240 --> 01:14:00.120 +of version of it now but it involves a + +01:14:00.120 --> 01:14:01.980 +very different set of skills And we're + +01:14:01.980 --> 01:14:03.800 +talking about some programming skills here + +01:14:03.800 --> 01:14:05.360 +that take you into whole other + +01:14:05.360 --> 01:14:07.520 +departments. Then you get into the + +01:14:07.520 --> 01:14:09.560 +information systems department and you're + +01:14:09.560 --> 01:14:12.420 +into an entirely new sort of place in the + +01:14:12.420 --> 01:14:16.120 +organization. So it's, yeah. Have you + +01:14:16.120 --> 01:14:19.980 +found that formalizing + +01:14:19.980 --> 01:14:22.360 +the work processes and work flows, the + +01:14:22.360 --> 01:14:25.180 +roles of the people help you in figuring + +01:14:25.180 --> 01:14:26.900 +out what kind of coding system would be + +01:14:26.900 --> 01:14:29.800 +helpful? My immediate answer is no. I + +01:14:29.800 --> 01:14:31.060 +guess I should think about it a little bit + +01:14:31.060 --> 01:14:35.560 +more. I mean, it's so dynamic. They're + +01:14:35.560 --> 01:14:38.840 +constantly negotiating their sort of + +01:14:38.840 --> 01:14:40.960 +working division of labor within the + +01:14:40.960 --> 01:14:43.040 +group. And I mean, there are frameworks + +01:14:43.040 --> 01:14:47.900 +that come down centrally. There's a large + +01:14:47.900 --> 01:14:51.580 +procedure manual for projects at Caltrans, + +01:14:51.680 --> 01:14:54.900 +which is really a framework for, you know, + +01:14:54.900 --> 01:14:56.920 +here here are the sort of basic components + +01:14:56.920 --> 01:15:00.640 +of what you need to, what needs to shape a + +01:15:00.640 --> 01:15:03.620 +project. And then, you know, the lead + +01:15:03.620 --> 01:15:05.800 +engineers for the individual projects have + +01:15:05.800 --> 01:15:08.080 +a huge amount of discretion in the way + +01:15:08.080 --> 01:15:09.980 +that they organize their particular team, + +01:15:10.140 --> 01:15:12.440 +and that's changing all the time with the + +01:15:12.440 --> 01:15:14.140 +different phases of the project as they + +01:15:14.140 --> 01:15:15.800 +see what's working and what's not working. + +01:15:16.080 --> 01:15:18.540 +So I think it's such a moving target that, + +01:15:18.600 --> 01:15:21.320 +you know, a lot of what I've been talking + +01:15:21.320 --> 01:15:23.300 +about is trying to provide a kind of + +01:15:23.300 --> 01:15:28.040 +toolkit kit or a suite of resources that + +01:15:28.040 --> 01:15:29.760 +can be picked up and combined and + +01:15:29.760 --> 01:15:31.940 +recombined very flexibly. And that's + +01:15:31.940 --> 01:15:34.780 +essential because their own division of + +01:15:34.780 --> 01:15:38.080 +labor and their roles in the organization + +01:15:38.080 --> 01:15:43.560 +of the work is so dynamic. So in this kind + +01:15:43.560 --> 01:15:45.980 +of situation I'm not much of a believer in + +01:15:45.980 --> 01:15:48.420 +in, well, some of you know I'm not much of + +01:15:48.420 --> 01:15:51.180 +a believer in workflow, but definitely for + +01:15:51.180 --> 01:15:55.440 +this kind of worksite. I guess I was + +01:15:55.440 --> 01:15:57.100 +thinking at the document level thinking + +01:15:57.100 --> 01:16:00.940 +about flows and uses. That would help you. + +01:16:01.380 --> 01:16:03.500 +And whether there is then some meta models + +01:16:03.500 --> 01:16:05.820 +that would emerge. Well, I think the + +01:16:05.820 --> 01:16:07.200 +problem is that I think what you could + +01:16:07.200 --> 01:16:09.100 +come up with would be very schematic. It + +01:16:09.100 --> 01:16:10.840 +would be useful, but it would be very + +01:16:10.840 --> 01:16:15.820 +schematic. and the actual use would take + +01:16:15.820 --> 01:16:20.280 +you off into very sort of circumstantially + +01:16:20.280 --> 01:16:25.020 +organized cases that, I mean, at this + +01:16:25.020 --> 01:16:28.600 +point we haven't felt any need. I mean, + +01:16:28.600 --> 01:16:30.780 +obviously you could come along and + +01:16:30.780 --> 01:16:34.200 +describe the organization of work that's + +01:16:34.200 --> 01:16:38.680 +been set up in a model, but it's not clear + +01:16:38.680 --> 01:16:40.540 +to me what value it would have at this + +01:16:40.540 --> 01:16:40.800 +point. + +01:16:44.200 --> 01:16:49.060 +I wanted to ask, what are some of the, + +01:16:49.180 --> 01:16:51.300 +what you might call the innovation to come + +01:16:51.300 --> 01:16:54.140 +in the scanner as a product? I was trying + +01:16:54.140 --> 01:16:55.680 +to get your impression. It's one of the + +01:16:55.680 --> 01:16:58.140 +more labor intensive parts in this + +01:16:58.140 --> 01:17:02.540 +process. Are we expecting some new product + +01:17:02.540 --> 01:17:04.720 +from Xerox to replace the scanner as we + +01:17:04.720 --> 01:17:08.560 +know it today? Not that I can think of. I + +01:17:08.560 --> 01:17:10.520 +mean scanners, I don't, you know, scanners + +01:17:10.520 --> 01:17:14.500 +are great. I'm a great fan of scanners at + +01:17:14.500 --> 01:17:16.620 +this point. I think the software that + +01:17:16.620 --> 01:17:19.500 +controls the scanner is critical. And, I + +01:17:19.500 --> 01:17:21.460 +mean, I will definitely put in a plug for + +01:17:21.460 --> 01:17:25.600 +Pages. Pages Pro 2.0 is what we've been + +01:17:25.600 --> 01:17:26.980 +using. It's a wonderful application + +01:17:26.980 --> 01:17:29.200 +because it actually lets you see what + +01:17:29.200 --> 01:17:31.980 +you're doing. And it lets you go in and + +01:17:31.980 --> 01:17:35.360 +very, very easily, you get a row of + +01:17:35.360 --> 01:17:38.720 +thumbnails. You can reorder them. You can + +01:17:38.720 --> 01:17:42.920 +rotate things so that you can very, very + +01:17:42.920 --> 01:17:48.300 +easily, manually, but very easily make + +01:17:48.300 --> 01:17:51.040 +sure that the online document that you + +01:17:51.040 --> 01:17:53.400 +scan actually looks the way that you want + +01:17:53.400 --> 01:17:55.400 +it to look. Now, you can get, and + +01:17:55.400 --> 01:17:57.640 +actually, Pages also has wonderful sort of + +01:17:57.640 --> 01:17:59.820 +automatic de-skewing. And you can watch + +01:17:59.820 --> 01:18:01.540 +that happen too. It's very entertaining. + +01:18:01.720 --> 01:18:03.260 +You sit there and you see your little + +01:18:03.260 --> 01:18:04.920 +document get scanned and come up, and then + +01:18:04.920 --> 01:18:07.820 +you see pages align it, fix its alignment, + +01:18:07.900 --> 01:18:11.520 +and you go, oh, that's great. So I think + +01:18:11.520 --> 01:18:13.320 +it's a very, very nice piece of software + +01:18:13.320 --> 01:18:16.040 +because, as I say, it makes everything + +01:18:16.040 --> 01:18:17.860 +that's happening so visible. You can both + +01:18:17.860 --> 01:18:20.580 +see the things that you need to see in + +01:18:20.580 --> 01:18:22.500 +order to do the stuff manually that you + +01:18:22.500 --> 01:18:25.000 +need to do, and you can watch it doing + +01:18:25.000 --> 01:18:28.420 +what it's doing automatically. and you + +01:18:28.420 --> 01:18:30.160 +know you need some entertainment while + +01:18:30.160 --> 01:18:32.780 +you're doing this so it's helpful. + +01:18:37.380 --> 01:18:40.780 +Any others? I think we've exhausted + +01:18:40.780 --> 01:18:49.140 +ourselves. so how do + +01:18:49.140 --> 01:18:52.780 +they maintain + +01:18:52.780 --> 01:18:55.760 +the integrity of the binders so you don't + +01:18:55.760 --> 01:18:57.280 +have everybody looking and saying oh I + +01:18:57.280 --> 01:18:58.720 +need that and it doesn't bring to their + +01:18:58.720 --> 01:19:01.380 +desk it may or may not get back into that + +01:19:01.380 --> 01:19:03.660 +binder or it may not get back anywhere + +01:19:03.660 --> 01:19:05.940 +it's a problem It's a problem. It's a + +01:19:05.940 --> 01:19:07.540 +problem. It's a problem. And that's + +01:19:07.540 --> 01:19:09.340 +actually a problem, you know, again, which + +01:19:09.340 --> 01:19:12.500 +this would help address because you can + +01:19:12.500 --> 01:19:14.200 +print out a copy of the document and it's + +01:19:14.200 --> 01:19:18.920 +still there. All right, thanks a lot. + +01:19:37.000 --> 01:19:38.400 +Yeah. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/xs708yc4548.json b/docs/baseline/xs708yc4548.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..649622e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/xs708yc4548.json @@ -0,0 +1,348 @@ +{ + "cocinaVersion": "0.99.3", + "type": "https://cocina.sul.stanford.edu/models/media", + "externalIdentifier": "druid:xs708yc4548", + "label": "tibetan oral history (tibetan and english)", + "version": 5, + "access": { + "view": "world", + "download": "world", + "controlledDigitalLending": false + }, + "administrative": { + "hasAdminPolicy": "druid:pp818dw4992" + }, + "description": { + "title": [ + { + "structuredValue": [], + "parallelValue": [], + "groupedValue": [], + "value": "tibetan oral history (tibetan and english)", + "identifier": [], + "note": [], + "appliesTo": [] + } + ], + "contributor": [], + "event": [], + "form": [], + "geographic": [], + "language": [], + "note": [], + "identifier": [], + "subject": [], + 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Now + +00:52.300 --> 00:55.920 +I am particularly interested in this + +00:55.920 --> 00:59.040 +subject. I came connected with a firm + +00:59.040 --> 01:00.860 +called Salvage and Lee, it was a public + +01:00.860 --> 01:03.800 +relations firm. Now the reason I say this, + +01:03.820 --> 01:06.620 +because I was in charge, was having my + +01:06.620 --> 01:10.100 +opinions made biased or prejudiced or + +01:10.100 --> 01:13.040 +whatnot, because I am connected with this + +01:13.040 --> 01:15.900 +public relations firm. The only thing, I + +01:15.900 --> 01:18.160 +gave this a whole lot of thinking, and the + +01:18.160 --> 01:19.540 +reason I explained it, two years because + +01:19.540 --> 01:21.460 +there have been many questions asked about + +01:21.460 --> 01:25.440 +it throughout the country. I thought of it + +01:25.440 --> 01:28.060 +and I said, well, a soldier who is in the + +01:28.060 --> 01:30.580 +field, such as I'm a major in the reserve, + +01:30.840 --> 01:34.000 +I'm paid. Am I this less this lawyer + +01:34.000 --> 01:37.380 +because I'm paid? A man who's an + +01:37.380 --> 01:41.260 +ambassador, is he less loyal to the + +01:41.260 --> 01:43.760 +country because he's paid? On the other + +01:43.760 --> 01:46.020 +hand, a man has certain obligations to his + +01:46.020 --> 01:49.040 +family. I have three boys, one of them is + +01:49.040 --> 01:53.040 +going to college. and I thought I was + +01:53.040 --> 01:55.180 +going to proceed on this whole business, + +01:55.360 --> 01:59.100 +but nothing. My wife quickly discouraged + +01:59.100 --> 02:01.180 +me of that, reminding me that I had three + +02:01.180 --> 02:04.920 +sons and one of them in college, and I'd + +02:04.920 --> 02:08.180 +better think twice before proceeding on + +02:08.180 --> 02:10.980 +such a close of activity. Now that fully + +02:10.980 --> 02:13.620 +explains my situation so that you people + +02:13.620 --> 02:16.460 +can assess for yourselves house whatever i + +02:16.460 --> 02:19.940 +have to say if you want to do so now + +02:19.940 --> 02:25.680 +ladies and gentlemen when a man is a + +02:25.680 --> 02:30.020 +certain ethnic group and then he hears bad + +02:30.020 --> 02:33.260 +things about that ethnic group and all his + +02:33.260 --> 02:35.940 +life he's heard nothing but the best of + +02:35.940 --> 02:40.300 +his uh his ancestors or people from whom + +02:40.300 --> 02:42.980 +he is descendants and in my case i'm uh + +02:42.980 --> 02:45.860 +i'm not even the senator i was born there + +02:45.860 --> 02:48.640 +and i always thought the portuguese had a + +02:48.640 --> 02:51.660 +fine western reputation but they were + +02:51.660 --> 02:54.400 +people that made certain accountabilities + +02:54.400 --> 02:59.480 +in civilization especially in discovery + +02:59.480 --> 03:03.920 +pathology and science and navigation i + +03:03.920 --> 03:05.620 +also know and this I want to tell you + +03:05.620 --> 03:07.160 +something strange to you, that in the + +03:07.160 --> 03:09.540 +history of literature, the great + +03:09.540 --> 03:12.220 +contributions of the culture of today are + +03:12.220 --> 03:15.240 +entirely unknown. We have writers who are + +03:15.240 --> 03:17.120 +equal in dignity, intelligence, and + +03:17.120 --> 03:19.240 +humility. I say this because I've studied + +03:19.240 --> 03:21.340 +them, and I think I'm the native to make a + +03:21.340 --> 03:23.960 +comparison. We have also great grammars. + +03:24.160 --> 03:27.460 +We have probably the second outstanding + +03:27.460 --> 03:31.160 +epic poet of the world in Camões. Don't + +03:31.160 --> 03:34.120 +take it from my own authority. Take it + +03:34.120 --> 03:38.120 +from Cecil Bowles. Oh, my goodness. Come + +03:38.120 --> 03:44.980 +on, second only. Who are you? So I + +03:44.980 --> 03:47.680 +undertook, with all this interest, to look + +03:47.680 --> 03:49.600 +into several charges that were being made. + +03:49.700 --> 03:54.660 +One of the charges was that a human, and + +03:54.660 --> 03:59.260 +called her a Moslem, was a grave terror. A + +03:59.260 --> 04:00.060 +grave terror. + +04:02.840 --> 04:05.380 +Now, I may be approaching this wrong, but + +04:05.380 --> 04:07.200 +I'm going to do it so that you can push it + +04:07.200 --> 04:10.600 +in. A reign of terror, in my own opinion, + +04:10.820 --> 04:14.580 +at least it implies this, minimally + +04:14.580 --> 04:18.760 +implies it. An apprehension of fear. An + +04:18.760 --> 04:22.780 +intending danger. Now, if it doesn't imply + +04:22.780 --> 04:24.520 +that, if it doesn't have that, then I + +04:24.520 --> 04:27.020 +don't know what a reign of terror is. It + +04:27.020 --> 04:32.700 +may mean other things, but it may mean + +04:32.700 --> 04:35.720 +the exact course of place he lost in 1516. + +04:36.200 --> 04:41.140 +And there are the non-border Angola and + +04:41.140 --> 04:46.040 +the terrorist king Donald Trump and Hitler + +04:46.040 --> 04:46.430 +massacred + +04:49.390 --> 04:57.970 +Now if this job is very dangerous, I don't + +04:57.970 --> 05:03.770 +see it. I don't see it. I don't see it. + +05:04.190 --> 05:08.650 +Please hold the hand over. And I see about + +05:08.650 --> 05:12.610 +the eight. and, unfortunately, in 200,000 + +05:12.610 --> 05:18.670 +colors. A perfect makeup, where there was + +05:18.670 --> 05:22.610 +no lack of the green of the eyes and the + +05:22.610 --> 05:25.270 +brown of the color of the nose. Her + +05:25.270 --> 05:30.370 +husband, Alexei, at the time, wore the + +05:30.370 --> 05:35.410 +sun's halo with a heart-shaped coat. They + +05:35.410 --> 05:39.090 +traveled over the Euro, they traveled over + +05:39.090 --> 05:42.770 +the course, they reached the southern part + +05:42.770 --> 05:45.530 +of the country. They could not reach the + +05:45.530 --> 05:49.350 +northern part of the country. Tell me + +05:49.350 --> 05:52.350 +who's this? The great, small, established + +05:52.350 --> 05:57.510 +Soviet. The way it has to be. Some of the + +05:57.510 --> 05:59.390 +students don't stop without having a + +05:59.390 --> 06:03.810 +drink. I mean, they're the boys. Now, when + +06:03.810 --> 06:07.950 +I arrived in Luanda, I actually did not + +06:07.950 --> 06:16.070 +observe the type of city. I know that the + +06:16.070 --> 06:18.650 +story of the Maristus came in from the + +06:18.650 --> 06:21.490 +Maristus. I know that the city was a place + +06:21.490 --> 06:25.450 +of wonder. All the wonderful things that + +06:25.450 --> 06:27.430 +he managed to do. The beautiful city of + +06:27.430 --> 06:32.110 +the sea. The scope of architecture is one + +06:32.110 --> 06:35.250 +of the most futuristic. One of the + +06:35.250 --> 06:38.210 +loveliest places. Well, there's another + +06:38.210 --> 06:46.570 +area. The Giro de Gara. Also, the Giro de + +06:46.570 --> 06:49.090 +Gara. The Giro de Gara. The Giro de Gara. + +06:49.250 --> 06:52.570 +The Giro de Gara. + +06:59.890 --> 07:01.290 +رف + +07:26.370 --> 07:29.230 +or you're a police officer, or you're a + +07:29.230 --> 07:32.070 +police administrator, or you're some other + +07:32.070 --> 07:35.490 +official. People aren't running towards + +07:35.490 --> 07:38.650 +you. I don't think that that represents + +07:38.650 --> 07:42.570 +fear. They ask questions of all citizens + +07:42.570 --> 07:44.610 +here, and if this is universal, that + +07:44.610 --> 07:47.690 +doesn't mean it's fear. Fear would mean + +07:47.690 --> 07:51.330 +that people run away from you. Just get + +07:51.330 --> 07:55.490 +out of your way. That's fear. Now, the + +07:55.490 --> 07:57.270 +next problem that I was very much + +07:57.270 --> 07:59.190 +interested in checking with the tourists + +07:59.190 --> 08:04.650 +was that it is said that there are rising + +08:04.650 --> 08:06.650 +expectations of NASA. + +08:09.670 --> 08:13.050 +Now, rising expectations, that is a huge + +08:13.050 --> 08:17.710 +phrase, rising expectations of NASA. And + +08:17.710 --> 08:22.510 +so, is this view of heaven the same? And + +08:22.510 --> 08:26.890 +so, is this view of heaven the same? I ask + +08:26.890 --> 08:28.030 +the question of heaven? I ask the question + +08:28.030 --> 08:32.650 +of heaven? There is a difference. + +08:35.030 --> 08:36.450 +There is a difference. + +08:40.170 --> 08:42.690 +I want to know what are you getting at? + +08:42.730 --> 08:43.510 +What is this writing? + +08:48.290 --> 08:54.050 +I want to get it down. Listen. I listen to + +08:54.050 --> 08:56.770 +you. You are the one who has to respond to + +08:56.770 --> 08:57.930 +me. You are the one who has to accept + +08:57.930 --> 09:03.470 +after the act. This man has to accept me. + +09:04.310 --> 09:05.870 +I am the one who has to accept me. I am + +09:05.870 --> 09:11.050 +the one who has to accept you. I learn and + +09:11.050 --> 09:13.070 +live my life. I am the one who has to + +09:13.070 --> 09:14.210 +accept me. + +09:16.870 --> 09:19.710 +Well, what is this? Jesús, what is the + +09:19.710 --> 09:23.590 +next? What about? + +09:27.470 --> 09:30.310 +What about tête?угure? + +09:34.130 --> 09:36.090 +Cat. Huh. He, + +09:40.510 --> 09:41.550 +Saio? + +09:56.130 --> 09:58.270 +The same thing that you hear from + +09:58.270 --> 10:05.250 +Englishmen. . . . . . . . . . . . to be in + +10:05.250 --> 10:08.270 +the academy. And so, it was a special time + +10:08.270 --> 10:14.030 +in our day. Now, this is an example that + +10:14.030 --> 10:19.210 +is also implied that these people were + +10:19.210 --> 10:21.790 +more involved in the talk. People were + +10:21.790 --> 10:25.810 +involved in the mass media. The mass + +10:25.810 --> 10:30.990 +media. But they were all anxious to + +10:30.990 --> 10:32.170 +establish themselves themselves + +10:32.170 --> 10:34.850 +independent of the metropolitan portico + +10:34.850 --> 10:37.990 +and the independent nation of Angola and + +10:37.990 --> 10:40.210 +Angolese, is that the thing that they + +10:40.210 --> 10:43.010 +said? Well, that's what they mean, I + +10:43.010 --> 10:45.550 +didn't see it. And remember what I told + +10:45.550 --> 10:48.690 +you, I didn't see it. + +10:52.770 --> 10:55.450 +They kept writing and they kept saying + +10:55.450 --> 10:55.730 +that. + +11:01.870 --> 11:05.770 +That would be a nationalism, continue the + +11:05.770 --> 11:09.170 +traditional associations, which is what + +11:09.170 --> 11:12.010 +they mean in Portugal. Could that be a + +11:12.010 --> 11:14.730 +nationalism? Could that be? But I didn't + +11:14.730 --> 11:17.750 +find, this is nationalism, the morning of + +11:17.750 --> 11:21.090 +a place separate from the mother country. + +11:21.410 --> 11:25.870 +I didn't find it there. I didn't see it + +11:25.870 --> 11:26.030 +there. + +11:33.050 --> 11:33.650 +is + +11:47.070 --> 11:50.090 +now the next question i was interested in + +11:50.090 --> 11:50.450 +was this + +11:56.030 --> 11:59.730 +of the multiracial design. Now this is a + +11:59.730 --> 12:03.070 +very interesting thing of the immigrants + +12:04.750 --> 12:06.010 +in the United States. + +12:09.510 --> 12:13.150 +Multiracial design. Some have tried, but + +12:13.150 --> 12:17.690 +that's a fake. I say that's not a fake. If + +12:17.690 --> 12:19.230 +there's anything that the Portuguese have + +12:19.230 --> 12:22.950 +done in the beginning of their history, + +12:22.990 --> 12:26.070 +they have mixed with all races. regardless + +12:26.070 --> 12:30.790 +of color, regardless of country. I don't + +12:30.790 --> 12:32.490 +know why it is. Perhaps it's because of + +12:32.490 --> 12:35.350 +the history of Portugal. Portuguese have + +12:35.350 --> 12:37.930 +been a pride to discard color in marriage + +12:37.930 --> 12:39.210 +and religious associations. + +12:42.110 --> 12:45.050 +Cape Verde Islands is certainly a proof of + +12:45.050 --> 12:47.990 +that. The Portuguese state of India is + +12:47.990 --> 12:50.450 +certainly another proof of that. And + +12:50.450 --> 12:52.930 +Brazil is certainly another proof of that. + +13:08.570 --> 13:13.230 +I say you investigate the thing because my + +13:13.230 --> 13:15.670 +experience being Portuguese and knowing + +13:15.670 --> 13:18.430 +those In both situations it is not a fact. + +13:19.330 --> 13:24.770 +Multiracial society is genuine, harmonious + +13:24.770 --> 13:28.470 +for existence of the races, regardless of + +13:28.470 --> 13:32.890 +the pigment of one's skin. Now that's what + +13:32.890 --> 13:40.150 +I saw. That's what I knew. Now, what is + +13:40.150 --> 13:42.050 +this that's taking place in the world? + +13:43.750 --> 13:50.410 +What is it that Mr. Gavoy says? What is it + +13:50.410 --> 13:53.530 +that Mr. and Truman, John, do? + +13:59.390 --> 14:04.090 +Read the Negro author yourself. Black + +14:04.090 --> 14:08.350 +supremacy. Black supremacy is the moral of + +14:08.350 --> 14:09.210 +the United States. + +14:12.510 --> 14:15.290 +And if you're going to have black + +14:15.290 --> 14:20.010 +supremacy in these areas, that is being... + +14:20.010 --> 14:23.190 +This is the point where I say the other + +14:23.190 --> 14:28.270 +city is a squire. I don't think that's the + +14:28.270 --> 14:30.810 +case. In fact, I think the only solution + +14:30.810 --> 14:33.990 +to the problem is that Portugal is giving + +14:33.990 --> 14:38.630 +to the world. That's the only story for + +14:38.630 --> 14:41.270 +this thing. This thing is the best premise + +14:41.270 --> 14:44.050 +for the play of the week. It's full of + +14:44.050 --> 14:48.470 +delusions of men. Full of premeditated + +14:48.470 --> 14:51.230 +premonitions. All the odds and sides. And + +14:51.230 --> 14:54.190 +the middle of the show is on the... You do + +14:54.190 --> 14:56.850 +know I... You do know I... You do know + +14:56.850 --> 15:02.150 +I... I suppose every + +15:02.150 --> 15:04.710 +race of man is child. uh + +15:20.350 --> 15:28.430 +if this principle of black supremacy takes + +15:28.430 --> 15:31.850 +root, and I hope it does, if this + +15:31.850 --> 15:34.450 +principle of black supremacy takes root in + +15:34.450 --> 15:39.570 +Africa, I want you to think seriously of + +15:39.570 --> 15:44.150 +the effect, the impact it's going to have + +15:44.150 --> 15:47.230 +on many people in the United States, + +15:47.470 --> 15:52.730 +especially in the southern states. Because + +15:52.730 --> 15:57.910 +their thinking runs, if the Negro thinks + +15:57.910 --> 16:01.010 +this way, if he's speaking this way, then + +16:01.010 --> 16:03.330 +what is preventing him from trying to + +16:03.330 --> 16:06.310 +apply the same principle in the southern + +16:06.310 --> 16:12.090 +states? I say to you, think twice. There's + +16:12.090 --> 16:14.650 +a much better solution to these problems + +16:14.650 --> 16:18.790 +than the idea of supremacy for the white + +16:18.790 --> 16:25.210 +or supremacy for the black. Now the other + +16:25.210 --> 16:28.650 +thing that hurt me a great deal, as a + +16:28.650 --> 16:32.770 +question, is that charge with sadistic + +16:32.770 --> 16:33.250 +activities. + +16:36.050 --> 16:38.750 +isolated cases. I suppose if you were to + +16:38.750 --> 16:42.530 +take the days of the Fox clan, or the days + +16:42.530 --> 16:47.950 +of even Boston, some periods I've seen, + +16:48.230 --> 16:52.150 +and some of the experiences that I also + +16:52.150 --> 16:54.950 +have, incident in Japan, if you were to + +16:54.950 --> 16:57.930 +take a series of isolated instances, + +16:58.330 --> 17:03.670 +gather them together, you'd probably come + +17:03.670 --> 17:05.990 +to the conclusion that these people are + +17:05.990 --> 17:09.670 +sadistic. It reminds me one time I had an + +17:09.670 --> 17:14.650 +operation on my left eye, surprising to + +17:14.650 --> 17:17.770 +me, more of a cataract, an impact that I + +17:17.770 --> 17:20.910 +received. And I was in the hospital about + +17:20.910 --> 17:22.990 +six or seven days and when I get out I + +17:22.990 --> 17:26.630 +thought everybody had eye trouble. So be + +17:26.630 --> 17:31.150 +sure that your vision has greater scope + +17:31.150 --> 17:35.990 +than believing isolated cases which in + +17:35.990 --> 17:38.530 +most instances are presented without + +17:38.530 --> 17:42.390 +proof. And I as one say that a man makes a + +17:42.390 --> 17:45.050 +statement as I know he's a fabricator. + +17:45.310 --> 17:47.530 +I'll give him the benefit of the doubt to + +17:47.530 --> 17:51.470 +say it's true. But I didn't see any + +17:51.470 --> 17:55.530 +sadistic activity myself. A sadistic + +17:55.530 --> 17:59.390 +activity would be the use of the hand + +17:59.390 --> 18:04.030 +-rapper that I have seen in the paper, + +18:04.210 --> 18:07.930 +where one gentleman holds it out and the + +18:07.930 --> 18:10.550 +other sends it hand, and they demonstrate + +18:10.550 --> 18:14.830 +how the hand-rapper confuses. that they + +18:14.830 --> 18:18.390 +call the ponderatoria. I didn't see it. I + +18:18.390 --> 18:19.890 +know that when I was a boy I was beaten + +18:19.890 --> 18:24.370 +with a cane by Mr. Emerson, and there's + +18:24.370 --> 18:26.830 +the principal then for doing things that I + +18:26.830 --> 18:29.330 +shouldn't do as a boy. I suppose that + +18:29.330 --> 18:32.710 +would be, that's called a punishment, and + +18:32.710 --> 18:36.290 +that would cause someone to raise the + +18:36.290 --> 18:39.010 +eyebrow. But for sadistic activities, + +18:39.190 --> 18:41.470 +ladies and gentlemen, I didn't see any + +18:41.470 --> 18:47.750 +sadistic activities. Now the problem of + +18:47.750 --> 18:52.990 +education. This seems to be the + +18:52.990 --> 18:56.630 +opportunity of all the systems, with + +18:56.630 --> 19:02.750 +regard to defending itself against all + +19:02.750 --> 19:06.990 +these charges. It has been said that there + +19:06.990 --> 19:13.830 +is a low literacy rate in that. And I as + +19:13.830 --> 19:17.390 +an individual will say yes. And others + +19:17.390 --> 19:20.950 +will say yes. And then there are other + +19:20.950 --> 19:23.490 +statements that bring the term national. + +19:28.270 --> 19:32.250 +And because of the first accusation, + +19:32.250 --> 19:34.770 +accusations of wrecking the others + +19:34.770 --> 19:39.690 +acquired from truth. I have heard various + +19:39.690 --> 19:42.650 +statements that the literacy rate, for + +19:42.650 --> 19:43.470 +example, is decreasing. + +19:47.070 --> 19:50.330 +I, uh, the study missionaries for the + +19:50.330 --> 19:53.450 +French patril industry can tell the + +19:53.450 --> 19:57.250 +difference. Something called, meter. They + +19:57.250 --> 20:00.290 +said they listed a number of countries and + +20:00.290 --> 20:06.430 +they gained pipes. Pipes. Now, what is the + +20:06.430 --> 20:12.110 +story of the grapes? I know. The reason + +20:12.110 --> 20:14.930 +for this is that if machinery is built, + +20:14.930 --> 20:17.270 +they cook separate grapes. Some of the + +20:17.270 --> 20:19.210 +estate people who bought the... + +20:19.210 --> 20:21.150 +...impartialized the taste of the wine, + +20:21.230 --> 20:23.230 +the rich areas, the man-made skin areas, + +20:23.350 --> 20:24.850 +they mentioned that they used to... + +20:24.850 --> 20:27.610 +...breeze that one time. This aroma and + +20:27.610 --> 20:29.850 +taste are so important... But I noticed in + +20:29.850 --> 20:32.590 +an article in the Zedby book that they are + +20:32.590 --> 20:37.590 +tenacious. + +20:40.110 --> 20:43.830 +My own figure from my observation is + +20:43.830 --> 20:47.150 +between 15 and 12 centimeters. That's the + +20:47.150 --> 20:49.870 +figure I take. And it's just 15 + +20:49.870 --> 20:52.030 +centimeters. rather similar to Champagne, + +20:52.090 --> 20:55.770 +and the very + +20:55.770 --> 20:58.050 +sweet wines of the area around Grand Ole. + +20:59.110 --> 21:01.650 +One of the famous wines which is mentioned + +21:01.650 --> 21:03.990 +in English literature is a dill, namely + +21:03.990 --> 21:05.590 +Mamsie wine. I would say, for example, + +21:05.650 --> 21:08.910 +about 77% of the dill is a Grand Ole Grand + +21:08.910 --> 21:12.630 +Ole. The special characteristic of these + +21:12.630 --> 21:17.570 +are about approximately 70% of Champagne. + +21:18.850 --> 21:21.170 +These tribes each speak a dialect. + +21:24.190 --> 21:26.550 +Now, unfortunately, there are many people + +21:26.550 --> 21:29.730 +who use this language in their own + +21:29.730 --> 21:33.030 +language. These people don't understand + +21:33.030 --> 21:37.230 +that type of a thing. So it has made a + +21:37.230 --> 21:40.830 +contribution in that direction. It hasn't + +21:40.830 --> 21:44.810 +done anything else. Now, what I didn't see + +21:44.810 --> 21:50.850 +there, is that the average + +21:50.850 --> 21:53.770 +age of the administrator that I found in + +21:53.770 --> 22:00.510 +the area was 42, 43 years. There were only + +22:00.510 --> 22:04.350 +two administrators, two governors, and I + +22:04.350 --> 22:07.650 +met two of them over that. I could only be + +22:07.650 --> 22:12.290 +in northern was a colonel retired, a + +22:12.290 --> 22:15.890 +fellow by the name of Modesta and that was + +22:15.890 --> 22:19.110 +the moment of grief. The average age of + +22:19.110 --> 22:24.390 +the district governor was about 42. And + +22:24.390 --> 22:26.590 +there were two or three exceptions. There + +22:26.590 --> 22:29.990 +appeared to be a military that was able to + +22:29.990 --> 22:36.190 +option for him. and I also noticed the + +22:36.190 --> 22:40.710 +enthusiasm for the work of the city of + +22:40.710 --> 22:44.670 +Doris. It reminded me very much of the + +22:44.670 --> 22:50.590 +situation in Japan. I was there, the + +22:50.590 --> 22:53.470 +enthusiasm we had for the Civil Affairs + +22:53.470 --> 22:58.650 +and Military Government teams. So you have + +22:58.650 --> 23:02.170 +a great emphasis there to get these things + +23:02.170 --> 23:07.250 +done that have been said to be lacking in + +23:07.250 --> 23:11.030 +these areas. Effective law education. + +23:13.030 --> 23:17.790 +Ladies and gentlemen, I don't see this as + +23:17.790 --> 23:24.090 +an excuse for lack of education. But if + +23:24.090 --> 23:27.170 +you examine the record, if you examine the + +23:27.170 --> 23:32.730 +record of the airwaves, what you'll find + +23:32.730 --> 23:35.110 +is that they are very, very nice. + +23:47.230 --> 23:51.510 +I think that I've taken enough time to + +23:51.510 --> 23:51.510 +explain to you what I mean by the + +23:51.510 --> 23:55.650 +airwaves. I'm going to... There are + +23:55.650 --> 24:01.050 +several things I'd like to ask. If the + +24:01.050 --> 24:06.210 +enemies of the British push demand the + +24:06.210 --> 24:08.310 +immediate surrender of Angola, + +24:11.210 --> 24:16.690 +I want one. The fool. Who do you negotiate + +24:16.690 --> 24:23.210 +with? If they say you negotiate with the + +24:23.210 --> 24:29.930 +Nazis, or the rebels, or what you like to + +24:29.930 --> 24:35.310 +call terrorists, then that's + +24:35.310 --> 24:38.110 +just a thing you can say out there. You + +24:38.110 --> 24:42.330 +negotiate with whom? to negotiate with? To + +24:42.330 --> 24:44.830 +whom do you turn the reins of government? + +24:46.450 --> 24:49.870 +Who do you negotiate with? I want to know + +24:49.870 --> 24:52.250 +who are these people who claim that they + +24:52.250 --> 24:56.270 +represent the people of Angola? Who are + +24:56.270 --> 25:02.090 +they? Where do they come from? And if you + +25:02.090 --> 25:07.450 +say, own your battles, marry the Niazak, + +25:07.450 --> 25:11.210 +out if you say these two men represent the + +25:11.210 --> 25:15.190 +people of angola where is the element of + +25:15.190 --> 25:19.330 +self-determination isn't self + +25:19.330 --> 25:23.190 +-determination doesn't signify that people + +25:23.190 --> 25:27.730 +have a choice is this + +25:27.730 --> 25:30.990 +to + +25:30.990 --> 25:31.410 +be achieved + +25:37.450 --> 25:40.670 +the exceptional philosophy that I was not + +25:40.670 --> 25:45.150 +here to pursue. He did surrender to the + +25:45.150 --> 25:47.890 +mere fact that the country is not repaired + +25:47.890 --> 25:53.550 +is no excuse. Now the missionaries have + +25:53.550 --> 26:01.270 +said negotiate. I was home. Was home. And + +26:01.270 --> 26:04.450 +I'm very important to the state. And if a + +26:04.450 --> 26:07.010 +man says, I represent the United States, + +26:08.310 --> 26:12.050 +the people have to know that it's like the + +26:12.050 --> 26:16.330 +following of the political campaign, the + +26:16.330 --> 26:19.890 +Supreme Court, the Supreme Court doesn't + +26:19.890 --> 26:23.190 +represent its whites. The economy tells us + +26:23.190 --> 26:25.850 +exactly what the situation is. But a man + +26:25.850 --> 26:30.710 +says, I represent this. I was in street + +26:30.710 --> 26:34.750 +commerce for hours. I commented. I asked, + +26:34.770 --> 26:35.890 +do you know Holger Barrow? + +26:38.650 --> 26:42.090 +Good. The same thing I applied when I + +26:42.090 --> 26:46.450 +said, you know, you know, I didn't know + +26:46.450 --> 26:50.910 +him. I was just, I was just, he was named + +26:50.910 --> 26:52.050 +by me. Good. + +26:56.010 --> 27:01.110 +I wonder if the claim is that Holden Perot + +27:01.110 --> 27:06.090 +actually represents somebody. Harry + +27:06.090 --> 27:08.550 +Leandrani is the defendant, John Merriman. + +27:09.210 --> 27:12.030 +Holden Perot has denied any comments. + +27:27.150 --> 27:31.410 +I would stake my right arm on him. that if + +27:31.410 --> 27:34.010 +Holden Roberto ever takes control of + +27:34.010 --> 27:37.070 +Angola, he will be another Castro, and + +27:37.070 --> 27:39.110 +I'll stake my right arm, and I'll be like + +27:39.110 --> 27:41.330 +that rope who put it right over the fire + +27:41.330 --> 27:44.490 +and committed it to burn. The Holden + +27:44.490 --> 27:46.770 +-Roberto method is not that way. + +27:49.550 --> 27:55.550 +They say, well, truth is very high. Other, + +27:55.610 --> 27:59.670 +other things. The Chinese are interested. + +28:00.770 --> 28:04.730 +The end is near. The beginnings are very, + +28:04.770 --> 28:07.790 +very quiet. There are the great, great, + +28:07.930 --> 28:11.750 +great, expression of the ideas of the + +28:11.750 --> 28:15.750 +years. More racism, more discrimination, + +28:16.350 --> 28:19.670 +more politics, and the ideas of the great, + +28:19.710 --> 28:23.210 +great, great, and the public health + +28:23.210 --> 28:26.790 +statistics. And all of the others, and + +28:26.790 --> 28:30.650 +they were + +28:30.650 --> 28:38.310 +not living + +28:38.310 --> 28:40.330 +with God. They were living with God as + +28:40.330 --> 28:42.370 +well as they were living with God. And the + +28:42.370 --> 28:45.610 +fact that the comparisons were bothering + +28:45.610 --> 28:48.370 +us in Herod, the comparisons were to the + +28:48.370 --> 28:52.030 +hymn. now let's not make the same mistake + +28:52.030 --> 28:58.470 +in this whole business of anger. I am so + +28:58.470 --> 29:04.010 +out of the behind human hearts. I would + +29:04.010 --> 29:07.730 +like to see no man that's in my way that + +29:07.730 --> 29:11.590 +works for me, I can't otherwise than the + +29:11.590 --> 29:13.730 +interest of ours and the opportunity. + +29:15.990 --> 29:20.270 +Remember this, the one thing that perhaps + +29:20.270 --> 29:25.590 +Perhaps we should understand that these + +29:25.590 --> 29:31.270 +tribes in Angola, because of their past + +29:31.270 --> 29:34.950 +history, have not had the economic + +29:34.950 --> 29:40.690 +incentives that perhaps the mind-minds of + +29:40.690 --> 29:43.970 +the British are so bad. I think the work + +29:43.970 --> 29:46.150 +that's going on here, the people who have + +29:46.150 --> 29:49.070 +been gathered to build, you're getting + +29:49.070 --> 29:53.770 +people who are people who don't see the + +29:53.770 --> 29:57.850 +question. You're getting an education, and + +29:57.850 --> 29:59.890 +the education making it possible for them + +29:59.890 --> 30:04.350 +to take advantage of the job. That's + +30:04.350 --> 30:06.790 +wonderful. Everybody is all in favor of + +30:06.790 --> 30:10.250 +that. But there's also a disinformation + +30:10.250 --> 30:13.450 +among the men who are charged with student + +30:13.450 --> 30:16.390 +abuse, and more than that information. I + +30:16.390 --> 30:18.530 +sometimes wonder whether the matter should + +30:18.530 --> 30:24.050 +not be imposed on a compulsory basis. I + +30:24.050 --> 30:25.630 +think there are some laws in this country + +30:25.630 --> 30:27.610 +I know of that are not sending children to + +30:27.610 --> 30:29.070 +school and get out of the parents' house + +30:29.070 --> 30:31.210 +and forced them to go to school. Well, + +30:31.470 --> 30:35.510 +there hasn't been this impulsory feature + +30:35.510 --> 30:40.190 +of education in Angola. Then you have + +30:40.190 --> 30:44.470 +problems of society, for example. The + +30:44.470 --> 30:47.630 +tribe there has certain customs to live + +30:47.630 --> 30:49.750 +by. I think it means that that's separate. + +30:50.830 --> 30:53.190 +I'm not from Angola. I'm from Angola. I'm + +30:53.190 --> 30:57.010 +from Angola. I'm from Angola. I'm from + +30:57.010 --> 30:57.530 +Angola. + +31:12.670 --> 31:19.010 +I have seen + +31:19.010 --> 31:23.210 +night schools with hundreds going to + +31:23.210 --> 31:25.430 +thousands if you want to, of all the + +31:25.430 --> 31:28.370 +students. of students who were studying + +31:28.370 --> 31:31.310 +and now maybe this is something that + +31:31.310 --> 31:35.130 +should just come up. I don't know. I saw + +31:35.130 --> 31:38.890 +this business. I also have a friend who I + +31:38.890 --> 31:41.750 +met who was planning and just asked a + +31:41.750 --> 31:46.390 +little girl to assist him to read to see + +31:46.390 --> 31:47.770 +how well she was doing. + diff --git a/docs/baseline/xv681hq1696_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/baseline/xv681hq1696_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7974445 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/baseline/xv681hq1696_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1352 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:06.420 --> 00:09.220 +Thank you. + +00:30.000 --> 00:33.000 +for it because the fact that the more I + +00:33.000 --> 00:36.560 +doubt over this reminds me of my years of + +00:36.560 --> 00:39.220 +law study when the end of the fourth year + +00:39.220 --> 00:39.900 +came along. + +00:48.260 --> 00:52.300 +Subject, but I get by the bar anyway. Now + +00:52.300 --> 00:55.920 +I am particularly interested in this + +00:55.920 --> 00:59.040 +subject. I came connected with a firm + +00:59.040 --> 01:00.860 +called Salvage and Lee, it was a public + +01:00.860 --> 01:03.800 +relations firm. Now the reason I say this, + +01:03.820 --> 01:06.620 +because I was in charge, was having my + +01:06.620 --> 01:10.100 +opinions made biased or prejudiced or + +01:10.100 --> 01:13.040 +whatnot, because I am connected with this + +01:13.040 --> 01:15.900 +public relations firm. The only thing, I + +01:15.900 --> 01:18.160 +gave this a whole lot of thinking, and the + +01:18.160 --> 01:19.540 +reason I explained it, two years because + +01:19.540 --> 01:21.460 +there have been many questions asked about + +01:21.460 --> 01:25.440 +it throughout the country. I thought of it + +01:25.440 --> 01:28.060 +and I said, well, a soldier who is in the + +01:28.060 --> 01:30.580 +field, such as I'm a major in the reserve, + +01:30.840 --> 01:34.000 +I'm paid. Am I this less this lawyer + +01:34.000 --> 01:37.380 +because I'm paid? A man who's an + +01:37.380 --> 01:41.260 +ambassador, is he less loyal to the + +01:41.260 --> 01:43.760 +country because he's paid? On the other + +01:43.760 --> 01:46.020 +hand, a man has certain obligations to his + +01:46.020 --> 01:49.040 +family. I have three boys, one of them is + +01:49.040 --> 01:53.040 +going to college. and I thought I was + +01:53.040 --> 01:55.180 +going to proceed on this whole business, + +01:55.360 --> 01:59.100 +but nothing. My wife quickly discouraged + +01:59.100 --> 02:01.180 +me of that, reminding me that I had three + +02:01.180 --> 02:04.920 +sons and one of them in college, and I'd + +02:04.920 --> 02:08.180 +better think twice before proceeding on + +02:08.180 --> 02:10.980 +such a close of activity. Now that fully + +02:10.980 --> 02:13.620 +explains my situation so that you people + +02:13.620 --> 02:16.460 +can assess for yourselves house whatever i + +02:16.460 --> 02:19.940 +have to say if you want to do so now + +02:19.940 --> 02:25.680 +ladies and gentlemen when a man is a + +02:25.680 --> 02:30.020 +certain ethnic group and then he hears bad + +02:30.020 --> 02:33.260 +things about that ethnic group and all his + +02:33.260 --> 02:35.940 +life he's heard nothing but the best of + +02:35.940 --> 02:40.300 +his uh his ancestors or people from whom + +02:40.300 --> 02:42.980 +he is descendants and in my case i'm uh + +02:42.980 --> 02:45.860 +i'm not even the senator i was born there + +02:45.860 --> 02:48.640 +and i always thought the portuguese had a + +02:48.640 --> 02:51.660 +fine western reputation but they were + +02:51.660 --> 02:54.400 +people that made certain accountabilities + +02:54.400 --> 02:59.480 +in civilization especially in discovery + +02:59.480 --> 03:03.920 +pathology and science and navigation i + +03:03.920 --> 03:05.620 +also know and this I want to tell you + +03:05.620 --> 03:07.160 +something strange to you, that in the + +03:07.160 --> 03:09.540 +history of literature, the great + +03:09.540 --> 03:12.220 +contributions of the culture of today are + +03:12.220 --> 03:15.240 +entirely unknown. We have writers who are + +03:15.240 --> 03:17.120 +equal in dignity, intelligence, and + +03:17.120 --> 03:19.240 +humility. I say this because I've studied + +03:19.240 --> 03:21.340 +them, and I think I'm the native to make a + +03:21.340 --> 03:23.960 +comparison. We have also great grammars. + +03:24.160 --> 03:27.460 +We have probably the second outstanding + +03:27.460 --> 03:31.160 +epic poet of the world in Camões. Don't + +03:31.160 --> 03:34.120 +take it from my own authority. Take it + +03:34.120 --> 03:38.120 +from Cecil Bowles. Oh, my goodness. Come + +03:38.120 --> 03:44.980 +on, second only. Who are you? So I + +03:44.980 --> 03:47.680 +undertook, with all this interest, to look + +03:47.680 --> 03:49.600 +into several charges that were being made. + +03:49.700 --> 03:54.660 +One of the charges was that a human, and + +03:54.660 --> 03:59.260 +called her a Moslem, was a grave terror. A + +03:59.260 --> 04:00.060 +grave terror. + +04:02.840 --> 04:05.380 +Now, I may be approaching this wrong, but + +04:05.380 --> 04:07.200 +I'm going to do it so that you can push it + +04:07.200 --> 04:10.600 +in. A reign of terror, in my own opinion, + +04:10.820 --> 04:14.580 +at least it implies this, minimally + +04:14.580 --> 04:18.760 +implies it. An apprehension of fear. An + +04:18.760 --> 04:22.780 +intending danger. Now, if it doesn't imply + +04:22.780 --> 04:24.520 +that, if it doesn't have that, then I + +04:24.520 --> 04:27.020 +don't know what a reign of terror is. It + +04:27.020 --> 04:32.700 +may mean other things, but it may mean + +04:32.700 --> 04:35.720 +the exact course of place he lost in 1516. + +04:36.200 --> 04:41.140 +And there are the non-border Angola and + +04:41.140 --> 04:46.040 +the terrorist king Donald Trump and Hitler + +04:46.040 --> 04:46.430 +massacred + +04:49.390 --> 04:57.970 +Now if this job is very dangerous, I don't + +04:57.970 --> 05:03.770 +see it. I don't see it. I don't see it. + +05:04.190 --> 05:08.650 +Please hold the hand over. And I see about + +05:08.650 --> 05:12.610 +the eight. and, unfortunately, in 200,000 + +05:12.610 --> 05:18.670 +colors. A perfect makeup, where there was + +05:18.670 --> 05:22.610 +no lack of the green of the eyes and the + +05:22.610 --> 05:25.270 +brown of the color of the nose. Her + +05:25.270 --> 05:30.370 +husband, Alexei, at the time, wore the + +05:30.370 --> 05:35.410 +sun's halo with a heart-shaped coat. They + +05:35.410 --> 05:39.090 +traveled over the Euro, they traveled over + +05:39.090 --> 05:42.770 +the course, they reached the southern part + +05:42.770 --> 05:45.530 +of the country. They could not reach the + +05:45.530 --> 05:49.350 +northern part of the country. Tell me + +05:49.350 --> 05:52.350 +who's this? The great, small, established + +05:52.350 --> 05:57.510 +Soviet. The way it has to be. Some of the + +05:57.510 --> 05:59.390 +students don't stop without having a + +05:59.390 --> 06:03.810 +drink. I mean, they're the boys. Now, when + +06:03.810 --> 06:07.950 +I arrived in Luanda, I actually did not + +06:07.950 --> 06:16.070 +observe the type of city. I know that the + +06:16.070 --> 06:18.650 +story of the Maristus came in from the + +06:18.650 --> 06:21.490 +Maristus. I know that the city was a place + +06:21.490 --> 06:25.450 +of wonder. All the wonderful things that + +06:25.450 --> 06:27.430 +he managed to do. The beautiful city of + +06:27.430 --> 06:32.110 +the sea. The scope of architecture is one + +06:32.110 --> 06:35.250 +of the most futuristic. One of the + +06:35.250 --> 06:38.210 +loveliest places. Well, there's another + +06:38.210 --> 06:46.570 +area. The Giro de Gara. Also, the Giro de + +06:46.570 --> 06:49.090 +Gara. The Giro de Gara. The Giro de Gara. + +06:49.250 --> 06:52.570 +The Giro de Gara. + +06:59.750 --> 07:06.750 +A triumphant ceremony of New + +07:06.750 --> 07:14.230 +Year所 So from now, if you traveled to + +07:14.230 --> 07:19.510 +Galveston in the 60's very read apart of + +07:19.510 --> 07:23.130 +London, and you're a administrator at + +07:23.130 --> 07:26.910 +something to hear, you don't get or you're + +07:26.910 --> 07:29.330 +a business fellow, or you're some + +07:29.330 --> 07:32.090 +administrator, or you're some other + +07:32.090 --> 07:35.490 +official. People aren't running towards + +07:35.490 --> 07:38.670 +you. I don't think that that represents + +07:38.670 --> 07:42.510 +fear. They ask questions of the citizens + +07:42.510 --> 07:44.610 +here, and if this is universal, that + +07:44.610 --> 07:47.670 +doesn't mean it's fear. Fear would mean + +07:47.670 --> 07:51.330 +that people run away from you. Just get + +07:51.330 --> 07:55.490 +out of your way. That's fear. Now, the + +07:55.490 --> 07:57.270 +next problem that I was very much + +07:57.270 --> 07:59.190 +interested in checking with the tourists + +07:59.190 --> 08:04.650 +was that it is said that there are rising + +08:04.650 --> 08:06.650 +expectations of NASA. + +08:09.670 --> 08:13.050 +Now, rising expectations, that is a huge + +08:13.050 --> 08:17.710 +phrase, rising expectations of NASA. And + +08:17.710 --> 08:20.630 +so, is this really a matter of the same? + +08:21.910 --> 08:25.230 +And so, is this really a matter of the + +08:25.230 --> 08:27.370 +same? I ask the question of the people. + +08:27.370 --> 08:32.230 +The people are + +08:32.230 --> 08:36.790 +different. There is a difference. There is + +08:36.790 --> 08:39.030 +a difference. And there will be a game. + +08:40.070 --> 08:43.510 +What are you getting at? What is this riot + +08:43.510 --> 08:44.190 +going there? + +08:48.190 --> 08:53.330 +He's a one-man band. Listen. Yes. I + +08:53.330 --> 08:57.830 +listen. Please. This man, he has said, + +08:58.050 --> 09:03.110 +after the act, this man asked you, I + +09:03.110 --> 09:11.210 +learned English, + +09:11.490 --> 09:17.150 +and I am + +09:17.150 --> 09:29.150 +What is this? My son, is it? What is this? + +09:33.010 --> 09:41.250 +Yes, of course. He is a man. Yes. + +10:41.330 --> 10:44.050 +That's what they mean, I didn't see it. + +10:44.250 --> 10:48.570 +And remember what I told you, I didn't see + +10:48.570 --> 10:48.670 +it. + +10:52.810 --> 10:55.390 +They have to write it and make it + +10:55.390 --> 10:55.830 +manifest. + +11:13.450 --> 11:17.070 +I didn't find, this is nationalism, the + +11:17.070 --> 11:20.630 +morning of the great separatism from the + +11:20.630 --> 11:24.630 +mother country. I didn't find it there. I + +11:24.630 --> 11:28.810 +didn't see it. I mean, there are some more + +11:28.810 --> 11:32.150 +observers over there. I think it's a... + +11:32.150 --> 11:37.230 +... ... ... ... + +11:46.490 --> 11:50.090 +Now, the next question I was interested in + +11:50.090 --> 11:56.430 +was this. We saw, for example, the multi + +11:56.430 --> 11:59.990 +-racial design. Now this is a very + +11:59.990 --> 12:05.350 +interesting thing for the immigrants in + +12:05.350 --> 12:06.010 +the United States. + +12:09.010 --> 12:12.890 +Multi-racial design. Some have decided + +12:12.890 --> 12:16.510 +that that's a fake. I say that's not a + +12:16.510 --> 12:18.490 +fake. If there's anything that the + +12:18.490 --> 12:22.470 +Portuguese have done in the beginning of + +12:22.470 --> 12:24.530 +their history, they have mixed with all + +12:24.530 --> 12:28.550 +races, regardless of color, regardless of + +12:28.550 --> 12:31.910 +country. I don't know why it is. Perhaps + +12:31.910 --> 12:33.650 +it's because of the history of Portugal. + +12:34.390 --> 12:36.270 +The Portuguese have been in line with + +12:36.270 --> 12:38.630 +God's color in marriage and in many of + +12:38.630 --> 12:42.690 +their associations. negotiations. Cape + +12:42.690 --> 12:45.090 +Verde Islands is certainly a proof of + +12:45.090 --> 12:47.990 +that. The Portuguese state of India is + +12:47.990 --> 12:49.770 +certainly another proof of that. And + +12:49.770 --> 12:52.870 +Brazil is certainly another proof of that. + +12:53.430 --> 12:59.270 +In fact, there should be a proof of that. + +13:09.470 --> 13:12.490 +I say you investigate the thing because in + +13:12.490 --> 13:15.370 +my experience, being Portuguese and + +13:15.370 --> 13:18.190 +knowing this whole situation, it is not a + +13:18.190 --> 13:20.930 +thing. The multiracial side of the + +13:20.930 --> 13:25.090 +principle is genuine, harmonious for + +13:25.090 --> 13:28.570 +existence of the races, regardless of the + +13:28.570 --> 13:33.030 +pigment on one's skin. Now that's what I + +13:33.030 --> 13:36.350 +saw. That's what I saw. And that's what I + +13:36.350 --> 13:41.030 +believe. Now, what is this that's taking + +13:41.030 --> 13:45.310 +place in the world? What is it that Mr. + +13:45.430 --> 13:51.310 +Gavoy says? What is it that Mr. and + +13:51.310 --> 13:53.530 +Truman, John, do? + +13:59.390 --> 14:04.090 +Read the Negro author yourself. Black + +14:04.090 --> 14:08.350 +supremacy. Black supremacy is the moral of + +14:08.350 --> 14:09.210 +the United States. + +14:12.510 --> 14:15.290 +And if you're going to have black + +14:15.290 --> 14:20.010 +supremacy in these areas, that is being... + +14:20.010 --> 14:23.190 +This is the point where I say the other + +14:23.190 --> 14:28.270 +city is a squire. I don't think that's the + +14:28.270 --> 14:30.810 +case. In fact, I think the only solution + +14:30.810 --> 14:33.990 +to the problem is that Portugal is giving + +14:33.990 --> 14:38.630 +to the world. That's the only story for + +14:38.630 --> 14:41.270 +this thing. This thing is the best premise + +14:41.270 --> 14:44.050 +for the play of the week. It's full of + +14:44.050 --> 14:48.470 +delusions of men. Full of premeditated + +14:48.470 --> 14:51.230 +premonitions. All the odds and sides. And + +14:51.230 --> 14:54.190 +the middle of the show is on the... You do + +14:54.190 --> 14:56.850 +know I... You do know I... You do know + +14:56.850 --> 15:02.150 +I... I suppose every + +15:02.150 --> 15:04.710 +race of man is child. uh + +15:20.350 --> 15:28.430 +if this principle of black supremacy takes + +15:28.430 --> 15:31.850 +root, and I hope it does, if this + +15:31.850 --> 15:34.450 +principle of black supremacy takes root in + +15:34.450 --> 15:39.570 +Africa, I want you to think seriously of + +15:39.570 --> 15:44.150 +the effect, the impact it's going to have + +15:44.150 --> 15:47.230 +on many people in the United States, + +15:47.470 --> 15:52.730 +especially in the southern states. Because + +15:52.730 --> 15:57.910 +their thinking runs, if the Negro thinks + +15:57.910 --> 16:01.010 +this way, if he's speaking this way, then + +16:01.010 --> 16:03.330 +what is preventing him from trying to + +16:03.330 --> 16:06.310 +apply the same principle in the southern + +16:06.310 --> 16:12.090 +states? I say to you, think twice. There's + +16:12.090 --> 16:14.650 +a much better solution to these problems + +16:14.650 --> 16:18.790 +than the idea of supremacy for the white + +16:18.790 --> 16:25.210 +or supremacy for the black. Now the other + +16:25.210 --> 16:28.650 +thing that hurt me a great deal, as a + +16:28.650 --> 16:32.770 +question, is that charge with sadistic + +16:32.770 --> 16:33.250 +activities. + +16:36.050 --> 16:38.750 +isolated cases. I suppose if you were to + +16:38.750 --> 16:42.530 +take the days of the Fox clan, or the days + +16:42.530 --> 16:47.950 +of even Boston, some periods I've seen, + +16:48.230 --> 16:52.150 +and some of the experiences that I also + +16:52.150 --> 16:54.950 +have, incident in Japan, if you were to + +16:54.950 --> 16:57.930 +take a series of isolated instances, + +16:58.330 --> 17:03.670 +gather them together, you'd probably come + +17:03.670 --> 17:05.990 +to the conclusion that these people are + +17:05.990 --> 17:09.670 +sadistic. It reminds me one time I had an + +17:09.670 --> 17:14.650 +operation on my left eye, surprising to + +17:14.650 --> 17:17.770 +me, more of a cataract, an impact that I + +17:17.770 --> 17:20.910 +received. And I was in the hospital about + +17:20.910 --> 17:22.990 +six or seven days and when I get out I + +17:22.990 --> 17:26.630 +thought everybody had eye trouble. So be + +17:26.630 --> 17:31.150 +sure that your vision has greater scope + +17:31.150 --> 17:35.990 +than believing isolated cases which in + +17:35.990 --> 17:38.530 +most instances are presented without + +17:38.530 --> 17:42.390 +proof. And I as one say that a man makes a + +17:42.390 --> 17:45.050 +statement as I know he's a fabricator. + +17:45.310 --> 17:47.530 +I'll give him the benefit of the doubt to + +17:47.530 --> 17:51.470 +say it's true. But I didn't see any + +17:51.470 --> 17:55.530 +sadistic activity myself. A sadistic + +17:55.530 --> 17:59.390 +activity would be the use of the hand + +17:59.390 --> 18:04.030 +-rapper that I have seen in the paper, + +18:04.210 --> 18:07.930 +where one gentleman holds it out and the + +18:07.930 --> 18:10.550 +other sends it hand, and they demonstrate + +18:10.550 --> 18:14.830 +how the hand-rapper confuses. that they + +18:14.830 --> 18:18.390 +call the ponderatoria. I didn't see it. I + +18:18.390 --> 18:19.890 +know that when I was a boy I was beaten + +18:19.890 --> 18:24.370 +with a cane by Mr. Emerson, and there's + +18:24.370 --> 18:26.830 +the principal then for doing things that I + +18:26.830 --> 18:29.330 +shouldn't do as a boy. I suppose that + +18:29.330 --> 18:32.710 +would be, that's called a punishment, and + +18:32.710 --> 18:36.290 +that would cause someone to raise the + +18:36.290 --> 18:39.010 +eyebrow. But for sadistic activities, + +18:39.190 --> 18:41.470 +ladies and gentlemen, I didn't see any + +18:41.470 --> 18:47.750 +sadistic activities. Now the problem of + +18:47.750 --> 18:52.990 +education. This seems to be the + +18:52.990 --> 18:56.630 +opportunity of all the systems, with + +18:56.630 --> 19:02.750 +regard to defending itself against all + +19:02.750 --> 19:06.990 +these charges. It has been said that there + +19:06.990 --> 19:13.830 +is a low literacy rate in that. And I as + +19:13.830 --> 19:17.390 +an individual will say yes. And others + +19:17.390 --> 19:20.950 +will say yes. And then there are other + +19:20.950 --> 19:23.490 +statements that bring the term national. + +19:28.270 --> 19:32.250 +And because of the first accusation, + +19:32.250 --> 19:34.770 +accusations of wrecking the others + +19:34.770 --> 19:39.690 +acquired from truth. I have heard various + +19:39.690 --> 19:42.650 +statements that the literacy rate, for + +19:42.650 --> 19:43.470 +example, is decreasing. + +19:47.070 --> 19:50.330 +I, uh, the study missionaries for the + +19:50.330 --> 19:53.450 +French patril industry can tell the + +19:53.450 --> 19:57.250 +difference. Something called, meter. They + +19:57.250 --> 20:00.290 +said they listed a number of countries and + +20:00.290 --> 20:06.430 +they gained pipes. Pipes. Now, what is the + +20:06.430 --> 20:12.110 +story of the grapes? I know. The reason + +20:12.110 --> 20:14.930 +for this is that if machinery is built, + +20:14.930 --> 20:17.270 +they cook separate grapes. Some of the + +20:17.270 --> 20:19.210 +estate people who bought the... + +20:19.210 --> 20:21.150 +...impartialized the taste of the wine, + +20:21.230 --> 20:23.230 +the rich areas, the man-made skin areas, + +20:23.350 --> 20:24.850 +they mentioned that they used to... + +20:24.850 --> 20:27.610 +...breeze that one time. This aroma and + +20:27.610 --> 20:29.850 +taste are so important... But I noticed in + +20:29.850 --> 20:32.590 +an article in the Zedby book that they are + +20:32.590 --> 20:37.590 +tenacious. + +20:40.110 --> 20:43.830 +My own figure from my observation is + +20:43.830 --> 20:47.150 +between 15 and 12 centimeters. That's the + +20:47.150 --> 20:49.870 +figure I take. And it's just 15 + +20:49.870 --> 20:52.030 +centimeters. rather similar to Champagne, + +20:52.090 --> 20:55.770 +and the very + +20:55.770 --> 20:58.050 +sweet wines of the area around Grand Ole. + +20:59.110 --> 21:01.650 +One of the famous wines which is mentioned + +21:01.650 --> 21:03.990 +in English literature is a dill, namely + +21:03.990 --> 21:05.590 +Mamsie wine. I would say, for example, + +21:05.650 --> 21:08.910 +about 77% of the dill is a Grand Ole Grand + +21:08.910 --> 21:12.630 +Ole. The special characteristic of these + +21:12.630 --> 21:17.570 +are about approximately 70% of Champagne. + +21:18.850 --> 21:21.170 +These tribes each speak a dialect. + +21:24.190 --> 21:26.550 +Now, unfortunately, there are many people + +21:26.550 --> 21:29.730 +who use this language in their own + +21:29.730 --> 21:33.030 +language. These people don't understand + +21:33.030 --> 21:37.230 +that type of a thing. So it has made a + +21:37.230 --> 21:40.830 +contribution in that direction. It hasn't + +21:40.830 --> 21:44.810 +done anything else. Now, what I didn't see + +21:44.810 --> 21:50.850 +there, is that the average + +21:50.850 --> 21:53.770 +age of the administrator that I found in + +21:53.770 --> 22:00.510 +the area was 42, 43 years. There were only + +22:00.510 --> 22:04.350 +two administrators, two governors, and I + +22:04.350 --> 22:07.650 +met two of them over that. I could only be + +22:07.650 --> 22:12.290 +in northern was a colonel retired, a + +22:12.290 --> 22:15.890 +fellow by the name of Modesta and that was + +22:15.890 --> 22:19.110 +the moment of grief. The average age of + +22:19.110 --> 22:24.390 +the district governor was about 42. And + +22:24.390 --> 22:26.590 +there were two or three exceptions. There + +22:26.590 --> 22:29.990 +appeared to be a military that was able to + +22:29.990 --> 22:36.190 +option for him. and I also noticed the + +22:36.190 --> 22:40.710 +enthusiasm for the work of the city of + +22:40.710 --> 22:44.670 +Doris. It reminded me very much of the + +22:44.670 --> 22:50.590 +situation in Japan. I was there, the + +22:50.590 --> 22:53.470 +enthusiasm we had for the Civil Affairs + +22:53.470 --> 22:58.650 +and Military Government teams. So you have + +22:58.650 --> 23:02.170 +a great emphasis there to get these things + +23:02.170 --> 23:07.250 +done that have been said to be lacking in + +23:07.250 --> 23:11.030 +these areas. Effective law education. + +23:13.030 --> 23:17.790 +Ladies and gentlemen, I don't see this as + +23:17.790 --> 23:24.090 +an excuse for lack of education. But if + +23:24.090 --> 23:27.170 +you examine the record, if you examine the + +23:27.170 --> 23:32.730 +record of the airwaves, what you'll find + +23:32.730 --> 23:35.110 +is that they are very, very nice. + +23:47.230 --> 23:51.510 +I think that I've taken enough time to + +23:51.510 --> 23:51.510 +explain to you what I mean by the + +23:51.510 --> 23:55.650 +airwaves. I'm going to... There are + +23:55.650 --> 24:01.050 +several things I'd like to ask. If the + +24:01.050 --> 24:06.210 +enemies of the British push demand the + +24:06.210 --> 24:08.310 +immediate surrender of Angola, + +24:11.210 --> 24:16.690 +I want one. The fool. Who do you negotiate + +24:16.690 --> 24:23.210 +with? If they say you negotiate with the + +24:23.210 --> 24:29.930 +Nazis, or the rebels, or what you like to + +24:29.930 --> 24:35.310 +call terrorists, then that's + +24:35.310 --> 24:38.110 +just a thing you can say out there. You + +24:38.110 --> 24:42.330 +negotiate with whom? to negotiate with? To + +24:42.330 --> 24:44.830 +whom do you turn the reins of government? + +24:46.450 --> 24:49.870 +Who do you negotiate with? I want to know + +24:49.870 --> 24:52.250 +who are these people who claim that they + +24:52.250 --> 24:56.270 +represent the people of Angola? Who are + +24:56.270 --> 25:02.090 +they? Where do they come from? And if you + +25:02.090 --> 25:07.450 +say, own your battles, marry the Niazak, + +25:07.450 --> 25:11.210 +out if you say these two men represent the + +25:11.210 --> 25:15.190 +people of angola where is the element of + +25:15.190 --> 25:19.330 +self-determination isn't self + +25:19.330 --> 25:23.190 +-determination doesn't signify that people + +25:23.190 --> 25:27.730 +have a choice is this + +25:27.730 --> 25:30.990 +to + +25:30.990 --> 25:31.410 +be achieved + +25:37.450 --> 25:40.670 +the exceptional philosophy that I was not + +25:40.670 --> 25:45.150 +here to pursue. He did surrender to the + +25:45.150 --> 25:47.890 +mere fact that the country is not repaired + +25:47.890 --> 25:53.550 +is no excuse. Now the missionaries have + +25:53.550 --> 26:01.270 +said negotiate. I was home. Was home. And + +26:01.270 --> 26:04.450 +I'm very important to the state. And if a + +26:04.450 --> 26:07.010 +man says, I represent the United States, + +26:08.310 --> 26:12.050 +the people have to know that it's like the + +26:12.050 --> 26:16.330 +following of the political campaign, the + +26:16.330 --> 26:19.890 +Supreme Court, the Supreme Court doesn't + +26:19.890 --> 26:23.190 +represent its whites. The economy tells us + +26:23.190 --> 26:25.850 +exactly what the situation is. But a man + +26:25.850 --> 26:30.710 +says, I represent this. I was in street + +26:30.710 --> 26:34.750 +commerce for hours. I commented. I asked, + +26:34.770 --> 26:35.890 +do you know Holger Barrow? + +26:38.650 --> 26:42.090 +Good. The same thing I applied when I + +26:42.090 --> 26:46.450 +said, you know, you know, I didn't know + +26:46.450 --> 26:50.910 +him. I was just, I was just, he was named + +26:50.910 --> 26:52.050 +by me. Good. + +26:56.010 --> 27:01.110 +I wonder if the claim is that Holden Perot + +27:01.110 --> 27:06.090 +actually represents somebody. Harry + +27:06.090 --> 27:08.550 +Leandrani is the defendant, John Merriman. + +27:09.210 --> 27:12.030 +Holden Perot has denied any comments. + +27:27.150 --> 27:31.410 +I would stake my right arm on him. that if + +27:31.410 --> 27:34.010 +Holden Roberto ever takes control of + +27:34.010 --> 27:37.070 +Angola, he will be another Castro, and + +27:37.070 --> 27:39.110 +I'll stake my right arm, and I'll be like + +27:39.110 --> 27:41.330 +that rope who put it right over the fire + +27:41.330 --> 27:44.490 +and committed it to burn. The Holden + +27:44.490 --> 27:46.770 +-Roberto method is not that way. + +27:49.550 --> 27:55.550 +They say, well, truth is very high. Other, + +27:55.610 --> 27:59.670 +other things. The Chinese are interested. + +28:00.770 --> 28:04.730 +The end is near. The beginnings are very, + +28:04.770 --> 28:07.790 +very quiet. There are the great, great, + +28:07.930 --> 28:11.750 +great, expression of the ideas of the + +28:11.750 --> 28:15.750 +years. More racism, more discrimination, + +28:16.350 --> 28:19.670 +more politics, and the ideas of the great, + +28:19.710 --> 28:23.210 +great, great, and the public health + +28:23.210 --> 28:26.790 +statistics. And all of the others, and + +28:26.790 --> 28:30.650 +they were + +28:30.650 --> 28:38.310 +not living + +28:38.310 --> 28:40.330 +with God. They were living with God as + +28:40.330 --> 28:42.370 +well as they were living with God. And the + +28:42.370 --> 28:45.610 +fact that the comparisons were bothering + +28:45.610 --> 28:48.370 +us in Herod, the comparisons were to the + +28:48.370 --> 28:52.030 +hymn. now let's not make the same mistake + +28:52.030 --> 28:58.470 +in this whole business of anger. I am so + +28:58.470 --> 29:04.010 +out of the behind human hearts. I would + +29:04.010 --> 29:07.730 +like to see no man that's in my way that + +29:07.730 --> 29:11.590 +works for me, I can't otherwise than the + +29:11.590 --> 29:13.730 +interest of ours and the opportunity. + +29:15.990 --> 29:20.270 +Remember this, the one thing that perhaps + +29:20.270 --> 29:25.590 +Perhaps we should understand that these + +29:25.590 --> 29:31.270 +tribes in Angola, because of their past + +29:31.270 --> 29:34.950 +history, have not had the economic + +29:34.950 --> 29:40.690 +incentives that perhaps the mind-minds of + +29:40.690 --> 29:43.970 +the British are so bad. I think the work + +29:43.970 --> 29:46.150 +that's going on here, the people who have + +29:46.150 --> 29:49.070 +been gathered to build, you're getting + +29:49.070 --> 29:53.770 +people who are people who don't see the + +29:53.770 --> 29:57.850 +question. You're getting an education, and + +29:57.850 --> 29:59.890 +the education making it possible for them + +29:59.890 --> 30:04.350 +to take advantage of the job. That's + +30:04.350 --> 30:06.790 +wonderful. Everybody is all in favor of + +30:06.790 --> 30:10.250 +that. But there's also a disinformation + +30:10.250 --> 30:13.450 +among the men who are charged with student + +30:13.450 --> 30:16.390 +abuse, and more than that information. I + +30:16.390 --> 30:18.530 +sometimes wonder whether the matter should + +30:18.530 --> 30:24.050 +not be imposed on a compulsory basis. I + +30:24.050 --> 30:25.630 +think there are some laws in this country + +30:25.630 --> 30:27.610 +I know of that are not sending children to + +30:27.610 --> 30:29.070 +school and get out of the parents' house + +30:29.070 --> 30:31.210 +and forced them to go to school. Well, + +30:31.470 --> 30:35.510 +there hasn't been this impulsory feature + +30:35.510 --> 30:40.190 +of education in Angola. Then you have + +30:40.190 --> 30:44.470 +problems of society, for example. The + +30:44.470 --> 30:47.630 +tribe there has certain customs to live + +30:47.630 --> 30:49.750 +by. I think it means that that's separate. + +30:50.830 --> 30:53.190 +I'm not from Angola. I'm from Angola. I'm + +30:53.190 --> 30:57.010 +from Angola. I'm from Angola. I'm from + +30:57.010 --> 30:57.530 +Angola. + +31:12.670 --> 31:19.010 +I have seen + +31:19.010 --> 31:23.210 +night schools with hundreds going to + +31:23.210 --> 31:25.430 +thousands if you want to, of all the + +31:25.430 --> 31:28.370 +students. of students who were studying + +31:28.370 --> 31:31.310 +and now maybe this is something that + +31:31.310 --> 31:35.130 +should just come up. I don't know. I saw + +31:35.130 --> 31:38.890 +this business. 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Tape #1: Stanford (Calif.), 1995-04-08","prod:bw689yg2740","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","6","Accessioned","world","10","8","728 MB","763757399" +"cf157rm7757","USSR Exhibit 401: ""German Destruction in USSR"", Reel 3","prod:br525sp8033","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","6","Accessioned","world","11","9","220 MB","230631778" +"cv116wv5355","sncc meeting","prod:bd766nv2565","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","5","Accessioned","world","8","6","40.2 MB","42159198" +"cz258mq3842","Viva Chile m--","prod:gn213vd3845","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","6","Accessioned","world","19","15","208 MB","217807434" +"dn434hf2144","earth day student podcast","prod:kb219xm5239","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","5","Accessioned","world","7","5","123 MB","129070093" +"fk250vc8974","lost-landscapes","lost:landscapes","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","5","Accessioned","world","8","6","399 MB","418268474" +"gj376pv2367","Genero, Jack Interviews with five striking Chicana/o students after three days into hunger strike: Stanford (Calif.), 1994-05-06","prod:qf378nj5000","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","6","Accessioned","world","9","7","313 MB","327935954" +"hv054kd4261","Project South - S611","prod:bb158br2509","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","6","Accessioned","world","10","8","39.8 MB","41767385" +"jr745nr3367","Pina Bausch, Presidential Lecture Series. part 1","prod:px070tk8203","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","8","Accessioned","world","16","12","111 MB","116457745" +"jv560nw0036","cactus garden","prod:bg821nn2750","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","7","Accessioned","world","9","7","272 MB","285065941" +"jz734cm7143","shakey","prod:pp818dw4992","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","13","Accessioned","world","7","5","514 MB","539078424" +"kb425fq6029","two overlapping recordings, much of it unintelligble","prod:xv681hq1696","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","7","Accessioned","world","8","6","31.1 MB","32621298" +"kg363hp7075","#28 Tangos, European Peace interviews","prod:kp010zv7055","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","5","Accessioned","world","17","13","150 MB","157509036" +"mc135dt6327","chiura obata (mostly Japanese)","prod:bs744dg5568","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","9","Accessioned","world","11","9","438 MB","458863703" +"qx203gt3137","cherokee language lessons (for english speakers)","prod:my683pp9971","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","7","Accessioned","world","11","9","36.9 MB","38701906" +"rr765bw2466","Whitmire, Amanda L. Student work, copyright and FERPA: how what you don't know might FERP-YA: Stanford (Calif.), 2020-02-10","prod:bg405cn7261","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","6","Accessioned","world","9","7","158 MB","165932462" +"tg491zk0596","suchman work","prod:wz130pm0515","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","5","Accessioned","world","8","6","650 MB","681779704" +"vr271pc9432","brodsky readings (mostly english, some russian)","prod:tw602gm2722","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","8","Accessioned","world","16","12","158 MB","166067526" +"wg332kt9945","Mathews, Max V. Improvising Machines master: California, 1971-02-01","prod:cr433bd9804","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","6","Accessioned","world","11","9","37 MB","38788739" +"xs708yc4548","tibetan oral history (tibetan and english)","prod:dd704pb2854","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","5","Accessioned","world","10","8","826 MB","865714932" +"yr465hd3700","radio moscow (in English) on one recording, french lessons on the other","prod:qw237kb3383","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","6","Accessioned","world","17","13","37.6 MB","39437025" +"yy014cj2840","beijing university centennial (mostly Mandarin, some English)","prod:nj963cm2696","Berger testing","caption/whisper testing","6","Accessioned","world","10","8","1.09 GB","1172501201" diff --git a/docs/report.py b/docs/report.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..dc67290 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/report.py @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 + +import datetime +import difflib +import json +import re +from io import StringIO +from pathlib import Path +from typing import Iterator, Tuple, List + +import requests + +# These are media items set up in SDR's QA environment to use for testing. + +druids = [ + "bz245jm8076", + "cf157rm7757", + "cv116wv5355", + "cz258mq3842", + "dn434hf2144", + "fk250vc8974", + "gj376pv2367", + "hv054kd4261", + "jr745nr3367", + "jv560nw0036", + "jz734cm7143", + "kb425fq6029", + "kg363hp7075", + "mc135dt6327", + "qx203gt3137", + "rr765bw2466", + "tg491zk0596", + "vr271pc9432", + "wg332kt9945", + "xs708yc4548", + "yr465hd3700", + "yy014cj2840", +] + + +def main() -> None: + date = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d") + baseline_dir = Path("baseline") + current_dir = Path("reports") / date + + # if there are no files to compare go get them + if not current_dir.is_dir(): + current_dir.mkdir() + for druid in druids: + print(f"fetching files for {druid}") + get_files(druid, current_dir) + + write_report(date, baseline_dir, current_dir) + print(f"wrote report to reports/{date}/index.md") + + +def get_files(druid: str, output_dir: Path) -> None: + """ + Fetch the VTT and Cocina JSON files for a specific SDR item using the DRUID. + """ + + # Note: The SDR items corresponding to these Druids are in the QA + # environment, but both the QA and Staging SDR environment publish to PURL + # and Stacks in the Staging environment. Confusing? Yes. At least this is + # the case when this was written in 2025-01-01. + + # fetch the Cocina and write it out + cocina = requests.get(f"https://sul-purl-stage.stanford.edu/{druid}.json").json() + cocina_file = output_dir / f"{druid}.json" + json.dump(cocina, cocina_file.open("w"), indent=2) + + # look in the Cocina for VTT files to download + for filename in vtt_files(cocina): + url = f"https://stacks-stage.stanford.edu/file/druid:{druid}/{filename}" + data = requests.get(url).content + output_file = output_dir / filename.name + output_file.open("wb").write(data) + + +def vtt_files(cocina: dict) -> Iterator[Path]: + """ + Return an iterator for all the VTT files in the item. + """ + for resource in cocina["structural"]["contains"]: + for file in resource["structural"]["contains"]: + filename = Path(file["filename"]) + if filename.suffix == ".vtt": + yield filename + + +def write_report(date: str, baseline_dir: Path, current_dir: Path) -> None: + """ + Writes a index.md file to current_dir summarizing the differences between + it and the baseline. + """ + + output_file = current_dir / "index.md" + output = output_file.open("w") + output.write(f"# Benchmark Comparison {date}\n") + + for druid in druids: + output.write(f"\n## {druid}\n\n") + + for test_name, result in compare_item(date, druid, baseline_dir, current_dir): + checkbox = "- [X]" if result else "- [ ]" + output.write(f"{checkbox} {test_name}\n") + + +def compare_item( + date: str, druid: str, baseline_dir: Path, current_dir: Path +) -> List[Tuple[str, bool]]: + """ + Compare the transcripts in the baseline directory with the ones found in the + current_dir. The druid is passed in for reference in messages. A list of + tuples of a test message and whether the test passed is returned. + """ + checks = [] + + cocina_baseline = json.load((baseline_dir / f"{druid}.json").open()) + cocina_current = json.load((current_dir / f"{druid}.json").open()) + + checks.append( + ("version is greater", cocina_current["version"] > cocina_baseline["version"]) + ) + + vtts_b = list(vtt_files(cocina_baseline)) + vtts_c = list(vtt_files(cocina_current)) + + checks.append( + (f"has correct number of VTT files ({len(vtts_b)})", len(vtts_b) == len(vtts_c)) + ) + + for vtt in vtts_b: + vtt_b = baseline_dir / vtt + vtt_c = current_dir / vtt + + msg = f"{vtt} size ({vtt_b.stat().st_size} == {vtt_c.stat().st_size})" + same_size = vtt_b.stat().st_size == vtt_c.stat().st_size + + # if the file sizes aren't the same generate a diff HTML file and link it + if not same_size: + diff_filename = f"{vtt_b.name}-diff.html" + write_diff(druid, vtt_b, vtt_c, current_dir / diff_filename) + msg += f" [diff](https://sul-dlss.github.io/speech-to-text/reports/{date}/{diff_filename})" + + checks.append((msg, same_size)) + + return checks + + +def write_diff(druid: str, vtt1: Path, vtt2: Path, output_file: Path) -> None: + """ + Writes an HTML diff for two given VTT files. The HTML is written to the + output_path location. The druid is passed in for use in the report. + """ + lines1 = split_sentences(lines(vtt1)) + lines2 = split_sentences(lines(vtt2)) + + diff = difflib.HtmlDiff(wrapcolumn=80).make_file( + lines1, lines2, "reference", "transcript" + ) + + output = StringIO() + output.writelines(diff) + html = output.getvalue() + + # embed the media player for this item + html = html.replace( + "", + f'\n\n
', + ) + + output_file.open("w").write(html) + + +def lines(vtt_file: Path) -> List[str]: + """ + Returns a list of just the text lines from the VTT file. + """ + results = [] + for line in vtt_file.open(): + line = line.strip() + if line and line != "WEBVTT" and " --> " not in line: + results.append(line) + + return results + + +sentence_endings = re.compile(r"(? List[str]: + """ + Split lines with multiple sentences into multiple lines. So, + + To be or not to be. That is the question. + + will become: + + To be or not to be. + That is the question. + """ + text = " ".join(lines) + text = text.replace("\n", " ") + text = re.sub(r" +", " ", text) + sentences = sentence_endings.split(text.strip()) + sentences = [sentence.strip() for sentence in sentences] + + return sentences + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main() diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/EarthDayPodcast_Full_Final.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/EarthDayPodcast_Full_Final.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51db845 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/EarthDayPodcast_Full_Final.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,4688 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:16.840 --> 00:19.320 +Good evening, everyone. You're listening + +00:19.320 --> 00:23.240 +to KCSU Stanford 90.1. Thank you so much + +00:23.240 --> 00:24.940 +for joining us for the Happy Birthday + +00:24.940 --> 00:27.360 +Earth Day 50th Anniversary Special + +00:27.360 --> 00:29.260 +featuring students from Ellen Fletcher + +00:29.260 --> 00:31.100 +Middle School in Palo Alto, California. + +00:31.900 --> 00:34.600 +I'm Lexi Nealon. And I'm Chris Escobedo. + +00:34.740 --> 00:36.660 +And we will be your hosts tonight for this + +00:36.660 --> 00:38.380 +Earth Day special. We're both + +00:38.380 --> 00:40.460 +undergraduates completing degrees in the + +00:40.460 --> 00:42.100 +Earth Systems program at Stanford + +00:42.100 --> 00:44.240 +University. For our senior capstone + +00:44.240 --> 00:45.740 +project, we wanted to work on something + +00:45.740 --> 00:47.440 +that would make a difference in the world, + +00:47.560 --> 00:50.080 +not just for us as students, but for the + +00:50.080 --> 00:52.520 +broader community as well, something that + +00:52.520 --> 00:55.160 +would last beyond our time at Stanford. We + +00:55.160 --> 00:57.140 +were especially interested in working with + +00:57.140 --> 00:59.280 +youth for this project because we see a + +00:59.280 --> 01:01.500 +tremendous need and desire to involve them + +01:01.500 --> 01:04.320 +in the environmental movement. In recent + +01:04.320 --> 01:06.560 +years, Gen Z has become increasingly + +01:06.560 --> 01:09.360 +interested in environmental activism, and + +01:09.360 --> 01:11.060 +the Washington Post actually estimates + +01:11.060 --> 01:13.940 +that 24% of current U.S. teenagers have + +01:13.940 --> 01:16.400 +participated in a school walkout, attended + +01:16.400 --> 01:18.640 +a protest, or written to a government + +01:18.640 --> 01:20.460 +representative about climate change. + +01:20.460 --> 01:23.480 +Because lots of environmental issues are + +01:23.480 --> 01:26.100 +complex and overwhelming, we were curious + +01:26.100 --> 01:28.560 +to hear how young people would talk about + +01:28.560 --> 01:30.860 +them in their own voices, what questions + +01:30.860 --> 01:32.880 +they might have, what concerns they'd + +01:32.880 --> 01:35.060 +have, and what they look forward to in the + +01:35.060 --> 01:37.700 +future. We were also so aware of the need + +01:37.700 --> 01:39.960 +for hope and optimism, especially right + +01:39.960 --> 01:42.340 +now during this pandemic, and it seemed + +01:42.340 --> 01:44.840 +that empowering youth to participate in + +01:44.840 --> 01:47.220 +these complex discussions could serve as a + +01:47.220 --> 01:48.800 +powerful motivator for environmental + +01:48.800 --> 01:51.280 +activism. activism. I've worked in radio + +01:51.280 --> 01:54.100 +at KCSU for almost four years, so I know + +01:54.100 --> 01:56.460 +that this is a great platform not only for + +01:56.460 --> 01:58.560 +participants to highlight their ideas, but + +01:58.560 --> 02:00.540 +also for them to build confidence, learn + +02:00.540 --> 02:02.220 +how to talk with people, and find their + +02:02.220 --> 02:04.460 +own voice. Putting all that together, + +02:04.780 --> 02:06.180 +Chris and I thought that a podcast + +02:06.180 --> 02:07.480 +highlighting middle schoolers' + +02:07.520 --> 02:09.420 +perspectives at an age when they are + +02:09.420 --> 02:11.180 +really coming into their own in terms of + +02:11.180 --> 02:13.080 +becoming active decision makers in their + +02:13.080 --> 02:15.340 +school and community would be a great way + +02:15.340 --> 02:17.520 +to celebrate Earth Day. Over the last + +02:17.520 --> 02:19.840 +three months, we've worked collaboratively + +02:19.840 --> 02:21.500 +with 13 Ellen Fletcher middle school + +02:21.500 --> 02:23.720 +students to prepare them to interview + +02:23.720 --> 02:26.100 +their chosen trusted adults and to be + +02:26.100 --> 02:28.500 +interviewed themselves. We hope that + +02:28.500 --> 02:29.860 +hearing from these students will make + +02:29.860 --> 02:31.760 +others excited about considering the youth + +02:31.760 --> 02:33.980 +voice, especially when making decisions + +02:33.980 --> 02:36.700 +that impact future generations. The + +02:36.700 --> 02:38.480 +remainder of this program follows the + +02:38.480 --> 02:40.100 +students as they interview family, + +02:40.320 --> 02:42.660 +friends, mentors, and teachers from their + +02:42.660 --> 02:44.640 +community who reflect on environmental + +02:44.640 --> 02:46.480 +changes they've noticed since the first + +02:46.480 --> 02:49.980 +Earth Day in 1970. Later on, the same + +02:49.980 --> 02:51.800 +students will discuss their perspectives + +02:51.800 --> 02:53.640 +on today's environmental challenges, + +02:53.860 --> 02:56.560 +particularly climate change, and offer + +02:56.560 --> 02:58.620 +their own inspiring visions for how we + +02:58.620 --> 03:00.480 +might achieve a more sustainable future. + +03:01.560 --> 03:04.060 +Before we get started though, we'd like to + +03:04.060 --> 03:06.060 +share a quick message with you about the + +03:06.060 --> 03:08.820 +temporary coronavirus-related closure of + +03:08.820 --> 03:12.100 +our campus arts museum. As part of + +03:12.100 --> 03:14.880 +Stanford's response to COVID-19, Cantor + +03:14.880 --> 03:16.980 +Arts Center has closed its galleries to + +03:16.980 --> 03:18.940 +the general public until at least May + +03:18.940 --> 03:21.980 +15th. In the interim, the museum is + +03:21.980 --> 03:24.480 +offering a digest of digital resources for + +03:24.480 --> 03:26.500 +visitors to explore through Museums at + +03:26.500 --> 03:31.200 +Home link. Visit museum.stanford.edu slash + +03:31.200 --> 03:35.400 +museums dash home. Cantor Arts is looking + +03:35.400 --> 03:37.460 +forward to reopening its doors once again + +03:37.460 --> 03:40.940 +as soon as possible. For more info, go to + +03:40.940 --> 03:45.500 +museums.stanford.edu. Thanks, Chris, for + +03:45.500 --> 03:48.300 +that important update. Now, as a reminder, + +03:48.520 --> 03:50.840 +each of our 13 students selected one adult + +03:50.840 --> 03:53.120 +participant, and the only criteria we + +03:53.120 --> 03:55.040 +required for their selection was that the + +03:55.040 --> 03:56.480 +adult had to be someone they would be + +03:56.480 --> 03:58.200 +comfortable interviewing and was at least + +03:58.200 --> 04:00.400 +50 years old, such that they were alive + +04:00.400 --> 04:03.540 +during the first Earth Day in 1970. Right, + +04:03.660 --> 04:05.520 +so let's go ahead and meet those adults + +04:05.520 --> 04:06.400 +that our students chose. + +04:10.860 --> 04:14.340 +I'm a mother of one fantastic daughter, + +04:14.600 --> 04:18.140 +and I'm an administrator at Stanford in + +04:18.140 --> 04:20.800 +the computer science department. I'm like + +04:20.800 --> 04:23.460 +technically a secretary, a nutrition + +04:23.460 --> 04:25.880 +expert, a housekeeper and fashion + +04:25.880 --> 04:28.440 +counselor for my husband and my two + +04:28.440 --> 04:31.940 +beautiful kids. And I was born in Mexico + +04:31.940 --> 04:34.120 +City. I'm the daughter of Spanish + +04:34.120 --> 04:37.520 +immigrants. I am a teacher, and I'm very + +04:37.520 --> 04:40.820 +proud to be one, even though I don't teach + +04:40.820 --> 04:44.580 +nowadays. I'm from Berkeley, California, + +04:45.000 --> 04:49.700 +and I, of course, am retired. I'm elderly. + +04:50.420 --> 04:53.600 +I volunteer at the food closet and have a + +04:53.600 --> 04:58.120 +great book club. I'm from Bulgaria, Sofia + +04:58.120 --> 05:00.240 +is the capital of Bulgaria. I was born + +05:00.240 --> 05:04.160 +during communism and then my husband won a + +05:04.160 --> 05:06.640 +green card from the lottery and we all + +05:06.640 --> 05:11.120 +became here. And we are in the USA since + +05:11.120 --> 05:15.220 +March of 1996. I live in Palo Alto, + +05:15.320 --> 05:18.500 +California. I run a company, I'm the CEO + +05:18.500 --> 05:21.240 +and co-founder of a tech company that has + +05:21.240 --> 05:23.780 +a software solution based on artificial + +05:23.780 --> 05:26.240 +intelligence. I am the Fletcher Middle + +05:26.240 --> 05:29.620 +School librarian, and I was born in 1965 + +05:29.620 --> 05:33.180 +in Boston, and I went to UC Berkeley for + +05:33.180 --> 05:36.060 +my teaching credential and my master's in + +05:36.060 --> 05:38.960 +education. And my favorite job of all is + +05:38.960 --> 05:41.960 +being a middle school teacher librarian. I + +05:41.960 --> 05:45.700 +am a language arts and music teacher, a + +05:45.700 --> 05:48.740 +great supporter of all environmental + +05:48.740 --> 05:51.340 +movements to save this beautiful planet, + +05:51.560 --> 05:56.160 +Mother Earth. and I recycle very + +05:56.160 --> 05:59.460 +scrupulously. I grew up in India. + +06:00.380 --> 06:03.640 +Currently, I'm an enterprise solutions + +06:03.640 --> 06:06.980 +engineer working in the machine learning + +06:06.980 --> 06:09.620 +artificial intelligence field. When I was + +06:09.620 --> 06:13.140 +growing up, I went to college to study + +06:13.140 --> 06:17.940 +geology and earth sciences, but then I + +06:17.940 --> 06:19.700 +moved to computer science field. + +06:19.700 --> 06:23.340 +Currently, I'm working in medical affairs, + +06:23.500 --> 06:26.820 +working with cancer drugs at a + +06:26.820 --> 06:30.040 +pharmaceutical company. For fun, I like to + +06:30.040 --> 06:34.760 +travel, and every year we visit my parents + +06:34.760 --> 06:38.300 +and relatives in Thailand. I'm a + +06:38.300 --> 06:41.040 +management consultant. I work mostly in + +06:41.040 --> 06:43.580 +the life sciences industry doing + +06:43.580 --> 06:46.540 +technology consulting. I grew up in a + +06:46.540 --> 06:49.340 +little town in Iowa, northeastern Iowa. + +06:49.680 --> 06:54.960 +And the last few years, I was a school + +06:54.960 --> 06:57.420 +librarian at a high school in Fairfax + +06:57.420 --> 07:01.300 +County. I grew up in Southern California + +07:01.300 --> 07:05.020 +in Orange County. And then when I got + +07:05.020 --> 07:09.220 +married, we both worked in technology. And + +07:09.220 --> 07:12.020 +so we moved up here to the Bay Area. And + +07:12.020 --> 07:15.600 +then we both have worked in technology and + +07:15.600 --> 07:17.400 +also have been very involved in the + +07:17.400 --> 07:18.960 +schools when our kids were in school. + +07:25.580 --> 07:27.340 +What amazing and diverse participants. + +07:28.220 --> 07:30.060 +Although all of our students are based in + +07:30.060 --> 07:32.180 +Palo Alto, the adults they chose to + +07:32.180 --> 07:33.660 +interview have connections all over the + +07:33.660 --> 07:35.720 +globe. I can't wait to hear what they have + +07:35.720 --> 07:38.720 +to say. Absolutely agreed. I think this + +07:38.720 --> 07:40.140 +really goes to show just how + +07:40.140 --> 07:42.720 +interconnected our world is nowadays. And + +07:42.720 --> 07:44.920 +I'm thrilled to hear such a wide variety + +07:44.920 --> 07:47.520 +of perspectives. Let's hand it over to the + +07:47.520 --> 07:48.460 +kids to get us started. + +07:52.860 --> 07:55.160 +Think about a place where you have lived + +07:55.160 --> 07:58.580 +in or visited for multiple years. How has + +07:58.580 --> 08:00.780 +the environment in that place changed over + +08:00.780 --> 08:04.180 +time? Sure. Sure. One of the most popular + +08:04.180 --> 08:07.340 +places in India is Bangalore. And as + +08:07.340 --> 08:10.580 +anyone knows right now, Bangalore is + +08:10.580 --> 08:12.880 +called the Silicon Valley of India. But + +08:12.880 --> 08:14.960 +when I was growing up, Bangalore was the + +08:14.960 --> 08:17.580 +most beautiful city with the best weather + +08:17.580 --> 08:21.600 +and no pollution, less number of people. + +08:21.660 --> 08:24.560 +It was a beautiful city to grow or visit + +08:24.560 --> 08:27.800 +for tourism. But as the time passed by, + +08:28.040 --> 08:32.000 +the tech boom happened and people just + +08:32.000 --> 08:35.220 +grew exponentially. Now, every time I go + +08:35.220 --> 08:37.920 +to Bangalore, it's dusty, it's polluted, + +08:38.100 --> 08:42.920 +it's warm, and it's not that something you + +08:42.920 --> 08:45.600 +love to live there. It has changed + +08:45.600 --> 08:48.360 +drastically. I would say like in 25 or 30 + +08:48.360 --> 08:54.780 +years, it has become from a nice, cold and + +08:54.780 --> 08:59.040 +pleasant city in terms of the weather to + +08:59.040 --> 09:03.480 +more like hot. Humidity is high now and it + +09:03.480 --> 09:07.320 +rains too often. I grew up in Busan city + +09:07.320 --> 09:10.240 +in South Korea. It is a south part of + +09:10.240 --> 09:13.360 +country. It's near the ocean. It was a + +09:13.360 --> 09:16.220 +very nice place. The weather was nice. The + +09:16.220 --> 09:19.580 +air was very clean. There was a mountain + +09:19.580 --> 09:23.420 +near my town, and it was easily accessible + +09:23.420 --> 09:26.940 +for everyone. I remember that there was a + +09:26.940 --> 09:29.240 +little stream, and sometimes my friend and + +09:29.240 --> 09:32.300 +I went to the air play. We could easily + +09:32.300 --> 09:34.920 +spot frog spawn and tadpole and small + +09:34.920 --> 09:37.960 +fishes. It was fun. Well, like about 20 + +09:37.960 --> 09:40.620 +years ago, there was yellow dust, + +09:40.760 --> 09:43.660 +especially during springtime. Scientists + +09:43.660 --> 09:47.160 +said that yellow dust from China during + +09:47.160 --> 09:50.140 +springtime because wind made this yellow + +09:50.140 --> 09:54.320 +dust blow over the ocean and arrived to + +09:54.320 --> 09:57.120 +South Korea. But it's usually springtime, + +09:57.240 --> 09:59.640 +not that long, so people could just + +09:59.640 --> 10:02.380 +prevent and wear masks during that time. + +10:02.380 --> 10:06.720 +But however, these days, not only yellow + +10:06.720 --> 10:10.340 +dust, nowadays they say fine dust. I + +10:10.340 --> 10:14.320 +remember I went outside with a kid and I + +10:14.320 --> 10:17.500 +could tell the air is not very clear. And + +10:17.500 --> 10:19.640 +I got a phone call from my sister-in-law + +10:19.640 --> 10:22.900 +and, oh, today the fine dust level is very + +10:22.900 --> 10:25.040 +high. You should stay at home. And I + +10:25.040 --> 10:28.440 +asked, what is that? And she came to me + +10:28.440 --> 10:31.380 +and she showed me how to install the Find + +10:31.380 --> 10:34.220 +Us Index application. And she told me, you + +10:34.220 --> 10:36.060 +should check it every day. And if the + +10:36.060 --> 10:37.820 +level is very high, you should stay at + +10:37.820 --> 10:40.240 +home. It's really, really bad for kids and + +10:40.240 --> 10:43.080 +older people. And if you have to go out, + +10:43.160 --> 10:46.560 +you should wear a mask. So that is the new + +10:46.560 --> 10:50.660 +culture in Korea. I would take my hometown + +10:50.660 --> 10:54.620 +in India. It's almost kind of a very + +10:54.620 --> 10:56.600 +hidden gem. It's a hill station tucked + +10:56.600 --> 10:59.860 +away from the civilization almost. It's + +10:59.860 --> 11:03.620 +called Wayanad. It's on the southmost tip + +11:03.620 --> 11:05.720 +of India. As I said, it's a hill station + +11:05.720 --> 11:08.360 +surrounded by mountain around 8,000 feet + +11:08.360 --> 11:11.360 +above sea level. The only access to the + +11:11.360 --> 11:14.940 +place still is a bus route. And that's how + +11:14.940 --> 11:17.600 +we communicate with the rest of the world. + +11:17.820 --> 11:20.440 +So the memories of that place is, you + +11:20.440 --> 11:22.840 +know, it was abundance of nature. or + +11:22.840 --> 11:26.120 +that's what I can remember most. It was + +11:26.120 --> 11:29.360 +greenery everywhere, no pollution. When + +11:29.360 --> 11:32.360 +you walk outside at night, you could see a + +11:32.360 --> 11:36.320 +full starry sky. Like you couldn't see a + +11:36.320 --> 11:38.500 +place, locate a place where you don't see + +11:38.500 --> 11:41.120 +stars. It was that kind of a place. When I + +11:41.120 --> 11:44.180 +traveled back, I mostly traveled again by + +11:44.180 --> 11:46.840 +bus. So the first thing that you remember + +11:46.840 --> 11:51.540 +is as you are climbing a winding hill road + +11:51.540 --> 11:55.460 +to reach Wayanad, you would suddenly be + +11:55.460 --> 11:58.380 +hit with lots and lots of fresh air. Even + +11:58.380 --> 12:00.760 +if I'm sleeping, I would know that I + +12:00.760 --> 12:03.940 +reached Wayanad by just that breath of + +12:03.940 --> 12:07.040 +fresh air. So over the years, this fresh + +12:07.040 --> 12:11.340 +air, this cold wind, and that sweetness of + +12:11.340 --> 12:14.260 +earth that you can smell, that slowly + +12:14.260 --> 12:17.620 +started kind of eroding. So it's a little + +12:17.620 --> 12:20.900 +bit sad to see the place converted to + +12:20.900 --> 12:24.840 +almost an industrial location where you + +12:24.840 --> 12:27.220 +could see houses everywhere, roads + +12:27.220 --> 12:29.640 +everywhere, buildings getting propped up + +12:29.640 --> 12:31.740 +everywhere. So it's a little bit sad to + +12:31.740 --> 12:35.260 +see that. The first place I lived overseas + +12:35.260 --> 12:41.320 +was in Japan, which was Okinawa, but now + +12:41.320 --> 12:44.060 +that part is all part of Japan. Japan. + +12:44.180 --> 12:46.300 +It's a very small island. It was right + +12:46.300 --> 12:50.220 +after World War II. And there were a lot + +12:50.220 --> 12:52.600 +of damages done to the environment there + +12:52.600 --> 12:56.140 +because of the war in many places that + +12:56.140 --> 12:59.160 +were inaccessible to most people because + +12:59.160 --> 13:02.140 +it had damaged the place so much. And I + +13:02.140 --> 13:04.800 +understand that now they created a lot of + +13:04.800 --> 13:06.940 +tourist spots there. And apparently + +13:06.940 --> 13:10.660 +they've tried to restore the environment + +13:10.660 --> 13:14.320 +there, beaches and bring back a different + +13:14.320 --> 13:17.900 +kind of tourist economy. In Germany, we + +13:17.900 --> 13:20.560 +were there right after, you know, within a + +13:20.560 --> 13:23.080 +year of that. And there were many places + +13:23.080 --> 13:25.620 +you couldn't go because they still were + +13:25.620 --> 13:28.820 +having problems with unexploded bombs and + +13:28.820 --> 13:31.740 +stuff because you couldn't go there. So we + +13:31.740 --> 13:35.680 +didn't have a lot of access to just + +13:35.680 --> 13:37.900 +anywhere we wanted to go in Europe. All + +13:37.900 --> 13:39.740 +these places you could just walk right up + +13:39.740 --> 13:43.600 +to the buildings. And we went back there + +13:43.600 --> 13:45.360 +many years later and you could not do that + +13:45.360 --> 13:48.240 +because they had been damaged too much, + +13:48.240 --> 13:51.660 +either by tourists or time. When I was + +13:51.660 --> 13:54.340 +growing up, Mexico City had the most + +13:54.340 --> 13:57.680 +incredible environment. What I recall is a + +13:57.680 --> 14:00.420 +beautiful valley surrounded by mountains + +14:00.420 --> 14:04.980 +and some of them are huge volcanoes. The + +14:04.980 --> 14:07.900 +sky was always blue, the air always + +14:07.900 --> 14:10.800 +transparent. And you could predict the + +14:10.800 --> 14:14.120 +weather because it ran with clock + +14:14.120 --> 14:16.620 +perfection. We had a rainy season that + +14:16.620 --> 14:19.760 +started in May, finished in September. But + +14:19.760 --> 14:22.360 +that was it. And the fruit that you had + +14:22.360 --> 14:24.960 +and the vegetables you ate belonged to + +14:24.960 --> 14:27.300 +that season. Right now, everything has + +14:27.300 --> 14:29.840 +changed. When I was growing up, this city + +14:29.840 --> 14:32.600 +had 6 million people. And right now we are + +14:32.600 --> 14:34.740 +20-something. So the city has grown + +14:34.740 --> 14:39.540 +incredibly, incredibly, and not with great + +14:39.540 --> 14:42.580 +order, I would say. Can you please tell me + +14:42.580 --> 14:44.560 +about a time where you felt that climate + +14:44.560 --> 14:47.380 +change was impacting a part of your daily + +14:47.380 --> 14:50.520 +life? The drought we experienced a few + +14:50.520 --> 14:54.840 +years ago comes to mind. I remember when I + +14:54.840 --> 14:58.160 +first came to Pau Alto, there was a lot of + +14:58.160 --> 15:01.480 +rain in the winter and through the month + +15:01.480 --> 15:05.040 +of April. This is no longer the case and + +15:05.040 --> 15:07.920 +all of us remember how we had a water + +15:07.920 --> 15:11.140 +crisis and had to stop washing our cars, + +15:11.320 --> 15:15.900 +balconies, had to stop watering plants and + +15:15.900 --> 15:18.800 +change our habits to preserve water. of? + +15:19.220 --> 15:21.340 +Well, look at right now, we're all sitting + +15:21.340 --> 15:24.400 +at home and being quarantined. Why? + +15:24.580 --> 15:28.520 +Because there are some practices that need + +15:28.520 --> 15:32.960 +to be reviewed. What we eat, how we eat + +15:32.960 --> 15:36.340 +it, because the viruses come a lot of + +15:36.340 --> 15:40.960 +times from unhealthy food practices. And + +15:40.960 --> 15:43.340 +so the ethics of of what we're eating need + +15:43.340 --> 15:46.720 +to be reviewed in many countries. And + +15:46.720 --> 15:52.880 +then, yes, the ability to spread any kind + +15:52.880 --> 15:55.220 +of a problem all over the world quickly, + +15:56.240 --> 15:59.200 +that is an environmental issue that we're + +15:59.200 --> 16:01.420 +facing right now because we're so + +16:01.420 --> 16:04.200 +interconnected through airplanes, through + +16:04.200 --> 16:07.400 +traveling. Since we can do that, we need + +16:07.400 --> 16:10.840 +to be very conscious conscious about how + +16:10.840 --> 16:14.020 +we're behaving and what we are again what + +16:14.020 --> 16:16.520 +footprint we're leaving behind so i grew + +16:16.520 --> 16:21.260 +up in india when um companies like talked + +16:21.260 --> 16:25.380 +about co2 emissions i think more into + +16:25.380 --> 16:27.700 +general context in india was like people + +16:27.700 --> 16:32.080 +believed what was there but then um what + +16:32.080 --> 16:33.960 +happened was there were some industry + +16:33.960 --> 16:36.460 +disasters that happened in india i + +16:36.460 --> 16:39.000 +remember back in 70s and 80s, there were + +16:39.000 --> 16:41.420 +poisonous gases released in the atmosphere + +16:41.420 --> 16:45.440 +during something that happened with the + +16:45.440 --> 16:49.300 +industrial complex, and it caused a lot of + +16:49.300 --> 16:52.220 +deaths. So I think if I go back, I think + +16:52.220 --> 16:54.600 +in my memory only, I think the focus was + +16:54.600 --> 16:57.360 +always on these kind of life-threatening + +16:57.360 --> 17:02.120 +disasters rather than CO2 emissions, to my + +17:02.120 --> 17:03.560 +awareness. I don't think people paid + +17:03.560 --> 17:06.640 +enough attention to CO2 emissions back in + +17:06.640 --> 17:08.820 +the day. Do you think the general populace + +17:08.820 --> 17:11.860 +in your area were aware of climate change + +17:11.860 --> 17:15.520 +back then? Absolutely not. I don't think + +17:15.520 --> 17:19.080 +there was any awareness or even now there + +17:19.080 --> 17:20.480 +is awareness for climate change. + +17:21.080 --> 17:24.540 +Definitely the pollution, the industrial + +17:24.540 --> 17:27.000 +hazards that happened there, those were + +17:27.000 --> 17:30.600 +the concerns. But if I talk to most of the + +17:30.600 --> 17:32.660 +people back home in India, I don't think + +17:32.660 --> 17:35.500 +anybody knows the impact or the + +17:35.500 --> 17:39.240 +consequences of climate change. Even if + +17:39.240 --> 17:41.260 +you don't believe in the root cause, + +17:41.500 --> 17:43.780 +that's because of pollution or not, but we + +17:43.780 --> 17:45.220 +all know that the temperature of the + +17:45.220 --> 17:47.440 +planet is rising and it will have + +17:47.440 --> 17:50.540 +consequences. I don't think anybody's + +17:50.540 --> 17:52.840 +paying attention to that. I think it's + +17:52.840 --> 17:55.000 +probably the same in the United States. If + +17:55.000 --> 17:56.680 +you look at most of the cities, the big + +17:56.680 --> 17:58.940 +cities like New York, San Francisco, + +17:59.260 --> 18:02.480 +Houston, they're all on the coast. So if + +18:02.480 --> 18:05.160 +the temperature keeps rising, these cities + +18:05.160 --> 18:07.180 +won't exist anymore. But I think people + +18:07.180 --> 18:10.200 +think somehow it will solve itself, or + +18:10.200 --> 18:13.160 +honestly, people are not thinking long + +18:13.160 --> 18:15.960 +-term, in my opinion. What are your + +18:15.960 --> 18:17.600 +thoughts about the environment right now + +18:17.600 --> 18:19.560 +compared to the environment 15 years ago? + +18:19.960 --> 18:22.480 +I think about it a lot now. I mean, + +18:22.500 --> 18:24.780 +there's so much written about it, and we + +18:24.780 --> 18:28.120 +see so many pictures. We really never gave + +18:28.120 --> 18:31.380 +it a thought. never read or heard about it + +18:31.380 --> 18:34.520 +50 years ago. And now you just see + +18:34.520 --> 18:37.820 +pictures of it happening. I think it's in + +18:37.820 --> 18:42.080 +the forefront of all of our minds now. I + +18:42.080 --> 18:44.980 +hardly think you could talk to anyone who + +18:44.980 --> 18:47.420 +didn't think that it's happening. + +18:53.320 --> 18:55.460 +I don't know about you, but I'm finding it + +18:55.460 --> 18:57.400 +fascinating to hear from these folks about + +18:57.400 --> 18:59.360 +the changes they've witnessed, both in the + +18:59.360 --> 19:00.760 +sense of physical changes to the + +19:00.760 --> 19:02.820 +environment, as well as in social and + +19:02.820 --> 19:04.680 +cultural awareness about how humans are + +19:04.680 --> 19:07.280 +impacting the climate. Yeah, absolutely. I + +19:07.280 --> 19:09.100 +think they've done a fantastic job + +19:09.100 --> 19:11.200 +capturing what climate change really looks + +19:11.200 --> 19:14.240 +like on a human scale. It's almost + +19:14.240 --> 19:16.520 +disheartening to hear all of these + +19:16.520 --> 19:19.260 +dramatic personal stories of how much the + +19:19.260 --> 19:21.820 +earth has changed. Honestly, it's a little + +19:21.820 --> 19:24.140 +scary to think about. But at the same + +19:24.140 --> 19:26.300 +time, it's so encouraging to hear about + +19:26.300 --> 19:28.840 +how our awareness is growing, to know that + +19:28.840 --> 19:31.480 +people are paying more and more attention + +19:31.480 --> 19:34.620 +to these issues. I agree. Their message + +19:34.620 --> 19:37.280 +makes me feel very hopeful too. But let's + +19:37.280 --> 19:39.060 +also build some scientific context around + +19:39.060 --> 19:40.600 +the stories we've been hearing and talk + +19:40.600 --> 19:42.020 +about what the changes have looked like at + +19:42.020 --> 19:45.140 +a global scale. Sure, definitely. So this + +19:45.140 --> 19:47.680 +past year was the second warmest year on + +19:47.680 --> 19:51.160 +record globally. And July of 2019 was the + +19:51.160 --> 19:55.380 +hottest month in California ever. Since + +19:55.380 --> 19:58.580 +that very first Earth Day in 1970, our + +19:58.580 --> 20:01.600 +atmospheric CO2 levels have increased by + +20:01.600 --> 20:05.420 +26%, and every year we reach a new record + +20:05.420 --> 20:08.320 +high. The human population has also grown + +20:08.320 --> 20:11.660 +from 3.7 billion people in 1970 to close + +20:11.660 --> 20:13.740 +to 8 billion today, thus greatly + +20:13.740 --> 20:15.860 +increasing our ability as a species to + +20:15.860 --> 20:17.600 +make a lasting impact on the world around + +20:17.600 --> 20:20.500 +us. Yeah, I think these numbers can be be + +20:20.500 --> 20:23.340 +really shocking. They are super important + +20:23.340 --> 20:25.740 +and they do a great job of highlighting + +20:25.740 --> 20:28.960 +big changes and trends. But I also + +20:28.960 --> 20:31.440 +understand that for many of us, they are + +20:31.440 --> 20:34.220 +just big numbers and percentages and they + +20:34.220 --> 20:37.120 +don't mean much on their own. But these + +20:37.120 --> 20:40.080 +big numbers are causing real changes here + +20:40.080 --> 20:42.880 +and now. These drastic changes we've heard + +20:42.880 --> 20:45.180 +a lot about, the way people's lives are + +20:45.180 --> 20:48.020 +being impacted today, that is what these + +20:48.020 --> 20:50.380 +numbers are telling us. You're completely + +20:50.380 --> 20:52.620 +right. What's most important is the issues + +20:52.620 --> 20:54.320 +that these climate conditions can cause + +20:54.320 --> 20:56.240 +for our communities as well as for our + +20:56.240 --> 20:58.660 +environment. Let's go ahead and turn + +20:58.660 --> 21:00.260 +things back over to our students and their + +21:00.260 --> 21:02.060 +interviewees to hear more about how these + +21:02.060 --> 21:04.420 +issues manifest in their lives and what we + +21:04.420 --> 21:07.120 +can do individually and as a society to + +21:07.120 --> 21:07.740 +address them. + +21:11.600 --> 21:13.880 +can you describe the most important + +21:13.880 --> 21:16.440 +environmental issue in your opinion and + +21:16.440 --> 21:21.440 +why it's important pollution the the + +21:21.440 --> 21:24.280 +carbon emissions from cars and everyone on + +21:24.280 --> 21:26.020 +the road rushing to get to where they are + +21:26.020 --> 21:30.080 +if you look at the coronavirus pandemic + +21:30.080 --> 21:33.340 +with everyone sheltering in pace you can + +21:33.340 --> 21:37.080 +see that la our area, the pollution has + +21:37.080 --> 21:40.140 +been cut back or cut down because nobody's + +21:40.140 --> 21:42.640 +on the road using their cars. To me, + +21:42.760 --> 21:47.760 +rising sea level is the most, I would say, + +21:47.800 --> 21:51.500 +important environmental issue because that + +21:51.500 --> 21:55.280 +is causing a lot of smaller islands + +21:55.280 --> 21:58.640 +getting submerged by the sea level rise. + +21:58.640 --> 22:02.180 +So people are losing their places to live + +22:02.180 --> 22:06.560 +and animals or like sea animals, they're + +22:06.560 --> 22:09.660 +having trouble in terms of the pollution + +22:09.660 --> 22:14.040 +in the ocean. I think climate change is so + +22:14.040 --> 22:17.020 +important, not just for us here in + +22:17.020 --> 22:19.200 +California, where we've seen these raging + +22:19.200 --> 22:22.780 +wildfires, but around the world. And it + +22:22.780 --> 22:26.660 +just enrages me that we have people who + +22:26.660 --> 22:30.400 +are naysayers and denying the science. if + +22:30.400 --> 22:32.940 +you just look at the shrinkage of the ice, + +22:33.020 --> 22:34.840 +the polar ice, and you just watch that. + +22:34.920 --> 22:36.600 +And then you see these pictures of the + +22:36.600 --> 22:39.300 +starving polar bears. I mean, if that + +22:39.300 --> 22:40.980 +doesn't move someone, I don't know what + +22:40.980 --> 22:42.560 +will. And that's just talking about the + +22:42.560 --> 22:44.280 +animal population. But then you think + +22:44.280 --> 22:46.720 +about all the floods we've been having and + +22:46.720 --> 22:50.060 +all the horrific extreme weather. It's all + +22:50.060 --> 22:51.900 +linked to climate change. And I don't + +22:51.900 --> 22:54.360 +understand why we're not able to get it + +22:54.360 --> 22:56.940 +together, especially as a country. The + +22:56.940 --> 22:59.580 +fact that that we took ourselves out of + +22:59.580 --> 23:01.600 +the international agreements is so + +23:01.600 --> 23:04.200 +embarrassing because we're supposed to be + +23:04.540 --> 23:07.040 +this leader of nations and we're not + +23:07.040 --> 23:09.720 +leading. I still don't see any clear + +23:09.720 --> 23:12.760 +action or a strong guide from government. + +23:13.240 --> 23:15.780 +It's just true that glaciers are melting + +23:15.780 --> 23:19.400 +every year due to global warming. All our + +23:19.400 --> 23:22.840 +animal habitats are destroyed. Also, it'll + +23:22.840 --> 23:25.860 +impact the ecosystem. If ecosystem is + +23:25.860 --> 23:28.080 +destroyed, Showing people that is safe, + +23:28.140 --> 23:31.220 +too. I'm really worried. Do you think that + +23:31.220 --> 23:33.740 +more public recognition from events like + +23:33.740 --> 23:35.500 +Earth Day has helped the climate improve? + +23:36.460 --> 23:40.900 +Yes, I do. The first Earth Day was a very + +23:40.900 --> 23:43.780 +big deal. I mean, I remember it very + +23:43.780 --> 23:46.320 +clearly. I was in college. I think that + +23:46.320 --> 23:48.840 +that's brought a lot of attention over the + +23:48.840 --> 23:51.420 +years, along with other measures. I come + +23:51.420 --> 23:54.080 +from a marketing background, and so I know + +23:54.080 --> 23:56.020 +it's very important to always get the word + +23:56.020 --> 23:59.020 +out so people really understand what the + +23:59.020 --> 24:02.920 +issues are. And so Earth Day, it's really + +24:02.920 --> 24:06.800 +a marketing ploy that brings attention to + +24:06.800 --> 24:09.100 +the issues. And I think it's very + +24:09.100 --> 24:10.360 +important because that's the way that you + +24:10.360 --> 24:12.060 +can communicate and hopefully get people + +24:12.060 --> 24:13.960 +involved in activities. activities. For + +24:13.960 --> 24:16.520 +instance, a typical Earth Day activity + +24:16.520 --> 24:18.460 +might be to go out and clean up the creeks + +24:18.460 --> 24:21.020 +or the beaches. And by people + +24:21.020 --> 24:23.140 +participating in this, I think it gives + +24:23.140 --> 24:25.820 +them a real hands-on experience as far as + +24:25.820 --> 24:28.960 +why it's important and what it is out + +24:28.960 --> 24:30.920 +there and how they can help. And that may + +24:30.920 --> 24:33.500 +make them expand their view beyond just + +24:33.500 --> 24:35.380 +that beach that they're cleaning up. I + +24:35.380 --> 24:39.260 +think it's a a piece of the whole puzzle. + +24:39.440 --> 24:42.360 +Nothing in life is, I think, just a one + +24:42.360 --> 24:46.700 +-shot deal. So when you say it takes a + +24:46.700 --> 24:50.820 +village to do something, I think that's a + +24:50.820 --> 24:53.040 +good analogy here, that it takes a + +24:53.040 --> 24:55.460 +village. So you need things on many + +24:55.460 --> 24:59.580 +different levels so that people will + +24:59.580 --> 25:02.380 +understand it on different levels, and + +25:02.380 --> 25:07.740 +that it can make an impact locally, + +25:08.560 --> 25:12.480 +statewide, federally, nationwide, and + +25:12.480 --> 25:14.640 +internationally. And so I think it's very + +25:14.640 --> 25:17.520 +important to have different pieces that + +25:17.520 --> 25:21.200 +are going to all work together to move the + +25:21.200 --> 25:25.380 +goals forward. Do you think that evolution + +25:25.380 --> 25:28.080 +in technology is doing more or less good + +25:28.080 --> 25:30.480 +for the environment? I'm divided in my + +25:30.480 --> 25:33.700 +opinion. I think, you know, I say humans + +25:33.700 --> 25:36.720 +are progressive. We are inquisitively + +25:36.720 --> 25:39.000 +curious. I think the technological + +25:39.000 --> 25:41.340 +progress that we are making is quite + +25:41.340 --> 25:44.840 +natural. And somehow we cannot prevent + +25:44.840 --> 25:48.300 +that. And that's how we as a human society + +25:48.300 --> 25:52.400 +evolved. But I'm also not here to deny the + +25:52.400 --> 25:54.480 +negative influence of technology that it + +25:54.480 --> 25:57.280 +has been. And in my own life, I can see + +25:57.280 --> 25:59.200 +that even within a family, Like, you know, + +25:59.200 --> 26:02.520 +the interactions that we have are + +26:02.520 --> 26:04.760 +tremendously influenced, you know, + +26:04.780 --> 26:07.240 +negative influence of technology. But I + +26:07.240 --> 26:09.180 +wouldn't say, you know, the solution is + +26:09.180 --> 26:12.120 +let's go back and do not use technology. + +26:12.420 --> 26:15.080 +Even the crisis that we are going through + +26:15.080 --> 26:18.220 +now because of the pandemic, we are all + +26:18.220 --> 26:23.640 +forced to be socially distant and be at + +26:23.640 --> 26:26.680 +home. and I think you know this is a time + +26:26.680 --> 26:30.880 +for us to reflect and slow down because we + +26:30.880 --> 26:32.880 +all think that you know we have to get so + +26:32.880 --> 26:35.260 +many things done but nothing would happen + +26:35.260 --> 26:39.200 +if we just slow down and relax at home one + +26:39.200 --> 26:41.160 +day and we should go in that direction + +26:41.160 --> 26:43.740 +it's not technology that is bad or good + +26:43.740 --> 26:45.960 +influence but you know it's it's we as + +26:45.960 --> 26:49.880 +humans who needs to think what is good for + +26:49.880 --> 26:52.400 +us and needs to balance them is that. Can + +26:52.400 --> 26:54.320 +you walk me through one action we can take + +26:54.320 --> 26:56.640 +to make a difference today? I think that + +26:56.640 --> 27:00.400 +pollution stems from overuse and waste. + +27:01.080 --> 27:04.620 +So, you know, like air pollution, you + +27:04.620 --> 27:07.640 +know, comes from the use of all the cars + +27:07.640 --> 27:09.580 +on the street, all these transportation, + +27:10.100 --> 27:13.860 +the factories, burning fuel, Water + +27:13.860 --> 27:17.040 +pollution comes from all the waste and + +27:17.040 --> 27:21.760 +trash and the plastics. So we can do a lot + +27:21.760 --> 27:25.500 +to decrease pollution by being more + +27:25.500 --> 27:28.820 +mindful of the waste that we generate. So + +27:28.820 --> 27:33.100 +recycling of things, not just recycling of + +27:33.100 --> 27:36.440 +water bottles and whatnot or containers, + +27:36.540 --> 27:40.000 +but really recycling of everyday products. + +27:40.000 --> 27:43.400 +Think about the iPhones that we keep + +27:43.400 --> 27:47.000 +having to update and upgrade and all the + +27:47.000 --> 27:50.580 +waste that's associated with that. Or just + +27:50.580 --> 27:53.820 +all the shoes and clothes that everyone + +27:53.820 --> 27:57.240 +needs to buy to be trendy. So I think + +27:57.240 --> 28:00.500 +that, you know, just cutting down on all + +28:00.500 --> 28:05.200 +these waste and all these basics can go a + +28:05.200 --> 28:09.860 +long way to cut down pollution. I remember + +28:09.860 --> 28:13.520 +being in Milan, Italy last year, and I saw + +28:13.520 --> 28:16.300 +that they are planting trees on the side + +28:16.300 --> 28:20.000 +of buildings and on the rooftop. So then + +28:20.000 --> 28:22.640 +even if they have to cut trees from the + +28:22.640 --> 28:25.080 +ground to build an apartment building or + +28:25.080 --> 28:29.280 +something else, then they make it up by + +28:29.280 --> 28:31.560 +planting trees on top or everywhere + +28:31.560 --> 28:36.240 +possible. And I think we can try to do + +28:36.240 --> 28:39.440 +that here. We can do more walking and + +28:39.440 --> 28:41.800 +bicycling to the grocery stores, walk to + +28:41.800 --> 28:43.480 +Safeway, things like that. We could do + +28:43.480 --> 28:45.300 +more of that instead of taking these short + +28:45.300 --> 28:47.480 +little trips because we want to make + +28:47.480 --> 28:49.940 +everything happen so quickly. And then we + +28:49.940 --> 28:51.520 +would have more time to look at the trees + +28:51.520 --> 28:52.940 +and the greenery and the cherry blossoms + +28:52.940 --> 28:55.740 +blooming. We need to change what we're + +28:55.740 --> 29:00.060 +doing now. I don't know how. That's what I + +29:00.060 --> 29:04.780 +have to have the scientists tell us. But I + +29:04.780 --> 29:06.540 +know there are things, you know, little + +29:06.540 --> 29:08.680 +things we can do. Like my daughter-in-law + +29:08.680 --> 29:11.380 +suggested that I use cloth napkins instead + +29:11.380 --> 29:15.340 +of paper. So I'm doing that to save on + +29:15.340 --> 29:17.980 +paper. And then I bought these rubber + +29:17.980 --> 29:20.060 +gizmos. I don't even know what you call + +29:20.060 --> 29:22.380 +them. They're leftovers that can be thrown + +29:22.380 --> 29:24.940 +in the dishwasher rather than using + +29:24.940 --> 29:28.360 +plastic wrap and baggies. + +29:30.340 --> 29:33.080 +and we've got to drink more water from the + +29:33.080 --> 29:35.800 +faucet. We just have to be more thoughtful + +29:35.800 --> 29:40.880 +about what we're doing and remember that + +29:40.880 --> 29:43.200 +it's not going to help the environment, so + +29:43.200 --> 29:47.000 +maybe choose something that would help the + +29:47.000 --> 29:50.980 +environment. I do think that each one of + +29:50.980 --> 29:55.080 +us carries a responsibility for what we + +29:55.080 --> 29:58.380 +can do to make a difference. so that's at + +29:58.380 --> 30:00.860 +our personal level but I think it's also + +30:00.860 --> 30:03.920 +very important for us to go up to the + +30:03.920 --> 30:06.020 +level beyond the individual and that would + +30:06.020 --> 30:08.360 +be to your city level and to work with + +30:08.360 --> 30:10.600 +your city city of Palo Alto for instance + +30:10.600 --> 30:14.020 +then beyond the the city I think it's very + +30:14.020 --> 30:15.780 +important to work at the county level the + +30:15.780 --> 30:17.580 +state level federal level and an + +30:17.580 --> 30:19.060 +international level so I think there's + +30:19.060 --> 30:21.400 +steps each place along the way and there + +30:21.400 --> 30:23.760 +has to be coordination especially at the + +30:23.760 --> 30:25.440 +international national level. Because if + +30:25.440 --> 30:29.280 +all countries are not trying to care for + +30:29.280 --> 30:32.660 +the ocean and what's happening there, then + +30:32.660 --> 30:36.680 +we're going to lose hundreds and thousands + +30:36.680 --> 30:39.560 +of species and plants and reefs and + +30:39.560 --> 30:42.640 +whatnot. Dear librarian, what role do you + +30:42.640 --> 30:45.240 +think libraries and reading can and should + +30:45.240 --> 30:47.280 +play in helping people learn about climate + +30:47.280 --> 30:49.320 +change and the environment? Oh, that's a + +30:49.320 --> 30:52.240 +good question. Yes, Yes, libraries really + +30:52.240 --> 30:55.500 +can do a lot for that because that's where + +30:55.500 --> 30:58.300 +you get information. You get help finding + +30:58.300 --> 31:00.940 +information about it. You have things that + +31:00.940 --> 31:03.300 +are presented to you in such a way that it + +31:03.300 --> 31:07.100 +encourages you to read more and do + +31:07.100 --> 31:08.960 +projects that are related to the + +31:08.960 --> 31:11.640 +environment. And all of that is something + +31:11.640 --> 31:13.900 +that librarians really promote. Not + +31:13.900 --> 31:16.180 +everything is available just on the + +31:16.180 --> 31:20.600 +internet without being taught how to + +31:20.600 --> 31:23.440 +decide whether something is factual or + +31:23.440 --> 31:27.220 +not. Librarians work very hard in trying + +31:27.220 --> 31:30.700 +to teach students how to be good consumers + +31:30.700 --> 31:32.920 +of information and how to decide what's + +31:32.920 --> 31:36.300 +fact and what is fiction. Is there + +31:36.300 --> 31:38.200 +anything important that you think kids my + +31:38.200 --> 31:40.080 +age need to know or do to make sure the + +31:40.080 --> 31:42.020 +environment keeps getting better? What + +31:42.020 --> 31:44.060 +advice would you have for me? You should + +31:44.060 --> 31:46.740 +probably look for information, and your + +31:46.740 --> 31:48.940 +librarians might be able to recommend + +31:48.940 --> 31:51.580 +things to you that would have to do with + +31:51.580 --> 31:54.920 +the environment. Reading books that are + +31:54.920 --> 31:58.820 +even fiction that take place in different + +31:58.820 --> 32:00.680 +environmental settings that you become + +32:00.680 --> 32:03.900 +more aware of it. But I think that doing + +32:03.900 --> 32:07.680 +projects where you have to research all + +32:07.680 --> 32:10.040 +different angles of an environmental + +32:10.040 --> 32:12.460 +problem are one of the most valuable you + +32:12.460 --> 32:14.660 +could do. I think everyone needs to be + +32:14.660 --> 32:17.100 +more mindful every day with everything + +32:17.100 --> 32:21.080 +that they do, whether or not the + +32:21.080 --> 32:23.980 +environment can be impacted by their + +32:23.980 --> 32:29.080 +actions and to be educated about what they + +32:29.080 --> 32:35.240 +can do and to constantly get information + +32:35.240 --> 32:37.520 +about what they can do to help the + +32:37.520 --> 32:40.340 +environment. And most important of all, + +32:40.460 --> 32:44.240 +not to be wasteful. I remember when I was + +32:44.240 --> 32:47.140 +a fourth grade teacher, we were, I had a + +32:47.140 --> 32:50.360 +unit on trash and we were weighing our + +32:50.360 --> 32:53.040 +trash. We were competing against another + +32:53.040 --> 32:54.900 +classroom to see who could have the least + +32:54.900 --> 32:56.500 +amount of trash. We had a trash free + +32:56.500 --> 32:58.740 +lunch. These are all things I think we + +32:58.740 --> 33:00.680 +definitely could implement at our school. + +33:00.860 --> 33:05.340 +And I know that when kids are educated, + +33:05.620 --> 33:09.440 +they educate their parents. So I remember, + +33:09.500 --> 33:11.740 +you know, the difference. My own kids + +33:11.740 --> 33:13.000 +would come home after learning something + +33:13.000 --> 33:15.420 +at school. Hey, we learned this in school. + +33:15.480 --> 33:17.440 +Like, oh my gosh, that's, thank you. + +33:17.560 --> 33:20.520 +That's, I think that's a great idea. So I + +33:20.520 --> 33:22.860 +really think that we can impact the change + +33:22.860 --> 33:25.360 +of the adults by starting with our own + +33:25.360 --> 33:27.640 +kids at our school. I would tell them to + +33:27.640 --> 33:30.920 +be thankful. Thankful for the planet we + +33:30.920 --> 33:34.420 +have, which is wonderful. And we cannot + +33:34.420 --> 33:38.100 +waste it anymore. And we are doing a very + +33:38.100 --> 33:42.000 +good job cutting trees, polluting beaches. + +33:42.600 --> 33:45.620 +You cannot change the world by yourself, + +33:45.840 --> 33:47.680 +but you can change, as I told you, your + +33:47.680 --> 33:51.400 +life. If everyone introduced in their + +33:51.400 --> 33:54.720 +lives environmental policies, things would + +33:54.720 --> 33:57.340 +get better. And we are seeing it today. + +33:57.600 --> 34:00.040 +Things have changed in two weeks of + +34:00.040 --> 34:03.420 +seclusion. What I would tell them is to + +34:03.420 --> 34:05.640 +take care of themselves, to take care of + +34:05.640 --> 34:08.300 +their families, to take care of the + +34:08.300 --> 34:11.660 +children, of the old people, being more + +34:11.660 --> 34:15.200 +aware of one another. If we do that, of + +34:15.200 --> 34:18.480 +course, we will also lead a responsible + +34:18.480 --> 34:21.920 +life regarding weather, pollution and + +34:21.920 --> 34:24.400 +everything you tell me. What we really + +34:24.400 --> 34:27.320 +need and desperately are values, values, + +34:27.500 --> 34:30.900 +values, values. I am very sure because I'm + +34:30.900 --> 34:33.540 +very optimistic that this situation that + +34:33.540 --> 34:36.260 +we are going through right now is going to + +34:36.260 --> 34:39.260 +change the way we lead our lives. Well, + +34:39.380 --> 34:41.360 +now I'm going to say something very + +34:41.360 --> 34:45.340 +philosophical. It's up to you guys of your + +34:45.340 --> 34:49.000 +generation. so i think the more people + +34:49.000 --> 34:52.420 +like you of your age get interested and + +34:52.420 --> 34:56.740 +really concerned with how to fix some of + +34:56.740 --> 34:59.200 +the problems the better the planet the + +34:59.200 --> 35:02.040 +better off planet will be and all of us + +35:02.040 --> 35:07.220 +living on it so i think that uh they are + +35:07.220 --> 35:09.900 +enough activists of my generation + +35:09.900 --> 35:13.260 +generation and enough activists of our + +35:13.260 --> 35:17.140 +host generation to work it all together. + +35:17.420 --> 35:19.820 +And yes, I think there is a huge, strong + +35:19.820 --> 35:24.280 +chance, especially after this pandemic + +35:24.280 --> 35:26.820 +that we're living in right now. I'm hoping + +35:26.820 --> 35:30.080 +that it will serve as an amazing lesson to + +35:30.080 --> 35:32.620 +how quickly we can actually stop doing + +35:32.620 --> 35:35.460 +wrong things and bad things, shut down all + +35:35.460 --> 35:38.200 +the factories that are emitting all the + +35:38.200 --> 35:40.960 +terrible gases and the air is cleaning + +35:40.960 --> 35:43.800 +within three weeks the waters are cleaning + +35:43.800 --> 35:46.520 +within two weeks in the rivers if people + +35:46.520 --> 35:50.240 +stop adding pollutants into it so I think + +35:50.240 --> 35:52.580 +the planet is ready to cooperate with us + +35:52.580 --> 35:56.240 +and I think if countries governments + +35:56.240 --> 35:59.160 +people like you like me and like people + +35:59.160 --> 36:02.560 +who are doing this radio program today if + +36:02.560 --> 36:04.620 +we're all get our minds together I think + +36:04.620 --> 36:06.100 +in 50 years we can have have a clean + +36:06.100 --> 36:06.520 +environment. + +36:12.820 --> 36:15.500 +Can I just say, I am so impressed with our + +36:15.500 --> 36:17.460 +student interviewers and the questions + +36:17.460 --> 36:19.920 +that they've come up with. I'm just really + +36:19.920 --> 36:21.960 +glad they're asking about lessons learned + +36:21.960 --> 36:25.300 +and for messages that these adults want to + +36:25.300 --> 36:27.600 +share with their generation. I completely + +36:27.600 --> 36:29.700 +agree. I think talking about these + +36:29.700 --> 36:31.000 +environmental issues can be really + +36:31.000 --> 36:33.140 +disheartening sometimes, times, so I'm so + +36:33.140 --> 36:34.880 +glad to see how forward-thinking both our + +36:34.880 --> 36:37.720 +students and our adults are. I'm also + +36:37.720 --> 36:39.560 +really excited to see them thinking of + +36:39.560 --> 36:41.260 +climate change as an intergenerational + +36:41.260 --> 36:43.380 +issue and finding ways to share knowledge + +36:43.380 --> 36:45.900 +with each other. So I think this is a + +36:45.900 --> 36:48.100 +great point to transition over to hearing + +36:48.100 --> 36:49.920 +from the kids and their perspectives on + +36:49.920 --> 36:52.420 +the environment. But first, I'd like to + +36:52.420 --> 36:53.740 +take a quick moment to share another + +36:53.740 --> 36:57.300 +announcement about the coronavirus. Second + +36:57.300 --> 36:59.420 +Harvest of Silicon has always been + +36:59.420 --> 37:01.200 +committed to the most vulnerable in our + +37:01.200 --> 37:04.220 +community. During the COVID-19 outbreak, + +37:04.420 --> 37:06.960 +with its related economic impacts, your + +37:06.960 --> 37:08.740 +neighbors need your help now more than + +37:08.740 --> 37:11.220 +ever. You can donate food or provide + +37:11.220 --> 37:14.220 +monetary assistance. And if you're in good + +37:14.220 --> 37:16.320 +health and not in a high-risk category, + +37:16.680 --> 37:19.120 +you can also volunteer to pre-box or + +37:19.120 --> 37:22.020 +distribute food to those in need. For more + +37:22.020 --> 37:25.680 +information on how to help, visit shfb + +37:25.680 --> 37:31.960 +.org. That's shfb.org or call 866-234 + +37:31.960 --> 37:33.700 +-3663. + +37:35.480 --> 37:38.080 +Yeah, thanks Lexi. So to start off, we + +37:38.080 --> 37:39.840 +asked the students what they want to be + +37:39.840 --> 37:42.060 +when they're older to get a sense of what + +37:42.060 --> 37:43.960 +they're interested in and what they care + +37:43.960 --> 37:47.200 +about. So now let's meet all the students + +37:47.200 --> 37:53.740 +we'll be talking to today. today um + +37:53.740 --> 37:57.080 +my dream or my the job that i want to be + +37:57.080 --> 38:00.060 +like when i get older is a doctor so i can + +38:00.060 --> 38:03.620 +help people like that is like struggling + +38:03.620 --> 38:06.860 +with whatever stuff so like to save + +38:06.860 --> 38:10.460 +people's life like more than even one + +38:10.460 --> 38:13.280 +because every person is like can do every + +38:13.280 --> 38:15.280 +something that is affected to everything + +38:15.280 --> 38:17.800 +things when I'm older I really want to be + +38:17.800 --> 38:21.620 +a psychologist because I find just the + +38:21.620 --> 38:24.700 +brains of people to be very interesting + +38:24.700 --> 38:28.040 +and it's just so crazy to think that there + +38:28.040 --> 38:30.860 +are scientific things going on in people's + +38:30.860 --> 38:32.940 +heads when they do things and say things + +38:32.940 --> 38:36.120 +and I want to help others without having + +38:36.120 --> 38:37.760 +to look at blood because I can't be a + +38:37.760 --> 38:41.180 +doctor architecture because I really like + +38:41.180 --> 38:45.040 +um the The way how all of that process + +38:45.040 --> 38:48.200 +involved in making these amazing buildings + +38:49.300 --> 38:52.820 +or these amazing houses or bridges. I + +38:52.820 --> 38:55.560 +think the process is really cool. I want + +38:55.560 --> 38:59.320 +to be a lawyer. This is funny, but arguing + +38:59.320 --> 39:01.220 +has always been one of my specialties. + +39:02.160 --> 39:05.260 +Actually, a lot of people say that. And I + +39:05.260 --> 39:08.600 +always found law very interesting. Either + +39:08.600 --> 39:11.940 +a doctor to help save lives. And + +39:11.940 --> 39:14.060 +especially the doctors now who are helping + +39:14.060 --> 39:16.120 +with the coronavirus. Those people really + +39:16.120 --> 39:18.740 +inspire me. But I would also want to be a + +39:18.740 --> 39:22.480 +computer engineer. Like most people, I'm + +39:22.480 --> 39:24.880 +not sure yet. But I know that I definitely + +39:24.880 --> 39:26.820 +want to keep dance in my life because + +39:26.820 --> 39:28.820 +that's a big part of my life. And I also + +39:28.820 --> 39:30.740 +want to do something either like related + +39:30.740 --> 39:32.840 +to the environment or like helping people. + +39:33.000 --> 39:35.580 +So I might become an environmentalist or + +39:35.580 --> 39:38.020 +like a scientist or something. And I also + +39:38.020 --> 39:40.740 +really enjoy math. so there's a lot of + +39:40.740 --> 39:41.900 +options but I definitely want to do + +39:41.900 --> 39:44.100 +something that helps people and our + +39:44.100 --> 39:47.160 +environment I honestly want in the + +39:47.160 --> 39:49.260 +beginning I always wanted to be a movie + +39:49.260 --> 39:51.780 +director but these days I actually want to + +39:51.780 --> 39:54.540 +be either a um someone working in the + +39:54.540 --> 39:56.740 +broadcast team because I actually feel + +39:56.740 --> 39:58.180 +like I'm really good at recording things + +39:58.180 --> 40:00.920 +or I want to be game designer because + +40:00.920 --> 40:04.620 +usually I have um some interesting ideas I + +40:04.620 --> 40:06.700 +don't know kind of an undecided but I + +40:06.700 --> 40:07.920 +would like to do something creative + +40:07.920 --> 40:10.380 +because like I really like to like sing + +40:10.380 --> 40:13.180 +and draw that kind of stuff even though + +40:13.180 --> 40:16.940 +it's kind of risky but I don't know. I + +40:16.940 --> 40:19.740 +want to be an architect because I want to + +40:19.740 --> 40:22.420 +I know that a lot of people need homes and + +40:22.420 --> 40:24.780 +I want to make sure everyone can find + +40:24.780 --> 40:27.680 +affordable affordable housing. I really + +40:27.680 --> 40:30.940 +enjoy working with animals so like I go + +40:30.940 --> 40:33.660 +out on the farm and all that like with + +40:33.660 --> 40:36.760 +horses especially and maybe like designer + +40:36.760 --> 40:40.700 +for animals like like not like clothes but + +40:40.700 --> 40:43.340 +like for horses for example like saddles + +40:43.340 --> 40:46.760 +and stuff like that I kind of like coding + +40:46.760 --> 40:49.880 +so potentially something related to coding + +40:49.880 --> 40:52.740 +or software development the way you can + +40:52.740 --> 40:55.080 +express what you want to do and make + +40:55.080 --> 40:59.660 +something that is your own? A job where I + +40:59.660 --> 41:02.980 +have power to make like decisions and + +41:02.980 --> 41:07.800 +impact because well I've grown up like in + +41:07.800 --> 41:10.100 +a place where like my parents were making + +41:10.100 --> 41:12.920 +decisions that impacted people and I think + +41:12.920 --> 41:14.760 +that I could really use that for the good. + +41:15.020 --> 41:17.160 +I definitely want to be something that + +41:17.160 --> 41:20.220 +like positively impacts people in the + +41:20.220 --> 41:23.740 +environment such as like a doctor or like + +41:23.740 --> 41:25.580 +a a scientist that studies the + +41:25.580 --> 41:26.060 +environment. + +41:31.740 --> 41:34.040 +These are some really cool kids who + +41:34.040 --> 41:35.860 +certainly aspire to make the world a + +41:35.860 --> 41:37.560 +better place in any way that they can. + +41:37.860 --> 41:39.580 +Yeah, they're such an awesome mix of + +41:39.580 --> 41:41.900 +interests, and they're all clearly very + +41:41.900 --> 41:44.640 +thoughtful and compassionate. I also think + +41:44.640 --> 41:46.760 +it's important for our listeners to know + +41:46.760 --> 41:49.400 +that these kids were not selected because + +41:49.400 --> 41:51.240 +they had extensive backgrounds in + +41:51.240 --> 41:53.660 +environmental science, but because they + +41:53.660 --> 41:55.640 +have a wide variety of interests ranging + +41:55.640 --> 41:58.900 +from sustainability to public speaking to + +41:58.900 --> 42:02.200 +audio production and journalism. That's + +42:02.200 --> 42:04.200 +right. Although we do have students who + +42:04.200 --> 42:05.360 +are involved in their school's + +42:05.360 --> 42:08.100 +environmentally focused club, we also have + +42:08.100 --> 42:09.640 +students from their broadcasting program + +42:09.640 --> 42:12.400 +and student leadership as well. They'll + +42:12.400 --> 42:13.620 +definitely bring some really cool + +42:13.620 --> 42:15.820 +perspectives to this conversation. So + +42:15.820 --> 42:17.060 +let's go ahead and dive into these + +42:17.060 --> 42:18.560 +interviews and hear what they have to say. + +42:23.900 --> 42:26.060 +Thank you all so much for agreeing to + +42:26.060 --> 42:27.800 +speak with us. And we're so excited to + +42:27.800 --> 42:29.480 +hear what you have to say about today's + +42:29.480 --> 42:31.540 +environmental issues and your visions for + +42:31.540 --> 42:34.000 +the future. But to start off, just so + +42:34.000 --> 42:36.180 +we're all on the same page, how would you + +42:36.180 --> 42:38.480 +define the environment? In other words, + +42:38.480 --> 42:40.460 +what does the environment mean to you? + +42:41.360 --> 42:43.940 +When I think about environment, I see like + +42:43.940 --> 42:48.160 +green and I see like trees and bushes and + +42:48.160 --> 42:51.400 +flowers. flowers, and I see it as like a + +42:51.400 --> 42:55.000 +pretty thing, I guess. I just think about + +42:55.000 --> 42:56.360 +like the earth when I think about + +42:56.360 --> 42:59.180 +environment and like saving it and helping + +42:59.180 --> 43:01.720 +it grow so the next generations can + +43:01.720 --> 43:05.460 +experience the earth we see. When I hear + +43:05.460 --> 43:07.840 +environment, I think a lot about nature. + +43:07.920 --> 43:10.840 +So I think about like trees and grass and + +43:10.840 --> 43:13.340 +so in the environment, some words that + +43:13.340 --> 43:16.620 +come to mind are rain, sun, but also Also + +43:16.620 --> 43:19.340 +things like climate change and drought. + +43:19.820 --> 43:22.580 +And so when I think of the environment, I + +43:22.580 --> 43:24.000 +just think of a lot of people trying to + +43:24.000 --> 43:27.060 +get together to improve something. And I + +43:27.060 --> 43:28.360 +know that there's a lot of ways to help + +43:28.360 --> 43:30.600 +the environment. And there's a lot of + +43:30.600 --> 43:31.920 +things that we're doing that have also + +43:31.920 --> 43:34.000 +impacted the environment negatively. It's + +43:34.000 --> 43:35.780 +something that we're all trying to make a + +43:35.780 --> 43:38.080 +better place. And I hope that we can do + +43:38.080 --> 43:42.140 +that. A huge place that people need to + +43:42.140 --> 43:45.200 +stay. Maybe it's kind of weird, But like + +43:45.200 --> 43:48.120 +we need the environment to like stay alive + +43:48.120 --> 43:50.420 +or like stay healthy. And like if we kind + +43:50.420 --> 43:52.520 +of destroy this, it just like make + +43:52.520 --> 43:55.020 +everything like crash into like multiple + +43:55.020 --> 43:58.080 +pieces and like make everything bad. So + +43:58.080 --> 44:02.980 +it's my home. It's where I live. So to see + +44:02.980 --> 44:04.980 +it kind of like crumble with all this + +44:04.980 --> 44:07.380 +pollution and all this plastic being + +44:07.380 --> 44:12.100 +littered, it really is sad. And what do + +44:12.100 --> 44:13.900 +you think of when you hear the term + +44:13.900 --> 44:17.340 +climate change? Climate change is like + +44:17.340 --> 44:20.140 +mainly human impact and what humans are + +44:20.140 --> 44:23.440 +doing to the environment, such as like + +44:23.440 --> 44:26.360 +burning fossil fuels. I mean, when I'm + +44:26.360 --> 44:29.080 +hearing climate change, I'm literally + +44:29.080 --> 44:31.240 +imagining a sun with like little + +44:31.240 --> 44:33.420 +sunglasses looking at the earth and + +44:33.420 --> 44:34.760 +getting closer and closer together. + +44:34.760 --> 44:37.240 +together then I think about icebergs and + +44:37.240 --> 44:38.960 +how they're melting and then the polar + +44:38.960 --> 44:41.160 +bears who are in those barren lands that + +44:41.160 --> 44:42.760 +don't have a lot of ice because all the + +44:42.760 --> 44:45.260 +icebergs are melting and then I start + +44:45.260 --> 44:47.420 +thinking of like greenhouses because of + +44:47.420 --> 44:50.100 +greenhouse gases and then I start thinking + +44:50.100 --> 44:51.880 +of cows because they produce the most + +44:51.880 --> 44:54.460 +greenhouse gases because methane and then + +44:54.460 --> 44:57.060 +I think of cars because pollution and + +44:57.060 --> 44:59.200 +there's all these things I start thinking + +44:59.200 --> 45:02.480 +of and then it just leads down to nothing. + +45:03.600 --> 45:08.040 +That's dark, but that's reality. It kind + +45:08.040 --> 45:10.440 +of makes me scared because like, if this + +45:10.440 --> 45:13.580 +problem just like, goes like further and + +45:13.580 --> 45:16.720 +further, I feel like I can't live in this + +45:16.720 --> 45:18.460 +environment right now. So I'm kind of + +45:18.460 --> 45:21.360 +scared right now. So and everyone's like + +45:21.360 --> 45:23.340 +talking, I'm going to unworry about it. So + +45:23.340 --> 45:25.920 +I'm like, kind of worried and scared every + +45:25.920 --> 45:28.640 +time I heard that word. Can you think of + +45:28.640 --> 45:30.800 +and describe to me a specific time when + +45:30.800 --> 45:32.500 +something that seemed related to climate + +45:32.500 --> 45:35.280 +change impacted your life? So in + +45:35.280 --> 45:40.640 +California recently, there have been some + +45:40.640 --> 45:43.680 +fires and pretty big ones, like really big + +45:43.680 --> 45:47.760 +wildfires. And that's due to how the + +45:47.760 --> 45:52.840 +increase of heat in our atmosphere. And it + +45:52.840 --> 45:55.120 +makes, if you have like dried out grass, + +45:55.340 --> 45:57.100 +it can maybe like start fires and it can + +45:57.100 --> 46:00.060 +destroy so much and contaminate people's + +46:00.060 --> 46:03.320 +homes. and it's really sad because it's + +46:03.320 --> 46:07.880 +really destructive. That was a really big + +46:07.880 --> 46:10.120 +moment to a lot of people. Something that + +46:10.120 --> 46:12.580 +really impacted me, one where there were + +46:12.580 --> 46:15.240 +the fires in North California because I + +46:15.240 --> 46:18.100 +remember at school, we would always smell + +46:18.100 --> 46:21.680 +smoke everywhere and then we had to have + +46:21.680 --> 46:25.320 +the power shut off and also something that + +46:25.320 --> 46:28.840 +didn't necessarily impact me, but I've + +46:28.840 --> 46:31.880 +heard a lot about the fires in Australia. + +46:32.680 --> 46:35.620 +And then so like, I really feel for like + +46:35.620 --> 46:38.360 +the people and the animals that had to go + +46:38.360 --> 46:40.840 +through that. Only when I got to Korea + +46:40.840 --> 46:43.020 +that far I feel like it affects me. Like I + +46:43.020 --> 46:44.940 +said, there's so much yellow dust going + +46:44.940 --> 46:48.540 +around. This is something about factories + +46:48.540 --> 46:52.280 +producing too much smoke and dust are + +46:52.280 --> 46:55.520 +blowing into Korea. Yeah, so we have to + +46:55.520 --> 46:58.280 +suffer because some factories are putting + +46:58.280 --> 47:03.000 +their smoke into our country. I think I + +47:03.000 --> 47:06.240 +hear a lot about what's kind of going on + +47:06.240 --> 47:08.720 +in the environmental field and + +47:08.720 --> 47:11.320 +specifically in the realm of climate + +47:11.320 --> 47:14.920 +change. And I've heard people become less + +47:14.920 --> 47:20.480 +and less optimistic over time. Just in + +47:20.480 --> 47:21.240 +general, yeah. + +47:27.420 --> 47:29.720 +For those of you that are just joining us, + +47:29.840 --> 47:32.140 +you are listening to the Happy Birthday + +47:32.140 --> 47:35.680 +Earth Day 50th Anniversary Special on KCSU + +47:35.680 --> 47:40.960 +Stanford 90.1. We just heard from 13 + +47:40.960 --> 47:42.780 +middle school students about the ways in + +47:42.780 --> 47:44.520 +which climate change has influenced their + +47:44.520 --> 47:46.460 +lives. But what I found particularly + +47:46.460 --> 47:48.640 +striking about this conversation was how + +47:48.640 --> 47:50.540 +much the students were aware of not only + +47:50.540 --> 47:52.900 +climate change's impact on themselves, but + +47:52.900 --> 47:55.820 +also on their community at large. Yeah, I + +47:55.820 --> 47:58.020 +agree. They're picking up on so many + +47:58.020 --> 48:00.880 +nuanced and complex issues. It feels like + +48:00.880 --> 48:03.000 +adults sometimes underestimate young + +48:03.000 --> 48:05.240 +people and their ability to see the bigger + +48:05.240 --> 48:08.320 +picture. But hearing about how they see + +48:08.320 --> 48:10.620 +climate change has really shown me how + +48:10.620 --> 48:13.400 +incredibly perceptive and capable they + +48:13.400 --> 48:17.960 +really are. That's right, and I think it's + +48:17.960 --> 48:20.100 +super important to recognize because they + +48:20.100 --> 48:21.760 +will be shaping the future of our planet. + +48:22.220 --> 48:23.680 +Let's hear a little more from them about + +48:23.680 --> 48:25.160 +what they expect the world will look like + +48:25.160 --> 48:27.060 +at the 100th anniversary of Earth Day. + +48:32.700 --> 48:35.280 +As you know, this year is the 50th + +48:35.280 --> 48:37.200 +anniversary of Earth Day, and the + +48:37.200 --> 48:39.200 +environment has changed in a number of + +48:39.200 --> 48:42.320 +ways since that very first one. So let's + +48:42.320 --> 48:45.300 +imagine 50 years from now. Really take a + +48:45.300 --> 48:47.660 +minute to imagine that. You'll be just + +48:47.660 --> 48:50.520 +over 60 years old. You may have a partner, + +48:50.700 --> 48:53.900 +children of your own. You might be doctors + +48:53.900 --> 48:57.520 +and architects, environmentalists. Think + +48:57.520 --> 48:59.320 +about what the world might look like then. + +48:59.960 --> 49:02.180 +What can you imagine the environment will + +49:02.180 --> 49:04.080 +be like? What do you think will have + +49:04.080 --> 49:06.300 +changed and what will have stayed the + +49:06.300 --> 49:10.780 +same? our impact on the earth could go two + +49:10.780 --> 49:14.320 +ways one is that like if we continue this + +49:14.320 --> 49:16.900 +path that we're going in the earth will + +49:16.900 --> 49:21.700 +definitely like not thrive but however um + +49:21.700 --> 49:24.720 +if we make a bunch of little changes and + +49:24.720 --> 49:27.700 +we like change our lifestyle and how we + +49:27.700 --> 49:32.900 +live then the earth will definitely like + +49:32.900 --> 49:36.520 +like stay the same or even like go back to + +49:36.520 --> 49:40.100 +how like it was like years prior but like + +49:40.100 --> 49:43.260 +as I said before if like we continue this + +49:43.260 --> 49:45.980 +path that we're going through now like + +49:45.980 --> 49:48.460 +we're like burning so many fossil fuels + +49:48.460 --> 49:51.720 +and like driving everywhere and like um + +49:51.720 --> 49:55.860 +and like wasting so much food and and + +49:55.860 --> 49:58.540 +things and that will definitely drive the + +49:58.540 --> 50:03.060 +earth to like not um be how it is now and + +50:03.060 --> 50:06.420 +how it was before although i would like + +50:06.420 --> 50:09.420 +everyone to like make a change it doesn't + +50:09.420 --> 50:12.340 +seem like it's happening right now the + +50:12.340 --> 50:14.240 +thing that most looks most likely + +50:14.240 --> 50:17.660 +currently is that um it will continue + +50:17.660 --> 50:21.580 +moving in this path and the earth won't + +50:21.580 --> 50:21.980 +survive + +50:24.980 --> 50:29.460 +I feel like the grass isn't going to be as + +50:29.460 --> 50:32.660 +green technology is going to like take + +50:32.660 --> 50:36.140 +over I feel like now people are starting + +50:36.140 --> 50:38.060 +to figure out like more about the + +50:38.060 --> 50:39.480 +environment they're trying to help it more + +50:39.480 --> 50:42.860 +so I think that with more buildings and + +50:42.860 --> 50:45.220 +everything happening I think that people + +50:45.220 --> 50:47.700 +more people will start to like help out so + +50:47.700 --> 50:50.700 +we can have a good balance of both things + +50:50.700 --> 50:53.640 +and I think that if more and more people + +50:53.640 --> 50:55.480 +come together and try to help the + +50:55.480 --> 50:57.480 +environment we can make a big difference + +50:57.480 --> 50:59.880 +and in 50 years we can have helped the + +50:59.880 --> 51:02.400 +environment while still developing our + +51:02.400 --> 51:06.020 +economy but not like ruining the + +51:06.020 --> 51:07.680 +environment in a way. It would probably + +51:07.680 --> 51:10.140 +get worse before it gets better so + +51:10.140 --> 51:12.040 +probably there There would be higher sea + +51:12.040 --> 51:14.160 +levels. There would have been more fires, + +51:14.160 --> 51:16.160 +more deforestation, but then it will have + +51:16.160 --> 51:18.640 +started. Hopefully it will be better by + +51:18.640 --> 51:21.420 +then. There will be less plastic in the + +51:21.420 --> 51:24.060 +ocean. The temperatures will start going + +51:24.060 --> 51:26.860 +down. We'll stop burning so much fossil + +51:26.860 --> 51:31.500 +fuels. Probably once it starts actually + +51:31.500 --> 51:34.460 +affecting the people who have power to + +51:34.460 --> 51:38.120 +make the changes that will stop it getting + +51:38.120 --> 51:39.960 +worse, Once it actually starts affecting + +51:39.960 --> 51:43.820 +those people, then it will likely start + +51:43.820 --> 51:45.640 +getting better. Once it starts affecting + +51:45.640 --> 51:47.100 +the people who have power. + +51:53.780 --> 51:55.900 +It sounds to me like they are really aware + +51:55.900 --> 51:57.880 +of how decisions made right now will + +51:57.880 --> 51:59.300 +dramatically influence what the world + +51:59.300 --> 52:01.600 +looks like in the future. That we are at a + +52:01.600 --> 52:03.320 +turning point and that we need to have a + +52:03.320 --> 52:06.480 +plan of action. Definitely. So let's hear + +52:06.480 --> 52:08.320 +more about what they see as the biggest + +52:08.320 --> 52:11.640 +environmental threats and about how we can + +52:11.640 --> 52:12.320 +overcome them. + +52:17.700 --> 52:19.700 +Can you describe what you think is the + +52:19.700 --> 52:21.560 +most important environmental issue facing + +52:21.560 --> 52:23.820 +our society today, in your opinion, and + +52:23.820 --> 52:27.400 +why it's important? I find that global + +52:27.400 --> 52:30.360 +warming is a main problem, problem mainly + +52:30.360 --> 52:33.300 +because um the glaciers are melting um + +52:33.300 --> 52:36.300 +well if the glaciers melt um we'll + +52:36.300 --> 52:38.860 +probably all flooded like i said anything + +52:38.860 --> 52:41.860 +that um any diseases or anything really + +52:41.860 --> 52:44.680 +terrifying um is in the glacier might come + +52:44.680 --> 52:46.820 +out who knows what's in those glaciers we + +52:46.820 --> 52:49.100 +haven't explored them yet so if they do + +52:49.100 --> 52:51.980 +melt then um you'll make your jobs of + +52:51.980 --> 52:54.300 +finding what's in there easier in a bad + +52:54.300 --> 52:59.940 +way um i think that it's uh air pollution + +52:59.940 --> 53:04.060 +because like it's something that impacts + +53:04.060 --> 53:06.060 +every single one of us that are on this + +53:06.060 --> 53:08.940 +earth right now and it's been impacting us + +53:08.940 --> 53:11.300 +but i think it would grow and it wouldn't + +53:11.300 --> 53:13.500 +just impact some people it'd impact the + +53:13.500 --> 53:18.100 +world as a whole um i think like plastic + +53:18.100 --> 53:20.140 +and trash issues that are like one of the + +53:20.140 --> 53:23.220 +most hardest problems to fix or like + +53:23.220 --> 53:24.780 +problems that we're facing that is + +53:24.780 --> 53:29.220 +difficult because like recycling and like + +53:29.220 --> 53:30.840 +plastic and other stuff we can do + +53:30.840 --> 53:32.820 +something with it but people are not like + +53:32.820 --> 53:35.540 +maybe they're like trying but we're not + +53:35.540 --> 53:38.540 +we're not doing that well like a good job + +53:38.540 --> 53:41.060 +right now so I read an article about trash + +53:41.060 --> 53:43.720 +and there's like huge like mountains of + +53:43.720 --> 53:46.640 +trash and like near the ocean or the bay + +53:46.640 --> 53:49.020 +or something and like that's affecting our + +53:49.020 --> 53:51.560 +environment a lot and I got like really + +53:51.560 --> 53:53.520 +scared because like I didn't know about + +53:53.520 --> 53:56.120 +trash because I'm throwing in the trash + +53:56.120 --> 53:59.440 +and like if I see other people are doing + +53:59.440 --> 54:02.880 +like this I feel like oh maybe I need to + +54:02.880 --> 54:05.940 +do a better job or do something for to + +54:05.940 --> 54:09.600 +make them rethink about what how the trash + +54:09.600 --> 54:11.820 +and plastics are destroying the + +54:11.820 --> 54:16.000 +environment the amount of plastic that are + +54:16.000 --> 54:18.900 +is like in the world right now because + +54:18.900 --> 54:24.120 +plastic just well in order to make plastic + +54:24.120 --> 54:27.000 +you also like have to reduce a lot of + +54:27.000 --> 54:29.720 +chemicals into the atmosphere which + +54:29.720 --> 54:32.060 +worsens it and plastic can't be like + +54:32.060 --> 54:35.800 +broken down for a very long time and like + +54:35.800 --> 54:38.500 +it's going to take a lot of years so it + +54:38.500 --> 54:40.700 +just lays there in the ocean and + +54:40.700 --> 54:46.300 +eventually the ocean will just like be + +54:46.300 --> 54:48.320 +filled with a lot of plastic. It already + +54:48.320 --> 54:51.880 +is, but if it continues to be like this, + +54:51.940 --> 54:54.400 +it's going to like be made of plastic + +54:54.400 --> 54:57.940 +almost-ish. So really plastic is the main + +54:57.940 --> 55:01.260 +thing I'm focusing on because it comes in + +55:01.260 --> 55:04.340 +a lot of packages and so many people don't + +55:04.340 --> 55:06.680 +just like throw it on the floor, throw it + +55:06.680 --> 55:09.160 +at the beach. A lot of beaches you just + +55:09.160 --> 55:10.980 +see a little plastic, but at this beach I + +55:10.980 --> 55:13.520 +went to, it was just so much plastic. + +55:14.000 --> 55:16.960 +Actually walking on plastic, like that was + +55:16.960 --> 55:21.880 +a whole different story. Trash. Filling up + +55:21.880 --> 55:24.580 +our earth with landfills when, you know, + +55:24.640 --> 55:27.440 +space is finite. We're eventually going to + +55:27.440 --> 55:30.580 +run out. So I always just wonder what I'm + +55:30.580 --> 55:33.680 +going to do then, you know. Live on the + +55:33.680 --> 55:37.660 +same planet, right? We're killing it. You + +55:37.660 --> 55:39.900 +know, again, trash is bad for the + +55:39.900 --> 55:42.780 +environment. We have to destroy forests to + +55:42.780 --> 55:45.380 +make way for landfills. And obviously, + +55:45.520 --> 55:47.120 +another problem is with the more forests + +55:47.120 --> 55:48.480 +you destroy, the less oxygen we're + +55:48.480 --> 55:50.280 +getting. Because, you know, plants and + +55:50.280 --> 55:53.580 +trees transfer CO2 to oxygen. And, you + +55:53.580 --> 55:57.460 +know, we breathe oxygen. Now, walk me + +55:57.460 --> 55:59.840 +through an action that we can take to + +55:59.840 --> 56:02.740 +address some of those issues. choose um + +56:02.740 --> 56:05.380 +this may be like really simple and like + +56:05.380 --> 56:08.220 +people are taught to but like just like + +56:08.220 --> 56:12.960 +split or try not to use trash because if + +56:12.960 --> 56:15.220 +we use like recyclable water bottle or + +56:15.220 --> 56:17.920 +like container or stuff that like amount + +56:17.920 --> 56:20.620 +of plastic can be reduced like a lot well + +56:20.620 --> 56:24.760 +you can for sure reuse stuff that are + +56:24.760 --> 56:28.340 +plastic or even not. I've always, I like + +56:28.340 --> 56:30.900 +use public transportation a lot. And I + +56:30.900 --> 56:33.980 +think that like, like that's just a really + +56:33.980 --> 56:36.860 +easy way that we can help out use public + +56:36.860 --> 56:39.080 +transportation because not only is it + +56:39.080 --> 56:40.380 +going to help the environment, but like + +56:40.380 --> 56:42.560 +we've become so disconnected in this + +56:42.560 --> 56:43.920 +world. I feel like it could bring us + +56:43.920 --> 56:46.300 +together more. And also like the + +56:46.300 --> 56:48.860 +experiences that happen when you're with + +56:48.860 --> 56:51.780 +other people really shapes who you are. I + +56:51.780 --> 56:54.980 +feel like if we all planted more trees in + +56:54.980 --> 56:57.120 +our neighborhoods or in local parks, that + +56:57.120 --> 57:00.440 +would be really helpful. And if there's + +57:00.440 --> 57:02.940 +like any bills that could be passed, I'm + +57:02.940 --> 57:04.500 +sure there are a lot of proposed bills. + +57:04.500 --> 57:07.980 +and then honestly just reducing shower + +57:07.980 --> 57:12.240 +times and like just trying to use solar + +57:12.240 --> 57:15.100 +panels or like wind-powered things to just + +57:15.100 --> 57:18.100 +use less of like the electrical like fuels + +57:18.100 --> 57:20.300 +I feel like that would definitely be + +57:20.300 --> 57:23.740 +useful more hybrid cars and electric cars + +57:23.740 --> 57:27.340 +you just need to just like make people + +57:27.340 --> 57:30.900 +feel like it's important to save the + +57:30.900 --> 57:32.720 +environment I mean people love a good + +57:32.720 --> 57:34.460 +bargain so anything that That would help + +57:34.460 --> 57:36.220 +them save money, whether that's lowered + +57:36.220 --> 57:37.920 +tax rates because they have an electric + +57:37.920 --> 57:41.840 +car or if they get some sort of like tax + +57:41.840 --> 57:45.180 +refund because they planted a tree. I + +57:45.180 --> 57:48.100 +think that everyone can just take a bunch + +57:48.100 --> 57:52.480 +of like small steps towards the issue. For + +57:52.480 --> 57:55.300 +example, choosing to walk or bike or like + +57:55.300 --> 57:59.200 +scooter rather than driving somewhere and + +57:59.200 --> 58:01.820 +just being mindful of like everything that + +58:01.820 --> 58:05.900 +you do before you do it. So I know there's + +58:05.900 --> 58:07.660 +a lot to be worried about, and you may be + +58:07.660 --> 58:09.460 +feeling that especially right now with the + +58:09.460 --> 58:12.020 +coronavirus pandemic. But one thing that + +58:12.020 --> 58:13.920 +we're really interested in as people who + +58:13.920 --> 58:15.740 +work on environmental issues is what makes + +58:15.740 --> 58:18.040 +people hopeful, what makes people believe + +58:18.040 --> 58:19.480 +that there will be a better future ahead. + +58:19.900 --> 58:22.260 +So to that end, what makes you hopeful for + +58:22.260 --> 58:23.860 +the future of the environment and why? + +58:25.800 --> 58:30.440 +Honestly, because if you don't hope, then + +58:30.440 --> 58:34.780 +what is there to be? I mean, if you're not + +58:34.780 --> 58:35.920 +hoping that things are going to get + +58:35.920 --> 58:37.160 +better, things just aren't going to get + +58:37.160 --> 58:38.540 +better because you're not actively doing + +58:38.540 --> 58:41.160 +something against it. Even if it is just + +58:41.160 --> 58:43.240 +recycling, you're obviously hoping that + +58:43.240 --> 58:46.480 +you're going to make a difference. The + +58:46.480 --> 58:49.780 +little things that everyone does. The + +58:49.780 --> 58:53.280 +plants growing, even though we've had + +58:53.280 --> 58:57.360 +challenges and destruction in our earth, + +58:57.500 --> 59:01.120 +makes me hopeful. that they'll continue to + +59:01.120 --> 59:06.280 +keep growing for the next generations. How + +59:06.280 --> 59:09.140 +awareness has spread, as well as the + +59:09.140 --> 59:12.320 +younger generation has really seen the + +59:12.320 --> 59:16.460 +evolution of how the problem has been + +59:16.460 --> 59:19.160 +impacting us. So I think that we'd be more + +59:19.160 --> 59:21.720 +inspired and more driven to solve this + +59:21.720 --> 59:23.700 +problem. And I think that's what is really + +59:23.700 --> 59:27.980 +giving hope to me. electric cars in recent + +59:27.980 --> 59:31.520 +years have sort of boomed there's they + +59:31.520 --> 59:33.580 +went from being maybe like five or ten + +59:33.580 --> 59:36.700 +years ago like a handful that had a very + +59:36.700 --> 59:39.220 +short range and weren't very popular and + +59:39.220 --> 59:42.300 +now tons of brands are coming out with + +59:42.300 --> 59:45.420 +their electric cars and electric cars i'm + +59:45.420 --> 59:47.260 +seeing more and more of them on the street + +59:47.260 --> 59:51.320 +i mean i think people like elon musk who + +59:51.320 --> 59:55.200 +are working towards having a better or + +59:55.200 --> 59:58.820 +future for the earth. So he made Teslas, + +59:58.820 --> 01:00:01.880 +like electric cars, not sponsored. That + +01:00:01.880 --> 01:00:04.420 +makes me really hopeful because I'm sure + +01:00:04.420 --> 01:00:06.060 +there are all these people in colleges + +01:00:06.060 --> 01:00:07.840 +right now who are trying to be the next + +01:00:07.840 --> 01:00:10.760 +Elon Musk. I know that there will just be + +01:00:10.760 --> 01:00:12.320 +more and more of those people, which means + +01:00:12.320 --> 01:00:14.700 +more and more solutions to these giant + +01:00:14.700 --> 01:00:16.920 +problems. That people are like releasing + +01:00:16.920 --> 01:00:20.860 +these animals that have been injured by + +01:00:20.860 --> 01:00:24.980 +plastic or oil. it makes me feel good that + +01:00:24.980 --> 01:00:27.720 +people here still have a heart so it gives + +01:00:27.720 --> 01:00:30.580 +me a little hope that maybe we can still + +01:00:30.580 --> 01:00:34.680 +do it well right now schools are really + +01:00:34.680 --> 01:00:36.980 +like teaching more about the problems and + +01:00:36.980 --> 01:00:39.220 +that's better so the students will + +01:00:39.220 --> 01:00:41.660 +probably like understand at least most of + +01:00:41.660 --> 01:00:44.400 +them and they'll probably do something at + +01:00:44.400 --> 01:00:47.720 +least to help the environment when there + +01:00:47.720 --> 01:00:50.180 +used to be school well until all this + +01:00:50.180 --> 01:00:53.600 +pandemic oh I would always bike around the + +01:00:53.600 --> 01:00:56.620 +same time to school and near Goodwill I + +01:00:56.620 --> 01:01:01.500 +would always see an like a lady more on + +01:01:01.500 --> 01:01:06.760 +the old side and every single morning she + +01:01:06.760 --> 01:01:08.980 +would wake up early and go and collect + +01:01:08.980 --> 01:01:12.080 +trash around Goodwill like whenever I saw + +01:01:12.080 --> 01:01:13.500 +her I would always say good good morning + +01:01:13.500 --> 01:01:16.100 +and I was like I was so happy like when I + +01:01:16.100 --> 01:01:18.880 +saw her because every single day she went + +01:01:18.880 --> 01:01:21.520 +out it was hard sometimes it was raining + +01:01:21.520 --> 01:01:23.960 +but she always collected at least a bag of + +01:01:23.960 --> 01:01:26.780 +trash in the morning if I at least like + +01:01:26.780 --> 01:01:29.980 +see someone trying to help an environment + +01:01:29.980 --> 01:01:32.880 +it does like really make me like huge hope + +01:01:32.880 --> 01:01:35.700 +that like oh there's at least some person + +01:01:35.700 --> 01:01:38.200 +like one person that's helping the + +01:01:38.200 --> 01:01:40.360 +environment if there's like more people + +01:01:40.360 --> 01:01:43.000 +just like try to help the environment. I + +01:01:43.000 --> 01:01:45.300 +think lots of people really think strongly + +01:01:45.300 --> 01:01:47.960 +about this and if they all just keep + +01:01:47.960 --> 01:01:51.720 +persisting maybe many others will also + +01:01:52.980 --> 01:01:56.960 +contribute to these ideas and thoughts. I + +01:01:56.960 --> 01:02:00.100 +see a lot of people coming together to do + +01:02:00.100 --> 01:02:01.680 +the right thing that makes me hopeful + +01:02:01.680 --> 01:02:04.760 +because it shows that people like do care + +01:02:04.760 --> 01:02:06.580 +about our environment and they They want + +01:02:06.580 --> 01:02:08.880 +us to live in the best place that we can, + +01:02:09.020 --> 01:02:11.460 +and they're doing their part. And I think + +01:02:11.460 --> 01:02:13.680 +that also when you see people doing their + +01:02:13.680 --> 01:02:15.340 +part, it makes you want to do your part. + +01:02:15.600 --> 01:02:17.780 +And then it just like builds this + +01:02:17.780 --> 01:02:20.400 +community of people doing the best that + +01:02:20.400 --> 01:02:22.180 +they can to preserve everything they can. + +01:02:22.360 --> 01:02:24.320 +I know this happens to me all the time, + +01:02:24.340 --> 01:02:26.220 +and it's kind of off topic. My grandma + +01:02:26.220 --> 01:02:28.980 +loves to keep the sink on, like on dirty + +01:02:28.980 --> 01:02:31.000 +dishes, and I always tell her to stop. And + +01:02:31.000 --> 01:02:33.060 +even like little things like that are + +01:02:33.060 --> 01:02:34.640 +helping the environment because it's not + +01:02:34.640 --> 01:02:38.440 +wasting water. and when I do it it gives + +01:02:38.440 --> 01:02:40.920 +me hope because I'm showing that I care + +01:02:40.920 --> 01:02:42.560 +and that also gives me hope that more and + +01:02:42.560 --> 01:02:44.200 +more people will start to do it and then + +01:02:44.200 --> 01:02:45.760 +we can make an even bigger difference. + +01:02:47.820 --> 01:02:51.180 +Well every year I invite you a new edition + +01:02:51.180 --> 01:02:55.380 +of a Times recap or something basically it + +01:02:55.380 --> 01:02:57.340 +tells every single thing that happens last + +01:02:57.340 --> 01:02:59.660 +year. I usually look back and try looking + +01:02:59.660 --> 01:03:03.160 +at everything that happened during global + +01:03:03.160 --> 01:03:06.100 +warming. Sometimes it will be bad, like, I + +01:03:06.100 --> 01:03:08.720 +don't know. The one I'm reading right now + +01:03:08.720 --> 01:03:12.080 +said that the glaciers have two giant + +01:03:12.080 --> 01:03:15.740 +chunks have fallen off the glacier. So + +01:03:15.740 --> 01:03:18.620 +that shows that's going closer to global + +01:03:18.620 --> 01:03:21.620 +warming and is taking place. That part + +01:03:21.620 --> 01:03:24.060 +kind of creeps me out. But also I found + +01:03:24.060 --> 01:03:27.700 +other good news, like people in British + +01:03:27.700 --> 01:03:29.720 +are actually now complaining about the + +01:03:29.720 --> 01:03:32.060 +global warming. School students in high + +01:03:32.060 --> 01:03:33.900 +school are taking part and started + +01:03:33.900 --> 01:03:37.960 +rallying in the streets in 2019. I find + +01:03:37.960 --> 01:03:42.000 +that more people are being more aware of + +01:03:42.000 --> 01:03:45.340 +global warming. Actually, that itself + +01:03:45.340 --> 01:03:46.960 +gives me hope that people are not trying + +01:03:46.960 --> 01:03:49.460 +to take action and that some people are + +01:03:49.460 --> 01:03:52.100 +standing up to the people who are actually + +01:03:52.100 --> 01:03:56.200 +causing all this trouble. That part gives + +01:03:56.200 --> 01:03:57.180 +me hope. + +01:04:00.500 --> 01:04:03.420 +It makes me hopeful that there's a whole + +01:04:03.420 --> 01:04:06.340 +new generation. And if they grow up + +01:04:06.340 --> 01:04:09.100 +hearing this message over and over, then + +01:04:09.100 --> 01:04:12.240 +it will get wired into their brain. And + +01:04:12.240 --> 01:04:14.140 +hopefully it'll become something they care + +01:04:14.140 --> 01:04:17.520 +about. And I'll try really hard to help + +01:04:17.520 --> 01:04:19.960 +our earth get better. I know it's + +01:04:19.960 --> 01:04:22.060 +sometimes hard to imagine that young + +01:04:22.060 --> 01:04:24.440 +people can make a difference, but being + +01:04:24.440 --> 01:04:27.240 +creative, what do you think people your + +01:04:27.240 --> 01:04:29.820 +age can do to help ensure that the world + +01:04:29.820 --> 01:04:33.380 +will be better 5, 10, 15 years in the + +01:04:33.380 --> 01:04:35.160 +future, especially when we're talking + +01:04:35.160 --> 01:04:39.780 +about the environment? well we could just + +01:04:39.780 --> 01:04:43.280 +talk small pick up trash that um people + +01:04:43.280 --> 01:04:45.800 +like students from school have left and + +01:04:45.800 --> 01:04:49.540 +threw away and on the floor pick it up and + +01:04:49.540 --> 01:04:52.540 +tell them that you shouldn't do that small + +01:04:52.540 --> 01:04:56.580 +things right um recycle don't mix up trash + +01:04:56.580 --> 01:04:59.840 +with their cycle just honestly basic + +01:04:59.840 --> 01:05:02.300 +research can go a long way right you know + +01:05:02.300 --> 01:05:03.600 +what to recycle you're not going to put + +01:05:03.600 --> 01:05:05.540 +trash in the recycle we should just go + +01:05:05.540 --> 01:05:09.240 +waste right uh and then again just being + +01:05:09.240 --> 01:05:10.680 +informed when you're a kid so you know + +01:05:10.680 --> 01:05:12.300 +what to do when you're an adult right like + +01:05:12.300 --> 01:05:15.060 +maybe when you're not when you're an adult + +01:05:15.060 --> 01:05:17.300 +not all cars would be electric but you + +01:05:17.300 --> 01:05:19.040 +obviously know the problem so maybe you + +01:05:19.040 --> 01:05:21.460 +would lean towards an electric car if you + +01:05:21.460 --> 01:05:26.440 +again can you know get one well they can + +01:05:26.440 --> 01:05:29.520 +for sure like reuse plastic and like maybe + +01:05:29.520 --> 01:05:33.700 +i think they can also So at least try to + +01:05:33.700 --> 01:05:37.580 +buy less plastic in stores and stuff that + +01:05:37.580 --> 01:05:40.360 +are bad for the environment. Like small + +01:05:40.360 --> 01:05:43.400 +decisions and also like letting people, + +01:05:43.580 --> 01:05:47.320 +telling people how they can help. Not if + +01:05:47.320 --> 01:05:49.780 +you like, if you just do something, that's + +01:05:49.780 --> 01:05:52.240 +one thing. But if you tell a bunch of + +01:05:52.240 --> 01:05:54.580 +people that they should be doing it too, + +01:05:54.740 --> 01:05:56.700 +then you can, then people can make like a + +01:05:56.700 --> 01:05:59.200 +bigger impact. impact. Some things are + +01:05:59.200 --> 01:06:01.140 +really necessary for us, but other things + +01:06:01.140 --> 01:06:03.320 +are harming us like drugs. And that's + +01:06:03.320 --> 01:06:06.860 +something that's become really like, it's + +01:06:06.860 --> 01:06:11.140 +increasing in a worse way in my + +01:06:11.140 --> 01:06:15.260 +generation. So I think that like, a way + +01:06:15.260 --> 01:06:17.420 +that we could stop this is stop all + +01:06:17.420 --> 01:06:20.000 +unnecessary things that aren't good for + +01:06:20.000 --> 01:06:23.620 +the environment or good for us. And I + +01:06:23.620 --> 01:06:25.460 +think that would not only help the + +01:06:25.460 --> 01:06:27.600 +environment, but also the health our + +01:06:27.600 --> 01:06:30.600 +overall health I feel like we can make + +01:06:30.600 --> 01:06:33.480 +sure trash gets into the trash and not + +01:06:33.480 --> 01:06:37.200 +around our planet I also feel like we can + +01:06:37.200 --> 01:06:41.380 +start planting more plants making sure um + +01:06:41.380 --> 01:06:45.240 +the whole community's environment is nice + +01:06:45.240 --> 01:06:49.480 +um I think it's like it can be in like any + +01:06:49.480 --> 01:06:51.800 +generations but like just to tell Tell + +01:06:51.800 --> 01:06:55.480 +them what is going on right now and at + +01:06:55.480 --> 01:06:59.340 +least one way to solve the problem that we + +01:06:59.340 --> 01:07:02.380 +have about environmental issues. I feel + +01:07:02.380 --> 01:07:05.060 +like I often mark those social media + +01:07:05.060 --> 01:07:08.300 +reposts of this many forests are being cut + +01:07:08.300 --> 01:07:10.940 +down in a second. But I feel like it + +01:07:10.940 --> 01:07:12.820 +really is helpful because it raises + +01:07:12.820 --> 01:07:14.900 +awareness. And I feel like raising + +01:07:14.900 --> 01:07:18.600 +awareness in daily life is so important + +01:07:18.600 --> 01:07:21.060 +because we don't spend our time watching + +01:07:21.060 --> 01:07:23.640 +Greta Thunberg's speeches. I don't spend + +01:07:23.640 --> 01:07:26.380 +my time doing that, at least. And I know + +01:07:26.380 --> 01:07:30.320 +most of my friends don't. Kids my age or + +01:07:30.320 --> 01:07:34.680 +any age could start maybe some clubs or + +01:07:34.680 --> 01:07:38.240 +make a petition on how we should store our + +01:07:38.240 --> 01:07:42.440 +trash. many like posters and clubs could + +01:07:42.440 --> 01:07:46.380 +really affect the way people at schools + +01:07:46.380 --> 01:07:50.180 +can think about the environment. Maybe + +01:07:50.180 --> 01:07:52.980 +work at your school like see if what your + +01:07:52.980 --> 01:07:55.840 +school is doing for like sustainable + +01:07:55.840 --> 01:07:57.780 +energy if your school like does your + +01:07:57.780 --> 01:07:59.880 +school have solar panels if there's like + +01:07:59.880 --> 01:08:02.580 +room in their budget to install them you + +01:08:02.580 --> 01:08:04.580 +could see if you could work with the + +01:08:04.580 --> 01:08:07.060 +district to maybe install solar panels at + +01:08:07.060 --> 01:08:09.340 +your school or have like see if you could + +01:08:09.340 --> 01:08:11.960 +make the have the office install like + +01:08:11.960 --> 01:08:15.240 +electric car charging spots in like the + +01:08:15.240 --> 01:08:17.040 +parking lot at your school or something + +01:08:17.040 --> 01:08:19.800 +like that now see if your school most + +01:08:19.800 --> 01:08:21.760 +schools have like student government like + +01:08:21.760 --> 01:08:24.280 +student council or something like that and + +01:08:24.280 --> 01:08:27.680 +see if you could either be part of that or + +01:08:27.680 --> 01:08:30.340 +work with someone or multiple people who + +01:08:30.340 --> 01:08:32.400 +are part of that or see if there's like a + +01:08:32.400 --> 01:08:35.860 +teacher who has like similar views and and + +01:08:35.860 --> 01:08:39.720 +see if you could work with them? I think + +01:08:39.720 --> 01:08:42.340 +the younger generations are who's on + +01:08:42.340 --> 01:08:45.680 +social media the most. And so they're all + +01:08:45.680 --> 01:08:47.900 +getting the message, but I think it's the + +01:08:47.900 --> 01:08:51.920 +older generations that don't really get + +01:08:51.920 --> 01:08:55.200 +the message. So I think the younger + +01:08:55.200 --> 01:08:57.540 +generation should spread that knowledge. + +01:08:58.540 --> 01:09:00.880 +But I know that every single time, it's + +01:09:00.880 --> 01:09:02.700 +annoying, but every single time before my + +01:09:02.700 --> 01:09:04.480 +parents go out, I always remind them like + +01:09:04.480 --> 01:09:07.760 +don't buy any plastic like do your best to + +01:09:07.760 --> 01:09:10.700 +just buy metal and paper and whatever you + +01:09:10.700 --> 01:09:13.920 +can to stop so we can stop using plastic + +01:09:13.920 --> 01:09:16.860 +and even little differences that like we + +01:09:16.860 --> 01:09:19.700 +can make like not using as much water or + +01:09:19.700 --> 01:09:21.000 +even just telling our parents to not use + +01:09:21.000 --> 01:09:23.680 +as much water will result in a bigger + +01:09:23.680 --> 01:09:25.780 +difference and I know that sometimes it's + +01:09:25.780 --> 01:09:27.240 +hard because like you're like it's not + +01:09:27.240 --> 01:09:29.780 +that big but with more and more kids doing + +01:09:29.780 --> 01:09:31.920 +it it will become something big and then + +01:09:31.920 --> 01:09:33.820 +their parents result doing it and then + +01:09:33.820 --> 01:09:36.040 +it'll just become a big thing of people + +01:09:36.040 --> 01:09:38.760 +doing what they can to help. I know with + +01:09:38.760 --> 01:09:41.040 +my family I think it would be more coming + +01:09:41.040 --> 01:09:44.620 +from me because hearing that I want to + +01:09:44.620 --> 01:09:46.300 +help change the world and change the + +01:09:46.300 --> 01:09:48.780 +environment I think has an impact on them + +01:09:48.780 --> 01:09:51.100 +because it shows that like what they're + +01:09:51.100 --> 01:09:53.380 +doing matters to me and what I'm doing + +01:09:53.380 --> 01:09:54.840 +matters to me. I just want to help the + +01:09:54.840 --> 01:09:56.720 +environment the best I can and I think + +01:09:56.720 --> 01:09:58.860 +that also like I know my parents don't + +01:09:58.860 --> 01:10:00.880 +probably think that I think about these + +01:10:00.880 --> 01:10:02.480 +kind of things. So I think that even + +01:10:02.480 --> 01:10:04.300 +coming from someone younger is more + +01:10:04.300 --> 01:10:06.300 +impactful because you're like, oh, even + +01:10:06.300 --> 01:10:07.940 +though they're young, they're trying to + +01:10:07.940 --> 01:10:09.260 +help the world and they're trying to make + +01:10:09.260 --> 01:10:11.440 +a difference. Like you said, what gives me + +01:10:11.440 --> 01:10:13.500 +hope was that people who are becoming + +01:10:13.500 --> 01:10:16.220 +aware, for it to happen, I think that, + +01:10:16.260 --> 01:10:18.040 +like you said, that more people should be + +01:10:18.040 --> 01:10:20.240 +aware, not just the young generation, but + +01:10:20.240 --> 01:10:22.040 +actually every generation should be more + +01:10:22.040 --> 01:10:24.260 +aware of climate change and actually try + +01:10:24.260 --> 01:10:26.540 +taking a step to stop it. And like I said, + +01:10:26.680 --> 01:10:29.900 +even if it's small, it does count. So I + +01:10:29.900 --> 01:10:33.520 +wish for it to change. I think that not + +01:10:33.520 --> 01:10:35.740 +just our generation, but every generation + +01:10:35.740 --> 01:10:38.960 +should step up and try slowing down + +01:10:38.960 --> 01:10:40.960 +climate change, even if it's small. + +01:10:47.640 --> 01:10:51.420 +Wow, it is so inspiring and encouraging to + +01:10:51.420 --> 01:10:53.300 +hear this wide variety of solutions. + +01:10:53.300 --> 01:10:56.520 +solutions. Not only did they explain what + +01:10:56.520 --> 01:10:59.100 +younger people can do, but also how adults + +01:10:59.100 --> 01:11:01.020 +and people of our generation can get + +01:11:01.020 --> 01:11:04.140 +involved, in both large and small ways. + +01:11:05.220 --> 01:11:06.980 +That's right, and I think that the impact + +01:11:06.980 --> 01:11:09.560 +of this is twofold. Not only are they + +01:11:09.560 --> 01:11:11.120 +helping us all to act by providing + +01:11:11.120 --> 01:11:13.700 +concrete actions we can take, I think they + +01:11:13.700 --> 01:11:16.900 +are also inspiring us to take action. I + +01:11:16.900 --> 01:11:18.840 +feel like we as a society always say that + +01:11:18.840 --> 01:11:20.820 +we want to protect the earth for future + +01:11:20.820 --> 01:11:23.180 +generations, but we don't really take the + +01:11:23.180 --> 01:11:25.240 +time to involve our young people today and + +01:11:25.240 --> 01:11:27.740 +what they can do here and now. Children + +01:11:27.740 --> 01:11:29.880 +have always been a powerful motivator for + +01:11:29.880 --> 01:11:32.320 +environmental action. I think seeing kids + +01:11:32.320 --> 01:11:33.780 +who are striving to lead environmentally + +01:11:33.780 --> 01:11:35.960 +conscious lives can show us all what a + +01:11:35.960 --> 01:11:37.800 +more sustainable future could look like. + +01:11:38.200 --> 01:11:41.400 +As Greta Thunberg said, people feel very + +01:11:41.400 --> 01:11:43.820 +guilty when a child says, you are stealing + +01:11:43.820 --> 01:11:47.320 +my future. That has impact. impact. We're + +01:11:47.320 --> 01:11:48.960 +used to making decisions with kids in + +01:11:48.960 --> 01:11:51.040 +mind, but I don't think we're used to + +01:11:51.040 --> 01:11:53.040 +making decisions with kids in the room. + +01:11:53.440 --> 01:11:55.460 +Yeah, we need to make sure that we + +01:11:55.460 --> 01:11:57.360 +continue involving kids in conversations + +01:11:57.360 --> 01:11:58.920 +about the environment and creating + +01:11:58.920 --> 01:12:01.100 +platforms for them to share their ideas. + +01:12:01.620 --> 01:12:03.320 +They cannot participate in the + +01:12:03.320 --> 01:12:05.060 +environmental movement at the ballot box, + +01:12:05.260 --> 01:12:07.240 +but their ideas can be incorporated if + +01:12:07.240 --> 01:12:10.400 +voters are willing to listen. And climate + +01:12:10.400 --> 01:12:12.360 +change is also an inherently inherently + +01:12:12.360 --> 01:12:15.000 +intergenerational issue. And I believe + +01:12:15.000 --> 01:12:17.500 +that we will be in very capable hands when + +01:12:17.500 --> 01:12:18.940 +these kids are one day making the + +01:12:18.940 --> 01:12:21.860 +decisions. I also personally feel + +01:12:21.860 --> 01:12:23.780 +incredibly inspired by these kids and + +01:12:23.780 --> 01:12:26.160 +their messages of hope. In college, as + +01:12:26.160 --> 01:12:27.960 +environmental science majors, I feel like + +01:12:27.960 --> 01:12:29.860 +we are constantly bombarded with reminders + +01:12:29.860 --> 01:12:31.640 +of how big and complex environmental + +01:12:31.640 --> 01:12:33.720 +issues are, and that can become really + +01:12:33.720 --> 01:12:36.620 +discouraging over time. Exactly, and + +01:12:36.620 --> 01:12:38.460 +that's why we love talking to people about + +01:12:38.460 --> 01:12:40.000 +their their ideas, and their hopes, + +01:12:40.120 --> 01:12:42.520 +especially with younger people who will + +01:12:42.520 --> 01:12:44.140 +soon be at the helm of the environmental + +01:12:44.140 --> 01:12:47.520 +movement. It is rejuvenating to palpably + +01:12:47.520 --> 01:12:50.520 +feel so much hope and optimism, and it + +01:12:50.520 --> 01:12:53.340 +serves as a powerful motivator for us as + +01:12:53.340 --> 01:12:58.020 +we continue on our own paths. Well, in + +01:12:58.020 --> 01:13:00.060 +closing, we just want to express our + +01:13:00.060 --> 01:13:01.800 +appreciation for all of the people who + +01:13:01.800 --> 01:13:04.000 +have supported us in this project. It has + +01:13:04.000 --> 01:13:05.800 +been an incredibly long journey, and we + +01:13:05.800 --> 01:13:07.500 +are so grateful to have had such a + +01:13:07.500 --> 01:13:10.840 +wonderful team. Yes, thank you to our 13 + +01:13:10.840 --> 01:13:12.960 +student participants, their adult + +01:13:12.960 --> 01:13:15.320 +interviewees, our mentors at Stanford, + +01:13:15.580 --> 01:13:17.920 +Richard and Nicole, and the teachers and + +01:13:17.920 --> 01:13:19.700 +parents from Ellen Fletcher Middle School, + +01:13:19.840 --> 01:13:22.280 +all of whom made this program possible. + +01:13:22.980 --> 01:13:25.480 +And thanks to you, the listeners, for + +01:13:25.480 --> 01:13:27.040 +spending your Earth Day here with us. + +01:13:27.440 --> 01:13:29.140 +We'll leave you with one last coronavirus + +01:13:29.140 --> 01:13:31.660 +message on behalf of KZSU, but please stay + +01:13:31.660 --> 01:13:32.980 +safe and have a great rest of your + +01:13:32.980 --> 01:13:36.540 +evening. name. With many schools closed + +01:13:36.540 --> 01:13:39.100 +due to the COVID-19 crisis, kids are + +01:13:39.100 --> 01:13:42.100 +missing meals daily. No Kid Hungry is + +01:13:42.100 --> 01:13:43.760 +stepping up. They're using donations, + +01:13:44.020 --> 01:13:46.360 +large and small, to grant funding to + +01:13:46.360 --> 01:13:48.200 +school districts, food banks, and other + +01:13:48.200 --> 01:13:50.560 +local organizations right here in the Bay + +01:13:50.560 --> 01:13:54.600 +Area, which in turn are feeding kids. No + +01:13:54.600 --> 01:13:56.800 +Kid Hungry is dedicated to working year + +01:13:56.800 --> 01:13:58.600 +-round to help the one in seven kids + +01:13:58.600 --> 01:14:00.300 +across across the U.S. who face hunger + +01:14:00.300 --> 01:14:04.340 +every day. To donate, visit nokidhungry + +01:14:04.340 --> 01:14:08.880 +.org. That's nokidhungry.org. + +01:14:31.660 --> 01:14:31.780 +Thank you. + +01:15:06.700 --> 01:15:09.500 +Thank you. + +01:15:28.940 --> 01:15:29.540 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/EarthDayPodcast_Full_Final_m4a.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/EarthDayPodcast_Full_Final_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51db845 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/EarthDayPodcast_Full_Final_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,4688 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:16.840 --> 00:19.320 +Good evening, everyone. You're listening + +00:19.320 --> 00:23.240 +to KCSU Stanford 90.1. Thank you so much + +00:23.240 --> 00:24.940 +for joining us for the Happy Birthday + +00:24.940 --> 00:27.360 +Earth Day 50th Anniversary Special + +00:27.360 --> 00:29.260 +featuring students from Ellen Fletcher + +00:29.260 --> 00:31.100 +Middle School in Palo Alto, California. + +00:31.900 --> 00:34.600 +I'm Lexi Nealon. And I'm Chris Escobedo. + +00:34.740 --> 00:36.660 +And we will be your hosts tonight for this + +00:36.660 --> 00:38.380 +Earth Day special. We're both + +00:38.380 --> 00:40.460 +undergraduates completing degrees in the + +00:40.460 --> 00:42.100 +Earth Systems program at Stanford + +00:42.100 --> 00:44.240 +University. For our senior capstone + +00:44.240 --> 00:45.740 +project, we wanted to work on something + +00:45.740 --> 00:47.440 +that would make a difference in the world, + +00:47.560 --> 00:50.080 +not just for us as students, but for the + +00:50.080 --> 00:52.520 +broader community as well, something that + +00:52.520 --> 00:55.160 +would last beyond our time at Stanford. We + +00:55.160 --> 00:57.140 +were especially interested in working with + +00:57.140 --> 00:59.280 +youth for this project because we see a + +00:59.280 --> 01:01.500 +tremendous need and desire to involve them + +01:01.500 --> 01:04.320 +in the environmental movement. In recent + +01:04.320 --> 01:06.560 +years, Gen Z has become increasingly + +01:06.560 --> 01:09.360 +interested in environmental activism, and + +01:09.360 --> 01:11.060 +the Washington Post actually estimates + +01:11.060 --> 01:13.940 +that 24% of current U.S. teenagers have + +01:13.940 --> 01:16.400 +participated in a school walkout, attended + +01:16.400 --> 01:18.640 +a protest, or written to a government + +01:18.640 --> 01:20.460 +representative about climate change. + +01:20.460 --> 01:23.480 +Because lots of environmental issues are + +01:23.480 --> 01:26.100 +complex and overwhelming, we were curious + +01:26.100 --> 01:28.560 +to hear how young people would talk about + +01:28.560 --> 01:30.860 +them in their own voices, what questions + +01:30.860 --> 01:32.880 +they might have, what concerns they'd + +01:32.880 --> 01:35.060 +have, and what they look forward to in the + +01:35.060 --> 01:37.700 +future. We were also so aware of the need + +01:37.700 --> 01:39.960 +for hope and optimism, especially right + +01:39.960 --> 01:42.340 +now during this pandemic, and it seemed + +01:42.340 --> 01:44.840 +that empowering youth to participate in + +01:44.840 --> 01:47.220 +these complex discussions could serve as a + +01:47.220 --> 01:48.800 +powerful motivator for environmental + +01:48.800 --> 01:51.280 +activism. activism. I've worked in radio + +01:51.280 --> 01:54.100 +at KCSU for almost four years, so I know + +01:54.100 --> 01:56.460 +that this is a great platform not only for + +01:56.460 --> 01:58.560 +participants to highlight their ideas, but + +01:58.560 --> 02:00.540 +also for them to build confidence, learn + +02:00.540 --> 02:02.220 +how to talk with people, and find their + +02:02.220 --> 02:04.460 +own voice. Putting all that together, + +02:04.780 --> 02:06.180 +Chris and I thought that a podcast + +02:06.180 --> 02:07.480 +highlighting middle schoolers' + +02:07.520 --> 02:09.420 +perspectives at an age when they are + +02:09.420 --> 02:11.180 +really coming into their own in terms of + +02:11.180 --> 02:13.080 +becoming active decision makers in their + +02:13.080 --> 02:15.340 +school and community would be a great way + +02:15.340 --> 02:17.520 +to celebrate Earth Day. Over the last + +02:17.520 --> 02:19.840 +three months, we've worked collaboratively + +02:19.840 --> 02:21.500 +with 13 Ellen Fletcher middle school + +02:21.500 --> 02:23.720 +students to prepare them to interview + +02:23.720 --> 02:26.100 +their chosen trusted adults and to be + +02:26.100 --> 02:28.500 +interviewed themselves. We hope that + +02:28.500 --> 02:29.860 +hearing from these students will make + +02:29.860 --> 02:31.760 +others excited about considering the youth + +02:31.760 --> 02:33.980 +voice, especially when making decisions + +02:33.980 --> 02:36.700 +that impact future generations. The + +02:36.700 --> 02:38.480 +remainder of this program follows the + +02:38.480 --> 02:40.100 +students as they interview family, + +02:40.320 --> 02:42.660 +friends, mentors, and teachers from their + +02:42.660 --> 02:44.640 +community who reflect on environmental + +02:44.640 --> 02:46.480 +changes they've noticed since the first + +02:46.480 --> 02:49.980 +Earth Day in 1970. Later on, the same + +02:49.980 --> 02:51.800 +students will discuss their perspectives + +02:51.800 --> 02:53.640 +on today's environmental challenges, + +02:53.860 --> 02:56.560 +particularly climate change, and offer + +02:56.560 --> 02:58.620 +their own inspiring visions for how we + +02:58.620 --> 03:00.480 +might achieve a more sustainable future. + +03:01.560 --> 03:04.060 +Before we get started though, we'd like to + +03:04.060 --> 03:06.060 +share a quick message with you about the + +03:06.060 --> 03:08.820 +temporary coronavirus-related closure of + +03:08.820 --> 03:12.100 +our campus arts museum. As part of + +03:12.100 --> 03:14.880 +Stanford's response to COVID-19, Cantor + +03:14.880 --> 03:16.980 +Arts Center has closed its galleries to + +03:16.980 --> 03:18.940 +the general public until at least May + +03:18.940 --> 03:21.980 +15th. In the interim, the museum is + +03:21.980 --> 03:24.480 +offering a digest of digital resources for + +03:24.480 --> 03:26.500 +visitors to explore through Museums at + +03:26.500 --> 03:31.200 +Home link. Visit museum.stanford.edu slash + +03:31.200 --> 03:35.400 +museums dash home. Cantor Arts is looking + +03:35.400 --> 03:37.460 +forward to reopening its doors once again + +03:37.460 --> 03:40.940 +as soon as possible. For more info, go to + +03:40.940 --> 03:45.500 +museums.stanford.edu. Thanks, Chris, for + +03:45.500 --> 03:48.300 +that important update. Now, as a reminder, + +03:48.520 --> 03:50.840 +each of our 13 students selected one adult + +03:50.840 --> 03:53.120 +participant, and the only criteria we + +03:53.120 --> 03:55.040 +required for their selection was that the + +03:55.040 --> 03:56.480 +adult had to be someone they would be + +03:56.480 --> 03:58.200 +comfortable interviewing and was at least + +03:58.200 --> 04:00.400 +50 years old, such that they were alive + +04:00.400 --> 04:03.540 +during the first Earth Day in 1970. Right, + +04:03.660 --> 04:05.520 +so let's go ahead and meet those adults + +04:05.520 --> 04:06.400 +that our students chose. + +04:10.860 --> 04:14.340 +I'm a mother of one fantastic daughter, + +04:14.600 --> 04:18.140 +and I'm an administrator at Stanford in + +04:18.140 --> 04:20.800 +the computer science department. I'm like + +04:20.800 --> 04:23.460 +technically a secretary, a nutrition + +04:23.460 --> 04:25.880 +expert, a housekeeper and fashion + +04:25.880 --> 04:28.440 +counselor for my husband and my two + +04:28.440 --> 04:31.940 +beautiful kids. And I was born in Mexico + +04:31.940 --> 04:34.120 +City. I'm the daughter of Spanish + +04:34.120 --> 04:37.520 +immigrants. I am a teacher, and I'm very + +04:37.520 --> 04:40.820 +proud to be one, even though I don't teach + +04:40.820 --> 04:44.580 +nowadays. I'm from Berkeley, California, + +04:45.000 --> 04:49.700 +and I, of course, am retired. I'm elderly. + +04:50.420 --> 04:53.600 +I volunteer at the food closet and have a + +04:53.600 --> 04:58.120 +great book club. I'm from Bulgaria, Sofia + +04:58.120 --> 05:00.240 +is the capital of Bulgaria. I was born + +05:00.240 --> 05:04.160 +during communism and then my husband won a + +05:04.160 --> 05:06.640 +green card from the lottery and we all + +05:06.640 --> 05:11.120 +became here. And we are in the USA since + +05:11.120 --> 05:15.220 +March of 1996. I live in Palo Alto, + +05:15.320 --> 05:18.500 +California. I run a company, I'm the CEO + +05:18.500 --> 05:21.240 +and co-founder of a tech company that has + +05:21.240 --> 05:23.780 +a software solution based on artificial + +05:23.780 --> 05:26.240 +intelligence. I am the Fletcher Middle + +05:26.240 --> 05:29.620 +School librarian, and I was born in 1965 + +05:29.620 --> 05:33.180 +in Boston, and I went to UC Berkeley for + +05:33.180 --> 05:36.060 +my teaching credential and my master's in + +05:36.060 --> 05:38.960 +education. And my favorite job of all is + +05:38.960 --> 05:41.960 +being a middle school teacher librarian. I + +05:41.960 --> 05:45.700 +am a language arts and music teacher, a + +05:45.700 --> 05:48.740 +great supporter of all environmental + +05:48.740 --> 05:51.340 +movements to save this beautiful planet, + +05:51.560 --> 05:56.160 +Mother Earth. and I recycle very + +05:56.160 --> 05:59.460 +scrupulously. I grew up in India. + +06:00.380 --> 06:03.640 +Currently, I'm an enterprise solutions + +06:03.640 --> 06:06.980 +engineer working in the machine learning + +06:06.980 --> 06:09.620 +artificial intelligence field. When I was + +06:09.620 --> 06:13.140 +growing up, I went to college to study + +06:13.140 --> 06:17.940 +geology and earth sciences, but then I + +06:17.940 --> 06:19.700 +moved to computer science field. + +06:19.700 --> 06:23.340 +Currently, I'm working in medical affairs, + +06:23.500 --> 06:26.820 +working with cancer drugs at a + +06:26.820 --> 06:30.040 +pharmaceutical company. For fun, I like to + +06:30.040 --> 06:34.760 +travel, and every year we visit my parents + +06:34.760 --> 06:38.300 +and relatives in Thailand. I'm a + +06:38.300 --> 06:41.040 +management consultant. I work mostly in + +06:41.040 --> 06:43.580 +the life sciences industry doing + +06:43.580 --> 06:46.540 +technology consulting. I grew up in a + +06:46.540 --> 06:49.340 +little town in Iowa, northeastern Iowa. + +06:49.680 --> 06:54.960 +And the last few years, I was a school + +06:54.960 --> 06:57.420 +librarian at a high school in Fairfax + +06:57.420 --> 07:01.300 +County. I grew up in Southern California + +07:01.300 --> 07:05.020 +in Orange County. And then when I got + +07:05.020 --> 07:09.220 +married, we both worked in technology. And + +07:09.220 --> 07:12.020 +so we moved up here to the Bay Area. And + +07:12.020 --> 07:15.600 +then we both have worked in technology and + +07:15.600 --> 07:17.400 +also have been very involved in the + +07:17.400 --> 07:18.960 +schools when our kids were in school. + +07:25.580 --> 07:27.340 +What amazing and diverse participants. + +07:28.220 --> 07:30.060 +Although all of our students are based in + +07:30.060 --> 07:32.180 +Palo Alto, the adults they chose to + +07:32.180 --> 07:33.660 +interview have connections all over the + +07:33.660 --> 07:35.720 +globe. I can't wait to hear what they have + +07:35.720 --> 07:38.720 +to say. Absolutely agreed. I think this + +07:38.720 --> 07:40.140 +really goes to show just how + +07:40.140 --> 07:42.720 +interconnected our world is nowadays. And + +07:42.720 --> 07:44.920 +I'm thrilled to hear such a wide variety + +07:44.920 --> 07:47.520 +of perspectives. Let's hand it over to the + +07:47.520 --> 07:48.460 +kids to get us started. + +07:52.860 --> 07:55.160 +Think about a place where you have lived + +07:55.160 --> 07:58.580 +in or visited for multiple years. How has + +07:58.580 --> 08:00.780 +the environment in that place changed over + +08:00.780 --> 08:04.180 +time? Sure. Sure. One of the most popular + +08:04.180 --> 08:07.340 +places in India is Bangalore. And as + +08:07.340 --> 08:10.580 +anyone knows right now, Bangalore is + +08:10.580 --> 08:12.880 +called the Silicon Valley of India. But + +08:12.880 --> 08:14.960 +when I was growing up, Bangalore was the + +08:14.960 --> 08:17.580 +most beautiful city with the best weather + +08:17.580 --> 08:21.600 +and no pollution, less number of people. + +08:21.660 --> 08:24.560 +It was a beautiful city to grow or visit + +08:24.560 --> 08:27.800 +for tourism. But as the time passed by, + +08:28.040 --> 08:32.000 +the tech boom happened and people just + +08:32.000 --> 08:35.220 +grew exponentially. Now, every time I go + +08:35.220 --> 08:37.920 +to Bangalore, it's dusty, it's polluted, + +08:38.100 --> 08:42.920 +it's warm, and it's not that something you + +08:42.920 --> 08:45.600 +love to live there. It has changed + +08:45.600 --> 08:48.360 +drastically. I would say like in 25 or 30 + +08:48.360 --> 08:54.780 +years, it has become from a nice, cold and + +08:54.780 --> 08:59.040 +pleasant city in terms of the weather to + +08:59.040 --> 09:03.480 +more like hot. Humidity is high now and it + +09:03.480 --> 09:07.320 +rains too often. I grew up in Busan city + +09:07.320 --> 09:10.240 +in South Korea. It is a south part of + +09:10.240 --> 09:13.360 +country. It's near the ocean. It was a + +09:13.360 --> 09:16.220 +very nice place. The weather was nice. The + +09:16.220 --> 09:19.580 +air was very clean. There was a mountain + +09:19.580 --> 09:23.420 +near my town, and it was easily accessible + +09:23.420 --> 09:26.940 +for everyone. I remember that there was a + +09:26.940 --> 09:29.240 +little stream, and sometimes my friend and + +09:29.240 --> 09:32.300 +I went to the air play. We could easily + +09:32.300 --> 09:34.920 +spot frog spawn and tadpole and small + +09:34.920 --> 09:37.960 +fishes. It was fun. Well, like about 20 + +09:37.960 --> 09:40.620 +years ago, there was yellow dust, + +09:40.760 --> 09:43.660 +especially during springtime. Scientists + +09:43.660 --> 09:47.160 +said that yellow dust from China during + +09:47.160 --> 09:50.140 +springtime because wind made this yellow + +09:50.140 --> 09:54.320 +dust blow over the ocean and arrived to + +09:54.320 --> 09:57.120 +South Korea. But it's usually springtime, + +09:57.240 --> 09:59.640 +not that long, so people could just + +09:59.640 --> 10:02.380 +prevent and wear masks during that time. + +10:02.380 --> 10:06.720 +But however, these days, not only yellow + +10:06.720 --> 10:10.340 +dust, nowadays they say fine dust. I + +10:10.340 --> 10:14.320 +remember I went outside with a kid and I + +10:14.320 --> 10:17.500 +could tell the air is not very clear. And + +10:17.500 --> 10:19.640 +I got a phone call from my sister-in-law + +10:19.640 --> 10:22.900 +and, oh, today the fine dust level is very + +10:22.900 --> 10:25.040 +high. You should stay at home. And I + +10:25.040 --> 10:28.440 +asked, what is that? And she came to me + +10:28.440 --> 10:31.380 +and she showed me how to install the Find + +10:31.380 --> 10:34.220 +Us Index application. And she told me, you + +10:34.220 --> 10:36.060 +should check it every day. And if the + +10:36.060 --> 10:37.820 +level is very high, you should stay at + +10:37.820 --> 10:40.240 +home. It's really, really bad for kids and + +10:40.240 --> 10:43.080 +older people. And if you have to go out, + +10:43.160 --> 10:46.560 +you should wear a mask. So that is the new + +10:46.560 --> 10:50.660 +culture in Korea. I would take my hometown + +10:50.660 --> 10:54.620 +in India. It's almost kind of a very + +10:54.620 --> 10:56.600 +hidden gem. It's a hill station tucked + +10:56.600 --> 10:59.860 +away from the civilization almost. It's + +10:59.860 --> 11:03.620 +called Wayanad. It's on the southmost tip + +11:03.620 --> 11:05.720 +of India. As I said, it's a hill station + +11:05.720 --> 11:08.360 +surrounded by mountain around 8,000 feet + +11:08.360 --> 11:11.360 +above sea level. The only access to the + +11:11.360 --> 11:14.940 +place still is a bus route. And that's how + +11:14.940 --> 11:17.600 +we communicate with the rest of the world. + +11:17.820 --> 11:20.440 +So the memories of that place is, you + +11:20.440 --> 11:22.840 +know, it was abundance of nature. or + +11:22.840 --> 11:26.120 +that's what I can remember most. It was + +11:26.120 --> 11:29.360 +greenery everywhere, no pollution. When + +11:29.360 --> 11:32.360 +you walk outside at night, you could see a + +11:32.360 --> 11:36.320 +full starry sky. Like you couldn't see a + +11:36.320 --> 11:38.500 +place, locate a place where you don't see + +11:38.500 --> 11:41.120 +stars. It was that kind of a place. When I + +11:41.120 --> 11:44.180 +traveled back, I mostly traveled again by + +11:44.180 --> 11:46.840 +bus. So the first thing that you remember + +11:46.840 --> 11:51.540 +is as you are climbing a winding hill road + +11:51.540 --> 11:55.460 +to reach Wayanad, you would suddenly be + +11:55.460 --> 11:58.380 +hit with lots and lots of fresh air. Even + +11:58.380 --> 12:00.760 +if I'm sleeping, I would know that I + +12:00.760 --> 12:03.940 +reached Wayanad by just that breath of + +12:03.940 --> 12:07.040 +fresh air. So over the years, this fresh + +12:07.040 --> 12:11.340 +air, this cold wind, and that sweetness of + +12:11.340 --> 12:14.260 +earth that you can smell, that slowly + +12:14.260 --> 12:17.620 +started kind of eroding. So it's a little + +12:17.620 --> 12:20.900 +bit sad to see the place converted to + +12:20.900 --> 12:24.840 +almost an industrial location where you + +12:24.840 --> 12:27.220 +could see houses everywhere, roads + +12:27.220 --> 12:29.640 +everywhere, buildings getting propped up + +12:29.640 --> 12:31.740 +everywhere. So it's a little bit sad to + +12:31.740 --> 12:35.260 +see that. The first place I lived overseas + +12:35.260 --> 12:41.320 +was in Japan, which was Okinawa, but now + +12:41.320 --> 12:44.060 +that part is all part of Japan. Japan. + +12:44.180 --> 12:46.300 +It's a very small island. It was right + +12:46.300 --> 12:50.220 +after World War II. And there were a lot + +12:50.220 --> 12:52.600 +of damages done to the environment there + +12:52.600 --> 12:56.140 +because of the war in many places that + +12:56.140 --> 12:59.160 +were inaccessible to most people because + +12:59.160 --> 13:02.140 +it had damaged the place so much. And I + +13:02.140 --> 13:04.800 +understand that now they created a lot of + +13:04.800 --> 13:06.940 +tourist spots there. And apparently + +13:06.940 --> 13:10.660 +they've tried to restore the environment + +13:10.660 --> 13:14.320 +there, beaches and bring back a different + +13:14.320 --> 13:17.900 +kind of tourist economy. In Germany, we + +13:17.900 --> 13:20.560 +were there right after, you know, within a + +13:20.560 --> 13:23.080 +year of that. And there were many places + +13:23.080 --> 13:25.620 +you couldn't go because they still were + +13:25.620 --> 13:28.820 +having problems with unexploded bombs and + +13:28.820 --> 13:31.740 +stuff because you couldn't go there. So we + +13:31.740 --> 13:35.680 +didn't have a lot of access to just + +13:35.680 --> 13:37.900 +anywhere we wanted to go in Europe. All + +13:37.900 --> 13:39.740 +these places you could just walk right up + +13:39.740 --> 13:43.600 +to the buildings. And we went back there + +13:43.600 --> 13:45.360 +many years later and you could not do that + +13:45.360 --> 13:48.240 +because they had been damaged too much, + +13:48.240 --> 13:51.660 +either by tourists or time. When I was + +13:51.660 --> 13:54.340 +growing up, Mexico City had the most + +13:54.340 --> 13:57.680 +incredible environment. What I recall is a + +13:57.680 --> 14:00.420 +beautiful valley surrounded by mountains + +14:00.420 --> 14:04.980 +and some of them are huge volcanoes. The + +14:04.980 --> 14:07.900 +sky was always blue, the air always + +14:07.900 --> 14:10.800 +transparent. And you could predict the + +14:10.800 --> 14:14.120 +weather because it ran with clock + +14:14.120 --> 14:16.620 +perfection. We had a rainy season that + +14:16.620 --> 14:19.760 +started in May, finished in September. But + +14:19.760 --> 14:22.360 +that was it. And the fruit that you had + +14:22.360 --> 14:24.960 +and the vegetables you ate belonged to + +14:24.960 --> 14:27.300 +that season. Right now, everything has + +14:27.300 --> 14:29.840 +changed. When I was growing up, this city + +14:29.840 --> 14:32.600 +had 6 million people. And right now we are + +14:32.600 --> 14:34.740 +20-something. So the city has grown + +14:34.740 --> 14:39.540 +incredibly, incredibly, and not with great + +14:39.540 --> 14:42.580 +order, I would say. Can you please tell me + +14:42.580 --> 14:44.560 +about a time where you felt that climate + +14:44.560 --> 14:47.380 +change was impacting a part of your daily + +14:47.380 --> 14:50.520 +life? The drought we experienced a few + +14:50.520 --> 14:54.840 +years ago comes to mind. I remember when I + +14:54.840 --> 14:58.160 +first came to Pau Alto, there was a lot of + +14:58.160 --> 15:01.480 +rain in the winter and through the month + +15:01.480 --> 15:05.040 +of April. This is no longer the case and + +15:05.040 --> 15:07.920 +all of us remember how we had a water + +15:07.920 --> 15:11.140 +crisis and had to stop washing our cars, + +15:11.320 --> 15:15.900 +balconies, had to stop watering plants and + +15:15.900 --> 15:18.800 +change our habits to preserve water. of? + +15:19.220 --> 15:21.340 +Well, look at right now, we're all sitting + +15:21.340 --> 15:24.400 +at home and being quarantined. Why? + +15:24.580 --> 15:28.520 +Because there are some practices that need + +15:28.520 --> 15:32.960 +to be reviewed. What we eat, how we eat + +15:32.960 --> 15:36.340 +it, because the viruses come a lot of + +15:36.340 --> 15:40.960 +times from unhealthy food practices. And + +15:40.960 --> 15:43.340 +so the ethics of of what we're eating need + +15:43.340 --> 15:46.720 +to be reviewed in many countries. And + +15:46.720 --> 15:52.880 +then, yes, the ability to spread any kind + +15:52.880 --> 15:55.220 +of a problem all over the world quickly, + +15:56.240 --> 15:59.200 +that is an environmental issue that we're + +15:59.200 --> 16:01.420 +facing right now because we're so + +16:01.420 --> 16:04.200 +interconnected through airplanes, through + +16:04.200 --> 16:07.400 +traveling. Since we can do that, we need + +16:07.400 --> 16:10.840 +to be very conscious conscious about how + +16:10.840 --> 16:14.020 +we're behaving and what we are again what + +16:14.020 --> 16:16.520 +footprint we're leaving behind so i grew + +16:16.520 --> 16:21.260 +up in india when um companies like talked + +16:21.260 --> 16:25.380 +about co2 emissions i think more into + +16:25.380 --> 16:27.700 +general context in india was like people + +16:27.700 --> 16:32.080 +believed what was there but then um what + +16:32.080 --> 16:33.960 +happened was there were some industry + +16:33.960 --> 16:36.460 +disasters that happened in india i + +16:36.460 --> 16:39.000 +remember back in 70s and 80s, there were + +16:39.000 --> 16:41.420 +poisonous gases released in the atmosphere + +16:41.420 --> 16:45.440 +during something that happened with the + +16:45.440 --> 16:49.300 +industrial complex, and it caused a lot of + +16:49.300 --> 16:52.220 +deaths. So I think if I go back, I think + +16:52.220 --> 16:54.600 +in my memory only, I think the focus was + +16:54.600 --> 16:57.360 +always on these kind of life-threatening + +16:57.360 --> 17:02.120 +disasters rather than CO2 emissions, to my + +17:02.120 --> 17:03.560 +awareness. I don't think people paid + +17:03.560 --> 17:06.640 +enough attention to CO2 emissions back in + +17:06.640 --> 17:08.820 +the day. Do you think the general populace + +17:08.820 --> 17:11.860 +in your area were aware of climate change + +17:11.860 --> 17:15.520 +back then? Absolutely not. I don't think + +17:15.520 --> 17:19.080 +there was any awareness or even now there + +17:19.080 --> 17:20.480 +is awareness for climate change. + +17:21.080 --> 17:24.540 +Definitely the pollution, the industrial + +17:24.540 --> 17:27.000 +hazards that happened there, those were + +17:27.000 --> 17:30.600 +the concerns. But if I talk to most of the + +17:30.600 --> 17:32.660 +people back home in India, I don't think + +17:32.660 --> 17:35.500 +anybody knows the impact or the + +17:35.500 --> 17:39.240 +consequences of climate change. Even if + +17:39.240 --> 17:41.260 +you don't believe in the root cause, + +17:41.500 --> 17:43.780 +that's because of pollution or not, but we + +17:43.780 --> 17:45.220 +all know that the temperature of the + +17:45.220 --> 17:47.440 +planet is rising and it will have + +17:47.440 --> 17:50.540 +consequences. I don't think anybody's + +17:50.540 --> 17:52.840 +paying attention to that. I think it's + +17:52.840 --> 17:55.000 +probably the same in the United States. If + +17:55.000 --> 17:56.680 +you look at most of the cities, the big + +17:56.680 --> 17:58.940 +cities like New York, San Francisco, + +17:59.260 --> 18:02.480 +Houston, they're all on the coast. So if + +18:02.480 --> 18:05.160 +the temperature keeps rising, these cities + +18:05.160 --> 18:07.180 +won't exist anymore. But I think people + +18:07.180 --> 18:10.200 +think somehow it will solve itself, or + +18:10.200 --> 18:13.160 +honestly, people are not thinking long + +18:13.160 --> 18:15.960 +-term, in my opinion. What are your + +18:15.960 --> 18:17.600 +thoughts about the environment right now + +18:17.600 --> 18:19.560 +compared to the environment 15 years ago? + +18:19.960 --> 18:22.480 +I think about it a lot now. I mean, + +18:22.500 --> 18:24.780 +there's so much written about it, and we + +18:24.780 --> 18:28.120 +see so many pictures. We really never gave + +18:28.120 --> 18:31.380 +it a thought. never read or heard about it + +18:31.380 --> 18:34.520 +50 years ago. And now you just see + +18:34.520 --> 18:37.820 +pictures of it happening. I think it's in + +18:37.820 --> 18:42.080 +the forefront of all of our minds now. I + +18:42.080 --> 18:44.980 +hardly think you could talk to anyone who + +18:44.980 --> 18:47.420 +didn't think that it's happening. + +18:53.320 --> 18:55.460 +I don't know about you, but I'm finding it + +18:55.460 --> 18:57.400 +fascinating to hear from these folks about + +18:57.400 --> 18:59.360 +the changes they've witnessed, both in the + +18:59.360 --> 19:00.760 +sense of physical changes to the + +19:00.760 --> 19:02.820 +environment, as well as in social and + +19:02.820 --> 19:04.680 +cultural awareness about how humans are + +19:04.680 --> 19:07.280 +impacting the climate. Yeah, absolutely. I + +19:07.280 --> 19:09.100 +think they've done a fantastic job + +19:09.100 --> 19:11.200 +capturing what climate change really looks + +19:11.200 --> 19:14.240 +like on a human scale. It's almost + +19:14.240 --> 19:16.520 +disheartening to hear all of these + +19:16.520 --> 19:19.260 +dramatic personal stories of how much the + +19:19.260 --> 19:21.820 +earth has changed. Honestly, it's a little + +19:21.820 --> 19:24.140 +scary to think about. But at the same + +19:24.140 --> 19:26.300 +time, it's so encouraging to hear about + +19:26.300 --> 19:28.840 +how our awareness is growing, to know that + +19:28.840 --> 19:31.480 +people are paying more and more attention + +19:31.480 --> 19:34.620 +to these issues. I agree. Their message + +19:34.620 --> 19:37.280 +makes me feel very hopeful too. But let's + +19:37.280 --> 19:39.060 +also build some scientific context around + +19:39.060 --> 19:40.600 +the stories we've been hearing and talk + +19:40.600 --> 19:42.020 +about what the changes have looked like at + +19:42.020 --> 19:45.140 +a global scale. Sure, definitely. So this + +19:45.140 --> 19:47.680 +past year was the second warmest year on + +19:47.680 --> 19:51.160 +record globally. And July of 2019 was the + +19:51.160 --> 19:55.380 +hottest month in California ever. Since + +19:55.380 --> 19:58.580 +that very first Earth Day in 1970, our + +19:58.580 --> 20:01.600 +atmospheric CO2 levels have increased by + +20:01.600 --> 20:05.420 +26%, and every year we reach a new record + +20:05.420 --> 20:08.320 +high. The human population has also grown + +20:08.320 --> 20:11.660 +from 3.7 billion people in 1970 to close + +20:11.660 --> 20:13.740 +to 8 billion today, thus greatly + +20:13.740 --> 20:15.860 +increasing our ability as a species to + +20:15.860 --> 20:17.600 +make a lasting impact on the world around + +20:17.600 --> 20:20.500 +us. Yeah, I think these numbers can be be + +20:20.500 --> 20:23.340 +really shocking. They are super important + +20:23.340 --> 20:25.740 +and they do a great job of highlighting + +20:25.740 --> 20:28.960 +big changes and trends. But I also + +20:28.960 --> 20:31.440 +understand that for many of us, they are + +20:31.440 --> 20:34.220 +just big numbers and percentages and they + +20:34.220 --> 20:37.120 +don't mean much on their own. But these + +20:37.120 --> 20:40.080 +big numbers are causing real changes here + +20:40.080 --> 20:42.880 +and now. These drastic changes we've heard + +20:42.880 --> 20:45.180 +a lot about, the way people's lives are + +20:45.180 --> 20:48.020 +being impacted today, that is what these + +20:48.020 --> 20:50.380 +numbers are telling us. You're completely + +20:50.380 --> 20:52.620 +right. What's most important is the issues + +20:52.620 --> 20:54.320 +that these climate conditions can cause + +20:54.320 --> 20:56.240 +for our communities as well as for our + +20:56.240 --> 20:58.660 +environment. Let's go ahead and turn + +20:58.660 --> 21:00.260 +things back over to our students and their + +21:00.260 --> 21:02.060 +interviewees to hear more about how these + +21:02.060 --> 21:04.420 +issues manifest in their lives and what we + +21:04.420 --> 21:07.120 +can do individually and as a society to + +21:07.120 --> 21:07.740 +address them. + +21:11.600 --> 21:13.880 +can you describe the most important + +21:13.880 --> 21:16.440 +environmental issue in your opinion and + +21:16.440 --> 21:21.440 +why it's important pollution the the + +21:21.440 --> 21:24.280 +carbon emissions from cars and everyone on + +21:24.280 --> 21:26.020 +the road rushing to get to where they are + +21:26.020 --> 21:30.080 +if you look at the coronavirus pandemic + +21:30.080 --> 21:33.340 +with everyone sheltering in pace you can + +21:33.340 --> 21:37.080 +see that la our area, the pollution has + +21:37.080 --> 21:40.140 +been cut back or cut down because nobody's + +21:40.140 --> 21:42.640 +on the road using their cars. To me, + +21:42.760 --> 21:47.760 +rising sea level is the most, I would say, + +21:47.800 --> 21:51.500 +important environmental issue because that + +21:51.500 --> 21:55.280 +is causing a lot of smaller islands + +21:55.280 --> 21:58.640 +getting submerged by the sea level rise. + +21:58.640 --> 22:02.180 +So people are losing their places to live + +22:02.180 --> 22:06.560 +and animals or like sea animals, they're + +22:06.560 --> 22:09.660 +having trouble in terms of the pollution + +22:09.660 --> 22:14.040 +in the ocean. I think climate change is so + +22:14.040 --> 22:17.020 +important, not just for us here in + +22:17.020 --> 22:19.200 +California, where we've seen these raging + +22:19.200 --> 22:22.780 +wildfires, but around the world. And it + +22:22.780 --> 22:26.660 +just enrages me that we have people who + +22:26.660 --> 22:30.400 +are naysayers and denying the science. if + +22:30.400 --> 22:32.940 +you just look at the shrinkage of the ice, + +22:33.020 --> 22:34.840 +the polar ice, and you just watch that. + +22:34.920 --> 22:36.600 +And then you see these pictures of the + +22:36.600 --> 22:39.300 +starving polar bears. I mean, if that + +22:39.300 --> 22:40.980 +doesn't move someone, I don't know what + +22:40.980 --> 22:42.560 +will. And that's just talking about the + +22:42.560 --> 22:44.280 +animal population. But then you think + +22:44.280 --> 22:46.720 +about all the floods we've been having and + +22:46.720 --> 22:50.060 +all the horrific extreme weather. It's all + +22:50.060 --> 22:51.900 +linked to climate change. And I don't + +22:51.900 --> 22:54.360 +understand why we're not able to get it + +22:54.360 --> 22:56.940 +together, especially as a country. The + +22:56.940 --> 22:59.580 +fact that that we took ourselves out of + +22:59.580 --> 23:01.600 +the international agreements is so + +23:01.600 --> 23:04.200 +embarrassing because we're supposed to be + +23:04.540 --> 23:07.040 +this leader of nations and we're not + +23:07.040 --> 23:09.720 +leading. I still don't see any clear + +23:09.720 --> 23:12.760 +action or a strong guide from government. + +23:13.240 --> 23:15.780 +It's just true that glaciers are melting + +23:15.780 --> 23:19.400 +every year due to global warming. All our + +23:19.400 --> 23:22.840 +animal habitats are destroyed. Also, it'll + +23:22.840 --> 23:25.860 +impact the ecosystem. If ecosystem is + +23:25.860 --> 23:28.080 +destroyed, Showing people that is safe, + +23:28.140 --> 23:31.220 +too. I'm really worried. Do you think that + +23:31.220 --> 23:33.740 +more public recognition from events like + +23:33.740 --> 23:35.500 +Earth Day has helped the climate improve? + +23:36.460 --> 23:40.900 +Yes, I do. The first Earth Day was a very + +23:40.900 --> 23:43.780 +big deal. I mean, I remember it very + +23:43.780 --> 23:46.320 +clearly. I was in college. I think that + +23:46.320 --> 23:48.840 +that's brought a lot of attention over the + +23:48.840 --> 23:51.420 +years, along with other measures. I come + +23:51.420 --> 23:54.080 +from a marketing background, and so I know + +23:54.080 --> 23:56.020 +it's very important to always get the word + +23:56.020 --> 23:59.020 +out so people really understand what the + +23:59.020 --> 24:02.920 +issues are. And so Earth Day, it's really + +24:02.920 --> 24:06.800 +a marketing ploy that brings attention to + +24:06.800 --> 24:09.100 +the issues. And I think it's very + +24:09.100 --> 24:10.360 +important because that's the way that you + +24:10.360 --> 24:12.060 +can communicate and hopefully get people + +24:12.060 --> 24:13.960 +involved in activities. activities. For + +24:13.960 --> 24:16.520 +instance, a typical Earth Day activity + +24:16.520 --> 24:18.460 +might be to go out and clean up the creeks + +24:18.460 --> 24:21.020 +or the beaches. And by people + +24:21.020 --> 24:23.140 +participating in this, I think it gives + +24:23.140 --> 24:25.820 +them a real hands-on experience as far as + +24:25.820 --> 24:28.960 +why it's important and what it is out + +24:28.960 --> 24:30.920 +there and how they can help. And that may + +24:30.920 --> 24:33.500 +make them expand their view beyond just + +24:33.500 --> 24:35.380 +that beach that they're cleaning up. I + +24:35.380 --> 24:39.260 +think it's a a piece of the whole puzzle. + +24:39.440 --> 24:42.360 +Nothing in life is, I think, just a one + +24:42.360 --> 24:46.700 +-shot deal. So when you say it takes a + +24:46.700 --> 24:50.820 +village to do something, I think that's a + +24:50.820 --> 24:53.040 +good analogy here, that it takes a + +24:53.040 --> 24:55.460 +village. So you need things on many + +24:55.460 --> 24:59.580 +different levels so that people will + +24:59.580 --> 25:02.380 +understand it on different levels, and + +25:02.380 --> 25:07.740 +that it can make an impact locally, + +25:08.560 --> 25:12.480 +statewide, federally, nationwide, and + +25:12.480 --> 25:14.640 +internationally. And so I think it's very + +25:14.640 --> 25:17.520 +important to have different pieces that + +25:17.520 --> 25:21.200 +are going to all work together to move the + +25:21.200 --> 25:25.380 +goals forward. Do you think that evolution + +25:25.380 --> 25:28.080 +in technology is doing more or less good + +25:28.080 --> 25:30.480 +for the environment? I'm divided in my + +25:30.480 --> 25:33.700 +opinion. I think, you know, I say humans + +25:33.700 --> 25:36.720 +are progressive. We are inquisitively + +25:36.720 --> 25:39.000 +curious. I think the technological + +25:39.000 --> 25:41.340 +progress that we are making is quite + +25:41.340 --> 25:44.840 +natural. And somehow we cannot prevent + +25:44.840 --> 25:48.300 +that. And that's how we as a human society + +25:48.300 --> 25:52.400 +evolved. But I'm also not here to deny the + +25:52.400 --> 25:54.480 +negative influence of technology that it + +25:54.480 --> 25:57.280 +has been. And in my own life, I can see + +25:57.280 --> 25:59.200 +that even within a family, Like, you know, + +25:59.200 --> 26:02.520 +the interactions that we have are + +26:02.520 --> 26:04.760 +tremendously influenced, you know, + +26:04.780 --> 26:07.240 +negative influence of technology. But I + +26:07.240 --> 26:09.180 +wouldn't say, you know, the solution is + +26:09.180 --> 26:12.120 +let's go back and do not use technology. + +26:12.420 --> 26:15.080 +Even the crisis that we are going through + +26:15.080 --> 26:18.220 +now because of the pandemic, we are all + +26:18.220 --> 26:23.640 +forced to be socially distant and be at + +26:23.640 --> 26:26.680 +home. and I think you know this is a time + +26:26.680 --> 26:30.880 +for us to reflect and slow down because we + +26:30.880 --> 26:32.880 +all think that you know we have to get so + +26:32.880 --> 26:35.260 +many things done but nothing would happen + +26:35.260 --> 26:39.200 +if we just slow down and relax at home one + +26:39.200 --> 26:41.160 +day and we should go in that direction + +26:41.160 --> 26:43.740 +it's not technology that is bad or good + +26:43.740 --> 26:45.960 +influence but you know it's it's we as + +26:45.960 --> 26:49.880 +humans who needs to think what is good for + +26:49.880 --> 26:52.400 +us and needs to balance them is that. Can + +26:52.400 --> 26:54.320 +you walk me through one action we can take + +26:54.320 --> 26:56.640 +to make a difference today? I think that + +26:56.640 --> 27:00.400 +pollution stems from overuse and waste. + +27:01.080 --> 27:04.620 +So, you know, like air pollution, you + +27:04.620 --> 27:07.640 +know, comes from the use of all the cars + +27:07.640 --> 27:09.580 +on the street, all these transportation, + +27:10.100 --> 27:13.860 +the factories, burning fuel, Water + +27:13.860 --> 27:17.040 +pollution comes from all the waste and + +27:17.040 --> 27:21.760 +trash and the plastics. So we can do a lot + +27:21.760 --> 27:25.500 +to decrease pollution by being more + +27:25.500 --> 27:28.820 +mindful of the waste that we generate. So + +27:28.820 --> 27:33.100 +recycling of things, not just recycling of + +27:33.100 --> 27:36.440 +water bottles and whatnot or containers, + +27:36.540 --> 27:40.000 +but really recycling of everyday products. + +27:40.000 --> 27:43.400 +Think about the iPhones that we keep + +27:43.400 --> 27:47.000 +having to update and upgrade and all the + +27:47.000 --> 27:50.580 +waste that's associated with that. Or just + +27:50.580 --> 27:53.820 +all the shoes and clothes that everyone + +27:53.820 --> 27:57.240 +needs to buy to be trendy. So I think + +27:57.240 --> 28:00.500 +that, you know, just cutting down on all + +28:00.500 --> 28:05.200 +these waste and all these basics can go a + +28:05.200 --> 28:09.860 +long way to cut down pollution. I remember + +28:09.860 --> 28:13.520 +being in Milan, Italy last year, and I saw + +28:13.520 --> 28:16.300 +that they are planting trees on the side + +28:16.300 --> 28:20.000 +of buildings and on the rooftop. So then + +28:20.000 --> 28:22.640 +even if they have to cut trees from the + +28:22.640 --> 28:25.080 +ground to build an apartment building or + +28:25.080 --> 28:29.280 +something else, then they make it up by + +28:29.280 --> 28:31.560 +planting trees on top or everywhere + +28:31.560 --> 28:36.240 +possible. And I think we can try to do + +28:36.240 --> 28:39.440 +that here. We can do more walking and + +28:39.440 --> 28:41.800 +bicycling to the grocery stores, walk to + +28:41.800 --> 28:43.480 +Safeway, things like that. We could do + +28:43.480 --> 28:45.300 +more of that instead of taking these short + +28:45.300 --> 28:47.480 +little trips because we want to make + +28:47.480 --> 28:49.940 +everything happen so quickly. And then we + +28:49.940 --> 28:51.520 +would have more time to look at the trees + +28:51.520 --> 28:52.940 +and the greenery and the cherry blossoms + +28:52.940 --> 28:55.740 +blooming. We need to change what we're + +28:55.740 --> 29:00.060 +doing now. I don't know how. That's what I + +29:00.060 --> 29:04.780 +have to have the scientists tell us. But I + +29:04.780 --> 29:06.540 +know there are things, you know, little + +29:06.540 --> 29:08.680 +things we can do. Like my daughter-in-law + +29:08.680 --> 29:11.380 +suggested that I use cloth napkins instead + +29:11.380 --> 29:15.340 +of paper. So I'm doing that to save on + +29:15.340 --> 29:17.980 +paper. And then I bought these rubber + +29:17.980 --> 29:20.060 +gizmos. I don't even know what you call + +29:20.060 --> 29:22.380 +them. They're leftovers that can be thrown + +29:22.380 --> 29:24.940 +in the dishwasher rather than using + +29:24.940 --> 29:28.360 +plastic wrap and baggies. + +29:30.340 --> 29:33.080 +and we've got to drink more water from the + +29:33.080 --> 29:35.800 +faucet. We just have to be more thoughtful + +29:35.800 --> 29:40.880 +about what we're doing and remember that + +29:40.880 --> 29:43.200 +it's not going to help the environment, so + +29:43.200 --> 29:47.000 +maybe choose something that would help the + +29:47.000 --> 29:50.980 +environment. I do think that each one of + +29:50.980 --> 29:55.080 +us carries a responsibility for what we + +29:55.080 --> 29:58.380 +can do to make a difference. so that's at + +29:58.380 --> 30:00.860 +our personal level but I think it's also + +30:00.860 --> 30:03.920 +very important for us to go up to the + +30:03.920 --> 30:06.020 +level beyond the individual and that would + +30:06.020 --> 30:08.360 +be to your city level and to work with + +30:08.360 --> 30:10.600 +your city city of Palo Alto for instance + +30:10.600 --> 30:14.020 +then beyond the the city I think it's very + +30:14.020 --> 30:15.780 +important to work at the county level the + +30:15.780 --> 30:17.580 +state level federal level and an + +30:17.580 --> 30:19.060 +international level so I think there's + +30:19.060 --> 30:21.400 +steps each place along the way and there + +30:21.400 --> 30:23.760 +has to be coordination especially at the + +30:23.760 --> 30:25.440 +international national level. Because if + +30:25.440 --> 30:29.280 +all countries are not trying to care for + +30:29.280 --> 30:32.660 +the ocean and what's happening there, then + +30:32.660 --> 30:36.680 +we're going to lose hundreds and thousands + +30:36.680 --> 30:39.560 +of species and plants and reefs and + +30:39.560 --> 30:42.640 +whatnot. Dear librarian, what role do you + +30:42.640 --> 30:45.240 +think libraries and reading can and should + +30:45.240 --> 30:47.280 +play in helping people learn about climate + +30:47.280 --> 30:49.320 +change and the environment? Oh, that's a + +30:49.320 --> 30:52.240 +good question. Yes, Yes, libraries really + +30:52.240 --> 30:55.500 +can do a lot for that because that's where + +30:55.500 --> 30:58.300 +you get information. You get help finding + +30:58.300 --> 31:00.940 +information about it. You have things that + +31:00.940 --> 31:03.300 +are presented to you in such a way that it + +31:03.300 --> 31:07.100 +encourages you to read more and do + +31:07.100 --> 31:08.960 +projects that are related to the + +31:08.960 --> 31:11.640 +environment. And all of that is something + +31:11.640 --> 31:13.900 +that librarians really promote. Not + +31:13.900 --> 31:16.180 +everything is available just on the + +31:16.180 --> 31:20.600 +internet without being taught how to + +31:20.600 --> 31:23.440 +decide whether something is factual or + +31:23.440 --> 31:27.220 +not. Librarians work very hard in trying + +31:27.220 --> 31:30.700 +to teach students how to be good consumers + +31:30.700 --> 31:32.920 +of information and how to decide what's + +31:32.920 --> 31:36.300 +fact and what is fiction. Is there + +31:36.300 --> 31:38.200 +anything important that you think kids my + +31:38.200 --> 31:40.080 +age need to know or do to make sure the + +31:40.080 --> 31:42.020 +environment keeps getting better? What + +31:42.020 --> 31:44.060 +advice would you have for me? You should + +31:44.060 --> 31:46.740 +probably look for information, and your + +31:46.740 --> 31:48.940 +librarians might be able to recommend + +31:48.940 --> 31:51.580 +things to you that would have to do with + +31:51.580 --> 31:54.920 +the environment. Reading books that are + +31:54.920 --> 31:58.820 +even fiction that take place in different + +31:58.820 --> 32:00.680 +environmental settings that you become + +32:00.680 --> 32:03.900 +more aware of it. But I think that doing + +32:03.900 --> 32:07.680 +projects where you have to research all + +32:07.680 --> 32:10.040 +different angles of an environmental + +32:10.040 --> 32:12.460 +problem are one of the most valuable you + +32:12.460 --> 32:14.660 +could do. I think everyone needs to be + +32:14.660 --> 32:17.100 +more mindful every day with everything + +32:17.100 --> 32:21.080 +that they do, whether or not the + +32:21.080 --> 32:23.980 +environment can be impacted by their + +32:23.980 --> 32:29.080 +actions and to be educated about what they + +32:29.080 --> 32:35.240 +can do and to constantly get information + +32:35.240 --> 32:37.520 +about what they can do to help the + +32:37.520 --> 32:40.340 +environment. And most important of all, + +32:40.460 --> 32:44.240 +not to be wasteful. I remember when I was + +32:44.240 --> 32:47.140 +a fourth grade teacher, we were, I had a + +32:47.140 --> 32:50.360 +unit on trash and we were weighing our + +32:50.360 --> 32:53.040 +trash. We were competing against another + +32:53.040 --> 32:54.900 +classroom to see who could have the least + +32:54.900 --> 32:56.500 +amount of trash. We had a trash free + +32:56.500 --> 32:58.740 +lunch. These are all things I think we + +32:58.740 --> 33:00.680 +definitely could implement at our school. + +33:00.860 --> 33:05.340 +And I know that when kids are educated, + +33:05.620 --> 33:09.440 +they educate their parents. So I remember, + +33:09.500 --> 33:11.740 +you know, the difference. My own kids + +33:11.740 --> 33:13.000 +would come home after learning something + +33:13.000 --> 33:15.420 +at school. Hey, we learned this in school. + +33:15.480 --> 33:17.440 +Like, oh my gosh, that's, thank you. + +33:17.560 --> 33:20.520 +That's, I think that's a great idea. So I + +33:20.520 --> 33:22.860 +really think that we can impact the change + +33:22.860 --> 33:25.360 +of the adults by starting with our own + +33:25.360 --> 33:27.640 +kids at our school. I would tell them to + +33:27.640 --> 33:30.920 +be thankful. Thankful for the planet we + +33:30.920 --> 33:34.420 +have, which is wonderful. And we cannot + +33:34.420 --> 33:38.100 +waste it anymore. And we are doing a very + +33:38.100 --> 33:42.000 +good job cutting trees, polluting beaches. + +33:42.600 --> 33:45.620 +You cannot change the world by yourself, + +33:45.840 --> 33:47.680 +but you can change, as I told you, your + +33:47.680 --> 33:51.400 +life. If everyone introduced in their + +33:51.400 --> 33:54.720 +lives environmental policies, things would + +33:54.720 --> 33:57.340 +get better. And we are seeing it today. + +33:57.600 --> 34:00.040 +Things have changed in two weeks of + +34:00.040 --> 34:03.420 +seclusion. What I would tell them is to + +34:03.420 --> 34:05.640 +take care of themselves, to take care of + +34:05.640 --> 34:08.300 +their families, to take care of the + +34:08.300 --> 34:11.660 +children, of the old people, being more + +34:11.660 --> 34:15.200 +aware of one another. If we do that, of + +34:15.200 --> 34:18.480 +course, we will also lead a responsible + +34:18.480 --> 34:21.920 +life regarding weather, pollution and + +34:21.920 --> 34:24.400 +everything you tell me. What we really + +34:24.400 --> 34:27.320 +need and desperately are values, values, + +34:27.500 --> 34:30.900 +values, values. I am very sure because I'm + +34:30.900 --> 34:33.540 +very optimistic that this situation that + +34:33.540 --> 34:36.260 +we are going through right now is going to + +34:36.260 --> 34:39.260 +change the way we lead our lives. Well, + +34:39.380 --> 34:41.360 +now I'm going to say something very + +34:41.360 --> 34:45.340 +philosophical. It's up to you guys of your + +34:45.340 --> 34:49.000 +generation. so i think the more people + +34:49.000 --> 34:52.420 +like you of your age get interested and + +34:52.420 --> 34:56.740 +really concerned with how to fix some of + +34:56.740 --> 34:59.200 +the problems the better the planet the + +34:59.200 --> 35:02.040 +better off planet will be and all of us + +35:02.040 --> 35:07.220 +living on it so i think that uh they are + +35:07.220 --> 35:09.900 +enough activists of my generation + +35:09.900 --> 35:13.260 +generation and enough activists of our + +35:13.260 --> 35:17.140 +host generation to work it all together. + +35:17.420 --> 35:19.820 +And yes, I think there is a huge, strong + +35:19.820 --> 35:24.280 +chance, especially after this pandemic + +35:24.280 --> 35:26.820 +that we're living in right now. I'm hoping + +35:26.820 --> 35:30.080 +that it will serve as an amazing lesson to + +35:30.080 --> 35:32.620 +how quickly we can actually stop doing + +35:32.620 --> 35:35.460 +wrong things and bad things, shut down all + +35:35.460 --> 35:38.200 +the factories that are emitting all the + +35:38.200 --> 35:40.960 +terrible gases and the air is cleaning + +35:40.960 --> 35:43.800 +within three weeks the waters are cleaning + +35:43.800 --> 35:46.520 +within two weeks in the rivers if people + +35:46.520 --> 35:50.240 +stop adding pollutants into it so I think + +35:50.240 --> 35:52.580 +the planet is ready to cooperate with us + +35:52.580 --> 35:56.240 +and I think if countries governments + +35:56.240 --> 35:59.160 +people like you like me and like people + +35:59.160 --> 36:02.560 +who are doing this radio program today if + +36:02.560 --> 36:04.620 +we're all get our minds together I think + +36:04.620 --> 36:06.100 +in 50 years we can have have a clean + +36:06.100 --> 36:06.520 +environment. + +36:12.820 --> 36:15.500 +Can I just say, I am so impressed with our + +36:15.500 --> 36:17.460 +student interviewers and the questions + +36:17.460 --> 36:19.920 +that they've come up with. I'm just really + +36:19.920 --> 36:21.960 +glad they're asking about lessons learned + +36:21.960 --> 36:25.300 +and for messages that these adults want to + +36:25.300 --> 36:27.600 +share with their generation. I completely + +36:27.600 --> 36:29.700 +agree. I think talking about these + +36:29.700 --> 36:31.000 +environmental issues can be really + +36:31.000 --> 36:33.140 +disheartening sometimes, times, so I'm so + +36:33.140 --> 36:34.880 +glad to see how forward-thinking both our + +36:34.880 --> 36:37.720 +students and our adults are. I'm also + +36:37.720 --> 36:39.560 +really excited to see them thinking of + +36:39.560 --> 36:41.260 +climate change as an intergenerational + +36:41.260 --> 36:43.380 +issue and finding ways to share knowledge + +36:43.380 --> 36:45.900 +with each other. So I think this is a + +36:45.900 --> 36:48.100 +great point to transition over to hearing + +36:48.100 --> 36:49.920 +from the kids and their perspectives on + +36:49.920 --> 36:52.420 +the environment. But first, I'd like to + +36:52.420 --> 36:53.740 +take a quick moment to share another + +36:53.740 --> 36:57.300 +announcement about the coronavirus. Second + +36:57.300 --> 36:59.420 +Harvest of Silicon has always been + +36:59.420 --> 37:01.200 +committed to the most vulnerable in our + +37:01.200 --> 37:04.220 +community. During the COVID-19 outbreak, + +37:04.420 --> 37:06.960 +with its related economic impacts, your + +37:06.960 --> 37:08.740 +neighbors need your help now more than + +37:08.740 --> 37:11.220 +ever. You can donate food or provide + +37:11.220 --> 37:14.220 +monetary assistance. And if you're in good + +37:14.220 --> 37:16.320 +health and not in a high-risk category, + +37:16.680 --> 37:19.120 +you can also volunteer to pre-box or + +37:19.120 --> 37:22.020 +distribute food to those in need. For more + +37:22.020 --> 37:25.680 +information on how to help, visit shfb + +37:25.680 --> 37:31.960 +.org. That's shfb.org or call 866-234 + +37:31.960 --> 37:33.700 +-3663. + +37:35.480 --> 37:38.080 +Yeah, thanks Lexi. So to start off, we + +37:38.080 --> 37:39.840 +asked the students what they want to be + +37:39.840 --> 37:42.060 +when they're older to get a sense of what + +37:42.060 --> 37:43.960 +they're interested in and what they care + +37:43.960 --> 37:47.200 +about. So now let's meet all the students + +37:47.200 --> 37:53.740 +we'll be talking to today. today um + +37:53.740 --> 37:57.080 +my dream or my the job that i want to be + +37:57.080 --> 38:00.060 +like when i get older is a doctor so i can + +38:00.060 --> 38:03.620 +help people like that is like struggling + +38:03.620 --> 38:06.860 +with whatever stuff so like to save + +38:06.860 --> 38:10.460 +people's life like more than even one + +38:10.460 --> 38:13.280 +because every person is like can do every + +38:13.280 --> 38:15.280 +something that is affected to everything + +38:15.280 --> 38:17.800 +things when I'm older I really want to be + +38:17.800 --> 38:21.620 +a psychologist because I find just the + +38:21.620 --> 38:24.700 +brains of people to be very interesting + +38:24.700 --> 38:28.040 +and it's just so crazy to think that there + +38:28.040 --> 38:30.860 +are scientific things going on in people's + +38:30.860 --> 38:32.940 +heads when they do things and say things + +38:32.940 --> 38:36.120 +and I want to help others without having + +38:36.120 --> 38:37.760 +to look at blood because I can't be a + +38:37.760 --> 38:41.180 +doctor architecture because I really like + +38:41.180 --> 38:45.040 +um the The way how all of that process + +38:45.040 --> 38:48.200 +involved in making these amazing buildings + +38:49.300 --> 38:52.820 +or these amazing houses or bridges. I + +38:52.820 --> 38:55.560 +think the process is really cool. I want + +38:55.560 --> 38:59.320 +to be a lawyer. This is funny, but arguing + +38:59.320 --> 39:01.220 +has always been one of my specialties. + +39:02.160 --> 39:05.260 +Actually, a lot of people say that. And I + +39:05.260 --> 39:08.600 +always found law very interesting. Either + +39:08.600 --> 39:11.940 +a doctor to help save lives. And + +39:11.940 --> 39:14.060 +especially the doctors now who are helping + +39:14.060 --> 39:16.120 +with the coronavirus. Those people really + +39:16.120 --> 39:18.740 +inspire me. But I would also want to be a + +39:18.740 --> 39:22.480 +computer engineer. Like most people, I'm + +39:22.480 --> 39:24.880 +not sure yet. But I know that I definitely + +39:24.880 --> 39:26.820 +want to keep dance in my life because + +39:26.820 --> 39:28.820 +that's a big part of my life. And I also + +39:28.820 --> 39:30.740 +want to do something either like related + +39:30.740 --> 39:32.840 +to the environment or like helping people. + +39:33.000 --> 39:35.580 +So I might become an environmentalist or + +39:35.580 --> 39:38.020 +like a scientist or something. And I also + +39:38.020 --> 39:40.740 +really enjoy math. so there's a lot of + +39:40.740 --> 39:41.900 +options but I definitely want to do + +39:41.900 --> 39:44.100 +something that helps people and our + +39:44.100 --> 39:47.160 +environment I honestly want in the + +39:47.160 --> 39:49.260 +beginning I always wanted to be a movie + +39:49.260 --> 39:51.780 +director but these days I actually want to + +39:51.780 --> 39:54.540 +be either a um someone working in the + +39:54.540 --> 39:56.740 +broadcast team because I actually feel + +39:56.740 --> 39:58.180 +like I'm really good at recording things + +39:58.180 --> 40:00.920 +or I want to be game designer because + +40:00.920 --> 40:04.620 +usually I have um some interesting ideas I + +40:04.620 --> 40:06.700 +don't know kind of an undecided but I + +40:06.700 --> 40:07.920 +would like to do something creative + +40:07.920 --> 40:10.380 +because like I really like to like sing + +40:10.380 --> 40:13.180 +and draw that kind of stuff even though + +40:13.180 --> 40:16.940 +it's kind of risky but I don't know. I + +40:16.940 --> 40:19.740 +want to be an architect because I want to + +40:19.740 --> 40:22.420 +I know that a lot of people need homes and + +40:22.420 --> 40:24.780 +I want to make sure everyone can find + +40:24.780 --> 40:27.680 +affordable affordable housing. I really + +40:27.680 --> 40:30.940 +enjoy working with animals so like I go + +40:30.940 --> 40:33.660 +out on the farm and all that like with + +40:33.660 --> 40:36.760 +horses especially and maybe like designer + +40:36.760 --> 40:40.700 +for animals like like not like clothes but + +40:40.700 --> 40:43.340 +like for horses for example like saddles + +40:43.340 --> 40:46.760 +and stuff like that I kind of like coding + +40:46.760 --> 40:49.880 +so potentially something related to coding + +40:49.880 --> 40:52.740 +or software development the way you can + +40:52.740 --> 40:55.080 +express what you want to do and make + +40:55.080 --> 40:59.660 +something that is your own? A job where I + +40:59.660 --> 41:02.980 +have power to make like decisions and + +41:02.980 --> 41:07.800 +impact because well I've grown up like in + +41:07.800 --> 41:10.100 +a place where like my parents were making + +41:10.100 --> 41:12.920 +decisions that impacted people and I think + +41:12.920 --> 41:14.760 +that I could really use that for the good. + +41:15.020 --> 41:17.160 +I definitely want to be something that + +41:17.160 --> 41:20.220 +like positively impacts people in the + +41:20.220 --> 41:23.740 +environment such as like a doctor or like + +41:23.740 --> 41:25.580 +a a scientist that studies the + +41:25.580 --> 41:26.060 +environment. + +41:31.740 --> 41:34.040 +These are some really cool kids who + +41:34.040 --> 41:35.860 +certainly aspire to make the world a + +41:35.860 --> 41:37.560 +better place in any way that they can. + +41:37.860 --> 41:39.580 +Yeah, they're such an awesome mix of + +41:39.580 --> 41:41.900 +interests, and they're all clearly very + +41:41.900 --> 41:44.640 +thoughtful and compassionate. I also think + +41:44.640 --> 41:46.760 +it's important for our listeners to know + +41:46.760 --> 41:49.400 +that these kids were not selected because + +41:49.400 --> 41:51.240 +they had extensive backgrounds in + +41:51.240 --> 41:53.660 +environmental science, but because they + +41:53.660 --> 41:55.640 +have a wide variety of interests ranging + +41:55.640 --> 41:58.900 +from sustainability to public speaking to + +41:58.900 --> 42:02.200 +audio production and journalism. That's + +42:02.200 --> 42:04.200 +right. Although we do have students who + +42:04.200 --> 42:05.360 +are involved in their school's + +42:05.360 --> 42:08.100 +environmentally focused club, we also have + +42:08.100 --> 42:09.640 +students from their broadcasting program + +42:09.640 --> 42:12.400 +and student leadership as well. They'll + +42:12.400 --> 42:13.620 +definitely bring some really cool + +42:13.620 --> 42:15.820 +perspectives to this conversation. So + +42:15.820 --> 42:17.060 +let's go ahead and dive into these + +42:17.060 --> 42:18.560 +interviews and hear what they have to say. + +42:23.900 --> 42:26.060 +Thank you all so much for agreeing to + +42:26.060 --> 42:27.800 +speak with us. And we're so excited to + +42:27.800 --> 42:29.480 +hear what you have to say about today's + +42:29.480 --> 42:31.540 +environmental issues and your visions for + +42:31.540 --> 42:34.000 +the future. But to start off, just so + +42:34.000 --> 42:36.180 +we're all on the same page, how would you + +42:36.180 --> 42:38.480 +define the environment? In other words, + +42:38.480 --> 42:40.460 +what does the environment mean to you? + +42:41.360 --> 42:43.940 +When I think about environment, I see like + +42:43.940 --> 42:48.160 +green and I see like trees and bushes and + +42:48.160 --> 42:51.400 +flowers. flowers, and I see it as like a + +42:51.400 --> 42:55.000 +pretty thing, I guess. I just think about + +42:55.000 --> 42:56.360 +like the earth when I think about + +42:56.360 --> 42:59.180 +environment and like saving it and helping + +42:59.180 --> 43:01.720 +it grow so the next generations can + +43:01.720 --> 43:05.460 +experience the earth we see. When I hear + +43:05.460 --> 43:07.840 +environment, I think a lot about nature. + +43:07.920 --> 43:10.840 +So I think about like trees and grass and + +43:10.840 --> 43:13.340 +so in the environment, some words that + +43:13.340 --> 43:16.620 +come to mind are rain, sun, but also Also + +43:16.620 --> 43:19.340 +things like climate change and drought. + +43:19.820 --> 43:22.580 +And so when I think of the environment, I + +43:22.580 --> 43:24.000 +just think of a lot of people trying to + +43:24.000 --> 43:27.060 +get together to improve something. And I + +43:27.060 --> 43:28.360 +know that there's a lot of ways to help + +43:28.360 --> 43:30.600 +the environment. And there's a lot of + +43:30.600 --> 43:31.920 +things that we're doing that have also + +43:31.920 --> 43:34.000 +impacted the environment negatively. It's + +43:34.000 --> 43:35.780 +something that we're all trying to make a + +43:35.780 --> 43:38.080 +better place. And I hope that we can do + +43:38.080 --> 43:42.140 +that. A huge place that people need to + +43:42.140 --> 43:45.200 +stay. Maybe it's kind of weird, But like + +43:45.200 --> 43:48.120 +we need the environment to like stay alive + +43:48.120 --> 43:50.420 +or like stay healthy. And like if we kind + +43:50.420 --> 43:52.520 +of destroy this, it just like make + +43:52.520 --> 43:55.020 +everything like crash into like multiple + +43:55.020 --> 43:58.080 +pieces and like make everything bad. So + +43:58.080 --> 44:02.980 +it's my home. It's where I live. So to see + +44:02.980 --> 44:04.980 +it kind of like crumble with all this + +44:04.980 --> 44:07.380 +pollution and all this plastic being + +44:07.380 --> 44:12.100 +littered, it really is sad. And what do + +44:12.100 --> 44:13.900 +you think of when you hear the term + +44:13.900 --> 44:17.340 +climate change? Climate change is like + +44:17.340 --> 44:20.140 +mainly human impact and what humans are + +44:20.140 --> 44:23.440 +doing to the environment, such as like + +44:23.440 --> 44:26.360 +burning fossil fuels. I mean, when I'm + +44:26.360 --> 44:29.080 +hearing climate change, I'm literally + +44:29.080 --> 44:31.240 +imagining a sun with like little + +44:31.240 --> 44:33.420 +sunglasses looking at the earth and + +44:33.420 --> 44:34.760 +getting closer and closer together. + +44:34.760 --> 44:37.240 +together then I think about icebergs and + +44:37.240 --> 44:38.960 +how they're melting and then the polar + +44:38.960 --> 44:41.160 +bears who are in those barren lands that + +44:41.160 --> 44:42.760 +don't have a lot of ice because all the + +44:42.760 --> 44:45.260 +icebergs are melting and then I start + +44:45.260 --> 44:47.420 +thinking of like greenhouses because of + +44:47.420 --> 44:50.100 +greenhouse gases and then I start thinking + +44:50.100 --> 44:51.880 +of cows because they produce the most + +44:51.880 --> 44:54.460 +greenhouse gases because methane and then + +44:54.460 --> 44:57.060 +I think of cars because pollution and + +44:57.060 --> 44:59.200 +there's all these things I start thinking + +44:59.200 --> 45:02.480 +of and then it just leads down to nothing. + +45:03.600 --> 45:08.040 +That's dark, but that's reality. It kind + +45:08.040 --> 45:10.440 +of makes me scared because like, if this + +45:10.440 --> 45:13.580 +problem just like, goes like further and + +45:13.580 --> 45:16.720 +further, I feel like I can't live in this + +45:16.720 --> 45:18.460 +environment right now. So I'm kind of + +45:18.460 --> 45:21.360 +scared right now. So and everyone's like + +45:21.360 --> 45:23.340 +talking, I'm going to unworry about it. So + +45:23.340 --> 45:25.920 +I'm like, kind of worried and scared every + +45:25.920 --> 45:28.640 +time I heard that word. Can you think of + +45:28.640 --> 45:30.800 +and describe to me a specific time when + +45:30.800 --> 45:32.500 +something that seemed related to climate + +45:32.500 --> 45:35.280 +change impacted your life? So in + +45:35.280 --> 45:40.640 +California recently, there have been some + +45:40.640 --> 45:43.680 +fires and pretty big ones, like really big + +45:43.680 --> 45:47.760 +wildfires. And that's due to how the + +45:47.760 --> 45:52.840 +increase of heat in our atmosphere. And it + +45:52.840 --> 45:55.120 +makes, if you have like dried out grass, + +45:55.340 --> 45:57.100 +it can maybe like start fires and it can + +45:57.100 --> 46:00.060 +destroy so much and contaminate people's + +46:00.060 --> 46:03.320 +homes. and it's really sad because it's + +46:03.320 --> 46:07.880 +really destructive. That was a really big + +46:07.880 --> 46:10.120 +moment to a lot of people. Something that + +46:10.120 --> 46:12.580 +really impacted me, one where there were + +46:12.580 --> 46:15.240 +the fires in North California because I + +46:15.240 --> 46:18.100 +remember at school, we would always smell + +46:18.100 --> 46:21.680 +smoke everywhere and then we had to have + +46:21.680 --> 46:25.320 +the power shut off and also something that + +46:25.320 --> 46:28.840 +didn't necessarily impact me, but I've + +46:28.840 --> 46:31.880 +heard a lot about the fires in Australia. + +46:32.680 --> 46:35.620 +And then so like, I really feel for like + +46:35.620 --> 46:38.360 +the people and the animals that had to go + +46:38.360 --> 46:40.840 +through that. Only when I got to Korea + +46:40.840 --> 46:43.020 +that far I feel like it affects me. Like I + +46:43.020 --> 46:44.940 +said, there's so much yellow dust going + +46:44.940 --> 46:48.540 +around. This is something about factories + +46:48.540 --> 46:52.280 +producing too much smoke and dust are + +46:52.280 --> 46:55.520 +blowing into Korea. Yeah, so we have to + +46:55.520 --> 46:58.280 +suffer because some factories are putting + +46:58.280 --> 47:03.000 +their smoke into our country. I think I + +47:03.000 --> 47:06.240 +hear a lot about what's kind of going on + +47:06.240 --> 47:08.720 +in the environmental field and + +47:08.720 --> 47:11.320 +specifically in the realm of climate + +47:11.320 --> 47:14.920 +change. And I've heard people become less + +47:14.920 --> 47:20.480 +and less optimistic over time. Just in + +47:20.480 --> 47:21.240 +general, yeah. + +47:27.420 --> 47:29.720 +For those of you that are just joining us, + +47:29.840 --> 47:32.140 +you are listening to the Happy Birthday + +47:32.140 --> 47:35.680 +Earth Day 50th Anniversary Special on KCSU + +47:35.680 --> 47:40.960 +Stanford 90.1. We just heard from 13 + +47:40.960 --> 47:42.780 +middle school students about the ways in + +47:42.780 --> 47:44.520 +which climate change has influenced their + +47:44.520 --> 47:46.460 +lives. But what I found particularly + +47:46.460 --> 47:48.640 +striking about this conversation was how + +47:48.640 --> 47:50.540 +much the students were aware of not only + +47:50.540 --> 47:52.900 +climate change's impact on themselves, but + +47:52.900 --> 47:55.820 +also on their community at large. Yeah, I + +47:55.820 --> 47:58.020 +agree. They're picking up on so many + +47:58.020 --> 48:00.880 +nuanced and complex issues. It feels like + +48:00.880 --> 48:03.000 +adults sometimes underestimate young + +48:03.000 --> 48:05.240 +people and their ability to see the bigger + +48:05.240 --> 48:08.320 +picture. But hearing about how they see + +48:08.320 --> 48:10.620 +climate change has really shown me how + +48:10.620 --> 48:13.400 +incredibly perceptive and capable they + +48:13.400 --> 48:17.960 +really are. That's right, and I think it's + +48:17.960 --> 48:20.100 +super important to recognize because they + +48:20.100 --> 48:21.760 +will be shaping the future of our planet. + +48:22.220 --> 48:23.680 +Let's hear a little more from them about + +48:23.680 --> 48:25.160 +what they expect the world will look like + +48:25.160 --> 48:27.060 +at the 100th anniversary of Earth Day. + +48:32.700 --> 48:35.280 +As you know, this year is the 50th + +48:35.280 --> 48:37.200 +anniversary of Earth Day, and the + +48:37.200 --> 48:39.200 +environment has changed in a number of + +48:39.200 --> 48:42.320 +ways since that very first one. So let's + +48:42.320 --> 48:45.300 +imagine 50 years from now. Really take a + +48:45.300 --> 48:47.660 +minute to imagine that. You'll be just + +48:47.660 --> 48:50.520 +over 60 years old. You may have a partner, + +48:50.700 --> 48:53.900 +children of your own. You might be doctors + +48:53.900 --> 48:57.520 +and architects, environmentalists. Think + +48:57.520 --> 48:59.320 +about what the world might look like then. + +48:59.960 --> 49:02.180 +What can you imagine the environment will + +49:02.180 --> 49:04.080 +be like? What do you think will have + +49:04.080 --> 49:06.300 +changed and what will have stayed the + +49:06.300 --> 49:10.780 +same? our impact on the earth could go two + +49:10.780 --> 49:14.320 +ways one is that like if we continue this + +49:14.320 --> 49:16.900 +path that we're going in the earth will + +49:16.900 --> 49:21.700 +definitely like not thrive but however um + +49:21.700 --> 49:24.720 +if we make a bunch of little changes and + +49:24.720 --> 49:27.700 +we like change our lifestyle and how we + +49:27.700 --> 49:32.900 +live then the earth will definitely like + +49:32.900 --> 49:36.520 +like stay the same or even like go back to + +49:36.520 --> 49:40.100 +how like it was like years prior but like + +49:40.100 --> 49:43.260 +as I said before if like we continue this + +49:43.260 --> 49:45.980 +path that we're going through now like + +49:45.980 --> 49:48.460 +we're like burning so many fossil fuels + +49:48.460 --> 49:51.720 +and like driving everywhere and like um + +49:51.720 --> 49:55.860 +and like wasting so much food and and + +49:55.860 --> 49:58.540 +things and that will definitely drive the + +49:58.540 --> 50:03.060 +earth to like not um be how it is now and + +50:03.060 --> 50:06.420 +how it was before although i would like + +50:06.420 --> 50:09.420 +everyone to like make a change it doesn't + +50:09.420 --> 50:12.340 +seem like it's happening right now the + +50:12.340 --> 50:14.240 +thing that most looks most likely + +50:14.240 --> 50:17.660 +currently is that um it will continue + +50:17.660 --> 50:21.580 +moving in this path and the earth won't + +50:21.580 --> 50:21.980 +survive + +50:24.980 --> 50:29.460 +I feel like the grass isn't going to be as + +50:29.460 --> 50:32.660 +green technology is going to like take + +50:32.660 --> 50:36.140 +over I feel like now people are starting + +50:36.140 --> 50:38.060 +to figure out like more about the + +50:38.060 --> 50:39.480 +environment they're trying to help it more + +50:39.480 --> 50:42.860 +so I think that with more buildings and + +50:42.860 --> 50:45.220 +everything happening I think that people + +50:45.220 --> 50:47.700 +more people will start to like help out so + +50:47.700 --> 50:50.700 +we can have a good balance of both things + +50:50.700 --> 50:53.640 +and I think that if more and more people + +50:53.640 --> 50:55.480 +come together and try to help the + +50:55.480 --> 50:57.480 +environment we can make a big difference + +50:57.480 --> 50:59.880 +and in 50 years we can have helped the + +50:59.880 --> 51:02.400 +environment while still developing our + +51:02.400 --> 51:06.020 +economy but not like ruining the + +51:06.020 --> 51:07.680 +environment in a way. It would probably + +51:07.680 --> 51:10.140 +get worse before it gets better so + +51:10.140 --> 51:12.040 +probably there There would be higher sea + +51:12.040 --> 51:14.160 +levels. There would have been more fires, + +51:14.160 --> 51:16.160 +more deforestation, but then it will have + +51:16.160 --> 51:18.640 +started. Hopefully it will be better by + +51:18.640 --> 51:21.420 +then. There will be less plastic in the + +51:21.420 --> 51:24.060 +ocean. The temperatures will start going + +51:24.060 --> 51:26.860 +down. We'll stop burning so much fossil + +51:26.860 --> 51:31.500 +fuels. Probably once it starts actually + +51:31.500 --> 51:34.460 +affecting the people who have power to + +51:34.460 --> 51:38.120 +make the changes that will stop it getting + +51:38.120 --> 51:39.960 +worse, Once it actually starts affecting + +51:39.960 --> 51:43.820 +those people, then it will likely start + +51:43.820 --> 51:45.640 +getting better. Once it starts affecting + +51:45.640 --> 51:47.100 +the people who have power. + +51:53.780 --> 51:55.900 +It sounds to me like they are really aware + +51:55.900 --> 51:57.880 +of how decisions made right now will + +51:57.880 --> 51:59.300 +dramatically influence what the world + +51:59.300 --> 52:01.600 +looks like in the future. That we are at a + +52:01.600 --> 52:03.320 +turning point and that we need to have a + +52:03.320 --> 52:06.480 +plan of action. Definitely. So let's hear + +52:06.480 --> 52:08.320 +more about what they see as the biggest + +52:08.320 --> 52:11.640 +environmental threats and about how we can + +52:11.640 --> 52:12.320 +overcome them. + +52:17.700 --> 52:19.700 +Can you describe what you think is the + +52:19.700 --> 52:21.560 +most important environmental issue facing + +52:21.560 --> 52:23.820 +our society today, in your opinion, and + +52:23.820 --> 52:27.400 +why it's important? I find that global + +52:27.400 --> 52:30.360 +warming is a main problem, problem mainly + +52:30.360 --> 52:33.300 +because um the glaciers are melting um + +52:33.300 --> 52:36.300 +well if the glaciers melt um we'll + +52:36.300 --> 52:38.860 +probably all flooded like i said anything + +52:38.860 --> 52:41.860 +that um any diseases or anything really + +52:41.860 --> 52:44.680 +terrifying um is in the glacier might come + +52:44.680 --> 52:46.820 +out who knows what's in those glaciers we + +52:46.820 --> 52:49.100 +haven't explored them yet so if they do + +52:49.100 --> 52:51.980 +melt then um you'll make your jobs of + +52:51.980 --> 52:54.300 +finding what's in there easier in a bad + +52:54.300 --> 52:59.940 +way um i think that it's uh air pollution + +52:59.940 --> 53:04.060 +because like it's something that impacts + +53:04.060 --> 53:06.060 +every single one of us that are on this + +53:06.060 --> 53:08.940 +earth right now and it's been impacting us + +53:08.940 --> 53:11.300 +but i think it would grow and it wouldn't + +53:11.300 --> 53:13.500 +just impact some people it'd impact the + +53:13.500 --> 53:18.100 +world as a whole um i think like plastic + +53:18.100 --> 53:20.140 +and trash issues that are like one of the + +53:20.140 --> 53:23.220 +most hardest problems to fix or like + +53:23.220 --> 53:24.780 +problems that we're facing that is + +53:24.780 --> 53:29.220 +difficult because like recycling and like + +53:29.220 --> 53:30.840 +plastic and other stuff we can do + +53:30.840 --> 53:32.820 +something with it but people are not like + +53:32.820 --> 53:35.540 +maybe they're like trying but we're not + +53:35.540 --> 53:38.540 +we're not doing that well like a good job + +53:38.540 --> 53:41.060 +right now so I read an article about trash + +53:41.060 --> 53:43.720 +and there's like huge like mountains of + +53:43.720 --> 53:46.640 +trash and like near the ocean or the bay + +53:46.640 --> 53:49.020 +or something and like that's affecting our + +53:49.020 --> 53:51.560 +environment a lot and I got like really + +53:51.560 --> 53:53.520 +scared because like I didn't know about + +53:53.520 --> 53:56.120 +trash because I'm throwing in the trash + +53:56.120 --> 53:59.440 +and like if I see other people are doing + +53:59.440 --> 54:02.880 +like this I feel like oh maybe I need to + +54:02.880 --> 54:05.940 +do a better job or do something for to + +54:05.940 --> 54:09.600 +make them rethink about what how the trash + +54:09.600 --> 54:11.820 +and plastics are destroying the + +54:11.820 --> 54:16.000 +environment the amount of plastic that are + +54:16.000 --> 54:18.900 +is like in the world right now because + +54:18.900 --> 54:24.120 +plastic just well in order to make plastic + +54:24.120 --> 54:27.000 +you also like have to reduce a lot of + +54:27.000 --> 54:29.720 +chemicals into the atmosphere which + +54:29.720 --> 54:32.060 +worsens it and plastic can't be like + +54:32.060 --> 54:35.800 +broken down for a very long time and like + +54:35.800 --> 54:38.500 +it's going to take a lot of years so it + +54:38.500 --> 54:40.700 +just lays there in the ocean and + +54:40.700 --> 54:46.300 +eventually the ocean will just like be + +54:46.300 --> 54:48.320 +filled with a lot of plastic. It already + +54:48.320 --> 54:51.880 +is, but if it continues to be like this, + +54:51.940 --> 54:54.400 +it's going to like be made of plastic + +54:54.400 --> 54:57.940 +almost-ish. So really plastic is the main + +54:57.940 --> 55:01.260 +thing I'm focusing on because it comes in + +55:01.260 --> 55:04.340 +a lot of packages and so many people don't + +55:04.340 --> 55:06.680 +just like throw it on the floor, throw it + +55:06.680 --> 55:09.160 +at the beach. A lot of beaches you just + +55:09.160 --> 55:10.980 +see a little plastic, but at this beach I + +55:10.980 --> 55:13.520 +went to, it was just so much plastic. + +55:14.000 --> 55:16.960 +Actually walking on plastic, like that was + +55:16.960 --> 55:21.880 +a whole different story. Trash. Filling up + +55:21.880 --> 55:24.580 +our earth with landfills when, you know, + +55:24.640 --> 55:27.440 +space is finite. We're eventually going to + +55:27.440 --> 55:30.580 +run out. So I always just wonder what I'm + +55:30.580 --> 55:33.680 +going to do then, you know. Live on the + +55:33.680 --> 55:37.660 +same planet, right? We're killing it. You + +55:37.660 --> 55:39.900 +know, again, trash is bad for the + +55:39.900 --> 55:42.780 +environment. We have to destroy forests to + +55:42.780 --> 55:45.380 +make way for landfills. And obviously, + +55:45.520 --> 55:47.120 +another problem is with the more forests + +55:47.120 --> 55:48.480 +you destroy, the less oxygen we're + +55:48.480 --> 55:50.280 +getting. Because, you know, plants and + +55:50.280 --> 55:53.580 +trees transfer CO2 to oxygen. And, you + +55:53.580 --> 55:57.460 +know, we breathe oxygen. Now, walk me + +55:57.460 --> 55:59.840 +through an action that we can take to + +55:59.840 --> 56:02.740 +address some of those issues. choose um + +56:02.740 --> 56:05.380 +this may be like really simple and like + +56:05.380 --> 56:08.220 +people are taught to but like just like + +56:08.220 --> 56:12.960 +split or try not to use trash because if + +56:12.960 --> 56:15.220 +we use like recyclable water bottle or + +56:15.220 --> 56:17.920 +like container or stuff that like amount + +56:17.920 --> 56:20.620 +of plastic can be reduced like a lot well + +56:20.620 --> 56:24.760 +you can for sure reuse stuff that are + +56:24.760 --> 56:28.340 +plastic or even not. I've always, I like + +56:28.340 --> 56:30.900 +use public transportation a lot. And I + +56:30.900 --> 56:33.980 +think that like, like that's just a really + +56:33.980 --> 56:36.860 +easy way that we can help out use public + +56:36.860 --> 56:39.080 +transportation because not only is it + +56:39.080 --> 56:40.380 +going to help the environment, but like + +56:40.380 --> 56:42.560 +we've become so disconnected in this + +56:42.560 --> 56:43.920 +world. I feel like it could bring us + +56:43.920 --> 56:46.300 +together more. And also like the + +56:46.300 --> 56:48.860 +experiences that happen when you're with + +56:48.860 --> 56:51.780 +other people really shapes who you are. I + +56:51.780 --> 56:54.980 +feel like if we all planted more trees in + +56:54.980 --> 56:57.120 +our neighborhoods or in local parks, that + +56:57.120 --> 57:00.440 +would be really helpful. And if there's + +57:00.440 --> 57:02.940 +like any bills that could be passed, I'm + +57:02.940 --> 57:04.500 +sure there are a lot of proposed bills. + +57:04.500 --> 57:07.980 +and then honestly just reducing shower + +57:07.980 --> 57:12.240 +times and like just trying to use solar + +57:12.240 --> 57:15.100 +panels or like wind-powered things to just + +57:15.100 --> 57:18.100 +use less of like the electrical like fuels + +57:18.100 --> 57:20.300 +I feel like that would definitely be + +57:20.300 --> 57:23.740 +useful more hybrid cars and electric cars + +57:23.740 --> 57:27.340 +you just need to just like make people + +57:27.340 --> 57:30.900 +feel like it's important to save the + +57:30.900 --> 57:32.720 +environment I mean people love a good + +57:32.720 --> 57:34.460 +bargain so anything that That would help + +57:34.460 --> 57:36.220 +them save money, whether that's lowered + +57:36.220 --> 57:37.920 +tax rates because they have an electric + +57:37.920 --> 57:41.840 +car or if they get some sort of like tax + +57:41.840 --> 57:45.180 +refund because they planted a tree. I + +57:45.180 --> 57:48.100 +think that everyone can just take a bunch + +57:48.100 --> 57:52.480 +of like small steps towards the issue. For + +57:52.480 --> 57:55.300 +example, choosing to walk or bike or like + +57:55.300 --> 57:59.200 +scooter rather than driving somewhere and + +57:59.200 --> 58:01.820 +just being mindful of like everything that + +58:01.820 --> 58:05.900 +you do before you do it. So I know there's + +58:05.900 --> 58:07.660 +a lot to be worried about, and you may be + +58:07.660 --> 58:09.460 +feeling that especially right now with the + +58:09.460 --> 58:12.020 +coronavirus pandemic. But one thing that + +58:12.020 --> 58:13.920 +we're really interested in as people who + +58:13.920 --> 58:15.740 +work on environmental issues is what makes + +58:15.740 --> 58:18.040 +people hopeful, what makes people believe + +58:18.040 --> 58:19.480 +that there will be a better future ahead. + +58:19.900 --> 58:22.260 +So to that end, what makes you hopeful for + +58:22.260 --> 58:23.860 +the future of the environment and why? + +58:25.800 --> 58:30.440 +Honestly, because if you don't hope, then + +58:30.440 --> 58:34.780 +what is there to be? I mean, if you're not + +58:34.780 --> 58:35.920 +hoping that things are going to get + +58:35.920 --> 58:37.160 +better, things just aren't going to get + +58:37.160 --> 58:38.540 +better because you're not actively doing + +58:38.540 --> 58:41.160 +something against it. Even if it is just + +58:41.160 --> 58:43.240 +recycling, you're obviously hoping that + +58:43.240 --> 58:46.480 +you're going to make a difference. The + +58:46.480 --> 58:49.780 +little things that everyone does. The + +58:49.780 --> 58:53.280 +plants growing, even though we've had + +58:53.280 --> 58:57.360 +challenges and destruction in our earth, + +58:57.500 --> 59:01.120 +makes me hopeful. that they'll continue to + +59:01.120 --> 59:06.280 +keep growing for the next generations. How + +59:06.280 --> 59:09.140 +awareness has spread, as well as the + +59:09.140 --> 59:12.320 +younger generation has really seen the + +59:12.320 --> 59:16.460 +evolution of how the problem has been + +59:16.460 --> 59:19.160 +impacting us. So I think that we'd be more + +59:19.160 --> 59:21.720 +inspired and more driven to solve this + +59:21.720 --> 59:23.700 +problem. And I think that's what is really + +59:23.700 --> 59:27.980 +giving hope to me. electric cars in recent + +59:27.980 --> 59:31.520 +years have sort of boomed there's they + +59:31.520 --> 59:33.580 +went from being maybe like five or ten + +59:33.580 --> 59:36.700 +years ago like a handful that had a very + +59:36.700 --> 59:39.220 +short range and weren't very popular and + +59:39.220 --> 59:42.300 +now tons of brands are coming out with + +59:42.300 --> 59:45.420 +their electric cars and electric cars i'm + +59:45.420 --> 59:47.260 +seeing more and more of them on the street + +59:47.260 --> 59:51.320 +i mean i think people like elon musk who + +59:51.320 --> 59:55.200 +are working towards having a better or + +59:55.200 --> 59:58.820 +future for the earth. So he made Teslas, + +59:58.820 --> 01:00:01.880 +like electric cars, not sponsored. That + +01:00:01.880 --> 01:00:04.420 +makes me really hopeful because I'm sure + +01:00:04.420 --> 01:00:06.060 +there are all these people in colleges + +01:00:06.060 --> 01:00:07.840 +right now who are trying to be the next + +01:00:07.840 --> 01:00:10.760 +Elon Musk. I know that there will just be + +01:00:10.760 --> 01:00:12.320 +more and more of those people, which means + +01:00:12.320 --> 01:00:14.700 +more and more solutions to these giant + +01:00:14.700 --> 01:00:16.920 +problems. That people are like releasing + +01:00:16.920 --> 01:00:20.860 +these animals that have been injured by + +01:00:20.860 --> 01:00:24.980 +plastic or oil. it makes me feel good that + +01:00:24.980 --> 01:00:27.720 +people here still have a heart so it gives + +01:00:27.720 --> 01:00:30.580 +me a little hope that maybe we can still + +01:00:30.580 --> 01:00:34.680 +do it well right now schools are really + +01:00:34.680 --> 01:00:36.980 +like teaching more about the problems and + +01:00:36.980 --> 01:00:39.220 +that's better so the students will + +01:00:39.220 --> 01:00:41.660 +probably like understand at least most of + +01:00:41.660 --> 01:00:44.400 +them and they'll probably do something at + +01:00:44.400 --> 01:00:47.720 +least to help the environment when there + +01:00:47.720 --> 01:00:50.180 +used to be school well until all this + +01:00:50.180 --> 01:00:53.600 +pandemic oh I would always bike around the + +01:00:53.600 --> 01:00:56.620 +same time to school and near Goodwill I + +01:00:56.620 --> 01:01:01.500 +would always see an like a lady more on + +01:01:01.500 --> 01:01:06.760 +the old side and every single morning she + +01:01:06.760 --> 01:01:08.980 +would wake up early and go and collect + +01:01:08.980 --> 01:01:12.080 +trash around Goodwill like whenever I saw + +01:01:12.080 --> 01:01:13.500 +her I would always say good good morning + +01:01:13.500 --> 01:01:16.100 +and I was like I was so happy like when I + +01:01:16.100 --> 01:01:18.880 +saw her because every single day she went + +01:01:18.880 --> 01:01:21.520 +out it was hard sometimes it was raining + +01:01:21.520 --> 01:01:23.960 +but she always collected at least a bag of + +01:01:23.960 --> 01:01:26.780 +trash in the morning if I at least like + +01:01:26.780 --> 01:01:29.980 +see someone trying to help an environment + +01:01:29.980 --> 01:01:32.880 +it does like really make me like huge hope + +01:01:32.880 --> 01:01:35.700 +that like oh there's at least some person + +01:01:35.700 --> 01:01:38.200 +like one person that's helping the + +01:01:38.200 --> 01:01:40.360 +environment if there's like more people + +01:01:40.360 --> 01:01:43.000 +just like try to help the environment. I + +01:01:43.000 --> 01:01:45.300 +think lots of people really think strongly + +01:01:45.300 --> 01:01:47.960 +about this and if they all just keep + +01:01:47.960 --> 01:01:51.720 +persisting maybe many others will also + +01:01:52.980 --> 01:01:56.960 +contribute to these ideas and thoughts. I + +01:01:56.960 --> 01:02:00.100 +see a lot of people coming together to do + +01:02:00.100 --> 01:02:01.680 +the right thing that makes me hopeful + +01:02:01.680 --> 01:02:04.760 +because it shows that people like do care + +01:02:04.760 --> 01:02:06.580 +about our environment and they They want + +01:02:06.580 --> 01:02:08.880 +us to live in the best place that we can, + +01:02:09.020 --> 01:02:11.460 +and they're doing their part. And I think + +01:02:11.460 --> 01:02:13.680 +that also when you see people doing their + +01:02:13.680 --> 01:02:15.340 +part, it makes you want to do your part. + +01:02:15.600 --> 01:02:17.780 +And then it just like builds this + +01:02:17.780 --> 01:02:20.400 +community of people doing the best that + +01:02:20.400 --> 01:02:22.180 +they can to preserve everything they can. + +01:02:22.360 --> 01:02:24.320 +I know this happens to me all the time, + +01:02:24.340 --> 01:02:26.220 +and it's kind of off topic. My grandma + +01:02:26.220 --> 01:02:28.980 +loves to keep the sink on, like on dirty + +01:02:28.980 --> 01:02:31.000 +dishes, and I always tell her to stop. And + +01:02:31.000 --> 01:02:33.060 +even like little things like that are + +01:02:33.060 --> 01:02:34.640 +helping the environment because it's not + +01:02:34.640 --> 01:02:38.440 +wasting water. and when I do it it gives + +01:02:38.440 --> 01:02:40.920 +me hope because I'm showing that I care + +01:02:40.920 --> 01:02:42.560 +and that also gives me hope that more and + +01:02:42.560 --> 01:02:44.200 +more people will start to do it and then + +01:02:44.200 --> 01:02:45.760 +we can make an even bigger difference. + +01:02:47.820 --> 01:02:51.180 +Well every year I invite you a new edition + +01:02:51.180 --> 01:02:55.380 +of a Times recap or something basically it + +01:02:55.380 --> 01:02:57.340 +tells every single thing that happens last + +01:02:57.340 --> 01:02:59.660 +year. I usually look back and try looking + +01:02:59.660 --> 01:03:03.160 +at everything that happened during global + +01:03:03.160 --> 01:03:06.100 +warming. Sometimes it will be bad, like, I + +01:03:06.100 --> 01:03:08.720 +don't know. The one I'm reading right now + +01:03:08.720 --> 01:03:12.080 +said that the glaciers have two giant + +01:03:12.080 --> 01:03:15.740 +chunks have fallen off the glacier. So + +01:03:15.740 --> 01:03:18.620 +that shows that's going closer to global + +01:03:18.620 --> 01:03:21.620 +warming and is taking place. That part + +01:03:21.620 --> 01:03:24.060 +kind of creeps me out. But also I found + +01:03:24.060 --> 01:03:27.700 +other good news, like people in British + +01:03:27.700 --> 01:03:29.720 +are actually now complaining about the + +01:03:29.720 --> 01:03:32.060 +global warming. School students in high + +01:03:32.060 --> 01:03:33.900 +school are taking part and started + +01:03:33.900 --> 01:03:37.960 +rallying in the streets in 2019. I find + +01:03:37.960 --> 01:03:42.000 +that more people are being more aware of + +01:03:42.000 --> 01:03:45.340 +global warming. Actually, that itself + +01:03:45.340 --> 01:03:46.960 +gives me hope that people are not trying + +01:03:46.960 --> 01:03:49.460 +to take action and that some people are + +01:03:49.460 --> 01:03:52.100 +standing up to the people who are actually + +01:03:52.100 --> 01:03:56.200 +causing all this trouble. That part gives + +01:03:56.200 --> 01:03:57.180 +me hope. + +01:04:00.500 --> 01:04:03.420 +It makes me hopeful that there's a whole + +01:04:03.420 --> 01:04:06.340 +new generation. And if they grow up + +01:04:06.340 --> 01:04:09.100 +hearing this message over and over, then + +01:04:09.100 --> 01:04:12.240 +it will get wired into their brain. And + +01:04:12.240 --> 01:04:14.140 +hopefully it'll become something they care + +01:04:14.140 --> 01:04:17.520 +about. And I'll try really hard to help + +01:04:17.520 --> 01:04:19.960 +our earth get better. I know it's + +01:04:19.960 --> 01:04:22.060 +sometimes hard to imagine that young + +01:04:22.060 --> 01:04:24.440 +people can make a difference, but being + +01:04:24.440 --> 01:04:27.240 +creative, what do you think people your + +01:04:27.240 --> 01:04:29.820 +age can do to help ensure that the world + +01:04:29.820 --> 01:04:33.380 +will be better 5, 10, 15 years in the + +01:04:33.380 --> 01:04:35.160 +future, especially when we're talking + +01:04:35.160 --> 01:04:39.780 +about the environment? well we could just + +01:04:39.780 --> 01:04:43.280 +talk small pick up trash that um people + +01:04:43.280 --> 01:04:45.800 +like students from school have left and + +01:04:45.800 --> 01:04:49.540 +threw away and on the floor pick it up and + +01:04:49.540 --> 01:04:52.540 +tell them that you shouldn't do that small + +01:04:52.540 --> 01:04:56.580 +things right um recycle don't mix up trash + +01:04:56.580 --> 01:04:59.840 +with their cycle just honestly basic + +01:04:59.840 --> 01:05:02.300 +research can go a long way right you know + +01:05:02.300 --> 01:05:03.600 +what to recycle you're not going to put + +01:05:03.600 --> 01:05:05.540 +trash in the recycle we should just go + +01:05:05.540 --> 01:05:09.240 +waste right uh and then again just being + +01:05:09.240 --> 01:05:10.680 +informed when you're a kid so you know + +01:05:10.680 --> 01:05:12.300 +what to do when you're an adult right like + +01:05:12.300 --> 01:05:15.060 +maybe when you're not when you're an adult + +01:05:15.060 --> 01:05:17.300 +not all cars would be electric but you + +01:05:17.300 --> 01:05:19.040 +obviously know the problem so maybe you + +01:05:19.040 --> 01:05:21.460 +would lean towards an electric car if you + +01:05:21.460 --> 01:05:26.440 +again can you know get one well they can + +01:05:26.440 --> 01:05:29.520 +for sure like reuse plastic and like maybe + +01:05:29.520 --> 01:05:33.700 +i think they can also So at least try to + +01:05:33.700 --> 01:05:37.580 +buy less plastic in stores and stuff that + +01:05:37.580 --> 01:05:40.360 +are bad for the environment. Like small + +01:05:40.360 --> 01:05:43.400 +decisions and also like letting people, + +01:05:43.580 --> 01:05:47.320 +telling people how they can help. Not if + +01:05:47.320 --> 01:05:49.780 +you like, if you just do something, that's + +01:05:49.780 --> 01:05:52.240 +one thing. But if you tell a bunch of + +01:05:52.240 --> 01:05:54.580 +people that they should be doing it too, + +01:05:54.740 --> 01:05:56.700 +then you can, then people can make like a + +01:05:56.700 --> 01:05:59.200 +bigger impact. impact. Some things are + +01:05:59.200 --> 01:06:01.140 +really necessary for us, but other things + +01:06:01.140 --> 01:06:03.320 +are harming us like drugs. And that's + +01:06:03.320 --> 01:06:06.860 +something that's become really like, it's + +01:06:06.860 --> 01:06:11.140 +increasing in a worse way in my + +01:06:11.140 --> 01:06:15.260 +generation. So I think that like, a way + +01:06:15.260 --> 01:06:17.420 +that we could stop this is stop all + +01:06:17.420 --> 01:06:20.000 +unnecessary things that aren't good for + +01:06:20.000 --> 01:06:23.620 +the environment or good for us. And I + +01:06:23.620 --> 01:06:25.460 +think that would not only help the + +01:06:25.460 --> 01:06:27.600 +environment, but also the health our + +01:06:27.600 --> 01:06:30.600 +overall health I feel like we can make + +01:06:30.600 --> 01:06:33.480 +sure trash gets into the trash and not + +01:06:33.480 --> 01:06:37.200 +around our planet I also feel like we can + +01:06:37.200 --> 01:06:41.380 +start planting more plants making sure um + +01:06:41.380 --> 01:06:45.240 +the whole community's environment is nice + +01:06:45.240 --> 01:06:49.480 +um I think it's like it can be in like any + +01:06:49.480 --> 01:06:51.800 +generations but like just to tell Tell + +01:06:51.800 --> 01:06:55.480 +them what is going on right now and at + +01:06:55.480 --> 01:06:59.340 +least one way to solve the problem that we + +01:06:59.340 --> 01:07:02.380 +have about environmental issues. I feel + +01:07:02.380 --> 01:07:05.060 +like I often mark those social media + +01:07:05.060 --> 01:07:08.300 +reposts of this many forests are being cut + +01:07:08.300 --> 01:07:10.940 +down in a second. But I feel like it + +01:07:10.940 --> 01:07:12.820 +really is helpful because it raises + +01:07:12.820 --> 01:07:14.900 +awareness. And I feel like raising + +01:07:14.900 --> 01:07:18.600 +awareness in daily life is so important + +01:07:18.600 --> 01:07:21.060 +because we don't spend our time watching + +01:07:21.060 --> 01:07:23.640 +Greta Thunberg's speeches. I don't spend + +01:07:23.640 --> 01:07:26.380 +my time doing that, at least. And I know + +01:07:26.380 --> 01:07:30.320 +most of my friends don't. Kids my age or + +01:07:30.320 --> 01:07:34.680 +any age could start maybe some clubs or + +01:07:34.680 --> 01:07:38.240 +make a petition on how we should store our + +01:07:38.240 --> 01:07:42.440 +trash. many like posters and clubs could + +01:07:42.440 --> 01:07:46.380 +really affect the way people at schools + +01:07:46.380 --> 01:07:50.180 +can think about the environment. Maybe + +01:07:50.180 --> 01:07:52.980 +work at your school like see if what your + +01:07:52.980 --> 01:07:55.840 +school is doing for like sustainable + +01:07:55.840 --> 01:07:57.780 +energy if your school like does your + +01:07:57.780 --> 01:07:59.880 +school have solar panels if there's like + +01:07:59.880 --> 01:08:02.580 +room in their budget to install them you + +01:08:02.580 --> 01:08:04.580 +could see if you could work with the + +01:08:04.580 --> 01:08:07.060 +district to maybe install solar panels at + +01:08:07.060 --> 01:08:09.340 +your school or have like see if you could + +01:08:09.340 --> 01:08:11.960 +make the have the office install like + +01:08:11.960 --> 01:08:15.240 +electric car charging spots in like the + +01:08:15.240 --> 01:08:17.040 +parking lot at your school or something + +01:08:17.040 --> 01:08:19.800 +like that now see if your school most + +01:08:19.800 --> 01:08:21.760 +schools have like student government like + +01:08:21.760 --> 01:08:24.280 +student council or something like that and + +01:08:24.280 --> 01:08:27.680 +see if you could either be part of that or + +01:08:27.680 --> 01:08:30.340 +work with someone or multiple people who + +01:08:30.340 --> 01:08:32.400 +are part of that or see if there's like a + +01:08:32.400 --> 01:08:35.860 +teacher who has like similar views and and + +01:08:35.860 --> 01:08:39.720 +see if you could work with them? I think + +01:08:39.720 --> 01:08:42.340 +the younger generations are who's on + +01:08:42.340 --> 01:08:45.680 +social media the most. And so they're all + +01:08:45.680 --> 01:08:47.900 +getting the message, but I think it's the + +01:08:47.900 --> 01:08:51.920 +older generations that don't really get + +01:08:51.920 --> 01:08:55.200 +the message. So I think the younger + +01:08:55.200 --> 01:08:57.540 +generation should spread that knowledge. + +01:08:58.540 --> 01:09:00.880 +But I know that every single time, it's + +01:09:00.880 --> 01:09:02.700 +annoying, but every single time before my + +01:09:02.700 --> 01:09:04.480 +parents go out, I always remind them like + +01:09:04.480 --> 01:09:07.760 +don't buy any plastic like do your best to + +01:09:07.760 --> 01:09:10.700 +just buy metal and paper and whatever you + +01:09:10.700 --> 01:09:13.920 +can to stop so we can stop using plastic + +01:09:13.920 --> 01:09:16.860 +and even little differences that like we + +01:09:16.860 --> 01:09:19.700 +can make like not using as much water or + +01:09:19.700 --> 01:09:21.000 +even just telling our parents to not use + +01:09:21.000 --> 01:09:23.680 +as much water will result in a bigger + +01:09:23.680 --> 01:09:25.780 +difference and I know that sometimes it's + +01:09:25.780 --> 01:09:27.240 +hard because like you're like it's not + +01:09:27.240 --> 01:09:29.780 +that big but with more and more kids doing + +01:09:29.780 --> 01:09:31.920 +it it will become something big and then + +01:09:31.920 --> 01:09:33.820 +their parents result doing it and then + +01:09:33.820 --> 01:09:36.040 +it'll just become a big thing of people + +01:09:36.040 --> 01:09:38.760 +doing what they can to help. I know with + +01:09:38.760 --> 01:09:41.040 +my family I think it would be more coming + +01:09:41.040 --> 01:09:44.620 +from me because hearing that I want to + +01:09:44.620 --> 01:09:46.300 +help change the world and change the + +01:09:46.300 --> 01:09:48.780 +environment I think has an impact on them + +01:09:48.780 --> 01:09:51.100 +because it shows that like what they're + +01:09:51.100 --> 01:09:53.380 +doing matters to me and what I'm doing + +01:09:53.380 --> 01:09:54.840 +matters to me. I just want to help the + +01:09:54.840 --> 01:09:56.720 +environment the best I can and I think + +01:09:56.720 --> 01:09:58.860 +that also like I know my parents don't + +01:09:58.860 --> 01:10:00.880 +probably think that I think about these + +01:10:00.880 --> 01:10:02.480 +kind of things. So I think that even + +01:10:02.480 --> 01:10:04.300 +coming from someone younger is more + +01:10:04.300 --> 01:10:06.300 +impactful because you're like, oh, even + +01:10:06.300 --> 01:10:07.940 +though they're young, they're trying to + +01:10:07.940 --> 01:10:09.260 +help the world and they're trying to make + +01:10:09.260 --> 01:10:11.440 +a difference. Like you said, what gives me + +01:10:11.440 --> 01:10:13.500 +hope was that people who are becoming + +01:10:13.500 --> 01:10:16.220 +aware, for it to happen, I think that, + +01:10:16.260 --> 01:10:18.040 +like you said, that more people should be + +01:10:18.040 --> 01:10:20.240 +aware, not just the young generation, but + +01:10:20.240 --> 01:10:22.040 +actually every generation should be more + +01:10:22.040 --> 01:10:24.260 +aware of climate change and actually try + +01:10:24.260 --> 01:10:26.540 +taking a step to stop it. And like I said, + +01:10:26.680 --> 01:10:29.900 +even if it's small, it does count. So I + +01:10:29.900 --> 01:10:33.520 +wish for it to change. I think that not + +01:10:33.520 --> 01:10:35.740 +just our generation, but every generation + +01:10:35.740 --> 01:10:38.960 +should step up and try slowing down + +01:10:38.960 --> 01:10:40.960 +climate change, even if it's small. + +01:10:47.640 --> 01:10:51.420 +Wow, it is so inspiring and encouraging to + +01:10:51.420 --> 01:10:53.300 +hear this wide variety of solutions. + +01:10:53.300 --> 01:10:56.520 +solutions. Not only did they explain what + +01:10:56.520 --> 01:10:59.100 +younger people can do, but also how adults + +01:10:59.100 --> 01:11:01.020 +and people of our generation can get + +01:11:01.020 --> 01:11:04.140 +involved, in both large and small ways. + +01:11:05.220 --> 01:11:06.980 +That's right, and I think that the impact + +01:11:06.980 --> 01:11:09.560 +of this is twofold. Not only are they + +01:11:09.560 --> 01:11:11.120 +helping us all to act by providing + +01:11:11.120 --> 01:11:13.700 +concrete actions we can take, I think they + +01:11:13.700 --> 01:11:16.900 +are also inspiring us to take action. I + +01:11:16.900 --> 01:11:18.840 +feel like we as a society always say that + +01:11:18.840 --> 01:11:20.820 +we want to protect the earth for future + +01:11:20.820 --> 01:11:23.180 +generations, but we don't really take the + +01:11:23.180 --> 01:11:25.240 +time to involve our young people today and + +01:11:25.240 --> 01:11:27.740 +what they can do here and now. Children + +01:11:27.740 --> 01:11:29.880 +have always been a powerful motivator for + +01:11:29.880 --> 01:11:32.320 +environmental action. I think seeing kids + +01:11:32.320 --> 01:11:33.780 +who are striving to lead environmentally + +01:11:33.780 --> 01:11:35.960 +conscious lives can show us all what a + +01:11:35.960 --> 01:11:37.800 +more sustainable future could look like. + +01:11:38.200 --> 01:11:41.400 +As Greta Thunberg said, people feel very + +01:11:41.400 --> 01:11:43.820 +guilty when a child says, you are stealing + +01:11:43.820 --> 01:11:47.320 +my future. That has impact. impact. We're + +01:11:47.320 --> 01:11:48.960 +used to making decisions with kids in + +01:11:48.960 --> 01:11:51.040 +mind, but I don't think we're used to + +01:11:51.040 --> 01:11:53.040 +making decisions with kids in the room. + +01:11:53.440 --> 01:11:55.460 +Yeah, we need to make sure that we + +01:11:55.460 --> 01:11:57.360 +continue involving kids in conversations + +01:11:57.360 --> 01:11:58.920 +about the environment and creating + +01:11:58.920 --> 01:12:01.100 +platforms for them to share their ideas. + +01:12:01.620 --> 01:12:03.320 +They cannot participate in the + +01:12:03.320 --> 01:12:05.060 +environmental movement at the ballot box, + +01:12:05.260 --> 01:12:07.240 +but their ideas can be incorporated if + +01:12:07.240 --> 01:12:10.400 +voters are willing to listen. And climate + +01:12:10.400 --> 01:12:12.360 +change is also an inherently inherently + +01:12:12.360 --> 01:12:15.000 +intergenerational issue. And I believe + +01:12:15.000 --> 01:12:17.500 +that we will be in very capable hands when + +01:12:17.500 --> 01:12:18.940 +these kids are one day making the + +01:12:18.940 --> 01:12:21.860 +decisions. I also personally feel + +01:12:21.860 --> 01:12:23.780 +incredibly inspired by these kids and + +01:12:23.780 --> 01:12:26.160 +their messages of hope. In college, as + +01:12:26.160 --> 01:12:27.960 +environmental science majors, I feel like + +01:12:27.960 --> 01:12:29.860 +we are constantly bombarded with reminders + +01:12:29.860 --> 01:12:31.640 +of how big and complex environmental + +01:12:31.640 --> 01:12:33.720 +issues are, and that can become really + +01:12:33.720 --> 01:12:36.620 +discouraging over time. Exactly, and + +01:12:36.620 --> 01:12:38.460 +that's why we love talking to people about + +01:12:38.460 --> 01:12:40.000 +their their ideas, and their hopes, + +01:12:40.120 --> 01:12:42.520 +especially with younger people who will + +01:12:42.520 --> 01:12:44.140 +soon be at the helm of the environmental + +01:12:44.140 --> 01:12:47.520 +movement. It is rejuvenating to palpably + +01:12:47.520 --> 01:12:50.520 +feel so much hope and optimism, and it + +01:12:50.520 --> 01:12:53.340 +serves as a powerful motivator for us as + +01:12:53.340 --> 01:12:58.020 +we continue on our own paths. Well, in + +01:12:58.020 --> 01:13:00.060 +closing, we just want to express our + +01:13:00.060 --> 01:13:01.800 +appreciation for all of the people who + +01:13:01.800 --> 01:13:04.000 +have supported us in this project. It has + +01:13:04.000 --> 01:13:05.800 +been an incredibly long journey, and we + +01:13:05.800 --> 01:13:07.500 +are so grateful to have had such a + +01:13:07.500 --> 01:13:10.840 +wonderful team. Yes, thank you to our 13 + +01:13:10.840 --> 01:13:12.960 +student participants, their adult + +01:13:12.960 --> 01:13:15.320 +interviewees, our mentors at Stanford, + +01:13:15.580 --> 01:13:17.920 +Richard and Nicole, and the teachers and + +01:13:17.920 --> 01:13:19.700 +parents from Ellen Fletcher Middle School, + +01:13:19.840 --> 01:13:22.280 +all of whom made this program possible. + +01:13:22.980 --> 01:13:25.480 +And thanks to you, the listeners, for + +01:13:25.480 --> 01:13:27.040 +spending your Earth Day here with us. + +01:13:27.440 --> 01:13:29.140 +We'll leave you with one last coronavirus + +01:13:29.140 --> 01:13:31.660 +message on behalf of KZSU, but please stay + +01:13:31.660 --> 01:13:32.980 +safe and have a great rest of your + +01:13:32.980 --> 01:13:36.540 +evening. name. With many schools closed + +01:13:36.540 --> 01:13:39.100 +due to the COVID-19 crisis, kids are + +01:13:39.100 --> 01:13:42.100 +missing meals daily. No Kid Hungry is + +01:13:42.100 --> 01:13:43.760 +stepping up. They're using donations, + +01:13:44.020 --> 01:13:46.360 +large and small, to grant funding to + +01:13:46.360 --> 01:13:48.200 +school districts, food banks, and other + +01:13:48.200 --> 01:13:50.560 +local organizations right here in the Bay + +01:13:50.560 --> 01:13:54.600 +Area, which in turn are feeding kids. No + +01:13:54.600 --> 01:13:56.800 +Kid Hungry is dedicated to working year + +01:13:56.800 --> 01:13:58.600 +-round to help the one in seven kids + +01:13:58.600 --> 01:14:00.300 +across across the U.S. who face hunger + +01:14:00.300 --> 01:14:04.340 +every day. To donate, visit nokidhungry + +01:14:04.340 --> 01:14:08.880 +.org. That's nokidhungry.org. + +01:14:31.660 --> 01:14:31.780 +Thank you. + +01:15:06.700 --> 01:15:09.500 +Thank you. + +01:15:28.940 --> 01:15:29.540 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/LLSF_7_20121209.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/LLSF_7_20121209.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b5e4e04 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/LLSF_7_20121209.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1070 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:00.200 +you + +00:30.000 --> 00:30.200 +you + +01:00.000 --> 01:00.200 +you + +01:30.000 --> 01:30.200 +you + +02:00.000 --> 02:00.200 +you + +02:30.000 --> 02:30.200 +you + +03:00.000 --> 03:00.200 +you + +03:30.000 --> 03:30.200 +you + +04:00.000 --> 04:00.200 +you + +04:30.000 --> 04:30.200 +you + +05:00.000 --> 05:00.200 +you + +05:30.000 --> 05:30.200 +you + +06:00.000 --> 06:00.200 +you + +06:30.000 --> 06:30.200 +you + +07:00.000 --> 07:00.200 +you + +07:30.000 --> 07:30.200 +you + +08:00.000 --> 08:00.200 +you + +08:30.000 --> 08:30.200 +you + +09:00.000 --> 09:00.200 +you + +09:30.000 --> 09:30.200 +you + +10:00.000 --> 10:00.200 +you + +10:30.000 --> 10:30.200 +you + +11:00.000 --> 11:00.200 +you + +11:30.000 --> 11:30.200 +you + +12:00.000 --> 12:00.200 +you + +12:30.000 --> 12:30.200 +you + +13:00.000 --> 13:00.200 +you + +13:30.000 --> 13:30.200 +you + +14:00.000 --> 14:00.200 +you + +14:30.000 --> 14:30.200 +you + +15:00.000 --> 15:00.200 +you + +15:30.000 --> 15:30.200 +you + +16:00.000 --> 16:00.200 +you + +16:30.000 --> 16:30.200 +you + +17:00.000 --> 17:00.200 +you + +17:44.380 --> 17:47.140 +Tell Miss Hills, the city now presents a + +17:47.140 --> 17:49.620 +complex traffic problem because most of + +17:49.620 --> 17:52.420 +its long streetcar lines must funnel into + +17:52.420 --> 17:55.820 +Market Street. This is true because there + +17:55.820 --> 17:57.920 +are no streets parallel to Market on the + +17:57.920 --> 18:01.100 +north side. As the city grows, the Market + +18:01.100 --> 18:02.860 +Street bottleneck draws tighter and + +18:02.860 --> 18:05.700 +tighter. Unless relief is found, this + +18:05.700 --> 18:07.820 +condition will seriously hamper the city's + +18:07.820 --> 18:09.200 +growth and progress. + +18:14.420 --> 18:16.860 +Market Street as it looks today from a + +18:16.860 --> 18:21.180 +balcony at Fifth Street. This, as you all + +18:21.180 --> 18:24.200 +know, is just an average crowd trying to + +18:24.200 --> 18:27.980 +find a way to get home. From the balcony, + +18:28.180 --> 18:30.800 +the cable car turns on Powell Street. The + +18:30.800 --> 18:32.760 +cable car is a San Francisco invention, + +18:33.060 --> 18:35.400 +and our visitors never quit talking about + +18:35.400 --> 18:37.660 +it. We'll probably always have at least + +18:37.660 --> 18:40.200 +one cable car route here, just as a + +18:40.200 --> 18:45.440 +tourist attraction. We all ride to work, + +18:45.600 --> 18:51.360 +but how we have to work to ride? Here's a + +18:51.360 --> 18:54.120 +rush hour example. People stand in safety + +18:54.120 --> 18:56.440 +zones hoping the inspector will find room + +18:56.440 --> 19:00.700 +for them up front. But the space is all + +19:00.700 --> 19:03.440 +taken and disappointed patrons are turned + +19:03.440 --> 19:03.760 +away. + +19:07.680 --> 19:10.620 +Here's why. Too many cars are on the + +19:10.620 --> 19:12.480 +outside tracks owned by the municipal + +19:12.480 --> 19:16.180 +railway. The The inside tracks owned by + +19:16.180 --> 19:18.400 +Market Street Railway are not used to + +19:18.400 --> 19:21.300 +capacity. If these two systems are + +19:21.300 --> 19:23.540 +consolidated, the traffic burden will be + +19:23.540 --> 19:26.060 +equally distributed so that everybody can + +19:26.060 --> 19:29.340 +ride. One fare anywhere will do the trick. + +19:34.440 --> 19:36.960 +The unequal burden causes this, + +19:37.160 --> 19:40.140 +inconvenient, dangerous, and entirely + +19:40.140 --> 19:44.140 +unnecessary. When Madame Chiang Kai-shek + +19:44.140 --> 19:46.160 +was here, the traffic burden everywhere + +19:46.160 --> 19:48.940 +was too great under three systems, three + +19:48.940 --> 19:52.720 +managements, and three fares. We'll all + +19:52.720 --> 19:55.400 +agree this is a beautiful scene, but the + +19:55.400 --> 19:57.280 +discomfort and inconvenience are there + +19:57.280 --> 20:00.100 +just the same. We can correct this + +20:00.100 --> 20:02.840 +situation with one management, one fare + +20:02.840 --> 20:05.940 +anywhere, and free transfers everywhere. + +20:07.840 --> 20:10.340 +This serious bottleneck at Stockton and + +20:10.340 --> 20:13.160 +Market Streets can be broken. Instead of + +20:13.160 --> 20:15.620 +turning F cars back here, let's send them + +20:15.620 --> 20:17.260 +across Market Street to the Southern + +20:17.260 --> 20:19.480 +Pacific Depot, giving a new cross-town + +20:19.480 --> 20:21.960 +service to the Marina, North Beach, and + +20:21.960 --> 20:24.980 +Chinatown. Let's speed up this overloaded + +20:24.980 --> 20:26.840 +line. Let's give the Mission District + +20:26.840 --> 20:29.600 +direct access to north of Market sections. + +20:33.660 --> 20:35.760 +No mother likes this kind of a situation + +20:35.760 --> 20:38.200 +involving school children. We spend + +20:38.200 --> 20:40.820 +millions for schoolroom education. Let's + +20:40.820 --> 20:42.840 +spend something on traffic and safety. + +20:44.440 --> 20:46.600 +What are we doing for our war workers? + +20:47.120 --> 20:49.760 +These tired men coming off shift need + +20:49.760 --> 20:52.140 +speedy service home for a well-earned + +20:52.140 --> 20:52.320 +rest. + +20:57.120 --> 21:00.060 +Instead, they keep right on working, + +21:00.160 --> 21:02.700 +working as you do for a place on an + +21:02.700 --> 21:05.320 +overcrowded bus or streetcar and often + +21:05.320 --> 21:07.280 +payment of two fares before they reach + +21:07.280 --> 21:10.280 +home. These are not shoppers waiting for + +21:10.280 --> 21:12.380 +rationed meat, these are war plant workers + +21:12.380 --> 21:14.720 +waiting in line for a chance to ride home. + +21:15.220 --> 21:18.260 +They deserve that chance and you deserve + +21:18.260 --> 21:22.520 +that chance. Think of the thousands of + +21:22.520 --> 21:24.360 +hours we lose daily by transportation + +21:24.360 --> 21:26.920 +delays. Think of the ships and bombers + +21:26.920 --> 21:28.660 +that might have been built with this lost + +21:28.660 --> 21:32.380 +time. We can't afford it. We need those + +21:32.380 --> 21:33.360 +ships and bombers. + +21:37.440 --> 21:40.280 +Scores of streetcars now lie unused in car + +21:40.280 --> 21:43.080 +barns and shops. All these can be put to + +21:43.080 --> 21:45.200 +work on idle track space on Market and + +21:45.200 --> 21:47.580 +Mission streets. Let's use them. + +21:50.980 --> 21:53.380 +Under one management and with one fare + +21:53.380 --> 21:56.620 +anywhere, these idle cars can carry 20,000 + +21:56.620 --> 21:58.440 +more people every day during the rush + +21:58.440 --> 22:01.660 +hours alone. It came like this and better. + +22:02.140 --> 22:05.340 +New, noiseless, speedy, streamlined cars. + +22:05.820 --> 22:07.920 +Fast, modern motor coaches taking the + +22:07.920 --> 22:09.800 +places of street cars wherever possible. + +22:10.440 --> 22:12.880 +Only in this way can San Francisco get rid + +22:12.880 --> 22:15.080 +of two of the four tracks on Market + +22:15.080 --> 22:17.660 +Street. You would like that, wouldn't you? + +22:18.320 --> 22:21.300 +These are hopes for the future. They are + +22:21.300 --> 22:23.600 +more than hopes, they are necessities. if + +22:23.600 --> 22:26.160 +the city we all love is not to strangle + +22:26.160 --> 22:28.020 +from its congestions and bottlenecks. + +22:29.060 --> 22:31.280 +Let's take the necessary step Tuesday, + +22:31.660 --> 22:34.640 +April 20th. Let's consolidate the existing + +22:34.640 --> 22:36.700 +systems without one cent of cost to + +22:36.700 --> 22:39.320 +taxpayers. The entire bill will be paid + +22:39.320 --> 22:41.700 +from revenues now swollen because there + +22:41.700 --> 22:44.960 +are so many newcomers here. This is the + +22:44.960 --> 22:48.160 +city that knows how, and here's how. Now + +22:48.160 --> 22:51.920 +vote yes on Tuesday for better service at + +22:51.920 --> 22:56.000 +no added cost. Let's forget our pet peeves + +22:56.000 --> 22:58.160 +and our prejudices. Let's think of the + +22:58.160 --> 23:00.500 +needs of our city and our country. Let's + +23:00.500 --> 23:03.340 +do something for San Francisco. Are you + +23:03.340 --> 23:05.900 +listening, San Francisco? This is the + +23:05.900 --> 23:07.700 +message of the Citizens Committee for + +23:07.700 --> 23:10.040 +Better Streetcar Service. We're voting yes + +23:10.040 --> 23:11.540 +for your future on Tuesday. + +23:45.000 --> 23:50.900 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 And all along the way + +23:51.420 --> 23:57.740 +We're building a dream for tomorrow We're + +23:57.740 --> 24:03.860 +building a dream for tomorrow Where trains + +24:03.860 --> 24:06.960 +that cross the hills and land Go through + +24:06.960 --> 24:11.220 +the town by night and day And sunshine + +24:11.220 --> 24:15.260 +touches every hand In parks where children + +24:15.260 --> 24:22.740 +play Over the hills and all along the way + +24:22.740 --> 24:29.680 +We're building a dream for tomorrow We're + +24:29.680 --> 24:35.340 +building a dream for tomorrow We're + +24:35.340 --> 24:41.060 +building a dream for tomorrow We're + +24:41.060 --> 24:44.400 +building a dream for tomorrow + +24:48.320 --> 24:51.400 +Along the way, in three counties, BART is + +24:51.400 --> 24:53.840 +building a high-speed rail rapid transit + +24:53.840 --> 24:56.000 +system planned for your convenience, + +24:56.340 --> 24:58.720 +designed for your comfort, and + +24:58.720 --> 25:00.920 +deliberately aimed at giving you a safer, + +25:01.060 --> 25:03.360 +faster, more economical ride than your + +25:03.360 --> 25:06.140 +automobile. Fully aware, as Lewis Mumford + +25:06.140 --> 25:08.740 +says, that a city exists not for the + +25:08.740 --> 25:11.100 +constant passage of motor cars, but for + +25:11.100 --> 25:13.960 +the care and culture of men. Cities will + +25:13.960 --> 25:16.760 +maintain their character, too. unscarred + +25:16.760 --> 25:19.060 +by heavy concrete swaths of freeway, + +25:19.820 --> 25:21.720 +freeways that carry the extravagance of + +25:21.720 --> 25:24.700 +one car, one passenger, mostly at a + +25:24.700 --> 25:28.560 +standstill. Instead, bark trains carrying + +25:28.560 --> 25:30.960 +thousands of comfortably seated passengers + +25:30.960 --> 25:33.580 +will glide quietly through the bay tube, + +25:33.860 --> 25:37.260 +under the ferry building, and into the + +25:37.260 --> 25:38.120 +Market Street subway. + +25:41.820 --> 25:45.180 +And when it's completed, you and the Bay + +25:45.180 --> 25:47.860 +Area will not only feel better, you'll + +25:47.860 --> 25:51.020 +both look better. In the Powell Street + +25:51.020 --> 25:53.120 +Station you'll look something like this. + +25:53.860 --> 25:56.960 +Along the way you may stop at a magazine + +25:56.960 --> 25:59.740 +stand, buy commute tickets from the + +25:59.740 --> 26:02.520 +automatic vending machine, enjoy the + +26:02.520 --> 26:05.080 +clean, spacious, architect-designed + +26:05.080 --> 26:07.740 +station, and then you'll board a train, + +26:07.960 --> 26:11.540 +carpet it, air-conditioned, and settle + +26:11.540 --> 26:15.140 +into an extra-wide foam rubber seat. Over + +26:15.140 --> 26:19.960 +the hills and all along the way we're + +26:19.960 --> 26:25.600 +building a dream for tomorrow. We're + +26:25.600 --> 26:29.180 +building a dream for tomorrow. + +26:59.600 --> 27:01.840 +Our commuters get one of the most exciting + +27:01.840 --> 27:05.680 +rides in the world. And boy, what a view! + +27:16.600 --> 27:19.080 +Ah, there's that spice and coffee smell + +27:19.080 --> 27:19.360 +again. + +27:51.400 --> 27:54.040 +One of the busiest intercity transit lines + +27:54.040 --> 27:56.360 +in the world safely delivers another + +27:56.360 --> 27:59.140 +trainload to the busiest terminal in + +27:59.140 --> 27:59.460 +America. + +28:26.960 --> 28:27.160 +you + +28:56.960 --> 28:57.160 +you + +29:26.960 --> 29:27.160 +you + +29:56.960 --> 29:57.160 +you + +30:26.960 --> 30:27.160 +you + +30:56.960 --> 30:57.160 +you + +31:26.960 --> 31:27.160 +you + +31:56.960 --> 31:57.160 +you + +32:26.960 --> 32:27.160 +you + +32:56.960 --> 32:57.160 +you + +33:26.960 --> 33:27.160 +you + +33:56.960 --> 33:57.160 +you + +34:26.960 --> 34:27.160 +you + +34:56.960 --> 34:57.160 +you + +35:26.960 --> 35:27.160 +you + +35:56.960 --> 35:57.160 +you + +36:26.960 --> 36:27.160 +you + +36:56.960 --> 36:57.160 +you + +37:26.960 --> 37:27.160 +you + +37:56.960 --> 37:57.160 +you + +38:26.960 --> 38:27.160 +you + +38:56.960 --> 38:57.160 +you + +39:26.960 --> 39:27.160 +you + +39:56.960 --> 39:57.160 +you + +40:26.960 --> 40:27.160 +you + +40:56.960 --> 40:57.160 +you + +41:26.960 --> 41:27.160 +you + +41:56.960 --> 41:57.160 +you + +42:26.960 --> 42:27.160 +you + +42:56.960 --> 42:57.160 +you + +43:26.960 --> 43:27.160 +you + +43:56.960 --> 43:57.160 +you + +44:26.960 --> 44:27.160 +you + +44:56.960 --> 44:57.160 +you + +45:26.960 --> 45:27.160 +you + +45:56.960 --> 45:57.160 +you + +46:26.960 --> 46:27.160 +you + +46:56.960 --> 46:57.160 +you + +47:26.960 --> 47:27.160 +you + +47:56.960 --> 47:57.160 +you + +48:26.960 --> 48:27.160 +you + +48:56.960 --> 48:57.160 +you + +49:26.960 --> 49:27.160 +you + +49:56.960 --> 49:57.160 +you + +50:26.960 --> 50:27.160 +you + +50:56.960 --> 50:57.160 +you + +51:26.960 --> 51:27.160 +you + +51:56.960 --> 51:57.160 +you + +52:26.960 --> 52:27.160 +you + +52:56.960 --> 52:57.160 +you + +53:26.960 --> 53:27.160 +you + +53:56.960 --> 53:57.160 +you + +54:26.960 --> 54:27.160 +you + +54:56.960 --> 54:57.160 +you + +55:26.960 --> 55:27.160 +you + +55:56.960 --> 55:57.160 +you + +56:26.960 --> 56:27.160 +you + +56:56.960 --> 56:57.160 +you + +57:26.960 --> 57:27.160 +you + +57:56.960 --> 57:57.160 +you + +58:26.960 --> 58:27.160 +you + +58:56.960 --> 58:57.160 +you + +59:26.960 --> 59:27.160 +you + +59:56.960 --> 59:57.160 +you + +01:00:54.860 --> 01:00:59.020 +The Golden Thames Society I know I live + +01:00:59.020 --> 01:01:03.380 +there on the tower. Seagulls, pigeons, but + +01:01:03.380 --> 01:01:09.060 +I like it. Yeah, we dig it the most. On + +01:01:09.060 --> 01:01:11.380 +the tower I can see everything. Once in a + +01:01:11.380 --> 01:01:12.040 +while I spy. + +01:01:15.780 --> 01:01:19.660 +I see the shoes. They think they're the + +01:01:19.660 --> 01:01:23.460 +toughest, but not the bosses. But I don't + +01:01:23.460 --> 01:01:27.520 +blame them. Nothing to do If I had + +01:01:27.520 --> 01:01:30.440 +something like that on my corner I'd + +01:01:30.440 --> 01:01:35.640 +shimmy shimmy Cocoa too The mole You can + +01:01:35.640 --> 01:01:39.740 +always tell Flat feet Ace on every corner + +01:01:39.740 --> 01:01:42.800 +Don't look too hard fellas They got guns + +01:01:42.800 --> 01:01:47.480 +You got a thousand fellas The king In this + +01:01:47.480 --> 01:01:51.300 +tough sheen It's the bosses Because it's + +01:01:51.300 --> 01:01:55.100 +borrowed written from some honor at night + +01:01:55.100 --> 01:01:57.940 +can always tell that's the lonely one + +01:02:01.800 --> 01:02:05.700 +bet you some parts of mission could always + +01:02:05.700 --> 01:02:10.000 +tell thousand every corner hair was a + +01:02:10.000 --> 01:02:12.840 +crime they'd be right on death row with + +01:02:12.840 --> 01:02:17.260 +chestnut look + +01:02:17.260 --> 01:02:20.480 +out old man And look out, old man. Mike is + +01:02:20.480 --> 01:02:24.220 +on the scene. Head first. Fight up, + +01:02:24.220 --> 01:02:27.220 +fellas. Didn't cost me anything. Five + +01:02:27.220 --> 01:02:30.080 +fingers and a quick getaway. Some store + +01:02:30.080 --> 01:02:30.520 +suffers. + +01:02:47.900 --> 01:02:48.100 +you + +01:03:17.900 --> 01:03:18.100 +you + +01:03:47.900 --> 01:03:48.100 +you + +01:04:17.900 --> 01:04:18.100 +you + +01:04:47.900 --> 01:04:48.100 +you + +01:05:36.560 --> 01:05:40.760 +San Francisco, within its 45 square miles, + +01:05:40.900 --> 01:05:42.640 +is contained one of the most colorful and + +01:05:42.640 --> 01:05:43.900 +and romantic cities in the world. + +01:05:45.100 --> 01:05:47.340 +Approaching from the south, the traveler + +01:05:47.340 --> 01:05:49.180 +views with sudden excitement the city + +01:05:49.180 --> 01:05:50.840 +thrusting its white towers into the blue + +01:05:50.840 --> 01:05:51.680 +California sky. + +01:05:55.380 --> 01:05:57.300 +But it is from the east that the city + +01:05:57.300 --> 01:05:59.960 +reveals its famous profile, framed by the + +01:05:59.960 --> 01:06:01.320 +silver towers of the Bay Bridge. + +01:06:22.440 --> 01:06:24.660 +Credited with having stopped the onslaught + +01:06:24.660 --> 01:06:27.800 +of the 1906 fire, Venice Avenue still + +01:06:27.800 --> 01:06:30.100 +remains one of San Francisco's broadest + +01:06:30.100 --> 01:06:30.640 +thoroughfares. + +01:06:38.440 --> 01:06:40.660 +California Palace of the Legion of Honor, + +01:06:40.660 --> 01:06:43.780 +one of San Francisco's finest museums is + +01:06:43.780 --> 01:06:46.040 +an exact replica of the Legion of Honor in + +01:06:46.040 --> 01:06:46.320 +Paris. + +01:06:57.000 --> 01:06:59.820 +The once gay resort of the 90s is now a + +01:06:59.820 --> 01:07:01.420 +modern restaurant fronting the Pacific + +01:07:01.420 --> 01:07:03.940 +Ocean and overlooking Seals Rocks. + +01:07:12.740 --> 01:07:15.300 +A ride on the newly installed Sky Tram + +01:07:15.300 --> 01:07:16.680 +should be included in the tourist + +01:07:16.680 --> 01:07:17.260 +itinerary. + +01:08:00.680 --> 01:08:03.180 +Just below the Cliff House is a year-round + +01:08:03.180 --> 01:08:04.080 +amusement park. Park. + +01:09:02.620 --> 01:09:04.020 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +01:09:20.580 --> 01:09:22.800 +Leaving the recreational areas that border + +01:09:22.800 --> 01:09:24.640 +the ocean, we turn eastward towards the + +01:09:24.640 --> 01:09:25.260 +heart of the city. + +01:09:34.700 --> 01:09:39.680 +city. In the center of the city rise San + +01:09:39.680 --> 01:09:41.400 +Francisco's famous Twin Peaks. + +01:09:48.220 --> 01:09:51.100 +reached by a spiraling road the summit + +01:09:51.100 --> 01:09:52.980 +commands a spectacular view of the + +01:09:52.980 --> 01:09:53.720 +encircling city + +01:10:23.740 --> 01:10:26.480 +Market Street, the main arterial through + +01:10:26.480 --> 01:10:29.060 +the downtown area, stretches like a broad + +01:10:29.060 --> 01:10:30.800 +ribbon from Twin Peaks to the Ferry + +01:10:30.800 --> 01:10:31.100 +Building. + +01:10:54.760 --> 01:10:57.100 +The busy intersection of Powell and Market + +01:10:57.100 --> 01:10:59.580 +Streets in downtown San Francisco is + +01:10:59.580 --> 01:11:01.420 +located one of the terminals of the Powell + +01:11:01.420 --> 01:11:04.740 +Street cable car line. To reverse their + +01:11:04.740 --> 01:11:07.360 +direction, the cable cars are pushed onto + +01:11:07.360 --> 01:11:09.540 +the unique turntable and swung around + +01:11:09.540 --> 01:11:11.080 +manually by the motor man and the + +01:11:11.080 --> 01:11:13.180 +conductor, much to the delight of the + +01:11:13.180 --> 01:11:14.160 +riders and spectators. + +01:11:26.300 --> 01:11:28.520 +There is no end to the interesting places + +01:11:28.520 --> 01:11:31.020 +one may visit in San Francisco, the ferry + +01:11:31.020 --> 01:11:33.080 +the library building, the churches and + +01:11:33.080 --> 01:11:33.520 +colleges. + +01:11:36.460 --> 01:11:38.780 +Or the tourist may prefer a leisurely + +01:11:38.780 --> 01:11:40.780 +drive along the many scenic boulevards. + +01:11:51.280 --> 01:11:53.800 +For the true adventurer, there is that + +01:11:53.800 --> 01:11:57.680 +final thrill, a ride down the world's most + +01:11:57.680 --> 01:12:01.340 +crooked streets. Eight hairpin turns in a + +01:12:01.340 --> 01:12:02.000 +single block. + +01:12:36.740 --> 01:12:39.860 +San Francisco, the cosmopolitan city, + +01:12:40.020 --> 01:12:46.620 +queen of the Pacific, the city by the + +01:12:46.620 --> 01:12:47.360 +Golden Gate, + +01:12:50.720 --> 01:12:53.640 +Truly the city of many wonders. + +01:13:17.360 --> 01:13:17.560 +you + +01:13:47.360 --> 01:13:47.560 +you + +01:14:19.860 --> 01:14:21.260 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/LLSF_7_20121209_mp4.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/LLSF_7_20121209_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a3aa2ca --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/LLSF_7_20121209_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1070 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:00.200 +you + +00:30.000 --> 00:30.200 +you + +01:00.000 --> 01:00.200 +you + +01:30.000 --> 01:30.200 +you + +02:00.000 --> 02:00.200 +you + +02:30.000 --> 02:30.200 +you + +03:00.000 --> 03:00.200 +you + +03:30.000 --> 03:30.200 +you + +04:00.000 --> 04:00.200 +you + +04:30.000 --> 04:30.200 +you + +05:00.000 --> 05:00.200 +you + +05:30.000 --> 05:30.200 +you + +06:00.000 --> 06:00.200 +you + +06:30.000 --> 06:30.200 +you + +07:00.000 --> 07:00.200 +you + +07:30.000 --> 07:30.200 +you + +08:00.000 --> 08:00.200 +you + +08:30.000 --> 08:30.200 +you + +09:00.000 --> 09:00.200 +you + +09:30.000 --> 09:30.200 +you + +10:00.000 --> 10:00.200 +you + +10:30.000 --> 10:30.200 +you + +11:00.000 --> 11:00.200 +you + +11:30.000 --> 11:30.200 +you + +12:00.000 --> 12:00.200 +you + +12:30.000 --> 12:30.200 +you + +13:00.000 --> 13:00.200 +you + +13:30.000 --> 13:30.200 +you + +14:00.000 --> 14:00.200 +you + +14:30.000 --> 14:30.200 +you + +15:00.000 --> 15:00.200 +you + +15:30.000 --> 15:30.200 +you + +16:00.000 --> 16:00.200 +you + +16:30.000 --> 16:30.200 +you + +17:00.000 --> 17:00.200 +you + +17:44.360 --> 17:47.140 +Tell Miss Hills the city now presents a + +17:47.140 --> 17:49.620 +complex traffic problem because most of + +17:49.620 --> 17:52.420 +its long street car lines must funnel into + +17:52.420 --> 17:55.800 +Market Street. This is true because there + +17:55.800 --> 17:57.920 +are no streets parallel to Market on the + +17:57.920 --> 18:01.100 +north side. As the city grows, the Market + +18:01.100 --> 18:02.860 +Street bottleneck draws tighter and + +18:02.860 --> 18:05.720 +tighter. Unless relief is found, this + +18:05.720 --> 18:07.800 +condition will seriously hamper the city's + +18:07.800 --> 18:09.220 +growth and progress. + +18:14.420 --> 18:16.860 +Market Street as it looks today from a + +18:16.860 --> 18:21.180 +balcony at Fifth Street. This, as you all + +18:21.180 --> 18:23.880 +know, is just an an average crowd trying + +18:23.880 --> 18:27.780 +to find a way to get home. From the + +18:27.780 --> 18:29.540 +balcony, the cable car turns on Powell + +18:29.540 --> 18:32.440 +Street. The cable car is a San Francisco + +18:32.440 --> 18:34.720 +invention, and our visitors never quit + +18:34.720 --> 18:36.960 +talking about it. We'll probably always + +18:36.960 --> 18:39.020 +have at least one cable car route here, + +18:39.120 --> 18:40.820 +just as a tourist attraction. + +18:43.660 --> 18:47.600 +We all ride to work, but how we have to + +18:47.600 --> 18:52.380 +work to ride. Here's a rush hour example. + +18:52.680 --> 18:55.220 +People stand in safety zones hoping the + +18:55.220 --> 18:57.300 +inspector will find room for them up + +18:57.300 --> 19:01.640 +front. But the space is all taken and + +19:01.640 --> 19:03.760 +disappointed patrons are turned away. + +19:07.680 --> 19:10.620 +Here's why. Too many cars are on the + +19:10.620 --> 19:12.480 +outside tracks owned by the municipal + +19:12.480 --> 19:16.180 +railway. The The inside tracks owned by + +19:16.180 --> 19:18.400 +Market Street Railway are not used to + +19:18.400 --> 19:21.300 +capacity. If these two systems are + +19:21.300 --> 19:23.540 +consolidated, the traffic burden will be + +19:23.540 --> 19:26.060 +equally distributed so that everybody can + +19:26.060 --> 19:29.340 +ride. One fare anywhere will do the trick. + +19:34.440 --> 19:36.960 +The unequal burden causes this, + +19:37.160 --> 19:40.140 +inconvenient, dangerous, and entirely + +19:40.140 --> 19:44.140 +unnecessary. When Madame Chiang Kai-shek + +19:44.140 --> 19:46.160 +was here, the traffic burden everywhere + +19:46.160 --> 19:48.940 +was too great under three systems, three + +19:48.940 --> 19:52.720 +managements, and three fares. We'll all + +19:52.720 --> 19:55.400 +agree this is a beautiful scene, but the + +19:55.400 --> 19:57.280 +discomfort and inconvenience are there + +19:57.280 --> 20:00.100 +just the same. We can correct this + +20:00.100 --> 20:02.840 +situation with one management, one fare + +20:02.840 --> 20:05.940 +anywhere, and free transfers everywhere. + +20:07.840 --> 20:10.340 +This serious bottleneck at Stockton and + +20:10.340 --> 20:13.160 +Market Streets can be broken. Instead of + +20:13.160 --> 20:15.620 +turning F cars back here, let's send them + +20:15.620 --> 20:17.260 +across Market Street to the Southern + +20:17.260 --> 20:19.480 +Pacific Depot, giving a new cross-town + +20:19.480 --> 20:21.960 +service to the Marina, North Beach, and + +20:21.960 --> 20:24.980 +Chinatown. Let's speed up this overloaded + +20:24.980 --> 20:26.840 +line. Let's give the Mission District + +20:26.840 --> 20:29.600 +direct access to north of Market sections. + +20:33.660 --> 20:35.760 +No mother likes this kind of a situation + +20:35.760 --> 20:38.200 +involving school children. We spend + +20:38.200 --> 20:40.820 +millions for schoolroom education. Let's + +20:40.820 --> 20:42.840 +spend something on traffic and safety. + +20:44.440 --> 20:46.600 +What are we doing for our war workers? + +20:47.120 --> 20:49.760 +These tired men coming off shift need + +20:49.760 --> 20:52.140 +speedy service home for a well-earned + +20:52.140 --> 20:52.320 +rest. + +20:57.120 --> 21:00.060 +Instead, they keep right on working, + +21:00.160 --> 21:02.700 +working as you do for a place on an + +21:02.700 --> 21:05.320 +overcrowded bus or streetcar and often + +21:05.320 --> 21:07.280 +payment of two fares before they reach + +21:07.280 --> 21:10.280 +home. These are not shoppers waiting for + +21:10.280 --> 21:12.380 +rationed meat, these are war plant workers + +21:12.380 --> 21:14.720 +waiting in line for a chance to ride home. + +21:15.220 --> 21:18.260 +They deserve that chance and you deserve + +21:18.260 --> 21:22.520 +that chance. Think of the thousands of + +21:22.520 --> 21:24.360 +hours we lose daily by transportation + +21:24.360 --> 21:26.920 +delays. Think of the ships and bombers + +21:26.920 --> 21:28.660 +that might have been built with this lost + +21:28.660 --> 21:32.380 +time. We can't afford it. We need those + +21:32.380 --> 21:33.360 +ships and bombers. + +21:37.440 --> 21:40.280 +Scores of streetcars now lie unused in car + +21:40.280 --> 21:43.080 +barns and shops. All these can be put to + +21:43.080 --> 21:45.200 +work on idle track space on Market and + +21:45.200 --> 21:47.580 +Mission streets. Let's use them. + +21:50.980 --> 21:53.380 +Under one management and with one fare + +21:53.380 --> 21:56.620 +anywhere, these idle cars can carry 20,000 + +21:56.620 --> 21:58.440 +more people every day during the rush + +21:58.440 --> 22:01.660 +hours alone. It came like this and better. + +22:02.140 --> 22:05.340 +New, noiseless, speedy, streamlined cars. + +22:05.820 --> 22:07.920 +Fast, modern motor coaches taking the + +22:07.920 --> 22:09.800 +places of street cars wherever possible. + +22:10.440 --> 22:12.880 +Only in this way can San Francisco get rid + +22:12.880 --> 22:15.080 +of two of the four tracks on Market + +22:15.080 --> 22:17.660 +Street. You would like that, wouldn't you? + +22:18.320 --> 22:21.300 +These are hopes for the future. They are + +22:21.300 --> 22:23.600 +more than hopes, they are necessities. if + +22:23.600 --> 22:26.160 +the city we all love is not to strangle + +22:26.160 --> 22:28.020 +from its congestions and bottlenecks. + +22:29.060 --> 22:31.280 +Let's take the necessary step Tuesday, + +22:31.660 --> 22:34.640 +April 20th. Let's consolidate the existing + +22:34.640 --> 22:36.700 +systems without one cent of cost to + +22:36.700 --> 22:39.320 +taxpayers. The entire bill will be paid + +22:39.320 --> 22:41.700 +from revenues now swollen because there + +22:41.700 --> 22:44.960 +are so many newcomers here. This is the + +22:44.960 --> 22:48.160 +city that knows how, and here's how. Now + +22:48.160 --> 22:51.920 +vote yes on Tuesday for better service at + +22:51.920 --> 22:56.000 +no added cost. Let's forget our pet peeves + +22:56.000 --> 22:58.160 +and our prejudices. Let's think of the + +22:58.160 --> 23:00.500 +needs of our city and our country. Let's + +23:00.500 --> 23:03.340 +do something for San Francisco. Are you + +23:03.340 --> 23:05.900 +listening, San Francisco? This is the + +23:05.900 --> 23:07.700 +message of the Citizens Committee for + +23:07.700 --> 23:10.040 +Better Streetcar Service. We're voting yes + +23:10.040 --> 23:11.540 +for your future on Tuesday. + +23:45.000 --> 23:50.900 + And all along the way + +23:51.420 --> 23:57.740 +We're building a dream for tomorrow We're + +23:57.740 --> 24:03.860 +building a dream for tomorrow Where trains + +24:03.860 --> 24:06.960 +that cross the hills and land Go through + +24:06.960 --> 24:11.220 +the town by night and day And sunshine + +24:11.220 --> 24:15.260 +touches every hand In parks where children + +24:15.260 --> 24:22.740 +play Over the hills and all along the way + +24:22.740 --> 24:29.680 +We're building a dream for tomorrow We're + +24:29.680 --> 24:35.340 +building a dream for tomorrow We're + +24:35.340 --> 24:41.060 +building a dream for tomorrow We're + +24:41.060 --> 24:44.400 +building a dream for tomorrow + +24:48.320 --> 24:51.400 +Along the way, in three counties, BART is + +24:51.400 --> 24:53.840 +building a high-speed rail rapid transit + +24:53.840 --> 24:56.000 +system planned for your convenience, + +24:56.340 --> 24:58.720 +designed for your comfort, and + +24:58.720 --> 25:00.920 +deliberately aimed at giving you a safer, + +25:01.060 --> 25:03.360 +faster, more economical ride than your + +25:03.360 --> 25:06.140 +automobile. Fully aware, as Lewis Mumford + +25:06.140 --> 25:08.740 +says, that a city exists not for the + +25:08.740 --> 25:11.100 +constant passage of motor cars, but for + +25:11.100 --> 25:13.960 +the care and culture of men. Cities will + +25:13.960 --> 25:16.760 +maintain their character, too. unscarred + +25:16.760 --> 25:19.060 +by heavy concrete swaths of freeway, + +25:19.820 --> 25:21.720 +freeways that carry the extravagance of + +25:21.720 --> 25:24.700 +one car, one passenger, mostly at a + +25:24.700 --> 25:28.560 +standstill. Instead, bark trains carrying + +25:28.560 --> 25:30.960 +thousands of comfortably seated passengers + +25:30.960 --> 25:33.580 +will glide quietly through the bay tube, + +25:33.860 --> 25:37.260 +under the ferry building, and into the + +25:37.260 --> 25:38.120 +Market Street subway. + +25:41.820 --> 25:45.180 +And when it's completed, you and the Bay + +25:45.180 --> 25:47.860 +Area will not only feel better, you'll + +25:47.860 --> 25:51.020 +both look better. In the Powell Street + +25:51.020 --> 25:53.120 +Station you'll look something like this. + +25:53.860 --> 25:56.960 +Along the way you may stop at a magazine + +25:56.960 --> 25:59.740 +stand, buy commute tickets from the + +25:59.740 --> 26:02.520 +automatic vending machine, enjoy the + +26:02.520 --> 26:05.080 +clean, spacious, architect-designed + +26:05.080 --> 26:07.740 +station, and then you'll board a train, + +26:07.960 --> 26:11.540 +carpet it, air-conditioned, and settle + +26:11.540 --> 26:15.140 +into an extra-wide foam rubber seat. Over + +26:15.140 --> 26:19.960 +the hills and all along the way we're + +26:19.960 --> 26:25.600 +building a dream for tomorrow. We're + +26:25.600 --> 26:29.180 +building a dream for tomorrow. + +26:59.600 --> 27:01.840 +Our commuters get one of the most exciting + +27:01.840 --> 27:05.680 +rides in the world. And boy, what a view! + +27:16.600 --> 27:19.080 +Ah, there's that spice and coffee smell + +27:19.080 --> 27:19.360 +again. + +27:51.400 --> 27:54.040 +One of the busiest intercity transit lines + +27:54.040 --> 27:56.360 +in the world safely delivers another + +27:56.360 --> 27:59.140 +trainload to the busiest terminal in + +27:59.140 --> 27:59.460 +America. + +28:26.960 --> 28:27.160 +you + +28:56.960 --> 28:57.160 +you + +29:26.960 --> 29:27.160 +you + +29:56.960 --> 29:57.160 +you + +30:26.960 --> 30:27.160 +you + +30:56.960 --> 30:57.160 +you + +31:26.960 --> 31:27.160 +you + +31:56.960 --> 31:57.160 +you + +32:26.960 --> 32:27.160 +you + +32:56.960 --> 32:57.160 +you + +33:26.960 --> 33:27.160 +you + +33:56.960 --> 33:57.160 +you + +34:26.960 --> 34:27.160 +you + +34:56.960 --> 34:57.160 +you + +35:26.960 --> 35:27.160 +you + +35:56.960 --> 35:57.160 +you + +36:26.960 --> 36:27.160 +you + +36:56.960 --> 36:57.160 +you + +37:26.960 --> 37:27.160 +you + +37:56.960 --> 37:57.160 +you + +38:26.960 --> 38:27.160 +you + +38:56.960 --> 38:57.160 +you + +39:26.960 --> 39:27.160 +you + +39:56.960 --> 39:57.160 +you + +40:26.960 --> 40:27.160 +you + +40:56.960 --> 40:57.160 +you + +41:26.960 --> 41:27.160 +you + +41:56.960 --> 41:57.160 +you + +42:26.960 --> 42:27.160 +you + +42:56.960 --> 42:57.160 +you + +43:26.960 --> 43:27.160 +you + +43:56.960 --> 43:57.160 +you + +44:26.960 --> 44:27.160 +you + +44:56.960 --> 44:57.160 +you + +45:26.960 --> 45:27.160 +you + +45:56.960 --> 45:57.160 +you + +46:26.960 --> 46:27.160 +you + +46:56.960 --> 46:57.160 +you + +47:26.960 --> 47:27.160 +you + +47:56.960 --> 47:57.160 +you + +48:26.960 --> 48:27.160 +you + +48:56.960 --> 48:57.160 +you + +49:26.960 --> 49:27.160 +you + +49:56.960 --> 49:57.160 +you + +50:26.960 --> 50:27.160 +you + +50:56.960 --> 50:57.160 +you + +51:26.960 --> 51:27.160 +you + +51:56.960 --> 51:57.160 +you + +52:26.960 --> 52:27.160 +you + +52:56.960 --> 52:57.160 +you + +53:26.960 --> 53:27.160 +you + +53:56.960 --> 53:57.160 +you + +54:26.960 --> 54:27.160 +you + +54:56.960 --> 54:57.160 +you + +55:26.960 --> 55:27.160 +you + +55:56.960 --> 55:57.160 +you + +56:26.960 --> 56:27.160 +you + +56:56.960 --> 56:57.160 +you + +57:26.960 --> 57:27.160 +you + +57:56.960 --> 57:57.160 +you + +58:26.960 --> 58:27.160 +you + +58:56.960 --> 58:57.160 +you + +59:26.960 --> 59:27.160 +you + +59:56.960 --> 59:57.160 +you + +01:00:54.860 --> 01:00:59.020 +The Golden Thames Society I know I live + +01:00:59.020 --> 01:01:03.380 +there on the tower. Seagulls, pigeons, but + +01:01:03.380 --> 01:01:09.060 +I like it. Yeah, we dig it the most. On + +01:01:09.060 --> 01:01:11.380 +the tower I can see everything. Once in a + +01:01:11.380 --> 01:01:12.040 +while I spy. + +01:01:15.780 --> 01:01:19.660 +I see the shoes. They think they're the + +01:01:19.660 --> 01:01:23.460 +toughest, but not the bosses. But I don't + +01:01:23.460 --> 01:01:27.520 +blame them. Nothing to do If I had + +01:01:27.520 --> 01:01:30.440 +something like that on my corner I'd + +01:01:30.440 --> 01:01:35.640 +shimmy shimmy Cocoa too The mole You can + +01:01:35.640 --> 01:01:39.740 +always tell Flat feet Ace on every corner + +01:01:39.740 --> 01:01:42.800 +Don't look too hard fellas They got guns + +01:01:42.800 --> 01:01:47.480 +You got a thousand fellas The king In this + +01:01:47.480 --> 01:01:51.300 +tough sheen It's the bosses Because it's + +01:01:51.300 --> 01:01:55.100 +borrowed written from some honor at night + +01:01:55.100 --> 01:01:57.940 +can always tell that's the lonely one + +01:02:01.800 --> 01:02:05.700 +bet you some parts of mission could always + +01:02:05.700 --> 01:02:10.000 +tell thousand every corner hair was a + +01:02:10.000 --> 01:02:12.840 +crime they'd be right on death row with + +01:02:12.840 --> 01:02:17.260 +chestnut look + +01:02:17.260 --> 01:02:20.480 +out old man And look out, old man. Mike is + +01:02:20.480 --> 01:02:24.220 +on the scene. Head first. Fight up, + +01:02:24.220 --> 01:02:27.220 +fellas. Didn't cost me anything. Five + +01:02:27.220 --> 01:02:30.080 +fingers and a quick getaway. Some store + +01:02:30.080 --> 01:02:30.520 +suffers. + +01:02:47.900 --> 01:02:48.100 +you + +01:03:17.900 --> 01:03:18.100 +you + +01:03:47.900 --> 01:03:48.100 +you + +01:04:17.900 --> 01:04:18.100 +you + +01:04:47.900 --> 01:04:48.100 +you + +01:05:36.560 --> 01:05:40.760 +San Francisco, within its 45 square miles, + +01:05:40.900 --> 01:05:42.640 +is contained one of the most colorful and + +01:05:42.640 --> 01:05:43.900 +and romantic cities in the world. + +01:05:45.100 --> 01:05:47.340 +Approaching from the south, the traveler + +01:05:47.340 --> 01:05:49.180 +views with sudden excitement the city + +01:05:49.180 --> 01:05:50.840 +thrusting its white towers into the blue + +01:05:50.840 --> 01:05:51.680 +California sky. + +01:05:55.380 --> 01:05:57.300 +But it is from the east that the city + +01:05:57.300 --> 01:05:59.960 +reveals its famous profile, framed by the + +01:05:59.960 --> 01:06:01.320 +silver towers of the Bay Bridge. + +01:06:22.440 --> 01:06:24.660 +Credited with having stopped the onslaught + +01:06:24.660 --> 01:06:27.800 +of the 1906 fire, Venice Avenue still + +01:06:27.800 --> 01:06:30.100 +remains one of San Francisco's broadest + +01:06:30.100 --> 01:06:30.640 +thoroughfares. + +01:06:38.440 --> 01:06:40.660 +California Palace of the Legion of Honor, + +01:06:40.660 --> 01:06:43.780 +one of San Francisco's finest museums is + +01:06:43.780 --> 01:06:46.040 +an exact replica of the Legion of Honor in + +01:06:46.040 --> 01:06:46.320 +Paris. + +01:06:57.000 --> 01:06:59.820 +The once gay resort of the 90s is now a + +01:06:59.820 --> 01:07:01.420 +modern restaurant fronting the Pacific + +01:07:01.420 --> 01:07:03.940 +Ocean and overlooking Seals Rocks. + +01:07:12.740 --> 01:07:15.300 +A ride on the newly installed Sky Tram + +01:07:15.300 --> 01:07:16.680 +should be included in the tourist + +01:07:16.680 --> 01:07:17.260 +itinerary. + +01:08:00.680 --> 01:08:03.180 +Just below the Cliff House is a year-round + +01:08:03.180 --> 01:08:04.080 +amusement park. Park. + +01:09:02.620 --> 01:09:04.020 + + +01:09:20.580 --> 01:09:22.800 +Leaving the recreational areas that border + +01:09:22.800 --> 01:09:24.640 +the ocean, we turn eastward towards the + +01:09:24.640 --> 01:09:25.260 +heart of the city. + +01:09:34.700 --> 01:09:39.680 +city. In the center of the city rise San + +01:09:39.680 --> 01:09:41.400 +Francisco's famous Twin Peaks. + +01:09:48.220 --> 01:09:51.100 +reached by a spiraling road the summit + +01:09:51.100 --> 01:09:52.980 +commands a spectacular view of the + +01:09:52.980 --> 01:09:53.720 +encircling city + +01:10:23.740 --> 01:10:26.480 +Market Street, the main arterial through + +01:10:26.480 --> 01:10:29.060 +the downtown area, stretches like a broad + +01:10:29.060 --> 01:10:30.800 +ribbon from Twin Peaks to the Ferry + +01:10:30.800 --> 01:10:31.100 +Building. + +01:10:54.760 --> 01:10:57.100 +The busy intersection of Powell and Market + +01:10:57.100 --> 01:10:59.580 +Streets in downtown San Francisco is + +01:10:59.580 --> 01:11:01.420 +located one of the terminals of the Powell + +01:11:01.420 --> 01:11:04.740 +Street cable car line. To reverse their + +01:11:04.740 --> 01:11:07.360 +direction, the cable cars are pushed onto + +01:11:07.360 --> 01:11:09.540 +the unique turntable and swung around + +01:11:09.540 --> 01:11:11.080 +manually by the motor man and the + +01:11:11.080 --> 01:11:13.180 +conductor, much to the delight of the + +01:11:13.180 --> 01:11:14.160 +riders and spectators. + +01:11:26.300 --> 01:11:28.520 +There is no end to the interesting places + +01:11:28.520 --> 01:11:31.020 +one may visit in San Francisco, the ferry + +01:11:31.020 --> 01:11:33.080 +the library building, the churches and + +01:11:33.080 --> 01:11:33.520 +colleges. + +01:11:36.460 --> 01:11:38.780 +Or the tourist may prefer a leisurely + +01:11:38.780 --> 01:11:40.780 +drive along the many scenic boulevards. + +01:11:51.280 --> 01:11:53.800 +For the true adventurer, there is that + +01:11:53.800 --> 01:11:57.680 +final thrill, a ride down the world's most + +01:11:57.680 --> 01:12:01.340 +crooked streets. Eight hairpin turns in a + +01:12:01.340 --> 01:12:02.000 +single block. + +01:12:36.740 --> 01:12:39.860 +San Francisco, the cosmopolitan city, + +01:12:40.020 --> 01:12:46.620 +queen of the Pacific, the city by the + +01:12:46.620 --> 01:12:47.360 +Golden Gate, + +01:12:50.720 --> 01:12:53.640 +Truly the city of many wonders. + +01:13:17.360 --> 01:13:17.560 +you + +01:13:47.360 --> 01:13:47.560 +you + +01:14:19.860 --> 01:14:21.260 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/LLSF_7_20121209_mp4.vtt-diff.html b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/LLSF_7_20121209_mp4.vtt-diff.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eacae73 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/LLSF_7_20121209_mp4.vtt-diff.html @@ -0,0 +1,226 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

reference
transcript
n1you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you n1you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you 
>you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you .>you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you Tell Miss Hills the 
 >city now presents a complex traffic problem because most of its long street car 
 >lines must funnel into Market Street.
2Tell Miss Hills the city now presents a complex traffic problem, because most of
> its long streetcar lines must funnel into Market Street. 
3This is true because there are no streets parallel to Market on the north side.2This is true because there are no streets parallel to Market on the north side.
4As the city grows, the Market Street bottleneck draws tighter and tighter.3As the city grows, the Market Street bottleneck draws tighter and tighter.
5Unless relief is found, this condition will seriously hamper the city's growth a4Unless relief is found, this condition will seriously hamper the city's growth a
>nd progress.>nd progress.
6Market Street as it looks today from a balcony at Fifth Street.5Market Street as it looks today from a balcony at Fifth Street.
n7This, as you all know, is just an average crowd trying to find a way to get homen6This, as you all know, is just an an average crowd trying to find a way to get h
>.>ome.
8From the balcony, the cable car turns on Powell Street.7From the balcony, the cable car turns on Powell Street.
9The cable car is a San Francisco invention, and our visitors never quit talking 8The cable car is a San Francisco invention, and our visitors never quit talking 
>about it.>about it.
10We'll probably always have at least one cable car route here, just as a tourist 9We'll probably always have at least one cable car route here, just as a tourist 
>attraction.>attraction.
t11We all ride to work, but how we have to work to ride?t10We all ride to work, but how we have to work to ride.
12Here's a rush hour example.11Here's a rush hour example.
13People stand in safety zones hoping the inspector will find room for them up fro12People stand in safety zones hoping the inspector will find room for them up fro
>nt.>nt.
14But the space is all taken and disappointed patrons are turned away.13But the space is all taken and disappointed patrons are turned away.
15Here's why.14Here's why.
16Too many cars are on the outside tracks owned by the municipal railway.15Too many cars are on the outside tracks owned by the municipal railway.
17The The inside tracks owned by Market Street Railway are not used to capacity.16The The inside tracks owned by Market Street Railway are not used to capacity.
18If these two systems are consolidated, the traffic burden will be equally distri17If these two systems are consolidated, the traffic burden will be equally distri
>buted so that everybody can ride.>buted so that everybody can ride.
19One fare anywhere will do the trick.18One fare anywhere will do the trick.
20The unequal burden causes this, inconvenient, dangerous, and entirely unnecessar19The unequal burden causes this, inconvenient, dangerous, and entirely unnecessar
>y.>y.
21When Madame Chiang Kai-shek was here, the traffic burden everywhere was too grea20When Madame Chiang Kai-shek was here, the traffic burden everywhere was too grea
>t under three systems, three managements, and three fares.>t under three systems, three managements, and three fares.
22We'll all agree this is a beautiful scene, but the discomfort and inconvenience 21We'll all agree this is a beautiful scene, but the discomfort and inconvenience 
>are there just the same.>are there just the same.
23We can correct this situation with one management, one fare anywhere, and free t22We can correct this situation with one management, one fare anywhere, and free t
>ransfers everywhere.>ransfers everywhere.
24This serious bottleneck at Stockton and Market Streets can be broken.23This serious bottleneck at Stockton and Market Streets can be broken.
25Instead of turning F cars back here, let's send them across Market Street to the24Instead of turning F cars back here, let's send them across Market Street to the
> Southern Pacific Depot, giving a new cross-town service to the Marina, North Be> Southern Pacific Depot, giving a new cross-town service to the Marina, North Be
>ach, and Chinatown.>ach, and Chinatown.
26Let's speed up this overloaded line.25Let's speed up this overloaded line.
27Let's give the Mission District direct access to north of Market sections.26Let's give the Mission District direct access to north of Market sections.
28No mother likes this kind of a situation involving school children.27No mother likes this kind of a situation involving school children.
29We spend millions for schoolroom education.28We spend millions for schoolroom education.
30Let's spend something on traffic and safety.29Let's spend something on traffic and safety.
31What are we doing for our war workers?30What are we doing for our war workers?
32These tired men coming off shift need speedy service home for a well-earned rest31These tired men coming off shift need speedy service home for a well-earned rest
>.>.
33Instead, they keep right on working, working as you do for a place on an overcro32Instead, they keep right on working, working as you do for a place on an overcro
>wded bus or streetcar and often payment of two fares before they reach home.>wded bus or streetcar and often payment of two fares before they reach home.
34These are not shoppers waiting for rationed meat, these are war plant workers wa33These are not shoppers waiting for rationed meat, these are war plant workers wa
>iting in line for a chance to ride home.>iting in line for a chance to ride home.
35They deserve that chance and you deserve that chance.34They deserve that chance and you deserve that chance.
36Think of the thousands of hours we lose daily by transportation delays.35Think of the thousands of hours we lose daily by transportation delays.
37Think of the ships and bombers that might have been built with this lost time.36Think of the ships and bombers that might have been built with this lost time.
38We can't afford it.37We can't afford it.
39We need those ships and bombers.38We need those ships and bombers.
40Scores of streetcars now lie unused in car barns and shops.39Scores of streetcars now lie unused in car barns and shops.
41All these can be put to work on idle track space on Market and Mission streets.40All these can be put to work on idle track space on Market and Mission streets.
42Let's use them.41Let's use them.
43Under one management and with one fare anywhere, these idle cars can carry 20,0042Under one management and with one fare anywhere, these idle cars can carry 20,00
>0 more people every day during the rush hours alone.>0 more people every day during the rush hours alone.
44It came like this and better.43It came like this and better.
45New, noiseless, speedy, streamlined cars.44New, noiseless, speedy, streamlined cars.
46Fast, modern motor coaches taking the places of street cars wherever possible.45Fast, modern motor coaches taking the places of street cars wherever possible.
47Only in this way can San Francisco get rid of two of the four tracks on Market S46Only in this way can San Francisco get rid of two of the four tracks on Market S
>treet.>treet.
48You would like that, wouldn't you?47You would like that, wouldn't you?
49These are hopes for the future.48These are hopes for the future.
50They are more than hopes, they are necessities.49They are more than hopes, they are necessities.
51if the city we all love is not to strangle from its congestions and bottlenecks.50if the city we all love is not to strangle from its congestions and bottlenecks.
52Let's take the necessary step Tuesday, April 20th.51Let's take the necessary step Tuesday, April 20th.
53Let's consolidate the existing systems without one cent of cost to taxpayers.52Let's consolidate the existing systems without one cent of cost to taxpayers.
54The entire bill will be paid from revenues now swollen because there are so many53The entire bill will be paid from revenues now swollen because there are so many
> newcomers here.> newcomers here.
55This is the city that knows how, and here's how.54This is the city that knows how, and here's how.
56Now vote yes on Tuesday for better service at no added cost.55Now vote yes on Tuesday for better service at no added cost.
57Let's forget our pet peeves and our prejudices.56Let's forget our pet peeves and our prejudices.
58Let's think of the needs of our city and our country.57Let's think of the needs of our city and our country.
59Let's do something for San Francisco.58Let's do something for San Francisco.
60Are you listening, San Francisco?59Are you listening, San Francisco?
61This is the message of the Citizens Committee for Better Streetcar Service.60This is the message of the Citizens Committee for Better Streetcar Service.
62We're voting yes for your future on Tuesday.61We're voting yes for your future on Tuesday.
63And all along the way We're building a dream for tomorrow We're building a dream62And all along the way We're building a dream for tomorrow We're building a dream
> for tomorrow Where trains that cross the hills and land Go through the town by > for tomorrow Where trains that cross the hills and land Go through the town by 
>night and day And sunshine touches every hand In parks where children play Over >night and day And sunshine touches every hand In parks where children play Over 
>the hills and all along the way We're building a dream for tomorrow We're buildi>the hills and all along the way We're building a dream for tomorrow We're buildi
>ng a dream for tomorrow We're building a dream for tomorrow We're building a dre>ng a dream for tomorrow We're building a dream for tomorrow We're building a dre
>am for tomorrow Along the way, in three counties, BART is building a high-speed >am for tomorrow Along the way, in three counties, BART is building a high-speed 
>rail rapid transit system planned for your convenience, designed for your comfor>rail rapid transit system planned for your convenience, designed for your comfor
>t, and deliberately aimed at giving you a safer, faster, more economical ride th>t, and deliberately aimed at giving you a safer, faster, more economical ride th
>an your automobile.>an your automobile.
64Fully aware, as Lewis Mumford says, that a city exists not for the constant pass63Fully aware, as Lewis Mumford says, that a city exists not for the constant pass
>age of motor cars, but for the care and culture of men.>age of motor cars, but for the care and culture of men.
65Cities will maintain their character, too.64Cities will maintain their character, too.
66unscarred by heavy concrete swaths of freeway, freeways that carry the extravaga65unscarred by heavy concrete swaths of freeway, freeways that carry the extravaga
>nce of one car, one passenger, mostly at a standstill.>nce of one car, one passenger, mostly at a standstill.
67Instead, bark trains carrying thousands of comfortably seated passengers will gl66Instead, bark trains carrying thousands of comfortably seated passengers will gl
>ide quietly through the bay tube, under the ferry building, and into the Market >ide quietly through the bay tube, under the ferry building, and into the Market 
>Street subway.>Street subway.
68And when it's completed, you and the Bay Area will not only feel better, you'll 67And when it's completed, you and the Bay Area will not only feel better, you'll 
>both look better.>both look better.
69In the Powell Street Station you'll look something like this.68In the Powell Street Station you'll look something like this.
70Along the way you may stop at a magazine stand, buy commute tickets from the aut69Along the way you may stop at a magazine stand, buy commute tickets from the aut
>omatic vending machine, enjoy the clean, spacious, architect-designed station, a>omatic vending machine, enjoy the clean, spacious, architect-designed station, a
>nd then you'll board a train, carpet it, air-conditioned, and settle into an ext>nd then you'll board a train, carpet it, air-conditioned, and settle into an ext
>ra-wide foam rubber seat.>ra-wide foam rubber seat.
71Over the hills and all along the way we're building a dream for tomorrow.70Over the hills and all along the way we're building a dream for tomorrow.
72We're building a dream for tomorrow.71We're building a dream for tomorrow.
73Our commuters get one of the most exciting rides in the world.72Our commuters get one of the most exciting rides in the world.
74And boy, what a view! Ah, there's that spice and coffee smell again.73And boy, what a view! Ah, there's that spice and coffee smell again.
75One of the busiest intercity transit lines in the world safely delivers another 74One of the busiest intercity transit lines in the world safely delivers another 
>trainload to the busiest terminal in America.>trainload to the busiest terminal in America.
76you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you 75you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you 
>you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you >you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you 
>you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you >you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you you 
>you you you you The Golden Thames Society I know I live there on the tower.>you you you you The Golden Thames Society I know I live there on the tower.
77Seagulls, pigeons, but I like it.76Seagulls, pigeons, but I like it.
78Yeah, we dig it the most.77Yeah, we dig it the most.
79On the tower I can see everything.78On the tower I can see everything.
80Once in a while I spy.79Once in a while I spy.
81I see the shoes.80I see the shoes.
82They think they're the toughest, but not the bosses.81They think they're the toughest, but not the bosses.
83But I don't blame them.82But I don't blame them.
84Nothing to do If I had something like that on my corner I'd shimmy shimmy Cocoa 83Nothing to do If I had something like that on my corner I'd shimmy shimmy Cocoa 
>too The mole You can always tell Flat feet Ace on every corner Don't look too ha>too The mole You can always tell Flat feet Ace on every corner Don't look too ha
>rd fellas They got guns You got a thousand fellas The king In this tough sheen I>rd fellas They got guns You got a thousand fellas The king In this tough sheen I
>t's the bosses Because it's borrowed written from some honor at night can always>t's the bosses Because it's borrowed written from some honor at night can always
> tell that's the lonely one bet you some parts of mission could always tell thou> tell that's the lonely one bet you some parts of mission could always tell thou
>sand every corner hair was a crime they'd be right on death row with chestnut lo>sand every corner hair was a crime they'd be right on death row with chestnut lo
>ok out old man And look out, old man.>ok out old man And look out, old man.
85Mike is on the scene.84Mike is on the scene.
86Head first.85Head first.
87Fight up, fellas.86Fight up, fellas.
88Didn't cost me anything.87Didn't cost me anything.
89Five fingers and a quick getaway.88Five fingers and a quick getaway.
90Some store suffers.89Some store suffers.
91you you you you you San Francisco, within its 45 square miles, is contained one 90you you you you you San Francisco, within its 45 square miles, is contained one 
>of the most colorful and and romantic cities in the world.>of the most colorful and and romantic cities in the world.
92Approaching from the south, the traveler views with sudden excitement the city t91Approaching from the south, the traveler views with sudden excitement the city t
>hrusting its white towers into the blue California sky.>hrusting its white towers into the blue California sky.
93But it is from the east that the city reveals its famous profile, framed by the 92But it is from the east that the city reveals its famous profile, framed by the 
>silver towers of the Bay Bridge.>silver towers of the Bay Bridge.
94Credited with having stopped the onslaught of the 1906 fire, Venice Avenue still93Credited with having stopped the onslaught of the 1906 fire, Venice Avenue still
> remains one of San Francisco's broadest thoroughfares.> remains one of San Francisco's broadest thoroughfares.
95California Palace of the Legion of Honor, one of San Francisco's finest museums 94California Palace of the Legion of Honor, one of San Francisco's finest museums 
>is an exact replica of the Legion of Honor in Paris.>is an exact replica of the Legion of Honor in Paris.
96The once gay resort of the 90s is now a modern restaurant fronting the Pacific O95The once gay resort of the 90s is now a modern restaurant fronting the Pacific O
>cean and overlooking Seals Rocks.>cean and overlooking Seals Rocks.
97A ride on the newly installed Sky Tram should be included in the tourist itinera96A ride on the newly installed Sky Tram should be included in the tourist itinera
>ry.>ry.
98Just below the Cliff House is a year-round amusement park.97Just below the Cliff House is a year-round amusement park.
99Park.98Park.
100Leaving the recreational areas that border the ocean, we turn eastward towards t99Leaving the recreational areas that border the ocean, we turn eastward towards t
>he heart of the city.>he heart of the city.
101city.100city.
102In the center of the city rise San Francisco's famous Twin Peaks.101In the center of the city rise San Francisco's famous Twin Peaks.
103reached by a spiraling road the summit commands a spectacular view of the encirc102reached by a spiraling road the summit commands a spectacular view of the encirc
>ling city Market Street, the main arterial through the downtown area, stretches >ling city Market Street, the main arterial through the downtown area, stretches 
>like a broad ribbon from Twin Peaks to the Ferry Building.>like a broad ribbon from Twin Peaks to the Ferry Building.
104The busy intersection of Powell and Market Streets in downtown San Francisco is 103The busy intersection of Powell and Market Streets in downtown San Francisco is 
>located one of the terminals of the Powell Street cable car line.>located one of the terminals of the Powell Street cable car line.
105To reverse their direction, the cable cars are pushed onto the unique turntable 104To reverse their direction, the cable cars are pushed onto the unique turntable 
>and swung around manually by the motor man and the conductor, much to the deligh>and swung around manually by the motor man and the conductor, much to the deligh
>t of the riders and spectators.>t of the riders and spectators.
106There is no end to the interesting places one may visit in San Francisco, the fe105There is no end to the interesting places one may visit in San Francisco, the fe
>rry the library building, the churches and colleges.>rry the library building, the churches and colleges.
107Or the tourist may prefer a leisurely drive along the many scenic boulevards.106Or the tourist may prefer a leisurely drive along the many scenic boulevards.
108For the true adventurer, there is that final thrill, a ride down the world's mos107For the true adventurer, there is that final thrill, a ride down the world's mos
>t crooked streets.>t crooked streets.
109Eight hairpin turns in a single block.108Eight hairpin turns in a single block.
110San Francisco, the cosmopolitan city, queen of the Pacific, the city by the Gold109San Francisco, the cosmopolitan city, queen of the Pacific, the city by the Gold
>en Gate, Truly the city of many wonders.>en Gate, Truly the city of many wonders.
111you you Thank you.110you you Thank you.
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+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bb158br2509_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bb158br2509_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2595b4d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bb158br2509_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1778 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:02.060 --> 00:03.900 +All right, now first of all, I'd like to + +00:03.900 --> 00:08.700 +get some background questions. What year + +00:08.700 --> 00:12.100 +are you in college? Senior. And where do + +00:12.100 --> 00:14.520 +you go to college? Stanford. And how many + +00:14.520 --> 00:17.620 +years have you been here? All four. What + +00:17.620 --> 00:19.460 +is your major field of study at Stanford? + +00:19.600 --> 00:23.340 +Oh, it's mathematics. And what do you plan + +00:23.340 --> 00:26.800 +to do after graduation? Computer + +00:26.800 --> 00:30.780 +programming. In this area? Yeah, in San + +00:30.780 --> 00:35.660 +Francisco. Where is your permanent address + +00:35.660 --> 00:37.140 +when you're not living in San Francisco? + +00:37.220 --> 00:42.440 +It's in Fresno, California. And where did + +00:42.440 --> 00:46.140 +you go to high school? In Fresno, McLean + +00:46.140 --> 00:49.620 +High School. Now, did you have much + +00:49.620 --> 00:52.560 +contact with people of different racial or + +00:52.560 --> 00:54.500 +ethnic backgrounds in the high school that + +00:54.500 --> 00:57.140 +you went to? No, there was very little. It + +00:57.140 --> 01:00.340 +was in the part of town where there + +01:00.340 --> 01:03.460 +weren't very many people from other racial + +01:03.460 --> 01:07.460 +groups. Now if you can think back to the + +01:07.460 --> 01:11.320 +time before you came to Stanford as a + +01:11.320 --> 01:13.140 +freshman, can you remember then what your + +01:13.140 --> 01:14.800 +feeling towards civil rights was? + +01:18.260 --> 01:25.160 +Well, I thought that everybody should have + +01:25.160 --> 01:26.920 +the same rights that they didn't, but they + +01:26.920 --> 01:30.880 +should have. People, you know, of all + +01:30.880 --> 01:34.380 +races and groups. Now, would you say that + +01:34.380 --> 01:37.260 +your opinion towards civil rights has + +01:37.260 --> 01:39.600 +changed since coming to Stanford, and if + +01:39.600 --> 01:44.300 +so, how? Well, I've felt more strongly in + +01:44.300 --> 01:46.880 +favor of civil rights, especially since + +01:46.880 --> 01:50.100 +it's become more of an issue since I've + +01:50.100 --> 01:53.340 +been in college. Would you say that you + +01:53.340 --> 01:55.140 +have become more aware of civil rights? + +01:55.360 --> 01:58.260 +Yes, definitely. And what do you think + +01:58.260 --> 02:01.400 +would be the main sources of awareness? + +02:03.460 --> 02:06.900 +Well, a lot of it, like I said, has become + +02:06.900 --> 02:10.420 +an issue. And on college campuses too, or + +02:10.420 --> 02:13.000 +at Stanford, it sort of has become more of + +02:13.000 --> 02:15.800 +an issue. There's more, you can't really + +02:15.800 --> 02:18.220 +avoid the issue anymore. At home, my + +02:18.220 --> 02:21.700 +parents were not exactly tolerant. And + +02:21.700 --> 02:23.500 +they just, I mean, we just didn't discuss + +02:23.500 --> 02:25.720 +it very much at home. But here there's + +02:25.720 --> 02:30.200 +more discussion of it. Well, has your + +02:30.200 --> 02:32.220 +exposure to the Civil Rights Movement been + +02:32.220 --> 02:35.840 +mainly through the mass media, or through + +02:35.840 --> 02:38.280 +talking with friends in the dormitory, or + +02:38.280 --> 02:41.200 +other people that perhaps have gone to + +02:41.200 --> 02:44.760 +work in the Civil Rights Movement? Mostly + +02:44.760 --> 02:49.260 +through the mass media. Some discussion, + +02:49.440 --> 02:51.240 +but not too much. A lot of it's just been, + +02:51.260 --> 02:54.020 +yeah, reading about it, or hearing about + +02:54.020 --> 02:58.620 +it on the news. Now, do you discuss + +02:58.620 --> 03:01.580 +political or social or racial issues very + +03:01.580 --> 03:06.840 +much with your family? Not too much. It's + +03:06.840 --> 03:09.300 +not a subject that we bring up too much + +03:09.300 --> 03:13.020 +because we don't agree. Now, to what + +03:13.020 --> 03:16.180 +extent are you influenced by the feelings + +03:16.180 --> 03:19.040 +of your parents? In other words, if you + +03:19.040 --> 03:21.780 +were strongly in favor of something that, + +03:21.840 --> 03:24.540 +of making some decision that they were + +03:24.540 --> 03:27.520 +opposed to, would their opposition keep + +03:27.520 --> 03:30.700 +you from making that decision? No. I'd + +03:30.700 --> 03:35.520 +consider their point of view and see if + +03:35.520 --> 03:39.160 +that had any bearing on, you know, I'd + +03:39.160 --> 03:41.780 +appreciate their standpoint, but I'd make + +03:41.780 --> 03:44.840 +my own decision regardless of theirs, + +03:45.000 --> 03:48.500 +although I'd listen to what they had to + +03:48.500 --> 03:51.680 +say. Are you financially dependent on your + +03:51.680 --> 03:52.020 +parents? + +03:54.720 --> 03:58.420 +Somewhat. Not entirely. And do you think + +03:58.420 --> 04:01.460 +that this could be a factor in making you + +04:01.460 --> 04:03.860 +go along with their wishes even though you + +04:03.860 --> 04:07.540 +didn't agree with them? Well, not in any + +04:07.540 --> 04:10.040 +major... I mean, not in any personal + +04:10.040 --> 04:11.600 +thing. In things like going to college, + +04:11.640 --> 04:15.840 +yes. But in any personal thing, no. Okay, + +04:16.160 --> 04:18.640 +now you mentioned that your main exposure + +04:18.640 --> 04:20.860 +to the Civil Rights Movement has been the + +04:20.860 --> 04:24.900 +mass media. Now what would you say were + +04:24.900 --> 04:26.680 +the main goals of the Civil Rights + +04:26.680 --> 04:28.260 +Movement as you see it? + +04:32.220 --> 04:36.040 +Well, to provide the same opportunities + +04:36.040 --> 04:41.040 +for everybody, regardless of the color of + +04:41.040 --> 04:43.400 +their skin or their, mostly that's the + +04:43.400 --> 04:47.140 +issue, to give them all the rights that + +04:47.140 --> 04:51.220 +they may not have now, but should have as + +04:51.220 --> 04:53.720 +American citizens. Oh, what rights + +04:53.720 --> 04:55.520 +specifically? Well, voting rights, + +04:55.740 --> 04:59.540 +educational rights, employment + +04:59.540 --> 05:02.640 +opportunities. Are you in favor of these + +05:02.640 --> 05:06.260 +goals of the movement? as long as it's + +05:06.260 --> 05:12.080 +done without making, forcing them into + +05:12.080 --> 05:15.100 +some place where they don't, like saying, + +05:15.200 --> 05:16.880 +well, this man has to be hired because + +05:16.880 --> 05:19.400 +he's a Negro, regardless of whether he may + +05:19.400 --> 05:23.320 +not be as qualified as some white person. + +05:24.020 --> 05:26.000 +I mean, I think that they should be + +05:26.000 --> 05:29.980 +considered, regardless of it, not because + +05:29.980 --> 05:31.700 +they are a Negro or because they are + +05:31.700 --> 05:33.980 +white, but because they are qualified. I + +05:33.980 --> 05:36.400 +think there's sort of a tendency to say, + +05:36.480 --> 05:38.640 +well, now you have to give him a job + +05:38.640 --> 05:40.340 +because he's colored and you have to have + +05:40.340 --> 05:43.060 +so many colored people or something. Well, + +05:43.120 --> 05:47.060 +do you think that the movement is trying + +05:47.060 --> 05:49.100 +to take into consideration the fact that + +05:49.100 --> 05:50.980 +perhaps the Negro has been culturally + +05:50.980 --> 05:53.700 +deprived and maybe he isn't as qualified? + +05:57.720 --> 06:02.980 +I don't know. I don't think, I don't + +06:02.980 --> 06:06.880 +really think that's anything, + +06:07.180 --> 06:09.460 +that's a real apparent thing that they're + +06:09.460 --> 06:11.420 +working at. They're working, it seems to + +06:11.420 --> 06:14.220 +me like they're trying to put him in a + +06:14.220 --> 06:16.220 +position, whether or not he may be as + +06:16.220 --> 06:19.280 +qualified, to make him pretend that he's + +06:19.280 --> 06:22.160 +he's qualified, whether or not he may be, + +06:22.260 --> 06:26.300 +to say he should be qualified, even if he + +06:26.300 --> 06:29.100 +may not be as well educated. What do you + +06:29.100 --> 06:31.400 +think are the means employed by the Civil + +06:31.400 --> 06:34.700 +Rights Movement and are you in favor of + +06:34.700 --> 06:35.200 +these means? + +06:38.540 --> 06:41.080 +Some of the means I'm in favor of and some + +06:41.080 --> 06:43.500 +of them, I think, of course, part of it is + +06:43.500 --> 06:46.380 +keeping interest. I think one of their big + +06:46.380 --> 06:48.260 +things is keeping things stirred up so + +06:48.260 --> 06:49.860 +people are always aware of this instead of + +06:49.860 --> 06:52.200 +just sort of letting it go along as it has + +06:52.200 --> 06:54.240 +for the last hundred years, saying, well, + +06:54.300 --> 06:57.620 +we'll make this, we're all the same, but + +06:57.620 --> 07:02.000 +then letting people discriminate. I think + +07:02.000 --> 07:03.760 +that they're trying to keep it stirred up + +07:03.760 --> 07:05.880 +so that there's active interest and people + +07:05.880 --> 07:09.980 +become interested. But I think some of + +07:09.980 --> 07:12.620 +these South Tantics, well like the + +07:12.620 --> 07:14.680 +Scythians, sometimes they're stirring up + +07:14.680 --> 07:19.120 +antagonism that is really going to not + +07:19.120 --> 07:22.820 +help the cause by really forcing the issue + +07:22.820 --> 07:25.660 +down the throats of the Southerners who + +07:25.660 --> 07:32.440 +aren't quite willing to take it. What is + +07:32.440 --> 07:35.140 +your opinion toward the employment of + +07:35.140 --> 07:37.520 +civil disobedience? Do you feel that this + +07:37.520 --> 07:38.940 +is right or wrong as a method? + +07:42.000 --> 07:47.160 +I think that it... I don't really think + +07:47.160 --> 07:50.360 +that it's right. You mean like fit-ins and + +07:50.360 --> 07:55.560 +that sort of thing? I think are a little + +07:55.560 --> 07:57.580 +strong because I think they create a lot + +07:57.580 --> 08:03.260 +of antagonism that is not necessarily good + +08:03.260 --> 08:07.360 +because it's those who are not + +08:07.360 --> 08:09.260 +particularly in favor of civil rights are + +08:09.260 --> 08:11.360 +not going to be condensed by the fact that + +08:11.360 --> 08:13.420 +all these people are sort of sitting there + +08:13.420 --> 08:20.080 +in their way or doing something to create + +08:20.080 --> 08:23.080 +this antagonism. What kind of means do you + +08:23.080 --> 08:24.120 +think should be employed? + +08:26.840 --> 08:30.600 +That I'm not sure of. I mean, if I thought + +08:30.600 --> 08:33.120 +I knew the answer, I think that a lot of + +08:33.120 --> 08:35.040 +people would like to know it. I'd like to + +08:35.040 --> 08:38.460 +talk to you. Now, as you may have read, a + +08:38.460 --> 08:40.720 +lot of college students from the north, + +08:40.860 --> 08:43.140 +well, from areas other than the south, are + +08:43.140 --> 08:45.380 +going to Mississippi and Alabama and these + +08:45.380 --> 08:47.780 +different areas to work in the civil + +08:47.780 --> 08:51.040 +rights movement as freedom workers, voter + +08:51.040 --> 08:53.400 +registration. Do you know any people that + +08:53.400 --> 08:57.380 +have gone down south in this capacity? A + +08:57.380 --> 09:01.800 +couple. If you think specifically of these + +09:01.800 --> 09:04.940 +people, what is your opinion of these kind + +09:04.940 --> 09:09.840 +of persons that go to the South? Well, of + +09:09.840 --> 09:11.780 +course they're very active. They're people + +09:11.780 --> 09:14.000 +who are very interested and aware of + +09:14.000 --> 09:19.600 +what's going on. Although I think in some + +09:19.600 --> 09:24.060 +cases they may be sort of... well, I think + +09:24.060 --> 09:26.180 +they mean well, but don't quite exactly + +09:26.180 --> 09:28.040 +know what they're going into. Sometimes + +09:28.040 --> 09:31.380 +it's sort of the attitude of they know + +09:31.380 --> 09:34.220 +what should be done, but don't always + +09:34.220 --> 09:38.080 +realize all the circumstances, but are + +09:38.080 --> 09:39.400 +kind of going down there with this fresh, + +09:39.460 --> 09:44.060 +eager look, a little bit naive maybe, + +09:44.580 --> 09:49.020 +thinking that they know what's right, and + +09:49.020 --> 09:50.060 +they're going to go down there and solve + +09:50.060 --> 09:53.820 +the problem for the world. Do you think + +09:53.820 --> 09:55.560 +that the students involved in the Civil + +09:55.560 --> 09:57.240 +Rights Movement are contributing anything + +09:57.240 --> 10:01.140 +to the movement? And if so, what? I think + +10:01.140 --> 10:05.140 +in some cases they can, yes. Like when + +10:05.140 --> 10:07.840 +they're trying to educate the people and + +10:07.840 --> 10:10.860 +to help them, help the Negro people + +10:10.860 --> 10:14.320 +improve themselves. I think they can make + +10:14.320 --> 10:18.660 +a valuable contribution, but sometimes I + +10:18.660 --> 10:22.440 +think with such an influx that they also, + +10:22.700 --> 10:27.180 +the southerners will think, or do think + +10:27.180 --> 10:29.280 +that, you know, all these kids are coming + +10:29.280 --> 10:31.760 +down there and telling us what to do. And + +10:31.760 --> 10:34.140 +I think that they, there's a little too + +10:34.140 --> 10:36.440 +much of it to where they're sort of, you + +10:36.440 --> 10:38.540 +know, it's the attitude of well the north + +10:38.540 --> 10:39.900 +is going to show the south how to run + +10:39.900 --> 10:43.220 +their life, or or their lives and it can + +10:43.220 --> 10:49.040 +create dissension. Now, do you know people + +10:49.040 --> 10:52.940 +within your living group or on campus that + +10:52.940 --> 10:55.220 +are sympathetic towards civil rights but + +10:55.220 --> 10:59.580 +yet have not gone to the South? Yes. Now, + +10:59.700 --> 11:02.640 +what would you think is the difference + +11:02.640 --> 11:04.420 +between someone who is sympathetic towards + +11:04.420 --> 11:07.000 +civil rights in favor of the means being + +11:07.000 --> 11:09.500 +employed and the goals of the civil rights + +11:09.500 --> 11:11.940 +movement and does not go south from the + +11:11.940 --> 11:14.020 +student who does go south? + +11:17.020 --> 11:21.260 +Well, part of it is it takes, you have to + +11:21.260 --> 11:24.760 +be just a little, well, not carefully, but + +11:24.760 --> 11:27.380 +you have to be willing to sort of, you + +11:27.380 --> 11:29.340 +have to be very adventuresome to sort of + +11:29.340 --> 11:31.220 +leave in the middle of school and run down + +11:31.220 --> 11:32.880 +there to do something for a week or two. I + +11:32.880 --> 11:35.700 +think it takes, if somebody really looking + +11:35.700 --> 11:38.120 +for something, I think that those who go + +11:38.120 --> 11:39.480 +down there are sort of looking for + +11:39.480 --> 11:41.600 +something kind of exciting. + +11:44.520 --> 11:46.780 +In addition to wanting to help, I think + +11:46.780 --> 11:48.160 +they're sort of looking for something to + +11:48.160 --> 11:51.560 +get in on. You know, they want to get in + +11:51.560 --> 11:54.220 +on it. Whereas those who stay here, of + +11:54.220 --> 11:56.020 +course someone would like to go and can't. + +11:56.840 --> 12:01.040 +But those who really do go are, in a way, + +12:01.080 --> 12:03.260 +are sort of, you know, it's kind of an + +12:03.260 --> 12:07.340 +adventure in some cases. Do you think the + +12:07.340 --> 12:09.300 +spirit of adventure characterizes the + +12:09.300 --> 12:11.340 +people that you mentioned before that you + +12:11.340 --> 12:13.820 +know that have gone south? Some of them. + +12:14.460 --> 12:16.720 +Some of them, yes, and some of them maybe + +12:16.720 --> 12:19.080 +not so much. I mean, some of them are... + +12:20.020 --> 12:22.220 +They have to be, in a way, sort of + +12:22.220 --> 12:24.000 +adventuresome because it is a long way to + +12:24.000 --> 12:25.660 +go, to go down there for a week or two. + +12:25.820 --> 12:27.680 +And it's something new and sort of + +12:27.680 --> 12:30.340 +different. But there's a lot more to it + +12:30.340 --> 12:34.500 +than that. What do you think it involves + +12:34.500 --> 12:37.400 +besides the spirit of adventure? Well, a + +12:37.400 --> 12:40.800 +basic belief in what they're doing. I + +12:40.800 --> 12:42.680 +mean, it's sort of an idealistic thing + +12:42.680 --> 12:46.000 +that they think that they can... to want + +12:46.000 --> 12:48.820 +to help, but it involves... I mean, they + +12:48.820 --> 12:51.240 +have to honestly want to do something + +12:51.240 --> 12:53.340 +because it's a lot of trouble to go down + +12:53.340 --> 12:55.320 +there. And it's... they're people who are + +12:55.320 --> 12:58.120 +really interested and concerned. How about + +12:58.120 --> 12:59.960 +people that really seem interested and + +12:59.960 --> 13:01.760 +concerned and speak in favor of civil + +13:01.760 --> 13:04.680 +rights, but yet they don't take that final + +13:04.680 --> 13:08.500 +step of going down south? Well, you know, + +13:08.500 --> 13:10.200 +perhaps some of them just aren't able to + +13:10.200 --> 13:14.280 +go in some cases, or else they don't + +13:14.280 --> 13:18.640 +really think that they could, there's + +13:18.640 --> 13:19.980 +anything that they personally could + +13:19.980 --> 13:22.300 +contribute by going down there. I think + +13:22.300 --> 13:25.020 +that that's, in some situations, is + +13:25.020 --> 13:27.800 +probably the case, that they feel that if + +13:27.800 --> 13:29.200 +they, you know, they don't have anything + +13:29.200 --> 13:32.640 +to positively contribute personally by + +13:32.640 --> 13:34.760 +going down there. Now, if you had the + +13:34.760 --> 13:36.880 +opportunity to go to the South as a civil + +13:36.880 --> 13:41.700 +rights worker, would you go? I don't think + +13:41.700 --> 13:45.620 +so, no. And why would you not go? Well, + +13:45.760 --> 13:47.900 +first of all, my parents would just about + +13:47.900 --> 13:52.480 +tell me to forget to come back. I mean, I + +13:52.480 --> 13:57.200 +just hate to... I mean, if I really wanted + +13:57.200 --> 14:01.280 +to go, I'd go anyway. But it would really + +14:01.280 --> 14:03.560 +cause a lot of trouble. But besides that, + +14:03.640 --> 14:06.680 +I don't think that there's that much that + +14:06.680 --> 14:09.240 +I, as one person, could contribute down + +14:09.240 --> 14:10.880 +there. That I wouldn't know what I was + +14:10.880 --> 14:14.480 +going into. to. And exactly, I don't think + +14:14.480 --> 14:16.260 +I know the whole situation. And I'd like + +14:16.260 --> 14:18.040 +to go down and see the situation, but I + +14:18.040 --> 14:21.320 +don't know if I would be qualified to + +14:21.320 --> 14:26.580 +really contribute anything myself. Well, + +14:26.660 --> 14:28.360 +what kind of qualities do you think that + +14:28.360 --> 14:31.260 +SNCC and CORE and the NAACP and these + +14:31.260 --> 14:33.560 +different groups look for in a person? + +14:33.640 --> 14:36.520 +What kind of abilities to be performed in + +14:36.520 --> 14:41.060 +a civil rights worker? Well, it has to be + +14:41.060 --> 14:45.300 +somebody really willing to make the + +14:45.300 --> 14:47.360 +sacrifice of getting down there. I think + +14:47.360 --> 14:51.120 +they pay a lot of their own expenses. And, + +14:51.120 --> 14:54.540 +you know, give up a week or two at school, + +14:54.660 --> 14:56.920 +which a lot of people would like to do if + +14:56.920 --> 15:00.780 +they could. But really it is a sacrifice + +15:00.780 --> 15:04.380 +to go down and work. and it has to be + +15:04.380 --> 15:05.480 +somebody who really believes in what + +15:05.480 --> 15:07.780 +they're doing, enough that they wouldn't + +15:07.780 --> 15:13.220 +get discouraged. And yet I think or at + +15:13.220 --> 15:14.420 +least I hope they're looking for people + +15:14.420 --> 15:16.620 +who aren't going to go down to cause + +15:16.620 --> 15:18.440 +trouble but are going down there sincerely + +15:18.440 --> 15:22.640 +to work and not just do a little bit of + +15:22.640 --> 15:25.700 +rabble-rousing. Now you speak in terms of + +15:25.700 --> 15:27.500 +students that go down for a week or two + +15:27.500 --> 15:30.240 +off school. How about students that go + +15:30.240 --> 15:32.420 +down for the entire summer to give their + +15:32.420 --> 15:33.860 +time, Would you ever consider this + +15:33.860 --> 15:40.700 +possibility? Well, not, I never of course + +15:40.700 --> 15:42.820 +have had a summer when I could just go + +15:42.820 --> 15:48.760 +down, but for myself, I don't think I'd do + +15:48.760 --> 15:51.780 +it. Yeah, I'm pretty sure I wouldn't + +15:51.780 --> 15:55.820 +because it's a long time to go down. And + +15:55.820 --> 15:58.320 +like I said, I don't know if I'd have that + +15:58.320 --> 16:00.120 +much to contribute once I got down there. + +16:01.180 --> 16:03.540 +Now, have you ever been involved in any + +16:03.540 --> 16:05.560 +civil rights activities on a local level? + +16:06.020 --> 16:11.340 +No. Would you foresee the possibility in + +16:11.340 --> 16:13.100 +the future of becoming involved in civil + +16:13.100 --> 16:14.160 +rights on a local level? + +16:17.360 --> 16:20.180 +Oh, perhaps. It would depend on what it + +16:20.180 --> 16:23.640 +was. If it was something that I thought + +16:23.640 --> 16:28.140 +was valuable without being something like + +16:28.140 --> 16:33.960 +a sit-in. and I'd consider it, yes. But do + +16:33.960 --> 16:36.760 +you think that it's more valuable for + +16:36.760 --> 16:40.780 +these college students to go to the South + +16:40.780 --> 16:42.840 +where the civil rights problem has been + +16:42.840 --> 16:46.280 +focused so strongly? Or do you think that + +16:46.280 --> 16:49.340 +it is better for them to work in their own + +16:49.340 --> 16:54.720 +hometowns on problems of civil rights? I + +16:54.720 --> 16:56.680 +think they might do better in their own + +16:56.680 --> 16:59.020 +hometowns where they know the situation a + +16:59.020 --> 17:01.460 +little better and are more known + +17:01.460 --> 17:05.620 +themselves and more apt to be accepted by + +17:05.620 --> 17:09.900 +the community than they would be in, say, + +17:10.040 --> 17:13.340 +a southern community. I think their + +17:13.340 --> 17:16.540 +contribution could be a little more + +17:16.540 --> 17:20.140 +positive at home. Do you think that the + +17:20.140 --> 17:22.020 +civil rights movement in the South has had + +17:22.020 --> 17:24.320 +the effect of making people more + +17:24.320 --> 17:27.120 +interested and more concerned with their + +17:27.120 --> 17:29.420 +own civil rights problems in their + +17:29.420 --> 17:31.280 +respective communities, or do you think + +17:31.280 --> 17:33.600 +that it's had the effect, the opposite + +17:33.600 --> 17:36.880 +effect, of having people shift their own + +17:36.880 --> 17:39.180 +blame to the people of the South? + +17:42.220 --> 17:46.120 +Well, I think sort of both things have + +17:46.120 --> 17:47.780 +happened, depending on the area and + +17:47.780 --> 17:49.240 +depending on the people. there are those + +17:49.240 --> 17:52.600 +who, it seems to me, kind of are sweeping + +17:52.600 --> 17:54.100 +it under the rug and saying, well, they've + +17:54.100 --> 17:55.960 +got the problem and, you know, we really + +17:55.960 --> 17:57.600 +don't have much of a problem, but yet + +17:57.600 --> 18:00.800 +there's a lot, just a lot more interest in + +18:00.800 --> 18:02.420 +general in the problem, and people all + +18:02.420 --> 18:05.760 +over, even in the North, beginning to + +18:05.760 --> 18:09.060 +realize that they have a few racial + +18:09.060 --> 18:11.860 +problems of their own. But I think both + +18:11.860 --> 18:12.780 +things have happened, + +18:15.860 --> 18:18.180 +depending on the area and the group. there + +18:18.180 --> 18:20.000 +seems to be, like in California, there + +18:20.000 --> 18:21.940 +seems to be a lot more, well, interest, + +18:21.940 --> 18:23.600 +say, in San Francisco and Los Angeles + +18:23.600 --> 18:25.560 +there, and even throughout the valley. + +18:26.440 --> 18:29.820 +There's been more interest involved, like + +18:29.820 --> 18:34.120 +in Fresno, in the schools, a little more + +18:34.120 --> 18:39.080 +integration, because all the, sort of, + +18:39.080 --> 18:41.380 +there's one side of town, and then there's + +18:41.380 --> 18:43.780 +the other side of town, And there's one + +18:43.780 --> 18:45.280 +high school that's predominantly Negro + +18:45.280 --> 18:48.740 +and, well, Chinese and everything. But + +18:48.740 --> 18:50.340 +it's really a mixed, and the rest of them + +18:50.340 --> 18:52.940 +are predominantly white. Recently there's + +18:52.940 --> 18:54.980 +been a movement to mix them all around. + +18:55.960 --> 18:58.820 +But this sort of thing has just happened + +18:58.820 --> 19:02.380 +in the last couple of years. And I think + +19:02.380 --> 19:06.080 +more of that is going to come up in a lot + +19:06.080 --> 19:08.840 +of areas. Do you think that you personally + +19:08.840 --> 19:12.260 +have any responsibility in the Civil + +19:12.260 --> 19:18.480 +Rights Movement? And if so, what? Well, I + +19:18.480 --> 19:26.680 +think that I have a responsibility to do + +19:26.680 --> 19:30.080 +what I can. but then that's sort of vague + +19:30.080 --> 19:36.400 +to at least try personally to do, I mean + +19:36.400 --> 19:39.460 +to be sympathetic toward all groups and + +19:39.460 --> 19:42.400 +help them, you know, even in personal + +19:42.400 --> 19:48.280 +contact and not to personally discriminate + +19:48.280 --> 19:53.740 +and to try, of course, Of course, I don't + +19:53.740 --> 19:55.260 +know if I could go out and convince very + +19:55.260 --> 19:58.960 +many people, but I think, just in my own + +19:58.960 --> 20:02.500 +personal affairs, to do what I can. But I + +20:02.500 --> 20:08.620 +don't know, I don't feel that I + +20:08.620 --> 20:11.680 +necessarily should go down and start + +20:11.680 --> 20:13.700 +telling other people what to do just + +20:13.700 --> 20:16.440 +because I would if I thought there were + +20:16.440 --> 20:19.220 +anything valuable would come out of it but + +20:19.220 --> 20:21.480 +I think there might be a lot of + +20:21.480 --> 20:24.440 +resentment. Do you think that the progress + +20:24.440 --> 20:25.900 +of the Civil Rights Movement would + +20:25.900 --> 20:28.900 +continue at the same pace that it is now + +20:28.900 --> 20:30.520 +if there weren't any students going to the + +20:30.520 --> 20:30.720 +South? + +20:33.880 --> 20:36.340 +No, it wouldn't continue at the same pace. + +20:38.700 --> 20:42.920 +But and if there weren't any, if it + +20:42.920 --> 20:44.560 +weren't being pushed right now, things + +20:44.560 --> 20:48.000 +would stay pretty much like they have for + +20:48.000 --> 20:51.140 +the last 100 years. They advance more + +20:51.140 --> 20:52.620 +rapidly because everything is advancing + +20:52.620 --> 20:57.780 +more rapidly. But I think that had it + +20:57.780 --> 20:59.920 +been, the movement been maybe just not + +20:59.920 --> 21:06.200 +quite so strong, it might have been a + +21:06.200 --> 21:07.540 +little, well there had been a little less + +21:07.540 --> 21:10.580 +bloodshed and a little less antagonism. It + +21:10.580 --> 21:14.560 +had to be pushed, but I think it's been + +21:14.560 --> 21:18.360 +pushed a little bit too hard and a little + +21:18.360 --> 21:20.080 +bit too many people have been going down + +21:20.080 --> 21:21.660 +and saying oh we're going to straighten + +21:21.660 --> 21:22.960 +things out for you you don't know what + +21:22.960 --> 21:25.480 +you're doing down here then I think that + +21:25.480 --> 21:27.000 +maybe half the students could have gone + +21:27.000 --> 21:30.940 +down and it would have worked out a little + +21:30.940 --> 21:32.980 +better do you think then minimizing the + +21:32.980 --> 21:34.940 +numbers would have minimized the amount of + +21:34.940 --> 21:37.580 +bloodshed and turmoil well minimizing the + +21:37.580 --> 21:41.400 +whole not just the numbers but the + +21:41.400 --> 21:43.820 +intensity if it it had been just a little + +21:43.820 --> 21:47.800 +less intense, the whole program, I think + +21:47.800 --> 21:52.000 +would have eliminated some of the real + +21:52.000 --> 21:54.660 +bloodshed. Would you say then that you are + +21:54.660 --> 22:01.440 +in favor of not going forth as strongly as + +22:01.440 --> 22:04.560 +the movement presently is at the sacrifice + +22:04.560 --> 22:07.260 +of taking longer for these civil rights to + +22:07.260 --> 22:07.680 +be realized? + +22:10.400 --> 22:14.920 +Yes, I think so, because I think that at + +22:14.920 --> 22:17.140 +the same time it's realizing the civil + +22:17.140 --> 22:22.700 +rights there's a lot of, it's kind of + +22:22.700 --> 22:25.240 +messy. It would be anyway, but I think + +22:25.240 --> 22:28.400 +that it may have taken a little bit + +22:28.400 --> 22:32.620 +longer, but wouldn't have hurt so many + +22:32.620 --> 22:35.600 +people in the meanwhile. I don't know. I + +22:35.600 --> 22:38.580 +mean that's the way it appears to me and + +22:38.580 --> 22:40.940 +that may not be true, but that's sort of + +22:40.940 --> 22:44.680 +the way I would look at it. Okay, now in + +22:44.680 --> 22:47.380 +switching back again to your family + +22:47.380 --> 22:49.540 +background, what is your father's + +22:49.540 --> 22:53.460 +occupation? He's in the lumber business, + +22:53.680 --> 22:57.920 +going into road construction. And is your + +22:57.920 --> 23:00.800 +mother employed? No, she does my father's + +23:00.800 --> 23:01.240 +bookkeeping. + +23:05.240 --> 23:08.500 +Now, have your parents expressed any + +23:08.500 --> 23:10.360 +opinions on the Civil Rights Movement + +23:10.360 --> 23:12.040 +since they've been reading about it in the + +23:12.040 --> 23:16.020 +newspapers and seeing things on + +23:16.020 --> 23:19.880 +television? Oh yes. My father thinks that + +23:19.880 --> 23:22.420 +there are a lot of troublemakers in the + +23:22.420 --> 23:23.700 +South and they only leave things alone. + +23:23.920 --> 23:26.520 +That it was alright and eventually + +23:26.520 --> 23:28.000 +everything would have turned out alright + +23:28.000 --> 23:32.080 +in 200 years I guess. And my father really + +23:32.080 --> 23:35.020 +doesn't have much to say because I think + +23:35.020 --> 23:36.300 +that he probably doesn't agree with her + +23:36.300 --> 23:39.060 +but it's easier to keep quiet than to + +23:39.060 --> 23:42.340 +start a fight so. Have you ever had the + +23:42.340 --> 23:46.980 +opportunity to take question with your + +23:46.980 --> 23:48.600 +mother's pronouncements on the situation + +23:48.600 --> 23:50.520 +or do you assume your father's position? + +23:52.000 --> 23:55.720 +Well, I, a time or two, discussed the + +23:55.720 --> 23:59.420 +subject but we both have our own opinions + +23:59.420 --> 24:02.180 +so we just, I mean I found out their, + +24:02.240 --> 24:06.460 +their sentiments and just sort of left it + +24:06.460 --> 24:09.340 +at that. But do you find that you + +24:09.340 --> 24:12.140 +generally disagree on the goals of the + +24:12.140 --> 24:14.420 +movement or on the means of the movement? + +24:14.660 --> 24:18.080 +It's mostly on the means. The idea, the + +24:18.080 --> 24:20.260 +disagreement and the feeling most of my + +24:20.260 --> 24:23.400 +family, my mother's side of the family. + +24:23.600 --> 24:25.140 +Because my father's side of the family I + +24:25.140 --> 24:28.040 +never see. But their feeling is mostly + +24:28.040 --> 24:30.020 +that it's being pushed too hard. Of + +24:30.020 --> 24:31.100 +course, they're also cold water + +24:31.100 --> 24:34.560 +conservatives, so. I mean, they're just + +24:34.560 --> 24:36.920 +very conservative on the whole thing and + +24:36.920 --> 24:39.120 +they think that it's being pushed and that + +24:39.120 --> 24:41.920 +you just can't do it that way, that you + +24:41.920 --> 24:44.120 +just kind of let it gradually happen over + +24:44.120 --> 24:48.080 +several hundred years, I guess. Well, if + +24:48.080 --> 24:50.060 +someone were just to come up and ask you + +24:50.060 --> 24:52.620 +point blank, what is your opinion of the + +24:52.620 --> 24:57.000 +Civil Rights Movement? Are you in favor of + +24:57.000 --> 24:58.680 +it or not in favor of it? how would you + +24:58.680 --> 25:01.240 +answer? I would say that I was in favor of + +25:01.240 --> 25:04.400 +it, yeah. And in terms of the means of the + +25:04.400 --> 25:04.680 +movement? + +25:07.900 --> 25:10.740 +Generally, I agree with it. I mean, like I + +25:10.740 --> 25:14.760 +said, I have disagreements with it, but on + +25:14.760 --> 25:18.720 +a whole, I think it's, it seemed in the + +25:18.720 --> 25:20.980 +right direction. And do you have any + +25:23.500 --> 25:26.520 +opinions or pictures of the kind of people + +25:26.520 --> 25:28.080 +that are involved in the civil civil + +25:28.080 --> 25:30.680 +rights movement that I impress you either + +25:30.680 --> 25:35.580 +favorably or disfavorably? Well, now I + +25:35.580 --> 25:37.840 +have several different impressions. I + +25:37.840 --> 25:41.200 +mean, I think that, well, I'm sure that + +25:41.200 --> 25:44.280 +there are people who are, most of the + +25:44.280 --> 25:47.200 +people are very sincerely believe in it + +25:47.200 --> 25:50.220 +and are very working hard to do what they + +25:50.220 --> 25:52.260 +think is best. I think there are + +25:52.260 --> 25:55.580 +unfortunately those who who are sort of in + +25:55.580 --> 25:57.820 +it to see what, you know, for a little bit + +25:57.820 --> 26:00.120 +of excitement or because it's the thing to + +26:00.120 --> 26:03.140 +do or to cause a little trouble or + +26:03.140 --> 26:05.580 +something. But I think on the whole, it's + +26:05.580 --> 26:08.360 +those people who really mean well and who + +26:08.360 --> 26:12.840 +are trying to do as best they can. Well, + +26:12.900 --> 26:18.180 +in terms of values and commitment and such + +26:18.180 --> 26:20.060 +toward the situation, how would you think + +26:20.060 --> 26:22.000 +that these people, specifically the ones + +26:22.000 --> 26:24.600 +you know, have gone south would differ + +26:24.600 --> 26:29.280 +from you? Well, among other things, + +26:32.960 --> 26:35.260 +they probably just feel a little more + +26:35.260 --> 26:37.100 +personally involved in the situation, + +26:37.300 --> 26:39.280 +enough to go down there. I mean, it is + +26:39.280 --> 26:44.120 +sort of a long ways from here. And I tend + +26:44.120 --> 26:47.200 +to be a little apathetic. And I think that + +26:47.200 --> 26:49.060 +they're just more vitally interested in + +26:49.060 --> 26:51.320 +it, enough to really run down there and do + +26:51.320 --> 26:54.820 +something. What risks... Oh, I'm sorry, go + +26:54.820 --> 26:58.500 +ahead. Oh, go ahead. I forgot. I'm sorry + +26:58.500 --> 27:00.960 +for interrupting you. What risks do you + +27:00.960 --> 27:02.760 +think would be involved in going to the + +27:02.760 --> 27:02.960 +site? + +27:07.620 --> 27:13.140 +Well, now the risk would... Well, there + +27:13.140 --> 27:14.380 +have been a few people disappeared, + +27:14.540 --> 27:17.020 +although I think that's... I mean, I think + +27:17.020 --> 27:20.120 +that's sort of one or two instances. I + +27:20.120 --> 27:21.900 +don't think that, I don't really think + +27:21.900 --> 27:24.200 +that I would expect to be shot when I was + +27:24.200 --> 27:28.560 +down there. But, um, there is of course + +27:28.560 --> 27:30.300 +the risk of being thrown in jail, the risk + +27:30.300 --> 27:33.260 +of running into a lot of antagonism and a + +27:33.260 --> 27:39.360 +lot of ill feeling. But I don't, maybe + +27:39.360 --> 27:41.700 +getting a rock thrown at you or something. + +27:41.700 --> 27:47.740 +but I don't think there's any huge risk as + +27:47.740 --> 27:52.920 +far as personal + +27:52.920 --> 27:57.980 +injury or anything. The risk I don't think + +27:57.980 --> 28:02.240 +as a person is too great. Do you think the + +28:02.240 --> 28:05.160 +possibility of physical violence to your + +28:05.160 --> 28:08.020 +person, of discomfort in terms of living + +28:08.020 --> 28:10.520 +conditions or possibly being arrested of + +28:10.520 --> 28:13.220 +the erratic schedule that a civil rights + +28:13.220 --> 28:14.840 +worker would have to keep. Do you think + +28:14.840 --> 28:19.620 +that these factors would be any sort of a + +28:19.620 --> 28:23.200 +strong influence toward making you decide + +28:23.200 --> 28:26.240 +not to go? Well, I'd consider them if I + +28:26.240 --> 28:28.600 +thought that they were factors. I think + +28:28.600 --> 28:34.340 +that, I mean, there would be hardships. I + +28:34.340 --> 28:36.540 +might have to sleep in the car or + +28:36.540 --> 28:41.240 +something. But I think that that wouldn't + +28:41.240 --> 28:44.560 +be the main thing I'd consider. What would + +28:44.560 --> 28:46.200 +be the main thing? Whether or not I could + +28:46.200 --> 28:48.340 +really, it would really be worth my while + +28:48.340 --> 28:51.680 +to go down there. I mean, if I thought I + +28:51.680 --> 28:53.280 +was going to get shot at, I really don't + +28:53.280 --> 28:55.500 +think I'd go, because I don't particularly + +28:55.500 --> 28:57.720 +want to dodge bullets, but I don't think + +28:57.720 --> 29:00.300 +that's the case. And I think the + +29:00.300 --> 29:02.040 +consideration would be more whether or not + +29:02.040 --> 29:04.580 +I could do something once I got there. + +29:05.380 --> 29:08.200 +Well, you just stated that one of your + +29:08.200 --> 29:09.740 +main considerations would be whether or + +29:09.740 --> 29:11.840 +not it would be worth your while to go. + +29:12.180 --> 29:14.420 +Now, what do you think you personally + +29:14.420 --> 29:16.720 +could derive from the situation? + +29:19.440 --> 29:22.080 +Well, that I think that I could contribute + +29:22.080 --> 29:24.880 +something. It would be worth something + +29:24.880 --> 29:26.800 +that I could do here. It would be worth + +29:26.800 --> 29:28.920 +leaving what I'm doing here to go down if + +29:28.920 --> 29:32.220 +I thought I could contribute more there + +29:32.220 --> 29:38.560 +and in terms of you know the time I lose + +29:38.560 --> 29:40.060 +here if I thought I could contribute + +29:40.060 --> 29:45.040 +something valuable enough in relation to + +29:45.040 --> 29:49.780 +to what I lose by spending some time down + +29:49.780 --> 29:52.740 +there. What would you lose by spending + +29:52.740 --> 29:56.660 +time down there? Well I'd lose either well + +29:56.660 --> 29:58.240 +Well, actually, I'd lose money if I were + +29:58.240 --> 30:03.200 +working, or time in school, plus all the + +30:03.200 --> 30:08.020 +trouble of getting there. Anything that + +30:08.020 --> 30:11.320 +would... I mean, it is a long ways away. + +30:11.900 --> 30:13.960 +And just the whole trouble of getting + +30:13.960 --> 30:16.520 +ready and going and leaving whatever I + +30:16.520 --> 30:19.060 +might be doing here. I don't know. It + +30:19.060 --> 30:20.700 +would depend on what I was doing at the + +30:20.700 --> 30:25.500 +time, what I'd miss. Now is there any + +30:25.500 --> 30:26.900 +statement that you'd like to make + +30:26.900 --> 30:29.720 +concerning civil rights that I have not + +30:29.720 --> 30:34.360 +asked you about? Not that I can think of. + +30:35.300 --> 30:37.000 +Alrighty, well thank you very much for + +30:37.000 --> 30:38.100 +your time. I appreciate it. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bb158br2509_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bb158br2509_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2595b4d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bb158br2509_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1778 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:02.060 --> 00:03.900 +All right, now first of all, I'd like to + +00:03.900 --> 00:08.700 +get some background questions. What year + +00:08.700 --> 00:12.100 +are you in college? Senior. And where do + +00:12.100 --> 00:14.520 +you go to college? Stanford. And how many + +00:14.520 --> 00:17.620 +years have you been here? All four. What + +00:17.620 --> 00:19.460 +is your major field of study at Stanford? + +00:19.600 --> 00:23.340 +Oh, it's mathematics. And what do you plan + +00:23.340 --> 00:26.800 +to do after graduation? Computer + +00:26.800 --> 00:30.780 +programming. In this area? Yeah, in San + +00:30.780 --> 00:35.660 +Francisco. Where is your permanent address + +00:35.660 --> 00:37.140 +when you're not living in San Francisco? + +00:37.220 --> 00:42.440 +It's in Fresno, California. And where did + +00:42.440 --> 00:46.140 +you go to high school? In Fresno, McLean + +00:46.140 --> 00:49.620 +High School. Now, did you have much + +00:49.620 --> 00:52.560 +contact with people of different racial or + +00:52.560 --> 00:54.500 +ethnic backgrounds in the high school that + +00:54.500 --> 00:57.140 +you went to? No, there was very little. It + +00:57.140 --> 01:00.340 +was in the part of town where there + +01:00.340 --> 01:03.460 +weren't very many people from other racial + +01:03.460 --> 01:07.460 +groups. Now if you can think back to the + +01:07.460 --> 01:11.320 +time before you came to Stanford as a + +01:11.320 --> 01:13.140 +freshman, can you remember then what your + +01:13.140 --> 01:14.800 +feeling towards civil rights was? + +01:18.260 --> 01:25.160 +Well, I thought that everybody should have + +01:25.160 --> 01:26.920 +the same rights that they didn't, but they + +01:26.920 --> 01:30.880 +should have. People, you know, of all + +01:30.880 --> 01:34.380 +races and groups. Now, would you say that + +01:34.380 --> 01:37.260 +your opinion towards civil rights has + +01:37.260 --> 01:39.600 +changed since coming to Stanford, and if + +01:39.600 --> 01:44.300 +so, how? Well, I've felt more strongly in + +01:44.300 --> 01:46.880 +favor of civil rights, especially since + +01:46.880 --> 01:50.100 +it's become more of an issue since I've + +01:50.100 --> 01:53.340 +been in college. Would you say that you + +01:53.340 --> 01:55.140 +have become more aware of civil rights? + +01:55.360 --> 01:58.260 +Yes, definitely. And what do you think + +01:58.260 --> 02:01.400 +would be the main sources of awareness? + +02:03.460 --> 02:06.900 +Well, a lot of it, like I said, has become + +02:06.900 --> 02:10.420 +an issue. And on college campuses too, or + +02:10.420 --> 02:13.000 +at Stanford, it sort of has become more of + +02:13.000 --> 02:15.800 +an issue. There's more, you can't really + +02:15.800 --> 02:18.220 +avoid the issue anymore. At home, my + +02:18.220 --> 02:21.700 +parents were not exactly tolerant. And + +02:21.700 --> 02:23.500 +they just, I mean, we just didn't discuss + +02:23.500 --> 02:25.720 +it very much at home. But here there's + +02:25.720 --> 02:30.200 +more discussion of it. Well, has your + +02:30.200 --> 02:32.220 +exposure to the Civil Rights Movement been + +02:32.220 --> 02:35.840 +mainly through the mass media, or through + +02:35.840 --> 02:38.280 +talking with friends in the dormitory, or + +02:38.280 --> 02:41.200 +other people that perhaps have gone to + +02:41.200 --> 02:44.760 +work in the Civil Rights Movement? Mostly + +02:44.760 --> 02:49.260 +through the mass media. Some discussion, + +02:49.440 --> 02:51.240 +but not too much. A lot of it's just been, + +02:51.260 --> 02:54.020 +yeah, reading about it, or hearing about + +02:54.020 --> 02:58.620 +it on the news. Now, do you discuss + +02:58.620 --> 03:01.580 +political or social or racial issues very + +03:01.580 --> 03:06.840 +much with your family? Not too much. It's + +03:06.840 --> 03:09.300 +not a subject that we bring up too much + +03:09.300 --> 03:13.020 +because we don't agree. Now, to what + +03:13.020 --> 03:16.180 +extent are you influenced by the feelings + +03:16.180 --> 03:19.040 +of your parents? In other words, if you + +03:19.040 --> 03:21.780 +were strongly in favor of something that, + +03:21.840 --> 03:24.540 +of making some decision that they were + +03:24.540 --> 03:27.520 +opposed to, would their opposition keep + +03:27.520 --> 03:30.700 +you from making that decision? No. I'd + +03:30.700 --> 03:35.520 +consider their point of view and see if + +03:35.520 --> 03:39.160 +that had any bearing on, you know, I'd + +03:39.160 --> 03:41.780 +appreciate their standpoint, but I'd make + +03:41.780 --> 03:44.840 +my own decision regardless of theirs, + +03:45.000 --> 03:48.500 +although I'd listen to what they had to + +03:48.500 --> 03:51.680 +say. Are you financially dependent on your + +03:51.680 --> 03:52.020 +parents? + +03:54.720 --> 03:58.420 +Somewhat. Not entirely. And do you think + +03:58.420 --> 04:01.460 +that this could be a factor in making you + +04:01.460 --> 04:03.860 +go along with their wishes even though you + +04:03.860 --> 04:07.540 +didn't agree with them? Well, not in any + +04:07.540 --> 04:10.040 +major... I mean, not in any personal + +04:10.040 --> 04:11.600 +thing. In things like going to college, + +04:11.640 --> 04:15.840 +yes. But in any personal thing, no. Okay, + +04:16.160 --> 04:18.640 +now you mentioned that your main exposure + +04:18.640 --> 04:20.860 +to the Civil Rights Movement has been the + +04:20.860 --> 04:24.900 +mass media. Now what would you say were + +04:24.900 --> 04:26.680 +the main goals of the Civil Rights + +04:26.680 --> 04:28.260 +Movement as you see it? + +04:32.220 --> 04:36.040 +Well, to provide the same opportunities + +04:36.040 --> 04:41.040 +for everybody, regardless of the color of + +04:41.040 --> 04:43.400 +their skin or their, mostly that's the + +04:43.400 --> 04:47.140 +issue, to give them all the rights that + +04:47.140 --> 04:51.220 +they may not have now, but should have as + +04:51.220 --> 04:53.720 +American citizens. Oh, what rights + +04:53.720 --> 04:55.520 +specifically? Well, voting rights, + +04:55.740 --> 04:59.540 +educational rights, employment + +04:59.540 --> 05:02.640 +opportunities. Are you in favor of these + +05:02.640 --> 05:06.260 +goals of the movement? as long as it's + +05:06.260 --> 05:12.080 +done without making, forcing them into + +05:12.080 --> 05:15.100 +some place where they don't, like saying, + +05:15.200 --> 05:16.880 +well, this man has to be hired because + +05:16.880 --> 05:19.400 +he's a Negro, regardless of whether he may + +05:19.400 --> 05:23.320 +not be as qualified as some white person. + +05:24.020 --> 05:26.000 +I mean, I think that they should be + +05:26.000 --> 05:29.980 +considered, regardless of it, not because + +05:29.980 --> 05:31.700 +they are a Negro or because they are + +05:31.700 --> 05:33.980 +white, but because they are qualified. I + +05:33.980 --> 05:36.400 +think there's sort of a tendency to say, + +05:36.480 --> 05:38.640 +well, now you have to give him a job + +05:38.640 --> 05:40.340 +because he's colored and you have to have + +05:40.340 --> 05:43.060 +so many colored people or something. Well, + +05:43.120 --> 05:47.060 +do you think that the movement is trying + +05:47.060 --> 05:49.100 +to take into consideration the fact that + +05:49.100 --> 05:50.980 +perhaps the Negro has been culturally + +05:50.980 --> 05:53.700 +deprived and maybe he isn't as qualified? + +05:57.720 --> 06:02.980 +I don't know. I don't think, I don't + +06:02.980 --> 06:06.880 +really think that's anything, + +06:07.180 --> 06:09.460 +that's a real apparent thing that they're + +06:09.460 --> 06:11.420 +working at. They're working, it seems to + +06:11.420 --> 06:14.220 +me like they're trying to put him in a + +06:14.220 --> 06:16.220 +position, whether or not he may be as + +06:16.220 --> 06:19.280 +qualified, to make him pretend that he's + +06:19.280 --> 06:22.160 +he's qualified, whether or not he may be, + +06:22.260 --> 06:26.300 +to say he should be qualified, even if he + +06:26.300 --> 06:29.100 +may not be as well educated. What do you + +06:29.100 --> 06:31.400 +think are the means employed by the Civil + +06:31.400 --> 06:34.700 +Rights Movement and are you in favor of + +06:34.700 --> 06:35.200 +these means? + +06:38.540 --> 06:41.080 +Some of the means I'm in favor of and some + +06:41.080 --> 06:43.500 +of them, I think, of course, part of it is + +06:43.500 --> 06:46.380 +keeping interest. I think one of their big + +06:46.380 --> 06:48.260 +things is keeping things stirred up so + +06:48.260 --> 06:49.860 +people are always aware of this instead of + +06:49.860 --> 06:52.200 +just sort of letting it go along as it has + +06:52.200 --> 06:54.240 +for the last hundred years, saying, well, + +06:54.300 --> 06:57.620 +we'll make this, we're all the same, but + +06:57.620 --> 07:02.000 +then letting people discriminate. I think + +07:02.000 --> 07:03.760 +that they're trying to keep it stirred up + +07:03.760 --> 07:05.880 +so that there's active interest and people + +07:05.880 --> 07:09.980 +become interested. But I think some of + +07:09.980 --> 07:12.620 +these South Tantics, well like the + +07:12.620 --> 07:14.680 +Scythians, sometimes they're stirring up + +07:14.680 --> 07:19.120 +antagonism that is really going to not + +07:19.120 --> 07:22.820 +help the cause by really forcing the issue + +07:22.820 --> 07:25.660 +down the throats of the Southerners who + +07:25.660 --> 07:32.440 +aren't quite willing to take it. What is + +07:32.440 --> 07:35.140 +your opinion toward the employment of + +07:35.140 --> 07:37.520 +civil disobedience? Do you feel that this + +07:37.520 --> 07:38.940 +is right or wrong as a method? + +07:42.000 --> 07:47.160 +I think that it... I don't really think + +07:47.160 --> 07:50.360 +that it's right. You mean like fit-ins and + +07:50.360 --> 07:55.560 +that sort of thing? I think are a little + +07:55.560 --> 07:57.580 +strong because I think they create a lot + +07:57.580 --> 08:03.260 +of antagonism that is not necessarily good + +08:03.260 --> 08:07.360 +because it's those who are not + +08:07.360 --> 08:09.260 +particularly in favor of civil rights are + +08:09.260 --> 08:11.360 +not going to be condensed by the fact that + +08:11.360 --> 08:13.420 +all these people are sort of sitting there + +08:13.420 --> 08:20.080 +in their way or doing something to create + +08:20.080 --> 08:23.080 +this antagonism. What kind of means do you + +08:23.080 --> 08:24.120 +think should be employed? + +08:26.840 --> 08:30.600 +That I'm not sure of. I mean, if I thought + +08:30.600 --> 08:33.120 +I knew the answer, I think that a lot of + +08:33.120 --> 08:35.040 +people would like to know it. I'd like to + +08:35.040 --> 08:38.460 +talk to you. Now, as you may have read, a + +08:38.460 --> 08:40.720 +lot of college students from the north, + +08:40.860 --> 08:43.140 +well, from areas other than the south, are + +08:43.140 --> 08:45.380 +going to Mississippi and Alabama and these + +08:45.380 --> 08:47.780 +different areas to work in the civil + +08:47.780 --> 08:51.040 +rights movement as freedom workers, voter + +08:51.040 --> 08:53.400 +registration. Do you know any people that + +08:53.400 --> 08:57.380 +have gone down south in this capacity? A + +08:57.380 --> 09:01.800 +couple. If you think specifically of these + +09:01.800 --> 09:04.940 +people, what is your opinion of these kind + +09:04.940 --> 09:09.840 +of persons that go to the South? Well, of + +09:09.840 --> 09:11.780 +course they're very active. They're people + +09:11.780 --> 09:14.000 +who are very interested and aware of + +09:14.000 --> 09:19.600 +what's going on. Although I think in some + +09:19.600 --> 09:24.060 +cases they may be sort of... well, I think + +09:24.060 --> 09:26.180 +they mean well, but don't quite exactly + +09:26.180 --> 09:28.040 +know what they're going into. Sometimes + +09:28.040 --> 09:31.380 +it's sort of the attitude of they know + +09:31.380 --> 09:34.220 +what should be done, but don't always + +09:34.220 --> 09:38.080 +realize all the circumstances, but are + +09:38.080 --> 09:39.400 +kind of going down there with this fresh, + +09:39.460 --> 09:44.060 +eager look, a little bit naive maybe, + +09:44.580 --> 09:49.020 +thinking that they know what's right, and + +09:49.020 --> 09:50.060 +they're going to go down there and solve + +09:50.060 --> 09:53.820 +the problem for the world. Do you think + +09:53.820 --> 09:55.560 +that the students involved in the Civil + +09:55.560 --> 09:57.240 +Rights Movement are contributing anything + +09:57.240 --> 10:01.140 +to the movement? And if so, what? I think + +10:01.140 --> 10:05.140 +in some cases they can, yes. Like when + +10:05.140 --> 10:07.840 +they're trying to educate the people and + +10:07.840 --> 10:10.860 +to help them, help the Negro people + +10:10.860 --> 10:14.320 +improve themselves. I think they can make + +10:14.320 --> 10:18.660 +a valuable contribution, but sometimes I + +10:18.660 --> 10:22.440 +think with such an influx that they also, + +10:22.700 --> 10:27.180 +the southerners will think, or do think + +10:27.180 --> 10:29.280 +that, you know, all these kids are coming + +10:29.280 --> 10:31.760 +down there and telling us what to do. And + +10:31.760 --> 10:34.140 +I think that they, there's a little too + +10:34.140 --> 10:36.440 +much of it to where they're sort of, you + +10:36.440 --> 10:38.540 +know, it's the attitude of well the north + +10:38.540 --> 10:39.900 +is going to show the south how to run + +10:39.900 --> 10:43.220 +their life, or or their lives and it can + +10:43.220 --> 10:49.040 +create dissension. Now, do you know people + +10:49.040 --> 10:52.940 +within your living group or on campus that + +10:52.940 --> 10:55.220 +are sympathetic towards civil rights but + +10:55.220 --> 10:59.580 +yet have not gone to the South? Yes. Now, + +10:59.700 --> 11:02.640 +what would you think is the difference + +11:02.640 --> 11:04.420 +between someone who is sympathetic towards + +11:04.420 --> 11:07.000 +civil rights in favor of the means being + +11:07.000 --> 11:09.500 +employed and the goals of the civil rights + +11:09.500 --> 11:11.940 +movement and does not go south from the + +11:11.940 --> 11:14.020 +student who does go south? + +11:17.020 --> 11:21.260 +Well, part of it is it takes, you have to + +11:21.260 --> 11:24.760 +be just a little, well, not carefully, but + +11:24.760 --> 11:27.380 +you have to be willing to sort of, you + +11:27.380 --> 11:29.340 +have to be very adventuresome to sort of + +11:29.340 --> 11:31.220 +leave in the middle of school and run down + +11:31.220 --> 11:32.880 +there to do something for a week or two. I + +11:32.880 --> 11:35.700 +think it takes, if somebody really looking + +11:35.700 --> 11:38.120 +for something, I think that those who go + +11:38.120 --> 11:39.480 +down there are sort of looking for + +11:39.480 --> 11:41.600 +something kind of exciting. + +11:44.520 --> 11:46.780 +In addition to wanting to help, I think + +11:46.780 --> 11:48.160 +they're sort of looking for something to + +11:48.160 --> 11:51.560 +get in on. You know, they want to get in + +11:51.560 --> 11:54.220 +on it. Whereas those who stay here, of + +11:54.220 --> 11:56.020 +course someone would like to go and can't. + +11:56.840 --> 12:01.040 +But those who really do go are, in a way, + +12:01.080 --> 12:03.260 +are sort of, you know, it's kind of an + +12:03.260 --> 12:07.340 +adventure in some cases. Do you think the + +12:07.340 --> 12:09.300 +spirit of adventure characterizes the + +12:09.300 --> 12:11.340 +people that you mentioned before that you + +12:11.340 --> 12:13.820 +know that have gone south? Some of them. + +12:14.460 --> 12:16.720 +Some of them, yes, and some of them maybe + +12:16.720 --> 12:19.080 +not so much. I mean, some of them are... + +12:20.020 --> 12:22.220 +They have to be, in a way, sort of + +12:22.220 --> 12:24.000 +adventuresome because it is a long way to + +12:24.000 --> 12:25.660 +go, to go down there for a week or two. + +12:25.820 --> 12:27.680 +And it's something new and sort of + +12:27.680 --> 12:30.340 +different. But there's a lot more to it + +12:30.340 --> 12:34.500 +than that. What do you think it involves + +12:34.500 --> 12:37.400 +besides the spirit of adventure? Well, a + +12:37.400 --> 12:40.800 +basic belief in what they're doing. I + +12:40.800 --> 12:42.680 +mean, it's sort of an idealistic thing + +12:42.680 --> 12:46.000 +that they think that they can... to want + +12:46.000 --> 12:48.820 +to help, but it involves... I mean, they + +12:48.820 --> 12:51.240 +have to honestly want to do something + +12:51.240 --> 12:53.340 +because it's a lot of trouble to go down + +12:53.340 --> 12:55.320 +there. And it's... they're people who are + +12:55.320 --> 12:58.120 +really interested and concerned. How about + +12:58.120 --> 12:59.960 +people that really seem interested and + +12:59.960 --> 13:01.760 +concerned and speak in favor of civil + +13:01.760 --> 13:04.680 +rights, but yet they don't take that final + +13:04.680 --> 13:08.500 +step of going down south? Well, you know, + +13:08.500 --> 13:10.200 +perhaps some of them just aren't able to + +13:10.200 --> 13:14.280 +go in some cases, or else they don't + +13:14.280 --> 13:18.640 +really think that they could, there's + +13:18.640 --> 13:19.980 +anything that they personally could + +13:19.980 --> 13:22.300 +contribute by going down there. I think + +13:22.300 --> 13:25.020 +that that's, in some situations, is + +13:25.020 --> 13:27.800 +probably the case, that they feel that if + +13:27.800 --> 13:29.200 +they, you know, they don't have anything + +13:29.200 --> 13:32.640 +to positively contribute personally by + +13:32.640 --> 13:34.760 +going down there. Now, if you had the + +13:34.760 --> 13:36.880 +opportunity to go to the South as a civil + +13:36.880 --> 13:41.700 +rights worker, would you go? I don't think + +13:41.700 --> 13:45.620 +so, no. And why would you not go? Well, + +13:45.760 --> 13:47.900 +first of all, my parents would just about + +13:47.900 --> 13:52.480 +tell me to forget to come back. I mean, I + +13:52.480 --> 13:57.200 +just hate to... I mean, if I really wanted + +13:57.200 --> 14:01.280 +to go, I'd go anyway. But it would really + +14:01.280 --> 14:03.560 +cause a lot of trouble. But besides that, + +14:03.640 --> 14:06.680 +I don't think that there's that much that + +14:06.680 --> 14:09.240 +I, as one person, could contribute down + +14:09.240 --> 14:10.880 +there. That I wouldn't know what I was + +14:10.880 --> 14:14.480 +going into. to. And exactly, I don't think + +14:14.480 --> 14:16.260 +I know the whole situation. And I'd like + +14:16.260 --> 14:18.040 +to go down and see the situation, but I + +14:18.040 --> 14:21.320 +don't know if I would be qualified to + +14:21.320 --> 14:26.580 +really contribute anything myself. Well, + +14:26.660 --> 14:28.360 +what kind of qualities do you think that + +14:28.360 --> 14:31.260 +SNCC and CORE and the NAACP and these + +14:31.260 --> 14:33.560 +different groups look for in a person? + +14:33.640 --> 14:36.520 +What kind of abilities to be performed in + +14:36.520 --> 14:41.060 +a civil rights worker? Well, it has to be + +14:41.060 --> 14:45.300 +somebody really willing to make the + +14:45.300 --> 14:47.360 +sacrifice of getting down there. I think + +14:47.360 --> 14:51.120 +they pay a lot of their own expenses. And, + +14:51.120 --> 14:54.540 +you know, give up a week or two at school, + +14:54.660 --> 14:56.920 +which a lot of people would like to do if + +14:56.920 --> 15:00.780 +they could. But really it is a sacrifice + +15:00.780 --> 15:04.380 +to go down and work. and it has to be + +15:04.380 --> 15:05.480 +somebody who really believes in what + +15:05.480 --> 15:07.780 +they're doing, enough that they wouldn't + +15:07.780 --> 15:13.220 +get discouraged. And yet I think or at + +15:13.220 --> 15:14.420 +least I hope they're looking for people + +15:14.420 --> 15:16.620 +who aren't going to go down to cause + +15:16.620 --> 15:18.440 +trouble but are going down there sincerely + +15:18.440 --> 15:22.640 +to work and not just do a little bit of + +15:22.640 --> 15:25.700 +rabble-rousing. Now you speak in terms of + +15:25.700 --> 15:27.500 +students that go down for a week or two + +15:27.500 --> 15:30.240 +off school. How about students that go + +15:30.240 --> 15:32.420 +down for the entire summer to give their + +15:32.420 --> 15:33.860 +time, Would you ever consider this + +15:33.860 --> 15:40.700 +possibility? Well, not, I never of course + +15:40.700 --> 15:42.820 +have had a summer when I could just go + +15:42.820 --> 15:48.760 +down, but for myself, I don't think I'd do + +15:48.760 --> 15:51.780 +it. Yeah, I'm pretty sure I wouldn't + +15:51.780 --> 15:55.820 +because it's a long time to go down. And + +15:55.820 --> 15:58.320 +like I said, I don't know if I'd have that + +15:58.320 --> 16:00.120 +much to contribute once I got down there. + +16:01.180 --> 16:03.540 +Now, have you ever been involved in any + +16:03.540 --> 16:05.560 +civil rights activities on a local level? + +16:06.020 --> 16:11.340 +No. Would you foresee the possibility in + +16:11.340 --> 16:13.100 +the future of becoming involved in civil + +16:13.100 --> 16:14.160 +rights on a local level? + +16:17.360 --> 16:20.180 +Oh, perhaps. It would depend on what it + +16:20.180 --> 16:23.640 +was. If it was something that I thought + +16:23.640 --> 16:28.140 +was valuable without being something like + +16:28.140 --> 16:33.960 +a sit-in. and I'd consider it, yes. But do + +16:33.960 --> 16:36.760 +you think that it's more valuable for + +16:36.760 --> 16:40.780 +these college students to go to the South + +16:40.780 --> 16:42.840 +where the civil rights problem has been + +16:42.840 --> 16:46.280 +focused so strongly? Or do you think that + +16:46.280 --> 16:49.340 +it is better for them to work in their own + +16:49.340 --> 16:54.720 +hometowns on problems of civil rights? I + +16:54.720 --> 16:56.680 +think they might do better in their own + +16:56.680 --> 16:59.020 +hometowns where they know the situation a + +16:59.020 --> 17:01.460 +little better and are more known + +17:01.460 --> 17:05.620 +themselves and more apt to be accepted by + +17:05.620 --> 17:09.900 +the community than they would be in, say, + +17:10.040 --> 17:13.340 +a southern community. I think their + +17:13.340 --> 17:16.540 +contribution could be a little more + +17:16.540 --> 17:20.140 +positive at home. Do you think that the + +17:20.140 --> 17:22.020 +civil rights movement in the South has had + +17:22.020 --> 17:24.320 +the effect of making people more + +17:24.320 --> 17:27.120 +interested and more concerned with their + +17:27.120 --> 17:29.420 +own civil rights problems in their + +17:29.420 --> 17:31.280 +respective communities, or do you think + +17:31.280 --> 17:33.600 +that it's had the effect, the opposite + +17:33.600 --> 17:36.880 +effect, of having people shift their own + +17:36.880 --> 17:39.180 +blame to the people of the South? + +17:42.220 --> 17:46.120 +Well, I think sort of both things have + +17:46.120 --> 17:47.780 +happened, depending on the area and + +17:47.780 --> 17:49.240 +depending on the people. there are those + +17:49.240 --> 17:52.600 +who, it seems to me, kind of are sweeping + +17:52.600 --> 17:54.100 +it under the rug and saying, well, they've + +17:54.100 --> 17:55.960 +got the problem and, you know, we really + +17:55.960 --> 17:57.600 +don't have much of a problem, but yet + +17:57.600 --> 18:00.800 +there's a lot, just a lot more interest in + +18:00.800 --> 18:02.420 +general in the problem, and people all + +18:02.420 --> 18:05.760 +over, even in the North, beginning to + +18:05.760 --> 18:09.060 +realize that they have a few racial + +18:09.060 --> 18:11.860 +problems of their own. But I think both + +18:11.860 --> 18:12.780 +things have happened, + +18:15.860 --> 18:18.180 +depending on the area and the group. there + +18:18.180 --> 18:20.000 +seems to be, like in California, there + +18:20.000 --> 18:21.940 +seems to be a lot more, well, interest, + +18:21.940 --> 18:23.600 +say, in San Francisco and Los Angeles + +18:23.600 --> 18:25.560 +there, and even throughout the valley. + +18:26.440 --> 18:29.820 +There's been more interest involved, like + +18:29.820 --> 18:34.120 +in Fresno, in the schools, a little more + +18:34.120 --> 18:39.080 +integration, because all the, sort of, + +18:39.080 --> 18:41.380 +there's one side of town, and then there's + +18:41.380 --> 18:43.780 +the other side of town, And there's one + +18:43.780 --> 18:45.280 +high school that's predominantly Negro + +18:45.280 --> 18:48.740 +and, well, Chinese and everything. But + +18:48.740 --> 18:50.340 +it's really a mixed, and the rest of them + +18:50.340 --> 18:52.940 +are predominantly white. Recently there's + +18:52.940 --> 18:54.980 +been a movement to mix them all around. + +18:55.960 --> 18:58.820 +But this sort of thing has just happened + +18:58.820 --> 19:02.380 +in the last couple of years. And I think + +19:02.380 --> 19:06.080 +more of that is going to come up in a lot + +19:06.080 --> 19:08.840 +of areas. Do you think that you personally + +19:08.840 --> 19:12.260 +have any responsibility in the Civil + +19:12.260 --> 19:18.480 +Rights Movement? And if so, what? Well, I + +19:18.480 --> 19:26.680 +think that I have a responsibility to do + +19:26.680 --> 19:30.080 +what I can. but then that's sort of vague + +19:30.080 --> 19:36.400 +to at least try personally to do, I mean + +19:36.400 --> 19:39.460 +to be sympathetic toward all groups and + +19:39.460 --> 19:42.400 +help them, you know, even in personal + +19:42.400 --> 19:48.280 +contact and not to personally discriminate + +19:48.280 --> 19:53.740 +and to try, of course, Of course, I don't + +19:53.740 --> 19:55.260 +know if I could go out and convince very + +19:55.260 --> 19:58.960 +many people, but I think, just in my own + +19:58.960 --> 20:02.500 +personal affairs, to do what I can. But I + +20:02.500 --> 20:08.620 +don't know, I don't feel that I + +20:08.620 --> 20:11.680 +necessarily should go down and start + +20:11.680 --> 20:13.700 +telling other people what to do just + +20:13.700 --> 20:16.440 +because I would if I thought there were + +20:16.440 --> 20:19.220 +anything valuable would come out of it but + +20:19.220 --> 20:21.480 +I think there might be a lot of + +20:21.480 --> 20:24.440 +resentment. Do you think that the progress + +20:24.440 --> 20:25.900 +of the Civil Rights Movement would + +20:25.900 --> 20:28.900 +continue at the same pace that it is now + +20:28.900 --> 20:30.520 +if there weren't any students going to the + +20:30.520 --> 20:30.720 +South? + +20:33.880 --> 20:36.340 +No, it wouldn't continue at the same pace. + +20:38.700 --> 20:42.920 +But and if there weren't any, if it + +20:42.920 --> 20:44.560 +weren't being pushed right now, things + +20:44.560 --> 20:48.000 +would stay pretty much like they have for + +20:48.000 --> 20:51.140 +the last 100 years. They advance more + +20:51.140 --> 20:52.620 +rapidly because everything is advancing + +20:52.620 --> 20:57.780 +more rapidly. But I think that had it + +20:57.780 --> 20:59.920 +been, the movement been maybe just not + +20:59.920 --> 21:06.200 +quite so strong, it might have been a + +21:06.200 --> 21:07.540 +little, well there had been a little less + +21:07.540 --> 21:10.580 +bloodshed and a little less antagonism. It + +21:10.580 --> 21:14.560 +had to be pushed, but I think it's been + +21:14.560 --> 21:18.360 +pushed a little bit too hard and a little + +21:18.360 --> 21:20.080 +bit too many people have been going down + +21:20.080 --> 21:21.660 +and saying oh we're going to straighten + +21:21.660 --> 21:22.960 +things out for you you don't know what + +21:22.960 --> 21:25.480 +you're doing down here then I think that + +21:25.480 --> 21:27.000 +maybe half the students could have gone + +21:27.000 --> 21:30.940 +down and it would have worked out a little + +21:30.940 --> 21:32.980 +better do you think then minimizing the + +21:32.980 --> 21:34.940 +numbers would have minimized the amount of + +21:34.940 --> 21:37.580 +bloodshed and turmoil well minimizing the + +21:37.580 --> 21:41.400 +whole not just the numbers but the + +21:41.400 --> 21:43.820 +intensity if it it had been just a little + +21:43.820 --> 21:47.800 +less intense, the whole program, I think + +21:47.800 --> 21:52.000 +would have eliminated some of the real + +21:52.000 --> 21:54.660 +bloodshed. Would you say then that you are + +21:54.660 --> 22:01.440 +in favor of not going forth as strongly as + +22:01.440 --> 22:04.560 +the movement presently is at the sacrifice + +22:04.560 --> 22:07.260 +of taking longer for these civil rights to + +22:07.260 --> 22:07.680 +be realized? + +22:10.400 --> 22:14.920 +Yes, I think so, because I think that at + +22:14.920 --> 22:17.140 +the same time it's realizing the civil + +22:17.140 --> 22:22.700 +rights there's a lot of, it's kind of + +22:22.700 --> 22:25.240 +messy. It would be anyway, but I think + +22:25.240 --> 22:28.400 +that it may have taken a little bit + +22:28.400 --> 22:32.620 +longer, but wouldn't have hurt so many + +22:32.620 --> 22:35.600 +people in the meanwhile. I don't know. I + +22:35.600 --> 22:38.580 +mean that's the way it appears to me and + +22:38.580 --> 22:40.940 +that may not be true, but that's sort of + +22:40.940 --> 22:44.680 +the way I would look at it. Okay, now in + +22:44.680 --> 22:47.380 +switching back again to your family + +22:47.380 --> 22:49.540 +background, what is your father's + +22:49.540 --> 22:53.460 +occupation? He's in the lumber business, + +22:53.680 --> 22:57.920 +going into road construction. And is your + +22:57.920 --> 23:00.800 +mother employed? No, she does my father's + +23:00.800 --> 23:01.240 +bookkeeping. + +23:05.240 --> 23:08.500 +Now, have your parents expressed any + +23:08.500 --> 23:10.360 +opinions on the Civil Rights Movement + +23:10.360 --> 23:12.040 +since they've been reading about it in the + +23:12.040 --> 23:16.020 +newspapers and seeing things on + +23:16.020 --> 23:19.880 +television? Oh yes. My father thinks that + +23:19.880 --> 23:22.420 +there are a lot of troublemakers in the + +23:22.420 --> 23:23.700 +South and they only leave things alone. + +23:23.920 --> 23:26.520 +That it was alright and eventually + +23:26.520 --> 23:28.000 +everything would have turned out alright + +23:28.000 --> 23:32.080 +in 200 years I guess. And my father really + +23:32.080 --> 23:35.020 +doesn't have much to say because I think + +23:35.020 --> 23:36.300 +that he probably doesn't agree with her + +23:36.300 --> 23:39.060 +but it's easier to keep quiet than to + +23:39.060 --> 23:42.340 +start a fight so. Have you ever had the + +23:42.340 --> 23:46.980 +opportunity to take question with your + +23:46.980 --> 23:48.600 +mother's pronouncements on the situation + +23:48.600 --> 23:50.520 +or do you assume your father's position? + +23:52.000 --> 23:55.720 +Well, I, a time or two, discussed the + +23:55.720 --> 23:59.420 +subject but we both have our own opinions + +23:59.420 --> 24:02.180 +so we just, I mean I found out their, + +24:02.240 --> 24:06.460 +their sentiments and just sort of left it + +24:06.460 --> 24:09.340 +at that. But do you find that you + +24:09.340 --> 24:12.140 +generally disagree on the goals of the + +24:12.140 --> 24:14.420 +movement or on the means of the movement? + +24:14.660 --> 24:18.080 +It's mostly on the means. The idea, the + +24:18.080 --> 24:20.260 +disagreement and the feeling most of my + +24:20.260 --> 24:23.400 +family, my mother's side of the family. + +24:23.600 --> 24:25.140 +Because my father's side of the family I + +24:25.140 --> 24:28.040 +never see. But their feeling is mostly + +24:28.040 --> 24:30.020 +that it's being pushed too hard. Of + +24:30.020 --> 24:31.100 +course, they're also cold water + +24:31.100 --> 24:34.560 +conservatives, so. I mean, they're just + +24:34.560 --> 24:36.920 +very conservative on the whole thing and + +24:36.920 --> 24:39.120 +they think that it's being pushed and that + +24:39.120 --> 24:41.920 +you just can't do it that way, that you + +24:41.920 --> 24:44.120 +just kind of let it gradually happen over + +24:44.120 --> 24:48.080 +several hundred years, I guess. Well, if + +24:48.080 --> 24:50.060 +someone were just to come up and ask you + +24:50.060 --> 24:52.620 +point blank, what is your opinion of the + +24:52.620 --> 24:57.000 +Civil Rights Movement? Are you in favor of + +24:57.000 --> 24:58.680 +it or not in favor of it? how would you + +24:58.680 --> 25:01.240 +answer? I would say that I was in favor of + +25:01.240 --> 25:04.400 +it, yeah. And in terms of the means of the + +25:04.400 --> 25:04.680 +movement? + +25:07.900 --> 25:10.740 +Generally, I agree with it. I mean, like I + +25:10.740 --> 25:14.760 +said, I have disagreements with it, but on + +25:14.760 --> 25:18.720 +a whole, I think it's, it seemed in the + +25:18.720 --> 25:20.980 +right direction. And do you have any + +25:23.500 --> 25:26.520 +opinions or pictures of the kind of people + +25:26.520 --> 25:28.080 +that are involved in the civil civil + +25:28.080 --> 25:30.680 +rights movement that I impress you either + +25:30.680 --> 25:35.580 +favorably or disfavorably? Well, now I + +25:35.580 --> 25:37.840 +have several different impressions. I + +25:37.840 --> 25:41.200 +mean, I think that, well, I'm sure that + +25:41.200 --> 25:44.280 +there are people who are, most of the + +25:44.280 --> 25:47.200 +people are very sincerely believe in it + +25:47.200 --> 25:50.220 +and are very working hard to do what they + +25:50.220 --> 25:52.260 +think is best. I think there are + +25:52.260 --> 25:55.580 +unfortunately those who who are sort of in + +25:55.580 --> 25:57.820 +it to see what, you know, for a little bit + +25:57.820 --> 26:00.120 +of excitement or because it's the thing to + +26:00.120 --> 26:03.140 +do or to cause a little trouble or + +26:03.140 --> 26:05.580 +something. But I think on the whole, it's + +26:05.580 --> 26:08.360 +those people who really mean well and who + +26:08.360 --> 26:12.840 +are trying to do as best they can. Well, + +26:12.900 --> 26:18.180 +in terms of values and commitment and such + +26:18.180 --> 26:20.060 +toward the situation, how would you think + +26:20.060 --> 26:22.000 +that these people, specifically the ones + +26:22.000 --> 26:24.600 +you know, have gone south would differ + +26:24.600 --> 26:29.280 +from you? Well, among other things, + +26:32.960 --> 26:35.260 +they probably just feel a little more + +26:35.260 --> 26:37.100 +personally involved in the situation, + +26:37.300 --> 26:39.280 +enough to go down there. I mean, it is + +26:39.280 --> 26:44.120 +sort of a long ways from here. And I tend + +26:44.120 --> 26:47.200 +to be a little apathetic. And I think that + +26:47.200 --> 26:49.060 +they're just more vitally interested in + +26:49.060 --> 26:51.320 +it, enough to really run down there and do + +26:51.320 --> 26:54.820 +something. What risks... Oh, I'm sorry, go + +26:54.820 --> 26:58.500 +ahead. Oh, go ahead. I forgot. I'm sorry + +26:58.500 --> 27:00.960 +for interrupting you. What risks do you + +27:00.960 --> 27:02.760 +think would be involved in going to the + +27:02.760 --> 27:02.960 +site? + +27:07.620 --> 27:13.140 +Well, now the risk would... Well, there + +27:13.140 --> 27:14.380 +have been a few people disappeared, + +27:14.540 --> 27:17.020 +although I think that's... I mean, I think + +27:17.020 --> 27:20.120 +that's sort of one or two instances. I + +27:20.120 --> 27:21.900 +don't think that, I don't really think + +27:21.900 --> 27:24.200 +that I would expect to be shot when I was + +27:24.200 --> 27:28.560 +down there. But, um, there is of course + +27:28.560 --> 27:30.300 +the risk of being thrown in jail, the risk + +27:30.300 --> 27:33.260 +of running into a lot of antagonism and a + +27:33.260 --> 27:39.360 +lot of ill feeling. But I don't, maybe + +27:39.360 --> 27:41.700 +getting a rock thrown at you or something. + +27:41.700 --> 27:47.740 +but I don't think there's any huge risk as + +27:47.740 --> 27:52.920 +far as personal + +27:52.920 --> 27:57.980 +injury or anything. The risk I don't think + +27:57.980 --> 28:02.240 +as a person is too great. Do you think the + +28:02.240 --> 28:05.160 +possibility of physical violence to your + +28:05.160 --> 28:08.020 +person, of discomfort in terms of living + +28:08.020 --> 28:10.520 +conditions or possibly being arrested of + +28:10.520 --> 28:13.220 +the erratic schedule that a civil rights + +28:13.220 --> 28:14.840 +worker would have to keep. Do you think + +28:14.840 --> 28:19.620 +that these factors would be any sort of a + +28:19.620 --> 28:23.200 +strong influence toward making you decide + +28:23.200 --> 28:26.240 +not to go? Well, I'd consider them if I + +28:26.240 --> 28:28.600 +thought that they were factors. I think + +28:28.600 --> 28:34.340 +that, I mean, there would be hardships. I + +28:34.340 --> 28:36.540 +might have to sleep in the car or + +28:36.540 --> 28:41.240 +something. But I think that that wouldn't + +28:41.240 --> 28:44.560 +be the main thing I'd consider. What would + +28:44.560 --> 28:46.200 +be the main thing? Whether or not I could + +28:46.200 --> 28:48.340 +really, it would really be worth my while + +28:48.340 --> 28:51.680 +to go down there. I mean, if I thought I + +28:51.680 --> 28:53.280 +was going to get shot at, I really don't + +28:53.280 --> 28:55.500 +think I'd go, because I don't particularly + +28:55.500 --> 28:57.720 +want to dodge bullets, but I don't think + +28:57.720 --> 29:00.300 +that's the case. And I think the + +29:00.300 --> 29:02.040 +consideration would be more whether or not + +29:02.040 --> 29:04.580 +I could do something once I got there. + +29:05.380 --> 29:08.200 +Well, you just stated that one of your + +29:08.200 --> 29:09.740 +main considerations would be whether or + +29:09.740 --> 29:11.840 +not it would be worth your while to go. + +29:12.180 --> 29:14.420 +Now, what do you think you personally + +29:14.420 --> 29:16.720 +could derive from the situation? + +29:19.440 --> 29:22.080 +Well, that I think that I could contribute + +29:22.080 --> 29:24.880 +something. It would be worth something + +29:24.880 --> 29:26.800 +that I could do here. It would be worth + +29:26.800 --> 29:28.920 +leaving what I'm doing here to go down if + +29:28.920 --> 29:32.220 +I thought I could contribute more there + +29:32.220 --> 29:38.560 +and in terms of you know the time I lose + +29:38.560 --> 29:40.060 +here if I thought I could contribute + +29:40.060 --> 29:45.040 +something valuable enough in relation to + +29:45.040 --> 29:49.780 +to what I lose by spending some time down + +29:49.780 --> 29:52.740 +there. What would you lose by spending + +29:52.740 --> 29:56.660 +time down there? Well I'd lose either well + +29:56.660 --> 29:58.240 +Well, actually, I'd lose money if I were + +29:58.240 --> 30:03.200 +working, or time in school, plus all the + +30:03.200 --> 30:08.020 +trouble of getting there. Anything that + +30:08.020 --> 30:11.320 +would... I mean, it is a long ways away. + +30:11.900 --> 30:13.960 +And just the whole trouble of getting + +30:13.960 --> 30:16.520 +ready and going and leaving whatever I + +30:16.520 --> 30:19.060 +might be doing here. I don't know. It + +30:19.060 --> 30:20.700 +would depend on what I was doing at the + +30:20.700 --> 30:25.500 +time, what I'd miss. Now is there any + +30:25.500 --> 30:26.900 +statement that you'd like to make + +30:26.900 --> 30:29.720 +concerning civil rights that I have not + +30:29.720 --> 30:34.360 +asked you about? Not that I can think of. + +30:35.300 --> 30:37.000 +Alrighty, well thank you very much for + +30:37.000 --> 30:38.100 +your time. I appreciate it. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bd766nv2565_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bd766nv2565_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e42839c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bd766nv2565_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1877 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:03.280 +The information and the way you train + +00:03.280 --> 00:05.280 +other people is to give up the + +00:05.280 --> 00:08.380 +information. If that is so, then that's + +00:08.380 --> 00:09.900 +what the whole purpose of this meeting is, + +00:09.920 --> 00:12.120 +this leadership. It's that we're going to + +00:12.120 --> 00:16.140 +give you all the information we have. And + +00:16.140 --> 00:18.000 +also, a little later, I'll explain it to + +00:18.000 --> 00:20.840 +you. The program of the day today, the + +00:20.840 --> 00:24.720 +first thing I want to do is you already + +00:24.720 --> 00:26.760 +have information. I'm going to wait until + +00:26.760 --> 00:29.120 +you discuss that in a moment. I'm + +00:29.120 --> 00:31.000 +circulating two different sheets. One is + +00:31.000 --> 00:33.480 +your earliest availability to go south. + +00:33.680 --> 00:36.540 +And I know that you have problems flying + +00:36.540 --> 00:39.040 +over. So you want to be careful where you + +00:39.040 --> 00:41.780 +go. But you have your earliest + +00:41.780 --> 00:44.540 +availability. That's on the sheet that + +00:44.540 --> 00:46.460 +says, Littleman got earliest availability. + +00:47.320 --> 00:48.900 +And then there's another sheet going + +00:48.900 --> 00:51.580 +around that says the percentage of cars. + +00:51.880 --> 00:54.840 +And we want to know if you have a car, + +00:54.940 --> 00:57.040 +what its capacity is, and when you're + +00:57.040 --> 00:59.500 +leaving. So they'll be making their ways + +00:59.500 --> 01:02.220 +around. We'll get to that later this + +01:02.220 --> 01:05.640 +afternoon. We're going to give you an + +01:05.640 --> 01:09.260 +opportunity to ask some questions about + +01:09.260 --> 01:12.020 +Wavelength and the home of the group. And + +01:12.020 --> 01:13.260 +then a little bit later in the morning, + +01:13.380 --> 01:15.760 +we're going to have a panel put together + +01:15.760 --> 01:20.920 +of people, veterans related to having + +01:20.920 --> 01:24.200 +recently returned from the South. and to + +01:24.200 --> 01:27.080 +talk about the problems of regular + +01:27.080 --> 01:31.640 +abortion in southern communities. There + +01:31.640 --> 01:33.120 +are a lot of people who have not yet been + +01:33.120 --> 01:35.140 +interviewed, and we're aware of this, and + +01:35.140 --> 01:36.480 +our interview committee and screening + +01:36.480 --> 01:39.960 +committee is too. What we will ask you to + +01:39.960 --> 01:43.100 +do at the lunch break, instead of taking a + +01:43.100 --> 01:44.940 +normal one hour, we'll take one hour and a + +01:44.940 --> 01:46.540 +half, and we'll go through a 12-minute + +01:46.540 --> 01:48.800 +interview. Those of you who have not yet + +01:48.800 --> 01:51.100 +been interviewed, we'll just say right + +01:51.100 --> 01:52.060 +there on that screen, + +02:04.180 --> 02:07.020 +The orientation program will be designed + +02:07.020 --> 02:10.220 +to familiarize you with Mississippi, the + +02:10.220 --> 02:13.260 +people who are in the party and the + +02:13.260 --> 02:15.840 +planned summer programs. At the + +02:15.840 --> 02:17.920 +orientation session, you will be assigned + +02:17.920 --> 02:20.220 +to particular counties in which you will + +02:20.220 --> 02:22.540 +work and will meet the Mississippi people + +02:22.540 --> 02:25.280 +with whom you will be working. At the + +02:25.280 --> 02:27.400 +orientation session, a final decision on + +02:27.400 --> 02:30.260 +your acceptance will be made, for the MFDP + +02:30.260 --> 02:32.860 +must attempt to avoid all of the trouble + +02:32.860 --> 02:35.600 +possible for Mississippi. It's still a + +02:35.600 --> 02:38.060 +dangerous place. This does not pertain to + +02:38.060 --> 02:41.480 +you. You see, they're also dealing with + +02:41.480 --> 02:43.400 +lots of people individually all over the + +02:43.400 --> 02:45.220 +country, and Canada for that matter, too. + +02:46.520 --> 02:48.660 +If you've been screened up here, you've + +02:48.660 --> 02:51.700 +been accepted down. The session will be + +02:51.700 --> 02:53.420 +held at the Gulfside Methodist Assembly + +02:53.420 --> 02:55.260 +Waveland, Mississippi on the Gulf Coast. + +02:55.560 --> 02:57.900 +Travel directions are included. The + +02:57.900 --> 02:59.880 +orientation will start at 2 p.m. Thursday, + +03:00.120 --> 03:02.920 +June 10th. An evening meal will be served. + +03:03.120 --> 03:05.260 +The session will end Tuesday, June 15th + +03:05.260 --> 03:07.600 +after breakfast, at which time you will go + +03:07.600 --> 03:09.460 +to the county where you will be working. + +03:09.940 --> 03:12.020 +If at all possible, bring a sleeping bag + +03:12.020 --> 03:14.620 +for some people who may need it. We are + +03:14.620 --> 03:16.780 +also asking you to bring $25 to help us + +03:16.780 --> 03:21.540 +defray the expense of the session. It + +03:21.540 --> 03:23.700 +costs $5 a day to house and feed each + +03:23.700 --> 03:26.060 +volunteer. I'll explain that in a moment. + +03:26.360 --> 03:30.620 +The MFDP has almost no money at all now. + +03:31.180 --> 03:33.080 +This also means that we must ask you to + +03:33.080 --> 03:34.500 +provide your own transportation to + +03:34.500 --> 03:37.540 +Waveland. Speaking of money, we must ask + +03:37.540 --> 03:39.120 +that you provide your own subsistence for + +03:39.120 --> 03:41.580 +the summer. This means about $15 per week. + +03:42.340 --> 03:44.060 +housing will be arranged for you with + +03:44.060 --> 03:46.580 +people living in the county in regards to + +03:46.580 --> 03:48.140 +housing you must not expect facilities + +03:48.140 --> 03:50.760 +that you are probably used to this means + +03:50.760 --> 03:52.460 +that there may be no indoor plumbing no + +03:52.460 --> 03:56.880 +running water no hot water but the people + +03:56.880 --> 03:59.540 +you stay with will more than make up for + +03:59.540 --> 04:02.020 +the lack of facilities you should bring + +04:02.020 --> 04:03.540 +comfortable summer clothing to wear and + +04:03.540 --> 04:05.260 +unless you want to go to church you will + +04:05.260 --> 04:08.500 +not need dress clothing at all you should + +04:08.500 --> 04:10.140 +avoid bringing a lot of baggage because + +04:10.140 --> 04:12.880 +you will probably not need it and a lot of + +04:12.880 --> 04:14.480 +baggage will be difficult to carry around + +04:14.480 --> 04:16.460 +you should also bring your own personal + +04:16.460 --> 04:19.040 +items such as toilet articles or some + +04:19.040 --> 04:21.260 +point for in some places they may not be + +04:21.260 --> 04:24.800 +easily gotten if possible you should bring + +04:24.800 --> 04:26.860 +a typewriter typing paper carbon paper + +04:27.440 --> 04:29.540 +also if you are able to bring a car at all + +04:29.540 --> 04:31.880 +please do you have a tremendous lack of + +04:31.880 --> 04:33.860 +transportation not only in jackson but in + +04:33.860 --> 04:36.920 +all also in other counties if you do bring + +04:36.920 --> 04:38.380 +a car you should try to be able to cover + +04:38.380 --> 04:41.900 +operating expenses you should know that + +04:41.900 --> 04:43.980 +the mississippi law requires license + +04:43.980 --> 04:46.300 +mississippi license plates after 60 days + +04:46.300 --> 04:49.020 +in the state the tax costs four percent of + +04:49.020 --> 04:52.480 +the estimated value of the car the last + +04:52.480 --> 04:55.000 +thing we should mention is bail contacts + +04:55.000 --> 04:57.920 +there may be some trouble with quote + +04:57.920 --> 05:01.860 +mississippi officials unquote for the mfdp + +05:01.860 --> 05:05.400 +has not yet quote reached unquote them we + +05:07.980 --> 05:09.940 +We expect less trouble with them this + +05:09.940 --> 05:11.480 +summer than last, but a chance still + +05:11.480 --> 05:13.700 +remains that you may enjoy the local + +05:13.700 --> 05:17.380 +government's hospitality. We would like to + +05:17.380 --> 05:20.360 +know a few people we can contact for bond + +05:20.360 --> 05:22.920 +money. $500 will be sufficient in case you + +05:22.920 --> 05:26.620 +are arrested. We will have good legal help + +05:26.620 --> 05:29.820 +for you if this problem comes up. It is + +05:29.820 --> 05:31.220 +very important you attend the orientation + +05:31.220 --> 05:34.900 +session. what you will be doing will be + +05:34.900 --> 05:36.900 +discussed and you will have a chance to + +05:36.900 --> 05:39.440 +talk to the people with whom you will be + +05:39.440 --> 05:43.320 +working. That one, it should have stayed + +05:43.320 --> 05:44.760 +the last semester, whatever they want. + +05:47.920 --> 05:51.520 +Now this then is the detail of what the + +05:51.520 --> 05:54.360 +rest of the information from Waveland. The + +05:54.360 --> 05:56.240 +first two pages give you an idea of the + +05:56.240 --> 05:58.640 +counties in Mississippi which will have + +05:58.640 --> 06:02.000 +programs this summer. some of the numbers + +06:02.000 --> 06:04.780 +of people they will be needing. And we + +06:04.780 --> 06:06.300 +purposely reprinted the whole thing, + +06:06.320 --> 06:10.640 +although it might not all be useful to + +06:10.640 --> 06:12.140 +you. But just to give you an idea of what + +06:12.140 --> 06:16.280 +the range of projects are, all the way + +06:16.280 --> 06:19.800 +from, you see, sewing to adult education, + +06:20.060 --> 06:22.500 +voter registration, and so on. And these + +06:22.500 --> 06:24.360 +are for you to keep if you like. The total + +06:24.360 --> 06:26.160 +number of volunteers, that's for the whole + +06:26.160 --> 06:29.380 +country, It will be 439, and then like + +06:29.380 --> 06:33.080 +about 150 from here. We have, + +06:33.140 --> 06:36.340 +incidentally, over 100 that are not yet + +06:36.340 --> 06:41.580 +assigned and probably go. This is the rest + +06:41.580 --> 06:42.960 +of the next two pages of transportation + +06:42.960 --> 06:43.480 +information. + +06:47.060 --> 06:49.140 +And you'll see the reason for + +06:49.140 --> 06:51.220 +transportation coming from New Orleans if + +06:51.220 --> 06:52.720 +you'll turn to the next to the last page, + +06:52.900 --> 06:54.100 +because the map is there. + +07:01.860 --> 07:08.140 +New Orleans is your best or fastest way to + +07:08.140 --> 07:11.540 +go if you're coming from out here. Highway + +07:11.540 --> 07:15.720 +90 is that major scenic highway that + +07:15.720 --> 07:18.160 +follows the Gulf Coast, Florida, if you're + +07:18.160 --> 07:19.340 +driving from New Orleans. + +07:23.300 --> 07:25.360 +and some of the information I just read to + +07:25.360 --> 07:26.880 +you from that letter is contained on the + +07:26.880 --> 07:27.980 +last page + +07:34.760 --> 07:36.900 +now what I'd like to do is stop here right + +07:36.900 --> 07:41.180 +here and talk about it. Yes. + +07:47.740 --> 07:51.620 +Yeah. We've discussed this with SNCC + +07:51.620 --> 07:55.420 +regional people. We urge you not to go to + +07:55.420 --> 07:58.400 +Washington, but if you can get down here + +07:58.400 --> 07:59.800 +faster to go to Mississippi. + +08:03.520 --> 08:08.040 +If you're going what? You mean to visit + +08:08.040 --> 08:10.280 +family? And what's the question? + +08:13.900 --> 08:16.720 +And get back down here as quick as you can + +08:16.720 --> 08:21.540 +to Mississippi. Yeah. Unless you happen to + +08:21.540 --> 08:23.240 +be living in Washington. We have one + +08:23.240 --> 08:26.480 +that's very close. What do you think, + +08:26.480 --> 08:31.260 +Mike? Where are you? Yeah. If you're that + +08:31.260 --> 08:31.600 +close. + +08:54.560 --> 08:57.460 +Not unless it works out that the person + +08:57.460 --> 08:59.000 +sitting on this side of the room right now + +08:59.000 --> 09:01.340 +is jotting down in his piece of paper that + +09:01.340 --> 09:03.700 +I have a car leaving from New York on June + +09:03.700 --> 09:08.120 +19th. We have no way of working this out. + +09:08.360 --> 09:12.060 +Yeah? They may have cars. + +09:15.020 --> 09:18.700 +You have a... Do you know the address + +09:18.700 --> 09:19.060 +offhand? + +09:25.700 --> 09:26.340 +Okay. + +09:37.500 --> 09:39.480 +In other words, if you will be arriving in + +09:39.480 --> 09:43.040 +Mississippi after the 15th? No, you put + +09:43.040 --> 09:44.240 +that down on the sheet that's coming + +09:44.240 --> 09:47.140 +around, and what we're going to suggest to + +09:47.140 --> 09:50.000 +Mississippi people is that all of you + +09:50.000 --> 09:52.560 +people go directly to Jackson, to their + +09:52.560 --> 09:54.400 +central office, and then be assigned from + +09:54.400 --> 09:55.240 +there around the state. + +10:04.580 --> 10:09.400 +You got one separately? Yeah. Yeah. + +10:13.900 --> 10:16.980 +Well, if you've been... Have you been + +10:16.980 --> 10:18.780 +interviewed here? Yeah. Then you've been + +10:18.780 --> 10:20.920 +accepted in the Mississippi project, + +10:21.040 --> 10:22.400 +right? There are a few people who wrote + +10:22.400 --> 10:25.480 +independently of this next screening + +10:25.480 --> 10:27.300 +process up here, and they heard + +10:27.300 --> 10:29.680 +independently themselves. But they sent us + +10:29.680 --> 10:30.360 +a list of your names. + +10:34.100 --> 10:38.100 +Well, because they need the people down + +10:38.100 --> 10:40.400 +here right quick, and we haven't even been + +10:40.400 --> 10:42.740 +able to honor the needs of one or two of + +10:42.740 --> 10:45.660 +the small counties that have needs right + +10:45.660 --> 10:48.460 +now, so that it doesn't seem to make sense + +10:48.460 --> 10:51.660 +to go clear east and spend a week or two + +10:51.660 --> 10:53.860 +doing that when they need people right now + +10:53.860 --> 10:54.200 +in Mississippi. + +11:02.320 --> 11:04.100 +Well, we're going to suggest that there be + +11:04.100 --> 11:05.940 +an orientation, but I think that they will + +11:05.940 --> 11:08.260 +probably not be able to organize another + +11:08.260 --> 11:09.800 +statewide one, but there will be an + +11:09.800 --> 11:13.240 +orientation at your local project. It + +11:13.240 --> 11:14.620 +won't be as an elaborate one as this. + +11:28.820 --> 11:30.400 +I would suggest you give your two weeks + +11:30.400 --> 11:30.680 +notice. + +11:35.040 --> 11:36.500 +I'll bring the 400 with you. + +11:39.700 --> 11:43.660 +Or a car. Let me just see if I show a + +11:43.660 --> 11:46.480 +hand. How many do have cars? Oh, that's + +11:46.480 --> 11:49.780 +great. I mean that are going south. Cars + +11:49.780 --> 11:50.320 +are going south. + +11:56.560 --> 11:58.520 +We're going to get the Arkansas people + +11:58.520 --> 12:03.320 +together. Is Vince here someplace? During + +12:03.320 --> 12:06.900 +the lunch period, Vince, why don't you + +12:06.900 --> 12:08.600 +stand up so the other Arkansas people can + +12:08.600 --> 12:12.920 +see. This is Vincent O'Connor. During + +12:12.920 --> 12:15.240 +lunch, let's get the Arkansas people + +12:15.240 --> 12:19.060 +together down here. Okay? Okay, with this, + +12:19.060 --> 12:22.140 +down in this corner right here. And we'll + +12:22.140 --> 12:24.660 +work separately on transportation and what + +12:24.660 --> 12:26.300 +we report to and all this stuff over + +12:26.300 --> 12:27.140 +there. Yes. + +12:31.820 --> 12:36.660 +Have already what? Yes. Yes. Yes, let me + +12:36.660 --> 12:39.060 +see how many Arkansas people are there. + +12:39.160 --> 12:40.680 +Just put your hands up so I can count. + +12:41.140 --> 12:46.580 +One, two, three, four. Four. Okay, ten + +12:46.580 --> 12:49.780 +people were selected for Arkansas. They + +12:49.780 --> 12:51.960 +did their own, we sent them a whole batch + +12:51.960 --> 12:53.660 +of applications. They pulled out of it + +12:53.660 --> 12:55.760 +what they thought were their needs, and + +12:55.760 --> 12:57.680 +then they wrote directly to these people + +12:57.680 --> 13:00.600 +accepting them. Since then, we've had a + +13:00.600 --> 13:02.440 +little bit of attrition. I think we lost a + +13:02.440 --> 13:05.720 +few via the marriage route and other ways. + +13:06.320 --> 13:08.060 +So we're going to have to replace them. If + +13:08.060 --> 13:10.640 +somebody has a particular driving need, + +13:10.720 --> 13:13.240 +they want to go to Arkansas, So you can + +13:13.240 --> 13:14.740 +tell me about it during the lunch period. + +13:15.340 --> 13:16.700 +Otherwise, we're just going to be + +13:16.700 --> 13:19.520 +selecting people for you have some. So all + +13:19.520 --> 13:19.780 +right. + +13:23.820 --> 13:26.600 +There are four people left last week for, + +13:26.740 --> 13:30.780 +I think, Carroll County. That's on the + +13:30.780 --> 13:33.320 +sheet someplace, I'm sure. And a couple + +13:33.320 --> 13:35.840 +have gone off to other practice, other + +13:35.840 --> 13:38.360 +kinds of work a little bit earlier. And + +13:38.360 --> 13:42.520 +then we also lost a few to CORE and SLCC + +13:42.520 --> 13:44.220 +because we did not have enough definite + +13:44.220 --> 13:45.940 +information about summer projects and + +13:45.940 --> 13:48.320 +people had to make commitments, but that's + +13:48.320 --> 13:48.820 +not a loss. + +13:54.800 --> 13:56.620 +Let me just see by a show of hands so we + +13:56.620 --> 13:58.160 +all know ourselves. How many can make + +13:58.160 --> 13:59.380 +Waveland on June 10th? + +14:03.820 --> 14:07.680 +Yeah, 10 or 12. So can anybody, those who, + +14:07.760 --> 14:10.000 +just keep your hands down. How about other + +14:10.000 --> 14:12.260 +people that can make part of Waveland, say + +14:12.260 --> 14:13.640 +the 13th or the 15th? + +14:16.100 --> 14:17.620 +Oh, that's pretty soon. + +14:27.060 --> 14:28.940 +You're all young people driving all night? + +14:31.520 --> 14:32.680 +A day plus. + +14:40.920 --> 14:42.960 +You start at 8 o'clock one morning. You + +14:42.960 --> 14:44.520 +should make it 6 o'clock the next night. + +14:50.060 --> 14:50.880 +Day and a half. + +14:55.260 --> 14:57.040 +Yes, that's the 1.30. It's recession + +14:57.040 --> 14:58.000 +today. I'm going to try to arrange it + +14:58.000 --> 14:58.200 +properly. + +15:03.900 --> 15:06.360 +Yeah, 24, 12, 36 hours. + +15:11.820 --> 15:13.360 +I don't know what it is with you people. + +15:13.400 --> 15:14.580 +I've driven to Iowa in that time. + +15:17.840 --> 15:18.260 +Further? + +15:22.440 --> 15:29.800 +Maybe that's why. Two days. Uh, 36 hours. + +15:30.160 --> 15:32.960 +Uh, you got a lot of money to spend on the + +15:32.960 --> 15:33.480 +station here. + +15:36.760 --> 15:39.220 +Well, some people do. What's the distance? + +15:39.320 --> 15:42.180 +Does anybody know? Um, I think I'm gonna + +15:42.180 --> 15:45.580 +say it's... 2,000? 1,700 miles to Selma + +15:45.580 --> 15:48.560 +Station. How much? 1,700 miles to Selma + +15:48.560 --> 15:52.660 +Station. That's the minimum, sir. Yeah, + +15:52.660 --> 15:54.520 +but that's further east, isn't it? Yeah, + +15:54.520 --> 15:57.720 +that's north of that. I would say about 2 + +15:57.720 --> 16:01.900 +,000 miles. 2,000 miles. Yeah, that's what + +16:01.900 --> 16:04.660 +I figured, about 2,000 miles. Yeah. + +16:07.680 --> 16:13.340 +Make 1,000 miles a day. Yeah. Why is + +16:13.340 --> 16:15.320 +Mississippi asking for 130 volunteers? + +16:19.020 --> 16:21.540 +Well, as it works out, we seem to be the + +16:21.540 --> 16:23.120 +only ones, or at least the only ones we + +16:23.120 --> 16:25.720 +know about that are this well organized + +16:25.720 --> 16:31.140 +quote unquote so they you know we told + +16:31.140 --> 16:36.300 +them we'd have about 150. i think a lot of + +16:36.300 --> 16:39.780 +people have written directly to them and + +16:39.780 --> 16:41.400 +so they're dealing with a lot of people + +16:41.400 --> 16:43.140 +individually but they're counting on us + +16:43.140 --> 16:44.300 +for one large patch + +16:48.440 --> 16:51.700 +and has been interviewed right + +16:53.660 --> 16:55.940 +oh we made the assumption in your case + +16:55.940 --> 16:58.860 +that you're both are both good screen + +16:58.860 --> 17:00.340 +you're going to go together + +17:06.950 --> 17:08.760 +any other questions are wavelength + +17:14.300 --> 17:16.780 +all right uh phase two then for this + +17:16.780 --> 17:19.300 +morning is to uh get this panel together + +17:19.300 --> 17:23.820 +and uh talk about uh problems of living + +17:23.820 --> 17:26.080 +there now what we intend to do here is uh + +17:26.080 --> 17:29.420 +bring this people this group of people + +17:29.420 --> 17:33.600 +forward and uh give them all a minute or + +17:33.600 --> 17:36.580 +two to just open up areas that we'll get + +17:36.580 --> 17:40.260 +into in some depth but a lot of it will be + +17:40.260 --> 17:43.640 +in response to what your questions are too + +17:43.640 --> 17:47.580 +of this panel and uh you'll i'll introduce + +17:47.580 --> 17:49.920 +the panel to you uh very briefly but it'll + +17:49.920 --> 17:52.100 +give you an idea of what they have to + +17:52.100 --> 17:55.020 +offer to you let me first call up frank + +17:55.020 --> 17:59.700 +vitts and frank powell who are working up + +17:59.700 --> 18:00.520 +north + +18:03.460 --> 18:08.620 +who are from alabama and I'll tell you + +18:08.620 --> 18:12.440 +about life in Alabama. Ron Bridgeforth + +18:12.440 --> 18:17.120 +from Secretary of Defense. What happened + +18:17.120 --> 18:20.940 +to Ron? I think he must be standing + +18:20.940 --> 18:23.080 +outside or something. Is Doug Smith here? + +18:24.760 --> 18:26.940 +He was due with him, so maybe he went to + +18:26.940 --> 18:30.860 +get him or something. Kathy Kappen, who + +18:30.860 --> 18:33.320 +spent about seven months, And then, of all + +18:33.320 --> 18:34.660 +things, got married and went back to + +18:34.660 --> 18:35.960 +Mississippi recently on a honeymoon. + +18:40.320 --> 18:43.100 +Mike Miller, regional coordinator of SNCC + +18:43.100 --> 18:50.720 +in this area. Neil Friedman, who is with + +18:50.720 --> 18:53.660 +our screening committee at Langley Porter, + +18:54.340 --> 18:56.240 +some colleges, and will be teaching at a + +18:56.240 --> 18:57.800 +certain Negro college this year. + +19:05.000 --> 19:06.580 +And that's it for the moment. We'll wait + +19:06.580 --> 19:09.160 +for Ron, and when Ron and Doug come, they + +19:09.160 --> 19:12.560 +can just join us. Thank you. + +19:45.420 --> 19:46.640 +Doug, you want to come up here, please? + +19:48.640 --> 19:50.940 +Doug Smith is the 5th Congressional + +19:50.940 --> 19:53.080 +District Program Director for Snake and + +19:53.080 --> 19:53.360 +Mississippi. + +19:59.780 --> 20:01.820 +And Ron, I think it would be good if you + +20:01.820 --> 20:03.820 +would sort of kick things off and get out + +20:03.820 --> 20:04.240 +of your way here. + +20:25.560 --> 20:29.420 +Well, the man just said, tell you what it + +20:29.420 --> 20:32.260 +is, I live in Mississippi. And that's + +20:32.260 --> 20:35.360 +somewhat impossible. I mean you run into + +20:35.360 --> 20:38.360 +maybe, well you run into orientations in + +20:38.360 --> 20:40.880 +Waveland and come late probably one in + +20:40.880 --> 20:43.900 +Jackson. There were two orientations in + +20:43.900 --> 20:48.840 +Oxford, Ohio last summer. And people try + +20:48.840 --> 20:53.860 +to talk about, and will try to talk about + +20:53.860 --> 20:56.420 +what it's like to be in Mississippi and + +20:56.420 --> 20:57.500 +work on voter registration. + +21:00.440 --> 21:02.140 +Now I'll start off by saying you can't be + +21:02.140 --> 21:03.680 +prepared for that. I mean it's a different + +21:03.680 --> 21:04.040 +world. + +21:06.740 --> 21:09.440 +It's like, you might not like policemen + +21:09.440 --> 21:11.760 +now, but at least you can ask them for + +21:11.760 --> 21:12.060 +directions. + +21:16.400 --> 21:18.040 +And like people are going to attempt to + +21:18.040 --> 21:19.680 +scare the hell out of you so you don't go + +21:19.680 --> 21:22.180 +around the highways at 70 and 80 miles an + +21:22.180 --> 21:24.240 +hour before you learn what it's all about. + +21:24.980 --> 21:26.380 +and God, I hope you don't. + +21:29.220 --> 21:30.880 +You're going to run into people that + +21:30.880 --> 21:34.400 +really hate your guts. I mean, they'd + +21:34.400 --> 21:36.220 +rather see me, because at least I'm black, + +21:36.420 --> 21:38.800 +but you're a traitor. You're a traitor to + +21:38.800 --> 21:41.540 +the white race and white supremacy. And + +21:41.540 --> 21:43.980 +they look at it in those terms. You're + +21:43.980 --> 21:45.820 +going to run into very scared southern + +21:45.820 --> 21:48.900 +white men who have their backs against the + +21:48.900 --> 21:52.000 +wall, whose very way of life and existence + +21:52.460 --> 21:55.300 +I mean, is being torn away from you. The + +21:55.300 --> 21:56.860 +foundation of their lives is the Southern + +21:56.860 --> 22:02.000 +Negro. And he's standing up. He's being + +22:02.000 --> 22:03.420 +laid down all his life, and they've been + +22:03.420 --> 22:05.480 +standing on his back, and suddenly he's + +22:05.480 --> 22:08.180 +beginning to stand up. And what do they + +22:08.180 --> 22:12.860 +do? They have to follow. I mean, Baldwin + +22:12.860 --> 22:14.660 +articulates that whole situation very + +22:14.660 --> 22:16.840 +well, in terms of walking out in the + +22:16.840 --> 22:18.260 +morning and seeing the whole sky in + +22:18.260 --> 22:20.760 +flames. I mean, it destroys your grasp + +22:20.760 --> 22:23.180 +upon reality. And these men are very + +22:23.180 --> 22:24.440 +scared. They're fighting back like a + +22:24.440 --> 22:27.020 +corner cat in a corner. He's going to + +22:27.020 --> 22:28.440 +start striking me out any way possible, + +22:28.680 --> 22:29.960 +just out of fear. + +22:33.360 --> 22:36.940 +And during the years of 61, 60, 61, 62, + +22:37.160 --> 22:42.400 +63, there wasn't much in the way of + +22:42.400 --> 22:44.020 +stopping that man from just striking me + +22:44.020 --> 22:45.420 +out and hitting people and killing people. + +22:46.500 --> 22:48.800 +Because of last summer, and because of the + +22:48.800 --> 22:51.460 +virtual challenges going on now, he's also + +22:51.460 --> 22:55.240 +become very image conscious. So it's a bit + +22:55.240 --> 22:56.740 +safer than last summer. I mean, he doesn't + +22:56.740 --> 22:57.860 +want any trouble. He doesn't want...I + +22:57.860 --> 22:59.120 +mean, sheriffs don't want to be Sheriff + +22:59.120 --> 23:02.420 +Rainey all over again. So, I mean, they're + +23:02.420 --> 23:04.280 +kind of backing up. And they're being + +23:04.280 --> 23:05.860 +pushed farther and farther with this stuff + +23:05.860 --> 23:08.940 +now. And they're trying things like now to + +23:08.940 --> 23:11.140 +get you on every charge they can. and + +23:11.140 --> 23:12.280 +they're going to get you to contribute to + +23:12.280 --> 23:14.760 +the Lincoln C4-1 account, you're just + +23:14.760 --> 23:17.340 +going to have to watch yourself. And sure, + +23:17.360 --> 23:18.540 +they'll make deals here and there, and + +23:18.540 --> 23:20.060 +say, well, we'll give you 10 years and you + +23:20.060 --> 23:23.640 +leave the state of Alabama. You've got a + +23:23.640 --> 23:24.200 +choice, you know. + +23:27.300 --> 23:29.160 +But that should be told again and again. + +23:29.980 --> 23:31.980 +And fear is a good, healthy thing. It + +23:31.980 --> 23:35.880 +keeps you alive. And I'd say now, if + +23:35.880 --> 23:38.260 +you're not afraid, and you feel no fear, + +23:38.500 --> 23:40.740 +don't go. because there's something wrong. + +23:46.200 --> 23:49.220 +I think the attitude to go in with is that + +23:49.220 --> 23:51.840 +you don't know and you don't have the + +23:51.840 --> 23:55.400 +answers. At least not the answers, because + +23:55.400 --> 23:57.840 +I don't know if there's the answers. And + +23:57.840 --> 23:59.220 +those people are going to basically do + +23:59.220 --> 24:02.180 +what they want to do. They know what they + +24:02.180 --> 24:04.220 +want. Maybe it's not what you think they + +24:04.220 --> 24:07.180 +need, but they know what they want. and + +24:07.180 --> 24:08.480 +you're going in with the attitude of + +24:08.480 --> 24:11.500 +helping them to get it. And if you can't + +24:11.500 --> 24:13.860 +agree to that, then you should leave, I + +24:13.860 --> 24:17.620 +think. Because you're not going down there + +24:17.620 --> 24:19.500 +to sell your line and propagate what you + +24:19.500 --> 24:22.740 +believe. But you're going down there to + +24:22.740 --> 24:25.200 +help those people do what they're trying + +24:25.200 --> 24:27.540 +to do. Maybe you bring in some outside + +24:27.540 --> 24:28.780 +knowledge, some outside skills. + +24:31.760 --> 24:33.480 +And if you think you know a better way of + +24:33.480 --> 24:36.140 +doing something, say it. don't try to make + +24:36.140 --> 24:38.360 +them do it. I mean that's just, you can't + +24:38.360 --> 24:39.820 +make people do things in the first place. + +24:39.980 --> 24:42.000 +You don't have that much influence and you + +24:42.000 --> 24:45.380 +just create confusion. There'll be a lot + +24:45.380 --> 24:47.600 +of situations where you find that because + +24:47.600 --> 24:50.100 +you are Northern White and with college + +24:50.100 --> 24:52.260 +backgrounds, people tend to be intimidated + +24:52.260 --> 24:55.700 +by that. And you'll have to deal with that + +24:55.700 --> 24:58.020 +when you get to that. Sometimes you find + +24:58.020 --> 25:00.600 +that you can't talk. I mean you simply + +25:00.600 --> 25:02.940 +can't talk until other people express what + +25:02.940 --> 25:05.060 +they believe. Because if you talk first, + +25:05.380 --> 25:07.980 +then they're too intimidating to talk. + +25:08.860 --> 25:12.460 +Because you become like God, you know, the + +25:12.460 --> 25:14.580 +Savior, which you know you're not. + +25:19.920 --> 25:21.800 +There are a lot of other things that + +25:21.800 --> 25:23.500 +become a lot touchier, like the + +25:23.500 --> 25:25.140 +relationship of you related to Slick's + +25:25.140 --> 25:30.740 +staff. Slick is basically black. It's + +25:30.740 --> 25:34.400 +black oil. to propagate black leadership, + +25:34.640 --> 25:39.680 +which is not such a bad thing. But you + +25:39.680 --> 25:41.720 +find almost a reversal of what you find + +25:41.720 --> 25:44.440 +with southern white men. You find black + +25:44.440 --> 25:49.040 +sharpness and black supremacy. And last + +25:49.040 --> 25:53.120 +summer at Oxford, the volunteers saw a + +25:53.120 --> 25:55.040 +very weird thing. They saw people who had + +25:55.040 --> 25:56.700 +been running across Mississippi for three + +25:56.700 --> 25:58.840 +years, going through all sorts of hell, + +25:58.840 --> 26:02.280 +little scared out of their wits for a + +26:02.280 --> 26:07.440 +number of reasons. One, they were afraid + +26:07.440 --> 26:09.460 +of the responsibility of 750 white + +26:09.460 --> 26:12.060 +volunteers and trying to keep them alive. + +26:13.460 --> 26:15.600 +And two, some of them were afraid of being + +26:15.600 --> 26:18.780 +overrun by white intellectuals. + +26:21.180 --> 26:25.000 +But you're two very valid figures. And + +26:25.000 --> 26:25.960 +they didn't know how to deal with that. + +26:29.500 --> 26:31.600 +And a great number of the volunteers felt + +26:31.600 --> 26:34.960 +like they were shut out and isolated. That + +26:34.960 --> 26:37.260 +they weren't talked to. That people + +26:37.260 --> 26:40.380 +wouldn't tell them what was going on. And + +26:40.380 --> 26:43.440 +I thought this. It's a closed, cold, cold + +26:43.440 --> 26:45.640 +staff meeting. Well, hell, I'm a project + +26:45.640 --> 26:47.500 +director. But you're not state staff, + +26:47.580 --> 26:50.100 +you're not court staff. It became a very, + +26:50.140 --> 26:54.780 +you know, it's all they had. A lot of that + +26:54.780 --> 26:56.160 +is broken down, but still you're going to + +26:56.160 --> 26:59.700 +find a reversal of pregnancy. I mean, + +26:59.700 --> 27:01.680 +after 20 years of being kicked around in + +27:01.680 --> 27:03.160 +the states of Mississippi and Alabama, in + +27:03.160 --> 27:04.400 +the northern ghettos, because you're + +27:04.400 --> 27:09.480 +black, you can't help but dislike white. I + +27:09.480 --> 27:10.600 +mean, these people are not, you know, + +27:12.960 --> 27:15.160 +They're not Jesus or anybody else because + +27:15.160 --> 27:18.160 +they don't love all men. And they have + +27:18.160 --> 27:22.660 +real hate towards the white race. And + +27:22.660 --> 27:24.020 +they're fighting with these. I mean, it's + +27:24.020 --> 27:27.560 +a struggle. And you're not going to like + +27:27.560 --> 27:28.860 +it. Maybe you're not supposed to like it. + +27:29.660 --> 27:30.960 +But you're going to have to realize it's + +27:30.960 --> 27:33.400 +there. It's in the framework of what's + +27:33.400 --> 27:36.680 +there. There have been volunteers who've + +27:36.680 --> 27:38.940 +come back, you know, really down on his + +27:38.940 --> 27:42.440 +neck. especially white females because + +27:42.440 --> 27:44.340 +they just don't have power. I mean the + +27:44.340 --> 27:46.820 +priority in terms of people wanted to go + +27:46.820 --> 27:50.440 +south was black southerners, white + +27:50.440 --> 27:53.920 +southerners, black northerners, white + +27:53.920 --> 27:56.740 +northerners. You break that northerners + +27:56.740 --> 27:59.920 +down, white male northerners and last but + +27:59.920 --> 28:03.600 +not least was white female law that was + +28:03.600 --> 28:08.380 +just it that works that way in terms of + +28:08.380 --> 28:10.500 +how much you can get how much influence + +28:10.500 --> 28:15.560 +you have you're a black male you carry + +28:15.560 --> 28:16.880 +yourself like you know what you're doing + +28:16.880 --> 28:19.920 +and you do your job to move people to move + +28:19.920 --> 28:23.800 +people and staff outside of staff your + +28:23.800 --> 28:27.440 +wife email and you don't work go to build + +28:27.440 --> 28:30.400 +a black man comes along, you have no + +28:30.400 --> 28:33.160 +influence, you have no power. People are + +28:33.160 --> 28:34.280 +constantly working to get you out of the + +28:34.280 --> 28:35.640 +state. I think you should be put out of + +28:35.640 --> 28:38.940 +the state. And this is another unfortunate + +28:38.940 --> 28:43.820 +thing. Last summer, too many, and one was + +28:43.820 --> 28:46.100 +too many, white females came into the + +28:46.100 --> 28:49.360 +state simply to sleep with white, black + +28:49.360 --> 28:52.800 +males. And this was something that + +28:52.800 --> 28:54.000 +couldn't be found out, you know, from + +28:54.000 --> 28:55.580 +psychological testing, of course. + +28:59.460 --> 29:03.260 +And you know, at least I hope you can + +29:03.260 --> 29:05.140 +begin to understand the reaction of black + +29:05.140 --> 29:09.240 +females as sick. I mean, the black males + +29:09.240 --> 29:10.740 +were castrated all through this country. + +29:11.340 --> 29:13.180 +Black females had to put up with, you + +29:13.180 --> 29:16.520 +know, shit from one end to the other. And + +29:16.520 --> 29:19.280 +suddenly here are men beginning to emerge + +29:19.280 --> 29:20.880 +as truly men in this country who are + +29:20.880 --> 29:22.860 +black, and white females come along and + +29:22.860 --> 29:27.240 +take them away. And that's the one topic + +29:27.240 --> 29:29.040 +of conversation that everybody talks about + +29:29.040 --> 29:31.740 +here. Everybody. That whole sex hang-up. + +29:32.380 --> 29:33.880 +And maybe that's the largest hang-up in + +29:33.880 --> 29:36.160 +this country. And when you put it in terms + +29:36.160 --> 29:41.500 +of race, it just becomes a very sick + +29:41.500 --> 29:41.740 +thing. + +29:45.680 --> 29:47.400 +The world's not going to change overnight, + +29:47.660 --> 29:50.600 +but when I talk to volunteers who are + +29:50.600 --> 29:52.500 +going south, usually on a very personal + +29:52.500 --> 29:55.740 +level, one to two or two to one, I put it + +29:55.740 --> 29:56.940 +very bluntly, especially the white + +29:56.940 --> 29:59.120 +females. The only way you're going to make + +29:59.120 --> 30:00.680 +it inside the civil rights movement of the + +30:00.680 --> 30:04.280 +south is work. I mean, that's the only + +30:04.280 --> 30:06.740 +thing that proves you. I mean, the people, + +30:07.020 --> 30:10.340 +you know, we don't care what you think or + +30:10.340 --> 30:13.500 +why you're going. that's your business as + +30:13.500 --> 30:14.500 +long as you do the job + +30:18.000 --> 30:19.560 +the other thing is going to prove his work + +30:23.460 --> 30:24.860 +I just sleep with what you want to sleep + +30:24.860 --> 30:26.940 +with but you're gonna run into a lot of + +30:26.940 --> 30:30.520 +lines and a lot of beautiful people it's + +30:30.520 --> 30:33.560 +very twisted by the society and you're + +30:33.560 --> 30:35.300 +simply gonna have to watch yourself if you + +30:35.300 --> 30:36.060 +expect to survive + +30:38.980 --> 30:41.760 +That's a very grim picture. But it's this + +30:41.760 --> 30:43.820 +country, and with this country and this + +30:43.820 --> 30:44.820 +society, it's done to people. + +30:51.280 --> 30:55.180 +In terms of data, as I said before, I + +30:55.180 --> 30:57.540 +don't think it's half as bad as it was in + +30:57.540 --> 31:01.340 +the last summer. And it's unfortunate that + +31:01.340 --> 31:03.900 +those 750 white volunteers from the North + +31:03.900 --> 31:05.660 +was the only thing that could break that + +31:05.660 --> 31:08.300 +state. The black people have been dying + +31:08.300 --> 31:11.900 +there for 40 years. Suddenly two white + +31:11.900 --> 31:14.700 +northerners die, and this whole country is + +31:14.700 --> 31:19.560 +up in arms. But they did make it possible + +31:19.560 --> 31:21.380 +for people to go into counties and work + +31:21.380 --> 31:22.680 +where nobody could work before for + +31:22.680 --> 31:25.260 +registration. Counties where there were 4 + +31:25.260 --> 31:27.920 +,000 whites and 12,000 Negroes, and + +31:27.920 --> 31:29.020 +nobody's been registered since + +31:29.020 --> 31:29.680 +Reconstruction. + +31:32.540 --> 31:34.740 +They walked in, the Senators started + +31:34.740 --> 31:36.980 +calling, the Senators started calling on + +31:36.980 --> 31:39.000 +phones, the Governor started calling, the + +31:39.000 --> 31:40.620 +FBI walked in, the Justice Department + +31:40.620 --> 31:43.120 +walked in, and the Sheriff said, Goddamn. + +31:46.300 --> 31:49.900 +And it worked. And a lot of those people + +31:49.900 --> 31:53.540 +did, you know, really good jobs. And + +31:53.540 --> 31:55.120 +there's a job for you to, you know, do in + +31:55.120 --> 31:58.180 +the state of Mississippi. Everybody can't + +31:58.180 --> 31:59.640 +work on voter registration full time. + +31:59.760 --> 32:02.880 +People have got to eat. And each county + +32:02.880 --> 32:05.100 +just about laid out its program and asked + +32:05.100 --> 32:06.160 +for the number of volunteers that it + +32:06.160 --> 32:08.660 +wants. There's going to be a difference + +32:08.660 --> 32:10.780 +this summer in terms of who you work for. + +32:12.040 --> 32:13.760 +Last summer people basically worked under + +32:13.760 --> 32:16.260 +the guidance of SNCC. It's a nice little + +32:16.260 --> 32:19.640 +establishment, to say the least. But this + +32:19.640 --> 32:22.780 +summer you're working for the FTP, which + +32:22.780 --> 32:25.540 +is better in one way, because you don't go + +32:25.540 --> 32:28.200 +into a county trying to make contacts or + +32:28.200 --> 32:30.920 +trying to get into the community you have + +32:30.920 --> 32:32.240 +somebody in the community asking for you + +32:32.240 --> 32:36.700 +and waiting for you you got it made on the + +32:36.700 --> 32:39.280 +other hand they're a hell of a lot more + +32:39.280 --> 32:42.740 +conservative in terms of dress, + +32:43.060 --> 32:48.720 +sexualized, religion and please don't go + +32:48.720 --> 32:51.120 +around trying to convince the good sisters + +32:51.120 --> 32:52.140 +they should be a + +32:56.580 --> 32:59.800 +religious have a personal thing anyway for + +32:59.800 --> 33:02.240 +too many years that's the only thing that + +33:02.240 --> 33:05.480 +they've had keep them going when you + +33:05.480 --> 33:07.100 +attack that you would take attack the + +33:07.100 --> 33:10.100 +basic finally those are the big you're + +33:10.100 --> 33:14.100 +gonna lose just leave that top They're + +33:14.100 --> 33:15.580 +going to draw you out, you know, make your + +33:15.580 --> 33:16.440 +own decisions on the spot. + +33:21.480 --> 33:23.600 +But they have their programs laid out, + +33:23.640 --> 33:25.420 +community centers, freedom schools, voter + +33:25.420 --> 33:28.200 +registration, specialized projects. And in + +33:28.200 --> 33:29.640 +some instances, they're asking people with + +33:29.640 --> 33:33.980 +specialized skills. And go in. They know + +33:33.980 --> 33:36.580 +what they want done. They want your help. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bd766nv2565_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bd766nv2565_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e42839c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bd766nv2565_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1877 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:03.280 +The information and the way you train + +00:03.280 --> 00:05.280 +other people is to give up the + +00:05.280 --> 00:08.380 +information. If that is so, then that's + +00:08.380 --> 00:09.900 +what the whole purpose of this meeting is, + +00:09.920 --> 00:12.120 +this leadership. It's that we're going to + +00:12.120 --> 00:16.140 +give you all the information we have. And + +00:16.140 --> 00:18.000 +also, a little later, I'll explain it to + +00:18.000 --> 00:20.840 +you. The program of the day today, the + +00:20.840 --> 00:24.720 +first thing I want to do is you already + +00:24.720 --> 00:26.760 +have information. I'm going to wait until + +00:26.760 --> 00:29.120 +you discuss that in a moment. I'm + +00:29.120 --> 00:31.000 +circulating two different sheets. One is + +00:31.000 --> 00:33.480 +your earliest availability to go south. + +00:33.680 --> 00:36.540 +And I know that you have problems flying + +00:36.540 --> 00:39.040 +over. So you want to be careful where you + +00:39.040 --> 00:41.780 +go. But you have your earliest + +00:41.780 --> 00:44.540 +availability. That's on the sheet that + +00:44.540 --> 00:46.460 +says, Littleman got earliest availability. + +00:47.320 --> 00:48.900 +And then there's another sheet going + +00:48.900 --> 00:51.580 +around that says the percentage of cars. + +00:51.880 --> 00:54.840 +And we want to know if you have a car, + +00:54.940 --> 00:57.040 +what its capacity is, and when you're + +00:57.040 --> 00:59.500 +leaving. So they'll be making their ways + +00:59.500 --> 01:02.220 +around. We'll get to that later this + +01:02.220 --> 01:05.640 +afternoon. We're going to give you an + +01:05.640 --> 01:09.260 +opportunity to ask some questions about + +01:09.260 --> 01:12.020 +Wavelength and the home of the group. And + +01:12.020 --> 01:13.260 +then a little bit later in the morning, + +01:13.380 --> 01:15.760 +we're going to have a panel put together + +01:15.760 --> 01:20.920 +of people, veterans related to having + +01:20.920 --> 01:24.200 +recently returned from the South. and to + +01:24.200 --> 01:27.080 +talk about the problems of regular + +01:27.080 --> 01:31.640 +abortion in southern communities. There + +01:31.640 --> 01:33.120 +are a lot of people who have not yet been + +01:33.120 --> 01:35.140 +interviewed, and we're aware of this, and + +01:35.140 --> 01:36.480 +our interview committee and screening + +01:36.480 --> 01:39.960 +committee is too. What we will ask you to + +01:39.960 --> 01:43.100 +do at the lunch break, instead of taking a + +01:43.100 --> 01:44.940 +normal one hour, we'll take one hour and a + +01:44.940 --> 01:46.540 +half, and we'll go through a 12-minute + +01:46.540 --> 01:48.800 +interview. Those of you who have not yet + +01:48.800 --> 01:51.100 +been interviewed, we'll just say right + +01:51.100 --> 01:52.060 +there on that screen, + +02:04.180 --> 02:07.020 +The orientation program will be designed + +02:07.020 --> 02:10.220 +to familiarize you with Mississippi, the + +02:10.220 --> 02:13.260 +people who are in the party and the + +02:13.260 --> 02:15.840 +planned summer programs. At the + +02:15.840 --> 02:17.920 +orientation session, you will be assigned + +02:17.920 --> 02:20.220 +to particular counties in which you will + +02:20.220 --> 02:22.540 +work and will meet the Mississippi people + +02:22.540 --> 02:25.280 +with whom you will be working. At the + +02:25.280 --> 02:27.400 +orientation session, a final decision on + +02:27.400 --> 02:30.260 +your acceptance will be made, for the MFDP + +02:30.260 --> 02:32.860 +must attempt to avoid all of the trouble + +02:32.860 --> 02:35.600 +possible for Mississippi. It's still a + +02:35.600 --> 02:38.060 +dangerous place. This does not pertain to + +02:38.060 --> 02:41.480 +you. You see, they're also dealing with + +02:41.480 --> 02:43.400 +lots of people individually all over the + +02:43.400 --> 02:45.220 +country, and Canada for that matter, too. + +02:46.520 --> 02:48.660 +If you've been screened up here, you've + +02:48.660 --> 02:51.700 +been accepted down. The session will be + +02:51.700 --> 02:53.420 +held at the Gulfside Methodist Assembly + +02:53.420 --> 02:55.260 +Waveland, Mississippi on the Gulf Coast. + +02:55.560 --> 02:57.900 +Travel directions are included. The + +02:57.900 --> 02:59.880 +orientation will start at 2 p.m. Thursday, + +03:00.120 --> 03:02.920 +June 10th. An evening meal will be served. + +03:03.120 --> 03:05.260 +The session will end Tuesday, June 15th + +03:05.260 --> 03:07.600 +after breakfast, at which time you will go + +03:07.600 --> 03:09.460 +to the county where you will be working. + +03:09.940 --> 03:12.020 +If at all possible, bring a sleeping bag + +03:12.020 --> 03:14.620 +for some people who may need it. We are + +03:14.620 --> 03:16.780 +also asking you to bring $25 to help us + +03:16.780 --> 03:21.540 +defray the expense of the session. It + +03:21.540 --> 03:23.700 +costs $5 a day to house and feed each + +03:23.700 --> 03:26.060 +volunteer. I'll explain that in a moment. + +03:26.360 --> 03:30.620 +The MFDP has almost no money at all now. + +03:31.180 --> 03:33.080 +This also means that we must ask you to + +03:33.080 --> 03:34.500 +provide your own transportation to + +03:34.500 --> 03:37.540 +Waveland. Speaking of money, we must ask + +03:37.540 --> 03:39.120 +that you provide your own subsistence for + +03:39.120 --> 03:41.580 +the summer. This means about $15 per week. + +03:42.340 --> 03:44.060 +housing will be arranged for you with + +03:44.060 --> 03:46.580 +people living in the county in regards to + +03:46.580 --> 03:48.140 +housing you must not expect facilities + +03:48.140 --> 03:50.760 +that you are probably used to this means + +03:50.760 --> 03:52.460 +that there may be no indoor plumbing no + +03:52.460 --> 03:56.880 +running water no hot water but the people + +03:56.880 --> 03:59.540 +you stay with will more than make up for + +03:59.540 --> 04:02.020 +the lack of facilities you should bring + +04:02.020 --> 04:03.540 +comfortable summer clothing to wear and + +04:03.540 --> 04:05.260 +unless you want to go to church you will + +04:05.260 --> 04:08.500 +not need dress clothing at all you should + +04:08.500 --> 04:10.140 +avoid bringing a lot of baggage because + +04:10.140 --> 04:12.880 +you will probably not need it and a lot of + +04:12.880 --> 04:14.480 +baggage will be difficult to carry around + +04:14.480 --> 04:16.460 +you should also bring your own personal + +04:16.460 --> 04:19.040 +items such as toilet articles or some + +04:19.040 --> 04:21.260 +point for in some places they may not be + +04:21.260 --> 04:24.800 +easily gotten if possible you should bring + +04:24.800 --> 04:26.860 +a typewriter typing paper carbon paper + +04:27.440 --> 04:29.540 +also if you are able to bring a car at all + +04:29.540 --> 04:31.880 +please do you have a tremendous lack of + +04:31.880 --> 04:33.860 +transportation not only in jackson but in + +04:33.860 --> 04:36.920 +all also in other counties if you do bring + +04:36.920 --> 04:38.380 +a car you should try to be able to cover + +04:38.380 --> 04:41.900 +operating expenses you should know that + +04:41.900 --> 04:43.980 +the mississippi law requires license + +04:43.980 --> 04:46.300 +mississippi license plates after 60 days + +04:46.300 --> 04:49.020 +in the state the tax costs four percent of + +04:49.020 --> 04:52.480 +the estimated value of the car the last + +04:52.480 --> 04:55.000 +thing we should mention is bail contacts + +04:55.000 --> 04:57.920 +there may be some trouble with quote + +04:57.920 --> 05:01.860 +mississippi officials unquote for the mfdp + +05:01.860 --> 05:05.400 +has not yet quote reached unquote them we + +05:07.980 --> 05:09.940 +We expect less trouble with them this + +05:09.940 --> 05:11.480 +summer than last, but a chance still + +05:11.480 --> 05:13.700 +remains that you may enjoy the local + +05:13.700 --> 05:17.380 +government's hospitality. We would like to + +05:17.380 --> 05:20.360 +know a few people we can contact for bond + +05:20.360 --> 05:22.920 +money. $500 will be sufficient in case you + +05:22.920 --> 05:26.620 +are arrested. We will have good legal help + +05:26.620 --> 05:29.820 +for you if this problem comes up. It is + +05:29.820 --> 05:31.220 +very important you attend the orientation + +05:31.220 --> 05:34.900 +session. what you will be doing will be + +05:34.900 --> 05:36.900 +discussed and you will have a chance to + +05:36.900 --> 05:39.440 +talk to the people with whom you will be + +05:39.440 --> 05:43.320 +working. That one, it should have stayed + +05:43.320 --> 05:44.760 +the last semester, whatever they want. + +05:47.920 --> 05:51.520 +Now this then is the detail of what the + +05:51.520 --> 05:54.360 +rest of the information from Waveland. The + +05:54.360 --> 05:56.240 +first two pages give you an idea of the + +05:56.240 --> 05:58.640 +counties in Mississippi which will have + +05:58.640 --> 06:02.000 +programs this summer. some of the numbers + +06:02.000 --> 06:04.780 +of people they will be needing. And we + +06:04.780 --> 06:06.300 +purposely reprinted the whole thing, + +06:06.320 --> 06:10.640 +although it might not all be useful to + +06:10.640 --> 06:12.140 +you. But just to give you an idea of what + +06:12.140 --> 06:16.280 +the range of projects are, all the way + +06:16.280 --> 06:19.800 +from, you see, sewing to adult education, + +06:20.060 --> 06:22.500 +voter registration, and so on. And these + +06:22.500 --> 06:24.360 +are for you to keep if you like. The total + +06:24.360 --> 06:26.160 +number of volunteers, that's for the whole + +06:26.160 --> 06:29.380 +country, It will be 439, and then like + +06:29.380 --> 06:33.080 +about 150 from here. We have, + +06:33.140 --> 06:36.340 +incidentally, over 100 that are not yet + +06:36.340 --> 06:41.580 +assigned and probably go. This is the rest + +06:41.580 --> 06:42.960 +of the next two pages of transportation + +06:42.960 --> 06:43.480 +information. + +06:47.060 --> 06:49.140 +And you'll see the reason for + +06:49.140 --> 06:51.220 +transportation coming from New Orleans if + +06:51.220 --> 06:52.720 +you'll turn to the next to the last page, + +06:52.900 --> 06:54.100 +because the map is there. + +07:01.860 --> 07:08.140 +New Orleans is your best or fastest way to + +07:08.140 --> 07:11.540 +go if you're coming from out here. Highway + +07:11.540 --> 07:15.720 +90 is that major scenic highway that + +07:15.720 --> 07:18.160 +follows the Gulf Coast, Florida, if you're + +07:18.160 --> 07:19.340 +driving from New Orleans. + +07:23.300 --> 07:25.360 +and some of the information I just read to + +07:25.360 --> 07:26.880 +you from that letter is contained on the + +07:26.880 --> 07:27.980 +last page + +07:34.760 --> 07:36.900 +now what I'd like to do is stop here right + +07:36.900 --> 07:41.180 +here and talk about it. Yes. + +07:47.740 --> 07:51.620 +Yeah. We've discussed this with SNCC + +07:51.620 --> 07:55.420 +regional people. We urge you not to go to + +07:55.420 --> 07:58.400 +Washington, but if you can get down here + +07:58.400 --> 07:59.800 +faster to go to Mississippi. + +08:03.520 --> 08:08.040 +If you're going what? You mean to visit + +08:08.040 --> 08:10.280 +family? And what's the question? + +08:13.900 --> 08:16.720 +And get back down here as quick as you can + +08:16.720 --> 08:21.540 +to Mississippi. Yeah. Unless you happen to + +08:21.540 --> 08:23.240 +be living in Washington. We have one + +08:23.240 --> 08:26.480 +that's very close. What do you think, + +08:26.480 --> 08:31.260 +Mike? Where are you? Yeah. If you're that + +08:31.260 --> 08:31.600 +close. + +08:54.560 --> 08:57.460 +Not unless it works out that the person + +08:57.460 --> 08:59.000 +sitting on this side of the room right now + +08:59.000 --> 09:01.340 +is jotting down in his piece of paper that + +09:01.340 --> 09:03.700 +I have a car leaving from New York on June + +09:03.700 --> 09:08.120 +19th. We have no way of working this out. + +09:08.360 --> 09:12.060 +Yeah? They may have cars. + +09:15.020 --> 09:18.700 +You have a... Do you know the address + +09:18.700 --> 09:19.060 +offhand? + +09:25.700 --> 09:26.340 +Okay. + +09:37.500 --> 09:39.480 +In other words, if you will be arriving in + +09:39.480 --> 09:43.040 +Mississippi after the 15th? No, you put + +09:43.040 --> 09:44.240 +that down on the sheet that's coming + +09:44.240 --> 09:47.140 +around, and what we're going to suggest to + +09:47.140 --> 09:50.000 +Mississippi people is that all of you + +09:50.000 --> 09:52.560 +people go directly to Jackson, to their + +09:52.560 --> 09:54.400 +central office, and then be assigned from + +09:54.400 --> 09:55.240 +there around the state. + +10:04.580 --> 10:09.400 +You got one separately? Yeah. Yeah. + +10:13.900 --> 10:16.980 +Well, if you've been... Have you been + +10:16.980 --> 10:18.780 +interviewed here? Yeah. Then you've been + +10:18.780 --> 10:20.920 +accepted in the Mississippi project, + +10:21.040 --> 10:22.400 +right? There are a few people who wrote + +10:22.400 --> 10:25.480 +independently of this next screening + +10:25.480 --> 10:27.300 +process up here, and they heard + +10:27.300 --> 10:29.680 +independently themselves. But they sent us + +10:29.680 --> 10:30.360 +a list of your names. + +10:34.100 --> 10:38.100 +Well, because they need the people down + +10:38.100 --> 10:40.400 +here right quick, and we haven't even been + +10:40.400 --> 10:42.740 +able to honor the needs of one or two of + +10:42.740 --> 10:45.660 +the small counties that have needs right + +10:45.660 --> 10:48.460 +now, so that it doesn't seem to make sense + +10:48.460 --> 10:51.660 +to go clear east and spend a week or two + +10:51.660 --> 10:53.860 +doing that when they need people right now + +10:53.860 --> 10:54.200 +in Mississippi. + +11:02.320 --> 11:04.100 +Well, we're going to suggest that there be + +11:04.100 --> 11:05.940 +an orientation, but I think that they will + +11:05.940 --> 11:08.260 +probably not be able to organize another + +11:08.260 --> 11:09.800 +statewide one, but there will be an + +11:09.800 --> 11:13.240 +orientation at your local project. It + +11:13.240 --> 11:14.620 +won't be as an elaborate one as this. + +11:28.820 --> 11:30.400 +I would suggest you give your two weeks + +11:30.400 --> 11:30.680 +notice. + +11:35.040 --> 11:36.500 +I'll bring the 400 with you. + +11:39.700 --> 11:43.660 +Or a car. Let me just see if I show a + +11:43.660 --> 11:46.480 +hand. How many do have cars? Oh, that's + +11:46.480 --> 11:49.780 +great. I mean that are going south. Cars + +11:49.780 --> 11:50.320 +are going south. + +11:56.560 --> 11:58.520 +We're going to get the Arkansas people + +11:58.520 --> 12:03.320 +together. Is Vince here someplace? During + +12:03.320 --> 12:06.900 +the lunch period, Vince, why don't you + +12:06.900 --> 12:08.600 +stand up so the other Arkansas people can + +12:08.600 --> 12:12.920 +see. This is Vincent O'Connor. During + +12:12.920 --> 12:15.240 +lunch, let's get the Arkansas people + +12:15.240 --> 12:19.060 +together down here. Okay? Okay, with this, + +12:19.060 --> 12:22.140 +down in this corner right here. And we'll + +12:22.140 --> 12:24.660 +work separately on transportation and what + +12:24.660 --> 12:26.300 +we report to and all this stuff over + +12:26.300 --> 12:27.140 +there. Yes. + +12:31.820 --> 12:36.660 +Have already what? Yes. Yes. Yes, let me + +12:36.660 --> 12:39.060 +see how many Arkansas people are there. + +12:39.160 --> 12:40.680 +Just put your hands up so I can count. + +12:41.140 --> 12:46.580 +One, two, three, four. Four. Okay, ten + +12:46.580 --> 12:49.780 +people were selected for Arkansas. They + +12:49.780 --> 12:51.960 +did their own, we sent them a whole batch + +12:51.960 --> 12:53.660 +of applications. They pulled out of it + +12:53.660 --> 12:55.760 +what they thought were their needs, and + +12:55.760 --> 12:57.680 +then they wrote directly to these people + +12:57.680 --> 13:00.600 +accepting them. Since then, we've had a + +13:00.600 --> 13:02.440 +little bit of attrition. I think we lost a + +13:02.440 --> 13:05.720 +few via the marriage route and other ways. + +13:06.320 --> 13:08.060 +So we're going to have to replace them. If + +13:08.060 --> 13:10.640 +somebody has a particular driving need, + +13:10.720 --> 13:13.240 +they want to go to Arkansas, So you can + +13:13.240 --> 13:14.740 +tell me about it during the lunch period. + +13:15.340 --> 13:16.700 +Otherwise, we're just going to be + +13:16.700 --> 13:19.520 +selecting people for you have some. So all + +13:19.520 --> 13:19.780 +right. + +13:23.820 --> 13:26.600 +There are four people left last week for, + +13:26.740 --> 13:30.780 +I think, Carroll County. That's on the + +13:30.780 --> 13:33.320 +sheet someplace, I'm sure. And a couple + +13:33.320 --> 13:35.840 +have gone off to other practice, other + +13:35.840 --> 13:38.360 +kinds of work a little bit earlier. And + +13:38.360 --> 13:42.520 +then we also lost a few to CORE and SLCC + +13:42.520 --> 13:44.220 +because we did not have enough definite + +13:44.220 --> 13:45.940 +information about summer projects and + +13:45.940 --> 13:48.320 +people had to make commitments, but that's + +13:48.320 --> 13:48.820 +not a loss. + +13:54.800 --> 13:56.620 +Let me just see by a show of hands so we + +13:56.620 --> 13:58.160 +all know ourselves. How many can make + +13:58.160 --> 13:59.380 +Waveland on June 10th? + +14:03.820 --> 14:07.680 +Yeah, 10 or 12. So can anybody, those who, + +14:07.760 --> 14:10.000 +just keep your hands down. How about other + +14:10.000 --> 14:12.260 +people that can make part of Waveland, say + +14:12.260 --> 14:13.640 +the 13th or the 15th? + +14:16.100 --> 14:17.620 +Oh, that's pretty soon. + +14:27.060 --> 14:28.940 +You're all young people driving all night? + +14:31.520 --> 14:32.680 +A day plus. + +14:40.920 --> 14:42.960 +You start at 8 o'clock one morning. You + +14:42.960 --> 14:44.520 +should make it 6 o'clock the next night. + +14:50.060 --> 14:50.880 +Day and a half. + +14:55.260 --> 14:57.040 +Yes, that's the 1.30. It's recession + +14:57.040 --> 14:58.000 +today. I'm going to try to arrange it + +14:58.000 --> 14:58.200 +properly. + +15:03.900 --> 15:06.360 +Yeah, 24, 12, 36 hours. + +15:11.820 --> 15:13.360 +I don't know what it is with you people. + +15:13.400 --> 15:14.580 +I've driven to Iowa in that time. + +15:17.840 --> 15:18.260 +Further? + +15:22.440 --> 15:29.800 +Maybe that's why. Two days. Uh, 36 hours. + +15:30.160 --> 15:32.960 +Uh, you got a lot of money to spend on the + +15:32.960 --> 15:33.480 +station here. + +15:36.760 --> 15:39.220 +Well, some people do. What's the distance? + +15:39.320 --> 15:42.180 +Does anybody know? Um, I think I'm gonna + +15:42.180 --> 15:45.580 +say it's... 2,000? 1,700 miles to Selma + +15:45.580 --> 15:48.560 +Station. How much? 1,700 miles to Selma + +15:48.560 --> 15:52.660 +Station. That's the minimum, sir. Yeah, + +15:52.660 --> 15:54.520 +but that's further east, isn't it? Yeah, + +15:54.520 --> 15:57.720 +that's north of that. I would say about 2 + +15:57.720 --> 16:01.900 +,000 miles. 2,000 miles. Yeah, that's what + +16:01.900 --> 16:04.660 +I figured, about 2,000 miles. Yeah. + +16:07.680 --> 16:13.340 +Make 1,000 miles a day. Yeah. Why is + +16:13.340 --> 16:15.320 +Mississippi asking for 130 volunteers? + +16:19.020 --> 16:21.540 +Well, as it works out, we seem to be the + +16:21.540 --> 16:23.120 +only ones, or at least the only ones we + +16:23.120 --> 16:25.720 +know about that are this well organized + +16:25.720 --> 16:31.140 +quote unquote so they you know we told + +16:31.140 --> 16:36.300 +them we'd have about 150. i think a lot of + +16:36.300 --> 16:39.780 +people have written directly to them and + +16:39.780 --> 16:41.400 +so they're dealing with a lot of people + +16:41.400 --> 16:43.140 +individually but they're counting on us + +16:43.140 --> 16:44.300 +for one large patch + +16:48.440 --> 16:51.700 +and has been interviewed right + +16:53.660 --> 16:55.940 +oh we made the assumption in your case + +16:55.940 --> 16:58.860 +that you're both are both good screen + +16:58.860 --> 17:00.340 +you're going to go together + +17:06.950 --> 17:08.760 +any other questions are wavelength + +17:14.300 --> 17:16.780 +all right uh phase two then for this + +17:16.780 --> 17:19.300 +morning is to uh get this panel together + +17:19.300 --> 17:23.820 +and uh talk about uh problems of living + +17:23.820 --> 17:26.080 +there now what we intend to do here is uh + +17:26.080 --> 17:29.420 +bring this people this group of people + +17:29.420 --> 17:33.600 +forward and uh give them all a minute or + +17:33.600 --> 17:36.580 +two to just open up areas that we'll get + +17:36.580 --> 17:40.260 +into in some depth but a lot of it will be + +17:40.260 --> 17:43.640 +in response to what your questions are too + +17:43.640 --> 17:47.580 +of this panel and uh you'll i'll introduce + +17:47.580 --> 17:49.920 +the panel to you uh very briefly but it'll + +17:49.920 --> 17:52.100 +give you an idea of what they have to + +17:52.100 --> 17:55.020 +offer to you let me first call up frank + +17:55.020 --> 17:59.700 +vitts and frank powell who are working up + +17:59.700 --> 18:00.520 +north + +18:03.460 --> 18:08.620 +who are from alabama and I'll tell you + +18:08.620 --> 18:12.440 +about life in Alabama. Ron Bridgeforth + +18:12.440 --> 18:17.120 +from Secretary of Defense. What happened + +18:17.120 --> 18:20.940 +to Ron? I think he must be standing + +18:20.940 --> 18:23.080 +outside or something. Is Doug Smith here? + +18:24.760 --> 18:26.940 +He was due with him, so maybe he went to + +18:26.940 --> 18:30.860 +get him or something. Kathy Kappen, who + +18:30.860 --> 18:33.320 +spent about seven months, And then, of all + +18:33.320 --> 18:34.660 +things, got married and went back to + +18:34.660 --> 18:35.960 +Mississippi recently on a honeymoon. + +18:40.320 --> 18:43.100 +Mike Miller, regional coordinator of SNCC + +18:43.100 --> 18:50.720 +in this area. Neil Friedman, who is with + +18:50.720 --> 18:53.660 +our screening committee at Langley Porter, + +18:54.340 --> 18:56.240 +some colleges, and will be teaching at a + +18:56.240 --> 18:57.800 +certain Negro college this year. + +19:05.000 --> 19:06.580 +And that's it for the moment. We'll wait + +19:06.580 --> 19:09.160 +for Ron, and when Ron and Doug come, they + +19:09.160 --> 19:12.560 +can just join us. Thank you. + +19:45.420 --> 19:46.640 +Doug, you want to come up here, please? + +19:48.640 --> 19:50.940 +Doug Smith is the 5th Congressional + +19:50.940 --> 19:53.080 +District Program Director for Snake and + +19:53.080 --> 19:53.360 +Mississippi. + +19:59.780 --> 20:01.820 +And Ron, I think it would be good if you + +20:01.820 --> 20:03.820 +would sort of kick things off and get out + +20:03.820 --> 20:04.240 +of your way here. + +20:25.560 --> 20:29.420 +Well, the man just said, tell you what it + +20:29.420 --> 20:32.260 +is, I live in Mississippi. And that's + +20:32.260 --> 20:35.360 +somewhat impossible. I mean you run into + +20:35.360 --> 20:38.360 +maybe, well you run into orientations in + +20:38.360 --> 20:40.880 +Waveland and come late probably one in + +20:40.880 --> 20:43.900 +Jackson. There were two orientations in + +20:43.900 --> 20:48.840 +Oxford, Ohio last summer. And people try + +20:48.840 --> 20:53.860 +to talk about, and will try to talk about + +20:53.860 --> 20:56.420 +what it's like to be in Mississippi and + +20:56.420 --> 20:57.500 +work on voter registration. + +21:00.440 --> 21:02.140 +Now I'll start off by saying you can't be + +21:02.140 --> 21:03.680 +prepared for that. I mean it's a different + +21:03.680 --> 21:04.040 +world. + +21:06.740 --> 21:09.440 +It's like, you might not like policemen + +21:09.440 --> 21:11.760 +now, but at least you can ask them for + +21:11.760 --> 21:12.060 +directions. + +21:16.400 --> 21:18.040 +And like people are going to attempt to + +21:18.040 --> 21:19.680 +scare the hell out of you so you don't go + +21:19.680 --> 21:22.180 +around the highways at 70 and 80 miles an + +21:22.180 --> 21:24.240 +hour before you learn what it's all about. + +21:24.980 --> 21:26.380 +and God, I hope you don't. + +21:29.220 --> 21:30.880 +You're going to run into people that + +21:30.880 --> 21:34.400 +really hate your guts. I mean, they'd + +21:34.400 --> 21:36.220 +rather see me, because at least I'm black, + +21:36.420 --> 21:38.800 +but you're a traitor. You're a traitor to + +21:38.800 --> 21:41.540 +the white race and white supremacy. And + +21:41.540 --> 21:43.980 +they look at it in those terms. You're + +21:43.980 --> 21:45.820 +going to run into very scared southern + +21:45.820 --> 21:48.900 +white men who have their backs against the + +21:48.900 --> 21:52.000 +wall, whose very way of life and existence + +21:52.460 --> 21:55.300 +I mean, is being torn away from you. The + +21:55.300 --> 21:56.860 +foundation of their lives is the Southern + +21:56.860 --> 22:02.000 +Negro. And he's standing up. He's being + +22:02.000 --> 22:03.420 +laid down all his life, and they've been + +22:03.420 --> 22:05.480 +standing on his back, and suddenly he's + +22:05.480 --> 22:08.180 +beginning to stand up. And what do they + +22:08.180 --> 22:12.860 +do? They have to follow. I mean, Baldwin + +22:12.860 --> 22:14.660 +articulates that whole situation very + +22:14.660 --> 22:16.840 +well, in terms of walking out in the + +22:16.840 --> 22:18.260 +morning and seeing the whole sky in + +22:18.260 --> 22:20.760 +flames. I mean, it destroys your grasp + +22:20.760 --> 22:23.180 +upon reality. And these men are very + +22:23.180 --> 22:24.440 +scared. They're fighting back like a + +22:24.440 --> 22:27.020 +corner cat in a corner. He's going to + +22:27.020 --> 22:28.440 +start striking me out any way possible, + +22:28.680 --> 22:29.960 +just out of fear. + +22:33.360 --> 22:36.940 +And during the years of 61, 60, 61, 62, + +22:37.160 --> 22:42.400 +63, there wasn't much in the way of + +22:42.400 --> 22:44.020 +stopping that man from just striking me + +22:44.020 --> 22:45.420 +out and hitting people and killing people. + +22:46.500 --> 22:48.800 +Because of last summer, and because of the + +22:48.800 --> 22:51.460 +virtual challenges going on now, he's also + +22:51.460 --> 22:55.240 +become very image conscious. So it's a bit + +22:55.240 --> 22:56.740 +safer than last summer. I mean, he doesn't + +22:56.740 --> 22:57.860 +want any trouble. He doesn't want...I + +22:57.860 --> 22:59.120 +mean, sheriffs don't want to be Sheriff + +22:59.120 --> 23:02.420 +Rainey all over again. So, I mean, they're + +23:02.420 --> 23:04.280 +kind of backing up. And they're being + +23:04.280 --> 23:05.860 +pushed farther and farther with this stuff + +23:05.860 --> 23:08.940 +now. And they're trying things like now to + +23:08.940 --> 23:11.140 +get you on every charge they can. and + +23:11.140 --> 23:12.280 +they're going to get you to contribute to + +23:12.280 --> 23:14.760 +the Lincoln C4-1 account, you're just + +23:14.760 --> 23:17.340 +going to have to watch yourself. And sure, + +23:17.360 --> 23:18.540 +they'll make deals here and there, and + +23:18.540 --> 23:20.060 +say, well, we'll give you 10 years and you + +23:20.060 --> 23:23.640 +leave the state of Alabama. You've got a + +23:23.640 --> 23:24.200 +choice, you know. + +23:27.300 --> 23:29.160 +But that should be told again and again. + +23:29.980 --> 23:31.980 +And fear is a good, healthy thing. It + +23:31.980 --> 23:35.880 +keeps you alive. And I'd say now, if + +23:35.880 --> 23:38.260 +you're not afraid, and you feel no fear, + +23:38.500 --> 23:40.740 +don't go. because there's something wrong. + +23:46.200 --> 23:49.220 +I think the attitude to go in with is that + +23:49.220 --> 23:51.840 +you don't know and you don't have the + +23:51.840 --> 23:55.400 +answers. At least not the answers, because + +23:55.400 --> 23:57.840 +I don't know if there's the answers. And + +23:57.840 --> 23:59.220 +those people are going to basically do + +23:59.220 --> 24:02.180 +what they want to do. They know what they + +24:02.180 --> 24:04.220 +want. Maybe it's not what you think they + +24:04.220 --> 24:07.180 +need, but they know what they want. and + +24:07.180 --> 24:08.480 +you're going in with the attitude of + +24:08.480 --> 24:11.500 +helping them to get it. And if you can't + +24:11.500 --> 24:13.860 +agree to that, then you should leave, I + +24:13.860 --> 24:17.620 +think. Because you're not going down there + +24:17.620 --> 24:19.500 +to sell your line and propagate what you + +24:19.500 --> 24:22.740 +believe. But you're going down there to + +24:22.740 --> 24:25.200 +help those people do what they're trying + +24:25.200 --> 24:27.540 +to do. Maybe you bring in some outside + +24:27.540 --> 24:28.780 +knowledge, some outside skills. + +24:31.760 --> 24:33.480 +And if you think you know a better way of + +24:33.480 --> 24:36.140 +doing something, say it. don't try to make + +24:36.140 --> 24:38.360 +them do it. I mean that's just, you can't + +24:38.360 --> 24:39.820 +make people do things in the first place. + +24:39.980 --> 24:42.000 +You don't have that much influence and you + +24:42.000 --> 24:45.380 +just create confusion. There'll be a lot + +24:45.380 --> 24:47.600 +of situations where you find that because + +24:47.600 --> 24:50.100 +you are Northern White and with college + +24:50.100 --> 24:52.260 +backgrounds, people tend to be intimidated + +24:52.260 --> 24:55.700 +by that. And you'll have to deal with that + +24:55.700 --> 24:58.020 +when you get to that. Sometimes you find + +24:58.020 --> 25:00.600 +that you can't talk. I mean you simply + +25:00.600 --> 25:02.940 +can't talk until other people express what + +25:02.940 --> 25:05.060 +they believe. Because if you talk first, + +25:05.380 --> 25:07.980 +then they're too intimidating to talk. + +25:08.860 --> 25:12.460 +Because you become like God, you know, the + +25:12.460 --> 25:14.580 +Savior, which you know you're not. + +25:19.920 --> 25:21.800 +There are a lot of other things that + +25:21.800 --> 25:23.500 +become a lot touchier, like the + +25:23.500 --> 25:25.140 +relationship of you related to Slick's + +25:25.140 --> 25:30.740 +staff. Slick is basically black. It's + +25:30.740 --> 25:34.400 +black oil. to propagate black leadership, + +25:34.640 --> 25:39.680 +which is not such a bad thing. But you + +25:39.680 --> 25:41.720 +find almost a reversal of what you find + +25:41.720 --> 25:44.440 +with southern white men. You find black + +25:44.440 --> 25:49.040 +sharpness and black supremacy. And last + +25:49.040 --> 25:53.120 +summer at Oxford, the volunteers saw a + +25:53.120 --> 25:55.040 +very weird thing. They saw people who had + +25:55.040 --> 25:56.700 +been running across Mississippi for three + +25:56.700 --> 25:58.840 +years, going through all sorts of hell, + +25:58.840 --> 26:02.280 +little scared out of their wits for a + +26:02.280 --> 26:07.440 +number of reasons. One, they were afraid + +26:07.440 --> 26:09.460 +of the responsibility of 750 white + +26:09.460 --> 26:12.060 +volunteers and trying to keep them alive. + +26:13.460 --> 26:15.600 +And two, some of them were afraid of being + +26:15.600 --> 26:18.780 +overrun by white intellectuals. + +26:21.180 --> 26:25.000 +But you're two very valid figures. And + +26:25.000 --> 26:25.960 +they didn't know how to deal with that. + +26:29.500 --> 26:31.600 +And a great number of the volunteers felt + +26:31.600 --> 26:34.960 +like they were shut out and isolated. That + +26:34.960 --> 26:37.260 +they weren't talked to. That people + +26:37.260 --> 26:40.380 +wouldn't tell them what was going on. And + +26:40.380 --> 26:43.440 +I thought this. It's a closed, cold, cold + +26:43.440 --> 26:45.640 +staff meeting. Well, hell, I'm a project + +26:45.640 --> 26:47.500 +director. But you're not state staff, + +26:47.580 --> 26:50.100 +you're not court staff. It became a very, + +26:50.140 --> 26:54.780 +you know, it's all they had. A lot of that + +26:54.780 --> 26:56.160 +is broken down, but still you're going to + +26:56.160 --> 26:59.700 +find a reversal of pregnancy. I mean, + +26:59.700 --> 27:01.680 +after 20 years of being kicked around in + +27:01.680 --> 27:03.160 +the states of Mississippi and Alabama, in + +27:03.160 --> 27:04.400 +the northern ghettos, because you're + +27:04.400 --> 27:09.480 +black, you can't help but dislike white. I + +27:09.480 --> 27:10.600 +mean, these people are not, you know, + +27:12.960 --> 27:15.160 +They're not Jesus or anybody else because + +27:15.160 --> 27:18.160 +they don't love all men. And they have + +27:18.160 --> 27:22.660 +real hate towards the white race. And + +27:22.660 --> 27:24.020 +they're fighting with these. I mean, it's + +27:24.020 --> 27:27.560 +a struggle. And you're not going to like + +27:27.560 --> 27:28.860 +it. Maybe you're not supposed to like it. + +27:29.660 --> 27:30.960 +But you're going to have to realize it's + +27:30.960 --> 27:33.400 +there. It's in the framework of what's + +27:33.400 --> 27:36.680 +there. There have been volunteers who've + +27:36.680 --> 27:38.940 +come back, you know, really down on his + +27:38.940 --> 27:42.440 +neck. especially white females because + +27:42.440 --> 27:44.340 +they just don't have power. I mean the + +27:44.340 --> 27:46.820 +priority in terms of people wanted to go + +27:46.820 --> 27:50.440 +south was black southerners, white + +27:50.440 --> 27:53.920 +southerners, black northerners, white + +27:53.920 --> 27:56.740 +northerners. You break that northerners + +27:56.740 --> 27:59.920 +down, white male northerners and last but + +27:59.920 --> 28:03.600 +not least was white female law that was + +28:03.600 --> 28:08.380 +just it that works that way in terms of + +28:08.380 --> 28:10.500 +how much you can get how much influence + +28:10.500 --> 28:15.560 +you have you're a black male you carry + +28:15.560 --> 28:16.880 +yourself like you know what you're doing + +28:16.880 --> 28:19.920 +and you do your job to move people to move + +28:19.920 --> 28:23.800 +people and staff outside of staff your + +28:23.800 --> 28:27.440 +wife email and you don't work go to build + +28:27.440 --> 28:30.400 +a black man comes along, you have no + +28:30.400 --> 28:33.160 +influence, you have no power. People are + +28:33.160 --> 28:34.280 +constantly working to get you out of the + +28:34.280 --> 28:35.640 +state. I think you should be put out of + +28:35.640 --> 28:38.940 +the state. And this is another unfortunate + +28:38.940 --> 28:43.820 +thing. Last summer, too many, and one was + +28:43.820 --> 28:46.100 +too many, white females came into the + +28:46.100 --> 28:49.360 +state simply to sleep with white, black + +28:49.360 --> 28:52.800 +males. And this was something that + +28:52.800 --> 28:54.000 +couldn't be found out, you know, from + +28:54.000 --> 28:55.580 +psychological testing, of course. + +28:59.460 --> 29:03.260 +And you know, at least I hope you can + +29:03.260 --> 29:05.140 +begin to understand the reaction of black + +29:05.140 --> 29:09.240 +females as sick. I mean, the black males + +29:09.240 --> 29:10.740 +were castrated all through this country. + +29:11.340 --> 29:13.180 +Black females had to put up with, you + +29:13.180 --> 29:16.520 +know, shit from one end to the other. And + +29:16.520 --> 29:19.280 +suddenly here are men beginning to emerge + +29:19.280 --> 29:20.880 +as truly men in this country who are + +29:20.880 --> 29:22.860 +black, and white females come along and + +29:22.860 --> 29:27.240 +take them away. And that's the one topic + +29:27.240 --> 29:29.040 +of conversation that everybody talks about + +29:29.040 --> 29:31.740 +here. Everybody. That whole sex hang-up. + +29:32.380 --> 29:33.880 +And maybe that's the largest hang-up in + +29:33.880 --> 29:36.160 +this country. And when you put it in terms + +29:36.160 --> 29:41.500 +of race, it just becomes a very sick + +29:41.500 --> 29:41.740 +thing. + +29:45.680 --> 29:47.400 +The world's not going to change overnight, + +29:47.660 --> 29:50.600 +but when I talk to volunteers who are + +29:50.600 --> 29:52.500 +going south, usually on a very personal + +29:52.500 --> 29:55.740 +level, one to two or two to one, I put it + +29:55.740 --> 29:56.940 +very bluntly, especially the white + +29:56.940 --> 29:59.120 +females. The only way you're going to make + +29:59.120 --> 30:00.680 +it inside the civil rights movement of the + +30:00.680 --> 30:04.280 +south is work. I mean, that's the only + +30:04.280 --> 30:06.740 +thing that proves you. I mean, the people, + +30:07.020 --> 30:10.340 +you know, we don't care what you think or + +30:10.340 --> 30:13.500 +why you're going. that's your business as + +30:13.500 --> 30:14.500 +long as you do the job + +30:18.000 --> 30:19.560 +the other thing is going to prove his work + +30:23.460 --> 30:24.860 +I just sleep with what you want to sleep + +30:24.860 --> 30:26.940 +with but you're gonna run into a lot of + +30:26.940 --> 30:30.520 +lines and a lot of beautiful people it's + +30:30.520 --> 30:33.560 +very twisted by the society and you're + +30:33.560 --> 30:35.300 +simply gonna have to watch yourself if you + +30:35.300 --> 30:36.060 +expect to survive + +30:38.980 --> 30:41.760 +That's a very grim picture. But it's this + +30:41.760 --> 30:43.820 +country, and with this country and this + +30:43.820 --> 30:44.820 +society, it's done to people. + +30:51.280 --> 30:55.180 +In terms of data, as I said before, I + +30:55.180 --> 30:57.540 +don't think it's half as bad as it was in + +30:57.540 --> 31:01.340 +the last summer. And it's unfortunate that + +31:01.340 --> 31:03.900 +those 750 white volunteers from the North + +31:03.900 --> 31:05.660 +was the only thing that could break that + +31:05.660 --> 31:08.300 +state. The black people have been dying + +31:08.300 --> 31:11.900 +there for 40 years. Suddenly two white + +31:11.900 --> 31:14.700 +northerners die, and this whole country is + +31:14.700 --> 31:19.560 +up in arms. But they did make it possible + +31:19.560 --> 31:21.380 +for people to go into counties and work + +31:21.380 --> 31:22.680 +where nobody could work before for + +31:22.680 --> 31:25.260 +registration. Counties where there were 4 + +31:25.260 --> 31:27.920 +,000 whites and 12,000 Negroes, and + +31:27.920 --> 31:29.020 +nobody's been registered since + +31:29.020 --> 31:29.680 +Reconstruction. + +31:32.540 --> 31:34.740 +They walked in, the Senators started + +31:34.740 --> 31:36.980 +calling, the Senators started calling on + +31:36.980 --> 31:39.000 +phones, the Governor started calling, the + +31:39.000 --> 31:40.620 +FBI walked in, the Justice Department + +31:40.620 --> 31:43.120 +walked in, and the Sheriff said, Goddamn. + +31:46.300 --> 31:49.900 +And it worked. And a lot of those people + +31:49.900 --> 31:53.540 +did, you know, really good jobs. And + +31:53.540 --> 31:55.120 +there's a job for you to, you know, do in + +31:55.120 --> 31:58.180 +the state of Mississippi. Everybody can't + +31:58.180 --> 31:59.640 +work on voter registration full time. + +31:59.760 --> 32:02.880 +People have got to eat. And each county + +32:02.880 --> 32:05.100 +just about laid out its program and asked + +32:05.100 --> 32:06.160 +for the number of volunteers that it + +32:06.160 --> 32:08.660 +wants. There's going to be a difference + +32:08.660 --> 32:10.780 +this summer in terms of who you work for. + +32:12.040 --> 32:13.760 +Last summer people basically worked under + +32:13.760 --> 32:16.260 +the guidance of SNCC. It's a nice little + +32:16.260 --> 32:19.640 +establishment, to say the least. But this + +32:19.640 --> 32:22.780 +summer you're working for the FTP, which + +32:22.780 --> 32:25.540 +is better in one way, because you don't go + +32:25.540 --> 32:28.200 +into a county trying to make contacts or + +32:28.200 --> 32:30.920 +trying to get into the community you have + +32:30.920 --> 32:32.240 +somebody in the community asking for you + +32:32.240 --> 32:36.700 +and waiting for you you got it made on the + +32:36.700 --> 32:39.280 +other hand they're a hell of a lot more + +32:39.280 --> 32:42.740 +conservative in terms of dress, + +32:43.060 --> 32:48.720 +sexualized, religion and please don't go + +32:48.720 --> 32:51.120 +around trying to convince the good sisters + +32:51.120 --> 32:52.140 +they should be a + +32:56.580 --> 32:59.800 +religious have a personal thing anyway for + +32:59.800 --> 33:02.240 +too many years that's the only thing that + +33:02.240 --> 33:05.480 +they've had keep them going when you + +33:05.480 --> 33:07.100 +attack that you would take attack the + +33:07.100 --> 33:10.100 +basic finally those are the big you're + +33:10.100 --> 33:14.100 +gonna lose just leave that top They're + +33:14.100 --> 33:15.580 +going to draw you out, you know, make your + +33:15.580 --> 33:16.440 +own decisions on the spot. + +33:21.480 --> 33:23.600 +But they have their programs laid out, + +33:23.640 --> 33:25.420 +community centers, freedom schools, voter + +33:25.420 --> 33:28.200 +registration, specialized projects. And in + +33:28.200 --> 33:29.640 +some instances, they're asking people with + +33:29.640 --> 33:33.980 +specialized skills. And go in. They know + +33:33.980 --> 33:36.580 +what they want done. They want your help. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bg405cn7261_v2_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bg405cn7261_v2_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..16e6f47 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bg405cn7261_v2_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,815 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:24.420 --> 00:27.020 +Okay, good. Thank you so much, Mark. My + +00:27.020 --> 00:29.580 +name is Amanda Whitmire. I am from the + +00:29.580 --> 00:31.740 +Miller Marine Biology Library here at + +00:31.740 --> 00:33.220 +Stanford Libraries, and I'm going to spend + +00:33.220 --> 00:35.920 +the next 10 minutes talking about student + +00:35.920 --> 00:37.740 +work and FERPA. And I nixed copyright + +00:37.740 --> 00:39.120 +because I only have 10 minutes, and + +00:39.120 --> 00:40.680 +there's a copyright person coming up in a + +00:40.680 --> 00:42.360 +bit later, so we won't worry about that + +00:42.360 --> 00:46.440 +for now. So FERPA is U.S. law, but I'm + +00:46.440 --> 00:48.900 +discussing it through the lens of a + +00:48.900 --> 00:51.520 +librarian at a marine research station + +00:52.020 --> 00:54.400 +with the intent of really just putting it + +00:54.400 --> 00:56.280 +on our collective radar as we move forward + +00:56.280 --> 00:58.220 +talking about archives and access over the + +00:58.220 --> 01:01.160 +next couple days. And just for context, my + +01:01.160 --> 01:03.460 +library is actually located at the Hopkins + +01:03.460 --> 01:05.440 +Marine Station, which is about 90 miles + +01:05.440 --> 01:08.220 +south of here, perched on the southern tip + +01:08.220 --> 01:13.560 +of Monterey Bay. Lucky me. So let's just + +01:13.560 --> 01:16.700 +get right into it. What is FERPA? So FERPA + +01:16.700 --> 01:18.560 +is a federal law that came in response + +01:18.560 --> 01:20.480 +really to a history of inconsistent + +01:20.480 --> 01:23.380 +institutional policies and improper + +01:23.380 --> 01:25.680 +disclosure of student information. So the + +01:25.680 --> 01:27.720 +intent of FERPA really is to protect + +01:27.720 --> 01:30.440 +privacy of both parents and student + +01:30.440 --> 01:31.020 +information. + +01:33.640 --> 01:35.960 +And what FERPA says is that institutions + +01:35.960 --> 01:38.320 +that receive federal funds have to provide + +01:38.320 --> 01:40.160 +parents with access to the educational + +01:40.160 --> 01:42.260 +records of their children, although this + +01:42.260 --> 01:43.820 +right transfers to the student once they + +01:43.820 --> 01:47.300 +turn 18. It prohibits releasing the + +01:47.300 --> 01:50.160 +educational records of students other than + +01:50.160 --> 01:52.580 +directory information without written + +01:52.580 --> 01:56.340 +consent, although consent is not required + +01:56.340 --> 01:58.600 +for release of the education records to + +01:58.600 --> 02:00.720 +certain institutions and organizations, + +02:01.160 --> 02:06.360 +which is slightly confusing, right? So + +02:06.360 --> 02:07.980 +recall that I mentioned that directory + +02:07.980 --> 02:09.420 +information can be released without + +02:09.420 --> 02:11.120 +consent. So what is directory information? + +02:11.120 --> 02:12.920 +It's things that wouldn't be considered a + +02:12.920 --> 02:15.480 +violation of the student's privacy, which + +02:15.480 --> 02:18.100 +surprisingly includes things like place + +02:18.100 --> 02:20.440 +and date of birth, their photograph. If + +02:20.440 --> 02:21.780 +they're on an athletic team, you can + +02:21.780 --> 02:24.260 +release their height and weight. So I'll + +02:24.260 --> 02:26.120 +leave it to you to decide how invasive you + +02:26.120 --> 02:29.540 +think this non-private information really + +02:29.540 --> 02:32.780 +is. And then recall also that consent + +02:32.780 --> 02:34.960 +wasn't required to release certain + +02:34.960 --> 02:38.400 +education records of students. Well, what + +02:38.400 --> 02:41.160 +are those? FERPA defines those as being + +02:41.160 --> 02:44.820 +student works that are directly related to + +02:44.820 --> 02:47.680 +the students process through school and + +02:47.680 --> 02:48.780 +they're maintained by the educational + +02:48.780 --> 02:50.900 +institution and it could be handwritten + +02:50.900 --> 02:53.940 +assignments, digital media, and so on. + +02:54.000 --> 02:57.480 +Lots of different formats. So already this + +02:57.480 --> 02:59.480 +is pretty confusing and as librarians and + +02:59.480 --> 03:00.900 +archivists you're probably wondering well + +03:00.900 --> 03:03.440 +what is the overlap between student work + +03:03.440 --> 03:05.620 +you might have in your collection and + +03:05.620 --> 03:07.420 +FERPA? What is considered an education + +03:07.420 --> 03:09.940 +record and might have to be collected and + +03:09.940 --> 03:11.140 +what is something that we can make + +03:11.140 --> 03:14.400 +available. And so ALA actually asked the + +03:14.400 --> 03:16.000 +US Department of Education this question + +03:16.000 --> 03:18.640 +in 1993 and the Department of Ed clarified + +03:18.640 --> 03:21.800 +saying something like a thesis which a + +03:21.800 --> 03:24.440 +student gives to the library generally for + +03:24.440 --> 03:26.260 +the known purpose of being made available + +03:26.260 --> 03:29.900 +as a research material. The process of the + +03:29.900 --> 03:31.620 +student giving their material to the + +03:31.620 --> 03:33.380 +library provides a form of tacit + +03:33.380 --> 03:35.020 +permission to to make those materials + +03:35.020 --> 03:36.340 +available as research objects. + +03:40.300 --> 03:42.460 +So as we've seen, the regulations + +03:42.460 --> 03:44.460 +concerning student work or educational + +03:44.460 --> 03:48.880 +records can be confusing, but FERPA is + +03:48.880 --> 03:50.520 +important, and our understanding of FERPA + +03:50.520 --> 03:52.020 +is important because I think students + +03:52.020 --> 03:54.560 +produce really important research that's + +03:54.560 --> 03:55.840 +critical to our understanding of the + +03:55.840 --> 03:58.060 +world. And to the extent possible, I wanna + +03:58.060 --> 03:59.940 +be able to make those research materials + +03:59.940 --> 04:03.140 +available. And so for the next few + +04:03.140 --> 04:04.260 +minutes, I'm going to give you an example + +04:04.260 --> 04:05.500 +of something that I've been navigating + +04:05.500 --> 04:07.860 +through my work recently to give you some + +04:07.860 --> 04:10.320 +context on my thoughts on this issue. And + +04:10.320 --> 04:11.960 +it's going to seem like a little bit of a + +04:11.960 --> 04:13.700 +tangent at first, but stick with me. It's + +04:13.700 --> 04:16.940 +all going to come back together. So has + +04:16.940 --> 04:19.260 +anyone in this room ever used the Merlin + +04:19.260 --> 04:21.700 +Bird ID app or iNaturalist to identify + +04:21.700 --> 04:25.340 +something? Yes. My people. You're my + +04:25.340 --> 04:27.640 +people. Perfect. So when you take a + +04:27.640 --> 04:29.120 +picture of something and you upload it + +04:29.120 --> 04:30.920 +into Merlin or to iNaturalist, what you're + +04:30.920 --> 04:32.500 +doing is you're collecting three pieces of + +04:32.500 --> 04:35.520 +information. I saw this thing in this + +04:35.520 --> 04:38.100 +place at this time. And those three pieces + +04:38.100 --> 04:39.640 +of information together are called a + +04:39.640 --> 04:40.220 +species occurrence. + +04:43.780 --> 04:46.180 +And there's a place called GBIF, the + +04:46.180 --> 04:47.880 +Global Biodiversity Information Facility, + +04:47.880 --> 04:49.800 +that gathers species occurrence records + +04:49.800 --> 04:52.400 +from iNaturalist, from eBird, from + +04:52.400 --> 04:54.340 +academic research that's happening all + +04:54.340 --> 04:56.080 +over the world. And as it stands, they + +04:56.080 --> 05:00.300 +have almost 1.4 billion records of, I saw + +05:00.300 --> 05:03.420 +this thing in this place at this time. And + +05:03.420 --> 05:05.140 +why is that important? Well, if you're + +05:05.140 --> 05:06.760 +interested in understanding things like + +05:06.760 --> 05:08.620 +how climate change might be shifting the + +05:08.620 --> 05:10.220 +distribution of animals and plants on the + +05:10.220 --> 05:12.240 +planet, you have to understand not only + +05:12.240 --> 05:14.140 +where they are now, but where they were + +05:14.140 --> 05:16.840 +before. And that is the power of 1.4 + +05:16.840 --> 05:21.440 +billion observations in GBIF. So as one + +05:21.440 --> 05:22.860 +example, say you're interested in knowing + +05:22.860 --> 05:25.700 +where this very common marine anemone can + +05:25.700 --> 05:28.040 +be found in the world, Anthoplaura, and + +05:28.040 --> 05:29.840 +you go to GBIF and you take a look and see + +05:29.840 --> 05:31.400 +what they have, you'll see that there's + +05:31.400 --> 05:33.660 +almost 2,500 species occurrence records, + +05:33.820 --> 05:37.300 +which sounds like a lot of data. But if + +05:37.300 --> 05:39.620 +you take one step deeper into the data, + +05:39.700 --> 05:41.300 +what you find is that the large majority + +05:41.300 --> 05:43.520 +of our records of this organism, and in + +05:43.520 --> 05:45.780 +fact the majority of all of the records in + +05:45.780 --> 05:48.040 +GBIF, are very recent. And if you're + +05:48.040 --> 05:49.700 +interested in looking at things on the + +05:49.700 --> 05:51.240 +scale of climate change, you need to be + +05:51.240 --> 05:53.800 +able to look much further back in time. So + +05:53.800 --> 05:56.460 +how do we fill this observational gap? And + +05:56.460 --> 05:57.660 +that's where I think long-standing + +05:57.660 --> 05:59.680 +educational institutions like Stanford and + +05:59.680 --> 06:01.520 +others really are poised to make a + +06:01.520 --> 06:04.020 +significant contribution. And one area + +06:04.020 --> 06:06.280 +where I think we can make a contribution + +06:06.280 --> 06:08.000 +locally is through the undergraduate work + +06:08.000 --> 06:09.720 +of our students. So in particular I just + +06:09.720 --> 06:11.540 +want to give this one example of two + +06:11.540 --> 06:13.220 +students, Sarah Gilman and Rafe Stagrin. + +06:13.340 --> 06:15.740 +They came to Hopkins in the summer of 1993 + +06:15.740 --> 06:18.820 +and what they chose to do for their + +06:18.820 --> 06:20.740 +research project was to resample a + +06:20.740 --> 06:23.420 +transect that was first sampled in 1931 to + +06:23.420 --> 06:26.340 +1933. So there's an an intertidal line + +06:26.340 --> 06:28.660 +that goes from the shore out 105 yards. + +06:28.920 --> 06:30.760 +They finally found the line after three + +06:30.760 --> 06:33.360 +days, started by that brass bolt. They + +06:33.360 --> 06:35.500 +looked at 19 square yards along this line. + +06:35.600 --> 06:37.600 +They counted up all the species and they + +06:37.600 --> 06:39.560 +compared what they saw to what another + +06:39.560 --> 06:41.740 +researcher had seen back in the 1930s. And + +06:41.740 --> 06:43.220 +what they discovered was that there was a + +06:43.220 --> 06:45.500 +shift toward warmer water species. And + +06:45.500 --> 06:47.100 +along with a temperature time series that + +06:47.100 --> 06:48.340 +we also maintain at Hopkins, they + +06:48.340 --> 06:50.420 +hypothesized that this might be due to + +06:50.420 --> 06:52.980 +shifting ocean temperatures. And their + +06:52.980 --> 06:57.500 +student paper is in my library. So based + +06:57.500 --> 06:58.980 +on that work, they came back the following + +06:58.980 --> 07:00.620 +summer. They did more work. They + +07:00.620 --> 07:03.660 +identified over 58,000 individuals from + +07:03.660 --> 07:06.620 +105 different invertebrate taxa. And + +07:06.620 --> 07:08.200 +again, they were able to, with this + +07:08.200 --> 07:12.400 +greater body of data, actually show a + +07:12.400 --> 07:14.340 +strong correlation between species shifts + +07:14.340 --> 07:16.360 +and changing ocean temperatures. And their + +07:16.360 --> 07:18.220 +work as undergraduates was published in + +07:18.220 --> 07:23.020 +Science. Not bad. But their work is just + +07:23.020 --> 07:25.280 +one paper in a much larger collection that + +07:25.280 --> 07:27.060 +we have in our library that expands from + +07:27.060 --> 07:30.100 +every year a class was the same class was + +07:30.100 --> 07:33.240 +taught from 1963 to 2011 and these are all + +07:33.240 --> 07:34.800 +of their unbound papers which are now + +07:34.800 --> 07:36.780 +actually here on campus being digitized. + +07:38.580 --> 07:41.020 +But what you'll also find out is that my + +07:41.020 --> 07:42.340 +collection of student papers is not + +07:42.340 --> 07:44.000 +unique. So these are similar collections + +07:44.000 --> 07:45.440 +in Washington up at Friday Harbor, + +07:45.700 --> 07:48.260 +collection starts in the 40s, up at Bodega + +07:48.260 --> 07:49.820 +Marine Labs just north of us here, their + +07:49.820 --> 07:51.900 +collection starts in the 1920s and is on + +07:51.900 --> 07:53.940 +both of these are ongoing. Here's a + +07:53.940 --> 07:55.460 +collection from Banfield Marine Science + +07:55.460 --> 07:59.320 +Center up in Canada, British Columbia. And + +07:59.320 --> 08:00.800 +when I reached out to my colleagues at + +08:00.800 --> 08:02.280 +other marine stations, what I found is + +08:02.280 --> 08:04.060 +there are literally thousands of + +08:04.060 --> 08:05.700 +undergraduate student research papers + +08:05.700 --> 08:08.760 +available for local use in our libraries. + +08:09.380 --> 08:10.900 +So if you're interested in exploring + +08:10.900 --> 08:12.560 +something like climate change for an + +08:12.560 --> 08:15.000 +intertidal species, this body of work is + +08:15.000 --> 08:18.060 +unprecedented in its coverage in space and + +08:18.060 --> 08:21.180 +time. But what does this have to do with + +08:21.180 --> 08:24.640 +FERPA? You're all wondering, Amanda. And + +08:24.640 --> 08:26.740 +so what I discovered when I was working + +08:26.740 --> 08:28.180 +with my colleagues up and down the coast + +08:28.180 --> 08:30.140 +to assess the potential for creating just + +08:30.140 --> 08:32.740 +a federated catalog, let's get all the + +08:32.740 --> 08:34.040 +bibliographies of all these students + +08:34.040 --> 08:35.860 +papers together, put them in one place, so + +08:35.860 --> 08:37.680 +if a researcher wanted to know just what's + +08:37.680 --> 08:39.040 +out there in terms of student research, + +08:39.240 --> 08:41.600 +can I find it? What I discovered is that + +08:41.600 --> 08:43.560 +in at least two cases of those libraries + +08:43.560 --> 08:46.520 +on the last slide, the librarians were + +08:46.520 --> 08:47.840 +limited in their ability to share + +08:47.840 --> 08:49.360 +bibliographies because of the + +08:49.360 --> 08:52.340 +institution's understanding of FERPA. So + +08:52.340 --> 08:53.820 +in the case in front of you here, the + +08:53.820 --> 08:55.700 +librarian was told she had to remove all + +08:55.700 --> 08:57.220 +of the student names, the student author + +08:57.220 --> 08:58.420 +names from the papers from the + +08:58.420 --> 09:00.160 +bibliography. This is our oldest + +09:00.160 --> 09:02.900 +collection, it goes back to 1928, so she + +09:02.900 --> 09:05.140 +had to remove all those names by hand. She + +09:05.140 --> 09:06.980 +was also told she couldn't put these in + +09:06.980 --> 09:09.620 +the library catalog, so what she did is + +09:09.620 --> 09:12.260 +she created a PDF and she shares this on + +09:12.260 --> 09:13.960 +the library webpage. And if you'd like to + +09:13.960 --> 09:16.360 +search it, you can use a control F to + +09:16.360 --> 09:18.860 +search her catalog of student papers. In + +09:18.860 --> 09:20.740 +another case, a librarian was told point + +09:20.740 --> 09:22.460 +blank, you can't put this bibliography + +09:22.460 --> 09:24.080 +online, period. It's an invasion of + +09:24.080 --> 09:27.000 +students' privacy. But you remember what + +09:27.000 --> 09:28.460 +what the US Department of Education said. + +09:28.680 --> 09:30.240 +When a student gives the work to the + +09:30.240 --> 09:32.640 +library, it's tasked with permission to + +09:32.640 --> 09:34.480 +share the work. I'm not talking about + +09:34.480 --> 09:35.820 +copyright, that's a totally separate + +09:35.820 --> 09:38.060 +issue, but it's perfectly acceptable to + +09:38.060 --> 09:39.460 +make the work available through the + +09:39.460 --> 09:42.400 +library. And their name is directory + +09:42.400 --> 09:44.380 +information, that's not protected. So + +09:44.380 --> 09:45.780 +there seems to be a lot of confusion about + +09:45.780 --> 09:48.200 +FERPA that's really limiting our ability + +09:48.200 --> 09:50.680 +as librarians to distribute content and + +09:50.680 --> 09:52.800 +make it discoverable in ways that we think + +09:52.800 --> 09:57.020 +are unacceptable. acceptable. So I hope + +09:57.020 --> 09:59.440 +I've been able to show you that there's + +09:59.440 --> 10:01.300 +potential that lies within student work + +10:01.300 --> 10:04.000 +and the impact that you can have so that + +10:04.000 --> 10:05.940 +you might understand my frustration and my + +10:05.940 --> 10:09.300 +interest in FERPA. As a librarian, I feel + +10:09.300 --> 10:10.980 +a moral obligation to make critical + +10:10.980 --> 10:12.480 +observational research data and + +10:12.480 --> 10:15.100 +information available to researchers to + +10:15.100 --> 10:17.940 +the widest extent possible under the + +10:17.940 --> 10:19.940 +growing threat of climate change, siloed + +10:19.940 --> 10:22.680 +catalogs or worse yet catalogs that you + +10:22.680 --> 10:24.500 +can't even find are completely + +10:24.500 --> 10:27.700 +unacceptable as a status quo and I know I + +10:27.700 --> 10:30.280 +don't need to tell you guys that. So we + +10:30.280 --> 10:32.060 +need new ways to discover and access the + +10:32.060 --> 10:33.880 +research hiding in our collections and in + +10:33.880 --> 10:36.060 +the case of student works this means that + +10:36.060 --> 10:38.100 +we have to understand the limits and the + +10:38.100 --> 10:41.040 +latitudes associated with FERPA and that's + +10:41.040 --> 10:42.220 +why I wanted to share it with you today. + +10:42.380 --> 10:43.000 +Thank you. + +10:48.160 --> 10:48.780 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bg405cn7261_v2_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bg405cn7261_v2_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..16e6f47 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bg405cn7261_v2_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,815 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:24.420 --> 00:27.020 +Okay, good. Thank you so much, Mark. My + +00:27.020 --> 00:29.580 +name is Amanda Whitmire. I am from the + +00:29.580 --> 00:31.740 +Miller Marine Biology Library here at + +00:31.740 --> 00:33.220 +Stanford Libraries, and I'm going to spend + +00:33.220 --> 00:35.920 +the next 10 minutes talking about student + +00:35.920 --> 00:37.740 +work and FERPA. And I nixed copyright + +00:37.740 --> 00:39.120 +because I only have 10 minutes, and + +00:39.120 --> 00:40.680 +there's a copyright person coming up in a + +00:40.680 --> 00:42.360 +bit later, so we won't worry about that + +00:42.360 --> 00:46.440 +for now. So FERPA is U.S. law, but I'm + +00:46.440 --> 00:48.900 +discussing it through the lens of a + +00:48.900 --> 00:51.520 +librarian at a marine research station + +00:52.020 --> 00:54.400 +with the intent of really just putting it + +00:54.400 --> 00:56.280 +on our collective radar as we move forward + +00:56.280 --> 00:58.220 +talking about archives and access over the + +00:58.220 --> 01:01.160 +next couple days. And just for context, my + +01:01.160 --> 01:03.460 +library is actually located at the Hopkins + +01:03.460 --> 01:05.440 +Marine Station, which is about 90 miles + +01:05.440 --> 01:08.220 +south of here, perched on the southern tip + +01:08.220 --> 01:13.560 +of Monterey Bay. Lucky me. So let's just + +01:13.560 --> 01:16.700 +get right into it. What is FERPA? So FERPA + +01:16.700 --> 01:18.560 +is a federal law that came in response + +01:18.560 --> 01:20.480 +really to a history of inconsistent + +01:20.480 --> 01:23.380 +institutional policies and improper + +01:23.380 --> 01:25.680 +disclosure of student information. So the + +01:25.680 --> 01:27.720 +intent of FERPA really is to protect + +01:27.720 --> 01:30.440 +privacy of both parents and student + +01:30.440 --> 01:31.020 +information. + +01:33.640 --> 01:35.960 +And what FERPA says is that institutions + +01:35.960 --> 01:38.320 +that receive federal funds have to provide + +01:38.320 --> 01:40.160 +parents with access to the educational + +01:40.160 --> 01:42.260 +records of their children, although this + +01:42.260 --> 01:43.820 +right transfers to the student once they + +01:43.820 --> 01:47.300 +turn 18. It prohibits releasing the + +01:47.300 --> 01:50.160 +educational records of students other than + +01:50.160 --> 01:52.580 +directory information without written + +01:52.580 --> 01:56.340 +consent, although consent is not required + +01:56.340 --> 01:58.600 +for release of the education records to + +01:58.600 --> 02:00.720 +certain institutions and organizations, + +02:01.160 --> 02:06.360 +which is slightly confusing, right? So + +02:06.360 --> 02:07.980 +recall that I mentioned that directory + +02:07.980 --> 02:09.420 +information can be released without + +02:09.420 --> 02:11.120 +consent. So what is directory information? + +02:11.120 --> 02:12.920 +It's things that wouldn't be considered a + +02:12.920 --> 02:15.480 +violation of the student's privacy, which + +02:15.480 --> 02:18.100 +surprisingly includes things like place + +02:18.100 --> 02:20.440 +and date of birth, their photograph. If + +02:20.440 --> 02:21.780 +they're on an athletic team, you can + +02:21.780 --> 02:24.260 +release their height and weight. So I'll + +02:24.260 --> 02:26.120 +leave it to you to decide how invasive you + +02:26.120 --> 02:29.540 +think this non-private information really + +02:29.540 --> 02:32.780 +is. And then recall also that consent + +02:32.780 --> 02:34.960 +wasn't required to release certain + +02:34.960 --> 02:38.400 +education records of students. Well, what + +02:38.400 --> 02:41.160 +are those? FERPA defines those as being + +02:41.160 --> 02:44.820 +student works that are directly related to + +02:44.820 --> 02:47.680 +the students process through school and + +02:47.680 --> 02:48.780 +they're maintained by the educational + +02:48.780 --> 02:50.900 +institution and it could be handwritten + +02:50.900 --> 02:53.940 +assignments, digital media, and so on. + +02:54.000 --> 02:57.480 +Lots of different formats. So already this + +02:57.480 --> 02:59.480 +is pretty confusing and as librarians and + +02:59.480 --> 03:00.900 +archivists you're probably wondering well + +03:00.900 --> 03:03.440 +what is the overlap between student work + +03:03.440 --> 03:05.620 +you might have in your collection and + +03:05.620 --> 03:07.420 +FERPA? What is considered an education + +03:07.420 --> 03:09.940 +record and might have to be collected and + +03:09.940 --> 03:11.140 +what is something that we can make + +03:11.140 --> 03:14.400 +available. And so ALA actually asked the + +03:14.400 --> 03:16.000 +US Department of Education this question + +03:16.000 --> 03:18.640 +in 1993 and the Department of Ed clarified + +03:18.640 --> 03:21.800 +saying something like a thesis which a + +03:21.800 --> 03:24.440 +student gives to the library generally for + +03:24.440 --> 03:26.260 +the known purpose of being made available + +03:26.260 --> 03:29.900 +as a research material. The process of the + +03:29.900 --> 03:31.620 +student giving their material to the + +03:31.620 --> 03:33.380 +library provides a form of tacit + +03:33.380 --> 03:35.020 +permission to to make those materials + +03:35.020 --> 03:36.340 +available as research objects. + +03:40.300 --> 03:42.460 +So as we've seen, the regulations + +03:42.460 --> 03:44.460 +concerning student work or educational + +03:44.460 --> 03:48.880 +records can be confusing, but FERPA is + +03:48.880 --> 03:50.520 +important, and our understanding of FERPA + +03:50.520 --> 03:52.020 +is important because I think students + +03:52.020 --> 03:54.560 +produce really important research that's + +03:54.560 --> 03:55.840 +critical to our understanding of the + +03:55.840 --> 03:58.060 +world. And to the extent possible, I wanna + +03:58.060 --> 03:59.940 +be able to make those research materials + +03:59.940 --> 04:03.140 +available. And so for the next few + +04:03.140 --> 04:04.260 +minutes, I'm going to give you an example + +04:04.260 --> 04:05.500 +of something that I've been navigating + +04:05.500 --> 04:07.860 +through my work recently to give you some + +04:07.860 --> 04:10.320 +context on my thoughts on this issue. And + +04:10.320 --> 04:11.960 +it's going to seem like a little bit of a + +04:11.960 --> 04:13.700 +tangent at first, but stick with me. It's + +04:13.700 --> 04:16.940 +all going to come back together. So has + +04:16.940 --> 04:19.260 +anyone in this room ever used the Merlin + +04:19.260 --> 04:21.700 +Bird ID app or iNaturalist to identify + +04:21.700 --> 04:25.340 +something? Yes. My people. You're my + +04:25.340 --> 04:27.640 +people. Perfect. So when you take a + +04:27.640 --> 04:29.120 +picture of something and you upload it + +04:29.120 --> 04:30.920 +into Merlin or to iNaturalist, what you're + +04:30.920 --> 04:32.500 +doing is you're collecting three pieces of + +04:32.500 --> 04:35.520 +information. I saw this thing in this + +04:35.520 --> 04:38.100 +place at this time. And those three pieces + +04:38.100 --> 04:39.640 +of information together are called a + +04:39.640 --> 04:40.220 +species occurrence. + +04:43.780 --> 04:46.180 +And there's a place called GBIF, the + +04:46.180 --> 04:47.880 +Global Biodiversity Information Facility, + +04:47.880 --> 04:49.800 +that gathers species occurrence records + +04:49.800 --> 04:52.400 +from iNaturalist, from eBird, from + +04:52.400 --> 04:54.340 +academic research that's happening all + +04:54.340 --> 04:56.080 +over the world. And as it stands, they + +04:56.080 --> 05:00.300 +have almost 1.4 billion records of, I saw + +05:00.300 --> 05:03.420 +this thing in this place at this time. And + +05:03.420 --> 05:05.140 +why is that important? Well, if you're + +05:05.140 --> 05:06.760 +interested in understanding things like + +05:06.760 --> 05:08.620 +how climate change might be shifting the + +05:08.620 --> 05:10.220 +distribution of animals and plants on the + +05:10.220 --> 05:12.240 +planet, you have to understand not only + +05:12.240 --> 05:14.140 +where they are now, but where they were + +05:14.140 --> 05:16.840 +before. And that is the power of 1.4 + +05:16.840 --> 05:21.440 +billion observations in GBIF. So as one + +05:21.440 --> 05:22.860 +example, say you're interested in knowing + +05:22.860 --> 05:25.700 +where this very common marine anemone can + +05:25.700 --> 05:28.040 +be found in the world, Anthoplaura, and + +05:28.040 --> 05:29.840 +you go to GBIF and you take a look and see + +05:29.840 --> 05:31.400 +what they have, you'll see that there's + +05:31.400 --> 05:33.660 +almost 2,500 species occurrence records, + +05:33.820 --> 05:37.300 +which sounds like a lot of data. But if + +05:37.300 --> 05:39.620 +you take one step deeper into the data, + +05:39.700 --> 05:41.300 +what you find is that the large majority + +05:41.300 --> 05:43.520 +of our records of this organism, and in + +05:43.520 --> 05:45.780 +fact the majority of all of the records in + +05:45.780 --> 05:48.040 +GBIF, are very recent. And if you're + +05:48.040 --> 05:49.700 +interested in looking at things on the + +05:49.700 --> 05:51.240 +scale of climate change, you need to be + +05:51.240 --> 05:53.800 +able to look much further back in time. So + +05:53.800 --> 05:56.460 +how do we fill this observational gap? And + +05:56.460 --> 05:57.660 +that's where I think long-standing + +05:57.660 --> 05:59.680 +educational institutions like Stanford and + +05:59.680 --> 06:01.520 +others really are poised to make a + +06:01.520 --> 06:04.020 +significant contribution. And one area + +06:04.020 --> 06:06.280 +where I think we can make a contribution + +06:06.280 --> 06:08.000 +locally is through the undergraduate work + +06:08.000 --> 06:09.720 +of our students. So in particular I just + +06:09.720 --> 06:11.540 +want to give this one example of two + +06:11.540 --> 06:13.220 +students, Sarah Gilman and Rafe Stagrin. + +06:13.340 --> 06:15.740 +They came to Hopkins in the summer of 1993 + +06:15.740 --> 06:18.820 +and what they chose to do for their + +06:18.820 --> 06:20.740 +research project was to resample a + +06:20.740 --> 06:23.420 +transect that was first sampled in 1931 to + +06:23.420 --> 06:26.340 +1933. So there's an an intertidal line + +06:26.340 --> 06:28.660 +that goes from the shore out 105 yards. + +06:28.920 --> 06:30.760 +They finally found the line after three + +06:30.760 --> 06:33.360 +days, started by that brass bolt. They + +06:33.360 --> 06:35.500 +looked at 19 square yards along this line. + +06:35.600 --> 06:37.600 +They counted up all the species and they + +06:37.600 --> 06:39.560 +compared what they saw to what another + +06:39.560 --> 06:41.740 +researcher had seen back in the 1930s. And + +06:41.740 --> 06:43.220 +what they discovered was that there was a + +06:43.220 --> 06:45.500 +shift toward warmer water species. And + +06:45.500 --> 06:47.100 +along with a temperature time series that + +06:47.100 --> 06:48.340 +we also maintain at Hopkins, they + +06:48.340 --> 06:50.420 +hypothesized that this might be due to + +06:50.420 --> 06:52.980 +shifting ocean temperatures. And their + +06:52.980 --> 06:57.500 +student paper is in my library. So based + +06:57.500 --> 06:58.980 +on that work, they came back the following + +06:58.980 --> 07:00.620 +summer. They did more work. They + +07:00.620 --> 07:03.660 +identified over 58,000 individuals from + +07:03.660 --> 07:06.620 +105 different invertebrate taxa. And + +07:06.620 --> 07:08.200 +again, they were able to, with this + +07:08.200 --> 07:12.400 +greater body of data, actually show a + +07:12.400 --> 07:14.340 +strong correlation between species shifts + +07:14.340 --> 07:16.360 +and changing ocean temperatures. And their + +07:16.360 --> 07:18.220 +work as undergraduates was published in + +07:18.220 --> 07:23.020 +Science. Not bad. But their work is just + +07:23.020 --> 07:25.280 +one paper in a much larger collection that + +07:25.280 --> 07:27.060 +we have in our library that expands from + +07:27.060 --> 07:30.100 +every year a class was the same class was + +07:30.100 --> 07:33.240 +taught from 1963 to 2011 and these are all + +07:33.240 --> 07:34.800 +of their unbound papers which are now + +07:34.800 --> 07:36.780 +actually here on campus being digitized. + +07:38.580 --> 07:41.020 +But what you'll also find out is that my + +07:41.020 --> 07:42.340 +collection of student papers is not + +07:42.340 --> 07:44.000 +unique. So these are similar collections + +07:44.000 --> 07:45.440 +in Washington up at Friday Harbor, + +07:45.700 --> 07:48.260 +collection starts in the 40s, up at Bodega + +07:48.260 --> 07:49.820 +Marine Labs just north of us here, their + +07:49.820 --> 07:51.900 +collection starts in the 1920s and is on + +07:51.900 --> 07:53.940 +both of these are ongoing. Here's a + +07:53.940 --> 07:55.460 +collection from Banfield Marine Science + +07:55.460 --> 07:59.320 +Center up in Canada, British Columbia. And + +07:59.320 --> 08:00.800 +when I reached out to my colleagues at + +08:00.800 --> 08:02.280 +other marine stations, what I found is + +08:02.280 --> 08:04.060 +there are literally thousands of + +08:04.060 --> 08:05.700 +undergraduate student research papers + +08:05.700 --> 08:08.760 +available for local use in our libraries. + +08:09.380 --> 08:10.900 +So if you're interested in exploring + +08:10.900 --> 08:12.560 +something like climate change for an + +08:12.560 --> 08:15.000 +intertidal species, this body of work is + +08:15.000 --> 08:18.060 +unprecedented in its coverage in space and + +08:18.060 --> 08:21.180 +time. But what does this have to do with + +08:21.180 --> 08:24.640 +FERPA? You're all wondering, Amanda. And + +08:24.640 --> 08:26.740 +so what I discovered when I was working + +08:26.740 --> 08:28.180 +with my colleagues up and down the coast + +08:28.180 --> 08:30.140 +to assess the potential for creating just + +08:30.140 --> 08:32.740 +a federated catalog, let's get all the + +08:32.740 --> 08:34.040 +bibliographies of all these students + +08:34.040 --> 08:35.860 +papers together, put them in one place, so + +08:35.860 --> 08:37.680 +if a researcher wanted to know just what's + +08:37.680 --> 08:39.040 +out there in terms of student research, + +08:39.240 --> 08:41.600 +can I find it? What I discovered is that + +08:41.600 --> 08:43.560 +in at least two cases of those libraries + +08:43.560 --> 08:46.520 +on the last slide, the librarians were + +08:46.520 --> 08:47.840 +limited in their ability to share + +08:47.840 --> 08:49.360 +bibliographies because of the + +08:49.360 --> 08:52.340 +institution's understanding of FERPA. So + +08:52.340 --> 08:53.820 +in the case in front of you here, the + +08:53.820 --> 08:55.700 +librarian was told she had to remove all + +08:55.700 --> 08:57.220 +of the student names, the student author + +08:57.220 --> 08:58.420 +names from the papers from the + +08:58.420 --> 09:00.160 +bibliography. This is our oldest + +09:00.160 --> 09:02.900 +collection, it goes back to 1928, so she + +09:02.900 --> 09:05.140 +had to remove all those names by hand. She + +09:05.140 --> 09:06.980 +was also told she couldn't put these in + +09:06.980 --> 09:09.620 +the library catalog, so what she did is + +09:09.620 --> 09:12.260 +she created a PDF and she shares this on + +09:12.260 --> 09:13.960 +the library webpage. And if you'd like to + +09:13.960 --> 09:16.360 +search it, you can use a control F to + +09:16.360 --> 09:18.860 +search her catalog of student papers. In + +09:18.860 --> 09:20.740 +another case, a librarian was told point + +09:20.740 --> 09:22.460 +blank, you can't put this bibliography + +09:22.460 --> 09:24.080 +online, period. It's an invasion of + +09:24.080 --> 09:27.000 +students' privacy. But you remember what + +09:27.000 --> 09:28.460 +what the US Department of Education said. + +09:28.680 --> 09:30.240 +When a student gives the work to the + +09:30.240 --> 09:32.640 +library, it's tasked with permission to + +09:32.640 --> 09:34.480 +share the work. I'm not talking about + +09:34.480 --> 09:35.820 +copyright, that's a totally separate + +09:35.820 --> 09:38.060 +issue, but it's perfectly acceptable to + +09:38.060 --> 09:39.460 +make the work available through the + +09:39.460 --> 09:42.400 +library. And their name is directory + +09:42.400 --> 09:44.380 +information, that's not protected. So + +09:44.380 --> 09:45.780 +there seems to be a lot of confusion about + +09:45.780 --> 09:48.200 +FERPA that's really limiting our ability + +09:48.200 --> 09:50.680 +as librarians to distribute content and + +09:50.680 --> 09:52.800 +make it discoverable in ways that we think + +09:52.800 --> 09:57.020 +are unacceptable. acceptable. So I hope + +09:57.020 --> 09:59.440 +I've been able to show you that there's + +09:59.440 --> 10:01.300 +potential that lies within student work + +10:01.300 --> 10:04.000 +and the impact that you can have so that + +10:04.000 --> 10:05.940 +you might understand my frustration and my + +10:05.940 --> 10:09.300 +interest in FERPA. As a librarian, I feel + +10:09.300 --> 10:10.980 +a moral obligation to make critical + +10:10.980 --> 10:12.480 +observational research data and + +10:12.480 --> 10:15.100 +information available to researchers to + +10:15.100 --> 10:17.940 +the widest extent possible under the + +10:17.940 --> 10:19.940 +growing threat of climate change, siloed + +10:19.940 --> 10:22.680 +catalogs or worse yet catalogs that you + +10:22.680 --> 10:24.500 +can't even find are completely + +10:24.500 --> 10:27.700 +unacceptable as a status quo and I know I + +10:27.700 --> 10:30.280 +don't need to tell you guys that. So we + +10:30.280 --> 10:32.060 +need new ways to discover and access the + +10:32.060 --> 10:33.880 +research hiding in our collections and in + +10:33.880 --> 10:36.060 +the case of student works this means that + +10:36.060 --> 10:38.100 +we have to understand the limits and the + +10:38.100 --> 10:41.040 +latitudes associated with FERPA and that's + +10:41.040 --> 10:42.220 +why I wanted to share it with you today. + +10:42.380 --> 10:43.000 +Thank you. + +10:48.160 --> 10:48.780 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bg821nn2750_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bg821nn2750_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bd4515e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bg821nn2750_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1688 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:17.660 --> 00:19.640 +We've done a fantastic job. Well, thank + +00:19.640 --> 00:22.100 +you. It's just gorgeous. Oh, maybe I'll + +00:22.100 --> 00:24.820 +look over here and here's another. Yes, + +00:24.920 --> 00:26.900 +exactly. That's the same kind. That's an + +00:26.900 --> 00:28.500 +agave. We thought they were Agave + +00:28.500 --> 00:30.400 +americana, but I had an olive expert out + +00:30.400 --> 00:31.720 +here looking, and he thinks they're Agave + +00:31.720 --> 00:34.960 +farrox. And what is the one that was + +00:34.960 --> 00:38.140 +completely, it's being so carefully held + +00:38.140 --> 00:41.900 +up? That's my very favorite plant. It's + +00:41.900 --> 00:43.420 +this one right here, the one that looks + +00:43.420 --> 00:45.800 +kind of like an upside-down carrot. That's + +00:45.800 --> 00:47.620 +called a boujum tree. It's named after the + +00:47.620 --> 00:51.620 +Lewis Carroll poem. Tell me the poem. The + +00:51.620 --> 00:53.560 +Hunting of the Snark. I don't know. The + +00:53.560 --> 00:56.040 +boujum. The boujum. Is in there. Okay. So + +00:56.040 --> 00:57.920 +that's what it's named after. We moved + +00:57.920 --> 01:00.020 +that here. Remember I was showing you + +01:00.020 --> 01:01.700 +which ones were original? That's one of + +01:01.700 --> 01:03.360 +the larger ones we moved. And we actually + +01:03.360 --> 01:05.320 +got A to Z tree movers in Mountain View to + +01:05.320 --> 01:06.560 +donate their time, and they went all the + +01:06.560 --> 01:08.520 +way down to Greenfield, which is south of + +01:08.520 --> 01:12.080 +Salinas, with a crane. So that's not the + +01:12.080 --> 01:15.300 +one, but you knew one was there. There was + +01:15.300 --> 01:18.260 +someone who was selling his house who had + +01:18.260 --> 01:20.620 +landscaped his entire property in plants + +01:20.620 --> 01:22.860 +like this, and it was a condition of + +01:22.860 --> 01:24.040 +escrow that he get rid of them. + +01:27.220 --> 01:30.260 +That's the normal way it looks? It's quite + +01:30.260 --> 01:33.400 +lush. They grow on cliffs in Baja, so + +01:33.400 --> 01:35.220 +usually they look more scraggly and less + +01:35.220 --> 01:36.940 +branchy. This is a very, very happy + +01:36.940 --> 01:39.940 +specimen of one. They bloom. They bloom in + +01:39.940 --> 01:40.920 +the summer. They put out little yellow + +01:40.920 --> 01:42.580 +flowers at the top. You can sort of see + +01:42.580 --> 01:44.540 +the remains of the flower stalks. And + +01:44.540 --> 01:46.460 +since they're Baja native, you know, + +01:46.480 --> 01:48.180 +they're used to very little water, and + +01:48.180 --> 01:50.480 +they don't take the combination of cold + +01:50.480 --> 01:51.740 +and wet. This is one of our really + +01:51.740 --> 01:56.100 +borderline plants. So we dug a couple feet + +01:56.100 --> 01:58.020 +down underneath it, amended it with drain + +01:58.020 --> 01:59.540 +gravel, and then planted it in a raised + +01:59.540 --> 02:01.740 +bed and built the retaining wall around + +02:01.740 --> 02:04.580 +it. And we're just hoping that we can keep + +02:04.580 --> 02:06.760 +it going. And if we get, you know, if this + +02:06.760 --> 02:08.100 +does turn out to be a really cold wet + +02:08.100 --> 02:10.660 +winter, that's one of the ones. There's a + +02:10.660 --> 02:13.220 +couple of quite spectacular plants that we + +02:13.220 --> 02:15.300 +took that were borderline just because + +02:15.300 --> 02:16.440 +they would have been bulldozed and gone. + +02:16.900 --> 02:19.080 +So in choosing these these plants, just so + +02:19.080 --> 02:22.340 +I can get it clear in my mind. You had the + +02:22.340 --> 02:24.440 +plan, and so you know the kind of plants + +02:24.440 --> 02:26.180 +that were here, but you did not try to go + +02:26.180 --> 02:29.620 +and exactly replace every plant that you + +02:29.620 --> 02:30.380 +saw. Right, that's an excellent question, + +02:30.720 --> 02:33.840 +because if you looked at what was here in + +02:33.840 --> 02:35.880 +the mid-1990s, like I said, there were + +02:35.880 --> 02:37.440 +like five different kinds and like five + +02:37.440 --> 02:38.600 +million of each of those. Originally, + +02:38.640 --> 02:40.160 +there were hundreds of different kinds of + +02:40.160 --> 02:41.940 +plants and they didn't survive. Now, the + +02:41.940 --> 02:43.340 +garden had been really neglected since + +02:43.340 --> 02:45.460 +probably around World War II, too. But + +02:45.460 --> 02:47.860 +even so, you know, it just, it was + +02:47.860 --> 02:49.020 +designed as a high maintenance Victorian + +02:49.020 --> 02:51.720 +garden. And that was not sort of what it + +02:51.720 --> 02:53.580 +can be now. And there's not the funds to + +02:53.580 --> 02:55.800 +go out and buy plants. So we take what + +02:55.800 --> 02:57.080 +we're given, or we took what we're given + +02:57.080 --> 02:58.380 +for the most part, because we're kind of + +02:58.380 --> 03:03.440 +full up now. But what they did, before I + +03:03.440 --> 03:05.180 +came on, they hired a landscape architect + +03:05.180 --> 03:07.600 +named Nancy Hardesty. Okay. And she came + +03:07.600 --> 03:10.340 +up with a plan, what she called this ABCD + +03:10.340 --> 03:12.440 +plan. And it's, So what we do is we + +03:12.440 --> 03:15.420 +classify plants by type and A plants are + +03:15.420 --> 03:18.400 +tall focal point plants and each bed gets + +03:18.400 --> 03:19.920 +one or two of those kind of depending on + +03:19.920 --> 03:21.940 +the size. So that boujum tree is an A + +03:21.940 --> 03:25.120 +plant and the palm tree is an A plant. And + +03:25.120 --> 03:26.840 +then there's B plants which are + +03:27.440 --> 03:30.000 +substantial plants and large but more + +03:30.000 --> 03:32.460 +broad. So like when these prickly pear and + +03:32.460 --> 03:34.300 +the cholla grow up those will be B plants. + +03:35.080 --> 03:38.220 +And then C plants are are big, you know, + +03:38.240 --> 03:40.320 +sort of normal-sized plants, like, you + +03:40.320 --> 03:41.780 +know, kind of that one person can move + +03:41.780 --> 03:43.400 +around, and that those will, these would + +03:43.400 --> 03:45.460 +be C plants, and then D plants are ground + +03:45.460 --> 03:48.320 +cover. And so what every bed is supposed + +03:48.320 --> 03:50.260 +to have is this pyramidal planting scheme + +03:50.740 --> 03:52.960 +with an A plant in the middle, B plants + +03:52.960 --> 03:55.200 +around it, C plants at the edges, and then + +03:55.200 --> 03:56.940 +D plants doing ground cover in between. + +03:57.380 --> 04:00.380 +And that's not entirely similar to what + +04:00.380 --> 04:02.680 +was there. They had hundreds of saguaros + +04:02.680 --> 04:04.300 +in this original garden. If you look, you + +04:04.300 --> 04:06.060 +can see just in here all of these. I see. + +04:06.060 --> 04:07.460 +And there's no, I mean, those are + +04:07.460 --> 04:08.980 +protected species. There's no way we could + +04:08.980 --> 04:10.400 +get hundreds of saguaros, and they didn't + +04:10.400 --> 04:13.000 +survive. So this is the way that we can + +04:13.000 --> 04:14.940 +get sort of a formal look with a diversity + +04:14.940 --> 04:16.980 +of plant material to have that sort of + +04:16.980 --> 04:18.580 +scheme that all the beds have a sort of + +04:18.580 --> 04:22.760 +uniformity. So, and then in addition to + +04:22.760 --> 04:26.740 +that, they're trying to put some botanical + +04:26.740 --> 04:29.660 +usefulness into the garden. So we have a + +04:29.660 --> 04:31.460 +division into eastern and western + +04:31.460 --> 04:34.060 +hemispheres. So all plants native to the + +04:34.060 --> 04:35.480 +western hemisphere, so the Americas + +04:35.480 --> 04:37.160 +basically, are on this half of the garden, + +04:37.260 --> 04:39.540 +and all plants native to Asia and Africa + +04:39.540 --> 04:41.520 +and Europe are on that side of the garden. + +04:42.300 --> 04:44.240 +Although we did not move any original + +04:44.240 --> 04:46.060 +plants that were there. So Joshua plants + +04:46.060 --> 04:47.660 +are native, Joshua trees and yuccas and + +04:47.660 --> 04:48.580 +things like that are native to the + +04:48.580 --> 04:50.040 +southwest, so there are yucca trees down + +04:50.040 --> 04:52.000 +there, and that big prickly pear is an + +04:52.000 --> 04:54.380 +original, so it didn't get moved. But of + +04:54.380 --> 04:55.900 +all the new plants that we've put in, so + +04:55.900 --> 04:57.220 +all the aloes are at that end of the + +04:57.220 --> 05:00.880 +garden. Oh yeah, that's what's blooming + +05:00.880 --> 05:03.740 +now, they're looking beautiful. This looks + +05:03.740 --> 05:06.800 +unique. That's the jumping… Are the + +05:06.800 --> 05:08.820 +barrels or the jumping cholla? No. And + +05:08.820 --> 05:12.420 +this one? The one staked up right here? + +05:12.480 --> 05:13.700 +Yeah. Yeah, that's a jumping cholla. + +05:13.780 --> 05:16.060 +That's original. I mean, this particular + +05:16.060 --> 05:18.400 +plant was originally in the garden. This + +05:18.400 --> 05:20.940 +one is not a descendant of what was here. + +05:21.000 --> 05:22.420 +The one on the other end, though, is just + +05:22.420 --> 05:23.860 +a cutting that we took of a plant that had + +05:23.860 --> 05:26.840 +survived. Do you have any sagurus here? + +05:26.960 --> 05:29.520 +Yes, we do. Unfortunately, they are under + +05:29.520 --> 05:32.080 +wraps. Under Rats, yeah. There was a + +05:32.080 --> 05:34.160 +wonderful person who lived on one of those + +05:34.160 --> 05:37.280 +hills in Cupertino, a big estate, and they + +05:37.280 --> 05:38.700 +were selling it and moving to the city to + +05:38.700 --> 05:40.480 +be closer to their children. The new + +05:40.480 --> 05:41.900 +owners didn't want the saguaros. They + +05:41.900 --> 05:43.780 +wanted a basketball court. So now how do + +05:43.780 --> 05:45.920 +you find these places? They find me. It's + +05:45.920 --> 05:48.600 +amazing. Yeah. So what would you like that + +05:48.600 --> 05:50.140 +you don't have that you would love for + +05:50.140 --> 05:52.320 +someone to call and say? I would love more + +05:52.320 --> 05:54.440 +saguaros. I would love ground cover at + +05:54.440 --> 05:57.040 +this point. It's kind of hard to say right + +05:57.040 --> 05:58.480 +now it depends a lot on the winter. + +05:59.100 --> 06:02.160 +There's things if we lose I would + +06:02.160 --> 06:04.260 +definitely like to replace. I do have a + +06:04.260 --> 06:05.620 +plant list and they're trying to get it up + +06:05.620 --> 06:08.040 +on the grounds department website of what + +06:08.040 --> 06:10.580 +we could use. So people just call the + +06:10.580 --> 06:13.480 +university and say I have this cactus? + +06:14.180 --> 06:15.860 +Yeah, or people find me. Actually a lot of + +06:15.860 --> 06:17.160 +our volunteers, the San Francisco + +06:17.160 --> 06:18.960 +Succulent and Cactus Society was mentioned + +06:18.960 --> 06:21.820 +in the article and they committed to this + +06:21.820 --> 06:24.060 +volunteer project to Herb Fong like long + +06:24.060 --> 06:25.700 +before I was hired, long before any of + +06:25.700 --> 06:26.620 +this started because because they didn't + +06:26.620 --> 06:28.580 +want to start the project and then not + +06:28.580 --> 06:30.020 +have any volunteers and have it kind of + +06:30.020 --> 06:33.980 +flail. So that's a huge network right + +06:33.980 --> 06:36.240 +there. So a lot of people who don't know + +06:36.240 --> 06:38.700 +anything about the garden, but they have a + +06:38.700 --> 06:40.360 +yard full of plants, they have small + +06:40.360 --> 06:43.500 +trees. They don't want to kill the plants, + +06:43.540 --> 06:44.520 +but they don't want to have the plants + +06:44.520 --> 06:45.800 +anymore, so they call the succulent + +06:45.800 --> 06:48.020 +societies, and all the succulent societies + +06:48.020 --> 06:50.300 +pretty much know me now. Well, you have an + +06:50.300 --> 06:52.420 +article in the State of Greenland. I + +06:52.420 --> 06:54.680 +talked to Kevin Koltz on my mom's here + +06:54.680 --> 06:56.500 +list. If you'd like to lobby Kevin Koltz + +06:56.500 --> 06:57.960 +and put an article in, that would be + +06:57.960 --> 07:00.840 +great. I think anybody who has a standard + +07:00.840 --> 07:04.620 +connection would love it. What I really + +07:04.620 --> 07:06.620 +want, actually what I would really like, + +07:06.620 --> 07:08.000 +there are definitely plans I would like + +07:08.000 --> 07:09.420 +people out of the blue to give me, but + +07:09.420 --> 07:10.800 +what I would really like is people to give + +07:10.800 --> 07:12.340 +me pictures of the garden from the middle + +07:12.340 --> 07:14.960 +of this century on. Because I have, + +07:15.080 --> 07:16.460 +like... I think it's that they don't have + +07:16.460 --> 07:18.060 +a lot of art in it, because they have many + +07:18.060 --> 07:19.340 +other, you know, the rest of it. I mean, + +07:19.400 --> 07:22.640 +even if they just put a note about having + +07:22.640 --> 07:25.540 +a baby. So if you do know people, feel + +07:25.540 --> 07:28.720 +free to drop it. Darn. Feel free to drop + +07:28.720 --> 07:31.020 +it. Just give them the evidence that you + +07:31.020 --> 07:36.420 +know. Yeah. Yeah. Well, my other problem + +07:36.420 --> 07:38.400 +is, I went to her farm, my Boston grounds, + +07:38.580 --> 07:40.740 +and I'm like, you know, okay, I can work + +07:40.740 --> 07:43.260 +tonight. I can get people to do all that. + +07:43.360 --> 07:45.400 +But I'm trying to think about cacti. I + +07:45.400 --> 07:47.660 +know like California native plants, like + +07:47.660 --> 07:49.860 +heirloom vegetables. I was like, that's + +07:49.860 --> 07:53.580 +okay. It's okay. Very quickly, very, very, + +07:53.600 --> 07:54.200 +very quickly. + +07:57.800 --> 07:59.260 +Thank you for coming! + +08:05.340 --> 08:07.100 +Well, it's really our volunteers. + +08:40.900 --> 08:42.580 +Thanks for coming by. Bye. + +08:47.080 --> 08:48.700 +I was going to do an interview, but you + +08:48.700 --> 08:50.360 +told me everything I needed to know. Oh, + +08:50.400 --> 08:52.000 +come on. Surely you can think of something + +08:52.000 --> 08:55.860 +else to ask. People find you. Don't look. + +08:55.920 --> 08:58.500 +Yeah. Look over here. Look at the plant. + +08:58.640 --> 09:03.220 +Yeah. This is truly a work of love on your + +09:03.220 --> 09:06.140 +part, right? Absolutely. I mean, this + +09:06.140 --> 09:08.680 +garden is a very special place. And all of + +09:08.680 --> 09:10.120 +the volunteers who put so much of their + +09:10.120 --> 09:12.520 +effort into it, I mean, it's just a + +09:12.520 --> 09:16.340 +wonderful, wonderful effort. And how much + +09:16.340 --> 09:18.260 +time a week do you put into this place? + +09:18.460 --> 09:20.120 +I'm employed in the Grants Department 20 + +09:20.120 --> 09:22.160 +hours a week, so, you know, occasionally + +09:22.160 --> 09:24.060 +there's a few extra hours here and there. + +09:24.200 --> 09:25.440 +But pretty much it's a half-time + +09:25.440 --> 09:27.180 +commitment, and then I have my other half + +09:27.180 --> 09:29.240 +-time job in archives. So I have more than + +09:29.240 --> 09:30.840 +enough to keep me busy. Okay, what makes + +09:30.840 --> 09:33.120 +this place so special? Well, there's not + +09:33.120 --> 09:35.440 +very many 19th century gardens left on the + +09:35.440 --> 09:37.960 +peninsula to begin with. And then this + +09:37.960 --> 09:40.160 +garden itself is one of the earliest + +09:40.160 --> 09:43.180 +experiments with growing these kind of + +09:43.180 --> 09:45.300 +plants, cacti and succulents outdoors not + +09:45.300 --> 09:47.840 +under glass that was one of the great + +09:47.840 --> 09:49.840 +innovations that the landscape architect + +09:49.840 --> 09:51.400 +who designed this garden Rudolph Ulrich + +09:51.400 --> 09:55.100 +made so in a certain way you can think of + +09:55.100 --> 09:57.180 +it as like the very very earliest + +09:57.180 --> 09:58.840 +beginnings of xerophytic gardening in + +09:58.840 --> 10:00.460 +California that you know now we have all + +10:00.460 --> 10:02.040 +these drought tolerant gardens and this is + +10:02.040 --> 10:04.540 +one of the places it all started. Wow. + +10:05.040 --> 10:08.260 +Pretty cool. It is pretty cool and these + +10:08.260 --> 10:10.020 +plants do they have Do they have + +10:10.020 --> 10:13.360 +personalities for you? Not so much for me, + +10:13.400 --> 10:15.220 +except the prickly pears always seem to be + +10:15.220 --> 10:16.500 +trying to jump me and get a couple of + +10:16.500 --> 10:18.680 +spines in me. But I know a lot of my + +10:18.680 --> 10:20.880 +volunteers have particular affinities with + +10:20.880 --> 10:22.260 +particular kinds of plants, and they're + +10:22.260 --> 10:24.320 +always, oh yes, she's happy today, oh he + +10:24.320 --> 10:26.800 +doesn't look too good. So I think they do + +10:26.800 --> 10:29.560 +have personalities. You were talking a + +10:29.560 --> 10:33.200 +little bit before about the levels, + +10:33.340 --> 10:35.460 +there's four levels. Tell me a little bit + +10:35.460 --> 10:38.120 +about that. Okay, Nancy Hardesty, the + +10:38.120 --> 10:39.640 +landscape architect who helped come up + +10:39.640 --> 10:41.680 +with this restoration schema, it's a way + +10:41.680 --> 10:44.660 +that we can use donated plants and take + +10:44.660 --> 10:46.940 +what plant materials are given to us and + +10:46.940 --> 10:48.540 +yet maintain some sort of visual + +10:48.540 --> 10:52.080 +uniformity and Victorian formalism in the + +10:52.080 --> 10:53.420 +garden. This was originally a formal + +10:53.420 --> 10:55.920 +garden. It's not, you know, a naturalistic + +10:55.920 --> 10:57.800 +run wild kind of garden, so there's a lot + +10:57.800 --> 11:01.180 +of symmetry, a lot of balance. So what she + +11:01.180 --> 11:03.600 +did was create four general categories of + +11:03.600 --> 11:05.380 +plants. There's A-type plants, which are + +11:05.380 --> 11:07.980 +really tall, big, massive plants when + +11:07.980 --> 11:10.200 +they're mature. They're the focal point of + +11:10.200 --> 11:12.140 +every bed, and there's 50-some-odd beds in + +11:12.140 --> 11:13.800 +the garden. So every bed, depending on + +11:13.800 --> 11:15.880 +size, should have one or two plants. And + +11:15.880 --> 11:17.420 +an example of that would be this palm tree + +11:17.420 --> 11:19.560 +or this Yucca Follifera here. They're just + +11:19.560 --> 11:22.480 +commanding plants. And then there's B-type + +11:22.480 --> 11:24.660 +plants, which are also large plants, but + +11:24.660 --> 11:27.000 +they're bulkier and not as tall. So those + +11:27.000 --> 11:28.700 +would ring the outside of the A-type + +11:28.700 --> 11:30.260 +plants. And then there's C-type plants, + +11:30.420 --> 11:31.780 +which are, you know, a couple feet in + +11:31.780 --> 11:34.000 +diameter maximum. maximum. Those go + +11:34.000 --> 11:36.520 +outside the bee plants. And then D-type + +11:36.520 --> 11:38.120 +plants are ground cover and those go + +11:38.120 --> 11:40.000 +around the edges of all the beds. So that + +11:40.000 --> 11:41.620 +allows us to have a pyramidal planting + +11:42.040 --> 11:44.220 +plan for every bed, but it doesn't + +11:44.220 --> 11:45.560 +constrain us with the type of plants + +11:45.560 --> 11:47.120 +because we are so dependent on donated + +11:47.120 --> 11:49.860 +plants. So it's worked really well. Tell + +11:49.860 --> 11:51.840 +me your name and spell it so I don't waltz + +11:51.840 --> 11:54.460 +it up. It's Christy. It's Christy Smith, C + +11:54.460 --> 11:57.340 +-H-R-I-S-T-Y, and the last name is Smith, + +11:57.460 --> 12:00.980 +S-M-I-T-H. And give me a title. volunteer + +12:00.980 --> 12:02.720 +coordinator Stanford Arizona Garden + +12:02.720 --> 12:06.540 +Project great now the palm trees in a + +12:06.540 --> 12:11.640 +plant right okay that's an a plant okay + +12:11.640 --> 12:17.640 +give me a B plant oh and these are sea + +12:17.640 --> 12:21.980 +plants oh good I love them oh they're + +12:21.980 --> 12:24.620 +beautiful and where's the D plant + +12:30.640 --> 12:32.180 +Professor Dudley who was a botanist here + +12:32.180 --> 12:34.880 +in the 20s and 20s. Really? Yep. So I'm + +12:34.880 --> 12:35.860 +working on a little Dudley Memorial + +12:35.860 --> 12:38.500 +Garden. Now what I'd like to do... Do you + +12:38.500 --> 12:40.600 +want to see the agave? Yeah, I don't want + +12:40.600 --> 12:41.800 +to... The aloe polyphyllo, that's the one + +12:41.800 --> 12:43.180 +you probably want to still. Yeah, that's + +12:43.180 --> 12:44.480 +the hot one. And you're going to have to + +12:44.480 --> 12:45.860 +climb in the plants to see it. That's + +12:45.860 --> 12:48.240 +right. I'm going to let you walk ahead of + +12:48.240 --> 12:49.800 +me. Alright, I'll put the doggy here. + +12:49.920 --> 12:52.780 +That's okay. Sit. Sit. Stay. + +12:58.280 --> 13:00.420 +And just talk to me about this. Alright, + +13:00.540 --> 13:02.600 +this is an aloe polyphylla. It's called a + +13:02.600 --> 13:04.320 +spiral aloe. They've only come into + +13:04.320 --> 13:06.840 +cultivation recently. As you can see, it's + +13:06.840 --> 13:10.920 +very geometric. And this one spirals to + +13:10.920 --> 13:12.760 +the right and they come spiraling both + +13:12.760 --> 13:14.160 +ways. There's one that spiraled to the + +13:14.160 --> 13:16.700 +left as well. And I would dearly love to + +13:16.700 --> 13:18.060 +get another one that spirals the other way + +13:18.060 --> 13:20.900 +for the garden. Tell me a little bit about + +13:20.900 --> 13:23.540 +this plant. This particular one? It's an + +13:23.540 --> 13:26.060 +aloe polyphylla. It's a spiral aloe. They + +13:26.060 --> 13:28.600 +come spiraled both ways. This is a right + +13:28.600 --> 13:30.300 +spiraled one, but there are left spiraled + +13:30.300 --> 13:32.320 +ones as well, which I would love to get + +13:32.320 --> 13:34.900 +another one for the garden. And they've + +13:34.900 --> 13:36.360 +only fairly recently been brought into + +13:36.360 --> 13:37.820 +cultivation. They're fascinating to look + +13:37.820 --> 13:39.920 +at because they are so geometric in their + +13:39.920 --> 13:42.200 +form. And once they get established, you + +13:42.200 --> 13:44.360 +know, this will maybe triple in size and + +13:44.360 --> 13:46.040 +then it makes offsets. So it'll actually, + +13:46.600 --> 13:48.280 +the spiral will split. It's kind of like + +13:48.280 --> 13:49.540 +watching a cell divide and there will + +13:49.540 --> 13:51.360 +become two spirals and out of it when it + +13:51.360 --> 13:53.560 +gets, you know, about that size. This is + +13:53.560 --> 13:55.260 +the hot plant. This is one everybody wants + +13:55.260 --> 13:57.400 +to see, right? Well, a lot of people want + +13:57.400 --> 14:00.500 +to see it. They're not that common yet. So + +14:00.500 --> 14:05.080 +I think it's just a spectacular plant. No, + +14:05.080 --> 14:09.400 +it's just still. Yeah. Take a look. You + +14:09.400 --> 14:12.020 +can see it. Oh. Oh, yeah, that looks + +14:12.020 --> 14:14.940 +great. I got my little tweezers. I should + +14:14.940 --> 14:15.660 +be cleaning it out. + +14:27.380 --> 14:32.800 +Here's a nice red stem. And it's in the + +14:32.800 --> 14:34.620 +wrong place in the bed. That's okay, we + +14:34.620 --> 14:35.100 +won't... + +14:38.280 --> 14:41.660 +And are the swirls new? Um, they've been + +14:41.660 --> 14:41.900 +in the... + +14:51.600 --> 14:53.560 +I suppose one other thing to think about + +14:53.560 --> 14:55.440 +is the original pattern of them although + +14:55.440 --> 14:59.300 +we've had to dig them out from up to 12 + +14:59.300 --> 15:02.900 +inches of dirt oh hang on a second now you + +15:02.900 --> 15:06.140 +can talk to me over here oh thank god tell + +15:06.140 --> 15:08.160 +me about the rocks the rocks are one of + +15:08.160 --> 15:10.500 +the really interesting historic features + +15:10.500 --> 15:13.580 +of the garden they're original. I mean + +15:13.580 --> 15:15.760 +there's not that much that's, you know, + +15:15.760 --> 15:18.280 +left from when the garden was actually + +15:18.280 --> 15:19.960 +made, but the bed outline is all original. + +15:20.060 --> 15:22.260 +The rocks were buried under up to 12 + +15:22.260 --> 15:23.960 +inches of dirt and we've hand excavated + +15:23.960 --> 15:25.520 +and raised them and preserved the pattern. + +15:25.640 --> 15:27.600 +So that really is, you know, the plants + +15:27.600 --> 15:28.900 +may be slightly different than what you + +15:28.900 --> 15:30.040 +would have seen in the original garden, + +15:30.160 --> 15:31.720 +but the bed outline and sort of the + +15:31.720 --> 15:33.520 +quadrilateral symmetry of the garden is + +15:33.520 --> 15:35.380 +original and as close to the original as + +15:35.380 --> 15:37.380 +we can make it as we excavate it. This + +15:37.380 --> 15:40.420 +place has real meaning as part of + +15:40.420 --> 15:42.560 +Stanford, doesn't it? Yeah. Talk to me + +15:42.560 --> 15:45.920 +about that. This garden was originally + +15:45.920 --> 15:47.180 +going to be the backyard for the + +15:47.180 --> 15:49.080 +Stanford's house that was going to be + +15:49.080 --> 15:50.900 +where the mausoleum now stands, and it was + +15:50.900 --> 15:53.440 +built in the early 1880s before they had + +15:53.440 --> 15:54.900 +started construction on the house and + +15:54.900 --> 15:57.240 +before little Leland died. And as you + +15:57.240 --> 15:59.080 +know, construction on the house was put + +15:59.080 --> 16:01.240 +aside when he passed away and they decided + +16:01.240 --> 16:03.120 +to found a university. But the garden had + +16:03.120 --> 16:07.760 +already been made. So it was a garden + +16:07.760 --> 16:10.360 +designed for a residence. Rudolf Ulrich, + +16:10.460 --> 16:11.860 +who designed this garden, also designed a + +16:11.860 --> 16:13.160 +garden at the Hotel Del Monte for + +16:13.160 --> 16:14.680 +Stanford's business partner, Charles + +16:14.680 --> 16:16.940 +Crocker. And it's very similar in certain + +16:16.940 --> 16:19.540 +ways, but it's also more open and more + +16:19.540 --> 16:21.580 +formal because it was a public garden to + +16:21.580 --> 16:23.340 +go with a hotel, and this was a private + +16:23.340 --> 16:26.260 +garden. But yeah, it's a real early piece + +16:26.260 --> 16:27.640 +of Stanford history. There's not too many + +16:27.640 --> 16:29.520 +pieces of early Stanford history left that + +16:29.520 --> 16:31.500 +you can just walk through. Imagine what it + +16:31.500 --> 16:32.760 +would be like. So I think it is a very + +16:32.760 --> 16:35.760 +special place. What's the, what's the, + +16:35.780 --> 16:38.100 +tell me about the upside down carrot. Oh, + +16:38.140 --> 16:40.220 +that's my very favorite tree. That's a + +16:40.220 --> 16:42.980 +Bujum tree. It's over there. It's named + +16:42.980 --> 16:44.780 +after the Lewis Carroll poem by whoever, I + +16:44.780 --> 16:46.000 +don't know who discovered it, but it's + +16:46.000 --> 16:47.660 +native to Baja, California, and obviously + +16:47.660 --> 16:50.720 +they were a Lewis Carroll fan. I think I + +16:50.720 --> 16:52.340 +really like it because in addition to it + +16:52.340 --> 16:54.220 +looking beautiful and unique, it's the + +16:54.220 --> 16:56.060 +first large plant that I helped move into + +16:56.060 --> 16:57.900 +the garden. I didn't really know you could + +16:57.900 --> 16:59.300 +move plants that big and have them + +16:59.300 --> 17:02.020 +survive. and the tree crew guys that + +17:02.020 --> 17:03.640 +helped me move it didn't know that either + +17:03.640 --> 17:05.080 +because they move oak trees they don't + +17:05.080 --> 17:07.520 +move succulent trunked cacti so so we had + +17:07.520 --> 17:09.700 +to prune back all the branches we wadded + +17:09.700 --> 17:11.040 +up newspaper and stuffed them all between + +17:11.040 --> 17:12.880 +the branches then we wrapped it in in old + +17:12.880 --> 17:14.200 +sheets and then we build a framework of + +17:14.200 --> 17:15.640 +two by fours around it before we let the + +17:15.640 --> 17:17.480 +crane lift it up and then the guys + +17:17.480 --> 17:19.140 +excavated the root ball and bald and + +17:19.140 --> 17:20.580 +burlap tit and we brought it here and put + +17:20.580 --> 17:22.400 +it into place with a crane and it grew it + +17:22.400 --> 17:24.740 +was so exciting so I'm very very attached + +17:24.740 --> 17:27.660 +to that particular plant. It's like a + +17:27.660 --> 17:30.260 +child for you. Yeah, yeah. Well, yeah + +17:30.260 --> 17:33.960 +probably. And who is this person? Who's + +17:33.960 --> 17:35.920 +this guy? Hey Uzo, can you say hello? This + +17:35.920 --> 17:37.880 +is my little garden mascot. Yes, she helps + +17:37.880 --> 17:39.800 +us keep the ground squirrels away. We have + +17:39.800 --> 17:41.100 +a lot of ground squirrel damage in the + +17:41.100 --> 17:43.560 +garden. But she comes out and keeps me + +17:43.560 --> 17:47.340 +company too. Yeah, she's a sweetheart. Hi + +17:47.340 --> 17:50.140 +Lisa, how you doing? She says Uzo, my name + +17:50.140 --> 17:50.520 +is Uzo. + +17:53.460 --> 17:56.400 +Yeah, that's a cute puppy. Cute puppy dog. + +17:57.700 --> 17:59.980 +She says that she just loves the fact that + +17:59.980 --> 18:04.580 +I have this job. Oh, I bet she does. Now I + +18:04.580 --> 18:06.240 +gotta take a picture of the carrot. Yeah. + +18:09.400 --> 18:11.220 +One of my volunteers is coming down here + +18:11.220 --> 18:13.460 +with a large format negative camera and + +18:13.460 --> 18:14.320 +taking pictures of it. + +18:18.880 --> 18:19.660 +Come here, nurse + +18:39.120 --> 18:40.640 +I don't know what to do. + +18:50.440 --> 18:52.200 +I'm gonna go make a couple of... They're + +18:52.200 --> 18:55.000 +very vicious. Are they? Yes. Detriment. + +18:55.120 --> 18:56.980 +They're small and they break off and + +18:56.980 --> 18:58.960 +they're very sharp and you get them in + +18:58.960 --> 19:00.300 +your skin and you can't see them to get + +19:00.300 --> 19:03.480 +them out. And they can get infected and + +19:03.480 --> 19:05.600 +painful. What do they call them? The + +19:05.600 --> 19:07.360 +little fuzzy things are called blockets. + +19:09.320 --> 19:11.520 +And so they look beautiful, they look + +19:11.520 --> 19:13.200 +friendly, they don't look very spiky at + +19:13.200 --> 19:17.800 +all, but they're bad news. Watch out. If + +19:17.800 --> 19:19.600 +you look at this one over here, this is + +19:19.600 --> 19:21.560 +another kind of prickly pear and you can + +19:21.560 --> 19:23.200 +see this has the combination of spines and + +19:23.200 --> 19:24.800 +glochids. Which one is that? The purple + +19:24.800 --> 19:27.380 +one over here. Yeah, this one only has the + +19:27.380 --> 19:29.040 +glochids. This one has the combination of + +19:29.040 --> 19:30.760 +both. So that genus comes with a whole + +19:30.760 --> 19:33.500 +range from lots of spines and few glochids + +19:33.500 --> 19:35.080 +to all glochids and no spines. + +19:39.060 --> 19:41.000 +But these are more obvious that you + +19:41.000 --> 19:43.500 +shouldn't touch them. Let me see if that's + +19:43.500 --> 19:44.380 +going to do a little... + +20:00.720 --> 20:02.520 +That's pretty awesome. Which means that I + +20:02.520 --> 20:05.100 +get nice clean shots. I'm already + +20:05.100 --> 20:06.760 +consuming the energy for your camera so. + +20:07.460 --> 20:08.000 +I'm sorry. + +20:23.400 --> 20:25.120 +I guess one of the other really special + +20:25.120 --> 20:26.580 +things about this garden is that there's + +20:26.580 --> 20:28.560 +almost always something in bloom. Hang on + +20:28.560 --> 20:30.420 +one sec, we'll start up. Okay. One of the + +20:30.420 --> 20:31.660 +other really great things about this + +20:31.660 --> 20:33.200 +garden is that there's always something in + +20:33.200 --> 20:34.820 +bloom year round. So even now that it's + +20:34.820 --> 20:36.380 +the middle of January, we've got aloes + +20:36.380 --> 20:38.680 +blooming. and this giant agave here is + +20:38.680 --> 20:41.080 +starting to think about blooming. So it's + +20:41.080 --> 20:42.800 +sending up its big flower spike and it'll + +20:42.800 --> 20:44.320 +bloom sometime over the next couple months + +20:44.320 --> 20:46.400 +and set seed and produce some offsets and + +20:46.400 --> 20:48.380 +it will die. But it will leave plenty of + +20:48.380 --> 20:50.980 +babies behind it. So it's pretty + +20:50.980 --> 20:52.420 +spectacular to watch the things in bloom + +20:52.420 --> 20:53.340 +even in the middle of winter. + +20:59.300 --> 21:01.380 +Now I'm going to shoot the carrot before I + +21:01.380 --> 21:01.860 +forget it. + +21:29.040 --> 21:31.840 +All right. + +22:24.960 --> 22:27.520 +It's a lovely place. If you want ideas on + +22:27.520 --> 22:29.880 +your scale of flexibility. It's just + +22:29.880 --> 22:32.300 +wonderful. Yeah, and Nancy earned every + +22:32.300 --> 22:33.000 +bit that they paid. + +22:39.480 --> 22:41.120 +Yeah, that big one is going to be... + +22:41.120 --> 22:41.480 +Lovely. + +22:50.000 --> 22:52.760 +Now, these rocks all are original, right? + +22:53.280 --> 22:56.000 +Well, the ones that look really older... + +22:57.040 --> 22:59.980 +And Morgan Hill. It's just great. + +23:42.160 --> 23:44.600 +Do you know anything about cactus? A + +23:44.600 --> 23:46.280 +little bit. You need to know anything + +23:46.280 --> 23:48.540 +about cactus? Go ahead. I was just always + +23:48.540 --> 23:50.360 +wondering, they tend to grow that white + +23:50.360 --> 23:51.740 +stuff that's on that one. Go ahead. + +23:51.920 --> 23:54.280 +That's, um... Walk over here. I'm holding + +23:54.280 --> 23:56.920 +it. Isn't that some poison? No, it's just + +23:56.920 --> 24:00.940 +a white fluff that they make. And certain + +24:00.940 --> 24:03.880 +species of cactus have it. It's usually in + +24:03.880 --> 24:05.980 +the genus Oreosurius and they're called + +24:05.980 --> 24:08.100 +old man cacti. They just put out, that's + +24:08.100 --> 24:09.580 +one of the sort of protective things they + +24:09.580 --> 24:10.700 +have. It gives them a little protection + +24:10.700 --> 24:12.740 +from hot sun and probably a little frost + +24:12.740 --> 24:15.280 +protection as well. It's not strychnine? + +24:16.520 --> 24:19.740 +No, it's not strychnine. Because there was + +24:19.740 --> 24:22.460 +this, you guys used to have cactuses + +24:22.460 --> 24:23.960 +stacked around over there waiting for you + +24:23.960 --> 24:26.040 +to plant it or whatever. Uh huh. And it + +24:26.040 --> 24:27.680 +was during the summertime and it was + +24:27.680 --> 24:31.600 +covered with that white stuff. Well + +24:31.600 --> 24:33.000 +there's other kinds of white stuff. + +24:33.140 --> 24:35.760 +There's an infestation called like cotton + +24:35.760 --> 24:40.180 +stain. Cotton stain. Cotton stain. Cotton + +24:40.180 --> 24:45.880 +stain. Uh huh. Cotton stain. Cotton stain. + +24:47.020 --> 24:51.380 +Uh huh, interesting. Yeah, yeah. Yeah. + +24:58.940 --> 25:01.380 +Oh well, you know, you never know what + +25:01.380 --> 25:02.620 +these stories will do. You might agree + +25:02.620 --> 25:05.400 +that's what people do in the practice. But + +25:05.400 --> 25:07.700 +they're just pieces of plant material. + +25:07.960 --> 25:10.480 +They're not people who talk about anything + +25:10.480 --> 25:11.020 +about it. + +25:18.420 --> 25:21.540 +I couldn't say. Goodbye. + +25:51.180 --> 25:53.040 +Sorry? That's a baby soil. That's what + +25:53.040 --> 25:53.420 +they look like. + +25:56.560 --> 26:02.380 +I hear they + +26:02.380 --> 26:03.700 +grow something like an inch a year. + +28:30.400 --> 28:33.200 +I'm sorry. + +29:51.440 --> 29:54.040 +Working away. There's nothing like getting + +29:54.040 --> 29:55.740 +muddy and dirty in the pursuit of your + +29:55.740 --> 29:56.020 +job. + +30:07.640 --> 30:09.720 +They have to be thinned out anyway, + +30:09.940 --> 30:12.380 +because otherwise they'll just totally + +30:12.380 --> 30:15.180 +grow over each other and get crowded out. + +30:31.840 --> 30:33.420 +As much easier to do when the dirt is + +30:33.420 --> 30:34.220 +soft. Yes + +31:10.540 --> 31:12.100 +I'm going to go find some more cerns. + +31:12.100 --> 31:12.420 +Okay. + +31:18.420 --> 31:20.360 +So this is how you propagate cern cactus, + +31:20.620 --> 31:23.200 +but hopefully nobody will get ideas and + +31:23.200 --> 31:24.580 +come in here and start taking things. We + +31:24.580 --> 31:26.120 +do have occasional problems with that. + +31:38.380 --> 31:40.320 +The great thing about these is they have + +31:40.320 --> 31:42.620 +to harden off, so they have to callus over + +31:42.620 --> 31:44.100 +before you plant them in the ground, so + +31:44.100 --> 31:45.400 +you can leave them sitting around for a + +31:45.400 --> 31:46.700 +couple of weeks before you plant them. + +31:47.040 --> 31:48.660 +Okay, now I'm going to just let you work + +31:48.660 --> 31:49.340 +and... in. + +33:16.200 --> 33:19.000 +All right. + +33:27.440 --> 33:29.000 +Alright, should we go paint some more? + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bg821nn2750_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bg821nn2750_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4b350f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bg821nn2750_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1682 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:17.660 --> 00:19.640 +We've done a fantastic job. Well, thank + +00:19.640 --> 00:22.100 +you. It's just gorgeous. Oh, maybe I'll + +00:22.100 --> 00:24.820 +look over here and here's another. Yes, + +00:24.920 --> 00:26.900 +exactly. That's the same kind. That's an + +00:26.900 --> 00:28.500 +agave. We thought they were Agave + +00:28.500 --> 00:30.400 +americana, but I had an olive expert out + +00:30.400 --> 00:31.720 +here looking, and he thinks they're Agave + +00:31.720 --> 00:34.960 +farrox. And what is the one that was + +00:34.960 --> 00:38.140 +completely, it's being so carefully held + +00:38.140 --> 00:41.900 +up? That's my very favorite plant. It's + +00:41.900 --> 00:43.420 +this one right here, the one that looks + +00:43.420 --> 00:45.800 +kind of like an upside-down carrot. That's + +00:45.800 --> 00:47.620 +called a boujum tree. It's named after the + +00:47.620 --> 00:51.620 +Lewis Carroll poem. Tell me the poem. The + +00:51.620 --> 00:53.560 +Hunting of the Snark. I don't know. The + +00:53.560 --> 00:56.040 +boujum. The boujum. Is in there. Okay. So + +00:56.040 --> 00:57.920 +that's what it's named after. We moved + +00:57.920 --> 01:00.020 +that here. Remember I was showing you + +01:00.020 --> 01:01.700 +which ones were original? That's one of + +01:01.700 --> 01:03.360 +the larger ones we moved. And we actually + +01:03.360 --> 01:05.320 +got A to Z tree movers in Mountain View to + +01:05.320 --> 01:06.560 +donate their time, and they went all the + +01:06.560 --> 01:08.520 +way down to Greenfield, which is south of + +01:08.520 --> 01:12.080 +Salinas, with a crane. So that's not the + +01:12.080 --> 01:15.300 +one, but you knew one was there. There was + +01:15.300 --> 01:18.260 +someone who was selling his house who had + +01:18.260 --> 01:20.620 +landscaped his entire property in plants + +01:20.620 --> 01:22.860 +like this, and it was a condition of + +01:22.860 --> 01:24.040 +escrow that he get rid of them. + +01:27.220 --> 01:30.260 +That's the normal way it looks? It's quite + +01:30.260 --> 01:33.400 +lush. They grow on cliffs in Baja, so + +01:33.400 --> 01:35.220 +usually they look more scraggly and less + +01:35.220 --> 01:36.940 +branchy. This is a very, very happy + +01:36.940 --> 01:39.940 +specimen of one. They bloom. They bloom in + +01:39.940 --> 01:40.920 +the summer. They put out little yellow + +01:40.920 --> 01:42.580 +flowers at the top. You can sort of see + +01:42.580 --> 01:44.540 +the remains of the flower stalks. And + +01:44.540 --> 01:46.460 +since they're Baja native, you know, + +01:46.480 --> 01:48.180 +they're used to very little water, and + +01:48.180 --> 01:50.480 +they don't take the combination of cold + +01:50.480 --> 01:51.740 +and wet. This is one of our really + +01:51.740 --> 01:56.100 +borderline plants. So we dug a couple feet + +01:56.100 --> 01:58.020 +down underneath it, amended it with drain + +01:58.020 --> 01:59.540 +gravel, and then planted it in a raised + +01:59.540 --> 02:01.740 +bed and built the retaining wall around + +02:01.740 --> 02:04.580 +it. And we're just hoping that we can keep + +02:04.580 --> 02:06.760 +it going. And if we get, you know, if this + +02:06.760 --> 02:08.100 +does turn out to be a really cold wet + +02:08.100 --> 02:10.660 +winter, that's one of the ones. There's a + +02:10.660 --> 02:13.220 +couple of quite spectacular plants that we + +02:13.220 --> 02:15.300 +took that were borderline just because + +02:15.300 --> 02:16.440 +they would have been bulldozed and gone. + +02:16.900 --> 02:19.080 +So in choosing these these plants, just so + +02:19.080 --> 02:22.340 +I can get it clear in my mind. You had the + +02:22.340 --> 02:24.440 +plan, and so you know the kind of plants + +02:24.440 --> 02:26.180 +that were here, but you did not try to go + +02:26.180 --> 02:29.620 +and exactly replace every plant that you + +02:29.620 --> 02:30.380 +saw. Right, that's an excellent question, + +02:30.720 --> 02:33.840 +because if you looked at what was here in + +02:33.840 --> 02:35.880 +the mid-1990s, like I said, there were + +02:35.880 --> 02:37.440 +like five different kinds and like five + +02:37.440 --> 02:38.600 +million of each of those. Originally, + +02:38.640 --> 02:40.160 +there were hundreds of different kinds of + +02:40.160 --> 02:41.940 +plants and they didn't survive. Now, the + +02:41.940 --> 02:43.340 +garden had been really neglected since + +02:43.340 --> 02:45.460 +probably around World War II, too. But + +02:45.460 --> 02:47.860 +even so, you know, it just, it was + +02:47.860 --> 02:49.020 +designed as a high maintenance Victorian + +02:49.020 --> 02:51.720 +garden. And that was not sort of what it + +02:51.720 --> 02:53.580 +can be now. And there's not the funds to + +02:53.580 --> 02:55.800 +go out and buy plants. So we take what + +02:55.800 --> 02:57.080 +we're given, or we took what we're given + +02:57.080 --> 02:58.380 +for the most part, because we're kind of + +02:58.380 --> 03:03.440 +full up now. But what they did, before I + +03:03.440 --> 03:05.180 +came on, they hired a landscape architect + +03:05.180 --> 03:07.600 +named Nancy Hardesty. Okay. And she came + +03:07.600 --> 03:10.340 +up with a plan, what she called this ABCD + +03:10.340 --> 03:12.440 +plan. And it's, So what we do is we + +03:12.440 --> 03:15.420 +classify plants by type and A plants are + +03:15.420 --> 03:18.400 +tall focal point plants and each bed gets + +03:18.400 --> 03:19.920 +one or two of those kind of depending on + +03:19.920 --> 03:21.940 +the size. So that boujum tree is an A + +03:21.940 --> 03:25.120 +plant and the palm tree is an A plant. And + +03:25.120 --> 03:26.840 +then there's B plants which are + +03:27.440 --> 03:30.000 +substantial plants and large but more + +03:30.000 --> 03:32.460 +broad. So like when these prickly pear and + +03:32.460 --> 03:34.300 +the cholla grow up those will be B plants. + +03:35.080 --> 03:38.220 +And then C plants are are big, you know, + +03:38.240 --> 03:40.320 +sort of normal-sized plants, like, you + +03:40.320 --> 03:41.780 +know, kind of that one person can move + +03:41.780 --> 03:43.400 +around, and that those will, these would + +03:43.400 --> 03:45.460 +be C plants, and then D plants are ground + +03:45.460 --> 03:48.320 +cover. And so what every bed is supposed + +03:48.320 --> 03:50.260 +to have is this pyramidal planting scheme + +03:50.740 --> 03:52.960 +with an A plant in the middle, B plants + +03:52.960 --> 03:55.200 +around it, C plants at the edges, and then + +03:55.200 --> 03:56.940 +D plants doing ground cover in between. + +03:57.380 --> 04:00.380 +And that's not entirely similar to what + +04:00.380 --> 04:02.680 +was there. They had hundreds of saguaros + +04:02.680 --> 04:04.300 +in this original garden. If you look, you + +04:04.300 --> 04:06.060 +can see just in here all of these. I see. + +04:06.060 --> 04:07.460 +And there's no, I mean, those are + +04:07.460 --> 04:08.980 +protected species. There's no way we could + +04:08.980 --> 04:10.400 +get hundreds of saguaros, and they didn't + +04:10.400 --> 04:13.000 +survive. So this is the way that we can + +04:13.000 --> 04:14.940 +get sort of a formal look with a diversity + +04:14.940 --> 04:16.980 +of plant material to have that sort of + +04:16.980 --> 04:18.580 +scheme that all the beds have a sort of + +04:18.580 --> 04:22.760 +uniformity. So, and then in addition to + +04:22.760 --> 04:26.740 +that, they're trying to put some botanical + +04:26.740 --> 04:29.660 +usefulness into the garden. So we have a + +04:29.660 --> 04:31.460 +division into eastern and western + +04:31.460 --> 04:34.060 +hemispheres. So all plants native to the + +04:34.060 --> 04:35.480 +western hemisphere, so the Americas + +04:35.480 --> 04:37.160 +basically, are on this half of the garden, + +04:37.260 --> 04:39.540 +and all plants native to Asia and Africa + +04:39.540 --> 04:41.520 +and Europe are on that side of the garden. + +04:42.300 --> 04:44.240 +Although we did not move any original + +04:44.240 --> 04:46.060 +plants that were there. So Joshua plants + +04:46.060 --> 04:47.660 +are native, Joshua trees and yuccas and + +04:47.660 --> 04:48.580 +things like that are native to the + +04:48.580 --> 04:50.040 +southwest, so there are yucca trees down + +04:50.040 --> 04:52.000 +there, and that big prickly pear is an + +04:52.000 --> 04:54.380 +original, so it didn't get moved. But of + +04:54.380 --> 04:55.900 +all the new plants that we've put in, so + +04:55.900 --> 04:57.220 +all the aloes are at that end of the + +04:57.220 --> 05:00.880 +garden. Oh yeah, that's what's blooming + +05:00.880 --> 05:03.740 +now, they're looking beautiful. This looks + +05:03.740 --> 05:06.800 +unique. That's the jumping… Are the + +05:06.800 --> 05:08.820 +barrels or the jumping cholla? No. And + +05:08.820 --> 05:12.420 +this one? The one staked up right here? + +05:12.480 --> 05:13.700 +Yeah. Yeah, that's a jumping cholla. + +05:13.780 --> 05:16.060 +That's original. I mean, this particular + +05:16.060 --> 05:18.400 +plant was originally in the garden. This + +05:18.400 --> 05:20.940 +one is not a descendant of what was here. + +05:21.000 --> 05:22.420 +The one on the other end, though, is just + +05:22.420 --> 05:23.860 +a cutting that we took of a plant that had + +05:23.860 --> 05:26.840 +survived. Do you have any sagurus here? + +05:26.960 --> 05:29.520 +Yes, we do. Unfortunately, they are under + +05:29.520 --> 05:32.080 +wraps. Under Rats, yeah. There was a + +05:32.080 --> 05:34.160 +wonderful person who lived on one of those + +05:34.160 --> 05:37.280 +hills in Cupertino, a big estate, and they + +05:37.280 --> 05:38.700 +were selling it and moving to the city to + +05:38.700 --> 05:40.480 +be closer to their children. The new + +05:40.480 --> 05:41.900 +owners didn't want the saguaros. They + +05:41.900 --> 05:43.780 +wanted a basketball court. So now how do + +05:43.780 --> 05:45.920 +you find these places? They find me. It's + +05:45.920 --> 05:48.600 +amazing. Yeah. So what would you like that + +05:48.600 --> 05:50.140 +you don't have that you would love for + +05:50.140 --> 05:52.320 +someone to call and say? I would love more + +05:52.320 --> 05:54.440 +saguaros. I would love ground cover at + +05:54.440 --> 05:57.040 +this point. It's kind of hard to say right + +05:57.040 --> 05:58.480 +now it depends a lot on the winter. + +05:59.100 --> 06:02.160 +There's things if we lose I would + +06:02.160 --> 06:04.260 +definitely like to replace. I do have a + +06:04.260 --> 06:05.620 +plant list and they're trying to get it up + +06:05.620 --> 06:08.040 +on the grounds department website of what + +06:08.040 --> 06:10.580 +we could use. So people just call the + +06:10.580 --> 06:13.480 +university and say I have this cactus? + +06:14.180 --> 06:15.860 +Yeah, or people find me. Actually a lot of + +06:15.860 --> 06:17.160 +our volunteers, the San Francisco + +06:17.160 --> 06:18.960 +Succulent and Cactus Society was mentioned + +06:18.960 --> 06:21.820 +in the article and they committed to this + +06:21.820 --> 06:24.060 +volunteer project to Herb Fong like long + +06:24.060 --> 06:25.700 +before I was hired, long before any of + +06:25.700 --> 06:26.620 +this started because because they didn't + +06:26.620 --> 06:28.580 +want to start the project and then not + +06:28.580 --> 06:30.020 +have any volunteers and have it kind of + +06:30.020 --> 06:33.980 +flail. So that's a huge network right + +06:33.980 --> 06:36.240 +there. So a lot of people who don't know + +06:36.240 --> 06:38.700 +anything about the garden, but they have a + +06:38.700 --> 06:40.360 +yard full of plants, they have small + +06:40.360 --> 06:43.500 +trees. They don't want to kill the plants, + +06:43.540 --> 06:44.520 +but they don't want to have the plants + +06:44.520 --> 06:45.800 +anymore, so they call the succulent + +06:45.800 --> 06:48.020 +societies, and all the succulent societies + +06:48.020 --> 06:50.300 +pretty much know me now. Well, you have an + +06:50.300 --> 06:52.420 +article in the State of Greenland. I + +06:52.420 --> 06:54.680 +talked to Kevin Koltz on my mom's here + +06:54.680 --> 06:56.500 +list. If you'd like to lobby Kevin Koltz + +06:56.500 --> 06:57.960 +and put an article in, that would be + +06:57.960 --> 07:00.840 +great. I think anybody who has a standard + +07:00.840 --> 07:04.620 +connection would love it. What I really + +07:04.620 --> 07:06.620 +want, actually what I would really like, + +07:06.620 --> 07:08.000 +there are definitely plans I would like + +07:08.000 --> 07:09.420 +people out of the blue to give me, but + +07:09.420 --> 07:10.800 +what I would really like is people to give + +07:10.800 --> 07:12.340 +me pictures of the garden from the middle + +07:12.340 --> 07:14.960 +of this century on. Because I have, + +07:15.080 --> 07:16.460 +like... I think it's that they don't have + +07:16.460 --> 07:18.060 +a lot of art in it, because they have many + +07:18.060 --> 07:19.340 +other, you know, the rest of it. I mean, + +07:19.400 --> 07:22.640 +even if they just put a note about having + +07:22.640 --> 07:25.540 +a baby. So if you do know people, feel + +07:25.540 --> 07:28.720 +free to drop it. Darn. Feel free to drop + +07:28.720 --> 07:31.020 +it. Just give them the evidence that you + +07:31.020 --> 07:36.420 +know. Yeah. Yeah. Well, my other problem + +07:36.420 --> 07:38.400 +is, I went to her farm, my Boston grounds, + +07:38.580 --> 07:40.740 +and I'm like, you know, okay, I can work + +07:40.740 --> 07:43.260 +tonight. I can get people to do all that. + +07:43.360 --> 07:45.400 +But I'm trying to think about cacti. I + +07:45.400 --> 07:47.660 +know like California native plants, like + +07:47.660 --> 07:49.860 +heirloom vegetables. I was like, that's + +07:49.860 --> 07:53.580 +okay. It's okay. Very quickly, very, very, + +07:53.600 --> 07:54.200 +very quickly. + +07:57.800 --> 07:59.260 +Thank you for coming! + +08:05.340 --> 08:07.100 +Well, it's really our volunteers. + +08:40.900 --> 08:42.580 +Thanks for coming by. Bye. + +08:47.080 --> 08:48.700 +I was going to do an interview, but you + +08:48.700 --> 08:50.360 +told me everything I needed to know. Oh, + +08:50.400 --> 08:52.000 +come on. Surely you can think of something + +08:52.000 --> 08:55.860 +else to ask. People find you. Don't look. + +08:55.920 --> 08:58.500 +Yeah. Look over here. Look at the plant. + +08:58.640 --> 09:03.220 +Yeah. This is truly a work of love on your + +09:03.220 --> 09:06.140 +part, right? Absolutely. I mean, this + +09:06.140 --> 09:08.680 +garden is a very special place. And all of + +09:08.680 --> 09:10.120 +the volunteers who put so much of their + +09:10.120 --> 09:12.520 +effort into it, I mean, it's just a + +09:12.520 --> 09:16.340 +wonderful, wonderful effort. And how much + +09:16.340 --> 09:18.260 +time a week do you put into this place? + +09:18.460 --> 09:20.120 +I'm employed in the Grants Department 20 + +09:20.120 --> 09:22.160 +hours a week, so, you know, occasionally + +09:22.160 --> 09:24.060 +there's a few extra hours here and there. + +09:24.200 --> 09:25.440 +But pretty much it's a half-time + +09:25.440 --> 09:27.180 +commitment, and then I have my other half + +09:27.180 --> 09:29.240 +-time job in archives. So I have more than + +09:29.240 --> 09:30.840 +enough to keep me busy. Okay, what makes + +09:30.840 --> 09:33.120 +this place so special? Well, there's not + +09:33.120 --> 09:35.440 +very many 19th century gardens left on the + +09:35.440 --> 09:37.960 +peninsula to begin with. And then this + +09:37.960 --> 09:40.160 +garden itself is one of the earliest + +09:40.160 --> 09:43.180 +experiments with growing these kind of + +09:43.180 --> 09:45.300 +plants, cacti and succulents outdoors not + +09:45.300 --> 09:47.840 +under glass that was one of the great + +09:47.840 --> 09:49.840 +innovations that the landscape architect + +09:49.840 --> 09:51.400 +who designed this garden Rudolph Ulrich + +09:51.400 --> 09:55.100 +made so in a certain way you can think of + +09:55.100 --> 09:57.180 +it as like the very very earliest + +09:57.180 --> 09:58.840 +beginnings of xerophytic gardening in + +09:58.840 --> 10:00.460 +California that you know now we have all + +10:00.460 --> 10:02.040 +these drought tolerant gardens and this is + +10:02.040 --> 10:04.540 +one of the places it all started. Wow. + +10:05.040 --> 10:08.260 +Pretty cool. It is pretty cool and these + +10:08.260 --> 10:10.020 +plants do they have Do they have + +10:10.020 --> 10:13.360 +personalities for you? Not so much for me, + +10:13.400 --> 10:15.220 +except the prickly pears always seem to be + +10:15.220 --> 10:16.500 +trying to jump me and get a couple of + +10:16.500 --> 10:18.680 +spines in me. But I know a lot of my + +10:18.680 --> 10:20.880 +volunteers have particular affinities with + +10:20.880 --> 10:22.260 +particular kinds of plants, and they're + +10:22.260 --> 10:24.320 +always, oh yes, she's happy today, oh he + +10:24.320 --> 10:26.800 +doesn't look too good. So I think they do + +10:26.800 --> 10:29.560 +have personalities. You were talking a + +10:29.560 --> 10:33.200 +little bit before about the levels, + +10:33.340 --> 10:35.460 +there's four levels. Tell me a little bit + +10:35.460 --> 10:38.120 +about that. Okay, Nancy Hardesty, the + +10:38.120 --> 10:39.640 +landscape architect who helped come up + +10:39.640 --> 10:41.680 +with this restoration schema, it's a way + +10:41.680 --> 10:44.660 +that we can use donated plants and take + +10:44.660 --> 10:46.940 +what plant materials are given to us and + +10:46.940 --> 10:48.540 +yet maintain some sort of visual + +10:48.540 --> 10:52.080 +uniformity and Victorian formalism in the + +10:52.080 --> 10:53.420 +garden. This was originally a formal + +10:53.420 --> 10:55.920 +garden. It's not, you know, a naturalistic + +10:55.920 --> 10:57.800 +run wild kind of garden, so there's a lot + +10:57.800 --> 11:01.180 +of symmetry, a lot of balance. So what she + +11:01.180 --> 11:03.600 +did was create four general categories of + +11:03.600 --> 11:05.380 +plants. There's A-type plants, which are + +11:05.380 --> 11:07.980 +really tall, big, massive plants when + +11:07.980 --> 11:10.200 +they're mature. They're the focal point of + +11:10.200 --> 11:12.140 +every bed, and there's 50-some-odd beds in + +11:12.140 --> 11:13.800 +the garden. So every bed, depending on + +11:13.800 --> 11:15.880 +size, should have one or two plants. And + +11:15.880 --> 11:17.420 +an example of that would be this palm tree + +11:17.420 --> 11:19.560 +or this Yucca Follifera here. They're just + +11:19.560 --> 11:22.480 +commanding plants. And then there's B-type + +11:22.480 --> 11:24.660 +plants, which are also large plants, but + +11:24.660 --> 11:27.000 +they're bulkier and not as tall. So those + +11:27.000 --> 11:28.700 +would ring the outside of the A-type + +11:28.700 --> 11:30.260 +plants. And then there's C-type plants, + +11:30.420 --> 11:31.780 +which are, you know, a couple feet in + +11:31.780 --> 11:34.000 +diameter maximum. maximum. Those go + +11:34.000 --> 11:36.520 +outside the bee plants. And then D-type + +11:36.520 --> 11:38.120 +plants are ground cover and those go + +11:38.120 --> 11:40.000 +around the edges of all the beds. So that + +11:40.000 --> 11:41.620 +allows us to have a pyramidal planting + +11:42.040 --> 11:44.220 +plan for every bed, but it doesn't + +11:44.220 --> 11:45.560 +constrain us with the type of plants + +11:45.560 --> 11:47.120 +because we are so dependent on donated + +11:47.120 --> 11:49.860 +plants. So it's worked really well. Tell + +11:49.860 --> 11:51.840 +me your name and spell it so I don't waltz + +11:51.840 --> 11:54.460 +it up. It's Christy. It's Christy Smith, C + +11:54.460 --> 11:57.340 +-H-R-I-S-T-Y, and the last name is Smith, + +11:57.460 --> 12:00.980 +S-M-I-T-H. And give me a title. volunteer + +12:00.980 --> 12:02.720 +coordinator Stanford Arizona Garden + +12:02.720 --> 12:06.540 +Project great now the palm trees in a + +12:06.540 --> 12:11.640 +plant right okay that's an a plant okay + +12:11.640 --> 12:17.640 +give me a B plant oh and these are sea + +12:17.640 --> 12:21.980 +plants oh good I love them oh they're + +12:21.980 --> 12:24.620 +beautiful and where's the D plant + +12:30.640 --> 12:32.180 +Professor Dudley who was a botanist here + +12:32.180 --> 12:34.880 +in the 20s and 20s. Really? Yep. So I'm + +12:34.880 --> 12:35.860 +working on a little Dudley Memorial + +12:35.860 --> 12:38.500 +Garden. Now what I'd like to do... Do you + +12:38.500 --> 12:40.600 +want to see the agave? Yeah, I don't want + +12:40.600 --> 12:41.800 +to... The aloe polyphyllo, that's the one + +12:41.800 --> 12:43.180 +you probably want to still. Yeah, that's + +12:43.180 --> 12:44.480 +the hot one. And you're going to have to + +12:44.480 --> 12:45.860 +climb in the plants to see it. That's + +12:45.860 --> 12:48.240 +right. I'm going to let you walk ahead of + +12:48.240 --> 12:49.800 +me. Alright, I'll put the doggy here. + +12:49.920 --> 12:52.780 +That's okay. Sit. Sit. Stay. + +12:58.280 --> 13:00.420 +And just talk to me about this. Alright, + +13:00.540 --> 13:02.600 +this is an aloe polyphylla. It's called a + +13:02.600 --> 13:04.320 +spiral aloe. They've only come into + +13:04.320 --> 13:06.840 +cultivation recently. As you can see, it's + +13:06.840 --> 13:10.920 +very geometric. And this one spirals to + +13:10.920 --> 13:12.760 +the right and they come spiraling both + +13:12.760 --> 13:14.160 +ways. There's one that spiraled to the + +13:14.160 --> 13:16.700 +left as well. And I would dearly love to + +13:16.700 --> 13:18.060 +get another one that spirals the other way + +13:18.060 --> 13:20.900 +for the garden. Tell me a little bit about + +13:20.900 --> 13:23.540 +this plant. This particular one? It's an + +13:23.540 --> 13:26.060 +aloe polyphylla. It's a spiral aloe. They + +13:26.060 --> 13:28.600 +come spiraled both ways. This is a right + +13:28.600 --> 13:30.300 +spiraled one, but there are left spiraled + +13:30.300 --> 13:32.320 +ones as well, which I would love to get + +13:32.320 --> 13:34.900 +another one for the garden. And they've + +13:34.900 --> 13:36.360 +only fairly recently been brought into + +13:36.360 --> 13:37.820 +cultivation. They're fascinating to look + +13:37.820 --> 13:39.920 +at because they are so geometric in their + +13:39.920 --> 13:42.200 +form. And once they get established, you + +13:42.200 --> 13:44.360 +know, this will maybe triple in size and + +13:44.360 --> 13:46.040 +then it makes offsets. So it'll actually, + +13:46.600 --> 13:48.280 +the spiral will split. It's kind of like + +13:48.280 --> 13:49.540 +watching a cell divide and there will + +13:49.540 --> 13:51.360 +become two spirals and out of it when it + +13:51.360 --> 13:53.560 +gets, you know, about that size. This is + +13:53.560 --> 13:55.260 +the hot plant. This is one everybody wants + +13:55.260 --> 13:57.400 +to see, right? Well, a lot of people want + +13:57.400 --> 14:00.500 +to see it. They're not that common yet. So + +14:00.500 --> 14:05.080 +I think it's just a spectacular plant. No, + +14:05.080 --> 14:09.400 +it's just still. Yeah. Take a look. You + +14:09.400 --> 14:12.020 +can see it. Oh. Oh, yeah, that looks + +14:12.020 --> 14:14.940 +great. I got my little tweezers. I should + +14:14.940 --> 14:15.660 +be cleaning it out. + +14:27.380 --> 14:32.800 +Here's a nice red stem. And it's in the + +14:32.800 --> 14:34.620 +wrong place in the bed. That's okay, we + +14:34.620 --> 14:35.100 +won't... + +14:38.280 --> 14:41.660 +And are the swirls new? Um, they've been + +14:41.660 --> 14:41.900 +in the... + +14:51.600 --> 14:53.560 +I suppose one other thing to think about + +14:53.560 --> 14:55.440 +is the original pattern of them although + +14:55.440 --> 14:59.300 +we've had to dig them out from up to 12 + +14:59.300 --> 15:02.900 +inches of dirt oh hang on a second now you + +15:02.900 --> 15:06.140 +can talk to me over here oh thank god tell + +15:06.140 --> 15:08.160 +me about the rocks the rocks are one of + +15:08.160 --> 15:10.500 +the really interesting historic features + +15:10.500 --> 15:13.580 +of the garden they're original. I mean + +15:13.580 --> 15:15.760 +there's not that much that's, you know, + +15:15.760 --> 15:18.280 +left from when the garden was actually + +15:18.280 --> 15:19.960 +made, but the bed outline is all original. + +15:20.060 --> 15:22.260 +The rocks were buried under up to 12 + +15:22.260 --> 15:23.960 +inches of dirt and we've hand excavated + +15:23.960 --> 15:25.520 +and raised them and preserved the pattern. + +15:25.640 --> 15:27.600 +So that really is, you know, the plants + +15:27.600 --> 15:28.900 +may be slightly different than what you + +15:28.900 --> 15:30.040 +would have seen in the original garden, + +15:30.160 --> 15:31.720 +but the bed outline and sort of the + +15:31.720 --> 15:33.520 +quadrilateral symmetry of the garden is + +15:33.520 --> 15:35.380 +original and as close to the original as + +15:35.380 --> 15:37.380 +we can make it as we excavate it. This + +15:37.380 --> 15:40.420 +place has real meaning as part of + +15:40.420 --> 15:42.560 +Stanford, doesn't it? Yeah. Talk to me + +15:42.560 --> 15:45.920 +about that. This garden was originally + +15:45.920 --> 15:47.180 +going to be the backyard for the + +15:47.180 --> 15:49.080 +Stanford's house that was going to be + +15:49.080 --> 15:50.900 +where the mausoleum now stands, and it was + +15:50.900 --> 15:53.440 +built in the early 1880s before they had + +15:53.440 --> 15:54.900 +started construction on the house and + +15:54.900 --> 15:57.240 +before little Leland died. And as you + +15:57.240 --> 15:59.080 +know, construction on the house was put + +15:59.080 --> 16:01.240 +aside when he passed away and they decided + +16:01.240 --> 16:03.120 +to found a university. But the garden had + +16:03.120 --> 16:07.760 +already been made. So it was a garden + +16:07.760 --> 16:10.360 +designed for a residence. Rudolf Ulrich, + +16:10.460 --> 16:11.860 +who designed this garden, also designed a + +16:11.860 --> 16:13.160 +garden at the Hotel Del Monte for + +16:13.160 --> 16:14.680 +Stanford's business partner, Charles + +16:14.680 --> 16:16.940 +Crocker. And it's very similar in certain + +16:16.940 --> 16:19.540 +ways, but it's also more open and more + +16:19.540 --> 16:21.580 +formal because it was a public garden to + +16:21.580 --> 16:23.340 +go with a hotel, and this was a private + +16:23.340 --> 16:26.260 +garden. But yeah, it's a real early piece + +16:26.260 --> 16:27.640 +of Stanford history. There's not too many + +16:27.640 --> 16:29.520 +pieces of early Stanford history left that + +16:29.520 --> 16:31.500 +you can just walk through. Imagine what it + +16:31.500 --> 16:32.760 +would be like. So I think it is a very + +16:32.760 --> 16:35.760 +special place. What's the, what's the, + +16:35.780 --> 16:38.100 +tell me about the upside down carrot. Oh, + +16:38.140 --> 16:40.220 +that's my very favorite tree. That's a + +16:40.220 --> 16:42.980 +Bujum tree. It's over there. It's named + +16:42.980 --> 16:44.780 +after the Lewis Carroll poem by whoever, I + +16:44.780 --> 16:46.000 +don't know who discovered it, but it's + +16:46.000 --> 16:47.660 +native to Baja, California, and obviously + +16:47.660 --> 16:50.720 +they were a Lewis Carroll fan. I think I + +16:50.720 --> 16:52.340 +really like it because in addition to it + +16:52.340 --> 16:54.220 +looking beautiful and unique, it's the + +16:54.220 --> 16:56.060 +first large plant that I helped move into + +16:56.060 --> 16:57.900 +the garden. I didn't really know you could + +16:57.900 --> 16:59.300 +move plants that big and have them + +16:59.300 --> 17:02.020 +survive. and the tree crew guys that + +17:02.020 --> 17:03.640 +helped me move it didn't know that either + +17:03.640 --> 17:05.080 +because they move oak trees they don't + +17:05.080 --> 17:07.520 +move succulent trunked cacti so so we had + +17:07.520 --> 17:09.700 +to prune back all the branches we wadded + +17:09.700 --> 17:11.040 +up newspaper and stuffed them all between + +17:11.040 --> 17:12.880 +the branches then we wrapped it in in old + +17:12.880 --> 17:14.200 +sheets and then we build a framework of + +17:14.200 --> 17:15.640 +two by fours around it before we let the + +17:15.640 --> 17:17.480 +crane lift it up and then the guys + +17:17.480 --> 17:19.140 +excavated the root ball and bald and + +17:19.140 --> 17:20.580 +burlap tit and we brought it here and put + +17:20.580 --> 17:22.400 +it into place with a crane and it grew it + +17:22.400 --> 17:24.740 +was so exciting so I'm very very attached + +17:24.740 --> 17:27.660 +to that particular plant. It's like a + +17:27.660 --> 17:30.260 +child for you. Yeah, yeah. Well, yeah + +17:30.260 --> 17:33.960 +probably. And who is this person? Who's + +17:33.960 --> 17:35.920 +this guy? Hey Uzo, can you say hello? This + +17:35.920 --> 17:37.880 +is my little garden mascot. Yes, she helps + +17:37.880 --> 17:39.800 +us keep the ground squirrels away. We have + +17:39.800 --> 17:41.100 +a lot of ground squirrel damage in the + +17:41.100 --> 17:43.560 +garden. But she comes out and keeps me + +17:43.560 --> 17:47.340 +company too. Yeah, she's a sweetheart. Hi + +17:47.340 --> 17:50.140 +Lisa, how you doing? She says Uzo, my name + +17:50.140 --> 17:50.520 +is Uzo. + +17:53.460 --> 17:56.400 +Yeah, that's a cute puppy. Cute puppy dog. + +17:57.700 --> 17:59.980 +She says that she just loves the fact that + +17:59.980 --> 18:04.580 +I have this job. Oh, I bet she does. Now I + +18:04.580 --> 18:06.240 +gotta take a picture of the carrot. Yeah. + +18:09.400 --> 18:11.220 +One of my volunteers is coming down here + +18:11.220 --> 18:13.460 +with a large format negative camera and + +18:13.460 --> 18:14.320 +taking pictures of it. + +18:18.780 --> 18:19.640 +Come here, nurse. + +18:50.440 --> 18:51.900 +I'm going to go make a couple of... + +18:51.900 --> 18:53.900 +They're very vicious. Are they? Yes. + +18:54.560 --> 18:56.440 +Detriment. They're small and they break + +18:56.440 --> 18:58.720 +off and they're very sharp and you get + +18:58.720 --> 19:00.080 +them in your skin and you can't see them + +19:00.080 --> 19:03.300 +to get them out and they can get infected + +19:03.300 --> 19:05.920 +and painful. What do they call? The little + +19:05.920 --> 19:10.120 +fuzzy things are called blockets. And so + +19:10.120 --> 19:11.840 +they look beautiful. They look friendly. + +19:11.840 --> 19:13.500 +they don't look very spiky at all but + +19:13.500 --> 19:18.160 +they're bad news. Watch out. If you look + +19:18.160 --> 19:20.100 +at this one over here this is another kind + +19:20.100 --> 19:21.980 +of prickly pear and you can see this has + +19:21.980 --> 19:23.620 +the combination of spines and glochids. + +19:23.740 --> 19:25.160 +Which one is that? The purple one over + +19:25.160 --> 19:27.700 +here. Yeah this one only has the glochids. + +19:27.820 --> 19:29.440 +This one has the combination of both. So + +19:29.440 --> 19:31.360 +that genus comes with a whole range from + +19:31.360 --> 19:33.720 +like lots of spines and few glochids to + +19:33.720 --> 19:35.120 +all glochids and no spines. + +19:39.020 --> 19:41.020 +But these are more obvious that you + +19:41.020 --> 19:43.360 +shouldn't touch them. Let's see what that + +19:43.360 --> 19:43.960 +one's going to do. + +20:00.720 --> 20:02.520 +That's pretty awesome. Which means that I + +20:02.520 --> 20:05.400 +get nice clean shots. I'm already consumed + +20:05.400 --> 20:07.840 +with envy for your camera stuff. I'm + +20:07.840 --> 20:07.980 +sorry. + +20:23.500 --> 20:24.880 +And I guess one of the other really + +20:24.880 --> 20:26.420 +special things about this garden is that + +20:26.420 --> 20:27.840 +there's almost always something in bloom. + +20:28.060 --> 20:30.340 +Hang on one second. Start up. Okay. One of + +20:30.340 --> 20:31.660 +the other really great things about this + +20:31.660 --> 20:33.200 +garden is that there's always something in + +20:33.200 --> 20:34.820 +bloom year round. So even now that it's + +20:34.820 --> 20:36.360 +the middle of January, we've got aloes + +20:36.360 --> 20:38.660 +blooming, and this giant agave here is + +20:38.660 --> 20:41.080 +starting to think about blooming. So it's + +20:41.080 --> 20:42.800 +sending up its big flower spike, and it'll + +20:42.800 --> 20:44.320 +bloom sometime over the next couple months + +20:44.320 --> 20:46.420 +and set seed and produce some offsets, and + +20:46.420 --> 20:48.380 +it will die. But it will leave plenty of + +20:48.380 --> 20:51.040 +babies behind it. So it's pretty + +20:51.040 --> 20:52.420 +spectacular to watch the things in bloom, + +20:52.520 --> 20:54.840 +even in the middle of winter. Now, the + +20:54.840 --> 20:55.420 +giant... + +20:59.480 --> 21:01.180 +Now, I'm going to shoot the carrot before + +21:01.180 --> 21:01.860 +I forget it. + +22:24.960 --> 22:27.520 +It's a lovely place. If you want ideas on + +22:27.520 --> 22:29.880 +your scale of flexibility. It's just + +22:29.880 --> 22:32.280 +wonderful. Yeah, and Nancy earned every + +22:32.280 --> 22:33.020 +bit that we paid. + +22:39.500 --> 22:41.500 +Yeah, that big one is really big. Lovely. + +22:50.000 --> 22:52.760 +Now these rocks are all original, right? + +22:53.480 --> 22:56.120 +Well, the ones that look really older... + +22:56.120 --> 22:59.980 +...and Morgan Hill. It's just great. + +23:42.160 --> 23:44.600 +Do you know anything about cactus? A + +23:44.600 --> 23:46.280 +little bit. You need to know anything + +23:46.280 --> 23:48.540 +about cactus? Go ahead. I was just always + +23:48.540 --> 23:50.360 +wondering, they tend to grow that white + +23:50.360 --> 23:51.740 +stuff that's on that one. Go ahead. + +23:51.920 --> 23:54.280 +That's, um... Walk over here. I'm holding + +23:54.280 --> 23:56.920 +it. Isn't that some poison? No, it's just + +23:56.920 --> 24:00.940 +a white fluff that they make. And certain + +24:00.940 --> 24:03.880 +species of cactus have it. It's usually in + +24:03.880 --> 24:05.980 +the genus Oreosurius and they're called + +24:05.980 --> 24:08.100 +old man cacti. They just put out, that's + +24:08.100 --> 24:09.580 +one of the sort of protective things they + +24:09.580 --> 24:10.700 +have. It gives them a little protection + +24:10.700 --> 24:12.740 +from hot sun and probably a little frost + +24:12.740 --> 24:15.280 +protection as well. It's not strychnine? + +24:16.520 --> 24:19.740 +No, it's not strychnine. Because there was + +24:19.740 --> 24:22.460 +this, you guys used to have cactuses + +24:22.460 --> 24:23.960 +stacked around over there waiting for you + +24:23.960 --> 24:26.040 +to plant it or whatever. Uh huh. And it + +24:26.040 --> 24:27.680 +was during the summertime and it was + +24:27.680 --> 24:31.600 +covered with that white stuff. Well + +24:31.600 --> 24:33.000 +there's other kinds of white stuff. + +24:33.140 --> 24:35.760 +There's an infestation called like cotton + +24:35.760 --> 24:40.180 +stain. Cotton stain. Cotton stain. Cotton + +24:40.180 --> 24:45.880 +stain. Uh huh. Cotton stain. Cotton stain. + +24:47.020 --> 24:51.380 +Uh huh, interesting. Yeah, yeah. Yeah. + +24:58.940 --> 25:01.380 +Oh well, you know, you never know what + +25:01.380 --> 25:02.620 +these stories will do. You might agree + +25:02.620 --> 25:05.400 +that's what people do in the practice. But + +25:05.400 --> 25:07.700 +they're just pieces of plant material. + +25:07.960 --> 25:10.480 +They're not people who talk about anything + +25:10.480 --> 25:11.020 +about it. + +25:18.420 --> 25:21.540 +I couldn't say. Goodbye. + +25:51.180 --> 25:53.040 +Sorry? That's a baby soil. That's what + +25:53.040 --> 25:53.420 +they look like. + +25:56.560 --> 26:02.380 +I hear they + +26:02.380 --> 26:03.700 +grow something like an inch a year. + +28:30.400 --> 28:33.200 +I'm sorry. + +29:51.440 --> 29:54.040 +Working away. There's nothing like getting + +29:54.040 --> 29:55.740 +muddy and dirty in the pursuit of your + +29:55.740 --> 29:56.020 +job. + +30:07.640 --> 30:09.720 +They have to be thinned out anyway, + +30:09.940 --> 30:12.380 +because otherwise they'll just totally + +30:12.380 --> 30:15.180 +grow over each other and get crowded out. + +30:31.840 --> 30:33.420 +As much easier to do when the dirt is + +30:33.420 --> 30:34.220 +soft. Yes + +31:10.540 --> 31:12.100 +I'm going to go find some more cerns. + +31:12.100 --> 31:12.420 +Okay. + +31:18.420 --> 31:20.360 +So this is how you propagate cern cactus, + +31:20.620 --> 31:23.200 +but hopefully nobody will get ideas and + +31:23.200 --> 31:24.580 +come in here and start taking things. We + +31:24.580 --> 31:26.120 +do have occasional problems with that. + +31:38.380 --> 31:40.320 +The great thing about these is they have + +31:40.320 --> 31:42.620 +to harden off, so they have to callus over + +31:42.620 --> 31:44.100 +before you plant them in the ground, so + +31:44.100 --> 31:45.400 +you can leave them sitting around for a + +31:45.400 --> 31:46.700 +couple of weeks before you plant them. + +31:47.040 --> 31:48.660 +Okay, now I'm going to just let you work + +31:48.660 --> 31:49.340 +and... in. + +33:16.200 --> 33:19.000 +All right. + +33:27.440 --> 33:29.000 +Alright, should we go paint some more? + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bg821nn2750_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bg821nn2750_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d056a1a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bg821nn2750_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html @@ -0,0 +1,551 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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reference
transcript
f1We've done a fantastic job.f1We've done a fantastic job.
2Well, thank you.2Well, thank you.
3It's just gorgeous.3It's just gorgeous.
4Oh, maybe I'll look over here and here's another.4Oh, maybe I'll look over here and here's another.
5Yes, exactly.5Yes, exactly.
6That's the same kind.6That's the same kind.
7That's an agave.7That's an agave.
8We thought they were Agave americana, but I had an olive expert out here looking8We thought they were Agave americana, but I had an olive expert out here looking
>, and he thinks they're Agave farrox.>, and he thinks they're Agave farrox.
9And what is the one that was completely, it's being so carefully held up?9And what is the one that was completely, it's being so carefully held up?
10That's my very favorite plant.10That's my very favorite plant.
11It's this one right here, the one that looks kind of like an upside-down carrot.11It's this one right here, the one that looks kind of like an upside-down carrot.
12That's called a boujum tree.12That's called a boujum tree.
13It's named after the Lewis Carroll poem.13It's named after the Lewis Carroll poem.
14Tell me the poem.14Tell me the poem.
15The Hunting of the Snark.15The Hunting of the Snark.
16I don't know.16I don't know.
17The boujum.17The boujum.
18The boujum.18The boujum.
19Is in there.19Is in there.
20Okay.20Okay.
21So that's what it's named after.21So that's what it's named after.
22We moved that here.22We moved that here.
23Remember I was showing you which ones were original?23Remember I was showing you which ones were original?
24That's one of the larger ones we moved.24That's one of the larger ones we moved.
25And we actually got A to Z tree movers in Mountain View to donate their time, an25And we actually got A to Z tree movers in Mountain View to donate their time, an
>d they went all the way down to Greenfield, which is south of Salinas, with a cr>d they went all the way down to Greenfield, which is south of Salinas, with a cr
>ane.>ane.
26So that's not the one, but you knew one was there.26So that's not the one, but you knew one was there.
27There was someone who was selling his house who had landscaped his entire proper27There was someone who was selling his house who had landscaped his entire proper
>ty in plants like this, and it was a condition of escrow that he get rid of them>ty in plants like this, and it was a condition of escrow that he get rid of them
>.>.
28That's the normal way it looks?28That's the normal way it looks?
29It's quite lush.29It's quite lush.
30They grow on cliffs in Baja, so usually they look more scraggly and less branchy30They grow on cliffs in Baja, so usually they look more scraggly and less branchy
>.>.
31This is a very, very happy specimen of one.31This is a very, very happy specimen of one.
32They bloom.32They bloom.
33They bloom in the summer.33They bloom in the summer.
34They put out little yellow flowers at the top.34They put out little yellow flowers at the top.
35You can sort of see the remains of the flower stalks.35You can sort of see the remains of the flower stalks.
36And since they're Baja native, you know, they're used to very little water, and 36And since they're Baja native, you know, they're used to very little water, and 
>they don't take the combination of cold and wet.>they don't take the combination of cold and wet.
37This is one of our really borderline plants.37This is one of our really borderline plants.
38So we dug a couple feet down underneath it, amended it with drain gravel, and th38So we dug a couple feet down underneath it, amended it with drain gravel, and th
>en planted it in a raised bed and built the retaining wall around it.>en planted it in a raised bed and built the retaining wall around it.
39And we're just hoping that we can keep it going.39And we're just hoping that we can keep it going.
40And if we get, you know, if this does turn out to be a really cold wet winter, t40And if we get, you know, if this does turn out to be a really cold wet winter, t
>hat's one of the ones.>hat's one of the ones.
41There's a couple of quite spectacular plants that we took that were borderline j41There's a couple of quite spectacular plants that we took that were borderline j
>ust because they would have been bulldozed and gone.>ust because they would have been bulldozed and gone.
42So in choosing these these plants, just so I can get it clear in my mind.42So in choosing these these plants, just so I can get it clear in my mind.
43You had the plan, and so you know the kind of plants that were here, but you did43You had the plan, and so you know the kind of plants that were here, but you did
> not try to go and exactly replace every plant that you saw.> not try to go and exactly replace every plant that you saw.
44Right, that's an excellent question, because if you looked at what was here in t44Right, that's an excellent question, because if you looked at what was here in t
>he mid-1990s, like I said, there were like five different kinds and like five mi>he mid-1990s, like I said, there were like five different kinds and like five mi
>llion of each of those.>llion of each of those.
45Originally, there were hundreds of different kinds of plants and they didn't sur45Originally, there were hundreds of different kinds of plants and they didn't sur
>vive.>vive.
46Now, the garden had been really neglected since probably around World War II, to46Now, the garden had been really neglected since probably around World War II, to
>o.>o.
47But even so, you know, it just, it was designed as a high maintenance Victorian 47But even so, you know, it just, it was designed as a high maintenance Victorian 
>garden.>garden.
48And that was not sort of what it can be now.48And that was not sort of what it can be now.
49And there's not the funds to go out and buy plants.49And there's not the funds to go out and buy plants.
50So we take what we're given, or we took what we're given for the most part, beca50So we take what we're given, or we took what we're given for the most part, beca
>use we're kind of full up now.>use we're kind of full up now.
51But what they did, before I came on, they hired a landscape architect named Nanc51But what they did, before I came on, they hired a landscape architect named Nanc
>y Hardesty.>y Hardesty.
52Okay.52Okay.
53And she came up with a plan, what she called this ABCD plan.53And she came up with a plan, what she called this ABCD plan.
54And it's, So what we do is we classify plants by type and A plants are tall foca54And it's, So what we do is we classify plants by type and A plants are tall foca
>l point plants and each bed gets one or two of those kind of depending on the si>l point plants and each bed gets one or two of those kind of depending on the si
>ze.>ze.
55So that boujum tree is an A plant and the palm tree is an A plant.55So that boujum tree is an A plant and the palm tree is an A plant.
56And then there's B plants which are substantial plants and large but more broad.56And then there's B plants which are substantial plants and large but more broad.
57So like when these prickly pear and the cholla grow up those will be B plants.57So like when these prickly pear and the cholla grow up those will be B plants.
58And then C plants are are big, you know, sort of normal-sized plants, like, you 58And then C plants are are big, you know, sort of normal-sized plants, like, you 
>know, kind of that one person can move around, and that those will, these would >know, kind of that one person can move around, and that those will, these would 
>be C plants, and then D plants are ground cover.>be C plants, and then D plants are ground cover.
59And so what every bed is supposed to have is this pyramidal planting scheme with59And so what every bed is supposed to have is this pyramidal planting scheme with
> an A plant in the middle, B plants around it, C plants at the edges, and then D> an A plant in the middle, B plants around it, C plants at the edges, and then D
> plants doing ground cover in between.> plants doing ground cover in between.
60And that's not entirely similar to what was there.60And that's not entirely similar to what was there.
61They had hundreds of saguaros in this original garden.61They had hundreds of saguaros in this original garden.
62If you look, you can see just in here all of these.62If you look, you can see just in here all of these.
63I see.63I see.
64And there's no, I mean, those are protected species.64And there's no, I mean, those are protected species.
65There's no way we could get hundreds of saguaros, and they didn't survive.65There's no way we could get hundreds of saguaros, and they didn't survive.
66So this is the way that we can get sort of a formal look with a diversity of pla66So this is the way that we can get sort of a formal look with a diversity of pla
>nt material to have that sort of scheme that all the beds have a sort of uniform>nt material to have that sort of scheme that all the beds have a sort of uniform
>ity.>ity.
67So, and then in addition to that, they're trying to put some botanical usefulnes67So, and then in addition to that, they're trying to put some botanical usefulnes
>s into the garden.>s into the garden.
68So we have a division into eastern and western hemispheres.68So we have a division into eastern and western hemispheres.
69So all plants native to the western hemisphere, so the Americas basically, are o69So all plants native to the western hemisphere, so the Americas basically, are o
>n this half of the garden, and all plants native to Asia and Africa and Europe a>n this half of the garden, and all plants native to Asia and Africa and Europe a
>re on that side of the garden.>re on that side of the garden.
70Although we did not move any original plants that were there.70Although we did not move any original plants that were there.
71So Joshua plants are native, Joshua trees and yuccas and things like that are na71So Joshua plants are native, Joshua trees and yuccas and things like that are na
>tive to the southwest, so there are yucca trees down there, and that big prickly>tive to the southwest, so there are yucca trees down there, and that big prickly
> pear is an original, so it didn't get moved.> pear is an original, so it didn't get moved.
72But of all the new plants that we've put in, so all the aloes are at that end of72But of all the new plants that we've put in, so all the aloes are at that end of
> the garden.> the garden.
73Oh yeah, that's what's blooming now, they're looking beautiful.73Oh yeah, that's what's blooming now, they're looking beautiful.
74This looks unique.74This looks unique.
75That's the jumping… Are the barrels or the jumping cholla?75That's the jumping… Are the barrels or the jumping cholla?
76No. And this one?76No. And this one?
77The one staked up right here?77The one staked up right here?
78Yeah.78Yeah.
79Yeah, that's a jumping cholla.79Yeah, that's a jumping cholla.
80That's original.80That's original.
81I mean, this particular plant was originally in the garden.81I mean, this particular plant was originally in the garden.
82This one is not a descendant of what was here.82This one is not a descendant of what was here.
83The one on the other end, though, is just a cutting that we took of a plant that83The one on the other end, though, is just a cutting that we took of a plant that
> had survived.> had survived.
84Do you have any sagurus here?84Do you have any sagurus here?
85Yes, we do.85Yes, we do.
86Unfortunately, they are under wraps.86Unfortunately, they are under wraps.
87Under Rats, yeah.87Under Rats, yeah.
88There was a wonderful person who lived on one of those hills in Cupertino, a big88There was a wonderful person who lived on one of those hills in Cupertino, a big
> estate, and they were selling it and moving to the city to be closer to their c> estate, and they were selling it and moving to the city to be closer to their c
>hildren.>hildren.
89The new owners didn't want the saguaros.89The new owners didn't want the saguaros.
90They wanted a basketball court.90They wanted a basketball court.
91So now how do you find these places?91So now how do you find these places?
92They find me.92They find me.
93It's amazing.93It's amazing.
94Yeah.94Yeah.
95So what would you like that you don't have that you would love for someone to ca95So what would you like that you don't have that you would love for someone to ca
>ll and say?>ll and say?
96I would love more saguaros.96I would love more saguaros.
97I would love ground cover at this point.97I would love ground cover at this point.
98It's kind of hard to say right now it depends a lot on the winter.98It's kind of hard to say right now it depends a lot on the winter.
99There's things if we lose I would definitely like to replace.99There's things if we lose I would definitely like to replace.
100I do have a plant list and they're trying to get it up on the grounds department100I do have a plant list and they're trying to get it up on the grounds department
> website of what we could use.> website of what we could use.
101So people just call the university and say I have this cactus?101So people just call the university and say I have this cactus?
102Yeah, or people find me.102Yeah, or people find me.
103Actually a lot of our volunteers, the San Francisco Succulent and Cactus Society103Actually a lot of our volunteers, the San Francisco Succulent and Cactus Society
> was mentioned in the article and they committed to this volunteer project to He> was mentioned in the article and they committed to this volunteer project to He
>rb Fong like long before I was hired, long before any of this started because be>rb Fong like long before I was hired, long before any of this started because be
>cause they didn't want to start the project and then not have any volunteers and>cause they didn't want to start the project and then not have any volunteers and
> have it kind of flail.> have it kind of flail.
104So that's a huge network right there.104So that's a huge network right there.
105So a lot of people who don't know anything about the garden, but they have a yar105So a lot of people who don't know anything about the garden, but they have a yar
>d full of plants, they have small trees.>d full of plants, they have small trees.
106They don't want to kill the plants, but they don't want to have the plants anymo106They don't want to kill the plants, but they don't want to have the plants anymo
>re, so they call the succulent societies, and all the succulent societies pretty>re, so they call the succulent societies, and all the succulent societies pretty
> much know me now.> much know me now.
107Well, you have an article in the State of Greenland.107Well, you have an article in the State of Greenland.
108I talked to Kevin Koltz on my mom's here list.108I talked to Kevin Koltz on my mom's here list.
109If you'd like to lobby Kevin Koltz and put an article in, that would be great.109If you'd like to lobby Kevin Koltz and put an article in, that would be great.
110I think anybody who has a standard connection would love it.110I think anybody who has a standard connection would love it.
111What I really want, actually what I would really like, there are definitely plan111What I really want, actually what I would really like, there are definitely plan
>s I would like people out of the blue to give me, but what I would really like i>s I would like people out of the blue to give me, but what I would really like i
>s people to give me pictures of the garden from the middle of this century on.>s people to give me pictures of the garden from the middle of this century on.
112Because I have, like...112Because I have, like...
113I think it's that they don't have a lot of art in it, because they have many oth113I think it's that they don't have a lot of art in it, because they have many oth
>er, you know, the rest of it.>er, you know, the rest of it.
114I mean, even if they just put a note about having a baby.114I mean, even if they just put a note about having a baby.
115So if you do know people, feel free to drop it.115So if you do know people, feel free to drop it.
116Darn.116Darn.
117Feel free to drop it.117Feel free to drop it.
118Just give them the evidence that you know.118Just give them the evidence that you know.
119Yeah.119Yeah.
120Yeah.120Yeah.
121Well, my other problem is, I went to her farm, my Boston grounds, and I'm like, 121Well, my other problem is, I went to her farm, my Boston grounds, and I'm like, 
>you know, okay, I can work tonight.>you know, okay, I can work tonight.
122I can get people to do all that.122I can get people to do all that.
123But I'm trying to think about cacti.123But I'm trying to think about cacti.
124I know like California native plants, like heirloom vegetables.124I know like California native plants, like heirloom vegetables.
125I was like, that's okay.125I was like, that's okay.
126It's okay.126It's okay.
127Very quickly, very, very, very quickly.127Very quickly, very, very, very quickly.
128Thank you for coming! Well, it's really our volunteers.128Thank you for coming! Well, it's really our volunteers.
129Thanks for coming by.129Thanks for coming by.
130Bye.130Bye.
131I was going to do an interview, but you told me everything I needed to know.131I was going to do an interview, but you told me everything I needed to know.
132Oh, come on.132Oh, come on.
133Surely you can think of something else to ask.133Surely you can think of something else to ask.
134People find you.134People find you.
135Don't look.135Don't look.
136Yeah.136Yeah.
137Look over here.137Look over here.
138Look at the plant.138Look at the plant.
139Yeah.139Yeah.
140This is truly a work of love on your part, right?140This is truly a work of love on your part, right?
141Absolutely.141Absolutely.
142I mean, this garden is a very special place.142I mean, this garden is a very special place.
143And all of the volunteers who put so much of their effort into it, I mean, it's 143And all of the volunteers who put so much of their effort into it, I mean, it's 
>just a wonderful, wonderful effort.>just a wonderful, wonderful effort.
144And how much time a week do you put into this place?144And how much time a week do you put into this place?
145I'm employed in the Grants Department 20 hours a week, so, you know, occasionall145I'm employed in the Grants Department 20 hours a week, so, you know, occasionall
>y there's a few extra hours here and there.>y there's a few extra hours here and there.
146But pretty much it's a half-time commitment, and then I have my other half -time146But pretty much it's a half-time commitment, and then I have my other half -time
> job in archives.> job in archives.
147So I have more than enough to keep me busy.147So I have more than enough to keep me busy.
148Okay, what makes this place so special?148Okay, what makes this place so special?
149Well, there's not very many 19th century gardens left on the peninsula to begin 149Well, there's not very many 19th century gardens left on the peninsula to begin 
>with.>with.
150And then this garden itself is one of the earliest experiments with growing thes150And then this garden itself is one of the earliest experiments with growing thes
>e kind of plants, cacti and succulents outdoors not under glass that was one of >e kind of plants, cacti and succulents outdoors not under glass that was one of 
>the great innovations that the landscape architect who designed this garden Rudo>the great innovations that the landscape architect who designed this garden Rudo
>lph Ulrich made so in a certain way you can think of it as like the very very ea>lph Ulrich made so in a certain way you can think of it as like the very very ea
>rliest beginnings of xerophytic gardening in California that you know now we hav>rliest beginnings of xerophytic gardening in California that you know now we hav
>e all these drought tolerant gardens and this is one of the places it all starte>e all these drought tolerant gardens and this is one of the places it all starte
>d.>d.
151Wow.151Wow.
152Pretty cool.152Pretty cool.
153It is pretty cool and these plants do they have Do they have personalities for y153It is pretty cool and these plants do they have Do they have personalities for y
>ou?>ou?
154Not so much for me, except the prickly pears always seem to be trying to jump me154Not so much for me, except the prickly pears always seem to be trying to jump me
> and get a couple of spines in me.> and get a couple of spines in me.
155But I know a lot of my volunteers have particular affinities with particular kin155But I know a lot of my volunteers have particular affinities with particular kin
>ds of plants, and they're always, oh yes, she's happy today, oh he doesn't look >ds of plants, and they're always, oh yes, she's happy today, oh he doesn't look 
>too good.>too good.
156So I think they do have personalities.156So I think they do have personalities.
157You were talking a little bit before about the levels, there's four levels.157You were talking a little bit before about the levels, there's four levels.
158Tell me a little bit about that.158Tell me a little bit about that.
159Okay, Nancy Hardesty, the landscape architect who helped come up with this resto159Okay, Nancy Hardesty, the landscape architect who helped come up with this resto
>ration schema, it's a way that we can use donated plants and take what plant mat>ration schema, it's a way that we can use donated plants and take what plant mat
>erials are given to us and yet maintain some sort of visual uniformity and Victo>erials are given to us and yet maintain some sort of visual uniformity and Victo
>rian formalism in the garden.>rian formalism in the garden.
160This was originally a formal garden.160This was originally a formal garden.
161It's not, you know, a naturalistic run wild kind of garden, so there's a lot of 161It's not, you know, a naturalistic run wild kind of garden, so there's a lot of 
>symmetry, a lot of balance.>symmetry, a lot of balance.
162So what she did was create four general categories of plants.162So what she did was create four general categories of plants.
163There's A-type plants, which are really tall, big, massive plants when they're m163There's A-type plants, which are really tall, big, massive plants when they're m
>ature.>ature.
164They're the focal point of every bed, and there's 50-some-odd beds in the garden164They're the focal point of every bed, and there's 50-some-odd beds in the garden
>.>.
165So every bed, depending on size, should have one or two plants.165So every bed, depending on size, should have one or two plants.
166And an example of that would be this palm tree or this Yucca Follifera here.166And an example of that would be this palm tree or this Yucca Follifera here.
167They're just commanding plants.167They're just commanding plants.
168And then there's B-type plants, which are also large plants, but they're bulkier168And then there's B-type plants, which are also large plants, but they're bulkier
> and not as tall.> and not as tall.
169So those would ring the outside of the A-type plants.169So those would ring the outside of the A-type plants.
170And then there's C-type plants, which are, you know, a couple feet in diameter m170And then there's C-type plants, which are, you know, a couple feet in diameter m
>aximum.>aximum.
171maximum.171maximum.
172Those go outside the bee plants.172Those go outside the bee plants.
173And then D-type plants are ground cover and those go around the edges of all the173And then D-type plants are ground cover and those go around the edges of all the
> beds.> beds.
174So that allows us to have a pyramidal planting plan for every bed, but it doesn'174So that allows us to have a pyramidal planting plan for every bed, but it doesn'
>t constrain us with the type of plants because we are so dependent on donated pl>t constrain us with the type of plants because we are so dependent on donated pl
>ants.>ants.
175So it's worked really well.175So it's worked really well.
176Tell me your name and spell it so I don't waltz it up.176Tell me your name and spell it so I don't waltz it up.
177It's Christy.177It's Christy.
178It's Christy Smith, C -H-R-I-S-T-Y, and the last name is Smith, S-M-I-T-H.178It's Christy Smith, C -H-R-I-S-T-Y, and the last name is Smith, S-M-I-T-H.
179And give me a title.179And give me a title.
180volunteer coordinator Stanford Arizona Garden Project great now the palm trees i180volunteer coordinator Stanford Arizona Garden Project great now the palm trees i
>n a plant right okay that's an a plant okay give me a B plant oh and these are s>n a plant right okay that's an a plant okay give me a B plant oh and these are s
>ea plants oh good I love them oh they're beautiful and where's the D plant Profe>ea plants oh good I love them oh they're beautiful and where's the D plant Profe
>ssor Dudley who was a botanist here in the 20s and 20s.>ssor Dudley who was a botanist here in the 20s and 20s.
181Really?181Really?
182Yep.182Yep.
183So I'm working on a little Dudley Memorial Garden.183So I'm working on a little Dudley Memorial Garden.
184Now what I'd like to do...184Now what I'd like to do...
185Do you want to see the agave?185Do you want to see the agave?
186Yeah, I don't want to...186Yeah, I don't want to...
187The aloe polyphyllo, that's the one you probably want to still.187The aloe polyphyllo, that's the one you probably want to still.
188Yeah, that's the hot one.188Yeah, that's the hot one.
189And you're going to have to climb in the plants to see it.189And you're going to have to climb in the plants to see it.
190That's right.190That's right.
191I'm going to let you walk ahead of me.191I'm going to let you walk ahead of me.
192Alright, I'll put the doggy here.192Alright, I'll put the doggy here.
193That's okay.193That's okay.
194Sit.194Sit.
195Sit.195Sit.
196Stay.196Stay.
197And just talk to me about this.197And just talk to me about this.
198Alright, this is an aloe polyphylla.198Alright, this is an aloe polyphylla.
199It's called a spiral aloe.199It's called a spiral aloe.
200They've only come into cultivation recently.200They've only come into cultivation recently.
201As you can see, it's very geometric.201As you can see, it's very geometric.
202And this one spirals to the right and they come spiraling both ways.202And this one spirals to the right and they come spiraling both ways.
203There's one that spiraled to the left as well.203There's one that spiraled to the left as well.
204And I would dearly love to get another one that spirals the other way for the ga204And I would dearly love to get another one that spirals the other way for the ga
>rden.>rden.
205Tell me a little bit about this plant.205Tell me a little bit about this plant.
206This particular one?206This particular one?
207It's an aloe polyphylla.207It's an aloe polyphylla.
208It's a spiral aloe.208It's a spiral aloe.
209They come spiraled both ways.209They come spiraled both ways.
210This is a right spiraled one, but there are left spiraled ones as well, which I 210This is a right spiraled one, but there are left spiraled ones as well, which I 
>would love to get another one for the garden.>would love to get another one for the garden.
211And they've only fairly recently been brought into cultivation.211And they've only fairly recently been brought into cultivation.
212They're fascinating to look at because they are so geometric in their form.212They're fascinating to look at because they are so geometric in their form.
213And once they get established, you know, this will maybe triple in size and then213And once they get established, you know, this will maybe triple in size and then
> it makes offsets.> it makes offsets.
214So it'll actually, the spiral will split.214So it'll actually, the spiral will split.
215It's kind of like watching a cell divide and there will become two spirals and o215It's kind of like watching a cell divide and there will become two spirals and o
>ut of it when it gets, you know, about that size.>ut of it when it gets, you know, about that size.
216This is the hot plant.216This is the hot plant.
217This is one everybody wants to see, right?217This is one everybody wants to see, right?
218Well, a lot of people want to see it.218Well, a lot of people want to see it.
219They're not that common yet.219They're not that common yet.
220So I think it's just a spectacular plant.220So I think it's just a spectacular plant.
221No, it's just still.221No, it's just still.
222Yeah.222Yeah.
223Take a look.223Take a look.
224You can see it.224You can see it.
225Oh. Oh, yeah, that looks great.225Oh. Oh, yeah, that looks great.
226I got my little tweezers.226I got my little tweezers.
227I should be cleaning it out.227I should be cleaning it out.
228Here's a nice red stem.228Here's a nice red stem.
229And it's in the wrong place in the bed.229And it's in the wrong place in the bed.
230That's okay, we won't...230That's okay, we won't...
231And are the swirls new?231And are the swirls new?
232Um, they've been in the...232Um, they've been in the...
233I suppose one other thing to think about is the original pattern of them althoug233I suppose one other thing to think about is the original pattern of them althoug
>h we've had to dig them out from up to 12 inches of dirt oh hang on a second now>h we've had to dig them out from up to 12 inches of dirt oh hang on a second now
> you can talk to me over here oh thank god tell me about the rocks the rocks are> you can talk to me over here oh thank god tell me about the rocks the rocks are
> one of the really interesting historic features of the garden they're original.> one of the really interesting historic features of the garden they're original.
234I mean there's not that much that's, you know, left from when the garden was act234I mean there's not that much that's, you know, left from when the garden was act
>ually made, but the bed outline is all original.>ually made, but the bed outline is all original.
235The rocks were buried under up to 12 inches of dirt and we've hand excavated and235The rocks were buried under up to 12 inches of dirt and we've hand excavated and
> raised them and preserved the pattern.> raised them and preserved the pattern.
236So that really is, you know, the plants may be slightly different than what you 236So that really is, you know, the plants may be slightly different than what you 
>would have seen in the original garden, but the bed outline and sort of the quad>would have seen in the original garden, but the bed outline and sort of the quad
>rilateral symmetry of the garden is original and as close to the original as we >rilateral symmetry of the garden is original and as close to the original as we 
>can make it as we excavate it.>can make it as we excavate it.
237This place has real meaning as part of Stanford, doesn't it?237This place has real meaning as part of Stanford, doesn't it?
238Yeah.238Yeah.
239Talk to me about that.239Talk to me about that.
240This garden was originally going to be the backyard for the Stanford's house tha240This garden was originally going to be the backyard for the Stanford's house tha
>t was going to be where the mausoleum now stands, and it was built in the early >t was going to be where the mausoleum now stands, and it was built in the early 
>1880s before they had started construction on the house and before little Leland>1880s before they had started construction on the house and before little Leland
> died.> died.
241And as you know, construction on the house was put aside when he passed away and241And as you know, construction on the house was put aside when he passed away and
> they decided to found a university.> they decided to found a university.
242But the garden had already been made.242But the garden had already been made.
243So it was a garden designed for a residence.243So it was a garden designed for a residence.
244Rudolf Ulrich, who designed this garden, also designed a garden at the Hotel Del244Rudolf Ulrich, who designed this garden, also designed a garden at the Hotel Del
> Monte for Stanford's business partner, Charles Crocker.> Monte for Stanford's business partner, Charles Crocker.
245And it's very similar in certain ways, but it's also more open and more formal b245And it's very similar in certain ways, but it's also more open and more formal b
>ecause it was a public garden to go with a hotel, and this was a private garden.>ecause it was a public garden to go with a hotel, and this was a private garden.
246But yeah, it's a real early piece of Stanford history.246But yeah, it's a real early piece of Stanford history.
247There's not too many pieces of early Stanford history left that you can just wal247There's not too many pieces of early Stanford history left that you can just wal
>k through.>k through.
248Imagine what it would be like.248Imagine what it would be like.
249So I think it is a very special place.249So I think it is a very special place.
250What's the, what's the, tell me about the upside down carrot.250What's the, what's the, tell me about the upside down carrot.
251Oh, that's my very favorite tree.251Oh, that's my very favorite tree.
252That's a Bujum tree.252That's a Bujum tree.
253It's over there.253It's over there.
254It's named after the Lewis Carroll poem by whoever, I don't know who discovered 254It's named after the Lewis Carroll poem by whoever, I don't know who discovered 
>it, but it's native to Baja, California, and obviously they were a Lewis Carroll>it, but it's native to Baja, California, and obviously they were a Lewis Carroll
> fan.> fan.
255I think I really like it because in addition to it looking beautiful and unique,255I think I really like it because in addition to it looking beautiful and unique,
> it's the first large plant that I helped move into the garden.> it's the first large plant that I helped move into the garden.
256I didn't really know you could move plants that big and have them survive.256I didn't really know you could move plants that big and have them survive.
257and the tree crew guys that helped me move it didn't know that either because th257and the tree crew guys that helped me move it didn't know that either because th
>ey move oak trees they don't move succulent trunked cacti so so we had to prune >ey move oak trees they don't move succulent trunked cacti so so we had to prune 
>back all the branches we wadded up newspaper and stuffed them all between the br>back all the branches we wadded up newspaper and stuffed them all between the br
>anches then we wrapped it in in old sheets and then we build a framework of two >anches then we wrapped it in in old sheets and then we build a framework of two 
>by fours around it before we let the crane lift it up and then the guys excavate>by fours around it before we let the crane lift it up and then the guys excavate
>d the root ball and bald and burlap tit and we brought it here and put it into p>d the root ball and bald and burlap tit and we brought it here and put it into p
>lace with a crane and it grew it was so exciting so I'm very very attached to th>lace with a crane and it grew it was so exciting so I'm very very attached to th
>at particular plant.>at particular plant.
258It's like a child for you.258It's like a child for you.
259Yeah, yeah.259Yeah, yeah.
260Well, yeah probably.260Well, yeah probably.
261And who is this person?261And who is this person?
262Who's this guy?262Who's this guy?
263Hey Uzo, can you say hello?263Hey Uzo, can you say hello?
264This is my little garden mascot.264This is my little garden mascot.
265Yes, she helps us keep the ground squirrels away.265Yes, she helps us keep the ground squirrels away.
266We have a lot of ground squirrel damage in the garden.266We have a lot of ground squirrel damage in the garden.
267But she comes out and keeps me company too.267But she comes out and keeps me company too.
268Yeah, she's a sweetheart.268Yeah, she's a sweetheart.
269Hi Lisa, how you doing?269Hi Lisa, how you doing?
270She says Uzo, my name is Uzo.270She says Uzo, my name is Uzo.
271Yeah, that's a cute puppy.271Yeah, that's a cute puppy.
272Cute puppy dog.272Cute puppy dog.
273She says that she just loves the fact that I have this job.273She says that she just loves the fact that I have this job.
274Oh, I bet she does.274Oh, I bet she does.
275Now I gotta take a picture of the carrot.275Now I gotta take a picture of the carrot.
276Yeah.276Yeah.
277One of my volunteers is coming down here with a large format negative camera and277One of my volunteers is coming down here with a large format negative camera and
> taking pictures of it.> taking pictures of it.
t278Give me a this! And then...t278Come here, nurse.
279I'm going to go make a couple of...279I'm going to go make a couple of...
280They're very vicious.280They're very vicious.
281Are they?281Are they?
282Yes.282Yes.
283Detriment.283Detriment.
284They're small and they break off and they're very sharp and you get them in your284They're small and they break off and they're very sharp and you get them in your
> skin and you can't see them to get them out and they can get infected and painf> skin and you can't see them to get them out and they can get infected and painf
>ul.>ul.
285What do they call?285What do they call?
286The little fuzzy things are called blockets.286The little fuzzy things are called blockets.
287And so they look beautiful.287And so they look beautiful.
288They look friendly.288They look friendly.
289they don't look very spiky at all but they're bad news.289they don't look very spiky at all but they're bad news.
290Watch out.290Watch out.
291If you look at this one over here this is another kind of prickly pear and you c291If you look at this one over here this is another kind of prickly pear and you c
>an see this has the combination of spines and glochids.>an see this has the combination of spines and glochids.
292Which one is that?292Which one is that?
293The purple one over here.293The purple one over here.
294Yeah this one only has the glochids.294Yeah this one only has the glochids.
295This one has the combination of both.295This one has the combination of both.
296So that genus comes with a whole range from like lots of spines and few glochids296So that genus comes with a whole range from like lots of spines and few glochids
> to all glochids and no spines.> to all glochids and no spines.
297But these are more obvious that you shouldn't touch them.297But these are more obvious that you shouldn't touch them.
298Let's see what that one's going to do.298Let's see what that one's going to do.
299That's pretty awesome.299That's pretty awesome.
300Which means that I get nice clean shots.300Which means that I get nice clean shots.
301I'm already consumed with envy for your camera stuff.301I'm already consumed with envy for your camera stuff.
302I'm sorry.302I'm sorry.
303And I guess one of the other really special things about this garden is that the303And I guess one of the other really special things about this garden is that the
>re's almost always something in bloom.>re's almost always something in bloom.
304Hang on one second.304Hang on one second.
305Start up.305Start up.
306Okay.306Okay.
307One of the other really great things about this garden is that there's always so307One of the other really great things about this garden is that there's always so
>mething in bloom year round.>mething in bloom year round.
308So even now that it's the middle of January, we've got aloes blooming, and this 308So even now that it's the middle of January, we've got aloes blooming, and this 
>giant agave here is starting to think about blooming.>giant agave here is starting to think about blooming.
309So it's sending up its big flower spike, and it'll bloom sometime over the next 309So it's sending up its big flower spike, and it'll bloom sometime over the next 
>couple months and set seed and produce some offsets, and it will die.>couple months and set seed and produce some offsets, and it will die.
310But it will leave plenty of babies behind it.310But it will leave plenty of babies behind it.
311So it's pretty spectacular to watch the things in bloom, even in the middle of w311So it's pretty spectacular to watch the things in bloom, even in the middle of w
>inter.>inter.
312Now, the giant...312Now, the giant...
313Now, I'm going to shoot the carrot before I forget it.313Now, I'm going to shoot the carrot before I forget it.
314It's a lovely place.314It's a lovely place.
315If you want ideas on your scale of flexibility.315If you want ideas on your scale of flexibility.
316It's just wonderful.316It's just wonderful.
317Yeah, and Nancy earned every bit that we paid.317Yeah, and Nancy earned every bit that we paid.
318Yeah, that big one is really big.318Yeah, that big one is really big.
319Lovely.319Lovely.
320Now these rocks are all original, right?320Now these rocks are all original, right?
321Well, the ones that look really older...321Well, the ones that look really older...
322...and Morgan Hill.322...and Morgan Hill.
323It's just great.323It's just great.
324Do you know anything about cactus?324Do you know anything about cactus?
325A little bit.325A little bit.
326You need to know anything about cactus?326You need to know anything about cactus?
327Go ahead.327Go ahead.
328I was just always wondering, they tend to grow that white stuff that's on that o328I was just always wondering, they tend to grow that white stuff that's on that o
>ne.>ne.
329Go ahead.329Go ahead.
330That's, um...330That's, um...
331Walk over here.331Walk over here.
332I'm holding it.332I'm holding it.
333Isn't that some poison?333Isn't that some poison?
334No, it's just a white fluff that they make.334No, it's just a white fluff that they make.
335And certain species of cactus have it.335And certain species of cactus have it.
336It's usually in the genus Oreosurius and they're called old man cacti.336It's usually in the genus Oreosurius and they're called old man cacti.
337They just put out, that's one of the sort of protective things they have.337They just put out, that's one of the sort of protective things they have.
338It gives them a little protection from hot sun and probably a little frost prote338It gives them a little protection from hot sun and probably a little frost prote
>ction as well.>ction as well.
339It's not strychnine?339It's not strychnine?
340No, it's not strychnine.340No, it's not strychnine.
341Because there was this, you guys used to have cactuses stacked around over there341Because there was this, you guys used to have cactuses stacked around over there
> waiting for you to plant it or whatever.> waiting for you to plant it or whatever.
342Uh huh.342Uh huh.
343And it was during the summertime and it was covered with that white stuff.343And it was during the summertime and it was covered with that white stuff.
344Well there's other kinds of white stuff.344Well there's other kinds of white stuff.
345There's an infestation called like cotton stain.345There's an infestation called like cotton stain.
346Cotton stain.346Cotton stain.
347Cotton stain.347Cotton stain.
348Cotton stain.348Cotton stain.
349Uh huh.349Uh huh.
350Cotton stain.350Cotton stain.
351Cotton stain.351Cotton stain.
352Uh huh, interesting.352Uh huh, interesting.
353Yeah, yeah.353Yeah, yeah.
354Yeah.354Yeah.
355Oh well, you know, you never know what these stories will do.355Oh well, you know, you never know what these stories will do.
356You might agree that's what people do in the practice.356You might agree that's what people do in the practice.
357But they're just pieces of plant material.357But they're just pieces of plant material.
358They're not people who talk about anything about it.358They're not people who talk about anything about it.
359I couldn't say.359I couldn't say.
360Goodbye.360Goodbye.
361Sorry?361Sorry?
362That's a baby soil.362That's a baby soil.
363That's what they look like.363That's what they look like.
364I hear they grow something like an inch a year.364I hear they grow something like an inch a year.
365I'm sorry.365I'm sorry.
366Working away.366Working away.
367There's nothing like getting muddy and dirty in the pursuit of your job.367There's nothing like getting muddy and dirty in the pursuit of your job.
368They have to be thinned out anyway, because otherwise they'll just totally grow 368They have to be thinned out anyway, because otherwise they'll just totally grow 
>over each other and get crowded out.>over each other and get crowded out.
369As much easier to do when the dirt is soft.369As much easier to do when the dirt is soft.
370Yes I'm going to go find some more cerns.370Yes I'm going to go find some more cerns.
371Okay.371Okay.
372So this is how you propagate cern cactus, but hopefully nobody will get ideas an372So this is how you propagate cern cactus, but hopefully nobody will get ideas an
>d come in here and start taking things.>d come in here and start taking things.
373We do have occasional problems with that.373We do have occasional problems with that.
374The great thing about these is they have to harden off, so they have to callus o374The great thing about these is they have to harden off, so they have to callus o
>ver before you plant them in the ground, so you can leave them sitting around fo>ver before you plant them in the ground, so you can leave them sitting around fo
>r a couple of weeks before you plant them.>r a couple of weeks before you plant them.
375Okay, now I'm going to just let you work and...375Okay, now I'm going to just let you work and...
376in.376in.
377All right.377All right.
378Alright, should we go paint some more?378Alright, should we go paint some more?
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+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/br525sp8033_FV4289_v4_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/br525sp8033_FV4289_v4_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..287c649 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/br525sp8033_FV4289_v4_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:04.120 --> 00:06.520 +Древнейший русский город Смоленск, + +00:06.620 --> 00:08.640 +превращенный немцами в развальны. + +00:13.400 --> 00:15.440 +Разрушенная электростанция. + +00:20.540 --> 00:22.940 +Взорванные водонасосные башни. + +00:26.500 --> 00:28.780 +Уничтоженный трамвайный парк. + +00:32.660 --> 00:35.640 +здание, в котором помещались городские + +00:35.640 --> 00:36.360 +учреждения. + +00:44.100 --> 00:47.060 +Здесь находился льнокомбинат имени + +00:47.060 --> 00:50.480 +Андреева. Немцы увезли станки, котлы, + +00:50.560 --> 00:53.840 +рельсы и другое оборудование в Германию и + +00:53.840 --> 00:55.160 +уничтожили комбинат. + +01:07.960 --> 01:10.520 +Разрушенные здания клинической больницы, + +01:10.600 --> 01:13.720 +размещавшиеся в 20 корпусах. Немцы + +01:13.720 --> 01:16.160 +взорвали и сожгли здания лечебных + +01:16.160 --> 01:17.320 +учреждений Смоленска. + +01:23.140 --> 01:26.100 +Здания средней школы уничтожены так же, + +01:26.180 --> 01:28.880 +как и здания других 21 школ Смоленска. + +01:30.000 --> 01:36.240 +Здесь были детские ясли. Это развалины + +01:36.240 --> 01:37.160 +дворца пионеров. + +01:40.040 --> 01:43.140 +Набережные улицы, разрушенные немцами. + +01:57.000 --> 01:59.620 +Взорванная и сожженная улица Дзержинского, + +01:59.840 --> 02:01.500 +главная улица города. + +02:19.500 --> 02:22.680 +Перед отступлением немцы заминировали + +02:22.680 --> 02:25.360 +здание города. Некоторые дома удалось + +02:25.360 --> 02:30.240 +спасти. Саперы извлекают и обезвреживают + +02:30.240 --> 02:33.260 +мины и бомбы, заложенные немцами и не + +02:33.260 --> 02:34.780 +успевшие еще взорваться + +02:59.760 --> 03:04.500 +Смоленск. В Брянске немцами разрушено 7300 + +03:04.500 --> 03:05.800 +домов. + +03:15.180 --> 03:18.640 +Брянск. Старинный город, впервые + +03:18.640 --> 03:21.920 +упоминаемый летописями в 1146 году. + +03:22.440 --> 03:24.080 +Взорванный и сожженный немцами + +03:24.080 --> 03:27.300 +преступление. Разрушенный дом советов. + +03:28.760 --> 03:31.080 +Здание, в котором помещалась + +03:31.080 --> 03:32.720 +железнодорожная больница. + +03:42.580 --> 03:45.460 +Уничтоженные промышленные предприятия. + +03:55.100 --> 03:58.880 +Город Курск Один из старейших русских + +03:58.880 --> 04:02.860 +городов Существующий с 11 века Крупный + +04:02.860 --> 04:04.460 +областной культурный центр + +04:09.020 --> 04:12.600 +Немцы произвели в Курске Огромное + +04:12.600 --> 04:13.280 +разрушение + +04:30.160 --> 04:36.100 +Орел. Город, существующий с 1564 года. + +04:36.640 --> 04:38.740 +Город с большим количеством учебных + +04:38.740 --> 04:41.320 +заведений и хозяйственных предприятий, + +04:41.320 --> 04:45.040 +разорен и сожжен отступавшими немцами. + +04:46.960 --> 04:49.240 +Развалины зданий, в которых помещались + +04:49.240 --> 04:50.560 +городские учреждения. + +04:55.280 --> 04:58.800 +Это разрушенные жилые дома. + +05:03.660 --> 05:06.760 +тысячи жителей орла остались без крова + +05:17.940 --> 05:22.720 +это новгород древнейший русский город он + +05:22.720 --> 05:26.520 +выстроен в девятом веке до войны новгород + +05:26.520 --> 05:28.760 +Город был крупным научным и культурным + +05:28.760 --> 05:31.500 +центром. В нем сохранились исторические + +05:31.500 --> 05:34.480 +памятники русского искусства и культуры. + +05:37.700 --> 05:43.360 +Немцы сожгли и разрушили город. Из 2346 + +05:43.360 --> 05:47.640 +жилых домов в Новгороде сохранилось только + +05:47.640 --> 05:48.100 +40. + +05:59.200 --> 06:00.720 +Город Сольцы. + +06:14.900 --> 06:17.700 +Немцы разрушали не только крупные + +06:17.700 --> 06:20.580 +административные центры, но и небольшие + +06:20.580 --> 06:20.860 +города. + +06:26.520 --> 06:27.620 +Город Вязьма. + +06:35.220 --> 06:37.300 +Город Гжатск. + +06:44.680 --> 06:46.840 +Город Вишневец. + +06:53.780 --> 06:55.780 +Город Юхнов. + +07:01.360 --> 07:03.200 +Город Епифань. + +07:12.000 --> 07:13.620 +Город Холм. + +07:20.620 --> 07:22.140 +Город Дно. + +07:29.040 --> 07:31.240 +Город Старая Русска. + +07:37.640 --> 07:40.040 +Город Великие Луки. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/br525sp8033_FV4289_v4_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/br525sp8033_FV4289_v4_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..287c649 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/br525sp8033_FV4289_v4_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:04.120 --> 00:06.520 +Древнейший русский город Смоленск, + +00:06.620 --> 00:08.640 +превращенный немцами в развальны. + +00:13.400 --> 00:15.440 +Разрушенная электростанция. + +00:20.540 --> 00:22.940 +Взорванные водонасосные башни. + +00:26.500 --> 00:28.780 +Уничтоженный трамвайный парк. + +00:32.660 --> 00:35.640 +здание, в котором помещались городские + +00:35.640 --> 00:36.360 +учреждения. + +00:44.100 --> 00:47.060 +Здесь находился льнокомбинат имени + +00:47.060 --> 00:50.480 +Андреева. Немцы увезли станки, котлы, + +00:50.560 --> 00:53.840 +рельсы и другое оборудование в Германию и + +00:53.840 --> 00:55.160 +уничтожили комбинат. + +01:07.960 --> 01:10.520 +Разрушенные здания клинической больницы, + +01:10.600 --> 01:13.720 +размещавшиеся в 20 корпусах. Немцы + +01:13.720 --> 01:16.160 +взорвали и сожгли здания лечебных + +01:16.160 --> 01:17.320 +учреждений Смоленска. + +01:23.140 --> 01:26.100 +Здания средней школы уничтожены так же, + +01:26.180 --> 01:28.880 +как и здания других 21 школ Смоленска. + +01:30.000 --> 01:36.240 +Здесь были детские ясли. Это развалины + +01:36.240 --> 01:37.160 +дворца пионеров. + +01:40.040 --> 01:43.140 +Набережные улицы, разрушенные немцами. + +01:57.000 --> 01:59.620 +Взорванная и сожженная улица Дзержинского, + +01:59.840 --> 02:01.500 +главная улица города. + +02:19.500 --> 02:22.680 +Перед отступлением немцы заминировали + +02:22.680 --> 02:25.360 +здание города. Некоторые дома удалось + +02:25.360 --> 02:30.240 +спасти. Саперы извлекают и обезвреживают + +02:30.240 --> 02:33.260 +мины и бомбы, заложенные немцами и не + +02:33.260 --> 02:34.780 +успевшие еще взорваться + +02:59.760 --> 03:04.500 +Смоленск. В Брянске немцами разрушено 7300 + +03:04.500 --> 03:05.800 +домов. + +03:15.180 --> 03:18.640 +Брянск. Старинный город, впервые + +03:18.640 --> 03:21.920 +упоминаемый летописями в 1146 году. + +03:22.440 --> 03:24.080 +Взорванный и сожженный немцами + +03:24.080 --> 03:27.300 +преступление. Разрушенный дом советов. + +03:28.760 --> 03:31.080 +Здание, в котором помещалась + +03:31.080 --> 03:32.720 +железнодорожная больница. + +03:42.580 --> 03:45.460 +Уничтоженные промышленные предприятия. + +03:55.100 --> 03:58.880 +Город Курск Один из старейших русских + +03:58.880 --> 04:02.860 +городов Существующий с 11 века Крупный + +04:02.860 --> 04:04.460 +областной культурный центр + +04:09.020 --> 04:12.600 +Немцы произвели в Курске Огромное + +04:12.600 --> 04:13.280 +разрушение + +04:30.160 --> 04:36.100 +Орел. Город, существующий с 1564 года. + +04:36.640 --> 04:38.740 +Город с большим количеством учебных + +04:38.740 --> 04:41.320 +заведений и хозяйственных предприятий, + +04:41.320 --> 04:45.040 +разорен и сожжен отступавшими немцами. + +04:46.960 --> 04:49.240 +Развалины зданий, в которых помещались + +04:49.240 --> 04:50.560 +городские учреждения. + +04:55.280 --> 04:58.800 +Это разрушенные жилые дома. + +05:03.660 --> 05:06.760 +тысячи жителей орла остались без крова + +05:17.940 --> 05:22.720 +это новгород древнейший русский город он + +05:22.720 --> 05:26.520 +выстроен в девятом веке до войны новгород + +05:26.520 --> 05:28.760 +Город был крупным научным и культурным + +05:28.760 --> 05:31.500 +центром. В нем сохранились исторические + +05:31.500 --> 05:34.480 +памятники русского искусства и культуры. + +05:37.700 --> 05:43.360 +Немцы сожгли и разрушили город. Из 2346 + +05:43.360 --> 05:47.640 +жилых домов в Новгороде сохранилось только + +05:47.640 --> 05:48.100 +40. + +05:59.200 --> 06:00.720 +Город Сольцы. + +06:14.900 --> 06:17.700 +Немцы разрушали не только крупные + +06:17.700 --> 06:20.580 +административные центры, но и небольшие + +06:20.580 --> 06:20.860 +города. + +06:26.520 --> 06:27.620 +Город Вязьма. + +06:35.220 --> 06:37.300 +Город Гжатск. + +06:44.680 --> 06:46.840 +Город Вишневец. + +06:53.780 --> 06:55.780 +Город Юхнов. + +07:01.360 --> 07:03.200 +Город Епифань. + +07:12.000 --> 07:13.620 +Город Холм. + +07:20.620 --> 07:22.140 +Город Дно. + +07:29.040 --> 07:31.240 +Город Старая Русска. + +07:37.640 --> 07:40.040 +Город Великие Луки. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bs744dg5568_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bs744dg5568_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..62f50b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bs744dg5568_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,902 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:28.280 --> 00:29.980 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +00:41.220 --> 00:59.560 +ご視聴 + +00:59.560 --> 00:59.940 +ありがとうございました + +01:15.800 --> 01:24.480 +今東京都庭園美術館でアメリカに生きた日系人画家たち希望と苦悩の反省期という展覧会が開 + +01:24.480 --> 01:25.080 +かれています + +01:34.000 --> 01:44.300 +この展覧会は終戦50年を記念して企画されたもので国吉康夫、ヘンリー杉本、薄井文平など + +01:44.300 --> 01:49.620 +アメリカで活躍した画家たちの作品180点が展示されています + +02:10.860 --> 02:21.320 +中でも一際目を引くのが共生収容所の中で描かれた日系人画家たちの作品です彼らは収容所の + +02:21.320 --> 02:26.760 +中で屈辱に耐えながら絵画によって希望を見出そうと絵筆を取りました + +02:37.640 --> 02:46.500 +こんにちは今日は第二次大戦中アメリカの日系人収容所の中で絵を描き続けました尾端千浦 + +02:46.500 --> 02:53.260 +という画家とその仲間たちにスポットを当てたいと思います僕もチェーン美術館で拝見して + +02:53.260 --> 02:58.000 +きたんですけれどもアメリカで活躍した日本人の画家というのは例えば国有志康夫さんのよう + +02:58.000 --> 03:04.840 +なそういう方はすでに日本で有名ですよねだけどこの今世紀の初頭からずっと50年間ぐらい + +03:04.840 --> 03:10.860 +にあんなにたくさんの方が向こうに渡って絵を描いていたという事実は僕もある意味では初 + +03:10.860 --> 03:15.160 +めてで非常にびっくりしたんですよね尾端千代という名前はご存知でしたか全然知らなかった + +03:15.160 --> 03:20.400 +んですよやっぱり非常に印象的で素晴らしい絵を描いていらっしゃるのでなんで今まで知らな + +03:20.400 --> 03:25.420 +かったんだろうと思って非常にやっぱり自分の不勉強を恥じたという私も尾端千代今回初めて + +03:25.420 --> 03:31.060 +知ったんですけれどもその収容所の中で文化とそして自分たち人間性を守ろうということでず + +03:31.060 --> 03:36.720 +っと絵を描いてきたわけなんですがそのリーダーが尾端千浦だったわけですねその尾端千浦は + +03:36.720 --> 03:42.360 +アメリカの西海岸の美術運動にも大きな影響を与えた人なんですがアメリカ西海岸に取材に行 + +03:42.360 --> 03:42.640 +ってきました + +03:49.000 --> 03:57.900 +アメリカの西海岸 サンフランシスコ古くから日系移民の多かったこの町が尾端千浦とその仲 + +03:57.900 --> 04:00.000 +間たちの活動の舞台となりました + +04:03.980 --> 04:10.500 +ノンフィクションライターの下島哲郎さんは10年以上にわたって収容所の日系人画家たちを + +04:10.500 --> 04:19.380 +取材してきました何度もここへ通って関係者の話を聞くうちに収容所の生活に意外な側面があ + +04:19.380 --> 04:21.960 +ったことを発見したとと下島さんは言います + +04:24.760 --> 04:34.320 +4年間という長い収容所生活が絵のために非常に充実しそしてむしろ楽しんだというような + +04:34.320 --> 04:42.120 +ことをおっしゃる人が多数いらっしゃるんですね収容所時代が充実していたとそうですね + +04:46.220 --> 04:55.520 +それで驚いたといいますか意外に思いましてますます調べていくうちに3年ほど前に尾端千浦 + +04:55.520 --> 05:06.120 +さんという画家と出会ったんですその尾端さんという画家は収容所の中に美術学校を作る + +05:06.120 --> 05:16.520 +んですその美術学校から多くの画家たちが輩出してきたということが分かってきました日本画 + +05:16.520 --> 05:26.580 +家尾端千浦は1903年明治36年にアメリカに渡りました墨絵や水彩画で西海岸の美術界の + +05:26.580 --> 05:31.740 +注目を集め後にカリフォルニア大学バークレー校の教授に抜擢されました + +05:36.360 --> 05:40.320 +尾端千浦が亡くなるまで住んでいたバークレーの家を訪ねました + +05:44.700 --> 05:45.180 +こんにちは + +05:50.800 --> 05:59.400 +おばたさんのお嬢さんのゆりさんですよろしくお願いします桜井ですよろしくお願いします + +06:01.720 --> 06:11.980 +映画でもありますねあれもそうですかパパが描きましたマグノリアとブルージェイマグノリア + +06:11.980 --> 06:13.320 +モクレの花そう + +06:16.060 --> 06:27.580 +花と鳥とても好きだったの描くのCG描きましたアトリエはありませんでしたいつも家族に囲 + +06:27.580 --> 06:36.580 +まれてダイニングルームで絵を描いていたということですここがじゃあアトリエ代わりでどこ + +06:36.580 --> 06:43.240 +に座って書いてらっしゃるんですか?こっちに座って、ウィンドウがみんな開けて、とっても + +06:43.240 --> 06:46.120 +好きだった、ここでやるの。へぇー。 + +06:48.560 --> 06:54.820 +どんな風にして書いてらっしゃるんでしょうね。覚えてらっしゃいますか?そう、パパはベー + +06:54.820 --> 07:02.240 +スボールとっても好きだった。野球が。そう。だから、レディオを耳に入れて、こうやって書 + +07:02.240 --> 07:13.500 +いて。聞きながらそう時々ジャイアンツが負けたああって怒ってせっかく書いていた絵がダメ + +07:13.500 --> 07:17.080 +になってそういうこともあったかもしれませんね + +07:22.260 --> 07:28.620 +尾端千浦は1885年明治18年岡山県に生まれました + +07:34.820 --> 07:42.260 +本名佐藤造六5歳の時に仙台に住む兄六一の養子になりました + +07:46.600 --> 07:56.720 +千浦7歳の時の絵ですもともと絵の得意だった千浦は日本画家だった六一の影響を受け自らも + +07:56.720 --> 07:58.240 +画家になることを決意します + +08:03.280 --> 08:11.660 +六一の厳しい指導を受けたチューラはわずか17歳で日本美術院展同杯を受賞一躍脚光を浴び + +08:11.660 --> 08:16.900 +ましたしかし翌年には突然アメリカに渡りました + +08:22.720 --> 08:33.440 +世界は広く何億万人もの人たちがいますされど私の真に頼むべき真に語るべき真に楽しむべき + +08:33.440 --> 08:43.020 +は皆様だけですこの離れがたき皆様のもとを去り遠く異郷に来て真苦観難ものともせず成功を + +08:43.020 --> 08:51.520 +希望するのです決して大きな贅沢なる家で美しい着物を着おいしいものを食べたいというわけ + +08:51.520 --> 08:59.060 +ではありません必ずや天下に尾端千浦の書であると言わせる策を成して帰ります + +09:12.740 --> 09:20.020 +アメリカに渡った千浦はスクールボーイをしたり日経新聞のイラストを書いて生活を始めます + +09:24.040 --> 09:30.420 +都米して9年目27歳の時に書いた千浦書記の代表作です + +09:37.420 --> 09:42.900 +大地に立つおゆうしい少女は結婚して間もない新妻春子です + +09:50.600 --> 09:59.380 +うっそうとした杉こだち太い幹や枝の一本一本が墨の濃淡によって巧みにかき分けられて + +09:59.380 --> 09:59.660 +います + +10:09.080 --> 10:15.160 +足元には大地から生命を受けた小さな草が群生し花を結んでいます + +10:25.920 --> 10:34.200 +すでに新しい命を宿していたハルコの期待と不安が夜明けの透明な空気の中で象徴的に描か + +10:34.200 --> 10:34.600 +れています + +10:45.980 --> 10:53.080 +母なる大地を描くことによってアメリカでの日本画の新境地を開いた千浦は創作意欲をかきた + +10:53.080 --> 11:02.080 +てられ次々と新しいテーマを求めて旅を重ねます膨大な作品が地下の倉庫に残っていました + +11:05.600 --> 11:13.040 +その絵はそれはどこを描いたのですかこれはヨセミテの戦争前の1938年に作られた絵 + +11:13.040 --> 11:22.260 +です。ヨセミテを描いているんですね。はい。おばあちゃんは、毎年夏にヨセミテに行って、 + +11:22.500 --> 11:28.520 +絵を描いて、魚を釣っていました。はい、そうです。戦前ですね、そうしましたね。 + +11:48.480 --> 11:51.640 +寄せ見て国立公園の渓谷を襲う嵐 + +11:56.920 --> 12:00.080 +雄大な自然の変化をダイナミックに描いています + +12:15.360 --> 12:23.300 +1927年尾端千浦はカリフォルニア大学バークレー校の美術教授ワースライダーとともに寄 + +12:23.300 --> 12:31.200 +せ見てを訪れましたそして2ヶ月にわたってキャンプ生活をしながら寄せ見ての大自然を描き + +12:31.200 --> 12:31.420 +ました + +12:39.080 --> 12:45.820 +当時ヨセミテはアメリカの代表的な継承地として多くの画家によって描き尽くされていました + +12:52.520 --> 13:00.200 +しかし日本画家尾端千浦の描いたヨセミテは今までにないヨセミテの姿をアメリカ人に感じさ + +13:00.200 --> 13:36.720 +せたのです千浦のヨセミテシリーズは彼の評価をなお一層高めました音楽 + +13:37.260 --> 13:45.780 +本鳥から南に行ったところです。松が真ん中にあって、いかにも日本的ですね。そうですね。 + +13:45.780 --> 13:57.000 +千浦は5歳から仙台で育っています。多分、頭の片隅に松島湾の風景が残っていると思います + +13:57.000 --> 14:06.460 +が、千浦という名前も松島湾から取ったものなんですね。じゃあそういう風景を探して描いた + +14:06.460 --> 14:13.940 +んでしょうね頭の片隅にいつもあってアメリカのカリフォルニアをさまよったんじゃないか + +14:13.940 --> 14:14.420 +と思います + +14:19.560 --> 14:31.020 +アメリカの名門校 カリフォルニア大学バークレー校寄せ見てから戻った尾端千浦はこの大学 + +14:31.020 --> 14:33.080 +の日本画の講師として招かれました + +14:41.740 --> 14:52.120 +雨をかきたいならば雨に打たれよ風をかきたいならば風に吹かれよそして何千もの心のレンズ + +14:52.120 --> 14:53.360 +を通して書きなさい + +14:57.460 --> 15:01.540 +チューラの講義は学生たちの絶大なる支持を受けました + +15:09.940 --> 15:18.340 +小畑チューラはバークレーのキャンパスの絵を幾枚も残していますけれどもこの塔もそのうち + +15:18.340 --> 15:20.900 +の一つで星座タワーといいますが + +15:23.640 --> 15:33.000 +素晴らしい塔ですね青い空ときちっとなんとも上手い具合にマッチしてましたねどんな思いで + +15:33.000 --> 15:42.340 +見てたんでしょうかねこの空にすくっと伸びる塔をそうですねちょうどその時代というのは尾 + +15:42.340 --> 15:51.400 +端千浦が上昇気流に乗っている時代ですから多分その気分とピタッと合ってたんじゃないかと + +15:51.400 --> 15:59.560 +は思いますけどね空にすっくと伸びているとこのカリフォルニアの青い空がチューラ独特の色 + +15:59.560 --> 16:01.980 +でチューラブルーと呼ばれているんです + +16:09.900 --> 16:13.480 +絹地に岩絵の具で描かれた山上の湖 + +16:18.220 --> 16:24.920 +チューラブルーと呼ばれた青が幾重にも塗り重ねられ湖の神秘を際立たせています + +16:57.660 --> 17:13.060 +ご視聴 + +17:13.060 --> 17:13.460 +ありがとうございました + +17:26.140 --> 17:37.920 +ご視聴 + +17:37.920 --> 17:43.420 +ありがとうございました + +17:46.200 --> 17:50.240 +線と色彩で躍動的な女性たちを描き出しています + +17:54.240 --> 17:59.340 +1930年代アメリカでは新しい美術の動きが出ていました + +18:03.900 --> 18:09.060 +この作品にも当時のアメリカ中小表現主義の影響が伺えます + +18:18.180 --> 18:27.320 +尾端千浦はアメリカと日本の2つの異なる文化を見事に融合させた芸術家だと思いますサンフ + +18:27.320 --> 18:35.060 +ランシスコの作家マキシンホン・キングストンがこう言っています日本の風景を見て訓練を積 + +18:35.060 --> 18:43.220 +んできた尾端教授の目にはモントレーやヨセミテの風景の中に本当のカリフォルニアの姿がく + +18:43.220 --> 18:53.580 +っきりと見えていたと全くその通りで彼にはその風景の持つ最も詩的な瞬間を捉える目が備わ + +18:53.580 --> 18:54.340 +っていたのです + +19:00.780 --> 19:07.220 +1941年太平洋戦争が始まる直前に書かれた地滑り + +19:15.320 --> 19:16.160 +地滑り + +19:20.420 --> 19:27.900 +崩れ去っていく土砂の中央に身を寄せる小さな人々の姿に日系人たちの不安が表現されて + +19:27.900 --> 19:28.180 +います + +19:34.580 --> 19:43.800 +1942年2月ルーズベルト大統領令によって西海岸の日系人およそ12万人が適正外国人と + +19:43.800 --> 19:52.200 +して強制収容されることになりました尾端千浦も家族とともにサンフランシスコの南のタンホ + +19:52.200 --> 20:00.740 +ランにある仮収容所に入れられますタンホランの集合場所に集まった日のことを覚えていらっ + +20:00.740 --> 20:11.000 +しゃいますかそう、あの日は雨が降ってとても悲しがって、バス乗って、ベイブリッジに行 + +20:11.000 --> 20:20.320 +って、タンフランに来ました。馬のステーブルに入れました。馬の急車。そう、だからあの時 + +20:20.320 --> 20:29.780 +私13だったから馬とっても好きで、四重に乗りました。だから、馬のステーブルに住んで + +20:29.780 --> 20:41.100 +いるから喜んで入りました。結衣さんは嬉しかったんですか?そう。ママががっかりして、ア + +20:41.100 --> 20:49.680 +ーミーのベッドがあって、マットレスにストローが入って、そこに座って、ママが泣いてしま + +20:49.680 --> 20:56.480 +ったの。ママは死ぬ、寝る、泣かない人だった。とっても強い。だから私びっくりして、なぜ + +20:56.480 --> 21:05.220 +泣いているのか聞いた。お前のところに住んでる。ああ、もう、そう悲しい。だから私、 + +21:05.480 --> 21:07.600 +そんなこと考えなかったね。 + +21:15.240 --> 21:24.800 +泥海とはよく言った。とんでもないデイネイタ泥に足を取られあえぎあえぎやっと馬小屋へ転 + +21:24.800 --> 21:32.740 +がり込んで果たして泣かなかった者が幾人あろうそして我々のタンフォーランにおける生活が + +21:32.740 --> 21:33.580 +始められた + +21:39.580 --> 21:49.580 +日本を遠く離れ異郷の地で永遠と築いてきたものすべてを失ってしまった日系人たち絶望の淵 + +21:49.580 --> 22:00.740 +に追いやられた姿を見て尾端千浦は美術学校の開設を思い立ちます開校は収容されてから25 + +22:00.740 --> 22:01.980 +日目のことです + +22:09.360 --> 22:18.560 +長年住み慣れし都を離れ浮草の境遇と似たる生活に入ったのでありますが若き人幼き人の先行 + +22:18.560 --> 22:27.880 +きを思うとき明日に希望を捨てることはできません来る日の準備をすべく今一日一日を新た + +22:27.880 --> 22:35.420 +なる希望を持っていかなくてはいけません以上の趣旨でここにタンフォーラン美術学校を設立 + +22:35.420 --> 22:36.040 +いたします + +22:46.560 --> 22:51.440 +日系人の誇りをもって生きよう勇気をもとう + +22:54.160 --> 23:01.540 +尾端中良の呼びかけは大きな共感を呼びやがて生徒は数百人にも上りました + +23:15.620 --> 23:26.260 +若い子供、おばあさん、おじいさん、おばあさん、みんな喜んで学校に来ました。入ってすぐ + +23:26.260 --> 23:35.600 +割とできたんですね。友達、ブークリーのプロフェッサーに頼 + +23:35.600 --> 23:45.800 +んで、紙と絵の具と筆なんかみんな送ってちょうだいって頼みました。みんな友達集めて持 + +23:45.800 --> 23:48.940 +ってきましたよ。それで始めました。 + +23:51.840 --> 24:02.860 +全米に本格的な収容所が完成すると日系人たちは各地へ移送されていきます1942年9月尾 + +24:02.860 --> 24:11.060 +端千浦は家族とともに豊洲の砂漠地帯のトパーズ収容所へ送られました千浦はここにも美術学 + +24:11.060 --> 24:22.880 +校を作ったのです私の目の前のこの有志鉄線この有志鉄線が収容所の鉄線です50年前の鉄線 + +24:22.880 --> 24:33.800 +が今も残っていましたこの鉄線のこちら側が収容所の敷地で広大なこの砂漠の中にバラックが + +24:33.800 --> 24:42.040 +立ち並んでいたんです本当に何にもないんですが遥か彼方向にトパーズ山このトパーズ収容所 + +24:42.040 --> 24:45.700 +の名前の由来となったトパーズ山が見えるだけなんですね + +24:48.820 --> 24:54.180 +今私が立っているこの辺りに美術学校があったということなんです + +25:07.080 --> 25:14.140 +砂漠地帯の真ん中に建てられた収容所にはバラック以外何もなくしかし、日系人たちは生活に + +25:14.140 --> 25:22.760 +必要なものすべてを自分たちの手で作らなければなりませんでした。昼は灼熱の太陽が照りつ + +25:22.760 --> 25:32.040 +け、夜は凍てつく寒さが襲います。ひとたび砂嵐が吹き始めると、一週間もの間吹き荒れ + +25:32.040 --> 25:40.900 +ました。バラックの中では、隙間から侵入する細かい砂との戦いが一日中続きました。 + +26:07.580 --> 26:11.560 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +26:28.940 --> 26:43.780 +屋根もなく 電灯もなく ストーブもなく土凍る高原の夜の寒さ肌を刺す家具も足らず 見ぞ + +26:43.780 --> 26:55.080 +れふる鉄椒7人連れの囚われの旅に 心身ともに疲れ果てたるサンタアナよりの人々 + +27:06.100 --> 27:17.840 +みんながっかりしてえらいとこに入りましてなんにもない気がない一つも頑張ってないだから + +27:17.840 --> 27:28.000 +パパどうしても山の方に見なさい目をあっちの方に見なさいきれいなサンセットサンライズが + +27:28.000 --> 27:39.640 +あるからどうしてもネイチュアが良くするって自然がそう頑張ってスピリの自分の気持ちが良 + +27:39.640 --> 27:42.260 +くなるって進めました + +27:46.500 --> 27:54.020 +尾端千浦は美しい自然の営みに目を向けることが明日への希望につながると確信していました + +27:59.380 --> 28:10.020 +収容所のシンボルである給水塔と夕日を受けて朱に染まった雲過酷な条件の中で千浦の美術学 + +28:10.020 --> 28:12.780 +校に込めた思いが感じられる作品です + +28:35.160 --> 28:46.560 +トパーズ美術学校では終戦までに何度か美術展を開きましたタンホランからトパーズへ尾端中 + +28:46.560 --> 28:50.760 +蘭が始めた美術学校を一緒に支えた仲間たちがいたのです + +29:03.280 --> 29:11.260 +日系二世のミネ・オックボカリフォルニア大学バークレー校の美術学生だった彼女はタンホラ + +29:11.260 --> 29:15.120 +ン美術学校ではチューラと共に教師として参加しました + +29:32.980 --> 29:38.860 +ミネオコボは木炭を使って絶望と苦悩の世界を描き出しています + +29:49.840 --> 29:56.220 +日比久子は母親の視点から収容所の中の生活を細やかに描いています + +30:14.860 --> 30:26.500 +トパーズ農場の収穫物作品の裏には砂漠の荒野で果物と野菜を育て届けてくれたトパーズの + +30:26.500 --> 30:29.420 +日本人農民に捧げると書かれています + +30:40.660 --> 30:46.500 +日比久子の夫日比松三郎の作品には小用手がたびたび登場します + +31:08.860 --> 31:17.500 +小用手は日系人を取り巻く社会の残酷さを暗示するとともに、日々にとって羨むべき自由の象 + +31:17.500 --> 31:18.240 +徴でもあります。 + +31:23.360 --> 31:32.040 +日々松桜は尾端千浦にとって都兵して間もない頃からの親友でした。タンホランからトパーズ + +31:32.040 --> 31:36.260 +へと美術学校を運営していく上で欠かせない協力者でした。 + +31:41.620 --> 31:51.320 +カンフォランの美術学校を創立するときも千浦は日々に相談していますその2人の協力があ + +31:51.320 --> 32:01.440 +って美術学校ができあがっていくわけです学校ができ生徒が来るかどうか2人は心配するわけ + +32:01.440 --> 32:12.480 +ですけどもちょうど開校の日は大嵐になって冷たい雨が降っていたんですその雨の中に3人の + +32:12.480 --> 32:20.880 +小さな女の子がぽつんと立ってドアを開くのを待っていたという2人はその子どもたちを教室 + +32:20.880 --> 32:32.440 +の中に入れて体を拭いてあげながらチューラーは泣くんですねひょっと前の日々を見ると日々 + +32:32.440 --> 32:33.340 +もやっぱり泣いていた + +32:36.920 --> 32:46.020 +結局二人の努力がそこで身を結んだという熱い思いがあったんじゃないかと思います + +32:51.040 --> 33:02.440 +トパーズの夕暮れに絵を描く男たち有志鉄線の中にいても絵を描くことができる喜びが後姿に + +33:02.440 --> 33:03.140 +現れています + +33:18.260 --> 33:24.260 +トパーズ美術学校で日比松三郎に絵の手ほどきを受けた人が今も健在でした + +33:29.840 --> 33:36.280 +ダン・ハラダさん72歳日系二世として19歳の時に収容されました + +33:41.840 --> 33:48.400 +ハラダさんは日々松桜にキャンバスを貼ることから指導を受け絵を描くことにのめり込んで + +33:48.400 --> 33:48.800 +いきました + +33:56.640 --> 34:04.400 +1943年に行われたアメリカへの忠誠を問うテストが原田さんの運命を変えましたその質問 + +34:04.400 --> 34:13.560 +は天皇への忠誠を否定できるか命令を受けた場合アメリカ軍人として戦う意思はあるか原田 + +34:13.560 --> 34:21.040 +さんはこれらの質問にノーと答えましたそのことによって原田さんは反米感情を持った日系人 + +34:21.040 --> 34:24.280 +ばかりを集めたトゥールレイクの収容所に送られました + +34:38.460 --> 34:41.660 +トゥールレイク収容所で描いたバラック + +34:50.080 --> 34:54.680 +バラックを包む黒い影が当時の原田さんの心情を表しています + +35:01.140 --> 35:08.400 +原田さんは収容所の中を深夜歩いているとバラックたちが寂しく寄り添っているかのように見 + +35:08.400 --> 35:11.600 +えまるで自分たちのようだったと語っています + +35:17.980 --> 35:26.820 +原田さんにとって収容所時代というのは人生の中でどんな意味を持つのでしょうか非常に今 + +35:26.820 --> 35:31.760 +でも非常になんて言いますか + +35:35.580 --> 35:46.380 +心の中に一つの傷でもありますけどそれと同時に私にとっては非常にクリエイティブな栄誉格 + +35:46.380 --> 35:48.100 +上でクリエイティブな + +35:52.040 --> 35:54.380 +充実した時代でした + +35:59.400 --> 36:09.020 +共生収容所の4年間という歳月は日系人たちにとって屈辱に満ちた日々でしたしかし美術学校 + +36:09.020 --> 36:12.640 +が生きる力となったことは間違いありません + +36:17.660 --> 36:29.560 +1945年8月14日 日本時間8月15日日比松桜は終戦のこの日に一枚の絵を残して + +36:29.560 --> 36:29.780 +います + +36:34.340 --> 36:41.160 +そこには祖国のある西に向かって神戸を垂れている一人の男が描かれています + +36:56.400 --> 36:57.040 +廃墟 + +37:00.160 --> 37:05.420 +小畑千浦が広島に落とされた原爆のニュースを聞いて描いた作品です + +37:17.400 --> 37:23.880 +小畑千浦はこの絵を最後に戦争にまつわる絵は二度と描きませんでした + +37:48.260 --> 37:55.180 +戦後なんですが尾端千代は大学に復職しましてバークレー校の名誉教授を務めた退職するん + +37:55.180 --> 38:02.760 +ですねその後は文化の架け橋としてアメリカに日本の文化を紹介するということに人生を捧げ + +38:02.760 --> 38:09.060 +たんですね文化の架け橋ということでいうとたくさんの画家たちがアメリカに渡って国と国と + +38:09.060 --> 38:14.460 +の間の文化を結ぼうとするわけですけどそれが国と国との戦争という運命によって強制収容所 + +38:14.460 --> 38:24.040 +のようなのが入れられてしまうそこで大端千浦と日比松浦という人がやった非常に大きな動き + +38:24.040 --> 38:31.100 +ですよね美術学校を作るというそれは非常に力強いものになっていたという意味では貴重だ + +38:31.100 --> 38:35.360 +ったと気がするんですよ生活的に言うとダン・ハラダさん書いたりとかミネ・オオコボさん書 + +38:35.360 --> 38:39.100 +いたりああいう暗いところだったと思うんですけどそれを何とかして変えていこうというその + +38:39.100 --> 38:44.720 +意思みたいなものは非常に貴重だなという気がしますねそれにしてもトパーズの京成修行時の + +38:44.720 --> 38:51.980 +後に言ったんですが本当に猛烈な風であの日ちょうど気温が38度でしてねもうちょっとこう + +38:51.980 --> 38:58.560 +いうだけで日差しが本当に強くてじりじり痛いくらいなんですよねあれだけの過酷な厳しい条 + +38:58.560 --> 39:06.180 +件の中でも絶望しないで絵を描き続けたと非常に強靭な精神力ですかねそれを思うんですが + +39:06.180 --> 39:15.060 +でも一方で絵を見ますと非常に透明感がある伸びやかな絵も非常に多いんですよねその透明感 + +39:15.060 --> 39:25.100 +というものがですね本当に共生主義の中でもある種の高い志と言いましょうかその志を表す + +39:25.100 --> 39:30.260 +ものなのかなという思いをして書いてきたんですけれどもね尾形千浦の絵の特質というのはや + +39:30.260 --> 39:35.160 +はり大胆で軽やかなところだと思うんですよねそれがあってこそやっぱり母なる大地のような + +39:35.160 --> 39:40.380 +ところで緻密なそういう日本画の技法があるんですがそれをはるかにまたこうやって心情ま + +39:40.380 --> 39:45.860 +でも表すような中小表現主義のような形というものがあってその軽やかさがやっぱりそういう + +39:45.860 --> 39:50.140 +意味でいうと希望をもたらすというかそういう感じがあったんだろうなという気がしますね + +39:50.640 --> 39:57.220 +その象徴的な色がチューラブルーですから真っ青なカリフォルニアの青とチューラブルー本当 + +39:57.220 --> 40:05.500 +に印象的でしたけどもねこの尾端チューラの作品実は日本で初公開なんですがそのチューラの + +40:05.500 --> 40:13.640 +作品多数を含めますアメリカに生きた日系人画家たちの展覧会10月の1日までですが東京都 + +40:13.640 --> 40:20.700 +の庭園美術館で開かれていますその後大分とそして広島でも開かれる予定になっています + +40:53.980 --> 41:10.800 +ご視聴 + +41:10.800 --> 41:10.840 +ありがとうございました + +41:24.400 --> 41:40.440 +ご視聴 + +41:40.440 --> 41:40.840 +ありがとうございました + +42:06.920 --> 42:10.840 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +42:35.740 --> 42:40.840 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +43:09.120 --> 43:10.840 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +43:23.700 --> 43:40.460 +ご視聴 + +43:40.460 --> 43:40.460 +ありがとうございました + +44:07.580 --> 44:10.820 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +44:39.640 --> 44:40.840 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +45:07.580 --> 45:10.840 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +45:35.720 --> 45:40.840 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +46:06.540 --> 46:10.800 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +46:36.600 --> 46:40.800 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +47:05.720 --> 47:10.820 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +47:36.580 --> 47:40.840 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +47:56.980 --> 48:10.800 +ご視聴 + +48:10.800 --> 48:10.820 +ありがとうございました + +48:34.240 --> 48:40.800 +ご視聴 + +48:40.800 --> 48:40.840 +ありがとうございました + +49:07.360 --> 49:10.840 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + +49:23.780 --> 49:25.800 +よく見ていてください + +49:29.560 --> 49:41.640 +スイッチに触れるとあ、心臓がこういう風になったんですねそれでドキドキというタイトル + +49:41.640 --> 49:42.060 +なんですね + +49:48.600 --> 49:57.320 +今度はジダンダという面白いですねロボットが何だか人を待っているんでしょうかねイライラ + +49:57.320 --> 50:06.040 +しているというジダンダを踏んでちょっとタップを踏んでいるようにも見えたりしますね非常 + +50:06.040 --> 50:07.940 +にユーモラスな感じがしますね + +50:31.900 --> 50:40.100 +こちらの作品は機械を取り入れることによって動きを逃している作品です生物を思わせる人質 + +50:40.100 --> 50:49.600 +的な動きは薄色と同じく上下区間によるものです斜め股同士の作品は上下や上りといった最近 + +50:49.600 --> 50:56.840 +ではおなじみることの決まった動力と神秘な仕組みそして愛情のあるコルミで見ればはの好奇 + +50:56.840 --> 50:57.720 +心を知るとします + +51:12.920 --> 51:22.740 +これシデロイホス作品の題ですけどもねこれギリシャ語で鉄の響きまさに鉄の響きという意味 + +51:22.740 --> 51:23.080 +なんだそうですね + +51:26.240 --> 51:28.520 +ちょっととぼけたいい音ではありますね + +51:41.220 --> 51:51.660 +これは弓で弾いているわけですけれども非常に宇宙的な響きのある音ですねちょっとやはり普 + +51:51.660 --> 51:52.700 +通には耳慣れない + +52:19.620 --> 52:37.000 +ご視聴 + +52:37.000 --> 52:37.280 +ありがとうございました + +52:48.620 --> 53:07.000 +ご視聴 + +53:07.000 --> 53:07.240 +ありがとうございました + +53:17.820 --> 53:37.000 +ご視聴 + +53:37.000 --> 53:37.280 +ありがとうございました + +53:49.000 --> 54:07.000 +ご視聴 + +54:07.000 --> 54:07.200 +ありがとうございました + +54:17.900 --> 54:37.000 +ご視聴 + +54:37.000 --> 54:37.280 +ありがとうございました + +54:49.320 --> 55:07.000 +ご視聴 + +55:07.000 --> 55:07.240 +ありがとうございました + +55:19.020 --> 55:37.000 +ご視聴 + +55:37.000 --> 55:37.220 +ありがとうございました + +55:50.180 --> 56:07.000 +ご視聴 + +56:07.000 --> 56:07.260 +ありがとうございました + +56:19.000 --> 56:37.000 +ご視聴 + +56:37.000 --> 56:37.280 +ありがとうございました + +56:47.840 --> 57:07.000 +ご視聴 + +57:07.000 --> 57:07.280 +ありがとうございました + +57:20.140 --> 57:37.000 +ご視聴 + +57:37.000 --> 57:37.220 +ありがとうございました + +57:49.500 --> 58:07.000 +ご視聴 + +58:07.000 --> 58:07.260 +ありがとうございました + +58:19.300 --> 58:37.000 +ご視聴 + +58:37.000 --> 58:37.240 +ありがとうございました + +58:49.200 --> 59:07.000 +ご視聴 + +59:07.000 --> 59:07.280 +ありがとうございました + +59:19.920 --> 59:37.000 +ご視聴 + +59:37.000 --> 59:37.280 +ありがとうございました + +59:48.660 --> 01:00:07.000 +ご視聴 + +01:00:07.000 --> 01:00:07.260 +ありがとうございました + +01:00:13.320 --> 01:00:14.720 +ご視聴ありがとうございました + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bs744dg5568_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bs744dg5568_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dfa9dc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bs744dg5568_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,542 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:28.980 --> 00:29.960 +Teksting av Nicolai Winther + +01:19.800 --> 01:21.200 +今東京都庭園美術館でアメリカに生きた日系人画家たち + +01:23.680 --> 01:25.080 +希望と苦悩の反省期という展覧会が開かれています + +01:33.560 --> 01:35.640 +This exhibition was planned to commemorate + +01:35.640 --> 01:39.600 +the end of the war. The works of the + +01:39.600 --> 01:39.600 +artists who played an active part in the + +01:39.600 --> 01:41.580 +United States, Kuniyoshi Yasuo, Henry + +01:41.580 --> 01:44.580 +Sugimoto, and Usui Bunpei, are exhibited. + +02:11.480 --> 02:12.880 +中でも一際目を引くのが、 + +02:16.680 --> 02:18.080 +共生収容所の中で描かれた日系人画家たちの作品です。 + +02:21.680 --> 02:23.080 +彼らは収容所の中で屈辱に耐えながら、 + +02:25.660 --> 02:27.060 +絵画によって希望を見出そうと絵筆を取りました。 + +02:58.580 --> 02:59.980 +日本人修行所 + +03:11.340 --> 03:12.740 +でも50年間くらいから50年間くらいにあんなにたくさんの方が向こうに渡って絵を描いていたという事実は僕もある意味では初めてで非常にびっくりしたんですよね。 + +03:12.740 --> 03:14.260 +尾端千代という名前はご存知でした? + +03:22.220 --> 03:23.620 +全然知らなかったんですよ。やっぱり非常に印象的で素晴らしい絵を描いていらっしゃるので、なんで今まで知らなかったんだろうと思って非常に自分の不勉強を恥じたという。 + +03:23.620 --> 03:25.700 +Obata Chiura was the first person I met, + +03:25.740 --> 03:27.760 +and he had been drawing pictures to + +03:27.760 --> 03:30.820 +protect the culture and humanity of the + +03:30.820 --> 03:33.880 +people in the camp. His leader was Obata + +03:33.880 --> 03:37.180 +Chiura. Obata Chiura had a great influence + +03:37.180 --> 03:38.200 +on the art movement of the West Coast of + +03:38.200 --> 03:41.800 +America, and he visited the West Coast of + +03:41.800 --> 03:41.860 +America. + +03:48.540 --> 03:51.840 +The West Coast of America, San Francisco + +03:59.180 --> 04:00.580 +古くから日系移民の多かったこの町が、尾端千浦とその仲間たちの活動の舞台となりました。 + +04:10.520 --> 04:11.920 +ノンフィクションライターの下島哲郎さんは、10年以上にわたって収容所の日系人画家たちを取材してきました。 + +04:20.660 --> 04:22.060 +何度もここへ通って関係者の話を聞くうちに、収容所の生活に意外な側面があったことを発見したと下島さんは言います。 + +04:24.580 --> 04:26.000 +I was surprised to see that the life in + +04:26.000 --> 04:28.300 +the camp was very fulfilling for the + +04:28.300 --> 04:28.440 +painting. + +04:31.960 --> 04:33.620 +Many people say that they enjoyed it. + +04:38.780 --> 04:41.980 +The life in the camp was fulfilling? Yes. + +04:41.980 --> 04:50.560 +I was surprised and surprised to find that + +04:50.560 --> 04:57.700 +I met a painter called Chihura Obata about + +04:57.700 --> 04:58.700 +three years ago. + +05:20.800 --> 05:24.200 +日本画家小畑千浦は1903年明治36年にアメリカに渡りました。 Sumieya + +05:24.200 --> 05:26.600 +Suisai ga de Nishikaigan no Bijitsukai no + +05:26.600 --> 05:28.880 +chumoku wo atsume Nochi ni California + +05:28.880 --> 05:31.400 +Daigaku Barclay ko no kyojo ni battegi sa + +05:31.400 --> 05:31.860 +remashita + +05:36.220 --> 05:38.760 +Obata Chiura ga nakunaru made sundeita + +05:38.760 --> 05:40.480 +Barclay no iya wo tazuremashita + +05:43.060 --> 05:49.920 +Hello! Konnichiwa! Nice to see you again! + +05:51.200 --> 05:54.840 +Obata-san, Ojo-san, Yuri-san Yoroshiku + +05:54.840 --> 05:58.200 +onegaishimasu, Sakurai-desu Nice to meet + +05:58.200 --> 05:59.660 +you Sakurai-desu, Yoroshiku onegaishimasu + +05:59.660 --> 06:05.340 +Please come in Ega demo arimasu? Ai Aremo + +06:05.340 --> 06:08.040 +sou desu ka? So, papa ga kakimashita + +06:09.100 --> 06:16.140 +Magnolia, Blue Jay, Mokure no Hana. I + +06:16.140 --> 06:21.040 +really liked drawing birds. I drew a bird. + +06:23.700 --> 06:26.680 +There was no studio. She was always + +06:26.680 --> 06:28.320 +surrounded by her family and drawing in + +06:28.320 --> 06:28.900 +the dining room. + +06:32.040 --> 06:34.420 +So this is the place where you used to sit + +06:34.420 --> 06:36.760 +instead of the studio? Yes. Hei, doko ni + +06:36.760 --> 06:37.980 +suwatte kaite irashita nesuka? Kocchi ni + +06:37.980 --> 06:43.240 +suwatte, window ga minna akete, totemo + +06:43.240 --> 06:44.900 +suki datta koko de yaruno. + +06:48.680 --> 06:50.500 +Donna fuu ni shite kaite irashita nesho + +06:50.500 --> 06:54.520 +ne? Omoite irashimasu ka? So, papa wa + +06:54.520 --> 06:57.280 +baseball totemo suki datta. Yakkyu ga. So, + +06:57.380 --> 07:01.980 +dakara radio koko mimi ni irete, kou yate + +07:01.980 --> 07:02.440 +kaite. + +07:22.000 --> 07:26.020 +Owa Tachiura was born in 1885, in the year + +07:26.020 --> 07:28.000 +of 18th year, in Okaima prefecture. + +07:35.540 --> 07:36.940 +本名佐藤造六。 + +07:41.920 --> 07:42.620 +五歳の時に仙台に住む兄、六一の養子になりました。 + +07:48.080 --> 07:48.900 +千浦、七歳の時の絵です。 + +07:54.320 --> 07:55.720 +もともと絵の得意だった千浦は、日本画家だった六一の影響を受け、 + +07:55.720 --> 07:58.480 +自らも画家になることを決意します。 + +08:03.060 --> 08:05.860 +Chura, who was taught by Rokuichi, was + +08:05.860 --> 08:07.980 +only 17 years old when he won the Japanese + +08:07.980 --> 08:10.720 +Art Museum's Grand Prize, and he was + +08:10.720 --> 08:14.480 +awarded the first-ever award. However, the + +08:14.480 --> 08:15.920 +following year, he suddenly crossed over + +08:15.920 --> 08:16.380 +to the United States. + +08:21.940 --> 08:24.800 +The world is vast, and there are hundreds + +08:24.800 --> 08:25.940 +of millions of people. + +08:33.740 --> 08:35.140 +人たちがいます。されど、私の真に頼むべき、真に語るべき、真に楽しむべきは皆様だけです。 + +08:43.600 --> 08:44.300 +この離れがたき皆様のもとを去り、遠く異郷に来て、真苦患難ものともせず、成功を希望するのです。 + +08:51.140 --> 08:52.540 +決して大きな贅沢なる家で、美しい着物を着、美味しいものを食べたいというわけではありません。 + +09:00.380 --> 09:01.780 +必ずや天下に尾端千浦の書であると言わせる策を成して帰ります。 + +09:18.740 --> 09:20.140 +アメリカに渡った千浦はスクールボーイをしたり、日経新聞のイラストを描いて生活を始めます。 + +09:30.080 --> 09:30.780 +渡米して9年目、27歳の時に描いた千浦書記の代表作です。 + +09:41.920 --> 09:43.320 +大地に立つおゆうしい少女は、結婚して間もない新妻、春子です。 + +09:51.220 --> 09:52.620 +薄草とした杉木立ち。 + +09:59.020 --> 09:59.820 +太い幹や枝の一本一本が墨の濃淡によって巧みにかき分けられています。 + +10:09.060 --> 10:12.160 +Asimoto ni wa daichi kara seimei wo uketa + +10:12.160 --> 10:14.460 +chiisana kusa ga gunsei shi, hana wo + +10:14.460 --> 10:15.240 +musunde imasu + +10:25.340 --> 10:26.540 +Haruko's expectation and anxiety, which + +10:26.540 --> 10:30.900 +had already taken over her new life, are + +10:30.900 --> 10:31.220 +symbolically depicted in the transparent + +10:31.220 --> 10:32.560 +air at dawn. + +10:47.240 --> 10:50.560 +Chihura, who opened the new territory of + +10:50.560 --> 10:50.920 +Japanese painting in the United States, + +10:51.460 --> 10:52.820 +was inspired by his creative will to + +10:52.820 --> 10:56.580 +create new themes for his works. He + +10:56.580 --> 10:57.340 +traveled to many places to find new + +10:57.340 --> 11:00.800 +themes. He left a lot of his works in the + +11:00.800 --> 11:01.400 +basement warehouse. + +11:05.320 --> 11:07.680 +Where did you draw this painting? Yes, + +11:07.920 --> 11:09.980 +this is a painting that was done in + +11:09.980 --> 11:13.580 +Yosemite Valley in 1938, right before the + +11:13.580 --> 11:16.400 +war. You're drawing Yosemite? Right. + +11:16.940 --> 11:19.660 +Grandpa used to go to the valley every + +11:19.660 --> 11:22.500 +summer for camping. Oh, every summer. And + +11:22.500 --> 11:23.820 +sketching and painting and of course + +11:23.820 --> 11:27.880 +fishing. Of course. That's pre-war, isn't + +11:27.880 --> 11:27.920 +it? + +11:47.620 --> 11:48.740 +A storm that strikes the warning of + +11:48.740 --> 11:50.000 +Yosemite National Park. + +11:56.600 --> 11:57.320 +It depicts the dynamic change of the vast + +11:57.320 --> 11:57.800 +nature. + +12:30.220 --> 12:31.620 +1927年尾端千浦はカリフォルニア大学バークレー校の美術教授ワースライダーと共に寄せ見てを訪れました。そして2ヶ月にわたってキャンプ生活をしながら寄せ見ての大自然を描きました。 + +12:38.600 --> 12:40.860 +At that time, Yosemite was the + +12:40.860 --> 12:43.060 +representative national treasure of the + +12:43.060 --> 12:43.760 +United States, and was written by many + +12:43.760 --> 12:44.260 +painters. + +12:51.980 --> 12:53.220 +However, Yosemite, written by Japanese + +12:53.220 --> 12:56.540 +painter Obata Chiura, made the Americans + +12:56.540 --> 12:57.900 +feel the appearance of Yosemite that had + +12:57.900 --> 12:58.320 +never been seen before. + +13:01.920 --> 13:04.440 +Chura's Yosemite series has further + +13:04.440 --> 13:05.000 +enhanced his reputation. + +13:28.320 --> 13:31.440 +Monterey, very beautiful area. Grandpa + +13:31.440 --> 13:34.900 +enjoyed painting the ocean and the scenery + +13:34.900 --> 13:37.680 +there. Monterey's coast? Yes, from + +13:37.680 --> 13:41.800 +Monterey to the south. Matsu is in the + +13:41.800 --> 13:46.400 +middle, it's very Japanese. Yes, Chihura + +13:46.400 --> 13:50.680 +grew up in Sendai from the age of 5. I + +13:50.680 --> 13:53.440 +think there is a view of Matsushima Bay in + +13:53.440 --> 13:55.560 +the corner of his head. I think the + +13:55.560 --> 13:58.400 +scenery remains, but the name Shura was + +13:58.400 --> 13:59.960 +also taken from Matsushima Bay. + +14:03.920 --> 14:06.800 +So you're looking for such a scenery. I + +14:06.800 --> 14:10.640 +always have it in my head, and I think I + +14:10.640 --> 14:12.980 +wandered through California in the United + +14:12.980 --> 14:13.420 +States. I think I was lost. + +14:21.680 --> 14:23.740 +The famous school in the United States, + +14:23.740 --> 14:25.660 +the University of California, Berkeley. + +14:27.800 --> 14:30.520 +Chura, who returned from Yosemite, was + +14:30.520 --> 14:32.200 +invited as a Japanese artist of this + +14:32.200 --> 14:32.200 +university. + +14:43.240 --> 14:44.640 +雨をかきたいならば雨に打たれよ。 + +14:47.040 --> 14:48.440 +風をかきたいならば風に吹かれよ。 + +14:52.180 --> 14:53.580 +そして何千もの心のレンズを通して書きなさい。 + +15:00.280 --> 15:01.680 +中羅の講義は学生たちの絶大なる支持を受けました。 + +15:09.480 --> 15:11.980 +Ova Tachiura Ova Tachiura har restat utsat + +15:11.980 --> 15:18.340 +på campuset i Bakre. Denne tog er en av de + +15:18.340 --> 15:20.280 +fleste. Det heter Seizertower. + +15:23.480 --> 15:26.120 +Det er en fantastisk tog. Det er helt + +15:26.120 --> 15:28.100 +sammen med den blå skyldet. Det er helt + +15:28.100 --> 15:29.080 +sammen med den blå skyldet. + +15:32.200 --> 15:35.040 +Hidmo aan kongrulo mette kan ohne xoz + +15:35.040 --> 15:35.700 +olagkai? + +15:38.660 --> 15:42.100 +Colin Ogates際 Have veni Femke meg mendre + +15:42.100 --> 15:46.740 +Oga band aw平 berita regi tando nor + +15:46.740 --> 15:48.180 +tokababura + +15:52.620 --> 15:57.680 +shidyou Yes, the blue sky in California is + +15:57.680 --> 16:00.440 +a unique color of Chula, called Chula + +16:00.440 --> 16:00.640 +Blue. + +16:08.220 --> 16:10.640 +The lake on the mountain is painted with + +16:10.640 --> 16:11.500 +rock paint. + +16:40.080 --> 16:41.480 +山上の湖 + +16:58.880 --> 17:08.620 +Teksting av Nicolai + +17:08.620 --> 17:08.840 +Winther + +17:26.260 --> 17:36.720 +Teksting av Nicolai + +17:36.720 --> 17:36.860 +Winther + +17:49.280 --> 17:50.680 +線と色彩で躍動的な女性たちを描き出しています。 + +17:58.560 --> 17:59.960 +1930年代、アメリカでは新しい美術の動きが出ていました。 + +18:07.780 --> 18:09.180 +この作品にも当時のアメリカ中小表現主義の影響が伺えます。 + +18:40.040 --> 18:45.440 +Obata Chiura California's landscape. And + +18:45.440 --> 18:48.260 +certainly he has a poetic eye that holds + +18:48.260 --> 18:52.660 +the most poetic moments of the place. + +18:56.800 --> 18:57.760 +1941 + +19:01.800 --> 19:04.140 +The time before the Pacific War + +19:26.960 --> 19:28.360 +日系人たちの不安が表現されています。 + +19:49.940 --> 19:51.340 +1942年2月ルーズベルト大統領令によって西海岸の日系人およそ12万人が適正外国人として強制収容されることになりました尾端チューラも家族とともにサンフランシスコの南 + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bs744dg5568_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bs744dg5568_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb83bd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bs744dg5568_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html @@ -0,0 +1,338 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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reference
transcript
n1Tekstet av Nicolai Winther The American Wild Lost advancedürlichs pong This exhin1Teksting av Nicolai Winther 今東京都庭園美術館でアメリカに生きた日系人画家たち 希望と苦悩の反省期という展覧会が開かれています Th
>bition was planned to commemorate the end of the war.>is exhibition was planned to commemorate the end of the war.
2The works of the painters who played an active part in the United States, Kuniyo2The works of the artists who played an active part in the United States, Kuniyos
>shi Yasuo, Henry Sugimoto, and Usui Bunpei, are exhibited.>hi Yasuo, Henry Sugimoto, and Usui Bunpei, are exhibited.
3中でも一際目を引くのが、 共生収容所の中で描かれた日系人画家たちの作品です。 彼らは収容所の中で屈辱に耐えながら、 絵画によって希望を見出そうと絵筆を取りました3中でも一際目を引くのが、 共生収容所の中で描かれた日系人画家たちの作品です。 彼らは収容所の中で屈辱に耐えながら、 絵画によって希望を見出そうと絵筆を取りました
>。 KONNICHIWA でも50年間くらいから50年間くらいにあんなにたくさんの方が向こうに渡って絵を描いていたという事実は僕もある意味では初めてで非常にびっ>。 日本人修行所 でも50年間くらいから50年間くらいにあんなにたくさんの方が向こうに渡って絵を描いていたという事実は僕もある意味では初めてで非常にびっくりした
>くりしたんですよね。 尾端千代という名前はご存知でした?>んですよね。 尾端千代という名前はご存知でした?
4全然知らなかったんですよ。やっぱり非常に印象的で素晴らしい絵を描いていらっしゃるので、なんで今まで知らなかったんだろうと思って非常に自分の不勉強を恥じたという。4全然知らなかったんですよ。やっぱり非常に印象的で素晴らしい絵を描いていらっしゃるので、なんで今まで知らなかったんだろうと思って非常に自分の不勉強を恥じたという。
> I also first met Obata Chura, but he had been drawing pictures to protect his c> Obata Chiura was the first person I met, and he had been drawing pictures to pr
>ulture and humanity in the camp.>otect the culture and humanity of the people in the camp.
5Obata Chura was the leader.5His leader was Obata Chiura.
6Obata Chura had a great influence on the American art movement on the West Coast6Obata Chiura had a great influence on the art movement of the West Coast of Amer
>.>ica, and he visited the West Coast of America.
7I went to the West Coast to investigate.7The West Coast of America, San Francisco 古くから日系移民の多かったこの町が、尾端千浦とその仲間たちの活動の舞台となりま
 >した。 ノンフィクションライターの下島哲郎さんは、10年以上にわたって収容所の日系人画家たちを取材してきました。 何度もここへ通って関係者の話を聞くうちに、収容
 >所の生活に意外な側面があったことを発見したと下島さんは言います。 I was surprised to see that the life in the cam
 >p was very fulfilling for the painting.
8I went to the U .S.8Many people say that they enjoyed it.
9to interview them.9The life in the camp was fulfilling?
10San Francisco, the west coast of the U.S. This town, which had many Japanese imm10Yes.
>igrants since ancient times, became the stage of the activities of Chihura Obata 
> and his friends. 
11The non-fiction writer Tetsuro Shimojima Shimojima-san has been interviewing Jap11I was surprised and surprised to find that I met a painter called Chihura Obata 
>anese painters of the Shuyo-jo for more than 10 years.>about three years ago.
12Shimojima-san says that he discovered something unexpected in the life of the Sh12日本画家小畑千浦は1903年明治36年にアメリカに渡りました。 Sumieya Suisai ga de Nishikaigan no Bijitsukai n
>uyo-jo while visiting the Shuyo-jo many times and listening to the people involv>o chumoku wo atsume Nochi ni California Daigaku Barclay ko no kyojo ni battegi s
>ed.>a remashita Obata Chiura ga nakunaru made sundeita Barclay no iya wo tazuremashi
 >ta Hello! Konnichiwa! Nice to see you again! Obata-san, Ojo-san, Yuri-san Yorosh
 >iku onegaishimasu, Sakurai-desu Nice to meet you Sakurai-desu, Yoroshiku onegais
 >himasu Please come in Ega demo arimasu?
13下の話を聞くうちに収容所の生活に意外な側面があったことを発見したと下島さんは言います。 4年間という長い収容所生活が絵のために非常に充実し、 そしてむしろ楽しん
>だというようなことをおっしゃる人が多数いらっしゃるんですね。 収容所時代が充実していたと。 そうですね。 I was surprised and surpris 
>ed to find that I met a painter called Chihura Obata about three years ago. 
14日本画家小畑千浦は1903年、明治36年にアメリカに渡りました。 Sumiei-ya Suisai-ga-de Nishi-kaigan-no-Bijitsuk
>ai-no -Chumoku-o-Atsume, Nochi-ni California-Dai -gaku Barclay-ko-no-Kyo-ju-ni-B 
>atteki-sa -remashita. 
15Obata Chiura-ga-nakunaru-made-sunde-ita Barclay-no-ie-wo-tazure-mashita.
16Hello! Konnichiwa! Nice to see you again! Og O'Bata-san, Ojo -san, Yuri-san.
17Yuri-san.
18Joroshiku onegaishimasu.
19Sakurai desu, Najimichi.
20Joroshiku onegaishimasu, Sakurai desu, Najimichi.
21Joroshiku onegaishimasu, Sakurai desu, Najimichi.
22Please come in.
23Ega demo arimasu ka?
24Hai.
25Aremo so desu ka?13Ai Aremo sou desu ka?
26So, papa ga kakimashita.14So, papa ga kakimashita Magnolia, Blue Jay, Mokure no Hana.
27Magnolia to Blue Jay.15I really liked drawing birds.
28Magnolia.16I drew a bird.
29Mokuren no hana.17There was no studio.
30So, so.18She was always surrounded by her family and drawing in the dining room.
31Nante, Tori totemo suki datta kaku no.19So this is the place where you used to sit instead of the studio?
32Shiji kakimashita.20Yes.
33Atelier wa arimasen deshita.21Hei, doko ni suwatte kaite irashita nesuka?
34Itsumo kazoku ni kakomarete, dining room de e wo kaiti ita toigetodesu.22Kocchi ni suwatte, window ga minna akete, totemo suki datta koko de yaruno.
35Koko ga ja atelier gawari de.
36Dokoni suwatta kaiti deshita?
37Kocchi suwatte, window ga minna akete.
38E, tottemu suki datta koko de yaru no.
39He. Donna fuu ni shite kaite rashitan deshou ne?23Donna fuu ni shite kaite irashita nesho ne?
40Omoite rashimasu ka?24Omoite irashimasu ka?
41Sou, papa wa baseball tottemu suki datta.25So, papa wa baseball totemo suki datta.
42Yakyuu ga.26Yakkyu ga.
43Sou, dakara radio koko mimi ni irete, kou yate kaite.27So, dakara radio koko mimi ni irete, kou yate kaite.
44Kikinagara?28Owa Tachiura was born in 1885, in the year of 18th year, in Okaima prefecture.
45Sou, toki-toki Giants ga makeuta, aaa te okotte.
46I thought I was a little too much.
47I thought you were going to write a poem, but it didn't work.
48That's what happened.
49Chura Obata was born in 1885, in the year of 18, in Okayama.
50His real name is Zoro Sato.
51千代に住む兄六一の養子になりました。 千代七歳の時の絵です。 元々絵の得意だった千代は、日本画家だった六一の影響を受け、自らも画家になることを決意します。 Ch29本名佐藤造六。 五歳の時に仙台に住む兄、六一の養子になりました。 千浦、七歳の時の絵です。 もともと絵の得意だった千浦は、日本画家だった六一の影響を受け、 自ら
>ura, who was taught by Rokuichi, was only 17 years old when he won the Japanese >も画家になることを決意します。 Chura, who was taught by Rokuichi, was only 17 years old when he
>Art Museum's Grand Prize, and won the first prize.> won the Japanese Art Museum's Grand Prize, and he was awarded the first-ever aw
 >ard.
52However, the following year, he suddenly went to the United States.30However, the following year, he suddenly crossed over to the United States.
53The world is wide, and there are tens of millions of people.31The world is vast, and there are hundreds of millions of people.
54人たちがいます。 地浦の書であると言わせる策を成して帰ります。 アメリカに渡った地浦はスクールボーイをしたり、 日経新聞のイラストを描いて生活を始めます。 渡米32人たちがいます。されど、私の真に頼むべき、真に語るべき、真に楽しむべきは皆様だけです。 この離れがたき皆様のもとを去り、遠く異郷に来て、真苦患難ものともせず、成
>して9年目、27歳の時に描いた千浦書記の代表作です。 大地に立つおゆうしい少女は、結婚して間もない新妻、春子です。 薄草とした杉木立ち。 太い幹や枝の一本一本が>功を希望するのです。 決して大きな贅沢なる家で、美しい着物を着、美味しいものを食べたいというわけではありません。 必ずや天下に尾端千浦の書であると言わせる策を成
>炭の濃淡によって巧みにかき分けられています。 足元には大地から生命を受けた小さな草が群生し、花を結んでいます。 Haruko's expectations an>して帰ります。 アメリカに渡った千浦はスクールボーイをしたり、日経新聞のイラストを描いて生活を始めます。 渡米して9年目、27歳の時に描いた千浦書記の代表作です
>d concerns, which had already taken a new life, are symbolically depicted in the>。 大地に立つおゆうしい少女は、結婚して間もない新妻、春子です。 薄草とした杉木立ち。 太い幹や枝の一本一本が墨の濃淡によって巧みにかき分けられています。 As
> transparent air at dawn.>imoto ni wa daichi kara seimei wo uketa chiisana kusa ga gunsei shi, hana wo mus
 >unde imasu Haruko's expectation and anxiety, which had already taken over her ne
 >w life, are symbolically depicted in the transparent air at dawn.
55象徴的に描かれています。 母なる大地を描くことによって、 アメリカでの日本画の新境地を開いた千浦は、 創作意欲をかきたてられ、 次々と新しいテーマを求めて旅を重33Chihura, who opened the new territory of Japanese painting in the United States,
>ねます。 膨大な作品が地下の倉庫に残っていました。 Yosemite Valley Where did you draw that painting?> was inspired by his creative will to create new themes for his works.
34He traveled to many places to find new themes.
35He left a lot of his works in the basement warehouse.
36Where did you draw this painting?
56Yes, this is a painting that was done in Yosemite Valley in 1938, right before t37Yes, this is a painting that was done in Yosemite Valley in 1938, right before t
>he war.>he war.
n57You were drawing Yosemite?n38You're drawing Yosemite?
58Right.39Right.
59Grandpa used to go to the valley every summer for camping.40Grandpa used to go to the valley every summer for camping.
60Oh, every summer.41Oh, every summer.
61And sketching and painting and of course fishing.42And sketching and painting and of course fishing.
n62Of course fishing.n43Of course.
63That was before the war.44That's pre-war, isn't it?
64A storm that strikes the national park of Yosemite.45A storm that strikes the warning of Yosemite National Park.
65It is a dynamic depiction of the dramatic changes of nature.46It depicts the dynamic change of the vast nature.
661927年尾端千浦はカリフォルニア大学バークレー校の美術教授ワースライダーとともに寄せ見てを訪れました。そして2ヶ月にわたってキャンプ生活をしながら寄せ見ての大471927年尾端千浦はカリフォルニア大学バークレー校の美術教授ワースライダーと共に寄せ見てを訪れました。そして2ヶ月にわたってキャンプ生活をしながら寄せ見ての大自
>自然を描きました。 At that time, Yosemite was a representative monument in the United Sta>然を描きました。 At that time, Yosemite was the representative national treasure of the 
>tes, and was painted by many painters.>United States, and was written by many painters.
67However, Yosemite, painted by Japanese painter Obata Chiura, made the Americans 48However, Yosemite, written by Japanese painter Obata Chiura, made the Americans 
>feel the appearance of Yosemite that had never been seen before.>feel the appearance of Yosemite that had never been seen before.
68Chihura's Yosemite series has further enhanced his reputation.49Chura's Yosemite series has further enhanced his reputation.
69Monterey, very beautiful area.50Monterey, very beautiful area.
n70And grandpa enjoyed painting the ocean and the scenery there.n51Grandpa enjoyed painting the ocean and the scenery there.
71Monterey's coast.52Monterey's coast?
72Monterey to the south.53Yes, from Monterey to the south.
73Matsu is in the middle, and it's very Japanese.54Matsu is in the middle, it's very Japanese.
74Yes.55Yes, Chihura grew up in Sendai from the age of 5.
75Chiura has grown up in Sendai since he was five years old.
76I think there's a scene of Matsushima Bay in the corner of his head.56I think there is a view of Matsushima Bay in the corner of his head.
77I think the scenery remains, but the name Shura was also taken from Matsushima B57I think the scenery remains, but the name Shura was also taken from Matsushima B
>ay.>ay.
n78So you were looking for such a scenery.n58So you're looking for such a scenery.
79I always had it in my head, and I think I wandered through California in the Uni59I always have it in my head, and I think I wandered through California in the Un
>ted States.>ited States.
80I think I was lost.60I think I was lost.
81The famous school in the United States, the University of California, Berkeley.61The famous school in the United States, the University of California, Berkeley.
t82Obata Chura, who returned from Yosemite, was invited as a Japanese artist of thit62Chura, who returned from Yosemite, was invited as a Japanese artist of this univ
>s university.>ersity.
83雨をかきたいならば雨に打たれよ。 風をかきたいならば風に吹かれよ。 そして何千もの心のレンズを通して書きなさい。 中羅の講義は学生たちの絶大なる支持を受けました63雨をかきたいならば雨に打たれよ。 風をかきたいならば風に吹かれよ。 そして何千もの心のレンズを通して書きなさい。 中羅の講義は学生たちの絶大なる支持を受けました
>。 OVATA CHIURA K幾 moga engelska tannt atrevet으니까 Laughteriere atlyaltisvina Fogw>。 Ova Tachiura Ova Tachiura har restat utsat på campuset i Bakre.
>a? 
84Sure, Aristok sperm'angi In California fyska etn 보시 gila Denne farben heter Tjur64Denne tog er en av de fleste.
>ablu. 
85Kino-ji har skrevet med iwainogu.65Det heter Seizertower.
86Tjurablu har skrevet med iwainogu.66Det er en fantastisk tog.
87Tjurablu har skrevet med iwainogu.67Det er helt sammen med den blå skyldet.
88Tjurablu har skrevet med iwainogu.68Det er helt sammen med den blå skyldet.
69Hidmo aan kongrulo mette kan ohne xoz olagkai?
70Colin Ogates際 Have veni Femke meg mendre Oga band aw平 berita regi tando nor toka
 >babura shidyou Yes, the blue sky in California is a unique color of Chula, calle
 >d Chula Blue.
71The lake on the mountain is painted with rock paint.
89Teksting av Nicolai Winther Teksting av Nicolai Winther 千と色彩で躍動的な女性たちを描き出しています。 72山上の湖 Teksting av Nicolai Winther Teksting av Nicolai Winther 線と色彩で躍動的な女性たちを描き出して
>1930年代アメリカでは新しい美術の動きが出ていましたこの作品にも当時のアメリカ中小表現主義の影響が伺えます Obata Chiura I'm sorry.>います。 1930年代、アメリカでは新しい美術の動きが出ていました。 この作品にも当時のアメリカ中小表現主義の影響が伺えます。 Obata Chiura Cal
 >ifornia's landscape.
901941年太平洋戦争が始まる直前に書かれた地滑り 日系人たちの不安が表現されています。 1942年2月ルーズベルト大統領令によって西海岸の日系人およそ12万人が73And certainly he has a poetic eye that holds the most poetic moments of the plac
>適正外国人として強制収容されることになりました尾端中良も家族とともにサンフランシスコの南のタンホランにある仮収容所に入れられます Do you remember>e.
> the day you got together at the meeting place of the Tampere? 
91Yes, I remember.741941 The time before the Pacific War 日系人たちの不安が表現されています。 1942年2月ルーズベルト大統領令によって西海岸
 >の日系人およそ12万人が適正外国人として強制収容されることになりました尾端チューラも家族とともにサンフランシスコの南
92It was raining that day, and I was very sad.
93I took a bus to the Bay Bridge and came to Tampere.
94I put my horse in the stable.
95The old horse?
96I was thirteen at that time, so I loved horses very much.
97I was happy to be able to enter the stable.
98Were you happy?
99Yes.
100Mama was so disappointed.
101There was an army bed, a mattress with straws.
102Mama sat there and cried.
103Mama was a person who never cried.
104She was very strong.
105I was surprised and asked her why she was crying.
106I heard it.
107I was so sad to hear that I was living with my mother.
108I never thought about it.
109I often said that the sea was mud.
110I said it was ridiculous.
111I was taken by the mud, and I finally rolled into the horse shed.
112日本語遠く離れ、異郷の地で永遠と築いてきたものすべてを失ってしまった日系人たち。 絶望の淵に追いやられた姿を見て、尾端千浦は美術学校の開設を思い立ちます。 開校
>は収容されてから25日目のことです。 長年住み慣れし都を離れ、浮草の境遇と似たる生活に入ったのでありますが、 若き人、幼き人の先行きを思うとき明日に希望を捨てる 
>ことはできません来る日の準備をすべく今、一日一日を新たなる希望を持っていかなくてはいけません以上の趣旨でここにタンフォーラン美術学校を設立いたします 日系人の誇 
>りをもって生きよう。 勇気をもとう。 尾端中良の呼びかけは大きな共感を呼び、 やがて生徒は数百人にも上りました。 Meketre, 6-year-old, oj 
>isan, obasan, minna ki mastya kakko ni. 
113Yorokonde minna ki mastya.
114Haite sugu warito dekita nesu.
115Sou, tomodachi, Berkeley no professor and students ni tanonde kami to enogu to f
>ude naka minna okutte chodai te tanomi mastya. 
116みんな友達集めて持ってきましたよ。 それで始めました。 全米に本格的な収容所が完成すると、 日系人たちは各地へ移送されていきます。 1942年9月、尾端千浦は家
>族とともに 豊洲の砂漠地帯のトパーズ収容所へ送られました。 千浦はここにも美術学校を作ったのです。 私の目の前のこの有志鉄線 この有志鉄線が収容所の鉄線です 5 
>0年前の鉄線が今も残っていました この鉄線のこちら側が収容所の敷地で 広大なこの砂漠の中に バラックが立ち並んでいたんです 本当に何にもないんですが 遥か彼方向 
>にトパーズさん 今度はトパーズ収容所の名前の由来となったトパーズさんが見えるだけなんですね。 今私が立っているこの辺りに美術学校があったということなんです。 砂 
>漠地帯の真ん中に建てられた収容所には、バラック以外何もなく、 日系人たちは生活に必要なものすべてを自分たちの手で作らなければなりませんでした。 昼は灼熱の太陽が 
>照りつけ、夜は凍てつく寒さが襲います。 一度砂嵐が吹き始めると、一週間もの間吹き荒れました。 バラックの中では隙間から侵入する細かい砂との戦いが一日中続きました 
>。 Teksting av Nicolai Winther 屋根もなく、電燈もなく、ストーブもなく、 土凍る高原の夜の寒さ肌を刺す。 屋具も足らず、みぞれふる鉄 
>椒。 七人連れの囚われの旅に心身共に疲れ果てたるサンタアナ寄りの人々 I was very disappointed. 
117I entered a very big place.
118There was nothing.
119There was no tree.
120I cried hard.
121Gammatte naita.
122Daka papa, dooshite mo yama no hon ni minasai.
123Me wa ati no hon ni minasai.
124Kirei na sunset, sunrise ga ala.
125Dooshite mo nature ga yoku surute.
126Shizenga.
127Gammatte.
128Spirit, jibun no kimochi ga yoku narte.
129Susume mashita.
130Obata Chiura was convinced that looking at the beauty of nature leads to hope fo
>r tomorrow. 
131The water tower, the symbol of the camp, and the clouds dyed in the sunset.
132雲や雲。 過酷な条件の中で、千浦の美術学校に込めた思いが感じられる作品です。 Topaz Art School opened several art exhib
>itions before the end of the war. 
133From Tampo Land to Topaz, there were friends who supported the art school starte
>d by Obata Chura. 
134日系二世のミネ・オークボー。 カリフォルニア大学バークレー校の美術学生だった彼女は、 タンホラン美術学校ではチューラと共に教師として参加しました。 Mine O
>kubo Mine Okubo is a work of art that depicts the world of despair and suffering 
> using wood. 
135Hibi Hisako draws the life of a housekeeper in detail from her mother's point of
> view. 
136中心から収容所の中の生活を細やかに描いています。 トッパーズ農場の収穫物 作品の裏には砂漠の荒野で果物と野菜を育て、届けてくれたトパーズの日本人農民に捧げると書
>かれています。 日比久子の夫、日比松桜の作品には小用手が度々登場します。 Candy 自由の象徴でもあります。 日比松三郎は尾端千浦にとって 渡米して間もない頃 
>からの親友でした。 丹波蘭からトパーズへと美術学校を運営していく上で 欠かせない協力者でした。 丹波蘭の美術学校を創立する時も Chiyura consults 
> with them daily. 
137With their cooperation, the art school is built.
138They are worried about whether the students will come.
139They are worried about whether the students will come.
140On the opening day, it was a big storm and it was raining cold.
141On the opening day, it was a big storm and it was raining cold.
142妻 SHEING P الس般 I think it was a very passionate feeling.
143The men who draw pictures in the twilight of Topaz.
144The joy of being able to draw in the Yushitesu line appears in the back.
145トパーズ美術学校で日比松三郎に絵の手ほどきを受けた人が今も健在でした。 ダン・ハラダさん72歳。日系2世として19歳の時に収容されました。 Harada-san
> was instructed to put a canvas on Hibi Matsusaburo, and he began to draw. 
146The test for the neutralization of America in 1943 changed his fate.
147Harada's life changed.
148The question was, can you deny the loyalty to the emperor?
149If you receive an order, do you have the will to fight as an American soldier?
150Harada answered these questions with no.
151Because of that, Harada was sent to the camp of Tool Lake, where only Japanese p
>eople with anti-American feelings were gathered. 
152Barak, a painting by Mr. Harada, is a black shadow that wraps around the barrack
>. 
153It represents Mr. Harada's feelings at the time.
154Harada-san is walking in the camp at night, and he says that it looked as if the
> barracks were lonely and looked like themselves. 
155自分たちのようだったと語っています。 秦さんにとって収容所時代というのは人生の中でどんな意味を持つのでしょうか?
156非常に今でも非常に Nante imasu ka, kokoro no naka ni, hitosu no kizu demo arimasu kedo, s
>ore to douji ni, watashi ni totte wa ijou ni kreative na, eio kakuge de kreative 
> na, jujitsu shita shidai deshita. 
157The four years of the school were days of humiliation for the Nikkei people.
158But the art school was a source of life, no doubt.
159August 14, 1945, Japan time, August 15, Hibi Matsusaburo left a painting on the 
>day of the final battle. 
160There is a man who is wandering around Kobe in the west of his homeland.
161廃墟 尾端千浦が広島に落とされた原爆のニュースを聞いて描いた作品です。 尾端千浦はこの絵を最後に、戦争にまつわる絵は二度と描きませんでした。 zombie вр
>ем 戦後なんですが、尾端千代は大学に復職しまして、 バークレー校の名誉教授を務めた後、退職するんですね。 その後は文化の架け橋としてアメリカに日本の文化を紹介 
>するということに人生を捧げたんですね。 文化の架け橋ということでいうと、たくさんの画家たちがアメリカに渡って、 国と国との間の文化を結ぼうとするわけですけど、  
>国と国との戦争という運命によって 強制収容所内が入れられてしまうと そこで大端千浦と日比松浦という人がやった 非常に大きな動きですよね 美術学校を作るという そ 
>れは非常に力強いものになっていたという意味では 貴重だったときがするんですよ 生活的に言うと 段原田さんが書いたりとか 美濃大久保さんが書いたりとか ああいうく 
>らいのところだったと思うんですけど それを何とかして変えていこうという その意思みたいなものは 非常に貴重だなって気がしますね。 それにしても、トパーズのね、  
>京成終業時の後に行ったんですけど、 本当に猛烈な風で、 あの日ちょうど気温が38度でしてね、 もうちょっとこういるだけで、 日差しが本当に強くて、ジリジリ痛いく 
>らいなんですよね。 で、あれだけの過酷な厳しい条件の中でも、 絶望しないで絵を描き続けたと、 非常に強靭な精神力ですかね、 それを思うんですが、 でも一方で、絵 
>を見ますと、 非常にその透明感がある、伸びやかな絵も非常に多いんですよね。 透明感というものがですね、本当に京成修行の中でもね、 ある種の高い志と言いましょうか 
>、 志を表すものなのかな、そういう思いをして描いてきたんですけれどもね。 尾形千代の絵の特質というのは、やはりその大胆で軽やかなところだと思うんですよね。 それ 
>があってこそ、やっぱりその母なる大地のようなところで、 緻密なそういう日本画の技法があるんですが、 でも、それを遥かに超えて、心情までも表すような、 抽象表現主 
>義のような形というものがあって、 その軽やかさが、やっぱりそういう意味でいうと、 希望をもたらすというか、そういう感じがあったんだろうなという気がしますね。 そ 
>の象徴的な色がチューラブルーですか、真っ青な、 本当カリフォルニアの青と、チューラブルー。本当に印象的でしたけれどもね。 オワタチューラの作品は日本で初公開です 
>が、その中羅の作品多数を含めますアメリカに生きた日系人画家たちの展覧会、10月1日までですが、東京都の庭園美術館で開かれています。 その後、大分と広島でも開かれ 
>る予定になっています。 Undertexter av Nicolai Winther Undertexter av Nicolai Winther Undert 
>exter av Nicolai Winther Undertexter av Nicolai Winther Undertexter av Nicolai W 
>inther Undertexter av Nicolai Winther Undertexter av Undertexter av Undertexter  
>av Nicolai Winther Undertexter av Undertexter av Undertexter av Undertexter av U 
>ndertexter av Undertexter av Undertexter av Nicolai Winther Undertexter av Nicol 
>ai Winther M driver hits the floor. 
162Ohh! многedd velder Please take a closer look.
163When you touch the switch...
164The heart...
165It becomes like this.
166That's the title of the game.
167This time, it's a self-destruction.
168It's interesting.
169It's interesting.
170I think the robot is waiting for someone.
171It's saying it's irritated.
172It's stepping on the ground.
173It looks like it's stepping on a tap.
174It feels very humorous.
175作品は機械を取り入れることによって動きを生み出している作品です。 生物を思わせる人質的な動きは、SLDを除く蒸気機関によるものです。 Nanamimata do
>ishu no takuhin wa说 上記やお盛りといった saikino dewa oda miruko de ni kihome ta Duos, har 
>itнакомe sko. 
176Idet 써, forinatisig帔ithiais Always-to-Be. разбaktt pål gettin som er b theCUBE s
>ound Unver antioxidant, kayию Проío … A eleven barrel brinecychлён du spontaneou 
>s jum Nerdонд주고 som kan regna van vra 만큼 utukes jega stille. 
177Det셨, eit gemaakt anld atmosfé 64 eit fogsj inflation erindert … S classified in
> New Zealand Studies , Undertexter av Undertexter av Undertexter av Undertexter  
>av Undertexter av Undertexter av Undertexter av Undertexter av Undertexter av Un 
>dertexter av Undertexter av Undertekster av Ai-Media Undertexter av Undertexter  
>av Undertekster av Ai-Media Undertexter av Undertexter av Nicolai Winther 
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+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bw689yg2740_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bw689yg2740_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7a7d22 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bw689yg2740_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,4763 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:01.980 --> 00:04.220 +The person who's going to say the blessing + +00:04.220 --> 00:07.820 +is Benny Shendo, who is the director of + +00:07.820 --> 00:09.900 +our American Indian program here at + +00:09.900 --> 00:12.780 +Stanford, and he's Hamas. + +00:16.200 --> 00:18.480 +I'm going to say the opening prayer in my + +00:18.480 --> 00:22.020 +own language. So also, as I say the + +00:22.020 --> 00:23.520 +prayer, you can say your own prayer as + +00:23.520 --> 00:23.680 +well. + +00:53.680 --> 00:57.480 +I feel that the people who are here today, + +00:58.460 --> 01:01.240 +they cannot go to the other side of the + +01:01.240 --> 01:03.700 +world, and they cannot go to the other + +01:03.700 --> 01:06.600 +side of the world, and they cannot go to + +01:06.600 --> 01:07.900 +the other side of the world, and they + +01:07.900 --> 01:09.120 +cannot go to the other side of the world, + +01:09.120 --> 01:13.760 +and they cannot go to the other side of + +01:13.760 --> 01:18.120 +the world, and they cannot + +01:18.120 --> 01:24.020 +go to the other side of the world, . + +01:41.560 --> 01:44.400 +OK. I guess we're going to go ahead and + +01:44.400 --> 01:46.540 +get started. So everyone can be seated. + +01:46.540 --> 01:52.780 +AND FIND + +01:52.780 --> 01:53.220 +A SEAT. + +02:20.820 --> 02:25.100 +Okay, just to, we want to welcome you to + +02:25.100 --> 02:27.060 +Stanford University, everyone who's come + +02:27.060 --> 02:30.000 +from other universities. My name is Rania + +02:30.000 --> 02:34.400 +Ramirez. I'm a part of SNAG, which is + +02:34.400 --> 02:37.320 +Stanford Native American Graduate Group, + +02:37.320 --> 02:42.240 +and we helped put put this conference + +02:42.240 --> 02:47.020 +together or this forum together. We just + +02:47.020 --> 02:49.640 +want to say that this is supposed to be + +02:49.640 --> 02:52.820 +like a conversation. The way it's going to + +02:52.820 --> 02:56.960 +work is each person who is going to talk + +02:56.960 --> 02:59.240 +about their work is going to come and sit + +02:59.240 --> 03:01.620 +at this point in the table, mainly because + +03:01.620 --> 03:03.980 +we are videotaping the event. + +03:07.520 --> 03:10.260 +And we'll present for about 10 minutes. + +03:10.260 --> 03:13.860 +and then the rest of the time will be for + +03:13.860 --> 03:17.200 +basically a conversation just to talk + +03:17.200 --> 03:19.600 +about you know the issues that were + +03:19.600 --> 03:24.260 +brought up in the presentation maybe some + +03:24.260 --> 03:27.120 +similar experiences we've had doing doing + +03:27.120 --> 03:31.400 +research just you know very informal you + +03:31.400 --> 03:33.320 +know we want people to feel comfortable + +03:33.320 --> 03:38.760 +and just just really enjoy the day. We're + +03:38.760 --> 03:42.680 +going to start out with Benny Shendo who's + +03:42.680 --> 03:44.880 +going to come up and say a few words and + +03:44.880 --> 03:48.040 +then after Benny Shendo will be Jim + +03:48.040 --> 03:51.880 +Larimore who used to be the director of + +03:51.880 --> 03:53.980 +our American Indian program office but is + +03:53.980 --> 03:57.220 +now the acting dean of students here at + +03:57.220 --> 03:57.560 +the university. + +04:04.140 --> 04:08.620 +Again, I'd just like to welcome all of you + +04:08.620 --> 04:14.540 +to the second annual research forum. As + +04:14.540 --> 04:16.620 +Rania mentioned, I'm the Assistant Dean of + +04:16.620 --> 04:18.260 +Students and also Director of our American + +04:18.260 --> 04:21.980 +Indian program. I'm new to Stanford. I've + +04:21.980 --> 04:25.600 +been here for going on my seventh month, + +04:25.720 --> 04:29.360 +but it's been really good. When Gil + +04:29.360 --> 04:32.660 +mentioned this forum last year, they had + +04:32.660 --> 04:35.620 +their first annual, it really got me + +04:35.620 --> 04:37.040 +excited because it was one of the things + +04:37.040 --> 04:39.280 +that we really wanted to do is, you know, + +04:39.280 --> 04:41.640 +what are some of our students doing in + +04:41.640 --> 04:44.020 +terms of scholarship and work that affect + +04:44.020 --> 04:47.120 +Native communities. So we talked about it + +04:47.120 --> 04:49.360 +and we began to brainstorm it. We did it + +04:49.360 --> 04:51.280 +last year, it was very informal, and it + +04:51.280 --> 04:53.180 +was a wonderful experience. We wanted to + +04:53.180 --> 04:54.780 +keep it that way. We wanted it to be a + +04:54.780 --> 04:59.460 +conversation, a discussion, so that we + +04:59.460 --> 05:03.560 +could really get a lot out of it. So we + +05:03.560 --> 05:07.320 +planned it, and Renia has been very, both + +05:07.320 --> 05:08.900 +Renia and Gail have been very instrumental + +05:09.260 --> 05:13.040 +in making this happen again. So I'd just + +05:13.040 --> 05:15.040 +like to welcome all of you on behalf of + +05:15.040 --> 05:16.600 +our American Indian and Alaska Native + +05:16.600 --> 05:19.000 +program at Stanford. So I hope you enjoy + +05:19.000 --> 05:21.160 +your day. Jim? + +05:26.440 --> 05:29.380 +I guess this is kind of an unusual thing + +05:29.380 --> 05:30.660 +for me because, as Renia mentioned, I've + +05:30.660 --> 05:34.460 +been kind of changing my professional + +05:34.460 --> 05:36.800 +identities around Stanford for the last + +05:36.800 --> 05:40.100 +year or so and have made a series of + +05:40.100 --> 05:42.520 +shifts. And the shifts that have come have + +05:42.520 --> 05:45.000 +been after serving for nine years as the + +05:45.000 --> 05:46.360 +director for the American Indian program, + +05:46.960 --> 05:50.040 +making a break and starting full-time as a + +05:50.040 --> 05:51.260 +doctoral student over in the School of + +05:51.260 --> 05:53.440 +Education in higher ed and administration + +05:53.440 --> 05:56.260 +and policy analysis last fall. And after + +05:56.260 --> 05:58.920 +six months of being a student, taking a + +05:58.920 --> 06:00.840 +leave and stepping in as the acting dean + +06:00.840 --> 06:03.200 +of students here, and after my first week + +06:03.200 --> 06:04.900 +on the job, which was just this past week, + +06:05.000 --> 06:06.020 +I can't tell you how much I'm looking + +06:06.020 --> 06:07.340 +forward to going back to being a student + +06:07.340 --> 06:11.300 +again in September and just getting much + +06:11.300 --> 06:13.800 +more in touch with classroom life, with + +06:13.800 --> 06:17.440 +research and with a chance to really focus + +06:17.440 --> 06:20.420 +on thinking hard about things, on kind of + +06:20.420 --> 06:22.400 +how things are, how they got that way, and + +06:22.400 --> 06:25.380 +maybe how they could be. And so this is, + +06:25.400 --> 06:28.580 +for me, a little bit of a homecoming in + +06:28.580 --> 06:31.940 +being back involved with the community + +06:32.880 --> 06:35.680 +after trying to maintain a little bit of + +06:35.680 --> 06:37.960 +distance to help my own transition this + +06:37.960 --> 06:40.660 +year. And so it's a real kind of honor and + +06:40.660 --> 06:42.600 +a pleasure to be among all the folks that + +06:42.600 --> 06:45.500 +are here this morning. I spoke yesterday + +06:45.500 --> 06:47.760 +afternoon with Condoleezza Rice, our + +06:47.760 --> 06:50.300 +university provost, and it was then that + +06:50.300 --> 06:52.060 +she informed me that she had a scheduling + +06:52.060 --> 06:54.060 +conflict that had come up with a gathering + +06:54.060 --> 06:57.220 +up in San Francisco. And so Condi asked me + +06:57.220 --> 06:59.580 +if I would extend a welcome on behalf of + +06:59.580 --> 07:01.800 +the university to folks that have traveled + +07:01.800 --> 07:04.680 +from other schools, other places here in + +07:04.680 --> 07:07.040 +California and elsewhere to be with us + +07:07.040 --> 07:10.120 +today. and and so I hope that it looks + +07:10.120 --> 07:12.000 +from looking out behind the camera and out + +07:12.000 --> 07:14.260 +the window that that this may be the kind + +07:14.260 --> 07:15.920 +of Stanford weather and Northern + +07:15.920 --> 07:18.340 +California weather that we're accustomed + +07:18.340 --> 07:20.480 +to here and so I hope that the + +07:20.480 --> 07:22.560 +surroundings will be pleasant and in + +07:22.560 --> 07:24.500 +supportive of the kind of thinking and + +07:24.500 --> 07:26.420 +talking that you all want to try and do + +07:26.420 --> 07:30.600 +today as as Benny was it was doing his + +07:30.600 --> 07:33.520 +opening prayer for this this gathering + +07:33.520 --> 07:37.080 +this morning it reminded me of how how + +07:37.080 --> 07:39.900 +important it is that as people gather that + +07:39.900 --> 07:41.780 +we pray, and as we pray that we pray for + +07:41.780 --> 07:44.260 +wisdom, among other things. And that the + +07:44.260 --> 07:46.980 +wisdom that we seek is in order to make + +07:46.980 --> 07:49.520 +life better for those around us, to make + +07:49.520 --> 07:52.420 +life better for those among us, and also + +07:52.420 --> 07:54.100 +to try and make life better for those yet + +07:54.100 --> 07:57.400 +to come. And I think that, for me, + +07:57.440 --> 07:59.420 +represents the spirit of what American + +07:59.420 --> 08:01.580 +Indian and Alaska Native research is + +08:01.580 --> 08:05.020 +about. We have been researchers and + +08:05.020 --> 08:08.240 +scholars for thousands of years and it may + +08:08.240 --> 08:10.000 +not have been things that have been + +08:10.000 --> 08:11.680 +written down and recorded in the forms + +08:11.680 --> 08:14.340 +that universities are used to. But I think + +08:14.340 --> 08:16.420 +you can find no better example of + +08:16.420 --> 08:19.080 +scholarship and humane scholarship than + +08:19.080 --> 08:20.580 +the kind of knowledge that exists within + +08:20.580 --> 08:21.920 +our communities, the kind of knowledge + +08:21.920 --> 08:24.320 +that people are about working with and + +08:24.320 --> 08:28.200 +creating and passing on. And so I want to + +08:28.200 --> 08:32.800 +say, again, on behalf of myself and for + +08:32.800 --> 08:35.060 +the university, that this is an important + +08:35.060 --> 08:37.460 +gathering and that this marks, I think, a + +08:37.460 --> 08:39.820 +real turning point for the way that we can + +08:39.820 --> 08:41.420 +support each other and the way that we can + +08:41.420 --> 08:44.060 +support students and support faculty, + +08:44.280 --> 08:46.600 +tenured and otherwise, in the pursuits and + +08:46.600 --> 08:48.820 +the kinds of pressures that they face in + +08:48.820 --> 08:53.320 +their lives. As people go through the day, + +08:53.520 --> 08:58.220 +what I would like to suggest or offer as a + +08:58.220 --> 09:00.040 +way of thinking about this is that people + +09:00.040 --> 09:02.940 +realize that this is a time, some of you + +09:02.940 --> 09:04.220 +may have met each other, you may have come + +09:04.220 --> 09:05.800 +with friends from other campuses, but this + +09:05.800 --> 09:07.600 +is a real opportunity to get to know + +09:07.600 --> 09:09.740 +people that you may come in contact with + +09:09.740 --> 09:12.700 +on an infrequent basis, people that you + +09:12.700 --> 09:14.900 +may not see until maybe during Powell + +09:14.900 --> 09:16.360 +season, and you'll see folks around + +09:16.360 --> 09:18.540 +different places, faces that you might + +09:18.540 --> 09:20.140 +recognize in different parts of the + +09:20.140 --> 09:21.860 +country at different meetings or community + +09:21.860 --> 09:24.220 +gatherings. And so I hope that during the + +09:24.220 --> 09:26.220 +day you'll take the opportunity to get to + +09:26.220 --> 09:29.240 +know some folks that may not be from where + +09:29.240 --> 09:31.840 +you're from and get a chance to help + +09:31.840 --> 09:34.200 +establish a tighter community base for all + +09:34.200 --> 09:37.140 +of us that way. I would also like to + +09:37.140 --> 09:38.900 +suggest that maybe there are a few + +09:38.900 --> 09:41.200 +different ways to think about how this + +09:41.200 --> 09:43.340 +gathering is situated and what this + +09:43.340 --> 09:46.080 +represents because I think it's important + +09:46.080 --> 09:48.820 +to be able to look at this assembly of + +09:48.820 --> 09:50.540 +people and to look back at how this + +09:50.540 --> 09:52.660 +connects with our past. And to think about + +09:52.660 --> 09:54.160 +how this connects you with previous + +09:54.160 --> 09:56.900 +generations within your own tribe, within + +09:56.900 --> 09:58.720 +your own communities, within the campus + +09:58.720 --> 10:00.520 +communities that you're a part of, within + +10:00.520 --> 10:02.660 +the whole idea of knowledge and what that + +10:02.660 --> 10:05.260 +represents for our communities. And so as + +10:05.260 --> 10:08.840 +you're here and as you're hopefully going + +10:08.840 --> 10:10.040 +through some of the excitement about + +10:10.040 --> 10:12.120 +thinking about things that people are + +10:12.120 --> 10:13.360 +going to present, you'll be able to feel + +10:13.360 --> 10:14.680 +some connection with those that have been + +10:14.680 --> 10:17.120 +here before you. I also hope that you'll + +10:17.120 --> 10:18.920 +feel a sense of that connection with the + +10:18.920 --> 10:20.940 +people that are here with you today, and + +10:20.940 --> 10:22.960 +that as you listen to people and engage in + +10:22.960 --> 10:24.740 +some discussions with each other, that + +10:24.740 --> 10:27.520 +you'll be able to do that in a friendly, + +10:27.740 --> 10:30.280 +cooperative, but even challenging way with + +10:30.280 --> 10:31.960 +each other, and to really help push each + +10:31.960 --> 10:34.740 +other to the best and the hardest thinking + +10:34.740 --> 10:37.160 +that you can do about things. And finally, + +10:37.360 --> 10:40.340 +which kind of brings me back to my old + +10:40.340 --> 10:44.140 +life, being, I think, more involved on a + +10:44.140 --> 10:46.540 +regular basis with the community here, I + +10:46.540 --> 10:48.800 +really hope that you'll carry some things + +10:48.800 --> 10:50.720 +away from this weekend that are going to + +10:50.720 --> 10:52.640 +help you within your own communities and + +10:52.640 --> 10:53.940 +especially that are going to help you + +10:53.940 --> 10:55.740 +reach out to one more person, one more + +10:55.740 --> 10:58.660 +student, whether they're a very young kid, + +10:58.760 --> 11:01.160 +whether they're in elementary school or + +11:01.160 --> 11:03.020 +junior high or high school, or maybe a + +11:03.020 --> 11:04.340 +college student on your own campus. + +11:04.520 --> 11:06.360 +Because the ultimate measure of how + +11:06.360 --> 11:09.360 +successful we are is going to be how much + +11:09.360 --> 11:11.320 +we're able to do to bring more people + +11:11.320 --> 11:13.480 +along with us. And so the knowledge, the + +11:13.480 --> 11:15.780 +kind of energy that you pick up today, I + +11:15.780 --> 11:17.680 +hope sustains you in your own activities, + +11:17.880 --> 11:21.000 +but I hope also helps you in your work as + +11:21.000 --> 11:22.900 +a community leader, as someone who has + +11:22.900 --> 11:25.940 +influence, as someone whose actions and + +11:25.940 --> 11:28.400 +thoughts and words carry a great deal of + +11:28.400 --> 11:30.420 +power. And so with that, I just want to + +11:30.420 --> 11:32.600 +say thanks to all of you for making the + +11:32.600 --> 11:35.820 +trip here early on a Saturday morning when + +11:35.820 --> 11:38.060 +I know that you've all been no doubt + +11:38.060 --> 11:39.720 +working hard on other things and we're + +11:39.720 --> 11:41.480 +getting up early this morning. It may not + +11:41.480 --> 11:43.860 +have been kind of what your original + +11:43.860 --> 11:46.620 +intention had been some time ago. We're + +11:46.620 --> 11:50.020 +just glad to have you here. And one final + +11:50.020 --> 11:52.080 +thing for, I guess I'll pass this along to + +11:52.080 --> 11:54.620 +Raina, is as the day goes on, you may find + +11:54.620 --> 11:56.360 +that you're in need of a break or + +11:56.360 --> 11:58.900 +something a little bit different. And so + +11:58.900 --> 12:01.520 +given that this is research, and I think + +12:01.520 --> 12:03.740 +sometimes people have fairly defined, + +12:03.880 --> 12:06.440 +rigid conceptions of research, I wanted to + +12:06.440 --> 12:08.700 +bring along a piece of poetry that was + +12:08.700 --> 12:10.800 +written by an Osage writer and poet named + +12:10.800 --> 12:13.860 +Dwayne Big Eagle, who has a poem entitled + +12:13.860 --> 12:15.720 +My Grandfather Was a Quantum Physicist + +12:15.720 --> 12:18.420 +that some of you may be familiar with. And + +12:18.420 --> 12:20.160 +so if there's a break and you need + +12:20.160 --> 12:23.140 +something a little kind of interesting and + +12:23.140 --> 12:25.580 +scholarly in a different way, I hope that + +12:25.580 --> 12:26.920 +this might be a benefit to you as well. + +12:28.660 --> 12:30.360 +Anyway, that's it. That's as long-winded + +12:30.360 --> 12:31.680 +as I can get speaking for me and the + +12:31.680 --> 12:35.100 +provost. Anyway, welcome. I'm glad that + +12:35.100 --> 12:38.920 +you're all here. Thanks, Jim. + +12:42.580 --> 12:45.880 +What we wanted to do also is if the + +12:45.880 --> 12:48.380 +professors who brought students, if they + +12:48.380 --> 12:50.460 +could introduce their students, you know, + +12:50.480 --> 12:52.660 +their name and their field and all that + +12:52.660 --> 12:56.400 +kind of thing. So we're going to go ahead + +12:56.400 --> 12:58.020 +and get started. + +13:00.740 --> 13:04.940 +So I'm going to let the professor from + +13:04.940 --> 13:08.360 +James here do the introductions. + +13:11.440 --> 13:12.660 +I just want to move up here a little. + +13:15.800 --> 13:18.260 +Let me just stand up for a minute so I can + +13:18.260 --> 13:19.240 +see everybody. + +13:22.600 --> 13:26.220 +I'm very glad to be here again. This year, + +13:26.280 --> 13:28.620 +I'm kind of reflecting, as we begin this + +13:28.620 --> 13:30.920 +day, on what we did last year. And it + +13:30.920 --> 13:33.540 +occurs to me that we've doubled in several + +13:33.540 --> 13:36.180 +ways. We've doubled in terms of the number + +13:36.180 --> 13:37.660 +of schools that are represented here. I + +13:37.660 --> 13:39.260 +think last year, it was just Stanford and + +13:39.260 --> 13:41.560 +UC Santa Cruz. and this year we've got + +13:41.560 --> 13:43.540 +people from Mills College and UC Berkeley + +13:43.540 --> 13:46.100 +is here too, is that right? So we're up to + +13:46.100 --> 13:47.680 +four schools in this area. That's + +13:47.680 --> 13:50.220 +exciting. We've doubled in the size of the + +13:50.220 --> 13:53.500 +room. That's always encouraging. We + +13:53.500 --> 13:55.440 +wouldn't have had enough room if we'd been + +13:55.440 --> 13:58.460 +back in that old space. And I've noticed, + +13:58.540 --> 14:00.120 +too, that we've doubled in the amount that + +14:00.120 --> 14:01.920 +Gil Ramirez is eating so far. + +14:05.980 --> 14:09.180 +I owed you one there. + +14:12.520 --> 14:15.800 +I had heard a lot of good things over the + +14:15.800 --> 14:17.280 +years about Jim Larimore, and it's been + +14:17.280 --> 14:20.500 +really nice to get a chance to meet him + +14:20.500 --> 14:22.540 +here this morning. And I feel like I've + +14:22.540 --> 14:25.460 +learned some things already. Although I'd + +14:25.460 --> 14:26.920 +heard what a wonderful person he was, I + +14:26.920 --> 14:28.360 +didn't realize how wise and knowledgeable + +14:28.360 --> 14:29.720 +he is because he said everything that I + +14:29.720 --> 14:32.340 +wanted to say. So I know he must be wise + +14:32.340 --> 14:36.420 +and knowledgeable. He said a lot of good + +14:36.420 --> 14:38.920 +things for us to keep in mind, and I don't + +14:38.920 --> 14:42.900 +have too much, nor should I really add to + +14:42.900 --> 14:45.000 +what he said. I do think this is an + +14:45.000 --> 14:47.520 +unusual event. I think that each one of us + +14:47.520 --> 14:51.220 +can think back in our own lives in + +14:51.220 --> 14:53.440 +whatever stage of the educational process + +14:53.440 --> 14:56.160 +that we may be in, and I mean the kind of + +14:56.160 --> 14:58.980 +restricted institutional formal kind of + +14:58.980 --> 15:01.140 +education that most of us in this room are + +15:01.140 --> 15:02.800 +involved in in one way or another. There's + +15:02.800 --> 15:04.980 +other kinds of education, other kinds of + +15:04.980 --> 15:08.280 +knowledge that maybe aren't as widely + +15:08.280 --> 15:10.560 +recognized as such by a lot of people as + +15:10.560 --> 15:12.660 +Jim has suggested. But certainly we can + +15:12.660 --> 15:14.300 +all think about our experiences in the + +15:14.300 --> 15:17.080 +educational institutions and realize that + +15:17.080 --> 15:19.040 +an event like this is a pretty unusual + +15:19.040 --> 15:21.620 +occurrence, or we can just come together + +15:21.620 --> 15:25.640 +in what has appropriately been called a + +15:25.640 --> 15:27.400 +research forum for American Indians, + +15:27.400 --> 15:33.220 +without having to defend the legitimacy of + +15:33.220 --> 15:36.280 +the kinds of concerns and questions and + +15:36.280 --> 15:39.420 +topics that we are concerned with before + +15:39.420 --> 15:42.120 +any kind of wider audience. So we can come + +15:42.120 --> 15:44.740 +together and talk to each other. That + +15:44.740 --> 15:46.360 +doesn't mean we all think alike. It + +15:46.360 --> 15:47.500 +doesn't mean that we all are going to + +15:47.500 --> 15:49.380 +approach any given issue in the same way. + +15:49.380 --> 15:51.940 +But that we can really come into this room + +15:51.940 --> 15:55.900 +and this space with a sense of community, + +15:56.260 --> 15:59.900 +of mutual understanding and respect and + +15:59.900 --> 16:01.200 +concern and have a meaningful + +16:01.200 --> 16:03.960 +conversation. We can say some things, talk + +16:03.960 --> 16:09.480 +about our own specific projects and also + +16:09.480 --> 16:11.040 +have a chance to learn from each other. + +16:11.040 --> 16:13.980 +Now I think one of the real ways in which + +16:13.980 --> 16:16.880 +the educational system fails us is when it + +16:16.880 --> 16:18.800 +creates a competitive environment that + +16:18.800 --> 16:21.780 +says that your worth is dependent on your + +16:21.780 --> 16:24.560 +GPA or the comments that the teacher + +16:24.560 --> 16:27.880 +writes on your paper or how you compare + +16:27.880 --> 16:32.080 +with other people. We know, I think, from + +16:32.080 --> 16:34.080 +a variety of different kinds of + +16:34.080 --> 16:36.560 +backgrounds that that kind of basis for + +16:36.560 --> 16:40.580 +human worth is not real solid. It actually + +16:40.580 --> 16:43.200 +contributes to a lot of the kinds of + +16:43.200 --> 16:45.440 +problems that we see in our society and in + +16:45.440 --> 16:48.340 +our own lives. So I would just kind of + +16:48.340 --> 16:50.620 +call that to our attention this morning, + +16:50.680 --> 16:52.860 +that we can kind of come to this with a + +16:52.860 --> 16:54.280 +different frame of mind, with a different + +16:54.280 --> 16:56.920 +understanding about what a human being is + +16:56.920 --> 16:58.880 +and what the importance of human + +16:58.880 --> 17:00.820 +creativity is. That doesn't mean that we + +17:00.820 --> 17:02.900 +can't challenge each other, that we can't + +17:02.900 --> 17:05.660 +push each other to think about issues in + +17:05.660 --> 17:07.220 +ways that we haven't looked at. I know I + +17:07.220 --> 17:10.240 +want to be challenged. I'm unfortunately + +17:10.240 --> 17:11.820 +not going to be here for the whole day. + +17:11.920 --> 17:15.000 +I'm going to Duluth, Minnesota, where I'm + +17:15.000 --> 17:16.600 +going to participate in the Tribal + +17:16.600 --> 17:18.880 +Colleges Consortium Annual Conference, + +17:19.060 --> 17:20.540 +something I've been looking forward to + +17:20.540 --> 17:23.980 +very well and for quite a long time and + +17:23.980 --> 17:26.360 +I'm going to be giving a kind of a + +17:26.360 --> 17:28.840 +workshop not really a I'm not going to + +17:28.840 --> 17:30.580 +make a presentation so much as a workshop + +17:30.580 --> 17:32.160 +on some things that I've been working on + +17:32.160 --> 17:34.260 +in Santa Cruz and mainly not because I + +17:34.260 --> 17:35.760 +think I have something to teach them but + +17:35.760 --> 17:37.640 +because I want to hear what they have to + +17:37.640 --> 17:39.640 +say to me from the tribal college context + +17:39.640 --> 17:43.080 +you know what we do at UC Santa Cruz so I + +17:43.080 --> 17:45.180 +think all of us can benefit from those + +17:45.180 --> 17:48.800 +kinds of feedback and and critique but + +17:48.800 --> 17:50.700 +that there's a way in which we can do that + +17:50.700 --> 17:53.280 +that builds builds us up as a community + +17:53.280 --> 17:55.420 +that builds us up as individuals rather + +17:55.420 --> 17:58.000 +than as in a sense of that well I have to + +17:58.000 --> 18:00.500 +show that I'm sharper than this person or + +18:00.500 --> 18:01.920 +I've thought about this a little more than + +18:01.920 --> 18:03.680 +they have or that there's any kind of a + +18:03.680 --> 18:06.820 +competitive competitive atmosphere you + +18:06.820 --> 18:10.040 +know we're all here for a reason this this + +18:10.040 --> 18:12.660 +forum has been facilitated and organized + +18:12.660 --> 18:16.680 +very very well by Iranian and and Gil + +18:16.680 --> 18:18.980 +Ramirez, and we owe them a lot of thanks. + +18:19.100 --> 18:20.280 +And I hope at the end of the day that + +18:20.280 --> 18:21.960 +you'll, or throughout the day that you'll + +18:21.960 --> 18:24.240 +have a chance to just express your + +18:24.240 --> 18:26.700 +appreciation for their work on this. But + +18:26.700 --> 18:29.240 +they've brought each of you here, you + +18:29.240 --> 18:32.260 +know, for a reason. And so there's nobody + +18:32.260 --> 18:34.840 +here that has to prove that they have a + +18:34.840 --> 18:36.140 +right to be here or that they have + +18:36.140 --> 18:37.860 +something to say. We're all kind of in + +18:37.860 --> 18:41.020 +this together, if you will. So I'm just + +18:41.020 --> 18:44.200 +gonna stop there there and maybe suggest a + +18:44.200 --> 18:48.040 +little bit about process. One of the ways + +18:48.040 --> 18:50.280 +we do have to sort of accommodate to the + +18:50.280 --> 18:52.740 +kinds of rules and regulations we've come + +18:52.740 --> 18:54.420 +to know on the institution has to do with + +18:54.420 --> 18:57.400 +the problem of time. And that is we've got + +18:57.400 --> 18:58.880 +a lot of people with a lot of good things + +18:58.880 --> 19:02.040 +to say here. And I know if we were maybe + +19:02.040 --> 19:05.460 +out at a community event or at an annual + +19:05.460 --> 19:09.660 +pow hour festival of some type, maybe we + +19:09.660 --> 19:11.900 +could put our watches away. way, but for + +19:11.900 --> 19:13.780 +the purposes of getting everyone a chance + +19:13.780 --> 19:15.540 +to speak, we are going to have to monitor + +19:15.540 --> 19:17.780 +the time just a little bit. So I'm going + +19:17.780 --> 19:20.120 +to, at least for the morning, I'll be + +19:20.120 --> 19:21.820 +gone. In the afternoon, you can handle it + +19:21.820 --> 19:24.460 +as you like, but for the morning, I think + +19:24.460 --> 19:26.080 +I'll just sit up here, and I'll probably + +19:26.080 --> 19:27.780 +prompt people when they get to about the + +19:27.780 --> 19:30.460 +10-minute mark with a slip of paper, and + +19:30.460 --> 19:31.880 +then give them about two more minutes just + +19:31.880 --> 19:34.600 +to wrap it up, and then we'll go from + +19:34.600 --> 19:36.360 +there into a time of question and answer, + +19:36.460 --> 19:38.400 +and really be thinking about, you know, + +19:38.400 --> 19:40.480 +engaging and listening listening actively, + +19:40.840 --> 19:42.820 +not just listening passively, but what's + +19:42.820 --> 19:44.780 +really being said and what's significant + +19:44.780 --> 19:46.220 +about what's going on here, and what might + +19:46.220 --> 19:48.220 +you be able to contribute. We'll also try + +19:48.220 --> 19:50.920 +to keep the questions to a fairly short + +19:50.920 --> 19:53.620 +format. If you want to make a speech, talk + +19:53.620 --> 19:55.040 +to Rani and she'll put you on the program. + +19:55.340 --> 19:58.640 +But if you just want to add another angle + +19:58.640 --> 20:00.620 +of thinking about something or ask a + +20:00.620 --> 20:01.940 +question, that would be the appropriate + +20:01.940 --> 20:03.500 +way, and we'll try to get as many people + +20:03.500 --> 20:05.700 +involved in that dialogue as possible. In + +20:05.700 --> 20:06.940 +fact, I was also going to suggest, if + +20:06.940 --> 20:09.840 +there's a couple people in the back tables + +20:09.840 --> 20:12.360 +who want to move up to these two seats in + +20:12.360 --> 20:13.720 +the front here, there's still a couple of + +20:13.720 --> 20:15.740 +open if you want to be part of this closer + +20:15.740 --> 20:19.580 +circle here. I just wanted to add that I + +20:19.580 --> 20:22.100 +asked Robert Warrior if he could help + +20:22.100 --> 20:25.180 +facilitate the question and answer. So if + +20:25.180 --> 20:28.120 +you want to say something, just kind of + +20:28.120 --> 20:30.540 +look at Robert and maybe just make a sign + +20:30.540 --> 20:32.740 +or something, and then he can kind of help + +20:32.740 --> 20:34.780 +with that. Do you want to move up here? + +20:34.880 --> 20:35.020 +Yeah. + +20:42.340 --> 20:45.460 +Anybody else that wants to just make a + +20:45.460 --> 20:47.380 +comment before we get going here, or a + +20:47.380 --> 20:50.020 +response of any type to the opening + +20:50.020 --> 20:52.040 +comments? The other thing I wanted to do, + +20:52.100 --> 20:58.300 +just before we began, is which I wanted to + +20:58.300 --> 20:59.620 +go around the room and make sure everyone + +20:59.620 --> 21:02.100 +just said their name, their tribe, and + +21:02.100 --> 21:06.360 +their school. Cool. So I don't know. Maybe + +21:06.360 --> 21:15.140 +start back here. Clay, . Ojibwe. Jim , + +21:15.140 --> 21:17.400 +still from Stanford Convention Center. + +21:18.790 --> 21:23.840 +Lloyd Lee from Stanford. from Stanford. + +21:24.910 --> 21:27.600 +from Stanford. + +21:57.960 --> 22:00.440 +James Treet, Boston, Dallas, San + +22:00.440 --> 22:04.040 +Francisco, Miami, Miami, Miami, UC + +22:04.040 --> 22:07.860 +Berkeley, Tony, Shandong, and Hainesville. + +22:09.140 --> 22:12.020 +Jake DeManico, Bailey, Stockton, Fox, + +22:12.120 --> 22:15.260 +Oklahoma, UC Santa Cruz. Lawrence Tobar, + +22:15.280 --> 22:18.780 +Comanche, Stanford. Terry Greaves, Kiowa, + +22:18.880 --> 22:23.500 +UCSC. And I'm James Treet, Creek, teaching + +22:23.500 --> 22:26.340 +at UC Santa Cruz. So. So, I'm here with + +22:26.340 --> 22:28.660 +Nana Cook and from Stanford. + +22:31.160 --> 22:33.500 +Rainer Maris, Winnebago and Chippewa from + +22:33.500 --> 22:36.800 +Stanford. Melinda Meco, Sunil Creek and + +22:36.800 --> 22:39.680 +Choctaw from Mills College. Jessica A. + +22:39.680 --> 22:43.100 +Navajo, San Luis, New Stanford. Allen + +22:43.100 --> 22:46.460 +Brown, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Colorado, and . + +23:02.840 --> 23:04.960 +I'm Larry Gross from Minnesota Chippewa. + +23:05.680 --> 23:07.380 +Right now I'm at Smith College in + +23:07.380 --> 23:09.540 +Northampton, Massachusetts. I've come a + +23:09.540 --> 23:10.720 +long way for this symposium. + +23:22.580 --> 23:25.280 +Yeah, if at the end of the day you feel + +23:25.280 --> 23:27.500 +like it wasn't good, see Tina about + +23:27.500 --> 23:30.140 +getting your money back. She'll be glad to + +23:30.140 --> 23:31.880 +help you out. Not on the flight, just the + +23:31.880 --> 23:32.380 +registration. + +23:36.160 --> 23:38.040 +Okay, well, let's begin then. Oh, I'm + +23:38.040 --> 23:41.200 +sorry. Yes, Gil? I just wanted to say, for + +23:41.200 --> 23:43.040 +those people that are not from here, kind + +23:43.040 --> 23:44.560 +of some important things, the bathrooms + +23:44.560 --> 23:47.420 +are downstairs. There's a men's bathroom + +23:47.420 --> 23:49.980 +right below here. And the women's bathroom + +23:49.980 --> 23:56.120 +is down the hall. Anyone else? Okay, we'll + +23:56.120 --> 23:58.800 +go ahead and get started then. It's my + +23:58.800 --> 24:01.860 +pleasure to introduce our first presenter + +24:01.860 --> 24:04.500 +from UC Santa Cruz, Terry Greaves' Kiowa. + +24:04.500 --> 24:06.480 +She's listed as history of consciousness, + +24:06.800 --> 24:09.300 +which is sort of wishful thinking on + +24:09.300 --> 24:10.960 +somebody's part, not mine. She's actually + +24:10.960 --> 24:13.100 +in American studies. I wish I could + +24:13.100 --> 24:14.680 +convince her to stick around and be a grad + +24:14.680 --> 24:16.720 +student at ISKCON so I could continue to + +24:16.720 --> 24:18.300 +work with her. But she's a graduating + +24:18.300 --> 24:21.460 +senior. And she's teaching a student + +24:21.460 --> 24:23.500 +-directed seminar this quarter, which is + +24:23.500 --> 24:26.260 +her last quarter, titled Indians, + +24:26.500 --> 24:28.620 +Redskins, Bucks, and Squaws, Images of + +24:28.620 --> 24:30.980 +Indians in American Popular Culture, which + +24:30.980 --> 24:32.880 +just started on Wednesday. She's only had + +24:32.880 --> 24:35.400 +one meeting. She's going to talk to us + +24:35.400 --> 24:37.340 +about her research, which she's been + +24:37.340 --> 24:39.820 +working on for a year or so, that went + +24:39.820 --> 24:41.280 +into the course, and then talk about her + +24:41.280 --> 24:43.020 +course design and some of the things, the + +24:43.020 --> 24:45.420 +kinds of methodological and theoretical + +24:45.420 --> 24:48.000 +issues that that raises. And I think it's + +24:48.000 --> 24:51.260 +a topic that we all can relate to at some + +24:51.260 --> 24:53.720 +level and hopefully will provoke some good + +24:53.720 --> 24:57.580 +discussion that may actually feed into her + +24:57.580 --> 25:02.600 +course too. So, Terri? Well, like you + +25:02.600 --> 25:07.200 +said, I'm teaching this class and, well, I + +25:07.200 --> 25:08.620 +guess I'm going to be a little more + +25:08.620 --> 25:14.860 +autobiographical than theoretical. But the + +25:14.860 --> 25:18.260 +reason why I started this, this class was + +25:18.260 --> 25:20.660 +going to be my thesis. And the reason why + +25:20.660 --> 25:22.460 +I started looking into images of Indians + +25:22.460 --> 25:26.860 +is because my mom owned an Indian arts and + +25:26.860 --> 25:28.940 +crafts store on Wind River Reservation in + +25:28.940 --> 25:34.060 +Wyoming. And my entire life, all the money + +25:34.060 --> 25:37.420 +that we've survived off of has come from + +25:37.420 --> 25:41.300 +selling Indian things and has come from + +25:41.300 --> 25:46.560 +consumers want of those Indian things and + +25:46.560 --> 25:50.540 +that identity. and I remember being a + +25:50.540 --> 25:52.880 +little girl and my mother always used to + +25:52.880 --> 25:55.820 +keep our hair in braids and we used to + +25:55.820 --> 25:57.780 +play in front of the store and the white + +25:57.780 --> 26:00.520 +tourists would ask us for photographs and + +26:00.520 --> 26:02.020 +sometimes they'd give us money for it and + +26:02.020 --> 26:04.780 +sometimes they wouldn't. But we thought it + +26:04.780 --> 26:06.600 +was all fun and good and we'd get like + +26:06.600 --> 26:09.540 +five bucks out of the deal. And basically + +26:09.540 --> 26:11.120 +I guess they would come to the reservation + +26:11.120 --> 26:14.480 +on their way to Yellowstone Park to see + +26:14.480 --> 26:17.320 +Indians and they saw us, which is sort of + +26:17.320 --> 26:19.120 +funny because we're Kiowa and Comanche. + +26:19.280 --> 26:21.720 +We're not Shoshone or Arapaho from the + +26:21.720 --> 26:28.500 +reservation, you know. And so part of what + +26:28.500 --> 26:32.580 +my mother does is she sells herself along + +26:32.580 --> 26:36.620 +with the arts and crafts. She dresses sort + +26:36.620 --> 26:38.000 +of like the old ladies on the reservation + +26:38.000 --> 26:39.840 +dress, and she's always dressed like that + +26:39.840 --> 26:41.260 +from as long as I can remember, like + +26:41.260 --> 26:46.200 +before I was born. and that is one of the + +26:46.200 --> 26:49.700 +biggest selling points to the things that + +26:49.700 --> 26:51.460 +she sells in her store. She's now in Santa + +26:51.460 --> 26:54.560 +Fe. And last summer when I was in Santa Fe + +26:54.560 --> 26:56.040 +visiting, I was hanging out in the store + +26:56.040 --> 26:59.960 +with her and she was standing there and my + +26:59.960 --> 27:03.640 +mother's like, you know, 60 now and she + +27:03.640 --> 27:05.560 +was standing there and this white woman + +27:05.560 --> 27:07.760 +came in and saw her and thought she was + +27:07.760 --> 27:09.540 +just the cutest thing in the world and ran + +27:09.540 --> 27:11.160 +right over to her and grabbed a hold of + +27:11.160 --> 27:12.800 +her braids and sort of yanked on them and + +27:12.800 --> 27:15.020 +said, oh, you're so cute, you're so cute. + +27:15.740 --> 27:19.560 +And I remember looking at that and just + +27:19.560 --> 27:21.640 +being obviously appalled and wanting to + +27:21.640 --> 27:25.220 +hit this woman. But my mom, who deals with + +27:25.220 --> 27:28.020 +this on a daily basis, was very composed + +27:28.020 --> 27:29.780 +and said to her, please don't touch my + +27:29.780 --> 27:32.880 +hair. And I saw over this woman's face a + +27:32.880 --> 27:34.480 +sudden realization that she was dealing + +27:34.480 --> 27:36.940 +with a human being and not a doll, not + +27:36.940 --> 27:39.920 +this cute little Indian woman to be + +27:39.920 --> 27:41.940 +fondled or touched or bought or whatever. + +27:42.580 --> 27:47.840 +And I don't know, so that's what's led me + +27:47.840 --> 27:50.460 +to look into these, to look into what + +27:50.460 --> 27:54.240 +we're seen as and how we create ourselves + +27:54.240 --> 27:56.380 +the way that my mother has created herself + +27:56.380 --> 27:58.400 +because in a way she's brought this upon + +27:58.400 --> 28:01.600 +herself. I mean she could dress like a + +28:01.600 --> 28:04.940 +white person and blend in and she doesn't. + +28:04.940 --> 28:07.140 +She sticks herself out and she does it for + +28:07.140 --> 28:11.720 +survival. And it's more than just survival + +28:11.720 --> 28:16.240 +of money. It's cultural survival also. And + +28:16.240 --> 28:22.440 +so let's see. So I've been working on this + +28:22.440 --> 28:25.700 +research for like almost two years now. + +28:26.000 --> 28:28.200 +And I've come up with this really huge + +28:28.200 --> 28:31.660 +bibliography. Part of it is annotated and + +28:31.660 --> 28:33.980 +part of it is unannotated. The last six + +28:33.980 --> 28:36.620 +pages are unannotated. And it's all + +28:36.620 --> 28:39.600 +information, books, periodicals, articles, + +28:39.860 --> 28:42.360 +films that I've come up with that all deal + +28:42.360 --> 28:45.520 +with this issue in one way or another. And + +28:45.520 --> 28:48.080 +I'd be happy to give this out. I'd really + +28:48.080 --> 28:50.080 +like this information to get out there. I + +28:50.080 --> 28:52.260 +hold no claim to it at all. The more + +28:52.260 --> 28:53.920 +people who look at it and think about it, + +28:53.980 --> 28:56.840 +the better. And the one thing that I found + +28:56.840 --> 28:59.000 +and the way that I structured my course + +28:59.000 --> 29:03.260 +was is there's two approaches to Indian + +29:03.260 --> 29:06.200 +images and Indian identity from the + +29:06.200 --> 29:09.520 +outside. And the first one comes from a + +29:09.520 --> 29:11.660 +white perspective which looks at the + +29:11.660 --> 29:14.020 +images as created by white people and + +29:14.020 --> 29:19.400 +imposed. And then there's in the last, I'd + +29:19.400 --> 29:22.540 +say maybe even ten years, not even that + +29:22.540 --> 29:24.400 +long, there's a whole bunch of Indian + +29:24.400 --> 29:26.640 +research and Indian writing and thinking + +29:26.640 --> 29:33.680 +that sees Indian identity as that we have + +29:33.680 --> 29:35.820 +agency in creating our Indian identity, + +29:35.860 --> 29:37.560 +the way that my mother dresses up and + +29:37.560 --> 29:43.120 +sells herself. yourself. And so, what was + +29:43.120 --> 29:43.700 +I going to say? + +29:48.700 --> 29:50.980 +Oh, one of the films that I'm looking at + +29:50.980 --> 29:54.100 +is by a Hopi filmmaker. His name is Victor + +29:54.100 --> 29:56.140 +Masayeswa. I'm probably totally + +29:56.140 --> 29:58.880 +slaughtering that name. But he did this + +29:58.880 --> 30:01.840 +film called Imagining Indians and it's an + +30:01.840 --> 30:03.820 +excellent film. And it brings up issues + +30:03.820 --> 30:07.540 +that for Native Americans, which is not a + +30:07.540 --> 30:11.700 +lot, most of what I found doesn't bring up + +30:11.700 --> 30:14.760 +those issues for Native Americans and what + +30:14.760 --> 30:18.900 +he writes about or what he what he + +30:18.900 --> 30:21.980 +visually shows is Indians dealing with + +30:21.980 --> 30:25.400 +this this thing of having responsibility + +30:25.400 --> 30:29.760 +for what we allow to be consumed what we + +30:29.760 --> 30:33.480 +allow to be be commodified and one of the + +30:33.480 --> 30:37.720 +things that he talks about is is sacred + +30:37.720 --> 30:39.960 +items that are now for sale or sacred + +30:39.960 --> 30:42.360 +items that have been turned into tourists + +30:42.360 --> 30:45.560 +tourist items like pipe bags or something + +30:45.560 --> 30:51.380 +like that and how we help that we help the + +30:51.380 --> 30:54.880 +we help we help in losing the sacred of + +30:54.880 --> 30:57.700 +our communities by by by doing that, by + +30:57.700 --> 31:00.180 +allowing things to be commodified. And + +31:00.180 --> 31:02.740 +it's something that I personally have a + +31:02.740 --> 31:04.360 +lot of interest in because I'm a + +31:04.360 --> 31:07.000 +beadworker. It's like I haven't had a real + +31:07.000 --> 31:09.900 +job for the last, I don't know, five or + +31:09.900 --> 31:11.780 +six years. And I've made most of my money + +31:11.780 --> 31:14.600 +in the last few years on beadwork. And + +31:14.600 --> 31:19.600 +what I create holds huge implications. + +31:20.780 --> 31:23.560 +What I decide to allow to be sold, the + +31:23.560 --> 31:28.680 +designs I decide to use, it can be + +31:28.680 --> 31:31.640 +extremely appropriative and a really + +31:31.640 --> 31:33.580 +sticky situation the more I think about + +31:33.580 --> 31:39.340 +it. So he talks about, Victor Masayeswa + +31:39.340 --> 31:42.580 +talks about this responsibility that we + +31:42.580 --> 31:44.660 +have as Indian people to our own identity + +31:44.660 --> 31:50.620 +and keeping the sacred sacred and using + +31:50.620 --> 31:55.640 +our good judgment, using not letting money + +31:55.640 --> 31:57.820 +talk all the time. And it's a really + +31:57.820 --> 31:59.680 +difficult lesson for me to learn because + +31:59.680 --> 32:02.860 +I'm poor and I really need the money. But + +32:02.860 --> 32:05.700 +I don't know. + +32:09.420 --> 32:14.660 +Let's see. I don't know like what else to + +32:14.660 --> 32:17.000 +say about this. I'm teaching this class + +32:17.000 --> 32:18.640 +and unfortunately most of the students in + +32:18.640 --> 32:20.920 +my class are white and I don't think that + +32:20.920 --> 32:22.720 +we're going to get into those issues that + +32:22.720 --> 32:25.600 +I would like to get into and they're + +32:25.600 --> 32:28.020 +really issues that maybe only Indians can + +32:28.020 --> 32:29.540 +talk about because it's our identity + +32:29.540 --> 32:33.180 +that's at stake. And we're the ones that + +32:33.180 --> 32:36.360 +need to take control over the theorizing + +32:36.360 --> 32:40.380 +and the writing that's done on who we are + +32:40.380 --> 32:46.480 +and what our image is to the public. And I + +32:46.480 --> 32:49.700 +don't know. I think I'm going to stop + +32:49.700 --> 32:51.420 +there because I could go into, like, + +32:51.420 --> 32:53.640 +greater detail about things, like + +32:53.640 --> 32:55.540 +particulars that I found out about images, + +32:55.660 --> 32:58.380 +but, you know, that might be boring. + +33:01.080 --> 33:04.280 +Thanks, Sherry. Are there questions people + +33:04.280 --> 33:05.200 +have right off the bat? + +33:08.240 --> 33:10.420 +You used two terms in your presentation, + +33:10.660 --> 33:12.780 +sacred and culture. How would you define + +33:12.780 --> 33:14.220 +those terms? Oh, geez. + +33:21.240 --> 33:24.860 +Well, I can only answer personally. I + +33:24.860 --> 33:27.140 +don't know how else to answer, and I can + +33:27.140 --> 33:30.900 +only answer from experience. And identity + +33:30.900 --> 33:35.240 +is such a twisted thing in America, and it + +33:35.240 --> 33:37.740 +has to do with race and for Indians it has + +33:37.740 --> 33:40.920 +to do with blood quantum. And for me, my + +33:40.920 --> 33:44.040 +understanding is I've seen Indians that + +33:44.040 --> 33:45.560 +aren't really Indians, you know what I + +33:45.560 --> 33:46.640 +mean? Blood quantum, they're not + +33:46.640 --> 33:48.260 +recognized and it's the culture that ends + +33:48.260 --> 33:50.200 +up ultimately defining how they're + +33:50.200 --> 33:56.640 +received by their communities. And so in a + +33:56.640 --> 33:59.960 +way I think that culture... Do I sound + +33:59.960 --> 34:01.100 +like an anthropologist? I don't know, + +34:01.140 --> 34:03.900 +maybe I do. But I think that culture + +34:03.900 --> 34:08.760 +really defines a great deal of our + +34:08.760 --> 34:11.240 +identity, obviously. And what was the + +34:11.240 --> 34:12.920 +other term? Sacred. + +34:16.100 --> 34:18.360 +Now that's really sticky. That's like + +34:18.360 --> 34:19.060 +terribly sticky. + +34:23.020 --> 34:27.940 +Well, Well, the way that Victor was using + +34:27.940 --> 34:33.440 +it in this film was those things that are + +34:33.440 --> 34:37.220 +central to our identity. And those things + +34:37.220 --> 34:38.880 +that are central to our identity can be + +34:38.880 --> 34:41.440 +seen as culture. They can also be seen as + +34:41.440 --> 34:44.060 +a form of faith or religion. I don't like + +34:44.060 --> 34:45.620 +the word religion. It seems too + +34:45.620 --> 34:47.640 +institutional. I like the word faith + +34:47.640 --> 34:49.820 +better, because it can come in any form. + +34:49.820 --> 34:52.840 +And I think that they're sacred for all + +34:52.840 --> 34:55.600 +people, not just Indians, obviously. And I + +34:55.600 --> 34:58.280 +don't know, I guess that's how I define + +34:58.280 --> 34:59.620 +it. I don't know if that answered your + +34:59.620 --> 34:59.900 +question. + +35:04.020 --> 35:07.420 +I have a question. When you're teaching in + +35:07.420 --> 35:09.820 +this group, and you're the white students + +35:09.820 --> 35:13.760 +there, are you getting the sense from them + +35:13.760 --> 35:16.080 +that they're reinforcing those ideas is + +35:16.080 --> 35:20.240 +about objectifying Indians as a commercial + +35:20.240 --> 35:22.980 +commodity? Are you trying to undo it? Do + +35:22.980 --> 35:25.400 +you see that coming from them? Are they + +35:25.400 --> 35:27.740 +wanting to take that and again go out and + +35:27.740 --> 35:31.080 +learn enough to again follow that path? + +35:33.000 --> 35:34.840 +I've only had one class meeting, so I + +35:34.840 --> 35:38.200 +can't tell you. I know it's kind of an + +35:38.200 --> 35:41.000 +unfair question. But just even thinking + +35:41.000 --> 35:42.560 +about it, because I always teach in + +35:42.560 --> 35:44.040 +classes that I've heard and I would like + +35:44.040 --> 35:50.440 +to use those two. Yeah. Yeah. Well, you + +35:50.440 --> 35:52.380 +know, my hope is that I won't be + +35:52.380 --> 35:54.720 +reinforcing the stereotypes. And I think + +35:54.720 --> 35:58.340 +that the strategy that I'm going to use is + +35:58.340 --> 36:00.820 +to constantly refer back to myself because + +36:00.820 --> 36:04.060 +I'm a living model, right, standing in + +36:04.060 --> 36:05.880 +front of them, breathing in front of them. + +36:06.060 --> 36:09.400 +And I have these stories. Hopefully they + +36:09.400 --> 36:10.840 +won't get bored by them. But I have all + +36:10.840 --> 36:15.260 +these stories of what, how, I mean my + +36:15.260 --> 36:16.800 +mom's in the art business and the art + +36:16.800 --> 36:18.900 +business is all about identity. It's all + +36:18.900 --> 36:21.540 +about image. I mean image is the first + +36:21.540 --> 36:24.140 +thing that sells. The art comes later. And + +36:24.140 --> 36:27.580 +if I can in some way use my life as an + +36:27.580 --> 36:32.820 +example to show them maybe insights that + +36:32.820 --> 36:35.020 +they're not going to get by reading, you + +36:35.020 --> 36:36.500 +know, there's a really excellent book + +36:36.500 --> 36:37.800 +called The White Man's Indian. I'm sure + +36:37.800 --> 36:40.500 +you know it. at Burkhofer and you can't + +36:40.500 --> 36:42.120 +get that from Burkhofer, you know what I + +36:42.120 --> 36:43.180 +mean? It comes from a different + +36:43.180 --> 36:46.540 +perspective. So I just hope by just + +36:46.540 --> 36:50.260 +physically being there is going to push + +36:50.260 --> 36:54.380 +it, push the issue past those stereotypes. + +36:54.680 --> 36:56.000 +I don't know if it's going to work or not. + +36:56.480 --> 36:58.200 +I've heard all kinds of horror stories + +36:58.200 --> 37:00.460 +about how it doesn't work, so we'll see. + +37:00.840 --> 37:02.360 +Do you want to talk about how your course + +37:02.360 --> 37:04.560 +design addresses this issue as well in + +37:04.560 --> 37:05.760 +terms of the first half and the second + +37:05.760 --> 37:08.500 +half? the films you're using? Yeah, the + +37:08.500 --> 37:15.440 +first half of the course is all work + +37:15.440 --> 37:20.040 +written by non-Indians. And the film, I'm + +37:20.040 --> 37:23.700 +only showing one film, is Thunderheart. + +37:24.060 --> 37:27.140 +And they come from the white perspective. + +37:27.340 --> 37:29.100 +And some of them, it's just some of it's + +37:29.100 --> 37:31.000 +really excellent work. And I really + +37:31.000 --> 37:33.120 +appreciate that. Some of it is very + +37:33.120 --> 37:36.020 +controversial. controversial and I really + +37:36.020 --> 37:38.600 +appreciate that too. And hopefully in the + +37:38.600 --> 37:41.220 +class we can see how controversial and how + +37:42.860 --> 37:45.420 +almost like polar opposite it is from the + +37:45.420 --> 37:49.420 +Indian created writing and analysis, which + +37:49.420 --> 37:51.700 +is the second half of the course. And I'm + +37:51.700 --> 37:55.500 +using three films. They're all films by + +37:55.500 --> 37:57.360 +Indian people. Navajo Talking Pictures, + +37:57.580 --> 37:59.140 +Imagining Indians, and Herald of Orange. + +37:59.380 --> 38:03.200 +And I think I mean, in particular, + +38:03.480 --> 38:06.600 +Imagining Indians and Herald of Orange are + +38:06.600 --> 38:08.900 +like two of, like they, when I watched + +38:08.900 --> 38:10.300 +Imagining Indians for the first time, I + +38:10.300 --> 38:11.940 +was like, yes, this is exactly what I want + +38:11.940 --> 38:13.480 +to try to get across in my course, this + +38:13.480 --> 38:15.700 +film. And if they can understand that film + +38:15.700 --> 38:18.000 +by the end of the class, I'll be really + +38:18.000 --> 38:20.060 +happy. I'll be really happy I'll have + +38:20.060 --> 38:20.460 +succeeded. + +38:24.280 --> 38:29.980 +I think you answered my question. In + +38:29.980 --> 38:32.600 +helping to deal with issues of identity, + +38:33.180 --> 38:35.720 +it seems like you have a couple audiences, + +38:36.040 --> 38:42.080 +one non-Indians as well. And so I was + +38:42.080 --> 38:48.140 +wondering in class how you can, part of + +38:48.140 --> 38:52.420 +that would be the law of the team. I was + +38:52.420 --> 38:55.220 +wondering how you can do that, make that + +38:55.220 --> 38:59.340 +powerful. Right. I think you may have + +38:59.340 --> 39:00.760 +already answered my question. + +39:04.260 --> 39:07.660 +The class is a discussion class. It is not + +39:07.660 --> 39:10.820 +a lecture class. class. I cannot imagine + +39:10.820 --> 39:13.700 +myself lecturing. Like that just seems + +39:13.700 --> 39:18.660 +really foreign to me. So, and the other + +39:18.660 --> 39:19.940 +thing that I have going for me is I'm a + +39:19.940 --> 39:22.400 +student. I'm totally equal level. I don't + +39:22.400 --> 39:24.240 +have an office. I don't have, you know, a + +39:24.240 --> 39:26.400 +super like professors box at the steno + +39:26.400 --> 39:27.920 +pool or whatever. Well, actually that's + +39:27.920 --> 39:32.700 +not true. I do. But anyway, it's like + +39:32.700 --> 39:34.920 +almost a level playing field that I'm + +39:34.920 --> 39:37.200 +coming from that that professors don't + +39:37.200 --> 39:41.240 +have. And I hope that, I mean, when we're + +39:41.240 --> 39:43.340 +out in the real world, isn't that when we + +39:43.340 --> 39:45.260 +connect with another person, when we + +39:45.260 --> 39:47.500 +really connect, it's when we feel like + +39:47.500 --> 39:49.820 +we're on a level playing field, when we + +39:49.820 --> 39:53.220 +can really hear what they're saying. So + +39:53.220 --> 39:54.880 +I'm hoping that that's going to come + +39:54.880 --> 39:58.180 +through. I don't know. We'll see. At the + +39:58.180 --> 39:59.540 +end of the quarter, when I'm not + +39:59.540 --> 40:01.100 +graduating, because my class is a total + +40:01.100 --> 40:04.740 +failure, we'll see. When my students hate + +40:04.740 --> 40:08.760 +my guts. I think I'm taking the hard line. + +40:10.640 --> 40:13.100 +I just wanted to ask you if you have any + +40:13.100 --> 40:16.700 +questions from your experience. If you + +40:16.700 --> 40:19.320 +might want to ask, pose any questions here + +40:19.320 --> 40:21.820 +since we have all kind of different people + +40:21.820 --> 40:26.000 +here in the room with the wide points of + +40:26.000 --> 40:26.200 +view. + +40:34.000 --> 40:36.180 +Well, I don't know. I guess my question + +40:36.180 --> 40:40.880 +would be, I + +40:40.880 --> 40:44.200 +keep coming back to this film by Victor + +40:44.200 --> 40:46.060 +Masayesva, which it just, it's an + +40:46.060 --> 40:48.080 +incredible film and I recommend it to + +40:48.080 --> 40:52.200 +anyone, everyone. everyone. And he shows + +40:52.200 --> 40:58.840 +the scene of these paintings on a rock + +40:58.840 --> 41:03.820 +wall and he's talking about like looking + +41:03.820 --> 41:07.700 +back through time how once we used to make + +41:07.700 --> 41:10.600 +these things for survival, for life, and + +41:10.600 --> 41:12.580 +then somewhere along the line money + +41:12.580 --> 41:14.540 +started to be exchanged for these items. + +41:14.540 --> 41:17.240 +And then somewhere along the line after + +41:17.240 --> 41:20.420 +that we stopped claiming responsibility + +41:20.420 --> 41:24.600 +for that whole process of exchange for + +41:24.600 --> 41:27.560 +survival. Maybe not seeing it or seeing it + +41:27.560 --> 41:29.120 +in the same light or not seeing it in the + +41:29.120 --> 41:35.220 +same light. And I just wonder, like I + +41:35.220 --> 41:37.640 +said, it's a really difficult question for + +41:37.640 --> 41:39.980 +me to deal with. Like my own + +41:39.980 --> 41:43.040 +responsibility to what I do, to the art + +41:43.040 --> 41:47.880 +that I do. And, but + +41:47.880 --> 41:50.340 +at the same instance, I do feel this + +41:50.340 --> 41:52.500 +responsibility to the sacred, whatever the + +41:52.500 --> 41:56.620 +heck that is, I don't know. And I don't + +41:56.620 --> 41:58.660 +know, I guess my question is, what do + +41:58.660 --> 42:03.320 +people think about that? I mean, it's, of + +42:03.320 --> 42:05.380 +course, I think, like, people have always, + +42:05.500 --> 42:07.080 +Indian people have always done that. But + +42:07.080 --> 42:09.160 +to a certain extent, like with the, I can + +42:09.160 --> 42:10.780 +see it in the movie industry better than + +42:10.780 --> 42:16.700 +any other industry, is Indian film stars + +42:16.700 --> 42:18.960 +walking into roles that maybe are not the + +42:18.960 --> 42:21.760 +best roles to be walking into. And doing + +42:21.760 --> 42:25.400 +it for money. And then not liking to hear + +42:25.400 --> 42:27.100 +any criticism of them coming from the + +42:27.100 --> 42:28.660 +Indian community for doing that. And + +42:28.660 --> 42:30.920 +saying, oh well, the Indian community is + +42:30.920 --> 42:32.740 +poor and this is a way that I'm getting + +42:32.740 --> 42:37.060 +out of it. but in a way it compromises our + +42:37.060 --> 42:41.940 +identity. Can I just add something to that + +42:41.940 --> 42:43.660 +based on some conversations that we've had + +42:43.660 --> 42:45.300 +in my office that she hasn't quite said it + +42:45.300 --> 42:47.440 +this way, but I think some of the things + +42:47.440 --> 42:49.760 +that I've learned from Terry in terms of + +42:49.760 --> 42:51.320 +the questions that she's asking that she's + +42:51.320 --> 42:53.820 +posing to the people in this room is that + +42:53.820 --> 42:57.020 +it's one thing for us to stand up and + +42:57.020 --> 42:58.740 +lament the commodification of Indian + +42:58.740 --> 43:00.120 +culture or the inappropriate + +43:00.120 --> 43:04.000 +appropriations + +43:04.000 --> 43:05.320 +committed in the name of New Age + +43:05.320 --> 43:07.780 +spirituality and on down the list. But + +43:07.780 --> 43:09.600 +what happens when we acknowledge that + +43:09.600 --> 43:12.180 +Indian people, both today and in the past, + +43:12.240 --> 43:14.720 +have been active participants? Not all + +43:14.720 --> 43:16.280 +Indian people, but there have been some. + +43:16.620 --> 43:18.000 +What do we do when we acknowledge that + +43:18.000 --> 43:19.460 +Indian people have been participating in + +43:19.460 --> 43:21.080 +that? And the question is not a question + +43:21.080 --> 43:22.860 +of politics. It's not a question of laying + +43:22.860 --> 43:24.860 +blame, so much as it's an intellectual + +43:24.860 --> 43:27.160 +question, which is to ask, what's going on + +43:27.160 --> 43:29.520 +culturally? What's the significance of + +43:29.520 --> 43:31.940 +that? It's not that by acknowledging that + +43:31.940 --> 43:33.400 +Indian people have been participating in + +43:33.400 --> 43:35.640 +it that thereby we can't blame non-Indians + +43:35.640 --> 43:38.240 +for what they're doing. It's an + +43:38.240 --> 43:39.920 +intellectual question, as I understand the + +43:39.920 --> 43:41.460 +way you're approaching it. She's really + +43:41.460 --> 43:42.760 +asking the question, what does this mean + +43:42.760 --> 43:45.020 +for us? What does this mean about Indian + +43:45.020 --> 43:47.780 +culture? What does it tell us? What kinds + +43:47.780 --> 43:50.140 +of questions does it ask? I haven't heard + +43:50.140 --> 43:51.380 +you say it quite that way today, but + +43:51.380 --> 43:52.420 +that's what I've picked up in our + +43:52.420 --> 43:54.580 +conversations as you worked on this + +43:54.580 --> 43:58.080 +research. I'll make a quick comment and + +43:58.080 --> 44:01.120 +then give them to other questions. I think + +44:01.120 --> 44:05.000 +it illustrates to Terry and James that it + +44:05.000 --> 44:08.940 +represents a crisis intellectually, but + +44:08.940 --> 44:10.040 +also at the level of responsibility. + +44:10.320 --> 44:11.480 +There's a moment, I think we've been + +44:11.480 --> 44:15.020 +talking about the same film, of Rodney + +44:15.020 --> 44:17.380 +Grant from Dance with Wolves, making a + +44:17.380 --> 44:19.420 +comment in that film, it's the same one, + +44:19.480 --> 44:23.460 +right? and where Victor poses to him the + +44:23.460 --> 44:25.120 +question about commodifying himself, + +44:25.360 --> 44:27.320 +basically. What roles do you take? Which + +44:27.320 --> 44:30.840 +ones do you not take? And one of the + +44:30.840 --> 44:33.640 +questions is, well, are you going to take + +44:33.640 --> 44:35.600 +responsibility for creating Native + +44:35.600 --> 44:38.020 +American film industry, for films by + +44:38.020 --> 44:40.540 +Native American directors like Victor? + +44:40.740 --> 44:44.020 +Would you take $5,000 to do a film with me + +44:44.020 --> 44:45.740 +instead of $1,000,000 to do a film over + +44:45.740 --> 44:50.260 +here? And Rodney Grant ends up sort of + +44:50.260 --> 44:53.520 +avoiding the question. He doesn't want to + +44:53.520 --> 44:55.900 +talk about it. And there's a way in which + +44:55.900 --> 45:00.180 +that film problematizes for me an + +45:00.180 --> 45:03.180 +avoidance of a real crisis. And why I + +45:03.180 --> 45:04.720 +think it's a really interesting topic to + +45:04.720 --> 45:08.600 +bring up is there's also not among Indian + +45:08.600 --> 45:13.620 +writers enough theorizing about this + +45:13.620 --> 45:15.860 +question of responsibility. because it's a + +45:15.860 --> 45:19.300 +really difficult issue. And teaching is + +45:19.300 --> 45:20.740 +actually one of those places where you + +45:20.740 --> 45:23.140 +have to confront it. And you'll find that + +45:23.140 --> 45:25.000 +out, and everyone here who has taught + +45:25.000 --> 45:28.600 +finds that out as well, where generally + +45:28.600 --> 45:30.660 +you are in situations where you are + +45:30.660 --> 45:33.460 +somehow standing in as a representative of + +45:33.460 --> 45:35.740 +lots and lots of people and lots of points + +45:35.740 --> 45:37.280 +of view. No matter how much you don't want + +45:37.280 --> 45:39.200 +to be, that's the situation you're faced + +45:39.200 --> 45:42.000 +with as a teacher. And so you'll have to + +45:42.000 --> 45:43.620 +confront it at that point. There's a + +45:43.620 --> 45:45.620 +wonderful side of that. There's also a + +45:45.620 --> 45:48.520 +really sticky part of it, too. And I find + +45:48.520 --> 45:50.400 +that those people who really want to + +45:50.400 --> 45:52.120 +embrace that and say, yeah, I want to be + +45:52.120 --> 45:54.620 +that person, that's when you run into + +45:54.620 --> 45:56.540 +problems. If you're too eager to go into + +45:56.540 --> 45:57.540 +that situation and say, yeah, I'll + +45:57.540 --> 46:00.040 +represent the Indian voice to all of these + +46:00.040 --> 46:04.080 +people. So it's a huge issue that will + +46:04.080 --> 46:06.820 +probably come up all day. We'll move on to + +46:06.820 --> 46:07.560 +some other questions. + +46:11.580 --> 46:16.360 +You bring out many deep questions, many + +46:16.360 --> 46:18.860 +deep issues. I'm not sure that I + +46:18.860 --> 46:20.700 +understand everything, but there is one + +46:20.700 --> 46:22.980 +issue that you bring out and really + +46:22.980 --> 46:26.120 +touched me. It's the question of art and + +46:26.120 --> 46:30.080 +money. Because I'm a person who paints, + +46:30.440 --> 46:36.340 +and I use painting to know it more myself, + +46:36.340 --> 46:39.200 +and also to try to come in with other + +46:39.200 --> 46:42.640 +person to share what I know or what I + +46:42.640 --> 46:45.860 +don't know with my art. And you just + +46:45.860 --> 46:49.380 +involve the question of sending because we + +46:49.380 --> 46:52.500 +have to survive. I need to leave the art + +46:52.500 --> 46:55.700 +that I'm doing. And presently, I'm not + +46:55.700 --> 46:58.900 +ready to send my art because I don't know + +46:58.900 --> 47:02.500 +exactly why. And I'm not ready to paint to + +47:02.500 --> 47:05.860 +please the public when they watch because + +47:05.860 --> 47:09.500 +the art for me is something more deep. And + +47:09.500 --> 47:11.160 +I understand a little bit you when you + +47:11.160 --> 47:13.380 +involve this question, but I don't have + +47:13.380 --> 47:16.100 +all the answers. But I just share your + +47:16.100 --> 47:20.960 +fear with this, because in art I think + +47:20.960 --> 47:24.900 +there is something very deep, and it's + +47:24.900 --> 47:27.140 +really personal, but at the same time, I + +47:27.140 --> 47:29.700 +think that there is something universal in + +47:29.700 --> 47:33.540 +art. There is a kind of spirit inside art, + +47:33.540 --> 47:38.380 +art, then with + +47:38.380 --> 47:40.080 +money there is something that I don't + +47:40.080 --> 47:43.280 +understand. That's what I wanted to say. + +47:45.080 --> 47:48.740 +Yeah, my presentation last time, which I + +47:48.740 --> 47:51.180 +will try not to get into, basically dealt + +47:51.180 --> 47:55.360 +with this about Indian art. Because Indian + +47:55.360 --> 47:58.900 +art is really defined in many different + +47:58.900 --> 48:01.740 +ways, and it's defined by time. And + +48:01.740 --> 48:05.000 +antique Indian art is worth way more than + +48:05.000 --> 48:08.260 +Indian art presently made. But then within + +48:08.260 --> 48:10.640 +the presently made Indian art, certain + +48:10.640 --> 48:13.440 +types of art are considered crafts that + +48:13.440 --> 48:15.840 +anybody can do. Bead work, feather work, + +48:16.440 --> 48:18.400 +wood work, anything like that. And then + +48:18.400 --> 48:20.960 +there's another type of art that is + +48:20.960 --> 48:23.820 +considered fine art or high art. Pottery, + +48:23.980 --> 48:28.160 +modern paintings, baskets, like that. and + +48:28.160 --> 48:29.580 +there will be, like if you go into Santa + +48:29.580 --> 48:30.960 +Fe, there's like one whole gallery + +48:30.960 --> 48:32.800 +dedicated just to pots, and they're not + +48:32.800 --> 48:35.260 +old pots. They're pots that are currently + +48:35.260 --> 48:38.580 +made. And my question is, why isn't there + +48:38.580 --> 48:42.120 +a store dedicated also to beadwork? There + +48:42.120 --> 48:47.360 +is, but it's mass-produced beadwork. And I + +48:47.360 --> 48:51.240 +just, I question, like, what's going on + +48:51.240 --> 48:55.040 +there just within the market itself that + +48:55.040 --> 48:58.660 +defines what art is. And there's something + +48:58.660 --> 49:01.240 +coming up on the thing about looking at + +49:01.240 --> 49:04.320 +Indian history and something about terms + +49:04.320 --> 49:07.780 +in Indian history. And I think that part + +49:07.780 --> 49:10.900 +of that, yeah, problematizing the term of + +49:10.900 --> 49:13.060 +traditional culture, because a lot of the + +49:13.060 --> 49:15.880 +modern artwork that's being made by + +49:15.880 --> 49:18.720 +Indians is traditionally based, but maybe + +49:18.720 --> 49:20.400 +not like, you know, beaded tennis shoes or + +49:20.400 --> 49:21.420 +something like that with traditional + +49:21.420 --> 49:23.460 +designs on it. It's like how do you define + +49:23.460 --> 49:25.680 +that and how does the market define that? + +49:26.780 --> 49:29.300 +So we live in, you know, a market-driven + +49:29.300 --> 49:32.620 +economy and in an art is just like any + +49:32.620 --> 49:34.320 +other commodity, so we have to deal with + +49:34.320 --> 49:38.100 +that. Maybe with that we'll let people + +49:38.100 --> 49:39.740 +comment during lunch and during the breaks + +49:39.740 --> 49:42.420 +and things to Terry. I thought that was + +49:42.420 --> 49:46.680 +great, so thank you. Thank you. + +49:50.920 --> 49:53.720 +For those of you who are following along + +49:53.720 --> 49:56.340 +the schedule and correlating it with the + +49:56.340 --> 50:00.200 +watch on the end of your arm, the way + +50:00.200 --> 50:01.260 +we're going to deal with the time, we + +50:01.260 --> 50:02.800 +start at about 15 minutes late, and we're + +50:02.800 --> 50:05.120 +just going to be about 15 minutes behind, + +50:05.200 --> 50:07.120 +and we'll have lunch at about 12.15. So + +50:07.120 --> 50:09.760 +you don't have to get nervous or antsy if + +50:09.760 --> 50:11.540 +we're running still about 10 minutes + +50:11.540 --> 50:14.340 +behind. That's our plan for right now. Our + +50:14.340 --> 50:17.580 +next speaker is Jacob Manitoul Bailey, Sac + +50:17.580 --> 50:21.140 +and Fox. And I wish Jacob were an American + +50:21.140 --> 50:23.480 +Studies major. He's taken a lot of courses + +50:23.480 --> 50:25.540 +in American Studies, but unfortunately he + +50:25.540 --> 50:27.560 +was seduced by the Community Studies Board + +50:28.160 --> 50:30.200 +because they would allow him to do a six + +50:30.200 --> 50:33.740 +-month field internship, and he's going to + +50:33.740 --> 50:38.700 +be going to Oklahoma to work with the Sac + +50:38.700 --> 50:41.620 +and Fox at the end of the spring quarter. + +50:41.620 --> 50:43.520 +Is that right? He won't be back until the + +50:43.520 --> 50:47.420 +first of the year. And he's been involved + +50:47.420 --> 50:50.180 +in a number of projects on campus and one + +50:50.180 --> 50:52.820 +of the most important has to do with the + +50:52.820 --> 50:57.780 +repatriation process at UC Santa Cruz. He + +50:57.780 --> 51:00.980 +has been doing an internship and has + +51:00.980 --> 51:02.920 +learned a great deal about art + +51:02.920 --> 51:04.520 +collections. Probably the second most + +51:04.520 --> 51:06.100 +knowledgeable person on the campus right + +51:06.100 --> 51:09.260 +now about the small collection that we + +51:09.260 --> 51:12.980 +have of Indian remains at UC Santa Cruz, + +51:13.240 --> 51:17.900 +and has also taken it in his own + +51:17.900 --> 51:21.200 +characteristically intellectual way, + +51:21.320 --> 51:24.240 +raising some very broad questions about + +51:24.240 --> 51:29.900 +the relationship, both institutional and + +51:29.900 --> 51:32.260 +intellectual, between the discipline of + +51:32.260 --> 51:33.980 +anthropology and the American Indian + +51:33.980 --> 51:36.460 +community, and so has a number of + +51:36.460 --> 51:38.180 +interesting points to raise. and he's + +51:38.180 --> 51:40.600 +going to talk about the whole repatriation + +51:40.600 --> 51:45.360 +situation at UCSC. Jacob? Well, I might + +51:45.360 --> 51:46.840 +get that far. I'm not sure yet. + +51:49.860 --> 51:53.840 +One of my nicknames for Terry is Boss, and + +51:53.840 --> 51:56.640 +I tell you that because I'm going to be + +51:56.640 --> 52:00.120 +following a lot of what she said and what + +52:00.120 --> 52:02.740 +I want to discuss today. day. And + +52:02.740 --> 52:05.820 +repatriation + +52:05.820 --> 52:10.240 +as it has been defined stands for, and + +52:10.240 --> 52:12.980 +this is a legal definition, the return of + +52:12.980 --> 52:16.220 +sacred objects, human remains, + +52:16.560 --> 52:20.240 +unassociated funerary goods, and items of + +52:20.240 --> 52:22.800 +of cultural patrimony to American Indian + +52:22.800 --> 52:23.300 +nations. + +52:27.840 --> 52:31.080 +And repatriation currently is largely + +52:31.720 --> 52:33.780 +discussed within the terms and defined + +52:33.780 --> 52:36.940 +within the terms of NAGPRA, which is the + +52:36.940 --> 52:39.340 +Native American Graves Repatriation and + +52:39.340 --> 52:41.400 +Protection Act, which was passed in 1990. + +52:43.700 --> 52:46.680 +And I say I want to follow Terry because I + +52:46.680 --> 52:50.300 +I want to talk about images, stereotypes, + +52:50.960 --> 52:54.180 +assumptions, responsibility, a lot of the + +52:54.180 --> 52:54.800 +same issues. + +52:58.180 --> 53:00.900 +And I also want to follow her by starting + +53:00.900 --> 53:05.240 +with a story about my mother. Because when + +53:05.240 --> 53:08.360 +my mother was going to school, there was + +53:08.360 --> 53:10.280 +no such thing as Native American studies. + +53:10.580 --> 53:12.180 +There was no such thing as Indian + +53:12.180 --> 53:14.880 +education. If you wanted to have anything + +53:14.880 --> 53:16.740 +to do with Indians in the college setting, + +53:16.840 --> 53:22.560 +he went into anthropology. And a lot of + +53:22.560 --> 53:25.060 +Indians went into anthropology and some of + +53:25.060 --> 53:28.100 +them made it and a lot more didn't make + +53:28.100 --> 53:31.420 +it. And my mom was one of those. She + +53:31.420 --> 53:34.720 +dropped out of college and I grew up with + +53:34.720 --> 53:36.700 +stories about the crazy things that + +53:36.700 --> 53:39.480 +anthropologists thought about Indians and + +53:39.480 --> 53:40.980 +the even sicker things that they they did + +53:40.980 --> 53:47.040 +to our dead. And when I first started, and + +53:47.040 --> 53:48.380 +I'm really glad that there's a lot of + +53:48.380 --> 53:52.400 +anthropology students on this sheet. Maybe + +53:52.400 --> 53:55.540 +we can get a little dialogue going here, + +53:55.680 --> 53:56.780 +because I have a lot of problems. + +54:00.380 --> 54:02.560 +I've always grown up with a lot of + +54:02.560 --> 54:04.440 +assumptions and a lot of stereotypes about + +54:04.440 --> 54:09.220 +anthropologists. and when I first started + +54:09.220 --> 54:15.300 +researching repatriation, I uncovered + +54:15.300 --> 54:17.740 +horror story after horror story about past + +54:17.740 --> 54:21.080 +and current anthropological practice. And + +54:21.080 --> 54:23.340 +it reinforced a lot of the ideas I had + +54:23.340 --> 54:27.580 +about anthropology and what it does and + +54:27.580 --> 54:32.060 +what it has done to Indian people. And at + +54:32.060 --> 54:34.380 +the same time I've had sort of a morbid + +54:34.380 --> 54:37.480 +fascination with the strange creatures and + +54:37.480 --> 54:40.400 +sort of the rituals that they seem to love + +54:40.400 --> 54:44.300 +to carry out. And those were the terms + +54:44.300 --> 54:47.320 +that I thought about anthropology and + +54:47.320 --> 54:52.140 +anthropologists when I started interning + +54:52.140 --> 54:54.980 +at the University of California Santa Cruz + +54:54.980 --> 54:56.200 +Archaeological Collection. + +54:59.900 --> 55:05.140 +The repatriation debate, and I shouldn't + +55:05.140 --> 55:07.080 +use the word debate, I shouldn't even use + +55:07.080 --> 55:08.580 +the word movement, I should use the word + +55:08.580 --> 55:12.520 +war, because that's the way that both a + +55:12.520 --> 55:14.500 +lot of Natives and a lot of non-Natives + +55:14.500 --> 55:17.900 +writing about repatriation have defined + +55:17.900 --> 55:20.900 +it. They've defined it as a war, as a war + +55:20.900 --> 55:24.460 +of science versus religion, a war of + +55:24.460 --> 55:26.620 +objective, cold, analytical + +55:26.620 --> 55:30.420 +anthropologists versus warm, spiritual + +55:30.420 --> 55:35.300 +Indians. Indians. And a lot of the titles + +55:35.300 --> 55:39.380 +of articles written by both Natives and + +55:39.380 --> 55:42.000 +non-Natives, a lot of prominent people are + +55:42.000 --> 55:44.780 +things like science or sacrilege, + +55:45.080 --> 55:48.200 +disputing the dead, preservation or + +55:48.200 --> 55:51.460 +reburial, Native Americans versus American + +55:51.460 --> 55:56.100 +museums, a battle for artifacts. And so + +55:56.100 --> 56:00.940 +this This is the mindset that prevails in + +56:00.940 --> 56:03.140 +a lot of places, and it was the mindset + +56:03.140 --> 56:07.200 +that I had when I started interning at the + +56:07.200 --> 56:09.920 +anthropology department. That was an + +56:09.920 --> 56:13.220 +extremely difficult process for me. You + +56:13.220 --> 56:15.700 +walk into this building. It's called + +56:15.700 --> 56:18.160 +Social Sciences I. I normally refer to it + +56:18.160 --> 56:20.900 +as the evil building. And it's this big + +56:20.900 --> 56:24.800 +concrete monolith. You know, you walk up + +56:24.800 --> 56:27.440 +two stairs of floor, the air starts to get + +56:27.440 --> 56:32.040 +stale. The posters start to appear on the + +56:32.040 --> 56:35.760 +wall. Paleolithic culture and plains + +56:35.760 --> 56:40.840 +material items in the faunal area. You + +56:40.840 --> 56:43.340 +know, people are talking in languages that + +56:43.340 --> 56:45.640 +I can't understand. And I get to the + +56:45.640 --> 56:47.380 +fourth floor where they keep the bodies, + +56:47.580 --> 56:49.480 +and I start getting pretty whacked out. + +56:52.100 --> 56:57.640 +When I first started my internship, I + +56:57.640 --> 56:59.760 +could only think of things in either-or + +56:59.760 --> 57:03.680 +situations. It was either I go in there + +57:03.680 --> 57:07.940 +and I lay my agenda out on the table, or I + +57:07.940 --> 57:10.780 +hide it and I compromise my sense of + +57:10.780 --> 57:15.720 +integrity. And every situation that I + +57:15.720 --> 57:18.420 +found myself in was a set of either-or + +57:18.420 --> 57:20.700 +statements, neither of which I was happy + +57:20.700 --> 57:26.040 +with. And eventually what I was forced to + +57:26.040 --> 57:29.620 +do for my own sanity and to get anywhere + +57:29.620 --> 57:33.040 +in working to help the repatriation + +57:33.040 --> 57:37.520 +process was that I had to go out on a + +57:37.520 --> 57:43.100 +limb. I had to put myself out there and I + +57:43.100 --> 57:46.160 +had to explain to my supervisor, who's an + +57:46.160 --> 57:49.940 +archaeologist, and my my coworker who is + +57:49.940 --> 57:54.380 +an archaeology student that I had a lot of + +57:54.380 --> 57:59.040 +fear and a lot of anger about what was + +57:59.040 --> 58:04.400 +going on. And I was amazed, I was + +58:04.400 --> 58:07.640 +absolutely amazed at the emotional + +58:07.640 --> 58:09.800 +responses that I got from those people. + +58:09.800 --> 58:13.840 +and what they told me about how they felt + +58:13.840 --> 58:19.780 +and how they had become sick, how they + +58:19.780 --> 58:25.440 +felt forces, and how hard it was for them + +58:25.440 --> 58:30.880 +to be involved in such a thing. And we + +58:30.880 --> 58:35.340 +really begin to build bridges to + +58:35.340 --> 58:38.660 +facilitate a way of thinking about + +58:38.660 --> 58:43.660 +repatriation that wasn't us versus them. + +58:44.240 --> 58:48.320 +It wasn't me carrying a banner going in + +58:48.320 --> 58:55.700 +there to get rid of anthropology. And I + +58:55.700 --> 59:00.720 +think that Indians have a lot of + +59:00.720 --> 59:02.440 +stereotypes about anthropologists. + +59:03.360 --> 59:04.960 +Anthropologists have a lot of stereotypes + +59:04.960 --> 59:08.880 +about Indians. And the dominant society + +59:08.880 --> 59:12.960 +has stereotypes about both of them, which + +59:12.960 --> 59:18.020 +feed into a rhetoric which divides us. And + +59:18.020 --> 59:20.500 +this is when it comes to survival and when + +59:20.500 --> 59:22.520 +it comes to responsibility, like Terry was + +59:22.520 --> 59:25.880 +talking about, is that anthropologists, + +59:26.200 --> 59:30.320 +the most of them, When I really sat down + +59:30.320 --> 59:33.840 +and talked with them, the basic thing that + +59:33.840 --> 59:39.720 +comes out is that they love Indians. That + +59:39.720 --> 59:42.020 +they love Indians, that they feel a + +59:42.020 --> 59:44.500 +responsibility towards Indians, that the + +59:44.500 --> 59:46.300 +whole reason they went into their field is + +59:46.300 --> 59:48.720 +because they wanted to help Indians. And + +59:48.720 --> 59:50.840 +they got into the field and then they + +59:50.840 --> 59:56.200 +found out that they had to do these + +59:56.200 --> 59:59.400 +certain things. which wasn't what they + +59:59.400 --> 01:00:03.120 +thought and they ended up interacting with + +01:00:03.120 --> 01:00:08.540 +objects and with remains and not with live + +01:00:08.540 --> 01:00:14.200 +human beings and repatriation has forced a + +01:00:14.200 --> 01:00:17.860 +lot of anthropologists to and a lot of + +01:00:17.860 --> 01:00:19.720 +Indians to get over their fear about each + +01:00:19.720 --> 01:00:22.540 +other and to come together to work on + +01:00:22.540 --> 01:00:27.640 +projects to to try to to resolve this + +01:00:27.640 --> 01:00:28.160 +crisis. + +01:00:31.560 --> 01:00:35.660 +And anthropologists, and I use the term so + +01:00:35.660 --> 01:00:38.520 +generally and so broadly, and I refer to + +01:00:38.520 --> 01:00:42.440 +such a huge group of people, but there's a + +01:00:42.440 --> 01:00:49.440 +narrative that's emerging which is trying + +01:00:49.440 --> 01:00:53.520 +to succeed the one that's of us us versus + +01:00:53.520 --> 01:00:57.400 +them, which says we can work together. And + +01:00:57.400 --> 01:01:00.860 +we can work together to do some important + +01:01:00.860 --> 01:01:04.960 +things. So that's the first sort of issue + +01:01:04.960 --> 01:01:09.080 +I want to pose. The second issue I want to + +01:01:09.080 --> 01:01:11.540 +pose is... + +01:01:21.820 --> 01:01:28.700 +is about how the rhetoric around + +01:01:28.700 --> 01:01:29.700 +repatriation + +01:01:32.440 --> 01:01:38.080 +talks about Indians and about how they + +01:01:38.080 --> 01:01:43.380 +feel about spirits and their ancestors and + +01:01:43.380 --> 01:01:48.440 +desecration and things like this in a way + +01:01:48.440 --> 01:01:53.740 +that really disturbs me and it disturbs me + +01:01:53.740 --> 01:02:01.500 +because it's not tribally specific and + +01:02:01.500 --> 01:02:08.260 +it's not guided by that For instance, + +01:02:08.540 --> 01:02:12.640 +there's a national NAGPRA committee and + +01:02:12.640 --> 01:02:17.200 +they have field meetings which are helped + +01:02:17.200 --> 01:02:20.780 +to formulate policy. And at one of these + +01:02:20.780 --> 01:02:24.840 +field meetings there was a presentation + +01:02:24.840 --> 01:02:28.680 +which represented the Indian viewpoint for + +01:02:28.680 --> 01:02:34.360 +that segment. segment and the people who + +01:02:34.360 --> 01:02:38.740 +got up there were political activists and + +01:02:38.740 --> 01:02:44.940 +they basically said that all these bones + +01:02:44.940 --> 01:02:48.520 +need to go back in the ground and we don't + +01:02:48.520 --> 01:02:50.640 +care what they are. We don't care if + +01:02:50.640 --> 01:02:52.940 +they're Chinese, we don't care if they're + +01:02:52.940 --> 01:02:54.540 +Jewish, we don't care what what tribe they + +01:02:54.540 --> 01:02:58.360 +are. The spirits have been disturbed. The + +01:02:58.360 --> 01:03:02.660 +spirits have been disturbed. And we need + +01:03:02.660 --> 01:03:03.600 +to put them at peace. + +01:03:08.300 --> 01:03:11.280 +And repatriation was an intertribal + +01:03:11.280 --> 01:03:15.480 +movement to deal with some very serious + +01:03:15.480 --> 01:03:19.300 +issues, dangerous + +01:03:19.300 --> 01:03:22.200 +issues, powerful issues, things that I + +01:03:22.200 --> 01:03:26.700 +cannot possibly understand and my solution + +01:03:26.700 --> 01:03:30.180 +is to look to the people in my community + +01:03:30.180 --> 01:03:33.800 +like I'm going for six months to intern + +01:03:33.800 --> 01:03:36.220 +with the second Fox repatriation committee + +01:03:36.220 --> 01:03:40.260 +which is made up of elders and their + +01:03:40.260 --> 01:03:44.300 +response is that they need to move + +01:03:44.300 --> 01:03:47.760 +extremely slow they need to be extremely + +01:03:47.760 --> 01:03:50.780 +careful because they're dealing with very + +01:03:50.780 --> 01:03:55.960 +very powerful and dangerous issues, and + +01:03:55.960 --> 01:03:57.500 +that they need to be guided by the + +01:03:57.500 --> 01:04:00.800 +traditional beliefs and the traditional + +01:04:00.800 --> 01:04:05.100 +ways that have guided them in everything + +01:04:05.100 --> 01:04:11.460 +else they do. And what I see going on a + +01:04:11.460 --> 01:04:16.180 +lot of other places is these remains, + +01:04:16.480 --> 01:04:23.260 +these ancestors, become a war trophy, we + +01:04:23.260 --> 01:04:26.820 +will get these bones back from you + +01:04:26.820 --> 01:04:30.940 +anthropologists. We will take them and put + +01:04:30.940 --> 01:04:33.380 +them in the ground where they belong. And + +01:04:33.380 --> 01:04:37.680 +that attitude, I don't know what to think + +01:04:37.680 --> 01:04:44.120 +about it, because I don't know where it's + +01:04:44.120 --> 01:04:49.080 +coming from. and I have a lot of + +01:04:49.080 --> 01:04:51.960 +documentation that I've been finding + +01:04:51.960 --> 01:04:55.760 +lately. For instance, there was this case + +01:04:55.760 --> 01:05:00.260 +in Kentucky + +01:05:00.260 --> 01:05:07.180 +at a place called Slag Farm, and 1,200 + +01:05:07.180 --> 01:05:10.800 +shiny bodies were taken out of the ground + +01:05:10.800 --> 01:05:16.800 +by pot hunters. And Indian people + +01:05:16.800 --> 01:05:22.040 +immediately responded because + +01:05:22.040 --> 01:05:29.200 +of the desecration. But in addition to + +01:05:29.200 --> 01:05:34.360 +ceremonies to put, to rebury those people, + +01:05:34.600 --> 01:05:42.620 +a proposal for $157,000 to bring 700 + +01:05:42.620 --> 01:05:47.580 +elders of the International Elders Council + +01:05:47.580 --> 01:05:51.200 +came up. A local news story forecasted up + +01:05:51.200 --> 01:05:54.280 +to 100,000 Indians could be expected to + +01:05:54.280 --> 01:05:57.380 +show up for the reburial. The Evansville + +01:05:57.380 --> 01:05:59.220 +Convention and Visitors Bureau sent out + +01:05:59.220 --> 01:06:01.760 +housing forms to all tribal offices + +01:06:02.300 --> 01:06:04.500 +because they expected huge crowds to + +01:06:04.500 --> 01:06:05.380 +materialize. + +01:06:09.480 --> 01:06:12.480 +Members of the reburial committee started + +01:06:12.480 --> 01:06:14.000 +claiming that it would be the largest + +01:06:14.000 --> 01:06:15.860 +gathering of tribal hierarchy this + +01:06:15.860 --> 01:06:19.860 +century. a concert was proposed, a powwow, + +01:06:20.060 --> 01:06:25.600 +a sidewalk art show, Hollywood stars would + +01:06:25.600 --> 01:06:29.980 +arrive according to one of the organizers + +01:06:29.980 --> 01:06:35.500 +of the event. It became an event. And + +01:06:35.500 --> 01:06:36.860 +these are Indian people. + +01:06:42.060 --> 01:06:45.300 +Eventually, two of the organizers took off + +01:06:45.300 --> 01:06:49.500 +with $30,000 that they raised. And nowhere + +01:06:49.500 --> 01:06:54.600 +could I find that the Shawnee had had + +01:06:54.600 --> 01:06:55.820 +anything to do with this. + +01:06:59.600 --> 01:07:02.500 +So, I think James is passing me a little + +01:07:02.500 --> 01:07:04.620 +note here, and I'll stop right there. + +01:07:08.800 --> 01:07:11.060 +That's great. What questions do people + +01:07:11.060 --> 01:07:17.080 +have? One minute, sir. Eric? I'm sort of + +01:07:17.080 --> 01:07:20.560 +wondering about whether you actually + +01:07:20.560 --> 01:07:25.780 +believe it's wrong for groups + +01:07:25.780 --> 01:07:28.740 +who aren't directly affiliated with these + +01:07:28.740 --> 01:07:34.620 +remains to lobby for their reburial. And + +01:07:34.620 --> 01:07:38.540 +the example I think of is a few years + +01:07:38.540 --> 01:07:43.220 +back, a group of Indian tribes from + +01:07:43.220 --> 01:07:47.000 +southern New England reburied the remains + +01:07:47.000 --> 01:07:50.540 +of some Niantic Indians. There is no + +01:07:50.540 --> 01:07:53.700 +Niantic + +01:07:53.700 --> 01:08:00.600 +tribe extant today. And the + +01:08:00.600 --> 01:08:04.720 +Indians were buried on the Pequot + +01:08:04.720 --> 01:08:09.120 +reservation, the tribal medicine man of + +01:08:09.120 --> 01:08:11.240 +the Wampanoag Indians and the medicine man + +01:08:11.240 --> 01:08:14.740 +of the, I think it was the Pasamacuati, + +01:08:14.900 --> 01:08:21.360 +were presiding over the ceremony and they + +01:08:21.360 --> 01:08:25.840 +were buried these remains in a very very + +01:08:25.840 --> 01:08:31.000 +pan-tribal manner. They didn't necessarily + +01:08:31.000 --> 01:08:34.940 +do it in the authentic Niantic way, + +01:08:35.100 --> 01:08:38.220 +whatever that was. But they at least + +01:08:38.220 --> 01:08:41.040 +returned these things to the ground, which + +01:08:41.040 --> 01:08:43.220 +they knew was the tradition of the + +01:08:43.220 --> 01:08:47.360 +Niantics to actually bury the remains. But + +01:08:47.360 --> 01:08:49.580 +had they not done that, these remains + +01:08:49.580 --> 01:08:55.120 +remains would have stayed in a museum or + +01:08:55.120 --> 01:08:57.980 +wherever they were forever because there + +01:08:57.980 --> 01:09:00.280 +would have been no Niantics to claim them + +01:09:00.280 --> 01:09:03.640 +back. All right. The National Committee, + +01:09:03.940 --> 01:09:08.680 +their basic, and this is of course rumor + +01:09:08.680 --> 01:09:10.860 +because I have not personally talked to + +01:09:10.860 --> 01:09:12.980 +the National Committee, but the grapevine + +01:09:12.980 --> 01:09:17.360 +says that the National Committee, which is + +01:09:17.360 --> 01:09:19.300 +made up of, I think, four Indians and + +01:09:19.300 --> 01:09:21.940 +three non-Indians, is saying that any + +01:09:21.940 --> 01:09:29.080 +Native American is closer to a human + +01:09:29.080 --> 01:09:33.440 +remain that's of Native American descent + +01:09:33.880 --> 01:09:36.260 +than any non-Indian is. And consequently, + +01:09:36.400 --> 01:09:41.600 +we will act on that prerogative. Now, if + +01:09:41.600 --> 01:09:48.380 +there are remains which have no tribal + +01:09:48.380 --> 01:09:52.120 +affiliation, I don't know what to do about + +01:09:52.120 --> 01:09:54.920 +that. I don't have an answer for you. But + +01:09:54.920 --> 01:10:01.460 +what I'm saying is that a lot of people + +01:10:01.460 --> 01:10:05.780 +are saying, we're tired of waiting. We + +01:10:05.780 --> 01:10:09.100 +want to do this now. now. No more + +01:10:09.100 --> 01:10:15.320 +consultation, no more discussing it. We + +01:10:15.320 --> 01:10:19.120 +want those bones back in the ground. And + +01:10:19.120 --> 01:10:23.980 +my concern with that is that when I talk + +01:10:23.980 --> 01:10:27.700 +to tribal + +01:10:27.700 --> 01:10:31.120 +elders, they're saying we need to take + +01:10:31.120 --> 01:10:33.980 +this very slow. We need to be very + +01:10:33.980 --> 01:10:37.180 +careful. We need to have a lot of + +01:10:37.180 --> 01:10:39.980 +discussion. We need the Sac and Fox + +01:10:39.980 --> 01:10:42.320 +repatriation policy, I have it with me, + +01:10:42.380 --> 01:10:44.980 +says that we need the opinion of every + +01:10:44.980 --> 01:10:47.900 +single member of the tribe and we need all + +01:10:47.900 --> 01:10:49.900 +of their knowledge because no one can + +01:10:49.900 --> 01:10:51.960 +handle this alone. This needs to be a + +01:10:51.960 --> 01:10:54.240 +collective, a collective pursuit, a + +01:10:54.240 --> 01:11:00.060 +collective effort. And so when a rash + +01:11:00.060 --> 01:11:03.820 +decision is made, and I'll use an example + +01:11:03.820 --> 01:11:08.120 +which strikes close to home, and I'll use + +01:11:08.120 --> 01:11:12.760 +it without names, but this University + +01:11:12.760 --> 01:11:15.220 +Stanford did a repatriation several years + +01:11:15.220 --> 01:11:22.580 +ago of Ohlone individuals and And it's + +01:11:22.580 --> 01:11:25.820 +unclear what type of consultation process + +01:11:25.820 --> 01:11:29.320 +happened, but there are Ohlone individuals + +01:11:29.320 --> 01:11:32.940 +today who will not talk to other Ohlone + +01:11:32.940 --> 01:11:35.880 +individuals because of the way that + +01:11:35.880 --> 01:11:39.120 +reburial was handled, because the people + +01:11:39.120 --> 01:11:42.140 +who ended up receiving the remains to put + +01:11:42.140 --> 01:11:44.540 +them in the earth carried out ceremonies + +01:11:44.540 --> 01:11:48.080 +in a way that they found to be spiritual + +01:11:48.080 --> 01:11:53.180 +violence, And the words that they used was + +01:11:53.180 --> 01:11:59.020 +that it reminded them of when the Nazis + +01:11:59.020 --> 01:12:03.400 +buried Jews in mass graves. And all they + +01:12:03.400 --> 01:12:07.340 +could do was go home and pray and purify + +01:12:07.340 --> 01:12:10.620 +themselves. Now, I don't know if that + +01:12:10.620 --> 01:12:13.740 +individual speaks for the traditional + +01:12:13.740 --> 01:12:18.020 +Ohlones. I don't know anything about it. + +01:12:18.020 --> 01:12:20.480 +All I know is that if someone had been + +01:12:20.480 --> 01:12:25.920 +more careful, had taken longer to engage + +01:12:25.920 --> 01:12:28.140 +in a process to make sure that there was + +01:12:28.140 --> 01:12:33.380 +unity in the tribe on how to move forward + +01:12:33.380 --> 01:12:36.340 +on this, then there wouldn't be that + +01:12:36.340 --> 01:12:41.880 +issue. issue. And for me, it's like, it's + +01:12:41.880 --> 01:12:45.960 +so, it's so dangerous. And Indian people + +01:12:45.960 --> 01:12:50.080 +have waited so long to have this, that, + +01:12:50.180 --> 01:12:52.740 +you know, a few more years to work out + +01:12:52.740 --> 01:12:56.680 +some problems among you isn't gonna, isn't + +01:12:56.680 --> 01:13:00.080 +gonna hurt anything. You know, to wait, to + +01:13:00.080 --> 01:13:03.320 +wait three, even three or four years until + +01:13:03.320 --> 01:13:06.700 +you, your tribe or your community or + +01:13:06.700 --> 01:13:10.400 +whatever has come to a consensus on how to + +01:13:10.400 --> 01:13:15.060 +handle the issue and has designated people + +01:13:15.060 --> 01:13:20.020 +specifically to handle these matters, then + +01:13:20.020 --> 01:13:24.700 +that's better than rushing it. It's not an + +01:13:24.700 --> 01:13:27.840 +issue that can be rushed. Do you think + +01:13:27.840 --> 01:13:29.140 +they can actually achieve that sort of + +01:13:29.140 --> 01:13:33.420 +unanimity? Well, I don't know about all + +01:13:33.420 --> 01:13:36.480 +tribes. The Sac and Fox, I think, are + +01:13:36.480 --> 01:13:41.020 +going to from the way it's going. The + +01:13:41.020 --> 01:13:43.460 +Hopi, for instance, they have four + +01:13:43.460 --> 01:13:46.000 +archaeologists who work for them. They + +01:13:46.000 --> 01:13:48.840 +have an archaeological program, and it's + +01:13:48.840 --> 01:13:53.200 +overseen by 18 clan elders and priests. + +01:13:54.100 --> 01:13:56.140 +Now, I don't know how the Hopi feel about + +01:13:56.140 --> 01:13:59.420 +that, but it sounds like something that's + +01:13:59.420 --> 01:14:04.460 +better than, you know, giving up bones or + +01:14:04.460 --> 01:14:07.360 +sacred objects when there is still some + +01:14:07.360 --> 01:14:10.220 +doubt about who should be receiving those. + +01:14:11.240 --> 01:14:15.380 +This repatriation, I have, and this is my + +01:14:15.380 --> 01:14:17.440 +personal opinion, is not an activist + +01:14:17.440 --> 01:14:23.440 +issue. You know, this is not primarily a + +01:14:23.440 --> 01:14:25.420 +political issue. It's primarily a + +01:14:25.420 --> 01:14:28.400 +spiritual issue and a cultural issue. And + +01:14:28.400 --> 01:14:30.580 +it's not something to carry banners around + +01:14:30.580 --> 01:14:35.980 +about. There is a proper way which needs + +01:14:35.980 --> 01:14:38.080 +to be directed by people who have + +01:14:38.080 --> 01:14:42.020 +knowledge. I don't know. I don't know how + +01:14:42.020 --> 01:14:44.780 +to handle a repatriation and I would never + +01:14:44.780 --> 01:14:49.580 +go do that. Can I just chip in here on the + +01:14:49.580 --> 01:14:50.880 +same, because I think it's a really good + +01:14:50.880 --> 01:14:52.960 +question And obviously, as you know, there + +01:14:52.960 --> 01:14:55.460 +are also a great number of remains which + +01:14:55.460 --> 01:14:57.040 +aren't even tribally identified, whether + +01:14:57.040 --> 01:14:59.340 +they still exist as a community or not. So + +01:14:59.340 --> 01:15:00.520 +this is going to be a continual problem. + +01:15:00.760 --> 01:15:02.400 +It seems to me that one way of answering + +01:15:02.400 --> 01:15:04.000 +this that's suggested by the work that + +01:15:04.000 --> 01:15:05.980 +Jacob has done is that I think what Jacob + +01:15:05.980 --> 01:15:07.880 +has done very well is he's developing a + +01:15:07.880 --> 01:15:09.680 +distinction between responsibility and + +01:15:09.680 --> 01:15:12.260 +ownership. And what he's trying to do is + +01:15:12.260 --> 01:15:14.460 +to show why those two things being very + +01:15:14.460 --> 01:15:15.820 +different have very different implications + +01:15:15.820 --> 01:15:17.760 +for how this is handled, whether it's on a + +01:15:17.760 --> 01:15:20.040 +tribal or an intertribal level. I think + +01:15:20.040 --> 01:15:22.180 +he's trying to suggest that if the bones + +01:15:22.180 --> 01:15:23.820 +are approached to something which is owned + +01:15:23.820 --> 01:15:25.020 +over which there can be a political + +01:15:25.020 --> 01:15:26.580 +battle, then it doesn't matter whether + +01:15:26.580 --> 01:15:28.320 +it's a tribe doing it or whether it's the + +01:15:28.320 --> 01:15:29.700 +National Congress of American Indians, + +01:15:29.780 --> 01:15:31.160 +you're going to run into inappropriate + +01:15:31.160 --> 01:15:33.780 +potentials, potential for inappropriate + +01:15:33.780 --> 01:15:36.460 +kinds of actions. If it's approached as a + +01:15:36.460 --> 01:15:38.460 +problem of responsibility rather than of + +01:15:38.460 --> 01:15:41.180 +ownership, then again, there can be + +01:15:41.180 --> 01:15:43.460 +appropriate solutions to either tribal or + +01:15:43.460 --> 01:15:46.140 +intertribal problems that come up in the + +01:15:46.140 --> 01:15:47.760 +repatriation process. I mean, I don't, + +01:15:47.760 --> 01:15:49.400 +personally, I don't have any problem with, + +01:15:49.400 --> 01:15:52.000 +you know, the propriety of these people + +01:15:52.000 --> 01:15:53.760 +because I see that as an example of taking + +01:15:53.760 --> 01:15:56.020 +responsibility. Now, whether within their + +01:15:56.020 --> 01:15:57.560 +own rhetoric they viewed it as a political + +01:15:57.560 --> 01:15:59.680 +battle and they approached it as something + +01:15:59.680 --> 01:16:01.500 +they owned, I don't know. But I'm saying + +01:16:01.500 --> 01:16:03.620 +that it suggests a model of responsibility + +01:16:03.620 --> 01:16:05.720 +rather than of ownership. And it seems to + +01:16:05.720 --> 01:16:08.200 +me that's one really important thing I'm + +01:16:08.200 --> 01:16:09.880 +learning out of your work is how to + +01:16:09.880 --> 01:16:11.640 +understand those issues. And maybe I + +01:16:11.640 --> 01:16:14.340 +should be more specific. In terms of the + +01:16:14.340 --> 01:16:18.580 +law, one of the ways that institutions + +01:16:18.580 --> 01:16:22.660 +determine who they repatriate remains to + +01:16:22.660 --> 01:16:25.900 +is they look at the ICC map, which is the + +01:16:25.900 --> 01:16:28.920 +Indian Claims Commission map, which is a + +01:16:28.920 --> 01:16:31.820 +map that is only accurate for certain + +01:16:31.820 --> 01:16:34.020 +periods of time and has a lot to do with + +01:16:34.020 --> 01:16:35.900 +the political influence and the legal + +01:16:35.900 --> 01:16:38.500 +influence of the tribes who took cases + +01:16:38.500 --> 01:16:40.580 +before the Indian Claims Commission. For + +01:16:40.580 --> 01:16:45.280 +example, the Siouxs have a huge area on + +01:16:45.280 --> 01:16:48.820 +the map. And if that's the map that + +01:16:48.820 --> 01:16:52.840 +they're using, and they go ahead and + +01:16:52.840 --> 01:16:57.420 +repatriate to the Siouxs without doing any + +01:16:57.420 --> 01:17:03.420 +other further consultation, and it comes + +01:17:03.420 --> 01:17:06.480 +up later on that they have more + +01:17:06.480 --> 01:17:08.240 +documentation that says that those belong + +01:17:08.240 --> 01:17:11.360 +to another tribe or something like that, + +01:17:11.540 --> 01:17:15.380 +it can cause division within the community + +01:17:15.380 --> 01:17:17.860 +as well as a huge public relations problem + +01:17:17.860 --> 01:17:22.660 +for the institution. I have a couple of + +01:17:22.660 --> 01:17:24.380 +comments. I was on the repatriation + +01:17:24.380 --> 01:17:26.640 +committee at Berkeley when I was a student + +01:17:26.640 --> 01:17:29.040 +there, and it was a war because it was + +01:17:29.040 --> 01:17:30.760 +Indian and non-Indian on that committee, + +01:17:30.940 --> 01:17:34.160 +and we battled every meeting. And I have a + +01:17:34.160 --> 01:17:36.960 +box full of material that we produced and + +01:17:36.960 --> 01:17:38.740 +had to read in addition to all of our + +01:17:38.740 --> 01:17:41.340 +classes. So it's not an easy solution. And + +01:17:41.340 --> 01:17:43.720 +this division, not my tribe in Oklahoma, + +01:17:43.900 --> 01:17:46.840 +but the Seminole tribe in Florida, they + +01:17:46.840 --> 01:17:49.620 +found some remains in northern Florida by + +01:17:49.620 --> 01:17:53.540 +Tampa. And as Seminoles were most likely + +01:17:53.540 --> 01:17:55.820 +descendants of those remains, they + +01:17:55.820 --> 01:17:58.580 +contacted the tribe and asked them if they + +01:17:58.580 --> 01:18:01.740 +wanted to have that. So James Billy, the + +01:18:01.740 --> 01:18:03.160 +tribal chairman, went up there and said, + +01:18:03.220 --> 01:18:05.480 +yes, I want to take this land and turn it + +01:18:05.480 --> 01:18:07.560 +into trust land because it's our land. And + +01:18:07.560 --> 01:18:09.100 +then he immediately put a bingo parlor + +01:18:09.100 --> 01:18:11.800 +there because the land was turned to trust + +01:18:11.800 --> 01:18:13.440 +land. Now, that's caused tremendous + +01:18:13.440 --> 01:18:17.080 +division in the nation down there. And the + +01:18:17.080 --> 01:18:19.640 +repercussions are still being felt. And + +01:18:19.640 --> 01:18:21.940 +some people said, how could he take an + +01:18:21.940 --> 01:18:24.360 +area that was sacred and remains? I mean, + +01:18:24.360 --> 01:18:26.420 +he didn't do it right on the burial + +01:18:26.420 --> 01:18:29.020 +ground. But certainly, it's very difficult + +01:18:29.020 --> 01:18:31.600 +to take land and turn it into trust land, + +01:18:31.800 --> 01:18:34.060 +the government is very unwilling to do + +01:18:34.060 --> 01:18:37.600 +that at this point. And I haven't checked + +01:18:37.600 --> 01:18:39.340 +recently because I've been broiled in + +01:18:39.340 --> 01:18:42.460 +several nations right now. But what is + +01:18:42.460 --> 01:18:44.160 +happening too is that it's causing + +01:18:44.160 --> 01:18:47.400 +division for the people in there who have + +01:18:47.400 --> 01:18:49.840 +questions about that. So when I get the + +01:18:49.840 --> 01:18:51.040 +paper from down there, they're still + +01:18:51.040 --> 01:18:52.960 +asking. And James said, I always intended + +01:18:52.960 --> 01:18:54.880 +to do this. You just didn't understand + +01:18:54.880 --> 01:18:56.580 +that this was my idea in the beginning + +01:18:56.580 --> 01:18:58.580 +because the other people are saying, How + +01:18:58.580 --> 01:19:01.140 +could you set up a bingo, yet another + +01:19:01.140 --> 01:19:04.000 +bingo parlor, even though it does bring in + +01:19:04.000 --> 01:19:05.360 +tremendous revenues and it's another + +01:19:05.360 --> 01:19:08.000 +consistent battle field. But it isn't a + +01:19:08.000 --> 01:19:11.900 +simple answer, and certainly the very fact + +01:19:11.900 --> 01:19:14.260 +that the Seminole Nation wasn't even + +01:19:14.260 --> 01:19:17.140 +formed until after contact has another + +01:19:17.140 --> 01:19:20.820 +ramification in it for those people to + +01:19:20.820 --> 01:19:24.000 +approve the most likely disbandment. It is + +01:19:24.000 --> 01:19:31.940 +problematic. Thank you. one more comment I + +01:19:31.940 --> 01:19:34.880 +also like I said I'm new to Stanford but I + +01:19:34.880 --> 01:19:39.020 +also wanted that people that been invited + +01:19:39.020 --> 01:19:40.780 +as part of that group to participate we've + +01:19:40.780 --> 01:19:43.400 +only met couple times and they talked + +01:19:43.400 --> 01:19:47.840 +about the only patriots before that that + +01:19:47.840 --> 01:19:52.400 +people felt that way because you know I + +01:19:52.400 --> 01:19:56.460 +serve on that committee and I'm the only + +01:19:56.460 --> 01:20:01.820 +two of + +01:20:01.820 --> 01:20:06.760 +us but the woman's gone but you know I I + +01:20:06.760 --> 01:20:08.880 +can only speak for you know what I do but + +01:20:08.880 --> 01:20:11.980 +I think you know I know about my tribe I + +01:20:11.980 --> 01:20:13.760 +think that it's very difficult when you + +01:20:13.760 --> 01:20:16.960 +ask. I don't speak, I don't represent the + +01:20:16.960 --> 01:20:19.440 +Indian voice of all of you trying to, but + +01:20:19.440 --> 01:20:23.900 +certainly I try to do my best how I can to + +01:20:23.900 --> 01:20:26.940 +talk about the sacredness and so forth. + +01:20:28.280 --> 01:20:31.180 +That's a big issue for me because I come + +01:20:31.180 --> 01:20:34.800 +from a that's very, very traditional. A + +01:20:34.800 --> 01:20:37.580 +whole lot of these things are sacred. And + +01:20:37.580 --> 01:20:42.120 +I've seen Victor go. When you were reading + +01:20:42.120 --> 01:20:44.540 +that article about Kentucky, it was + +01:20:44.540 --> 01:20:47.460 +interesting because a couple of years ago, + +01:20:47.560 --> 01:20:51.140 +Haymans received a lot of, there were no + +01:20:51.140 --> 01:20:56.420 +bones or anything, bodies, but a lot of + +01:20:57.000 --> 01:21:00.160 +Smithsonian, a lot of sacred items that + +01:21:00.160 --> 01:21:03.320 +had been taken. And the news people in + +01:21:03.320 --> 01:21:09.000 +Albuquerque really wanted to come in and + +01:21:09.000 --> 01:21:14.340 +document and film the whole thing. And it + +01:21:14.340 --> 01:21:19.240 +was just really crazy. But it was the same + +01:21:19.240 --> 01:21:21.540 +thing as the Hopi. It was our priests and + +01:21:21.540 --> 01:21:23.380 +our clan leaders and those people that + +01:21:23.380 --> 01:21:26.300 +were involved in this whole thing. and the + +01:21:26.300 --> 01:21:29.120 +governor's made an appearance at the + +01:21:29.120 --> 01:21:32.000 +airport just to do it quick so the press + +01:21:32.000 --> 01:21:34.560 +were here blah blah blah we're going home + +01:21:34.560 --> 01:21:37.100 +and that was it we didn't allow anybody + +01:21:37.100 --> 01:21:40.800 +back on the reservation and then once + +01:21:40.800 --> 01:21:42.680 +we've been on the items were brought to + +01:21:42.680 --> 01:21:44.200 +the reservation they just brought him into + +01:21:44.200 --> 01:21:46.280 +the plaza straight into the casiqui house + +01:21:46.280 --> 01:21:49.840 +and that was it there was no we still + +01:21:49.840 --> 01:21:53.100 +don't know to this day what was there but + +01:21:53.100 --> 01:21:55.760 +that's not for us to know because our + +01:21:55.760 --> 01:21:58.720 +leadership our religious leaders they did + +01:21:58.720 --> 01:22:00.160 +the appropriate things when they brought + +01:22:00.160 --> 01:22:03.180 +these things on and people you know it was + +01:22:03.180 --> 01:22:04.920 +like well can you display these and we can + +01:22:04.920 --> 01:22:07.080 +take you know when these people take a + +01:22:07.080 --> 01:22:11.520 +picture and we just you know I think was + +01:22:11.520 --> 01:22:14.720 +very appropriately done I don't know what + +01:22:14.720 --> 01:22:17.780 +those items are but I don't question it + +01:22:17.780 --> 01:22:19.900 +because I know the right thing was done + +01:22:19.900 --> 01:22:23.280 +from the leadership and everybody's happy. + +01:22:23.620 --> 01:22:25.060 +I think that's what's important. + +01:22:30.120 --> 01:22:32.500 +I'd say we're off to a great start this + +01:22:32.500 --> 01:22:34.500 +morning. Let's thank Jacob and then + +01:22:34.500 --> 01:22:35.500 +we'll... + +01:22:47.260 --> 01:22:48.500 +Thank you. + +01:23:45.840 --> 01:23:47.240 +Thank you. + +01:24:15.840 --> 01:24:17.240 +Thank you. + +01:24:27.780 --> 01:24:30.580 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bw689yg2740_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bw689yg2740_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21b1199 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bw689yg2740_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,3782 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:01.980 --> 00:04.220 +The person who's going to say the blessing + +00:04.220 --> 00:07.820 +is Benny Shendo, who is the director of + +00:07.820 --> 00:09.900 +our American Indian program here at + +00:09.900 --> 00:12.780 +Stanford, and he's Hamas. + +00:16.200 --> 00:18.480 +I'm going to say the opening prayer in my + +00:18.480 --> 00:22.020 +own language. So also, as I say the + +00:22.020 --> 00:23.520 +prayer, you can say your own prayer as + +00:23.520 --> 00:23.680 +well. + +00:53.680 --> 00:57.480 +I feel that the people who are here today, + +00:58.460 --> 01:01.240 +they cannot go to the other side of the + +01:01.240 --> 01:03.700 +world, and they cannot go to the other + +01:03.700 --> 01:06.600 +side of the world, and they cannot go to + +01:06.600 --> 01:07.900 +the other side of the world, and they + +01:07.900 --> 01:09.120 +cannot go to the other side of the world, + +01:09.120 --> 01:13.760 +and they cannot go to the other side of + +01:13.760 --> 01:18.120 +the world, and they cannot + +01:18.120 --> 01:24.020 +go to the other side of the world, . + +01:41.560 --> 01:44.400 +OK. I guess we're going to go ahead and + +01:44.400 --> 01:46.540 +get started. So everyone can be seated. + +01:46.540 --> 01:52.780 +AND FIND + +01:52.780 --> 01:53.220 +A SEAT. + +02:20.820 --> 02:25.100 +Okay, just to, we want to welcome you to + +02:25.100 --> 02:27.060 +Stanford University, everyone who's come + +02:27.060 --> 02:30.000 +from other universities. My name is Rania + +02:30.000 --> 02:34.400 +Ramirez. I'm a part of SNAG, which is + +02:34.400 --> 02:37.320 +Stanford Native American Graduate Group, + +02:37.320 --> 02:42.240 +and we helped put put this conference + +02:42.240 --> 02:47.020 +together or this forum together. We just + +02:47.020 --> 02:49.640 +want to say that this is supposed to be + +02:49.640 --> 02:52.820 +like a conversation. The way it's going to + +02:52.820 --> 02:56.960 +work is each person who is going to talk + +02:56.960 --> 02:59.240 +about their work is going to come and sit + +02:59.240 --> 03:01.620 +at this point in the table, mainly because + +03:01.620 --> 03:03.980 +we are videotaping the event. + +03:07.520 --> 03:10.260 +And we'll present for about 10 minutes. + +03:10.260 --> 03:13.860 +and then the rest of the time will be for + +03:13.860 --> 03:17.200 +basically a conversation just to talk + +03:17.200 --> 03:19.600 +about you know the issues that were + +03:19.600 --> 03:24.260 +brought up in the presentation maybe some + +03:24.260 --> 03:27.120 +similar experiences we've had doing doing + +03:27.120 --> 03:31.400 +research just you know very informal you + +03:31.400 --> 03:33.320 +know we want people to feel comfortable + +03:33.320 --> 03:38.760 +and just just really enjoy the day. We're + +03:38.760 --> 03:42.680 +going to start out with Benny Shendo who's + +03:42.680 --> 03:44.880 +going to come up and say a few words and + +03:44.880 --> 03:48.040 +then after Benny Shendo will be Jim + +03:48.040 --> 03:51.880 +Larimore who used to be the director of + +03:51.880 --> 03:53.980 +our American Indian program office but is + +03:53.980 --> 03:57.220 +now the acting dean of students here at + +03:57.220 --> 03:57.560 +the university. + +04:04.140 --> 04:08.620 +Again, I'd just like to welcome all of you + +04:08.620 --> 04:14.540 +to the second annual research forum. As + +04:14.540 --> 04:16.620 +Rania mentioned, I'm the Assistant Dean of + +04:16.620 --> 04:18.260 +Students and also Director of our American + +04:18.260 --> 04:21.980 +Indian program. I'm new to Stanford. I've + +04:21.980 --> 04:25.600 +been here for going on my seventh month, + +04:25.720 --> 04:29.360 +but it's been really good. When Gil + +04:29.360 --> 04:32.660 +mentioned this forum last year, they had + +04:32.660 --> 04:35.620 +their first annual, it really got me + +04:35.620 --> 04:37.040 +excited because it was one of the things + +04:37.040 --> 04:39.280 +that we really wanted to do is, you know, + +04:39.280 --> 04:41.640 +what are some of our students doing in + +04:41.640 --> 04:44.020 +terms of scholarship and work that affect + +04:44.020 --> 04:47.120 +Native communities. So we talked about it + +04:47.120 --> 04:49.360 +and we began to brainstorm it. We did it + +04:49.360 --> 04:51.280 +last year, it was very informal, and it + +04:51.280 --> 04:53.180 +was a wonderful experience. We wanted to + +04:53.180 --> 04:54.780 +keep it that way. We wanted it to be a + +04:54.780 --> 04:59.460 +conversation, a discussion, so that we + +04:59.460 --> 05:03.560 +could really get a lot out of it. So we + +05:03.560 --> 05:07.320 +planned it, and Renia has been very, both + +05:07.320 --> 05:08.900 +Renia and Gail have been very instrumental + +05:09.260 --> 05:13.040 +in making this happen again. So I'd just + +05:13.040 --> 05:15.040 +like to welcome all of you on behalf of + +05:15.040 --> 05:16.600 +our American Indian and Alaska Native + +05:16.600 --> 05:19.000 +program at Stanford. So I hope you enjoy + +05:19.000 --> 05:21.160 +your day. Jim? + +05:26.440 --> 05:29.380 +I guess this is kind of an unusual thing + +05:29.380 --> 05:30.660 +for me because, as Renia mentioned, I've + +05:30.660 --> 05:34.460 +been kind of changing my professional + +05:34.460 --> 05:36.800 +identities around Stanford for the last + +05:36.800 --> 05:40.100 +year or so and have made a series of + +05:40.100 --> 05:42.520 +shifts. And the shifts that have come have + +05:42.520 --> 05:45.000 +been after serving for nine years as the + +05:45.000 --> 05:46.360 +director for the American Indian program, + +05:46.960 --> 05:50.040 +making a break and starting full-time as a + +05:50.040 --> 05:51.260 +doctoral student over in the School of + +05:51.260 --> 05:53.440 +Education in higher ed and administration + +05:53.440 --> 05:56.260 +and policy analysis last fall. And after + +05:56.260 --> 05:58.920 +six months of being a student, taking a + +05:58.920 --> 06:00.840 +leave and stepping in as the acting dean + +06:00.840 --> 06:03.200 +of students here, and after my first week + +06:03.200 --> 06:04.900 +on the job, which was just this past week, + +06:05.000 --> 06:06.020 +I can't tell you how much I'm looking + +06:06.020 --> 06:07.340 +forward to going back to being a student + +06:07.340 --> 06:11.300 +again in September and just getting much + +06:11.300 --> 06:13.800 +more in touch with classroom life, with + +06:13.800 --> 06:17.440 +research and with a chance to really focus + +06:17.440 --> 06:20.420 +on thinking hard about things, on kind of + +06:20.420 --> 06:22.400 +how things are, how they got that way, and + +06:22.400 --> 06:25.380 +maybe how they could be. And so this is, + +06:25.400 --> 06:28.580 +for me, a little bit of a homecoming in + +06:28.580 --> 06:31.940 +being back involved with the community + +06:32.880 --> 06:35.680 +after trying to maintain a little bit of + +06:35.680 --> 06:37.960 +distance to help my own transition this + +06:37.960 --> 06:40.660 +year. And so it's a real kind of honor and + +06:40.660 --> 06:42.600 +a pleasure to be among all the folks that + +06:42.600 --> 06:45.500 +are here this morning. I spoke yesterday + +06:45.500 --> 06:47.760 +afternoon with Condoleezza Rice, our + +06:47.760 --> 06:50.300 +university provost, and it was then that + +06:50.300 --> 06:52.060 +she informed me that she had a scheduling + +06:52.060 --> 06:54.060 +conflict that had come up with a gathering + +06:54.060 --> 06:57.220 +up in San Francisco. And so Condi asked me + +06:57.220 --> 06:59.580 +if I would extend a welcome on behalf of + +06:59.580 --> 07:01.800 +the university to folks that have traveled + +07:01.800 --> 07:04.680 +from other schools, other places here in + +07:04.680 --> 07:07.040 +California and elsewhere to be with us + +07:07.040 --> 07:10.120 +today. and and so I hope that it looks + +07:10.120 --> 07:12.000 +from looking out behind the camera and out + +07:12.000 --> 07:14.260 +the window that that this may be the kind + +07:14.260 --> 07:15.920 +of Stanford weather and Northern + +07:15.920 --> 07:18.340 +California weather that we're accustomed + +07:18.340 --> 07:20.480 +to here and so I hope that the + +07:20.480 --> 07:22.560 +surroundings will be pleasant and in + +07:22.560 --> 07:24.500 +supportive of the kind of thinking and + +07:24.500 --> 07:26.420 +talking that you all want to try and do + +07:26.420 --> 07:30.600 +today as as Benny was it was doing his + +07:30.600 --> 07:33.520 +opening prayer for this this gathering + +07:33.520 --> 07:37.080 +this morning it reminded me of how how + +07:37.080 --> 07:39.900 +important it is that as people gather that + +07:39.900 --> 07:41.780 +we pray, and as we pray that we pray for + +07:41.780 --> 07:44.260 +wisdom, among other things. And that the + +07:44.260 --> 07:46.980 +wisdom that we seek is in order to make + +07:46.980 --> 07:49.520 +life better for those around us, to make + +07:49.520 --> 07:52.420 +life better for those among us, and also + +07:52.420 --> 07:54.100 +to try and make life better for those yet + +07:54.100 --> 07:57.400 +to come. And I think that, for me, + +07:57.440 --> 07:59.420 +represents the spirit of what American + +07:59.420 --> 08:01.580 +Indian and Alaska Native research is + +08:01.580 --> 08:05.020 +about. We have been researchers and + +08:05.020 --> 08:08.240 +scholars for thousands of years and it may + +08:08.240 --> 08:10.000 +not have been things that have been + +08:10.000 --> 08:11.680 +written down and recorded in the forms + +08:11.680 --> 08:14.340 +that universities are used to. But I think + +08:14.340 --> 08:16.420 +you can find no better example of + +08:16.420 --> 08:19.080 +scholarship and humane scholarship than + +08:19.080 --> 08:20.580 +the kind of knowledge that exists within + +08:20.580 --> 08:21.920 +our communities, the kind of knowledge + +08:21.920 --> 08:24.320 +that people are about working with and + +08:24.320 --> 08:28.200 +creating and passing on. And so I want to + +08:28.200 --> 08:32.800 +say, again, on behalf of myself and for + +08:32.800 --> 08:35.060 +the university, that this is an important + +08:35.060 --> 08:37.460 +gathering and that this marks, I think, a + +08:37.460 --> 08:39.820 +real turning point for the way that we can + +08:39.820 --> 08:41.420 +support each other and the way that we can + +08:41.420 --> 08:44.060 +support students and support faculty, + +08:44.280 --> 08:46.600 +tenured and otherwise, in the pursuits and + +08:46.600 --> 08:48.820 +the kinds of pressures that they face in + +08:48.820 --> 08:53.320 +their lives. As people go through the day, + +08:53.520 --> 08:58.220 +what I would like to suggest or offer as a + +08:58.220 --> 09:00.040 +way of thinking about this is that people + +09:00.040 --> 09:02.940 +realize that this is a time, some of you + +09:02.940 --> 09:04.220 +may have met each other, you may have come + +09:04.220 --> 09:05.800 +with friends from other campuses, but this + +09:05.800 --> 09:07.600 +is a real opportunity to get to know + +09:07.600 --> 09:09.740 +people that you may come in contact with + +09:09.740 --> 09:12.700 +on an infrequent basis, people that you + +09:12.700 --> 09:14.900 +may not see until maybe during Powell + +09:14.900 --> 09:16.360 +season, and you'll see folks around + +09:16.360 --> 09:18.540 +different places, faces that you might + +09:18.540 --> 09:20.140 +recognize in different parts of the + +09:20.140 --> 09:21.860 +country at different meetings or community + +09:21.860 --> 09:24.220 +gatherings. And so I hope that during the + +09:24.220 --> 09:26.220 +day you'll take the opportunity to get to + +09:26.220 --> 09:29.240 +know some folks that may not be from where + +09:29.240 --> 09:31.840 +you're from and get a chance to help + +09:31.840 --> 09:34.200 +establish a tighter community base for all + +09:34.200 --> 09:37.140 +of us that way. I would also like to + +09:37.140 --> 09:38.900 +suggest that maybe there are a few + +09:38.900 --> 09:41.200 +different ways to think about how this + +09:41.200 --> 09:43.340 +gathering is situated and what this + +09:43.340 --> 09:46.080 +represents because I think it's important + +09:46.080 --> 09:48.820 +to be able to look at this assembly of + +09:48.820 --> 09:50.540 +people and to look back at how this + +09:50.540 --> 09:52.660 +connects with our past. And to think about + +09:52.660 --> 09:54.160 +how this connects you with previous + +09:54.160 --> 09:56.900 +generations within your own tribe, within + +09:56.900 --> 09:58.720 +your own communities, within the campus + +09:58.720 --> 10:00.520 +communities that you're a part of, within + +10:00.520 --> 10:02.660 +the whole idea of knowledge and what that + +10:02.660 --> 10:05.260 +represents for our communities. And so as + +10:05.260 --> 10:08.840 +you're here and as you're hopefully going + +10:08.840 --> 10:10.040 +through some of the excitement about + +10:10.040 --> 10:12.120 +thinking about things that people are + +10:12.120 --> 10:13.360 +going to present, you'll be able to feel + +10:13.360 --> 10:14.680 +some connection with those that have been + +10:14.680 --> 10:17.120 +here before you. I also hope that you'll + +10:17.120 --> 10:18.920 +feel a sense of that connection with the + +10:18.920 --> 10:20.940 +people that are here with you today, and + +10:20.940 --> 10:22.960 +that as you listen to people and engage in + +10:22.960 --> 10:24.740 +some discussions with each other, that + +10:24.740 --> 10:27.520 +you'll be able to do that in a friendly, + +10:27.740 --> 10:30.280 +cooperative, but even challenging way with + +10:30.280 --> 10:31.960 +each other, and to really help push each + +10:31.960 --> 10:34.740 +other to the best and the hardest thinking + +10:34.740 --> 10:37.160 +that you can do about things. And finally, + +10:37.360 --> 10:40.340 +which kind of brings me back to my old + +10:40.340 --> 10:44.140 +life, being, I think, more involved on a + +10:44.140 --> 10:46.540 +regular basis with the community here, I + +10:46.540 --> 10:48.800 +really hope that you'll carry some things + +10:48.800 --> 10:50.720 +away from this weekend that are going to + +10:50.720 --> 10:52.640 +help you within your own communities and + +10:52.640 --> 10:53.940 +especially that are going to help you + +10:53.940 --> 10:55.740 +reach out to one more person, one more + +10:55.740 --> 10:58.660 +student, whether they're a very young kid, + +10:58.760 --> 11:01.160 +whether they're in elementary school or + +11:01.160 --> 11:03.020 +junior high or high school, or maybe a + +11:03.020 --> 11:04.340 +college student on your own campus. + +11:04.520 --> 11:06.360 +Because the ultimate measure of how + +11:06.360 --> 11:09.360 +successful we are is going to be how much + +11:09.360 --> 11:11.320 +we're able to do to bring more people + +11:11.320 --> 11:13.480 +along with us. And so the knowledge, the + +11:13.480 --> 11:15.780 +kind of energy that you pick up today, I + +11:15.780 --> 11:17.680 +hope sustains you in your own activities, + +11:17.880 --> 11:21.000 +but I hope also helps you in your work as + +11:21.000 --> 11:22.900 +a community leader, as someone who has + +11:22.900 --> 11:25.940 +influence, as someone whose actions and + +11:25.940 --> 11:28.400 +thoughts and words carry a great deal of + +11:28.400 --> 11:30.420 +power. And so with that, I just want to + +11:30.420 --> 11:32.600 +say thanks to all of you for making the + +11:32.600 --> 11:35.820 +trip here early on a Saturday morning when + +11:35.820 --> 11:38.060 +I know that you've all been no doubt + +11:38.060 --> 11:39.720 +working hard on other things and we're + +11:39.720 --> 11:41.480 +getting up early this morning. It may not + +11:41.480 --> 11:43.860 +have been kind of what your original + +11:43.860 --> 11:46.620 +intention had been some time ago. We're + +11:46.620 --> 11:50.020 +just glad to have you here. And one final + +11:50.020 --> 11:52.080 +thing for, I guess I'll pass this along to + +11:52.080 --> 11:54.620 +Raina, is as the day goes on, you may find + +11:54.620 --> 11:56.360 +that you're in need of a break or + +11:56.360 --> 11:58.900 +something a little bit different. And so + +11:58.900 --> 12:01.520 +given that this is research, and I think + +12:01.520 --> 12:03.740 +sometimes people have fairly defined, + +12:03.880 --> 12:06.440 +rigid conceptions of research, I wanted to + +12:06.440 --> 12:08.700 +bring along a piece of poetry that was + +12:08.700 --> 12:10.800 +written by an Osage writer and poet named + +12:10.800 --> 12:13.860 +Dwayne Big Eagle, who has a poem entitled + +12:13.860 --> 12:15.720 +My Grandfather Was a Quantum Physicist + +12:15.720 --> 12:18.420 +that some of you may be familiar with. And + +12:18.420 --> 12:20.160 +so if there's a break and you need + +12:20.160 --> 12:23.140 +something a little kind of interesting and + +12:23.140 --> 12:25.580 +scholarly in a different way, I hope that + +12:25.580 --> 12:26.920 +this might be a benefit to you as well. + +12:28.660 --> 12:30.360 +Anyway, that's it. That's as long-winded + +12:30.360 --> 12:31.680 +as I can get speaking for me and the + +12:31.680 --> 12:35.100 +provost. Anyway, welcome. I'm glad that + +12:35.100 --> 12:38.920 +you're all here. Thanks, Jim. + +12:42.580 --> 12:45.880 +What we wanted to do also is if the + +12:45.880 --> 12:48.380 +professors who brought students, if they + +12:48.380 --> 12:50.460 +could introduce their students, you know, + +12:50.480 --> 12:52.660 +their name and their field and all that + +12:52.660 --> 12:56.400 +kind of thing. So we're going to go ahead + +12:56.400 --> 12:58.020 +and get started. + +13:00.740 --> 13:04.940 +So I'm going to let the professor from + +13:04.940 --> 13:08.360 +James here do the introductions. + +13:11.440 --> 13:12.660 +I just want to move up here a little. + +13:15.800 --> 13:18.260 +Let me just stand up for a minute so I can + +13:18.260 --> 13:19.240 +see everybody. + +13:22.600 --> 13:26.220 +I'm very glad to be here again. This year, + +13:26.280 --> 13:28.620 +I'm kind of reflecting, as we begin this + +13:28.620 --> 13:30.920 +day, on what we did last year. And it + +13:30.920 --> 13:33.540 +occurs to me that we've doubled in several + +13:33.540 --> 13:36.180 +ways. We've doubled in terms of the number + +13:36.180 --> 13:37.660 +of schools that are represented here. I + +13:37.660 --> 13:39.260 +think last year, it was just Stanford and + +13:39.260 --> 13:41.560 +UC Santa Cruz. and this year we've got + +13:41.560 --> 13:43.540 +people from Mills College and UC Berkeley + +13:43.540 --> 13:46.100 +is here too, is that right? So we're up to + +13:46.100 --> 13:47.680 +four schools in this area. That's + +13:47.680 --> 13:50.220 +exciting. We've doubled in the size of the + +13:50.220 --> 13:53.500 +room. That's always encouraging. We + +13:53.500 --> 13:55.440 +wouldn't have had enough room if we'd been + +13:55.440 --> 13:58.460 +back in that old space. And I've noticed, + +13:58.540 --> 14:00.120 +too, that we've doubled in the amount that + +14:00.120 --> 14:01.920 +Gil Ramirez is eating so far. + +14:05.980 --> 14:09.180 +I owed you one there. + +14:12.520 --> 14:15.800 +I had heard a lot of good things over the + +14:15.800 --> 14:17.280 +years about Jim Larimore, and it's been + +14:17.280 --> 14:20.500 +really nice to get a chance to meet him + +14:20.500 --> 14:22.540 +here this morning. And I feel like I've + +14:22.540 --> 14:25.460 +learned some things already. Although I'd + +14:25.460 --> 14:26.920 +heard what a wonderful person he was, I + +14:26.920 --> 14:28.360 +didn't realize how wise and knowledgeable + +14:28.360 --> 14:29.720 +he is because he said everything that I + +14:29.720 --> 14:32.340 +wanted to say. So I know he must be wise + +14:32.340 --> 14:36.420 +and knowledgeable. He said a lot of good + +14:36.420 --> 14:38.920 +things for us to keep in mind, and I don't + +14:38.920 --> 14:42.900 +have too much, nor should I really add to + +14:42.900 --> 14:45.000 +what he said. I do think this is an + +14:45.000 --> 14:47.520 +unusual event. I think that each one of us + +14:47.520 --> 14:51.220 +can think back in our own lives in + +14:51.220 --> 14:53.440 +whatever stage of the educational process + +14:53.440 --> 14:56.160 +that we may be in, and I mean the kind of + +14:56.160 --> 14:58.980 +restricted institutional formal kind of + +14:58.980 --> 15:01.140 +education that most of us in this room are + +15:01.140 --> 15:02.800 +involved in in one way or another. There's + +15:02.800 --> 15:04.980 +other kinds of education, other kinds of + +15:04.980 --> 15:08.280 +knowledge that maybe aren't as widely + +15:08.280 --> 15:10.560 +recognized as such by a lot of people as + +15:10.560 --> 15:12.660 +Jim has suggested. But certainly we can + +15:12.660 --> 15:14.300 +all think about our experiences in the + +15:14.300 --> 15:17.080 +educational institutions and realize that + +15:17.080 --> 15:19.040 +an event like this is a pretty unusual + +15:19.040 --> 15:21.620 +occurrence, or we can just come together + +15:21.620 --> 15:25.640 +in what has appropriately been called a + +15:25.640 --> 15:27.400 +research forum for American Indians, + +15:27.400 --> 15:33.220 +without having to defend the legitimacy of + +15:33.220 --> 15:36.280 +the kinds of concerns and questions and + +15:36.280 --> 15:39.420 +topics that we are concerned with before + +15:39.420 --> 15:42.120 +any kind of wider audience. So we can come + +15:42.120 --> 15:44.740 +together and talk to each other. That + +15:44.740 --> 15:46.360 +doesn't mean we all think alike. It + +15:46.360 --> 15:47.500 +doesn't mean that we all are going to + +15:47.500 --> 15:49.380 +approach any given issue in the same way. + +15:49.380 --> 15:51.940 +But that we can really come into this room + +15:51.940 --> 15:55.900 +and this space with a sense of community, + +15:56.260 --> 15:59.900 +of mutual understanding and respect and + +15:59.900 --> 16:01.200 +concern and have a meaningful + +16:01.200 --> 16:03.960 +conversation. We can say some things, talk + +16:03.960 --> 16:09.480 +about our own specific projects and also + +16:09.480 --> 16:11.040 +have a chance to learn from each other. + +16:11.040 --> 16:13.980 +Now I think one of the real ways in which + +16:13.980 --> 16:16.880 +the educational system fails us is when it + +16:16.880 --> 16:18.800 +creates a competitive environment that + +16:18.800 --> 16:21.780 +says that your worth is dependent on your + +16:21.780 --> 16:24.560 +GPA or the comments that the teacher + +16:24.560 --> 16:27.880 +writes on your paper or how you compare + +16:27.880 --> 16:32.080 +with other people. We know, I think, from + +16:32.080 --> 16:34.080 +a variety of different kinds of + +16:34.080 --> 16:36.560 +backgrounds that that kind of basis for + +16:36.560 --> 16:40.580 +human worth is not real solid. It actually + +16:40.580 --> 16:43.200 +contributes to a lot of the kinds of + +16:43.200 --> 16:45.440 +problems that we see in our society and in + +16:45.440 --> 16:48.340 +our own lives. So I would just kind of + +16:48.340 --> 16:50.620 +call that to our attention this morning, + +16:50.680 --> 16:52.860 +that we can kind of come to this with a + +16:52.860 --> 16:54.280 +different frame of mind, with a different + +16:54.280 --> 16:56.920 +understanding about what a human being is + +16:56.920 --> 16:58.880 +and what the importance of human + +16:58.880 --> 17:00.820 +creativity is. That doesn't mean that we + +17:00.820 --> 17:02.900 +can't challenge each other, that we can't + +17:02.900 --> 17:05.660 +push each other to think about issues in + +17:05.660 --> 17:07.220 +ways that we haven't looked at. I know I + +17:07.220 --> 17:10.240 +want to be challenged. I'm unfortunately + +17:10.240 --> 17:11.820 +not going to be here for the whole day. + +17:11.920 --> 17:15.000 +I'm going to Duluth, Minnesota, where I'm + +17:15.000 --> 17:16.600 +going to participate in the Tribal + +17:16.600 --> 17:18.880 +Colleges Consortium Annual Conference, + +17:19.060 --> 17:20.540 +something I've been looking forward to + +17:20.540 --> 17:23.980 +very well and for quite a long time and + +17:23.980 --> 17:26.360 +I'm going to be giving a kind of a + +17:26.360 --> 17:28.840 +workshop not really a I'm not going to + +17:28.840 --> 17:30.580 +make a presentation so much as a workshop + +17:30.580 --> 17:32.160 +on some things that I've been working on + +17:32.160 --> 17:34.260 +in Santa Cruz and mainly not because I + +17:34.260 --> 17:35.760 +think I have something to teach them but + +17:35.760 --> 17:37.640 +because I want to hear what they have to + +17:37.640 --> 17:39.640 +say to me from the tribal college context + +17:39.640 --> 17:43.080 +you know what we do at UC Santa Cruz so I + +17:43.080 --> 17:45.180 +think all of us can benefit from those + +17:45.180 --> 17:48.800 +kinds of feedback and and critique but + +17:48.800 --> 17:50.700 +that there's a way in which we can do that + +17:50.700 --> 17:53.280 +that builds builds us up as a community + +17:53.280 --> 17:55.420 +that builds us up as individuals rather + +17:55.420 --> 17:58.000 +than as in a sense of that well I have to + +17:58.000 --> 18:00.500 +show that I'm sharper than this person or + +18:00.500 --> 18:01.920 +I've thought about this a little more than + +18:01.920 --> 18:03.680 +they have or that there's any kind of a + +18:03.680 --> 18:06.820 +competitive competitive atmosphere you + +18:06.820 --> 18:10.040 +know we're all here for a reason this this + +18:10.040 --> 18:12.660 +forum has been facilitated and organized + +18:12.660 --> 18:16.680 +very very well by Iranian and and Gil + +18:16.680 --> 18:18.980 +Ramirez, and we owe them a lot of thanks. + +18:19.100 --> 18:20.280 +And I hope at the end of the day that + +18:20.280 --> 18:21.960 +you'll, or throughout the day that you'll + +18:21.960 --> 18:24.240 +have a chance to just express your + +18:24.240 --> 18:26.700 +appreciation for their work on this. But + +18:26.700 --> 18:29.240 +they've brought each of you here, you + +18:29.240 --> 18:32.260 +know, for a reason. And so there's nobody + +18:32.260 --> 18:34.840 +here that has to prove that they have a + +18:34.840 --> 18:36.140 +right to be here or that they have + +18:36.140 --> 18:37.860 +something to say. We're all kind of in + +18:37.860 --> 18:41.020 +this together, if you will. So I'm just + +18:41.020 --> 18:44.200 +gonna stop there there and maybe suggest a + +18:44.200 --> 18:48.040 +little bit about process. One of the ways + +18:48.040 --> 18:50.280 +we do have to sort of accommodate to the + +18:50.280 --> 18:52.740 +kinds of rules and regulations we've come + +18:52.740 --> 18:54.420 +to know on the institution has to do with + +18:54.420 --> 18:57.400 +the problem of time. And that is we've got + +18:57.400 --> 18:58.880 +a lot of people with a lot of good things + +18:58.880 --> 19:02.040 +to say here. And I know if we were maybe + +19:02.040 --> 19:05.460 +out at a community event or at an annual + +19:05.460 --> 19:09.660 +pow hour festival of some type, maybe we + +19:09.660 --> 19:11.900 +could put our watches away. way, but for + +19:11.900 --> 19:13.780 +the purposes of getting everyone a chance + +19:13.780 --> 19:15.540 +to speak, we are going to have to monitor + +19:15.540 --> 19:17.780 +the time just a little bit. So I'm going + +19:17.780 --> 19:20.120 +to, at least for the morning, I'll be + +19:20.120 --> 19:21.820 +gone. In the afternoon, you can handle it + +19:21.820 --> 19:24.460 +as you like, but for the morning, I think + +19:24.460 --> 19:26.080 +I'll just sit up here, and I'll probably + +19:26.080 --> 19:27.780 +prompt people when they get to about the + +19:27.780 --> 19:30.460 +10-minute mark with a slip of paper, and + +19:30.460 --> 19:31.880 +then give them about two more minutes just + +19:31.880 --> 19:34.600 +to wrap it up, and then we'll go from + +19:34.600 --> 19:36.360 +there into a time of question and answer, + +19:36.460 --> 19:38.400 +and really be thinking about, you know, + +19:38.400 --> 19:40.480 +engaging and listening listening actively, + +19:40.840 --> 19:42.820 +not just listening passively, but what's + +19:42.820 --> 19:44.780 +really being said and what's significant + +19:44.780 --> 19:46.220 +about what's going on here, and what might + +19:46.220 --> 19:48.220 +you be able to contribute. We'll also try + +19:48.220 --> 19:50.920 +to keep the questions to a fairly short + +19:50.920 --> 19:53.620 +format. If you want to make a speech, talk + +19:53.620 --> 19:55.040 +to Rani and she'll put you on the program. + +19:55.340 --> 19:58.640 +But if you just want to add another angle + +19:58.640 --> 20:00.620 +of thinking about something or ask a + +20:00.620 --> 20:01.940 +question, that would be the appropriate + +20:01.940 --> 20:03.500 +way, and we'll try to get as many people + +20:03.500 --> 20:05.700 +involved in that dialogue as possible. In + +20:05.700 --> 20:06.940 +fact, I was also going to suggest, if + +20:06.940 --> 20:09.840 +there's a couple people in the back tables + +20:09.840 --> 20:12.360 +who want to move up to these two seats in + +20:12.360 --> 20:13.720 +the front here, there's still a couple of + +20:13.720 --> 20:15.740 +open if you want to be part of this closer + +20:15.740 --> 20:19.580 +circle here. I just wanted to add that I + +20:19.580 --> 20:22.100 +asked Robert Warrior if he could help + +20:22.100 --> 20:25.180 +facilitate the question and answer. So if + +20:25.180 --> 20:28.120 +you want to say something, just kind of + +20:28.120 --> 20:30.540 +look at Robert and maybe just make a sign + +20:30.540 --> 20:32.740 +or something, and then he can kind of help + +20:32.740 --> 20:34.780 +with that. Do you want to move up here? + +20:34.880 --> 20:35.020 +Yeah. + +20:42.340 --> 20:45.460 +Anybody else that wants to just make a + +20:45.460 --> 20:47.380 +comment before we get going here, or a + +20:47.380 --> 20:50.020 +response of any type to the opening + +20:50.020 --> 20:52.040 +comments? The other thing I wanted to do, + +20:52.100 --> 20:58.300 +just before we began, is which I wanted to + +20:58.300 --> 20:59.620 +go around the room and make sure everyone + +20:59.620 --> 21:02.100 +just said their name, their tribe, and + +21:02.100 --> 21:07.100 +their school. So... Can we start back + +21:07.100 --> 21:15.220 +here? Clay, , , back to you. Jim still + +21:15.220 --> 21:19.900 +from Stanford conventions. Lloyd Lee, from + +21:19.900 --> 21:23.160 +Stanford. Kenny Woodward, from Stanford. + +21:24.360 --> 21:26.020 +Gil from Stanford. + +21:56.020 --> 21:59.000 +I'm Warrior Osage Stamper. I'm a box tree, + +21:59.180 --> 22:02.220 +LX, Stanford. I'm Michael Selesky. I'm a + +22:02.220 --> 22:06.320 +hunting animal, Bungie, UC Berkeley. I'm + +22:06.320 --> 22:09.860 +Tony Schindler from Hainesville. Jake + +22:09.860 --> 22:12.440 +DeManico, Bailey, Sackin' Fox, Oklahoma, + +22:12.800 --> 22:15.260 +UC Santa Cruz. I'm Lawrence Tobar, + +22:15.280 --> 22:18.360 +Comanche, Stanford. I'm Terry Greaves, + +22:18.400 --> 22:23.060 +Kiowa, UCSC. And I'm James Treat, Creek, a + +22:23.060 --> 22:26.160 +teacher at UC Santa Cruz. So. So, your + +22:26.160 --> 22:28.500 +son, from Stanford. + +22:31.180 --> 22:33.320 +Rainier Maris, went to big on Chippewa + +22:33.320 --> 22:37.080 +from Stanford. Melinda Miko, from Chalk + +22:37.080 --> 22:40.160 +Top and Mills College. Jessica A. Navajo, + +22:40.240 --> 22:43.260 +Zamboy, Zamboy, Stanford. Allen Brown, + +22:43.480 --> 22:46.380 +Chalk Top, Chippewa, Florida, Disney, + +22:46.460 --> 22:51.020 +Virginia. Teresa LaFargo, . So, I'm going + +22:51.020 --> 22:53.540 +to go with the same name. I'm going to go + +22:53.540 --> 22:54.340 +with the same name. I'm going to go with + +22:54.340 --> 22:54.340 +the same name. + +23:02.780 --> 23:04.960 +I'm Larry Gross from Minnesota Chippewa. + +23:05.660 --> 23:07.380 +Right now I'm at Smith College in + +23:07.380 --> 23:09.560 +Northampton, Massachusetts. I've come a + +23:09.560 --> 23:12.340 +long way for this symposium. That's good. + +23:12.340 --> 23:12.580 +Pretty good. + +23:16.960 --> 23:24.760 +. . I'm Chris . Yeah, if at the end of the + +23:24.760 --> 23:27.360 +day you feel like it wasn't good, see Tina + +23:27.360 --> 23:29.740 +about getting your money back. She'll be + +23:29.740 --> 23:31.520 +glad to help you out. Not on the flight, + +23:31.600 --> 23:33.180 +just the registration. . + +23:36.120 --> 23:38.040 +Okay, well, let's begin then. Oh, I'm + +23:38.040 --> 23:41.200 +sorry. Yes, Gil. I just wanted to say, for + +23:41.200 --> 23:43.040 +those people that are not from here, kind + +23:43.040 --> 23:44.560 +of some important things, the bathrooms + +23:44.560 --> 23:47.420 +are downstairs. There's a men's bathroom + +23:47.420 --> 23:49.980 +right below here. And the women's bathroom + +23:49.980 --> 23:56.120 +is down the hall. Anyone else? Okay, we'll + +23:56.120 --> 23:58.800 +go ahead and get started then. It's my + +23:58.800 --> 24:01.860 +pleasure to introduce our first presenter + +24:01.860 --> 24:04.500 +from UC Santa Cruz, Terry Greaves' Kiowa. + +24:04.500 --> 24:06.480 +She's listed as history of consciousness, + +24:06.800 --> 24:09.300 +which is sort of wishful thinking on + +24:09.300 --> 24:10.960 +somebody's part, not mine. She's actually + +24:10.960 --> 24:13.100 +in American studies. I wish I could + +24:13.100 --> 24:14.680 +convince her to stick around and be a grad + +24:14.680 --> 24:16.720 +student at ISKCON so I could continue to + +24:16.720 --> 24:18.300 +work with her. But she's a graduating + +24:18.300 --> 24:21.460 +senior. And she's teaching a student + +24:21.460 --> 24:23.500 +-directed seminar this quarter, which is + +24:23.500 --> 24:26.260 +her last quarter, titled Indians, + +24:26.500 --> 24:28.620 +Redskins, Bucks, and Squaws, Images of + +24:28.620 --> 24:30.980 +Indians in American Popular Culture, which + +24:30.980 --> 24:32.880 +just started on Wednesday. She's only had + +24:32.880 --> 24:35.400 +one meeting. She's going to talk to us + +24:35.400 --> 24:37.340 +about her research, which she's been + +24:37.340 --> 24:39.820 +working on for a year or so, that went + +24:39.820 --> 24:41.280 +into the course, and then talk about her + +24:41.280 --> 24:43.020 +course design and some of the things, the + +24:43.020 --> 24:45.420 +kinds of methodological and theoretical + +24:45.420 --> 24:48.000 +issues that that raises. And I think it's + +24:48.000 --> 24:51.260 +a topic that we all can relate to at some + +24:51.260 --> 24:53.720 +level and hopefully will provoke some good + +24:53.720 --> 24:57.580 +discussion that may actually feed into her + +24:57.580 --> 25:02.600 +course too. So, Terri? Well, like you + +25:02.600 --> 25:07.200 +said, I'm teaching this class and, well, I + +25:07.200 --> 25:08.620 +guess I'm going to be a little more + +25:08.620 --> 25:14.860 +autobiographical than theoretical. But the + +25:14.860 --> 25:18.260 +reason why I started this, this class was + +25:18.260 --> 25:20.660 +going to be my thesis. And the reason why + +25:20.660 --> 25:22.460 +I started looking into images of Indians + +25:22.460 --> 25:26.860 +is because my mom owned an Indian arts and + +25:26.860 --> 25:28.940 +crafts store on Wind River Reservation in + +25:28.940 --> 25:34.060 +Wyoming. And my entire life, all the money + +25:34.060 --> 25:37.420 +that we've survived off of has come from + +25:37.420 --> 25:41.300 +selling Indian things and has come from + +25:41.300 --> 25:46.560 +consumers want of those Indian things and + +25:46.560 --> 25:50.540 +that identity. and I remember being a + +25:50.540 --> 25:52.880 +little girl and my mother always used to + +25:52.880 --> 25:55.820 +keep our hair in braids and we used to + +25:55.820 --> 25:57.780 +play in front of the store and the white + +25:57.780 --> 26:00.520 +tourists would ask us for photographs and + +26:00.520 --> 26:02.020 +sometimes they'd give us money for it and + +26:02.020 --> 26:04.780 +sometimes they wouldn't. But we thought it + +26:04.780 --> 26:06.600 +was all fun and good and we'd get like + +26:06.600 --> 26:09.540 +five bucks out of the deal. And basically + +26:09.540 --> 26:11.120 +I guess they would come to the reservation + +26:11.120 --> 26:14.480 +on their way to Yellowstone Park to see + +26:14.480 --> 26:17.320 +Indians and they saw us, which is sort of + +26:17.320 --> 26:19.120 +funny because we're Kiowa and Comanche. + +26:19.280 --> 26:21.720 +We're not Shoshone or Arapaho from the + +26:21.720 --> 26:28.500 +reservation, you know. And so part of what + +26:28.500 --> 26:32.580 +my mother does is she sells herself along + +26:32.580 --> 26:36.620 +with the arts and crafts. She dresses sort + +26:36.620 --> 26:38.000 +of like the old ladies on the reservation + +26:38.000 --> 26:39.840 +dress, and she's always dressed like that + +26:39.840 --> 26:41.260 +from as long as I can remember, like + +26:41.260 --> 26:46.200 +before I was born. and that is one of the + +26:46.200 --> 26:49.700 +biggest selling points to the things that + +26:49.700 --> 26:51.460 +she sells in her store. She's now in Santa + +26:51.460 --> 26:54.560 +Fe. And last summer when I was in Santa Fe + +26:54.560 --> 26:56.040 +visiting, I was hanging out in the store + +26:56.040 --> 26:59.960 +with her and she was standing there and my + +26:59.960 --> 27:03.640 +mother's like, you know, 60 now and she + +27:03.640 --> 27:05.560 +was standing there and this white woman + +27:05.560 --> 27:07.760 +came in and saw her and thought she was + +27:07.760 --> 27:09.540 +just the cutest thing in the world and ran + +27:09.540 --> 27:11.160 +right over to her and grabbed a hold of + +27:11.160 --> 27:12.800 +her braids and sort of yanked on them and + +27:12.800 --> 27:15.020 +said, oh, you're so cute, you're so cute. + +27:15.740 --> 27:19.560 +And I remember looking at that and just + +27:19.560 --> 27:21.640 +being obviously appalled and wanting to + +27:21.640 --> 27:25.220 +hit this woman. But my mom, who deals with + +27:25.220 --> 27:28.020 +this on a daily basis, was very composed + +27:28.020 --> 27:29.780 +and said to her, please don't touch my + +27:29.780 --> 27:32.880 +hair. And I saw over this woman's face a + +27:32.880 --> 27:34.480 +sudden realization that she was dealing + +27:34.480 --> 27:36.940 +with a human being and not a doll, not + +27:36.940 --> 27:39.920 +this cute little Indian woman to be + +27:39.920 --> 27:41.940 +fondled or touched or bought or whatever. + +27:42.580 --> 27:47.840 +And I don't know, so that's what's led me + +27:47.840 --> 27:50.460 +to look into these, to look into what + +27:50.460 --> 27:54.240 +we're seen as and how we create ourselves + +27:54.240 --> 27:56.380 +the way that my mother has created herself + +27:56.380 --> 27:58.400 +because in a way she's brought this upon + +27:58.400 --> 28:01.600 +herself. I mean she could dress like a + +28:01.600 --> 28:04.940 +white person and blend in and she doesn't. + +28:04.940 --> 28:07.140 +She sticks herself out and she does it for + +28:07.140 --> 28:11.720 +survival. And it's more than just survival + +28:11.720 --> 28:16.240 +of money. It's cultural survival also. And + +28:16.240 --> 28:22.440 +so let's see. So I've been working on this + +28:22.440 --> 28:25.700 +research for like almost two years now. + +28:26.000 --> 28:28.200 +And I've come up with this really huge + +28:28.200 --> 28:31.660 +bibliography. Part of it is annotated and + +28:31.660 --> 28:33.980 +part of it is unannotated. The last six + +28:33.980 --> 28:36.620 +pages are unannotated. And it's all + +28:36.620 --> 28:39.600 +information, books, periodicals, articles, + +28:39.860 --> 28:42.360 +films that I've come up with that all deal + +28:42.360 --> 28:45.520 +with this issue in one way or another. And + +28:45.520 --> 28:48.080 +I'd be happy to give this out. I'd really + +28:48.080 --> 28:50.080 +like this information to get out there. I + +28:50.080 --> 28:52.260 +hold no claim to it at all. The more + +28:52.260 --> 28:53.920 +people who look at it and think about it, + +28:53.980 --> 28:56.840 +the better. And the one thing that I found + +28:56.840 --> 28:59.000 +and the way that I structured my course + +28:59.000 --> 29:03.260 +was is there's two approaches to Indian + +29:03.260 --> 29:06.200 +images and Indian identity from the + +29:06.200 --> 29:09.520 +outside. And the first one comes from a + +29:09.520 --> 29:11.660 +white perspective which looks at the + +29:11.660 --> 29:14.020 +images as created by white people and + +29:14.020 --> 29:19.400 +imposed. And then there's in the last, I'd + +29:19.400 --> 29:22.540 +say maybe even ten years, not even that + +29:22.540 --> 29:24.400 +long, there's a whole bunch of Indian + +29:24.400 --> 29:26.640 +research and Indian writing and thinking + +29:26.640 --> 29:33.680 +that sees Indian identity as that we have + +29:33.680 --> 29:35.820 +agency in creating our Indian identity, + +29:35.860 --> 29:37.560 +the way that my mother dresses up and + +29:37.560 --> 29:43.120 +sells herself. yourself. And so, what was + +29:43.120 --> 29:43.700 +I going to say? + +29:48.700 --> 29:50.980 +Oh, one of the films that I'm looking at + +29:50.980 --> 29:54.100 +is by a Hopi filmmaker. His name is Victor + +29:54.100 --> 29:56.140 +Masayeswa. I'm probably totally + +29:56.140 --> 29:58.880 +slaughtering that name. But he did this + +29:58.880 --> 30:01.840 +film called Imagining Indians and it's an + +30:01.840 --> 30:03.820 +excellent film. And it brings up issues + +30:03.820 --> 30:07.540 +that for Native Americans, which is not a + +30:07.540 --> 30:11.700 +lot, most of what I found doesn't bring up + +30:11.700 --> 30:14.760 +those issues for Native Americans and what + +30:14.760 --> 30:18.900 +he writes about or what he what he + +30:18.900 --> 30:21.980 +visually shows is Indians dealing with + +30:21.980 --> 30:25.400 +this this thing of having responsibility + +30:25.400 --> 30:29.760 +for what we allow to be consumed what we + +30:29.760 --> 30:33.480 +allow to be be commodified and one of the + +30:33.480 --> 30:37.720 +things that he talks about is is sacred + +30:37.720 --> 30:39.960 +items that are now for sale or sacred + +30:39.960 --> 30:42.360 +items that have been turned into tourists + +30:42.360 --> 30:45.560 +tourist items like pipe bags or something + +30:45.560 --> 30:51.380 +like that and how we help that we help the + +30:51.380 --> 30:54.880 +we help we help in losing the sacred of + +30:54.880 --> 30:57.700 +our communities by by by doing that, by + +30:57.700 --> 31:00.180 +allowing things to be commodified. And + +31:00.180 --> 31:02.740 +it's something that I personally have a + +31:02.740 --> 31:04.360 +lot of interest in because I'm a + +31:04.360 --> 31:07.000 +beadworker. It's like I haven't had a real + +31:07.000 --> 31:09.900 +job for the last, I don't know, five or + +31:09.900 --> 31:11.780 +six years. And I've made most of my money + +31:11.780 --> 31:14.600 +in the last few years on beadwork. And + +31:14.600 --> 31:19.600 +what I create holds huge implications. + +31:20.780 --> 31:23.560 +What I decide to allow to be sold, the + +31:23.560 --> 31:28.680 +designs I decide to use, it can be + +31:28.680 --> 31:31.640 +extremely appropriative and a really + +31:31.640 --> 31:33.580 +sticky situation the more I think about + +31:33.580 --> 31:39.340 +it. So he talks about, Victor Masayeswa + +31:39.340 --> 31:42.580 +talks about this responsibility that we + +31:42.580 --> 31:44.660 +have as Indian people to our own identity + +31:44.660 --> 31:50.620 +and keeping the sacred sacred and using + +31:50.620 --> 31:55.640 +our good judgment, using not letting money + +31:55.640 --> 31:57.820 +talk all the time. And it's a really + +31:57.820 --> 31:59.680 +difficult lesson for me to learn because + +31:59.680 --> 32:02.860 +I'm poor and I really need the money. But + +32:02.860 --> 32:05.700 +I don't know. + +32:09.420 --> 32:14.660 +Let's see. I don't know like what else to + +32:14.660 --> 32:17.000 +say about this. I'm teaching this class + +32:17.000 --> 32:18.640 +and unfortunately most of the students in + +32:18.640 --> 32:20.920 +my class are white and I don't think that + +32:20.920 --> 32:22.720 +we're going to get into those issues that + +32:22.720 --> 32:25.600 +I would like to get into and they're + +32:25.600 --> 32:28.020 +really issues that maybe only Indians can + +32:28.020 --> 32:29.540 +talk about because it's our identity + +32:29.540 --> 32:33.180 +that's at stake. And we're the ones that + +32:33.180 --> 32:36.360 +need to take control over the theorizing + +32:36.360 --> 32:40.380 +and the writing that's done on who we are + +32:40.380 --> 32:46.480 +and what our image is to the public. And I + +32:46.480 --> 32:49.700 +don't know. I think I'm going to stop + +32:49.700 --> 32:51.420 +there because I could go into, like, + +32:51.420 --> 32:53.640 +greater detail about things, like + +32:53.640 --> 32:55.540 +particulars that I found out about images, + +32:55.660 --> 32:58.380 +but, you know, that might be boring. + +33:01.080 --> 33:04.280 +Thanks, Sherry. Are there questions people + +33:04.280 --> 33:05.200 +have right off the bat? + +33:08.240 --> 33:10.420 +You used two terms in your presentation, + +33:10.660 --> 33:12.780 +sacred and culture. How would you define + +33:12.780 --> 33:14.220 +those terms? Oh, geez. + +33:21.240 --> 33:24.860 +Well, I can only answer personally. I + +33:24.860 --> 33:27.140 +don't know how else to answer, and I can + +33:27.140 --> 33:30.900 +only answer from experience. And identity + +33:30.900 --> 33:35.240 +is such a twisted thing in America, and it + +33:35.240 --> 33:37.740 +has to do with race and for Indians it has + +33:37.740 --> 33:40.920 +to do with blood quantum. And for me, my + +33:40.920 --> 33:44.040 +understanding is I've seen Indians that + +33:44.040 --> 33:45.560 +aren't really Indians, you know what I + +33:45.560 --> 33:46.640 +mean? Blood quantum, they're not + +33:46.640 --> 33:48.260 +recognized and it's the culture that ends + +33:48.260 --> 33:50.200 +up ultimately defining how they're + +33:50.200 --> 33:56.640 +received by their communities. And so in a + +33:56.640 --> 33:59.960 +way I think that culture... Do I sound + +33:59.960 --> 34:01.100 +like an anthropologist? I don't know, + +34:01.140 --> 34:03.900 +maybe I do. But I think that culture + +34:03.900 --> 34:08.760 +really defines a great deal of our + +34:08.760 --> 34:11.240 +identity, obviously. And what was the + +34:11.240 --> 34:12.920 +other term? Sacred. + +34:16.100 --> 34:18.360 +Now that's really sticky. That's like + +34:18.360 --> 34:19.060 +terribly sticky. + +34:23.020 --> 34:27.940 +Well, Well, the way that Victor was using + +34:27.940 --> 34:33.440 +it in this film was those things that are + +34:33.440 --> 34:37.220 +central to our identity. And those things + +34:37.220 --> 34:38.880 +that are central to our identity can be + +34:38.880 --> 34:41.440 +seen as culture. They can also be seen as + +34:41.440 --> 34:44.060 +a form of faith or religion. I don't like + +34:44.060 --> 34:45.620 +the word religion. It seems too + +34:45.620 --> 34:47.640 +institutional. I like the word faith + +34:47.640 --> 34:49.820 +better, because it can come in any form. + +34:49.820 --> 34:52.840 +And I think that they're sacred for all + +34:52.840 --> 34:55.600 +people, not just Indians, obviously. And I + +34:55.600 --> 34:58.280 +don't know, I guess that's how I define + +34:58.280 --> 34:59.620 +it. I don't know if that answered your + +34:59.620 --> 34:59.900 +question. + +35:04.020 --> 35:07.420 +I have a question. When you're teaching in + +35:07.420 --> 35:09.820 +this group, and you're the white students + +35:09.820 --> 35:13.760 +there, are you getting the sense from them + +35:13.760 --> 35:16.080 +that they're reinforcing those ideas is + +35:16.080 --> 35:20.240 +about objectifying Indians as a commercial + +35:20.240 --> 35:22.980 +commodity? Are you trying to undo it? Do + +35:22.980 --> 35:25.400 +you see that coming from them? Are they + +35:25.400 --> 35:27.740 +wanting to take that and again go out and + +35:27.740 --> 35:31.080 +learn enough to again follow that path? + +35:33.000 --> 35:34.840 +I've only had one class meeting, so I + +35:34.840 --> 35:38.200 +can't tell you. I know it's kind of an + +35:38.200 --> 35:41.000 +unfair question. But just even thinking + +35:41.000 --> 35:42.560 +about it, because I always teach in + +35:42.560 --> 35:44.040 +classes that I've heard and I would like + +35:44.040 --> 35:50.440 +to use those two. Yeah. Yeah. Well, you + +35:50.440 --> 35:52.380 +know, my hope is that I won't be + +35:52.380 --> 35:54.720 +reinforcing the stereotypes. And I think + +35:54.720 --> 35:58.340 +that the strategy that I'm going to use is + +35:58.340 --> 36:00.820 +to constantly refer back to myself because + +36:00.820 --> 36:04.060 +I'm a living model, right, standing in + +36:04.060 --> 36:05.880 +front of them, breathing in front of them. + +36:06.060 --> 36:09.400 +And I have these stories. Hopefully they + +36:09.400 --> 36:10.840 +won't get bored by them. But I have all + +36:10.840 --> 36:15.260 +these stories of what, how, I mean my + +36:15.260 --> 36:16.800 +mom's in the art business and the art + +36:16.800 --> 36:18.900 +business is all about identity. It's all + +36:18.900 --> 36:21.540 +about image. I mean image is the first + +36:21.540 --> 36:24.140 +thing that sells. The art comes later. And + +36:24.140 --> 36:27.580 +if I can in some way use my life as an + +36:27.580 --> 36:32.820 +example to show them maybe insights that + +36:32.820 --> 36:35.020 +they're not going to get by reading, you + +36:35.020 --> 36:36.500 +know, there's a really excellent book + +36:36.500 --> 36:37.800 +called The White Man's Indian. I'm sure + +36:37.800 --> 36:40.500 +you know it. at Burkhofer and you can't + +36:40.500 --> 36:42.120 +get that from Burkhofer, you know what I + +36:42.120 --> 36:43.180 +mean? It comes from a different + +36:43.180 --> 36:46.540 +perspective. So I just hope by just + +36:46.540 --> 36:50.260 +physically being there is going to push + +36:50.260 --> 36:54.380 +it, push the issue past those stereotypes. + +36:54.680 --> 36:56.000 +I don't know if it's going to work or not. + +36:56.480 --> 36:58.200 +I've heard all kinds of horror stories + +36:58.200 --> 37:00.460 +about how it doesn't work, so we'll see. + +37:00.840 --> 37:02.360 +Do you want to talk about how your course + +37:02.360 --> 37:04.560 +design addresses this issue as well in + +37:04.560 --> 37:05.760 +terms of the first half and the second + +37:05.760 --> 37:08.500 +half? the films you're using? Yeah, the + +37:08.500 --> 37:15.440 +first half of the course is all work + +37:15.440 --> 37:20.040 +written by non-Indians. And the film, I'm + +37:20.040 --> 37:23.700 +only showing one film, is Thunderheart. + +37:24.060 --> 37:27.140 +And they come from the white perspective. + +37:27.340 --> 37:29.100 +And some of them, it's just some of it's + +37:29.100 --> 37:31.000 +really excellent work. And I really + +37:31.000 --> 37:33.120 +appreciate that. Some of it is very + +37:33.120 --> 37:36.020 +controversial. controversial and I really + +37:36.020 --> 37:38.600 +appreciate that too. And hopefully in the + +37:38.600 --> 37:41.220 +class we can see how controversial and how + +37:42.860 --> 37:45.420 +almost like polar opposite it is from the + +37:45.420 --> 37:49.420 +Indian created writing and analysis, which + +37:49.420 --> 37:51.700 +is the second half of the course. And I'm + +37:51.700 --> 37:55.500 +using three films. They're all films by + +37:55.500 --> 37:57.360 +Indian people. Navajo Talking Pictures, + +37:57.580 --> 37:59.140 +Imagining Indians, and Herald of Orange. + +37:59.380 --> 38:03.200 +And I think I mean, in particular, + +38:03.480 --> 38:06.600 +Imagining Indians and Herald of Orange are + +38:06.600 --> 38:08.900 +like two of, like they, when I watched + +38:08.900 --> 38:10.300 +Imagining Indians for the first time, I + +38:10.300 --> 38:11.940 +was like, yes, this is exactly what I want + +38:11.940 --> 38:13.480 +to try to get across in my course, this + +38:13.480 --> 38:15.700 +film. And if they can understand that film + +38:15.700 --> 38:18.000 +by the end of the class, I'll be really + +38:18.000 --> 38:20.060 +happy. I'll be really happy I'll have + +38:20.060 --> 38:20.460 +succeeded. + +38:24.280 --> 38:29.980 +I think you answered my question. In + +38:29.980 --> 38:32.600 +helping to deal with issues of identity, + +38:33.180 --> 38:35.720 +it seems like you have a couple audiences, + +38:36.040 --> 38:42.080 +one non-Indians as well. And so I was + +38:42.080 --> 38:48.140 +wondering in class how you can, part of + +38:48.140 --> 38:52.420 +that would be the law of the team. I was + +38:52.420 --> 38:55.220 +wondering how you can do that, make that + +38:55.220 --> 38:59.340 +powerful. Right. I think you may have + +38:59.340 --> 39:00.760 +already answered my question. + +39:04.260 --> 39:07.660 +The class is a discussion class. It is not + +39:07.660 --> 39:10.820 +a lecture class. class. I cannot imagine + +39:10.820 --> 39:13.700 +myself lecturing. Like that just seems + +39:13.700 --> 39:18.660 +really foreign to me. So, and the other + +39:18.660 --> 39:19.940 +thing that I have going for me is I'm a + +39:19.940 --> 39:22.400 +student. I'm totally equal level. I don't + +39:22.400 --> 39:24.240 +have an office. I don't have, you know, a + +39:24.240 --> 39:26.400 +super like professors box at the steno + +39:26.400 --> 39:27.920 +pool or whatever. Well, actually that's + +39:27.920 --> 39:32.700 +not true. I do. But anyway, it's like + +39:32.700 --> 39:34.920 +almost a level playing field that I'm + +39:34.920 --> 39:37.200 +coming from that that professors don't + +39:37.200 --> 39:41.240 +have. And I hope that, I mean, when we're + +39:41.240 --> 39:43.340 +out in the real world, isn't that when we + +39:43.340 --> 39:45.260 +connect with another person, when we + +39:45.260 --> 39:47.500 +really connect, it's when we feel like + +39:47.500 --> 39:49.820 +we're on a level playing field, when we + +39:49.820 --> 39:53.220 +can really hear what they're saying. So + +39:53.220 --> 39:54.880 +I'm hoping that that's going to come + +39:54.880 --> 39:58.180 +through. I don't know. We'll see. At the + +39:58.180 --> 39:59.540 +end of the quarter, when I'm not + +39:59.540 --> 40:01.100 +graduating, because my class is a total + +40:01.100 --> 40:04.740 +failure, we'll see. When my students hate + +40:04.740 --> 40:08.760 +my guts. I think I'm taking the hard line. + +40:10.640 --> 40:13.100 +I just wanted to ask you if you have any + +40:13.100 --> 40:16.700 +questions from your experience. If you + +40:16.700 --> 40:19.320 +might want to ask, pose any questions here + +40:19.320 --> 40:21.820 +since we have all kind of different people + +40:21.820 --> 40:26.000 +here in the room with the wide points of + +40:26.000 --> 40:26.200 +view. + +40:34.000 --> 40:36.180 +Well, I don't know. I guess my question + +40:36.180 --> 40:40.880 +would be, I + +40:40.880 --> 40:44.200 +keep coming back to this film by Victor + +40:44.200 --> 40:46.060 +Masayesva, which it just, it's an + +40:46.060 --> 40:48.080 +incredible film and I recommend it to + +40:48.080 --> 40:52.200 +anyone, everyone. everyone. And he shows + +40:52.200 --> 40:58.840 +the scene of these paintings on a rock + +40:58.840 --> 41:03.820 +wall and he's talking about like looking + +41:03.820 --> 41:07.700 +back through time how once we used to make + +41:07.700 --> 41:10.600 +these things for survival, for life, and + +41:10.600 --> 41:12.580 +then somewhere along the line money + +41:12.580 --> 41:14.540 +started to be exchanged for these items. + +41:14.540 --> 41:17.240 +And then somewhere along the line after + +41:17.240 --> 41:20.420 +that we stopped claiming responsibility + +41:20.420 --> 41:24.600 +for that whole process of exchange for + +41:24.600 --> 41:27.560 +survival. Maybe not seeing it or seeing it + +41:27.560 --> 41:29.120 +in the same light or not seeing it in the + +41:29.120 --> 41:35.220 +same light. And I just wonder, like I + +41:35.220 --> 41:37.640 +said, it's a really difficult question for + +41:37.640 --> 41:39.980 +me to deal with. Like my own + +41:39.980 --> 41:43.040 +responsibility to what I do, to the art + +41:43.040 --> 41:47.880 +that I do. And, but + +41:47.880 --> 41:50.340 +at the same instance, I do feel this + +41:50.340 --> 41:52.500 +responsibility to the sacred, whatever the + +41:52.500 --> 41:56.620 +heck that is, I don't know. And I don't + +41:56.620 --> 41:58.660 +know, I guess my question is, what do + +41:58.660 --> 42:03.320 +people think about that? I mean, it's, of + +42:03.320 --> 42:05.380 +course, I think, like, people have always, + +42:05.500 --> 42:07.080 +Indian people have always done that. But + +42:07.080 --> 42:09.160 +to a certain extent, like with the, I can + +42:09.160 --> 42:10.780 +see it in the movie industry better than + +42:10.780 --> 42:16.700 +any other industry, is Indian film stars + +42:16.700 --> 42:18.960 +walking into roles that maybe are not the + +42:18.960 --> 42:21.760 +best roles to be walking into. And doing + +42:21.760 --> 42:25.400 +it for money. And then not liking to hear + +42:25.400 --> 42:27.100 +any criticism of them coming from the + +42:27.100 --> 42:28.660 +Indian community for doing that. And + +42:28.660 --> 42:30.920 +saying, oh well, the Indian community is + +42:30.920 --> 42:32.740 +poor and this is a way that I'm getting + +42:32.740 --> 42:37.060 +out of it. but in a way it compromises our + +42:37.060 --> 42:41.940 +identity. Can I just add something to that + +42:41.940 --> 42:43.660 +based on some conversations that we've had + +42:43.660 --> 42:45.300 +in my office that she hasn't quite said it + +42:45.300 --> 42:47.440 +this way, but I think some of the things + +42:47.440 --> 42:49.760 +that I've learned from Terry in terms of + +42:49.760 --> 42:51.320 +the questions that she's asking that she's + +42:51.320 --> 42:53.820 +posing to the people in this room is that + +42:53.820 --> 42:57.020 +it's one thing for us to stand up and + +42:57.020 --> 42:58.740 +lament the commodification of Indian + +42:58.740 --> 43:00.120 +culture or the inappropriate + +43:00.120 --> 43:04.000 +appropriations + +43:04.000 --> 43:05.320 +committed in the name of New Age + +43:05.320 --> 43:07.780 +spirituality and on down the list. But + +43:07.780 --> 43:09.600 +what happens when we acknowledge that + +43:09.600 --> 43:12.180 +Indian people, both today and in the past, + +43:12.240 --> 43:14.720 +have been active participants? Not all + +43:14.720 --> 43:16.280 +Indian people, but there have been some. + +43:16.620 --> 43:18.000 +What do we do when we acknowledge that + +43:18.000 --> 43:19.460 +Indian people have been participating in + +43:19.460 --> 43:21.080 +that? And the question is not a question + +43:21.080 --> 43:22.860 +of politics. It's not a question of laying + +43:22.860 --> 43:24.860 +blame, so much as it's an intellectual + +43:24.860 --> 43:27.160 +question, which is to ask, what's going on + +43:27.160 --> 43:29.520 +culturally? What's the significance of + +43:29.520 --> 43:31.940 +that? It's not that by acknowledging that + +43:31.940 --> 43:33.400 +Indian people have been participating in + +43:33.400 --> 43:35.640 +it that thereby we can't blame non-Indians + +43:35.640 --> 43:38.240 +for what they're doing. It's an + +43:38.240 --> 43:39.920 +intellectual question, as I understand the + +43:39.920 --> 43:41.460 +way you're approaching it. She's really + +43:41.460 --> 43:42.760 +asking the question, what does this mean + +43:42.760 --> 43:45.020 +for us? What does this mean about Indian + +43:45.020 --> 43:47.780 +culture? What does it tell us? What kinds + +43:47.780 --> 43:50.140 +of questions does it ask? I haven't heard + +43:50.140 --> 43:51.380 +you say it quite that way today, but + +43:51.380 --> 43:52.420 +that's what I've picked up in our + +43:52.420 --> 43:54.580 +conversations as you worked on this + +43:54.580 --> 43:58.080 +research. I'll make a quick comment and + +43:58.080 --> 44:01.120 +then give them to other questions. I think + +44:01.120 --> 44:05.000 +it illustrates to Terry and James that it + +44:05.000 --> 44:08.940 +represents a crisis intellectually, but + +44:08.940 --> 44:10.040 +also at the level of responsibility. + +44:10.320 --> 44:11.480 +There's a moment, I think we've been + +44:11.480 --> 44:15.020 +talking about the same film, of Rodney + +44:15.020 --> 44:17.380 +Grant from Dance with Wolves, making a + +44:17.380 --> 44:19.420 +comment in that film, it's the same one, + +44:19.480 --> 44:23.460 +right? and where Victor poses to him the + +44:23.460 --> 44:25.120 +question about commodifying himself, + +44:25.360 --> 44:27.320 +basically. What roles do you take? Which + +44:27.320 --> 44:30.840 +ones do you not take? And one of the + +44:30.840 --> 44:33.640 +questions is, well, are you going to take + +44:33.640 --> 44:35.600 +responsibility for creating Native + +44:35.600 --> 44:38.020 +American film industry, for films by + +44:38.020 --> 44:40.540 +Native American directors like Victor? + +44:40.740 --> 44:44.020 +Would you take $5,000 to do a film with me + +44:44.020 --> 44:45.740 +instead of $1,000,000 to do a film over + +44:45.740 --> 44:50.260 +here? And Rodney Grant ends up sort of + +44:50.260 --> 44:53.520 +avoiding the question. He doesn't want to + +44:53.520 --> 44:55.900 +talk about it. And there's a way in which + +44:55.900 --> 45:00.180 +that film problematizes for me an + +45:00.180 --> 45:03.180 +avoidance of a real crisis. And why I + +45:03.180 --> 45:04.720 +think it's a really interesting topic to + +45:04.720 --> 45:08.600 +bring up is there's also not among Indian + +45:08.600 --> 45:13.620 +writers enough theorizing about this + +45:13.620 --> 45:15.860 +question of responsibility. because it's a + +45:15.860 --> 45:19.300 +really difficult issue. And teaching is + +45:19.300 --> 45:20.740 +actually one of those places where you + +45:20.740 --> 45:23.140 +have to confront it. And you'll find that + +45:23.140 --> 45:25.000 +out, and everyone here who has taught + +45:25.000 --> 45:28.600 +finds that out as well, where generally + +45:28.600 --> 45:30.660 +you are in situations where you are + +45:30.660 --> 45:33.460 +somehow standing in as a representative of + +45:33.460 --> 45:35.740 +lots and lots of people and lots of points + +45:35.740 --> 45:37.280 +of view. No matter how much you don't want + +45:37.280 --> 45:39.200 +to be, that's the situation you're faced + +45:39.200 --> 45:42.000 +with as a teacher. And so you'll have to + +45:42.000 --> 45:43.620 +confront it at that point. There's a + +45:43.620 --> 45:45.620 +wonderful side of that. There's also a + +45:45.620 --> 45:48.520 +really sticky part of it, too. And I find + +45:48.520 --> 45:50.400 +that those people who really want to + +45:50.400 --> 45:52.120 +embrace that and say, yeah, I want to be + +45:52.120 --> 45:54.620 +that person, that's when you run into + +45:54.620 --> 45:56.540 +problems. If you're too eager to go into + +45:56.540 --> 45:57.540 +that situation and say, yeah, I'll + +45:57.540 --> 46:00.040 +represent the Indian voice to all of these + +46:00.040 --> 46:04.080 +people. So it's a huge issue that will + +46:04.080 --> 46:06.820 +probably come up all day. We'll move on to + +46:06.820 --> 46:07.560 +some other questions. + +46:11.580 --> 46:16.360 +You bring out many deep questions, many + +46:16.360 --> 46:18.860 +deep issues. I'm not sure that I + +46:18.860 --> 46:20.700 +understand everything, but there is one + +46:20.700 --> 46:22.980 +issue that you bring out and really + +46:22.980 --> 46:26.120 +touched me. It's the question of art and + +46:26.120 --> 46:30.080 +money. Because I'm a person who paints, + +46:30.440 --> 46:36.340 +and I use painting to know it more myself, + +46:36.340 --> 46:39.200 +and also to try to come in with other + +46:39.200 --> 46:42.640 +person to share what I know or what I + +46:42.640 --> 46:45.860 +don't know with my art. And you just + +46:45.860 --> 46:49.380 +involve the question of sending because we + +46:49.380 --> 46:52.500 +have to survive. I need to leave the art + +46:52.500 --> 46:55.700 +that I'm doing. And presently, I'm not + +46:55.700 --> 46:58.900 +ready to send my art because I don't know + +46:58.900 --> 47:02.500 +exactly why. And I'm not ready to paint to + +47:02.500 --> 47:05.860 +please the public when they watch because + +47:05.860 --> 47:09.500 +the art for me is something more deep. And + +47:09.500 --> 47:11.160 +I understand a little bit you when you + +47:11.160 --> 47:13.380 +involve this question, but I don't have + +47:13.380 --> 47:16.100 +all the answers. But I just share your + +47:16.100 --> 47:20.960 +fear with this, because in art I think + +47:20.960 --> 47:24.900 +there is something very deep, and it's + +47:24.900 --> 47:27.140 +really personal, but at the same time, I + +47:27.140 --> 47:29.700 +think that there is something universal in + +47:29.700 --> 47:33.540 +art. There is a kind of spirit inside art, + +47:33.540 --> 47:38.380 +art, then with + +47:38.380 --> 47:40.080 +money there is something that I don't + +47:40.080 --> 47:43.280 +understand. That's what I wanted to say. + +47:45.080 --> 47:48.740 +Yeah, my presentation last time, which I + +47:48.740 --> 47:51.180 +will try not to get into, basically dealt + +47:51.180 --> 47:55.360 +with this about Indian art. Because Indian + +47:55.360 --> 47:58.900 +art is really defined in many different + +47:58.900 --> 48:01.740 +ways, and it's defined by time. And + +48:01.740 --> 48:05.000 +antique Indian art is worth way more than + +48:05.000 --> 48:08.260 +Indian art presently made. But then within + +48:08.260 --> 48:10.640 +the presently made Indian art, certain + +48:10.640 --> 48:13.440 +types of art are considered crafts that + +48:13.440 --> 48:15.840 +anybody can do. Bead work, feather work, + +48:16.440 --> 48:18.400 +wood work, anything like that. And then + +48:18.400 --> 48:20.960 +there's another type of art that is + +48:20.960 --> 48:23.820 +considered fine art or high art. Pottery, + +48:23.980 --> 48:28.160 +modern paintings, baskets, like that. and + +48:28.160 --> 48:29.580 +there will be, like if you go into Santa + +48:29.580 --> 48:30.960 +Fe, there's like one whole gallery + +48:30.960 --> 48:32.800 +dedicated just to pots, and they're not + +48:32.800 --> 48:35.260 +old pots. They're pots that are currently + +48:35.260 --> 48:38.580 +made. And my question is, why isn't there + +48:38.580 --> 48:42.120 +a store dedicated also to beadwork? There + +48:42.120 --> 48:47.360 +is, but it's mass-produced beadwork. And I + +48:47.360 --> 48:51.240 +just, I question, like, what's going on + +48:51.240 --> 48:55.040 +there just within the market itself that + +48:55.040 --> 48:58.660 +defines what art is. And there's something + +48:58.660 --> 49:01.240 +coming up on the thing about looking at + +49:01.240 --> 49:04.320 +Indian history and something about terms + +49:04.320 --> 49:07.780 +in Indian history. And I think that part + +49:07.780 --> 49:10.900 +of that, yeah, problematizing the term of + +49:10.900 --> 49:13.060 +traditional culture, because a lot of the + +49:13.060 --> 49:15.880 +modern artwork that's being made by + +49:15.880 --> 49:18.720 +Indians is traditionally based, but maybe + +49:18.720 --> 49:20.400 +not like, you know, beaded tennis shoes or + +49:20.400 --> 49:21.420 +something like that with traditional + +49:21.420 --> 49:23.460 +designs on it. It's like how do you define + +49:23.460 --> 49:25.680 +that and how does the market define that? + +49:26.780 --> 49:29.300 +So we live in, you know, a market-driven + +49:29.300 --> 49:32.620 +economy and in an art is just like any + +49:32.620 --> 49:34.320 +other commodity, so we have to deal with + +49:34.320 --> 49:38.100 +that. Maybe with that we'll let people + +49:38.100 --> 49:39.740 +comment during lunch and during the breaks + +49:39.740 --> 49:42.420 +and things to Terry. I thought that was + +49:42.420 --> 49:46.680 +great, so thank you. Thank you. + +49:50.920 --> 49:53.720 +For those of you who are following along + +49:53.720 --> 49:56.340 +the schedule and correlating it with the + +49:56.340 --> 50:00.200 +watch on the end of your arm, the way + +50:00.200 --> 50:01.260 +we're going to deal with the time, we + +50:01.260 --> 50:02.800 +start at about 15 minutes late, and we're + +50:02.800 --> 50:05.120 +just going to be about 15 minutes behind, + +50:05.200 --> 50:07.120 +and we'll have lunch at about 12.15. So + +50:07.120 --> 50:09.760 +you don't have to get nervous or antsy if + +50:09.760 --> 50:11.540 +we're running still about 10 minutes + +50:11.540 --> 50:14.340 +behind. That's our plan for right now. Our + +50:14.340 --> 50:17.580 +next speaker is Jacob Manitoul Bailey, Sac + +50:17.580 --> 50:21.140 +and Fox. And I wish Jacob were an American + +50:21.140 --> 50:23.480 +Studies major. He's taken a lot of courses + +50:23.480 --> 50:25.540 +in American Studies, but unfortunately he + +50:25.540 --> 50:27.560 +was seduced by the Community Studies Board + +50:28.160 --> 50:30.200 +because they would allow him to do a six + +50:30.200 --> 50:33.740 +-month field internship, and he's going to + +50:33.740 --> 50:38.700 +be going to Oklahoma to work with the Sac + +50:38.700 --> 50:41.620 +and Fox at the end of the spring quarter. + +50:41.620 --> 50:43.520 +Is that right? He won't be back until the + +50:43.520 --> 50:47.420 +first of the year. And he's been involved + +50:47.420 --> 50:50.180 +in a number of projects on campus and one + +50:50.180 --> 50:52.820 +of the most important has to do with the + +50:52.820 --> 50:57.780 +repatriation process at UC Santa Cruz. He + +50:57.780 --> 51:00.980 +has been doing an internship and has + +51:00.980 --> 51:02.920 +learned a great deal about art + +51:02.920 --> 51:04.520 +collections. Probably the second most + +51:04.520 --> 51:06.100 +knowledgeable person on the campus right + +51:06.100 --> 51:09.260 +now about the small collection that we + +51:09.260 --> 51:12.980 +have of Indian remains at UC Santa Cruz, + +51:13.240 --> 51:17.900 +and has also taken it in his own + +51:17.900 --> 51:21.200 +characteristically intellectual way, + +51:21.320 --> 51:24.240 +raising some very broad questions about + +51:24.240 --> 51:29.900 +the relationship, both institutional and + +51:29.900 --> 51:32.260 +intellectual, between the discipline of + +51:32.260 --> 51:33.980 +anthropology and the American Indian + +51:33.980 --> 51:36.460 +community, and so has a number of + +51:36.460 --> 51:38.180 +interesting points to raise. and he's + +51:38.180 --> 51:40.600 +going to talk about the whole repatriation + +51:40.600 --> 51:45.360 +situation at UCSC. Jacob? Well, I might + +51:45.360 --> 51:46.840 +get that far. I'm not sure yet. + +51:49.860 --> 51:53.840 +One of my nicknames for Terry is Boss, and + +51:53.840 --> 51:56.640 +I tell you that because I'm going to be + +51:56.640 --> 52:00.120 +following a lot of what she said and what + +52:00.120 --> 52:02.740 +I want to discuss today. day. And + +52:02.740 --> 52:05.820 +repatriation + +52:05.820 --> 52:10.240 +as it has been defined stands for, and + +52:10.240 --> 52:12.980 +this is a legal definition, the return of + +52:12.980 --> 52:16.220 +sacred objects, human remains, + +52:16.560 --> 52:20.240 +unassociated funerary goods, and items of + +52:20.240 --> 52:22.800 +of cultural patrimony to American Indian + +52:22.800 --> 52:23.300 +nations. + +52:27.840 --> 52:31.080 +And repatriation currently is largely + +52:31.720 --> 52:33.780 +discussed within the terms and defined + +52:33.780 --> 52:36.940 +within the terms of NAGPRA, which is the + +52:36.940 --> 52:39.340 +Native American Graves Repatriation and + +52:39.340 --> 52:41.400 +Protection Act, which was passed in 1990. + +52:43.700 --> 52:46.680 +And I say I want to follow Terry because I + +52:46.680 --> 52:50.300 +I want to talk about images, stereotypes, + +52:50.960 --> 52:54.180 +assumptions, responsibility, a lot of the + +52:54.180 --> 52:54.800 +same issues. + +52:58.180 --> 53:00.900 +And I also want to follow her by starting + +53:00.900 --> 53:05.240 +with a story about my mother. Because when + +53:05.240 --> 53:08.360 +my mother was going to school, there was + +53:08.360 --> 53:10.280 +no such thing as Native American studies. + +53:10.580 --> 53:12.180 +There was no such thing as Indian + +53:12.180 --> 53:14.880 +education. If you wanted to have anything + +53:14.880 --> 53:16.740 +to do with Indians in the college setting, + +53:16.840 --> 53:22.560 +he went into anthropology. And a lot of + +53:22.560 --> 53:25.060 +Indians went into anthropology and some of + +53:25.060 --> 53:28.100 +them made it and a lot more didn't make + +53:28.100 --> 53:31.420 +it. And my mom was one of those. She + +53:31.420 --> 53:34.720 +dropped out of college and I grew up with + +53:34.720 --> 53:36.700 +stories about the crazy things that + +53:36.700 --> 53:39.480 +anthropologists thought about Indians and + +53:39.480 --> 53:40.980 +the even sicker things that they they did + +53:40.980 --> 53:47.040 +to our dead. And when I first started, and + +53:47.040 --> 53:48.380 +I'm really glad that there's a lot of + +53:48.380 --> 53:52.400 +anthropology students on this sheet. Maybe + +53:52.400 --> 53:55.540 +we can get a little dialogue going here, + +53:55.680 --> 53:56.780 +because I have a lot of problems. + +54:00.380 --> 54:02.560 +I've always grown up with a lot of + +54:02.560 --> 54:04.440 +assumptions and a lot of stereotypes about + +54:04.440 --> 54:09.220 +anthropologists. and when I first started + +54:09.220 --> 54:15.300 +researching repatriation, I uncovered + +54:15.300 --> 54:17.740 +horror story after horror story about past + +54:17.740 --> 54:21.080 +and current anthropological practice. And + +54:21.080 --> 54:23.340 +it reinforced a lot of the ideas I had + +54:23.340 --> 54:27.580 +about anthropology and what it does and + +54:27.580 --> 54:32.060 +what it has done to Indian people. And at + +54:32.060 --> 54:34.380 +the same time I've had sort of a morbid + +54:34.380 --> 54:37.480 +fascination with the strange creatures and + +54:37.480 --> 54:40.400 +sort of the rituals that they seem to love + +54:40.400 --> 54:44.300 +to carry out. And those were the terms + +54:44.300 --> 54:47.320 +that I thought about anthropology and + +54:47.320 --> 54:52.140 +anthropologists when I started interning + +54:52.140 --> 54:54.980 +at the University of California Santa Cruz + +54:54.980 --> 54:56.200 +Archaeological Collection. + +54:59.900 --> 55:05.140 +The repatriation debate, and I shouldn't + +55:05.140 --> 55:07.080 +use the word debate, I shouldn't even use + +55:07.080 --> 55:08.580 +the word movement, I should use the word + +55:08.580 --> 55:12.520 +war, because that's the way that both a + +55:12.520 --> 55:14.500 +lot of Natives and a lot of non-Natives + +55:14.500 --> 55:17.900 +writing about repatriation have defined + +55:17.900 --> 55:20.900 +it. They've defined it as a war, as a war + +55:20.900 --> 55:24.460 +of science versus religion, a war of + +55:24.460 --> 55:26.620 +objective, cold, analytical + +55:26.620 --> 55:30.420 +anthropologists versus warm, spiritual + +55:30.420 --> 55:35.300 +Indians. Indians. And a lot of the titles + +55:35.300 --> 55:39.380 +of articles written by both Natives and + +55:39.380 --> 55:42.000 +non-Natives, a lot of prominent people are + +55:42.000 --> 55:44.780 +things like science or sacrilege, + +55:45.080 --> 55:48.200 +disputing the dead, preservation or + +55:48.200 --> 55:51.460 +reburial, Native Americans versus American + +55:51.460 --> 55:56.100 +museums, a battle for artifacts. And so + +55:56.100 --> 56:00.940 +this This is the mindset that prevails in + +56:00.940 --> 56:03.140 +a lot of places, and it was the mindset + +56:03.140 --> 56:07.200 +that I had when I started interning at the + +56:07.200 --> 56:09.920 +anthropology department. That was an + +56:09.920 --> 56:13.220 +extremely difficult process for me. You + +56:13.220 --> 56:15.700 +walk into this building. It's called + +56:15.700 --> 56:18.160 +Social Sciences I. I normally refer to it + +56:18.160 --> 56:20.900 +as the evil building. And it's this big + +56:20.900 --> 56:24.800 +concrete monolith. You know, you walk up + +56:24.800 --> 56:27.440 +two stairs of floor, the air starts to get + +56:27.440 --> 56:32.040 +stale. The posters start to appear on the + +56:32.040 --> 56:35.760 +wall. Paleolithic culture and plains + +56:35.760 --> 56:40.840 +material items in the faunal area. You + +56:40.840 --> 56:43.340 +know, people are talking in languages that + +56:43.340 --> 56:45.640 +I can't understand. And I get to the + +56:45.640 --> 56:47.380 +fourth floor where they keep the bodies, + +56:47.580 --> 56:49.480 +and I start getting pretty whacked out. + +56:52.100 --> 56:57.640 +When I first started my internship, I + +56:57.640 --> 56:59.760 +could only think of things in either-or + +56:59.760 --> 57:03.680 +situations. It was either I go in there + +57:03.680 --> 57:07.940 +and I lay my agenda out on the table, or I + +57:07.940 --> 57:10.780 +hide it and I compromise my sense of + +57:10.780 --> 57:15.720 +integrity. And every situation that I + +57:15.720 --> 57:18.420 +found myself in was a set of either-or + +57:18.420 --> 57:20.700 +statements, neither of which I was happy + +57:20.700 --> 57:26.040 +with. And eventually what I was forced to + +57:26.040 --> 57:29.620 +do for my own sanity and to get anywhere + +57:29.620 --> 57:33.040 +in working to help the repatriation + +57:33.040 --> 57:37.520 +process was that I had to go out on a + +57:37.520 --> 57:43.100 +limb. I had to put myself out there and I + +57:43.100 --> 57:46.160 +had to explain to my supervisor, who's an + +57:46.160 --> 57:49.940 +archaeologist, and my my coworker who is + +57:49.940 --> 57:54.380 +an archaeology student that I had a lot of + +57:54.380 --> 57:59.040 +fear and a lot of anger about what was + +57:59.040 --> 58:04.400 +going on. And I was amazed, I was + +58:04.400 --> 58:07.640 +absolutely amazed at the emotional + +58:07.640 --> 58:09.800 +responses that I got from those people. + +58:09.800 --> 58:13.840 +and what they told me about how they felt + +58:13.840 --> 58:19.780 +and how they had become sick, how they + +58:19.780 --> 58:25.440 +felt forces, and how hard it was for them + +58:25.440 --> 58:30.880 +to be involved in such a thing. And we + +58:30.880 --> 58:35.340 +really begin to build bridges to + +58:35.340 --> 58:38.660 +facilitate a way of thinking about + +58:38.660 --> 58:43.660 +repatriation that wasn't us versus them. + +58:44.240 --> 58:48.320 +It wasn't me carrying a banner going in + +58:48.320 --> 58:55.700 +there to get rid of anthropology. And I + +58:55.700 --> 59:00.720 +think that Indians have a lot of + +59:00.720 --> 59:02.440 +stereotypes about anthropologists. + +59:03.360 --> 59:04.960 +Anthropologists have a lot of stereotypes + +59:04.960 --> 59:08.880 +about Indians. And the dominant society + +59:08.880 --> 59:12.960 +has stereotypes about both of them, which + +59:12.960 --> 59:18.020 +feed into a rhetoric which divides us. And + +59:18.020 --> 59:20.500 +this is when it comes to survival and when + +59:20.500 --> 59:22.520 +it comes to responsibility, like Terry was + +59:22.520 --> 59:25.880 +talking about, is that anthropologists, + +59:26.200 --> 59:30.320 +the most of them, When I really sat down + +59:30.320 --> 59:33.840 +and talked with them, the basic thing that + +59:33.840 --> 59:39.720 +comes out is that they love Indians. That + +59:39.720 --> 59:42.020 +they love Indians, that they feel a + +59:42.020 --> 59:44.500 +responsibility towards Indians, that the + +59:44.500 --> 59:46.300 +whole reason they went into their field is + +59:46.300 --> 59:48.720 +because they wanted to help Indians. And + +59:48.720 --> 59:50.840 +they got into the field and then they + +59:50.840 --> 59:56.200 +found out that they had to do these + +59:56.200 --> 59:59.400 +certain things. which wasn't what they + +59:59.400 --> 01:00:03.120 +thought and they ended up interacting with + +01:00:03.120 --> 01:00:08.540 +objects and with remains and not with live + +01:00:08.540 --> 01:00:14.200 +human beings and repatriation has forced a + +01:00:14.200 --> 01:00:17.860 +lot of anthropologists to and a lot of + +01:00:17.860 --> 01:00:19.720 +Indians to get over their fear about each + +01:00:19.720 --> 01:00:22.540 +other and to come together to work on + +01:00:22.540 --> 01:00:27.640 +projects to to try to to resolve this + +01:00:27.640 --> 01:00:28.160 +crisis. + +01:00:31.560 --> 01:00:35.660 +And anthropologists, and I use the term so + +01:00:35.660 --> 01:00:38.520 +generally and so broadly, and I refer to + +01:00:38.520 --> 01:00:42.440 +such a huge group of people, but there's a + +01:00:42.440 --> 01:00:49.440 +narrative that's emerging which is trying + +01:00:49.440 --> 01:00:53.520 +to succeed the one that's of us us versus + +01:00:53.520 --> 01:00:57.400 +them, which says we can work together. And + +01:00:57.400 --> 01:01:00.860 +we can work together to do some important + +01:01:00.860 --> 01:01:04.960 +things. So that's the first sort of issue + +01:01:04.960 --> 01:01:09.080 +I want to pose. The second issue I want to + +01:01:09.080 --> 01:01:11.540 +pose is... + +01:01:21.820 --> 01:01:28.700 +is about how the rhetoric around + +01:01:28.700 --> 01:01:29.700 +repatriation + +01:01:32.440 --> 01:01:38.080 +talks about Indians and about how they + +01:01:38.080 --> 01:01:43.380 +feel about spirits and their ancestors and + +01:01:43.380 --> 01:01:48.440 +desecration and things like this in a way + +01:01:48.440 --> 01:01:53.740 +that really disturbs me and it disturbs me + +01:01:53.740 --> 01:02:01.500 +because it's not tribally specific and + +01:02:01.500 --> 01:02:08.260 +it's not guided by that For instance, + +01:02:08.540 --> 01:02:12.640 +there's a national NAGPRA committee and + +01:02:12.640 --> 01:02:17.200 +they have field meetings which are helped + +01:02:17.200 --> 01:02:20.780 +to formulate policy. And at one of these + +01:02:20.780 --> 01:02:24.840 +field meetings there was a presentation + +01:02:24.840 --> 01:02:28.680 +which represented the Indian viewpoint for + +01:02:28.680 --> 01:02:34.360 +that segment. segment and the people who + +01:02:34.360 --> 01:02:38.740 +got up there were political activists and + +01:02:38.740 --> 01:02:44.940 +they basically said that all these bones + +01:02:44.940 --> 01:02:48.520 +need to go back in the ground and we don't + +01:02:48.520 --> 01:02:50.640 +care what they are. We don't care if + +01:02:50.640 --> 01:02:52.940 +they're Chinese, we don't care if they're + +01:02:52.940 --> 01:02:54.540 +Jewish, we don't care what what tribe they + +01:02:54.540 --> 01:02:58.360 +are. The spirits have been disturbed. The + +01:02:58.360 --> 01:03:02.660 +spirits have been disturbed. And we need + +01:03:02.660 --> 01:03:03.600 +to put them at peace. + +01:03:08.300 --> 01:03:11.280 +And repatriation was an intertribal + +01:03:11.280 --> 01:03:15.480 +movement to deal with some very serious + +01:03:15.480 --> 01:03:19.300 +issues, dangerous + +01:03:19.300 --> 01:03:22.200 +issues, powerful issues, things that I + +01:03:22.200 --> 01:03:26.700 +cannot possibly understand and my solution + +01:03:26.700 --> 01:03:30.180 +is to look to the people in my community + +01:03:30.180 --> 01:03:33.800 +like I'm going for six months to intern + +01:03:33.800 --> 01:03:36.220 +with the second Fox repatriation committee + +01:03:36.220 --> 01:03:40.260 +which is made up of elders and their + +01:03:40.260 --> 01:03:44.300 +response is that they need to move + +01:03:44.300 --> 01:03:47.760 +extremely slow they need to be extremely + +01:03:47.760 --> 01:03:50.780 +careful because they're dealing with very + +01:03:50.780 --> 01:03:55.960 +very powerful and dangerous issues, and + +01:03:55.960 --> 01:03:57.500 +that they need to be guided by the + +01:03:57.500 --> 01:04:00.800 +traditional beliefs and the traditional + +01:04:00.800 --> 01:04:05.100 +ways that have guided them in everything + +01:04:05.100 --> 01:04:11.460 +else they do. And what I see going on a + +01:04:11.460 --> 01:04:16.180 +lot of other places is these remains, + +01:04:16.480 --> 01:04:23.280 +these ancestors, become a war trophy, we + +01:04:23.280 --> 01:04:25.280 +will get these + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bw689yg2740_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bw689yg2740_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fded572 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/bw689yg2740_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html @@ -0,0 +1,1153 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

reference
transcript
f1The person who's going to say the blessing is Benny Shendo, who is the director f1The person who's going to say the blessing is Benny Shendo, who is the director 
>of our American Indian program here at Stanford, and he's Hamas.>of our American Indian program here at Stanford, and he's Hamas.
2I'm going to say the opening prayer in my own language.2I'm going to say the opening prayer in my own language.
3So also, as I say the prayer, you can say your own prayer as well.3So also, as I say the prayer, you can say your own prayer as well.
4I feel that the people who are here today, they cannot go to the other side of t4I feel that the people who are here today, they cannot go to the other side of t
>he world, and they cannot go to the other side of the world, and they cannot go >he world, and they cannot go to the other side of the world, and they cannot go 
>to the other side of the world, and they cannot go to the other side of the worl>to the other side of the world, and they cannot go to the other side of the worl
>d, and they cannot go to the other side of the world, and they cannot go to the >d, and they cannot go to the other side of the world, and they cannot go to the 
>other side of the world, .>other side of the world, .
5OK.5OK.
6I guess we're going to go ahead and get started.6I guess we're going to go ahead and get started.
7So everyone can be seated.7So everyone can be seated.
8AND FIND A SEAT.8AND FIND A SEAT.
9Okay, just to, we want to welcome you to Stanford University, everyone who's com9Okay, just to, we want to welcome you to Stanford University, everyone who's com
>e from other universities.>e from other universities.
10My name is Rania Ramirez.10My name is Rania Ramirez.
11I'm a part of SNAG, which is Stanford Native American Graduate Group, and we hel11I'm a part of SNAG, which is Stanford Native American Graduate Group, and we hel
>ped put put this conference together or this forum together.>ped put put this conference together or this forum together.
12We just want to say that this is supposed to be like a conversation.12We just want to say that this is supposed to be like a conversation.
13The way it's going to work is each person who is going to talk about their work 13The way it's going to work is each person who is going to talk about their work 
>is going to come and sit at this point in the table, mainly because we are video>is going to come and sit at this point in the table, mainly because we are video
>taping the event.>taping the event.
14And we'll present for about 10 minutes.14And we'll present for about 10 minutes.
15and then the rest of the time will be for basically a conversation just to talk 15and then the rest of the time will be for basically a conversation just to talk 
>about you know the issues that were brought up in the presentation maybe some si>about you know the issues that were brought up in the presentation maybe some si
>milar experiences we've had doing doing research just you know very informal you>milar experiences we've had doing doing research just you know very informal you
> know we want people to feel comfortable and just just really enjoy the day.> know we want people to feel comfortable and just just really enjoy the day.
16We're going to start out with Benny Shendo who's going to come up and say a few 16We're going to start out with Benny Shendo who's going to come up and say a few 
>words and then after Benny Shendo will be Jim Larimore who used to be the direct>words and then after Benny Shendo will be Jim Larimore who used to be the direct
>or of our American Indian program office but is now the acting dean of students >or of our American Indian program office but is now the acting dean of students 
>here at the university.>here at the university.
17Again, I'd just like to welcome all of you to the second annual research forum.17Again, I'd just like to welcome all of you to the second annual research forum.
18As Rania mentioned, I'm the Assistant Dean of Students and also Director of our 18As Rania mentioned, I'm the Assistant Dean of Students and also Director of our 
>American Indian program.>American Indian program.
19I'm new to Stanford.19I'm new to Stanford.
20I've been here for going on my seventh month, but it's been really good.20I've been here for going on my seventh month, but it's been really good.
21When Gil mentioned this forum last year, they had their first annual, it really 21When Gil mentioned this forum last year, they had their first annual, it really 
>got me excited because it was one of the things that we really wanted to do is, >got me excited because it was one of the things that we really wanted to do is, 
>you know, what are some of our students doing in terms of scholarship and work t>you know, what are some of our students doing in terms of scholarship and work t
>hat affect Native communities.>hat affect Native communities.
22So we talked about it and we began to brainstorm it.22So we talked about it and we began to brainstorm it.
23We did it last year, it was very informal, and it was a wonderful experience.23We did it last year, it was very informal, and it was a wonderful experience.
24We wanted to keep it that way.24We wanted to keep it that way.
25We wanted it to be a conversation, a discussion, so that we could really get a l25We wanted it to be a conversation, a discussion, so that we could really get a l
>ot out of it.>ot out of it.
26So we planned it, and Renia has been very, both Renia and Gail have been very in26So we planned it, and Renia has been very, both Renia and Gail have been very in
>strumental in making this happen again.>strumental in making this happen again.
27So I'd just like to welcome all of you on behalf of our American Indian and Alas27So I'd just like to welcome all of you on behalf of our American Indian and Alas
>ka Native program at Stanford.>ka Native program at Stanford.
28So I hope you enjoy your day.28So I hope you enjoy your day.
29Jim?29Jim?
30I guess this is kind of an unusual thing for me because, as Renia mentioned, I'v30I guess this is kind of an unusual thing for me because, as Renia mentioned, I'v
>e been kind of changing my professional identities around Stanford for the last >e been kind of changing my professional identities around Stanford for the last 
>year or so and have made a series of shifts.>year or so and have made a series of shifts.
31And the shifts that have come have been after serving for nine years as the dire31And the shifts that have come have been after serving for nine years as the dire
>ctor for the American Indian program, making a break and starting full-time as a>ctor for the American Indian program, making a break and starting full-time as a
> doctoral student over in the School of Education in higher ed and administratio> doctoral student over in the School of Education in higher ed and administratio
>n and policy analysis last fall.>n and policy analysis last fall.
32And after six months of being a student, taking a leave and stepping in as the a32And after six months of being a student, taking a leave and stepping in as the a
>cting dean of students here, and after my first week on the job, which was just >cting dean of students here, and after my first week on the job, which was just 
>this past week, I can't tell you how much I'm looking forward to going back to b>this past week, I can't tell you how much I'm looking forward to going back to b
>eing a student again in September and just getting much more in touch with class>eing a student again in September and just getting much more in touch with class
>room life, with research and with a chance to really focus on thinking hard abou>room life, with research and with a chance to really focus on thinking hard abou
>t things, on kind of how things are, how they got that way, and maybe how they c>t things, on kind of how things are, how they got that way, and maybe how they c
>ould be.>ould be.
33And so this is, for me, a little bit of a homecoming in being back involved with33And so this is, for me, a little bit of a homecoming in being back involved with
> the community after trying to maintain a little bit of distance to help my own > the community after trying to maintain a little bit of distance to help my own 
>transition this year.>transition this year.
34And so it's a real kind of honor and a pleasure to be among all the folks that a34And so it's a real kind of honor and a pleasure to be among all the folks that a
>re here this morning.>re here this morning.
35I spoke yesterday afternoon with Condoleezza Rice, our university provost, and i35I spoke yesterday afternoon with Condoleezza Rice, our university provost, and i
>t was then that she informed me that she had a scheduling conflict that had come>t was then that she informed me that she had a scheduling conflict that had come
> up with a gathering up in San Francisco.> up with a gathering up in San Francisco.
36And so Condi asked me if I would extend a welcome on behalf of the university to36And so Condi asked me if I would extend a welcome on behalf of the university to
> folks that have traveled from other schools, other places here in California an> folks that have traveled from other schools, other places here in California an
>d elsewhere to be with us today.>d elsewhere to be with us today.
37and and so I hope that it looks from looking out behind the camera and out the w37and and so I hope that it looks from looking out behind the camera and out the w
>indow that that this may be the kind of Stanford weather and Northern California>indow that that this may be the kind of Stanford weather and Northern California
> weather that we're accustomed to here and so I hope that the surroundings will > weather that we're accustomed to here and so I hope that the surroundings will 
>be pleasant and in supportive of the kind of thinking and talking that you all w>be pleasant and in supportive of the kind of thinking and talking that you all w
>ant to try and do today as as Benny was it was doing his opening prayer for this>ant to try and do today as as Benny was it was doing his opening prayer for this
> this gathering this morning it reminded me of how how important it is that as p> this gathering this morning it reminded me of how how important it is that as p
>eople gather that we pray, and as we pray that we pray for wisdom, among other t>eople gather that we pray, and as we pray that we pray for wisdom, among other t
>hings.>hings.
38And that the wisdom that we seek is in order to make life better for those aroun38And that the wisdom that we seek is in order to make life better for those aroun
>d us, to make life better for those among us, and also to try and make life bett>d us, to make life better for those among us, and also to try and make life bett
>er for those yet to come.>er for those yet to come.
39And I think that, for me, represents the spirit of what American Indian and Alas39And I think that, for me, represents the spirit of what American Indian and Alas
>ka Native research is about.>ka Native research is about.
40We have been researchers and scholars for thousands of years and it may not have40We have been researchers and scholars for thousands of years and it may not have
> been things that have been written down and recorded in the forms that universi> been things that have been written down and recorded in the forms that universi
>ties are used to.>ties are used to.
41But I think you can find no better example of scholarship and humane scholarship41But I think you can find no better example of scholarship and humane scholarship
> than the kind of knowledge that exists within our communities, the kind of know> than the kind of knowledge that exists within our communities, the kind of know
>ledge that people are about working with and creating and passing on.>ledge that people are about working with and creating and passing on.
42And so I want to say, again, on behalf of myself and for the university, that th42And so I want to say, again, on behalf of myself and for the university, that th
>is is an important gathering and that this marks, I think, a real turning point >is is an important gathering and that this marks, I think, a real turning point 
>for the way that we can support each other and the way that we can support stude>for the way that we can support each other and the way that we can support stude
>nts and support faculty, tenured and otherwise, in the pursuits and the kinds of>nts and support faculty, tenured and otherwise, in the pursuits and the kinds of
> pressures that they face in their lives.> pressures that they face in their lives.
43As people go through the day, what I would like to suggest or offer as a way of 43As people go through the day, what I would like to suggest or offer as a way of 
>thinking about this is that people realize that this is a time, some of you may >thinking about this is that people realize that this is a time, some of you may 
>have met each other, you may have come with friends from other campuses, but thi>have met each other, you may have come with friends from other campuses, but thi
>s is a real opportunity to get to know people that you may come in contact with >s is a real opportunity to get to know people that you may come in contact with 
>on an infrequent basis, people that you may not see until maybe during Powell se>on an infrequent basis, people that you may not see until maybe during Powell se
>ason, and you'll see folks around different places, faces that you might recogni>ason, and you'll see folks around different places, faces that you might recogni
>ze in different parts of the country at different meetings or community gatherin>ze in different parts of the country at different meetings or community gatherin
>gs.>gs.
44And so I hope that during the day you'll take the opportunity to get to know som44And so I hope that during the day you'll take the opportunity to get to know som
>e folks that may not be from where you're from and get a chance to help establis>e folks that may not be from where you're from and get a chance to help establis
>h a tighter community base for all of us that way.>h a tighter community base for all of us that way.
45I would also like to suggest that maybe there are a few different ways to think 45I would also like to suggest that maybe there are a few different ways to think 
>about how this gathering is situated and what this represents because I think it>about how this gathering is situated and what this represents because I think it
>'s important to be able to look at this assembly of people and to look back at h>'s important to be able to look at this assembly of people and to look back at h
>ow this connects with our past.>ow this connects with our past.
46And to think about how this connects you with previous generations within your o46And to think about how this connects you with previous generations within your o
>wn tribe, within your own communities, within the campus communities that you're>wn tribe, within your own communities, within the campus communities that you're
> a part of, within the whole idea of knowledge and what that represents for our > a part of, within the whole idea of knowledge and what that represents for our 
>communities.>communities.
47And so as you're here and as you're hopefully going through some of the exciteme47And so as you're here and as you're hopefully going through some of the exciteme
>nt about thinking about things that people are going to present, you'll be able >nt about thinking about things that people are going to present, you'll be able 
>to feel some connection with those that have been here before you.>to feel some connection with those that have been here before you.
48I also hope that you'll feel a sense of that connection with the people that are48I also hope that you'll feel a sense of that connection with the people that are
> here with you today, and that as you listen to people and engage in some discus> here with you today, and that as you listen to people and engage in some discus
>sions with each other, that you'll be able to do that in a friendly, cooperative>sions with each other, that you'll be able to do that in a friendly, cooperative
>, but even challenging way with each other, and to really help push each other t>, but even challenging way with each other, and to really help push each other t
>o the best and the hardest thinking that you can do about things.>o the best and the hardest thinking that you can do about things.
49And finally, which kind of brings me back to my old life, being, I think, more i49And finally, which kind of brings me back to my old life, being, I think, more i
>nvolved on a regular basis with the community here, I really hope that you'll ca>nvolved on a regular basis with the community here, I really hope that you'll ca
>rry some things away from this weekend that are going to help you within your ow>rry some things away from this weekend that are going to help you within your ow
>n communities and especially that are going to help you reach out to one more pe>n communities and especially that are going to help you reach out to one more pe
>rson, one more student, whether they're a very young kid, whether they're in ele>rson, one more student, whether they're a very young kid, whether they're in ele
>mentary school or junior high or high school, or maybe a college student on your>mentary school or junior high or high school, or maybe a college student on your
> own campus.> own campus.
50Because the ultimate measure of how successful we are is going to be how much we50Because the ultimate measure of how successful we are is going to be how much we
>'re able to do to bring more people along with us.>'re able to do to bring more people along with us.
51And so the knowledge, the kind of energy that you pick up today, I hope sustains51And so the knowledge, the kind of energy that you pick up today, I hope sustains
> you in your own activities, but I hope also helps you in your work as a communi> you in your own activities, but I hope also helps you in your work as a communi
>ty leader, as someone who has influence, as someone whose actions and thoughts a>ty leader, as someone who has influence, as someone whose actions and thoughts a
>nd words carry a great deal of power.>nd words carry a great deal of power.
52And so with that, I just want to say thanks to all of you for making the trip he52And so with that, I just want to say thanks to all of you for making the trip he
>re early on a Saturday morning when I know that you've all been no doubt working>re early on a Saturday morning when I know that you've all been no doubt working
> hard on other things and we're getting up early this morning.> hard on other things and we're getting up early this morning.
53It may not have been kind of what your original intention had been some time ago53It may not have been kind of what your original intention had been some time ago
>.>.
54We're just glad to have you here.54We're just glad to have you here.
55And one final thing for, I guess I'll pass this along to Raina, is as the day go55And one final thing for, I guess I'll pass this along to Raina, is as the day go
>es on, you may find that you're in need of a break or something a little bit dif>es on, you may find that you're in need of a break or something a little bit dif
>ferent.>ferent.
56And so given that this is research, and I think sometimes people have fairly def56And so given that this is research, and I think sometimes people have fairly def
>ined, rigid conceptions of research, I wanted to bring along a piece of poetry t>ined, rigid conceptions of research, I wanted to bring along a piece of poetry t
>hat was written by an Osage writer and poet named Dwayne Big Eagle, who has a po>hat was written by an Osage writer and poet named Dwayne Big Eagle, who has a po
>em entitled My Grandfather Was a Quantum Physicist that some of you may be famil>em entitled My Grandfather Was a Quantum Physicist that some of you may be famil
>iar with.>iar with.
57And so if there's a break and you need something a little kind of interesting an57And so if there's a break and you need something a little kind of interesting an
>d scholarly in a different way, I hope that this might be a benefit to you as we>d scholarly in a different way, I hope that this might be a benefit to you as we
>ll.>ll.
58Anyway, that's it.58Anyway, that's it.
59That's as long-winded as I can get speaking for me and the provost.59That's as long-winded as I can get speaking for me and the provost.
60Anyway, welcome.60Anyway, welcome.
61I'm glad that you're all here.61I'm glad that you're all here.
62Thanks, Jim.62Thanks, Jim.
63What we wanted to do also is if the professors who brought students, if they cou63What we wanted to do also is if the professors who brought students, if they cou
>ld introduce their students, you know, their name and their field and all that k>ld introduce their students, you know, their name and their field and all that k
>ind of thing.>ind of thing.
64So we're going to go ahead and get started.64So we're going to go ahead and get started.
65So I'm going to let the professor from James here do the introductions.65So I'm going to let the professor from James here do the introductions.
66I just want to move up here a little.66I just want to move up here a little.
67Let me just stand up for a minute so I can see everybody.67Let me just stand up for a minute so I can see everybody.
68I'm very glad to be here again.68I'm very glad to be here again.
69This year, I'm kind of reflecting, as we begin this day, on what we did last yea69This year, I'm kind of reflecting, as we begin this day, on what we did last yea
>r.>r.
70And it occurs to me that we've doubled in several ways.70And it occurs to me that we've doubled in several ways.
71We've doubled in terms of the number of schools that are represented here.71We've doubled in terms of the number of schools that are represented here.
72I think last year, it was just Stanford and UC Santa Cruz.72I think last year, it was just Stanford and UC Santa Cruz.
73and this year we've got people from Mills College and UC Berkeley is here too, i73and this year we've got people from Mills College and UC Berkeley is here too, i
>s that right?>s that right?
74So we're up to four schools in this area.74So we're up to four schools in this area.
75That's exciting.75That's exciting.
76We've doubled in the size of the room.76We've doubled in the size of the room.
77That's always encouraging.77That's always encouraging.
78We wouldn't have had enough room if we'd been back in that old space.78We wouldn't have had enough room if we'd been back in that old space.
79And I've noticed, too, that we've doubled in the amount that Gil Ramirez is eati79And I've noticed, too, that we've doubled in the amount that Gil Ramirez is eati
>ng so far.>ng so far.
80I owed you one there.80I owed you one there.
81I had heard a lot of good things over the years about Jim Larimore, and it's bee81I had heard a lot of good things over the years about Jim Larimore, and it's bee
>n really nice to get a chance to meet him here this morning.>n really nice to get a chance to meet him here this morning.
82And I feel like I've learned some things already.82And I feel like I've learned some things already.
83Although I'd heard what a wonderful person he was, I didn't realize how wise and83Although I'd heard what a wonderful person he was, I didn't realize how wise and
> knowledgeable he is because he said everything that I wanted to say.> knowledgeable he is because he said everything that I wanted to say.
84So I know he must be wise and knowledgeable.84So I know he must be wise and knowledgeable.
85He said a lot of good things for us to keep in mind, and I don't have too much, 85He said a lot of good things for us to keep in mind, and I don't have too much, 
>nor should I really add to what he said.>nor should I really add to what he said.
86I do think this is an unusual event.86I do think this is an unusual event.
87I think that each one of us can think back in our own lives in whatever stage of87I think that each one of us can think back in our own lives in whatever stage of
> the educational process that we may be in, and I mean the kind of restricted in> the educational process that we may be in, and I mean the kind of restricted in
>stitutional formal kind of education that most of us in this room are involved i>stitutional formal kind of education that most of us in this room are involved i
>n in one way or another.>n in one way or another.
88There's other kinds of education, other kinds of knowledge that maybe aren't as 88There's other kinds of education, other kinds of knowledge that maybe aren't as 
>widely recognized as such by a lot of people as Jim has suggested.>widely recognized as such by a lot of people as Jim has suggested.
89But certainly we can all think about our experiences in the educational institut89But certainly we can all think about our experiences in the educational institut
>ions and realize that an event like this is a pretty unusual occurrence, or we c>ions and realize that an event like this is a pretty unusual occurrence, or we c
>an just come together in what has appropriately been called a research forum for>an just come together in what has appropriately been called a research forum for
> American Indians, without having to defend the legitimacy of the kinds of conce> American Indians, without having to defend the legitimacy of the kinds of conce
>rns and questions and topics that we are concerned with before any kind of wider>rns and questions and topics that we are concerned with before any kind of wider
> audience.> audience.
90So we can come together and talk to each other.90So we can come together and talk to each other.
91That doesn't mean we all think alike.91That doesn't mean we all think alike.
92It doesn't mean that we all are going to approach any given issue in the same wa92It doesn't mean that we all are going to approach any given issue in the same wa
>y.>y.
93But that we can really come into this room and this space with a sense of commun93But that we can really come into this room and this space with a sense of commun
>ity, of mutual understanding and respect and concern and have a meaningful conve>ity, of mutual understanding and respect and concern and have a meaningful conve
>rsation.>rsation.
94We can say some things, talk about our own specific projects and also have a cha94We can say some things, talk about our own specific projects and also have a cha
>nce to learn from each other.>nce to learn from each other.
95Now I think one of the real ways in which the educational system fails us is whe95Now I think one of the real ways in which the educational system fails us is whe
>n it creates a competitive environment that says that your worth is dependent on>n it creates a competitive environment that says that your worth is dependent on
> your GPA or the comments that the teacher writes on your paper or how you compa> your GPA or the comments that the teacher writes on your paper or how you compa
>re with other people.>re with other people.
96We know, I think, from a variety of different kinds of backgrounds that that kin96We know, I think, from a variety of different kinds of backgrounds that that kin
>d of basis for human worth is not real solid.>d of basis for human worth is not real solid.
97It actually contributes to a lot of the kinds of problems that we see in our soc97It actually contributes to a lot of the kinds of problems that we see in our soc
>iety and in our own lives.>iety and in our own lives.
98So I would just kind of call that to our attention this morning, that we can kin98So I would just kind of call that to our attention this morning, that we can kin
>d of come to this with a different frame of mind, with a different understanding>d of come to this with a different frame of mind, with a different understanding
> about what a human being is and what the importance of human creativity is.> about what a human being is and what the importance of human creativity is.
99That doesn't mean that we can't challenge each other, that we can't push each ot99That doesn't mean that we can't challenge each other, that we can't push each ot
>her to think about issues in ways that we haven't looked at.>her to think about issues in ways that we haven't looked at.
100I know I want to be challenged.100I know I want to be challenged.
101I'm unfortunately not going to be here for the whole day.101I'm unfortunately not going to be here for the whole day.
102I'm going to Duluth, Minnesota, where I'm going to participate in the Tribal Col102I'm going to Duluth, Minnesota, where I'm going to participate in the Tribal Col
>leges Consortium Annual Conference, something I've been looking forward to very >leges Consortium Annual Conference, something I've been looking forward to very 
>well and for quite a long time and I'm going to be giving a kind of a workshop n>well and for quite a long time and I'm going to be giving a kind of a workshop n
>ot really a I'm not going to make a presentation so much as a workshop on some t>ot really a I'm not going to make a presentation so much as a workshop on some t
>hings that I've been working on in Santa Cruz and mainly not because I think I h>hings that I've been working on in Santa Cruz and mainly not because I think I h
>ave something to teach them but because I want to hear what they have to say to >ave something to teach them but because I want to hear what they have to say to 
>me from the tribal college context you know what we do at UC Santa Cruz so I thi>me from the tribal college context you know what we do at UC Santa Cruz so I thi
>nk all of us can benefit from those kinds of feedback and and critique but that >nk all of us can benefit from those kinds of feedback and and critique but that 
>there's a way in which we can do that that builds builds us up as a community th>there's a way in which we can do that that builds builds us up as a community th
>at builds us up as individuals rather than as in a sense of that well I have to >at builds us up as individuals rather than as in a sense of that well I have to 
>show that I'm sharper than this person or I've thought about this a little more >show that I'm sharper than this person or I've thought about this a little more 
>than they have or that there's any kind of a competitive competitive atmosphere >than they have or that there's any kind of a competitive competitive atmosphere 
>you know we're all here for a reason this this forum has been facilitated and or>you know we're all here for a reason this this forum has been facilitated and or
>ganized very very well by Iranian and and Gil Ramirez, and we owe them a lot of >ganized very very well by Iranian and and Gil Ramirez, and we owe them a lot of 
>thanks.>thanks.
103And I hope at the end of the day that you'll, or throughout the day that you'll 103And I hope at the end of the day that you'll, or throughout the day that you'll 
>have a chance to just express your appreciation for their work on this.>have a chance to just express your appreciation for their work on this.
104But they've brought each of you here, you know, for a reason.104But they've brought each of you here, you know, for a reason.
105And so there's nobody here that has to prove that they have a right to be here o105And so there's nobody here that has to prove that they have a right to be here o
>r that they have something to say.>r that they have something to say.
106We're all kind of in this together, if you will.106We're all kind of in this together, if you will.
107So I'm just gonna stop there there and maybe suggest a little bit about process.107So I'm just gonna stop there there and maybe suggest a little bit about process.
108One of the ways we do have to sort of accommodate to the kinds of rules and regu108One of the ways we do have to sort of accommodate to the kinds of rules and regu
>lations we've come to know on the institution has to do with the problem of time>lations we've come to know on the institution has to do with the problem of time
>.>.
109And that is we've got a lot of people with a lot of good things to say here.109And that is we've got a lot of people with a lot of good things to say here.
110And I know if we were maybe out at a community event or at an annual pow hour fe110And I know if we were maybe out at a community event or at an annual pow hour fe
>stival of some type, maybe we could put our watches away.>stival of some type, maybe we could put our watches away.
111way, but for the purposes of getting everyone a chance to speak, we are going to111way, but for the purposes of getting everyone a chance to speak, we are going to
> have to monitor the time just a little bit.> have to monitor the time just a little bit.
112So I'm going to, at least for the morning, I'll be gone.112So I'm going to, at least for the morning, I'll be gone.
113In the afternoon, you can handle it as you like, but for the morning, I think I'113In the afternoon, you can handle it as you like, but for the morning, I think I'
>ll just sit up here, and I'll probably prompt people when they get to about the >ll just sit up here, and I'll probably prompt people when they get to about the 
>10-minute mark with a slip of paper, and then give them about two more minutes j>10-minute mark with a slip of paper, and then give them about two more minutes j
>ust to wrap it up, and then we'll go from there into a time of question and answ>ust to wrap it up, and then we'll go from there into a time of question and answ
>er, and really be thinking about, you know, engaging and listening listening act>er, and really be thinking about, you know, engaging and listening listening act
>ively, not just listening passively, but what's really being said and what's sig>ively, not just listening passively, but what's really being said and what's sig
>nificant about what's going on here, and what might you be able to contribute.>nificant about what's going on here, and what might you be able to contribute.
114We'll also try to keep the questions to a fairly short format.114We'll also try to keep the questions to a fairly short format.
115If you want to make a speech, talk to Rani and she'll put you on the program.115If you want to make a speech, talk to Rani and she'll put you on the program.
116But if you just want to add another angle of thinking about something or ask a q116But if you just want to add another angle of thinking about something or ask a q
>uestion, that would be the appropriate way, and we'll try to get as many people >uestion, that would be the appropriate way, and we'll try to get as many people 
>involved in that dialogue as possible.>involved in that dialogue as possible.
117In fact, I was also going to suggest, if there's a couple people in the back tab117In fact, I was also going to suggest, if there's a couple people in the back tab
>les who want to move up to these two seats in the front here, there's still a co>les who want to move up to these two seats in the front here, there's still a co
>uple of open if you want to be part of this closer circle here.>uple of open if you want to be part of this closer circle here.
118I just wanted to add that I asked Robert Warrior if he could help facilitate the118I just wanted to add that I asked Robert Warrior if he could help facilitate the
> question and answer.> question and answer.
119So if you want to say something, just kind of look at Robert and maybe just make119So if you want to say something, just kind of look at Robert and maybe just make
> a sign or something, and then he can kind of help with that.> a sign or something, and then he can kind of help with that.
120Do you want to move up here?120Do you want to move up here?
121Yeah.121Yeah.
122Anybody else that wants to just make a comment before we get going here, or a re122Anybody else that wants to just make a comment before we get going here, or a re
>sponse of any type to the opening comments?>sponse of any type to the opening comments?
123The other thing I wanted to do, just before we began, is which I wanted to go ar123The other thing I wanted to do, just before we began, is which I wanted to go ar
>ound the room and make sure everyone just said their name, their tribe, and thei>ound the room and make sure everyone just said their name, their tribe, and thei
>r school.>r school.
n124Cool, so I don't know.n124So...
125Maybe start back here.125Can we start back here?
126Platt, Uendi, Ojibwe, thank you.126Clay, , , back to you.
127Jim Larimore, still from Stanford, conventions.127Jim still from Stanford conventions.
128Lloyd Lee, Dine from Stanford.128Lloyd Lee, from Stanford.
129Penny Woodward, Pasquilero from Stanford.129Kenny Woodward, from Stanford.
130Jill Leveris, from Stanford.130Gil from Stanford.
131I love Warrior Osage.131I'm Warrior Osage Stamper.
132James Stacking 21 Foxальное and I'm James James Treat Creek, teaching UC Santa C132I'm a box tree, LX, Stanford.
>ruz. 
133So. Tina Pearson, Nana Cook and from Stanford.133I'm Michael Selesky.
134I'm a hunting animal, Bungie, UC Berkeley.
135I'm Tony Schindler from Hainesville.
136Jake DeManico, Bailey, Sackin' Fox, Oklahoma, UC Santa Cruz.
137I'm Lawrence Tobar, Comanche, Stanford.
138I'm Terry Greaves, Kiowa, UCSC.
139And I'm James Treat, Creek, a teacher at UC Santa Cruz.
140So. So, your son, from Stanford.
134Rainier Maris, Winnebago and Chippewa from Stanford.141Rainier Maris, went to big on Chippewa from Stanford.
135Melinda Miko, Sunwell Creek and Choctaw from Mills College.142Melinda Miko, from Chalk Top and Mills College.
136Jessica A.143Jessica A.
n137Navajo, San Luis, University of San Francisco.n144Navajo, Zamboy, Zamboy, Stanford.
138Allen Brown, Choctaw, Chippewa, Colorado, and .145Allen Brown, Chalk Top, Chippewa, Florida, Disney, Virginia.
146Teresa LaFargo, .
147So, I'm going to go with the same name.
148I'm going to go with the same name.
149I'm going to go with the same name.
139I'm Larry Gross from Minnesota Chippewa.150I'm Larry Gross from Minnesota Chippewa.
140Right now I'm at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts.151Right now I'm at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts.
n141Come a long way for this emplosium.n152I've come a long way for this symposium.
142That's pretty good.153That's good.
154Pretty good.
155.
156.
157I'm Chris .
143Yeah, if at the end of the day you feel like it wasn't good, see Tina about gett158Yeah, if at the end of the day you feel like it wasn't good, see Tina about gett
>ing your money back.>ing your money back.
144She'll be glad to help you out.159She'll be glad to help you out.
145Not on the flight, just the registration.160Not on the flight, just the registration.
nn161.
146Okay, well let's begin then.162Okay, well, let's begin then.
147Oh, I'm sorry.163Oh, I'm sorry.
n148Yes, Gil?n164Yes, Gil.
149I just wanted to say, for those people that are not from here, kind of some impo165I just wanted to say, for those people that are not from here, kind of some impo
>rtant things.>rtant things, the bathrooms are downstairs.
150The bathrooms are downstairs.
151There's a men's bathroom right below here.166There's a men's bathroom right below here.
152And the women's bathroom is down the hall.167And the women's bathroom is down the hall.
153Anyone else?168Anyone else?
154Okay, we'll go ahead and get started then.169Okay, we'll go ahead and get started then.
n155It's my pleasure to introduce our first presenter from UC Santa Cruz.n170It's my pleasure to introduce our first presenter from UC Santa Cruz, Terry Grea
 >ves' Kiowa.
156Terri Greaves is Kiowa.
157She's listed as history of consciousness, which is sort of wishful thinking on s171She's listed as history of consciousness, which is sort of wishful thinking on s
>omebody's part, not mine.>omebody's part, not mine.
158She's actually in American studies.172She's actually in American studies.
159I wish I could convince her to stick around and be a grad student at ISKCON so I173I wish I could convince her to stick around and be a grad student at ISKCON so I
> could continue to work with her.> could continue to work with her.
160But she's a graduating senior.174But she's a graduating senior.
n161And she's teaching a student-directed seminar this quarter, which is her last qun175And she's teaching a student -directed seminar this quarter, which is her last q
>arter, titled Indians, Redskins, Bucks, and Squaws, Images of Indians in America>uarter, titled Indians, Redskins, Bucks, and Squaws, Images of Indians in Americ
>n Popular Culture, which just started on Wednesday.>an Popular Culture, which just started on Wednesday.
162She's only had one meeting.176She's only had one meeting.
163She's going to talk to us about her research, which she's been working on for a 177She's going to talk to us about her research, which she's been working on for a 
>year or so, that went into the course, and then talk about her course design and>year or so, that went into the course, and then talk about her course design and
> some of the things, the kinds of methodological and theoretical issues that tha> some of the things, the kinds of methodological and theoretical issues that tha
>t raises.>t raises.
164And I think it's a topic that we all can relate to at some level and hopefully w178And I think it's a topic that we all can relate to at some level and hopefully w
>ill provoke some good discussion that may actually feed into her course too.>ill provoke some good discussion that may actually feed into her course too.
165So, Terri?179So, Terri?
166Well, like you said, I'm teaching this class and, well, I guess I'm going to be 180Well, like you said, I'm teaching this class and, well, I guess I'm going to be 
>a little more autobiographical than theoretical.>a little more autobiographical than theoretical.
167But the reason why I started this, this class was going to be my thesis.181But the reason why I started this, this class was going to be my thesis.
168And the reason why I started looking into images of Indians is because my mom ow182And the reason why I started looking into images of Indians is because my mom ow
>ned an Indian arts and crafts store on Wind River Reservation in Wyoming.>ned an Indian arts and crafts store on Wind River Reservation in Wyoming.
169And my entire life, all the money that we've survived off of has come from selli183And my entire life, all the money that we've survived off of has come from selli
>ng Indian things and has come from consumers want of those Indian things and tha>ng Indian things and has come from consumers want of those Indian things and tha
>t identity.>t identity.
170and I remember being a little girl and my mother always used to keep our hair in184and I remember being a little girl and my mother always used to keep our hair in
> braids and we used to play in front of the store and the white tourists would a> braids and we used to play in front of the store and the white tourists would a
>sk us for photographs and sometimes they'd give us money for it and sometimes th>sk us for photographs and sometimes they'd give us money for it and sometimes th
>ey wouldn't.>ey wouldn't.
171But we thought it was all fun and good and we'd get like five bucks out of the d185But we thought it was all fun and good and we'd get like five bucks out of the d
>eal.>eal.
172And basically I guess they would come to the reservation on their way to Yellows186And basically I guess they would come to the reservation on their way to Yellows
>tone Park to see Indians and they saw us, which is sort of funny because we're K>tone Park to see Indians and they saw us, which is sort of funny because we're K
>iowa and Comanche.>iowa and Comanche.
173We're not Shoshone or Arapaho from the reservation, you know.187We're not Shoshone or Arapaho from the reservation, you know.
174And so part of what my mother does is she sells herself along with the arts and 188And so part of what my mother does is she sells herself along with the arts and 
>crafts.>crafts.
175She dresses sort of like the old ladies on the reservation dress, and she's alwa189She dresses sort of like the old ladies on the reservation dress, and she's alwa
>ys dressed like that from as long as I can remember, like before I was born.>ys dressed like that from as long as I can remember, like before I was born.
176and that is one of the biggest selling points to the things that she sells in he190and that is one of the biggest selling points to the things that she sells in he
>r store.>r store.
177She's now in Santa Fe. And last summer when I was in Santa Fe visiting, I was ha191She's now in Santa Fe. And last summer when I was in Santa Fe visiting, I was ha
>nging out in the store with her and she was standing there and my mother's like,>nging out in the store with her and she was standing there and my mother's like,
> you know, 60 now and she was standing there and this white woman came in and sa> you know, 60 now and she was standing there and this white woman came in and sa
>w her and thought she was just the cutest thing in the world and ran right over >w her and thought she was just the cutest thing in the world and ran right over 
>to her and grabbed a hold of her braids and sort of yanked on them and said, oh,>to her and grabbed a hold of her braids and sort of yanked on them and said, oh,
> you're so cute, you're so cute.> you're so cute, you're so cute.
178And I remember looking at that and just being obviously appalled and wanting to 192And I remember looking at that and just being obviously appalled and wanting to 
>hit this woman.>hit this woman.
179But my mom, who deals with this on a daily basis, was very composed and said to 193But my mom, who deals with this on a daily basis, was very composed and said to 
>her, please don't touch my hair.>her, please don't touch my hair.
180And I saw over this woman's face a sudden realization that she was dealing with 194And I saw over this woman's face a sudden realization that she was dealing with 
>a human being and not a doll, not this cute little Indian woman to be fondled or>a human being and not a doll, not this cute little Indian woman to be fondled or
> touched or bought or whatever.> touched or bought or whatever.
181And I don't know, so that's what's led me to look into these, to look into what 195And I don't know, so that's what's led me to look into these, to look into what 
>we're seen as and how we create ourselves the way that my mother has created her>we're seen as and how we create ourselves the way that my mother has created her
>self because in a way she's brought this upon herself.>self because in a way she's brought this upon herself.
182I mean she could dress like a white person and blend in and she doesn't.196I mean she could dress like a white person and blend in and she doesn't.
183She sticks herself out and she does it for survival.197She sticks herself out and she does it for survival.
184And it's more than just survival of money.198And it's more than just survival of money.
185It's cultural survival also.199It's cultural survival also.
186And so let's see.200And so let's see.
187So I've been working on this research for like almost two years now.201So I've been working on this research for like almost two years now.
188And I've come up with this really huge bibliography.202And I've come up with this really huge bibliography.
189Part of it is annotated and part of it is unannotated.203Part of it is annotated and part of it is unannotated.
190The last six pages are unannotated.204The last six pages are unannotated.
191And it's all information, books, periodicals, articles, films that I've come up 205And it's all information, books, periodicals, articles, films that I've come up 
>with that all deal with this issue in one way or another.>with that all deal with this issue in one way or another.
192And I'd be happy to give this out.206And I'd be happy to give this out.
193I'd really like this information to get out there.207I'd really like this information to get out there.
194I hold no claim to it at all.208I hold no claim to it at all.
195The more people who look at it and think about it, the better.209The more people who look at it and think about it, the better.
196And the one thing that I found and the way that I structured my course was is th210And the one thing that I found and the way that I structured my course was is th
>ere's two approaches to Indian images and Indian identity from the outside.>ere's two approaches to Indian images and Indian identity from the outside.
197And the first one comes from a white perspective which looks at the images as cr211And the first one comes from a white perspective which looks at the images as cr
>eated by white people and imposed.>eated by white people and imposed.
198And then there's in the last, I'd say maybe even ten years, not even that long, 212And then there's in the last, I'd say maybe even ten years, not even that long, 
>there's a whole bunch of Indian research and Indian writing and thinking that se>there's a whole bunch of Indian research and Indian writing and thinking that se
>es Indian identity as that we have agency in creating our Indian identity, the w>es Indian identity as that we have agency in creating our Indian identity, the w
>ay that my mother dresses up and sells herself.>ay that my mother dresses up and sells herself.
199yourself.213yourself.
200And so, what was I going to say?214And so, what was I going to say?
201Oh, one of the films that I'm looking at is by a Hopi filmmaker.215Oh, one of the films that I'm looking at is by a Hopi filmmaker.
202His name is Victor Masayeswa.216His name is Victor Masayeswa.
203I'm probably totally slaughtering that name.217I'm probably totally slaughtering that name.
204But he did this film called Imagining Indians and it's an excellent film.218But he did this film called Imagining Indians and it's an excellent film.
205And it brings up issues that for Native Americans, which is not a lot, most of w219And it brings up issues that for Native Americans, which is not a lot, most of w
>hat I found doesn't bring up those issues for Native Americans and what he write>hat I found doesn't bring up those issues for Native Americans and what he write
>s about or what he what he visually shows is Indians dealing with this this thin>s about or what he what he visually shows is Indians dealing with this this thin
>g of having responsibility for what we allow to be consumed what we allow to be >g of having responsibility for what we allow to be consumed what we allow to be 
>be commodified and one of the things that he talks about is is sacred items that>be commodified and one of the things that he talks about is is sacred items that
> are now for sale or sacred items that have been turned into tourists tourist it> are now for sale or sacred items that have been turned into tourists tourist it
>ems like pipe bags or something like that and how we help that we help the we he>ems like pipe bags or something like that and how we help that we help the we he
>lp we help in losing the sacred of our communities by by by doing that, by allow>lp we help in losing the sacred of our communities by by by doing that, by allow
>ing things to be commodified.>ing things to be commodified.
206And it's something that I personally have a lot of interest in because I'm a bea220And it's something that I personally have a lot of interest in because I'm a bea
>dworker.>dworker.
207It's like I haven't had a real job for the last, I don't know, five or six years221It's like I haven't had a real job for the last, I don't know, five or six years
>.>.
208And I've made most of my money in the last few years on beadwork.222And I've made most of my money in the last few years on beadwork.
209And what I create holds huge implications.223And what I create holds huge implications.
210What I decide to allow to be sold, the designs I decide to use, it can be extrem224What I decide to allow to be sold, the designs I decide to use, it can be extrem
>ely appropriative and a really sticky situation the more I think about it.>ely appropriative and a really sticky situation the more I think about it.
211So he talks about, Victor Masayeswa talks about this responsibility that we have225So he talks about, Victor Masayeswa talks about this responsibility that we have
> as Indian people to our own identity and keeping the sacred sacred and using ou> as Indian people to our own identity and keeping the sacred sacred and using ou
>r good judgment, using not letting money talk all the time.>r good judgment, using not letting money talk all the time.
212And it's a really difficult lesson for me to learn because I'm poor and I really226And it's a really difficult lesson for me to learn because I'm poor and I really
> need the money.> need the money.
213But I don't know.227But I don't know.
214Let's see.228Let's see.
215I don't know like what else to say about this.229I don't know like what else to say about this.
216I'm teaching this class and unfortunately most of the students in my class are w230I'm teaching this class and unfortunately most of the students in my class are w
>hite and I don't think that we're going to get into those issues that I would li>hite and I don't think that we're going to get into those issues that I would li
>ke to get into and they're really issues that maybe only Indians can talk about >ke to get into and they're really issues that maybe only Indians can talk about 
>because it's our identity that's at stake.>because it's our identity that's at stake.
217And we're the ones that need to take control over the theorizing and the writing231And we're the ones that need to take control over the theorizing and the writing
> that's done on who we are and what our image is to the public.> that's done on who we are and what our image is to the public.
218And I don't know.232And I don't know.
219I think I'm going to stop there because I could go into, like, greater detail ab233I think I'm going to stop there because I could go into, like, greater detail ab
>out things, like particulars that I found out about images, but, you know, that >out things, like particulars that I found out about images, but, you know, that 
>might be boring.>might be boring.
220Thanks, Sherry.234Thanks, Sherry.
221Are there questions people have right off the bat?235Are there questions people have right off the bat?
222You used two terms in your presentation, sacred and culture.236You used two terms in your presentation, sacred and culture.
223How would you define those terms?237How would you define those terms?
224Oh, geez.238Oh, geez.
225Well, I can only answer personally.239Well, I can only answer personally.
226I don't know how else to answer, and I can only answer from experience.240I don't know how else to answer, and I can only answer from experience.
227And identity is such a twisted thing in America, and it has to do with race and 241And identity is such a twisted thing in America, and it has to do with race and 
>for Indians it has to do with blood quantum.>for Indians it has to do with blood quantum.
228And for me, my understanding is I've seen Indians that aren't really Indians, yo242And for me, my understanding is I've seen Indians that aren't really Indians, yo
>u know what I mean?>u know what I mean?
229Blood quantum, they're not recognized and it's the culture that ends up ultimate243Blood quantum, they're not recognized and it's the culture that ends up ultimate
>ly defining how they're received by their communities.>ly defining how they're received by their communities.
230And so in a way I think that culture...244And so in a way I think that culture...
231Do I sound like an anthropologist?245Do I sound like an anthropologist?
232I don't know, maybe I do.246I don't know, maybe I do.
233But I think that culture really defines a great deal of our identity, obviously.247But I think that culture really defines a great deal of our identity, obviously.
234And what was the other term?248And what was the other term?
235Sacred.249Sacred.
236Now that's really sticky.250Now that's really sticky.
237That's like terribly sticky.251That's like terribly sticky.
238Well, Well, the way that Victor was using it in this film was those things that 252Well, Well, the way that Victor was using it in this film was those things that 
>are central to our identity.>are central to our identity.
239And those things that are central to our identity can be seen as culture.253And those things that are central to our identity can be seen as culture.
240They can also be seen as a form of faith or religion.254They can also be seen as a form of faith or religion.
241I don't like the word religion.255I don't like the word religion.
242It seems too institutional.256It seems too institutional.
243I like the word faith better, because it can come in any form.257I like the word faith better, because it can come in any form.
244And I think that they're sacred for all people, not just Indians, obviously.258And I think that they're sacred for all people, not just Indians, obviously.
245And I don't know, I guess that's how I define it.259And I don't know, I guess that's how I define it.
246I don't know if that answered your question.260I don't know if that answered your question.
247I have a question.261I have a question.
248When you're teaching in this group, and you're the white students there, are you262When you're teaching in this group, and you're the white students there, are you
> getting the sense from them that they're reinforcing those ideas is about objec> getting the sense from them that they're reinforcing those ideas is about objec
>tifying Indians as a commercial commodity?>tifying Indians as a commercial commodity?
249Are you trying to undo it?263Are you trying to undo it?
250Do you see that coming from them?264Do you see that coming from them?
251Are they wanting to take that and again go out and learn enough to again follow 265Are they wanting to take that and again go out and learn enough to again follow 
>that path?>that path?
252I've only had one class meeting, so I can't tell you.266I've only had one class meeting, so I can't tell you.
253I know it's kind of an unfair question.267I know it's kind of an unfair question.
254But just even thinking about it, because I always teach in classes that I've hea268But just even thinking about it, because I always teach in classes that I've hea
>rd and I would like to use those two.>rd and I would like to use those two.
255Yeah.269Yeah.
256Yeah.270Yeah.
257Well, you know, my hope is that I won't be reinforcing the stereotypes.271Well, you know, my hope is that I won't be reinforcing the stereotypes.
258And I think that the strategy that I'm going to use is to constantly refer back 272And I think that the strategy that I'm going to use is to constantly refer back 
>to myself because I'm a living model, right, standing in front of them, breathin>to myself because I'm a living model, right, standing in front of them, breathin
>g in front of them.>g in front of them.
259And I have these stories.273And I have these stories.
260Hopefully they won't get bored by them.274Hopefully they won't get bored by them.
261But I have all these stories of what, how, I mean my mom's in the art business a275But I have all these stories of what, how, I mean my mom's in the art business a
>nd the art business is all about identity.>nd the art business is all about identity.
262It's all about image.276It's all about image.
263I mean image is the first thing that sells.277I mean image is the first thing that sells.
264The art comes later.278The art comes later.
265And if I can in some way use my life as an example to show them maybe insights t279And if I can in some way use my life as an example to show them maybe insights t
>hat they're not going to get by reading, you know, there's a really excellent bo>hat they're not going to get by reading, you know, there's a really excellent bo
>ok called The White Man's Indian.>ok called The White Man's Indian.
266I'm sure you know it.280I'm sure you know it.
267at Burkhofer and you can't get that from Burkhofer, you know what I mean?281at Burkhofer and you can't get that from Burkhofer, you know what I mean?
268It comes from a different perspective.282It comes from a different perspective.
269So I just hope by just physically being there is going to push it, push the issu283So I just hope by just physically being there is going to push it, push the issu
>e past those stereotypes.>e past those stereotypes.
270I don't know if it's going to work or not.284I don't know if it's going to work or not.
271I've heard all kinds of horror stories about how it doesn't work, so we'll see.285I've heard all kinds of horror stories about how it doesn't work, so we'll see.
272Do you want to talk about how your course design addresses this issue as well in286Do you want to talk about how your course design addresses this issue as well in
> terms of the first half and the second half?> terms of the first half and the second half?
273the films you're using?287the films you're using?
274Yeah, the first half of the course is all work written by non-Indians.288Yeah, the first half of the course is all work written by non-Indians.
275And the film, I'm only showing one film, is Thunderheart.289And the film, I'm only showing one film, is Thunderheart.
276And they come from the white perspective.290And they come from the white perspective.
277And some of them, it's just some of it's really excellent work.291And some of them, it's just some of it's really excellent work.
278And I really appreciate that.292And I really appreciate that.
279Some of it is very controversial.293Some of it is very controversial.
280controversial and I really appreciate that too.294controversial and I really appreciate that too.
281And hopefully in the class we can see how controversial and how almost like pola295And hopefully in the class we can see how controversial and how almost like pola
>r opposite it is from the Indian created writing and analysis, which is the seco>r opposite it is from the Indian created writing and analysis, which is the seco
>nd half of the course.>nd half of the course.
282And I'm using three films.296And I'm using three films.
283They're all films by Indian people.297They're all films by Indian people.
284Navajo Talking Pictures, Imagining Indians, and Herald of Orange.298Navajo Talking Pictures, Imagining Indians, and Herald of Orange.
285And I think I mean, in particular, Imagining Indians and Herald of Orange are li299And I think I mean, in particular, Imagining Indians and Herald of Orange are li
>ke two of, like they, when I watched Imagining Indians for the first time, I was>ke two of, like they, when I watched Imagining Indians for the first time, I was
> like, yes, this is exactly what I want to try to get across in my course, this > like, yes, this is exactly what I want to try to get across in my course, this 
>film.>film.
286And if they can understand that film by the end of the class, I'll be really hap300And if they can understand that film by the end of the class, I'll be really hap
>py.>py.
287I'll be really happy I'll have succeeded.301I'll be really happy I'll have succeeded.
288I think you answered my question.302I think you answered my question.
289In helping to deal with issues of identity, it seems like you have a couple audi303In helping to deal with issues of identity, it seems like you have a couple audi
>ences, one non-Indians as well.>ences, one non-Indians as well.
290And so I was wondering in class how you can, part of that would be the law of th304And so I was wondering in class how you can, part of that would be the law of th
>e team.>e team.
291I was wondering how you can do that, make that powerful.305I was wondering how you can do that, make that powerful.
292Right.306Right.
293I think you may have already answered my question.307I think you may have already answered my question.
294The class is a discussion class.308The class is a discussion class.
295It is not a lecture class.309It is not a lecture class.
296class.310class.
297I cannot imagine myself lecturing.311I cannot imagine myself lecturing.
298Like that just seems really foreign to me.312Like that just seems really foreign to me.
299So, and the other thing that I have going for me is I'm a student.313So, and the other thing that I have going for me is I'm a student.
300I'm totally equal level.314I'm totally equal level.
301I don't have an office.315I don't have an office.
302I don't have, you know, a super like professors box at the steno pool or whateve316I don't have, you know, a super like professors box at the steno pool or whateve
>r.>r.
303Well, actually that's not true.317Well, actually that's not true.
304I do.318I do.
305But anyway, it's like almost a level playing field that I'm coming from that tha319But anyway, it's like almost a level playing field that I'm coming from that tha
>t professors don't have.>t professors don't have.
306And I hope that, I mean, when we're out in the real world, isn't that when we co320And I hope that, I mean, when we're out in the real world, isn't that when we co
>nnect with another person, when we really connect, it's when we feel like we're >nnect with another person, when we really connect, it's when we feel like we're 
>on a level playing field, when we can really hear what they're saying.>on a level playing field, when we can really hear what they're saying.
307So I'm hoping that that's going to come through.321So I'm hoping that that's going to come through.
308I don't know.322I don't know.
309We'll see.323We'll see.
310At the end of the quarter, when I'm not graduating, because my class is a total 324At the end of the quarter, when I'm not graduating, because my class is a total 
>failure, we'll see.>failure, we'll see.
311When my students hate my guts.325When my students hate my guts.
312I think I'm taking the hard line.326I think I'm taking the hard line.
313I just wanted to ask you if you have any questions from your experience.327I just wanted to ask you if you have any questions from your experience.
314If you might want to ask, pose any questions here since we have all kind of diff328If you might want to ask, pose any questions here since we have all kind of diff
>erent people here in the room with the wide points of view.>erent people here in the room with the wide points of view.
315Well, I don't know.329Well, I don't know.
316I guess my question would be, I keep coming back to this film by Victor Masayesv330I guess my question would be, I keep coming back to this film by Victor Masayesv
>a, which it just, it's an incredible film and I recommend it to anyone, everyone>a, which it just, it's an incredible film and I recommend it to anyone, everyone
>.>.
317everyone.331everyone.
318And he shows the scene of these paintings on a rock wall and he's talking about 332And he shows the scene of these paintings on a rock wall and he's talking about 
>like looking back through time how once we used to make these things for surviva>like looking back through time how once we used to make these things for surviva
>l, for life, and then somewhere along the line money started to be exchanged for>l, for life, and then somewhere along the line money started to be exchanged for
> these items.> these items.
319And then somewhere along the line after that we stopped claiming responsibility 333And then somewhere along the line after that we stopped claiming responsibility 
>for that whole process of exchange for survival.>for that whole process of exchange for survival.
320Maybe not seeing it or seeing it in the same light or not seeing it in the same 334Maybe not seeing it or seeing it in the same light or not seeing it in the same 
>light.>light.
321And I just wonder, like I said, it's a really difficult question for me to deal 335And I just wonder, like I said, it's a really difficult question for me to deal 
>with.>with.
322Like my own responsibility to what I do, to the art that I do.336Like my own responsibility to what I do, to the art that I do.
323And, but at the same instance, I do feel this responsibility to the sacred, what337And, but at the same instance, I do feel this responsibility to the sacred, what
>ever the heck that is, I don't know.>ever the heck that is, I don't know.
324And I don't know, I guess my question is, what do people think about that?338And I don't know, I guess my question is, what do people think about that?
325I mean, it's, of course, I think, like, people have always, Indian people have a339I mean, it's, of course, I think, like, people have always, Indian people have a
>lways done that.>lways done that.
326But to a certain extent, like with the, I can see it in the movie industry bette340But to a certain extent, like with the, I can see it in the movie industry bette
>r than any other industry, is Indian film stars walking into roles that maybe ar>r than any other industry, is Indian film stars walking into roles that maybe ar
>e not the best roles to be walking into.>e not the best roles to be walking into.
327And doing it for money.341And doing it for money.
328And then not liking to hear any criticism of them coming from the Indian communi342And then not liking to hear any criticism of them coming from the Indian communi
>ty for doing that.>ty for doing that.
329And saying, oh well, the Indian community is poor and this is a way that I'm get343And saying, oh well, the Indian community is poor and this is a way that I'm get
>ting out of it.>ting out of it.
330but in a way it compromises our identity.344but in a way it compromises our identity.
331Can I just add something to that based on some conversations that we've had in m345Can I just add something to that based on some conversations that we've had in m
>y office that she hasn't quite said it this way, but I think some of the things >y office that she hasn't quite said it this way, but I think some of the things 
>that I've learned from Terry in terms of the questions that she's asking that sh>that I've learned from Terry in terms of the questions that she's asking that sh
>e's posing to the people in this room is that it's one thing for us to stand up >e's posing to the people in this room is that it's one thing for us to stand up 
>and lament the commodification of Indian culture or the inappropriate appropriat>and lament the commodification of Indian culture or the inappropriate appropriat
>ions committed in the name of New Age spirituality and on down the list.>ions committed in the name of New Age spirituality and on down the list.
332But what happens when we acknowledge that Indian people, both today and in the p346But what happens when we acknowledge that Indian people, both today and in the p
>ast, have been active participants?>ast, have been active participants?
333Not all Indian people, but there have been some.347Not all Indian people, but there have been some.
334What do we do when we acknowledge that Indian people have been participating in 348What do we do when we acknowledge that Indian people have been participating in 
>that?>that?
335And the question is not a question of politics.349And the question is not a question of politics.
336It's not a question of laying blame, so much as it's an intellectual question, w350It's not a question of laying blame, so much as it's an intellectual question, w
>hich is to ask, what's going on culturally?>hich is to ask, what's going on culturally?
337What's the significance of that?351What's the significance of that?
338It's not that by acknowledging that Indian people have been participating in it 352It's not that by acknowledging that Indian people have been participating in it 
>that thereby we can't blame non-Indians for what they're doing.>that thereby we can't blame non-Indians for what they're doing.
339It's an intellectual question, as I understand the way you're approaching it.353It's an intellectual question, as I understand the way you're approaching it.
340She's really asking the question, what does this mean for us?354She's really asking the question, what does this mean for us?
341What does this mean about Indian culture?355What does this mean about Indian culture?
342What does it tell us?356What does it tell us?
343What kinds of questions does it ask?357What kinds of questions does it ask?
344I haven't heard you say it quite that way today, but that's what I've picked up 358I haven't heard you say it quite that way today, but that's what I've picked up 
>in our conversations as you worked on this research.>in our conversations as you worked on this research.
345I'll make a quick comment and then give them to other questions.359I'll make a quick comment and then give them to other questions.
346I think it illustrates to Terry and James that it represents a crisis intellectu360I think it illustrates to Terry and James that it represents a crisis intellectu
>ally, but also at the level of responsibility.>ally, but also at the level of responsibility.
347There's a moment, I think we've been talking about the same film, of Rodney Gran361There's a moment, I think we've been talking about the same film, of Rodney Gran
>t from Dance with Wolves, making a comment in that film, it's the same one, righ>t from Dance with Wolves, making a comment in that film, it's the same one, righ
>t?>t?
348and where Victor poses to him the question about commodifying himself, basically362and where Victor poses to him the question about commodifying himself, basically
>.>.
349What roles do you take?363What roles do you take?
350Which ones do you not take?364Which ones do you not take?
351And one of the questions is, well, are you going to take responsibility for crea365And one of the questions is, well, are you going to take responsibility for crea
>ting Native American film industry, for films by Native American directors like >ting Native American film industry, for films by Native American directors like 
>Victor?>Victor?
352Would you take $5,000 to do a film with me instead of $1,000,000 to do a film ov366Would you take $5,000 to do a film with me instead of $1,000,000 to do a film ov
>er here?>er here?
353And Rodney Grant ends up sort of avoiding the question.367And Rodney Grant ends up sort of avoiding the question.
354He doesn't want to talk about it.368He doesn't want to talk about it.
355And there's a way in which that film problematizes for me an avoidance of a real369And there's a way in which that film problematizes for me an avoidance of a real
> crisis.> crisis.
356And why I think it's a really interesting topic to bring up is there's also not 370And why I think it's a really interesting topic to bring up is there's also not 
>among Indian writers enough theorizing about this question of responsibility.>among Indian writers enough theorizing about this question of responsibility.
357because it's a really difficult issue.371because it's a really difficult issue.
358And teaching is actually one of those places where you have to confront it.372And teaching is actually one of those places where you have to confront it.
359And you'll find that out, and everyone here who has taught finds that out as wel373And you'll find that out, and everyone here who has taught finds that out as wel
>l, where generally you are in situations where you are somehow standing in as a >l, where generally you are in situations where you are somehow standing in as a 
>representative of lots and lots of people and lots of points of view.>representative of lots and lots of people and lots of points of view.
360No matter how much you don't want to be, that's the situation you're faced with 374No matter how much you don't want to be, that's the situation you're faced with 
>as a teacher.>as a teacher.
361And so you'll have to confront it at that point.375And so you'll have to confront it at that point.
362There's a wonderful side of that.376There's a wonderful side of that.
363There's also a really sticky part of it, too.377There's also a really sticky part of it, too.
364And I find that those people who really want to embrace that and say, yeah, I wa378And I find that those people who really want to embrace that and say, yeah, I wa
>nt to be that person, that's when you run into problems.>nt to be that person, that's when you run into problems.
365If you're too eager to go into that situation and say, yeah, I'll represent the 379If you're too eager to go into that situation and say, yeah, I'll represent the 
>Indian voice to all of these people.>Indian voice to all of these people.
366So it's a huge issue that will probably come up all day.380So it's a huge issue that will probably come up all day.
367We'll move on to some other questions.381We'll move on to some other questions.
368You bring out many deep questions, many deep issues.382You bring out many deep questions, many deep issues.
369I'm not sure that I understand everything, but there is one issue that you bring383I'm not sure that I understand everything, but there is one issue that you bring
> out and really touched me.> out and really touched me.
370It's the question of art and money.384It's the question of art and money.
371Because I'm a person who paints, and I use painting to know it more myself, and 385Because I'm a person who paints, and I use painting to know it more myself, and 
>also to try to come in with other person to share what I know or what I don't kn>also to try to come in with other person to share what I know or what I don't kn
>ow with my art.>ow with my art.
372And you just involve the question of sending because we have to survive.386And you just involve the question of sending because we have to survive.
373I need to leave the art that I'm doing.387I need to leave the art that I'm doing.
374And presently, I'm not ready to send my art because I don't know exactly why.388And presently, I'm not ready to send my art because I don't know exactly why.
375And I'm not ready to paint to please the public when they watch because the art 389And I'm not ready to paint to please the public when they watch because the art 
>for me is something more deep.>for me is something more deep.
376And I understand a little bit you when you involve this question, but I don't ha390And I understand a little bit you when you involve this question, but I don't ha
>ve all the answers.>ve all the answers.
377But I just share your fear with this, because in art I think there is something 391But I just share your fear with this, because in art I think there is something 
>very deep, and it's really personal, but at the same time, I think that there is>very deep, and it's really personal, but at the same time, I think that there is
> something universal in art.> something universal in art.
378There is a kind of spirit inside art, art, then with money there is something th392There is a kind of spirit inside art, art, then with money there is something th
>at I don't understand.>at I don't understand.
379That's what I wanted to say.393That's what I wanted to say.
380Yeah, my presentation last time, which I will try not to get into, basically dea394Yeah, my presentation last time, which I will try not to get into, basically dea
>lt with this about Indian art.>lt with this about Indian art.
381Because Indian art is really defined in many different ways, and it's defined by395Because Indian art is really defined in many different ways, and it's defined by
> time.> time.
382And antique Indian art is worth way more than Indian art presently made.396And antique Indian art is worth way more than Indian art presently made.
383But then within the presently made Indian art, certain types of art are consider397But then within the presently made Indian art, certain types of art are consider
>ed crafts that anybody can do.>ed crafts that anybody can do.
384Bead work, feather work, wood work, anything like that.398Bead work, feather work, wood work, anything like that.
385And then there's another type of art that is considered fine art or high art.399And then there's another type of art that is considered fine art or high art.
386Pottery, modern paintings, baskets, like that.400Pottery, modern paintings, baskets, like that.
387and there will be, like if you go into Santa Fe, there's like one whole gallery 401and there will be, like if you go into Santa Fe, there's like one whole gallery 
>dedicated just to pots, and they're not old pots.>dedicated just to pots, and they're not old pots.
388They're pots that are currently made.402They're pots that are currently made.
389And my question is, why isn't there a store dedicated also to beadwork?403And my question is, why isn't there a store dedicated also to beadwork?
390There is, but it's mass-produced beadwork.404There is, but it's mass-produced beadwork.
391And I just, I question, like, what's going on there just within the market itsel405And I just, I question, like, what's going on there just within the market itsel
>f that defines what art is.>f that defines what art is.
392And there's something coming up on the thing about looking at Indian history and406And there's something coming up on the thing about looking at Indian history and
> something about terms in Indian history.> something about terms in Indian history.
393And I think that part of that, yeah, problematizing the term of traditional cult407And I think that part of that, yeah, problematizing the term of traditional cult
>ure, because a lot of the modern artwork that's being made by Indians is traditi>ure, because a lot of the modern artwork that's being made by Indians is traditi
>onally based, but maybe not like, you know, beaded tennis shoes or something lik>onally based, but maybe not like, you know, beaded tennis shoes or something lik
>e that with traditional designs on it.>e that with traditional designs on it.
394It's like how do you define that and how does the market define that?408It's like how do you define that and how does the market define that?
395So we live in, you know, a market-driven economy and in an art is just like any 409So we live in, you know, a market-driven economy and in an art is just like any 
>other commodity, so we have to deal with that.>other commodity, so we have to deal with that.
396Maybe with that we'll let people comment during lunch and during the breaks and 410Maybe with that we'll let people comment during lunch and during the breaks and 
>things to Terry.>things to Terry.
397I thought that was great, so thank you.411I thought that was great, so thank you.
398Thank you.412Thank you.
399For those of you who are following along the schedule and correlating it with th413For those of you who are following along the schedule and correlating it with th
>e watch on the end of your arm, the way we're going to deal with the time, we st>e watch on the end of your arm, the way we're going to deal with the time, we st
>art at about 15 minutes late, and we're just going to be about 15 minutes behind>art at about 15 minutes late, and we're just going to be about 15 minutes behind
>, and we'll have lunch at about 12.15.>, and we'll have lunch at about 12.15.
400So you don't have to get nervous or antsy if we're running still about 10 minute414So you don't have to get nervous or antsy if we're running still about 10 minute
>s behind.>s behind.
401That's our plan for right now.415That's our plan for right now.
402Our next speaker is Jacob Manitoul Bailey, Sac and Fox.416Our next speaker is Jacob Manitoul Bailey, Sac and Fox.
403And I wish Jacob were an American Studies major.417And I wish Jacob were an American Studies major.
404He's taken a lot of courses in American Studies, but unfortunately he was seduce418He's taken a lot of courses in American Studies, but unfortunately he was seduce
>d by the Community Studies Board because they would allow him to do a six -month>d by the Community Studies Board because they would allow him to do a six -month
> field internship, and he's going to be going to Oklahoma to work with the Sac a> field internship, and he's going to be going to Oklahoma to work with the Sac a
>nd Fox at the end of the spring quarter.>nd Fox at the end of the spring quarter.
405Is that right?419Is that right?
406He won't be back until the first of the year.420He won't be back until the first of the year.
407And he's been involved in a number of projects on campus and one of the most imp421And he's been involved in a number of projects on campus and one of the most imp
>ortant has to do with the repatriation process at UC Santa Cruz.>ortant has to do with the repatriation process at UC Santa Cruz.
408He has been doing an internship and has learned a great deal about art collectio422He has been doing an internship and has learned a great deal about art collectio
>ns.>ns.
409Probably the second most knowledgeable person on the campus right now about the 423Probably the second most knowledgeable person on the campus right now about the 
>small collection that we have of Indian remains at UC Santa Cruz, and has also t>small collection that we have of Indian remains at UC Santa Cruz, and has also t
>aken it in his own characteristically intellectual way, raising some very broad >aken it in his own characteristically intellectual way, raising some very broad 
>questions about the relationship, both institutional and intellectual, between t>questions about the relationship, both institutional and intellectual, between t
>he discipline of anthropology and the American Indian community, and so has a nu>he discipline of anthropology and the American Indian community, and so has a nu
>mber of interesting points to raise.>mber of interesting points to raise.
410and he's going to talk about the whole repatriation situation at UCSC.424and he's going to talk about the whole repatriation situation at UCSC.
411Jacob?425Jacob?
412Well, I might get that far.426Well, I might get that far.
413I'm not sure yet.427I'm not sure yet.
414One of my nicknames for Terry is Boss, and I tell you that because I'm going to 428One of my nicknames for Terry is Boss, and I tell you that because I'm going to 
>be following a lot of what she said and what I want to discuss today.>be following a lot of what she said and what I want to discuss today.
415day.429day.
416And repatriation as it has been defined stands for, and this is a legal definiti430And repatriation as it has been defined stands for, and this is a legal definiti
>on, the return of sacred objects, human remains, unassociated funerary goods, an>on, the return of sacred objects, human remains, unassociated funerary goods, an
>d items of of cultural patrimony to American Indian nations.>d items of of cultural patrimony to American Indian nations.
417And repatriation currently is largely discussed within the terms and defined wit431And repatriation currently is largely discussed within the terms and defined wit
>hin the terms of NAGPRA, which is the Native American Graves Repatriation and Pr>hin the terms of NAGPRA, which is the Native American Graves Repatriation and Pr
>otection Act, which was passed in 1990.>otection Act, which was passed in 1990.
418And I say I want to follow Terry because I I want to talk about images, stereoty432And I say I want to follow Terry because I I want to talk about images, stereoty
>pes, assumptions, responsibility, a lot of the same issues.>pes, assumptions, responsibility, a lot of the same issues.
419And I also want to follow her by starting with a story about my mother.433And I also want to follow her by starting with a story about my mother.
420Because when my mother was going to school, there was no such thing as Native Am434Because when my mother was going to school, there was no such thing as Native Am
>erican studies.>erican studies.
421There was no such thing as Indian education.435There was no such thing as Indian education.
422If you wanted to have anything to do with Indians in the college setting, he wen436If you wanted to have anything to do with Indians in the college setting, he wen
>t into anthropology.>t into anthropology.
423And a lot of Indians went into anthropology and some of them made it and a lot m437And a lot of Indians went into anthropology and some of them made it and a lot m
>ore didn't make it.>ore didn't make it.
424And my mom was one of those.438And my mom was one of those.
425She dropped out of college and I grew up with stories about the crazy things tha439She dropped out of college and I grew up with stories about the crazy things tha
>t anthropologists thought about Indians and the even sicker things that they the>t anthropologists thought about Indians and the even sicker things that they the
>y did to our dead.>y did to our dead.
426And when I first started, and I'm really glad that there's a lot of anthropology440And when I first started, and I'm really glad that there's a lot of anthropology
> students on this sheet.> students on this sheet.
427Maybe we can get a little dialogue going here, because I have a lot of problems.441Maybe we can get a little dialogue going here, because I have a lot of problems.
428I've always grown up with a lot of assumptions and a lot of stereotypes about an442I've always grown up with a lot of assumptions and a lot of stereotypes about an
>thropologists.>thropologists.
429and when I first started researching repatriation, I uncovered horror story afte443and when I first started researching repatriation, I uncovered horror story afte
>r horror story about past and current anthropological practice.>r horror story about past and current anthropological practice.
430And it reinforced a lot of the ideas I had about anthropology and what it does a444And it reinforced a lot of the ideas I had about anthropology and what it does a
>nd what it has done to Indian people.>nd what it has done to Indian people.
431And at the same time I've had sort of a morbid fascination with the strange crea445And at the same time I've had sort of a morbid fascination with the strange crea
>tures and sort of the rituals that they seem to love to carry out.>tures and sort of the rituals that they seem to love to carry out.
432And those were the terms that I thought about anthropology and anthropologists w446And those were the terms that I thought about anthropology and anthropologists w
>hen I started interning at the University of California Santa Cruz Archaeologica>hen I started interning at the University of California Santa Cruz Archaeologica
>l Collection.>l Collection.
433The repatriation debate, and I shouldn't use the word debate, I shouldn't even u447The repatriation debate, and I shouldn't use the word debate, I shouldn't even u
>se the word movement, I should use the word war, because that's the way that bot>se the word movement, I should use the word war, because that's the way that bot
>h a lot of Natives and a lot of non-Natives writing about repatriation have defi>h a lot of Natives and a lot of non-Natives writing about repatriation have defi
>ned it.>ned it.
434They've defined it as a war, as a war of science versus religion, a war of objec448They've defined it as a war, as a war of science versus religion, a war of objec
>tive, cold, analytical anthropologists versus warm, spiritual Indians.>tive, cold, analytical anthropologists versus warm, spiritual Indians.
435Indians.449Indians.
436And a lot of the titles of articles written by both Natives and non-Natives, a l450And a lot of the titles of articles written by both Natives and non-Natives, a l
>ot of prominent people are things like science or sacrilege, disputing the dead,>ot of prominent people are things like science or sacrilege, disputing the dead,
> preservation or reburial, Native Americans versus American museums, a battle fo> preservation or reburial, Native Americans versus American museums, a battle fo
>r artifacts.>r artifacts.
437And so this This is the mindset that prevails in a lot of places, and it was the451And so this This is the mindset that prevails in a lot of places, and it was the
> mindset that I had when I started interning at the anthropology department.> mindset that I had when I started interning at the anthropology department.
438That was an extremely difficult process for me.452That was an extremely difficult process for me.
439You walk into this building.453You walk into this building.
440It's called Social Sciences I.454It's called Social Sciences I.
441I normally refer to it as the evil building.455I normally refer to it as the evil building.
442And it's this big concrete monolith.456And it's this big concrete monolith.
443You know, you walk up two stairs of floor, the air starts to get stale.457You know, you walk up two stairs of floor, the air starts to get stale.
444The posters start to appear on the wall.458The posters start to appear on the wall.
445Paleolithic culture and plains material items in the faunal area.459Paleolithic culture and plains material items in the faunal area.
446You know, people are talking in languages that I can't understand.460You know, people are talking in languages that I can't understand.
447And I get to the fourth floor where they keep the bodies, and I start getting pr461And I get to the fourth floor where they keep the bodies, and I start getting pr
>etty whacked out.>etty whacked out.
448When I first started my internship, I could only think of things in either-or si462When I first started my internship, I could only think of things in either-or si
>tuations.>tuations.
449It was either I go in there and I lay my agenda out on the table, or I hide it a463It was either I go in there and I lay my agenda out on the table, or I hide it a
>nd I compromise my sense of integrity.>nd I compromise my sense of integrity.
450And every situation that I found myself in was a set of either-or statements, ne464And every situation that I found myself in was a set of either-or statements, ne
>ither of which I was happy with.>ither of which I was happy with.
451And eventually what I was forced to do for my own sanity and to get anywhere in 465And eventually what I was forced to do for my own sanity and to get anywhere in 
>working to help the repatriation process was that I had to go out on a limb.>working to help the repatriation process was that I had to go out on a limb.
452I had to put myself out there and I had to explain to my supervisor, who's an ar466I had to put myself out there and I had to explain to my supervisor, who's an ar
>chaeologist, and my my coworker who is an archaeology student that I had a lot o>chaeologist, and my my coworker who is an archaeology student that I had a lot o
>f fear and a lot of anger about what was going on.>f fear and a lot of anger about what was going on.
453And I was amazed, I was absolutely amazed at the emotional responses that I got 467And I was amazed, I was absolutely amazed at the emotional responses that I got 
>from those people.>from those people.
454and what they told me about how they felt and how they had become sick, how they468and what they told me about how they felt and how they had become sick, how they
> felt forces, and how hard it was for them to be involved in such a thing.> felt forces, and how hard it was for them to be involved in such a thing.
455And we really begin to build bridges to facilitate a way of thinking about repat469And we really begin to build bridges to facilitate a way of thinking about repat
>riation that wasn't us versus them.>riation that wasn't us versus them.
456It wasn't me carrying a banner going in there to get rid of anthropology.470It wasn't me carrying a banner going in there to get rid of anthropology.
457And I think that Indians have a lot of stereotypes about anthropologists.471And I think that Indians have a lot of stereotypes about anthropologists.
458Anthropologists have a lot of stereotypes about Indians.472Anthropologists have a lot of stereotypes about Indians.
459And the dominant society has stereotypes about both of them, which feed into a r473And the dominant society has stereotypes about both of them, which feed into a r
>hetoric which divides us.>hetoric which divides us.
460And this is when it comes to survival and when it comes to responsibility, like 474And this is when it comes to survival and when it comes to responsibility, like 
>Terry was talking about, is that anthropologists, the most of them, When I reall>Terry was talking about, is that anthropologists, the most of them, When I reall
>y sat down and talked with them, the basic thing that comes out is that they lov>y sat down and talked with them, the basic thing that comes out is that they lov
>e Indians.>e Indians.
461That they love Indians, that they feel a responsibility towards Indians, that th475That they love Indians, that they feel a responsibility towards Indians, that th
>e whole reason they went into their field is because they wanted to help Indians>e whole reason they went into their field is because they wanted to help Indians
>.>.
462And they got into the field and then they found out that they had to do these ce476And they got into the field and then they found out that they had to do these ce
>rtain things.>rtain things.
463which wasn't what they thought and they ended up interacting with objects and wi477which wasn't what they thought and they ended up interacting with objects and wi
>th remains and not with live human beings and repatriation has forced a lot of a>th remains and not with live human beings and repatriation has forced a lot of a
>nthropologists to and a lot of Indians to get over their fear about each other a>nthropologists to and a lot of Indians to get over their fear about each other a
>nd to come together to work on projects to to try to to resolve this crisis.>nd to come together to work on projects to to try to to resolve this crisis.
464And anthropologists, and I use the term so generally and so broadly, and I refer478And anthropologists, and I use the term so generally and so broadly, and I refer
> to such a huge group of people, but there's a narrative that's emerging which i> to such a huge group of people, but there's a narrative that's emerging which i
>s trying to succeed the one that's of us us versus them, which says we can work >s trying to succeed the one that's of us us versus them, which says we can work 
>together.>together.
465And we can work together to do some important things.479And we can work together to do some important things.
466So that's the first sort of issue I want to pose.480So that's the first sort of issue I want to pose.
467The second issue I want to pose is...481The second issue I want to pose is...
468is about how the rhetoric around repatriation talks about Indians and about how 482is about how the rhetoric around repatriation talks about Indians and about how 
>they feel about spirits and their ancestors and desecration and things like this>they feel about spirits and their ancestors and desecration and things like this
> in a way that really disturbs me and it disturbs me because it's not tribally s> in a way that really disturbs me and it disturbs me because it's not tribally s
>pecific and it's not guided by that For instance, there's a national NAGPRA comm>pecific and it's not guided by that For instance, there's a national NAGPRA comm
>ittee and they have field meetings which are helped to formulate policy.>ittee and they have field meetings which are helped to formulate policy.
469And at one of these field meetings there was a presentation which represented th483And at one of these field meetings there was a presentation which represented th
>e Indian viewpoint for that segment.>e Indian viewpoint for that segment.
470segment and the people who got up there were political activists and they basica484segment and the people who got up there were political activists and they basica
>lly said that all these bones need to go back in the ground and we don't care wh>lly said that all these bones need to go back in the ground and we don't care wh
>at they are.>at they are.
471We don't care if they're Chinese, we don't care if they're Jewish, we don't care485We don't care if they're Chinese, we don't care if they're Jewish, we don't care
> what what tribe they are.> what what tribe they are.
472The spirits have been disturbed.486The spirits have been disturbed.
473The spirits have been disturbed.487The spirits have been disturbed.
474And we need to put them at peace.488And we need to put them at peace.
475And repatriation was an intertribal movement to deal with some very serious issu489And repatriation was an intertribal movement to deal with some very serious issu
>es, dangerous issues, powerful issues, things that I cannot possibly understand >es, dangerous issues, powerful issues, things that I cannot possibly understand 
>and my solution is to look to the people in my community like I'm going for six >and my solution is to look to the people in my community like I'm going for six 
>months to intern with the second Fox repatriation committee which is made up of >months to intern with the second Fox repatriation committee which is made up of 
>elders and their response is that they need to move extremely slow they need to >elders and their response is that they need to move extremely slow they need to 
>be extremely careful because they're dealing with very very powerful and dangero>be extremely careful because they're dealing with very very powerful and dangero
>us issues, and that they need to be guided by the traditional beliefs and the tr>us issues, and that they need to be guided by the traditional beliefs and the tr
>aditional ways that have guided them in everything else they do.>aditional ways that have guided them in everything else they do.
t476And what I see going on a lot of other places is these remains, these ancestors,t490And what I see going on a lot of other places is these remains, these ancestors,
> become a war trophy, we will get these bones back from you anthropologists.> become a war trophy, we will get these
477We will take them and put them in the ground where they belong.
478And that attitude, I don't know what to think about it, because I don't know whe
>re it's coming from. 
479and I have a lot of documentation that I've been finding lately.
480For instance, there was this case in Kentucky at a place called Slag Farm, and 1
>,200 shiny bodies were taken out of the ground by pot hunters. 
481And Indian people immediately responded because of the desecration.
482But in addition to ceremonies to put, to rebury those people, a proposal for $15
>7,000 to bring 700 elders of the International Elders Council came up. 
483A local news story forecasted up to 100,000 Indians could be expected to show up
> for the reburial. 
484The Evansville Convention and Visitors Bureau sent out housing forms to all trib
>al offices because they expected huge crowds to materialize. 
485Members of the reburial committee started claiming that it would be the largest 
>gathering of tribal hierarchy this century. 
486a concert was proposed, a powwow, a sidewalk art show, Hollywood stars would arr
>ive according to one of the organizers of the event. 
487It became an event.
488And these are Indian people.
489Eventually, two of the organizers took off with $30,000 that they raised.
490And nowhere could I find that the Shawnee had had anything to do with this.
491So, I think James is passing me a little note here, and I'll stop right there.
492That's great.
493What questions do people have?
494One minute, sir.
495Eric?
496I'm sort of wondering about whether you actually believe it's wrong for groups w
>ho aren't directly affiliated with these remains to lobby for their reburial. 
497And the example I think of is a few years back, a group of Indian tribes from so
>uthern New England reburied the remains of some Niantic Indians. 
498There is no Niantic tribe extant today.
499And the Indians were buried on the Pequot reservation, the tribal medicine man o
>f the Wampanoag Indians and the medicine man of the, I think it was the Pasamacu 
>ati, were presiding over the ceremony and they were buried these remains in a ve 
>ry very pan-tribal manner. 
500They didn't necessarily do it in the authentic Niantic way, whatever that was.
501But they at least returned these things to the ground, which they knew was the t
>radition of the Niantics to actually bury the remains. 
502But had they not done that, these remains remains would have stayed in a museum 
>or wherever they were forever because there would have been no Niantics to claim 
> them back. 
503All right.
504The National Committee, their basic, and this is of course rumor because I have 
>not personally talked to the National Committee, but the grapevine says that the 
> National Committee, which is made up of, I think, four Indians and three non-In 
>dians, is saying that any Native American is closer to a human remain that's of  
>Native American descent than any non-Indian is. 
505And consequently, we will act on that prerogative.
506Now, if there are remains which have no tribal affiliation, I don't know what to
> do about that. 
507I don't have an answer for you.
508But what I'm saying is that a lot of people are saying, we're tired of waiting.
509We want to do this now.
510now.
511No more consultation, no more discussing it.
512We want those bones back in the ground.
513And my concern with that is that when I talk to tribal elders, they're saying we
> need to take this very slow. 
514We need to be very careful.
515We need to have a lot of discussion.
516We need the Sac and Fox repatriation policy, I have it with me, says that we nee
>d the opinion of every single member of the tribe and we need all of their knowl 
>edge because no one can handle this alone. 
517This needs to be a collective, a collective pursuit, a collective effort.
518And so when a rash decision is made, and I'll use an example which strikes close
> to home, and I'll use it without names, but this University Stanford did a repa 
>triation several years ago of Ohlone individuals and And it's unclear what type  
>of consultation process happened, but there are Ohlone individuals today who wil 
>l not talk to other Ohlone individuals because of the way that reburial was hand 
>led, because the people who ended up receiving the remains to put them in the ea 
>rth carried out ceremonies in a way that they found to be spiritual violence, An 
>d the words that they used was that it reminded them of when the Nazis buried Je 
>ws in mass graves. 
519And all they could do was go home and pray and purify themselves.
520Now, I don't know if that individual speaks for the traditional Ohlones.
521I don't know anything about it.
522All I know is that if someone had been more careful, had taken longer to engage 
>in a process to make sure that there was unity in the tribe on how to move forwa 
>rd on this, then there wouldn't be that issue. 
523issue.
524And for me, it's like, it's so, it's so dangerous.
525And Indian people have waited so long to have this, that, you know, a few more y
>ears to work out some problems among you isn't gonna, isn't gonna hurt anything. 
526You know, to wait, to wait three, even three or four years until you, your tribe
> or your community or whatever has come to a consensus on how to handle the issu 
>e and has designated people specifically to handle these matters, then that's be 
>tter than rushing it. 
527It's not an issue that can be rushed.
528Do you think they can actually achieve that sort of unanimity?
529Well, I don't know about all tribes.
530The Sac and Fox, I think, are going to from the way it's going.
531The Hopi, for instance, they have four archaeologists who work for them.
532They have an archaeological program, and it's overseen by 18 clan elders and pri
>ests. 
533Now, I don't know how the Hopi feel about that, but it sounds like something tha
>t's better than, you know, giving up bones or sacred objects when there is still 
> some doubt about who should be receiving those. 
534This repatriation, I have, and this is my personal opinion, is not an activist i
>ssue. 
535You know, this is not primarily a political issue.
536It's primarily a spiritual issue and a cultural issue.
537And it's not something to carry banners around about.
538There is a proper way which needs to be directed by people who have knowledge.
539I don't know.
540I don't know how to handle a repatriation and I would never go do that.
541Can I just chip in here on the same, because I think it's a really good question
> And obviously, as you know, there are also a great number of remains which aren 
>'t even tribally identified, whether they still exist as a community or not. 
542So this is going to be a continual problem.
543It seems to me that one way of answering this that's suggested by the work that 
>Jacob has done is that I think what Jacob has done very well is he's developing  
>a distinction between responsibility and ownership. 
544And what he's trying to do is to show why those two things being very different 
>have very different implications for how this is handled, whether it's on a trib 
>al or an intertribal level. 
545I think he's trying to suggest that if the bones are approached to something whi
>ch is owned over which there can be a political battle, then it doesn't matter w 
>hether it's a tribe doing it or whether it's the National Congress of American I 
>ndians, you're going to run into inappropriate potentials, potential for inappro 
>priate kinds of actions. 
546If it's approached as a problem of responsibility rather than of ownership, then
> again, there can be appropriate solutions to either tribal or intertribal probl 
>ems that come up in the repatriation process. 
547I mean, I don't, personally, I don't have any problem with, you know, the propri
>ety of these people because I see that as an example of taking responsibility. 
548Now, whether within their own rhetoric they viewed it as a political battle and 
>they approached it as something they owned, I don't know. 
549But I'm saying that it suggests a model of responsibility rather than of ownersh
>ip. 
550And it seems to me that's one really important thing I'm learning out of your wo
>rk is how to understand those issues. 
551And maybe I should be more specific.
552In terms of the law, one of the ways that institutions determine who they repatr
>iate remains to is they look at the ICC map, which is the Indian Claims Commissi 
>on map, which is a map that is only accurate for certain periods of time and has 
> a lot to do with the political influence and the legal influence of the tribes  
>who took cases before the Indian Claims Commission. 
553For example, the Siouxs have a huge area on the map.
554And if that's the map that they're using, and they go ahead and repatriate to th
>e Siouxs without doing any other further consultation, and it comes up later on  
>that they have more documentation that says that those belong to another tribe o 
>r something like that, it can cause division within the community as well as a h 
>uge public relations problem for the institution. 
555I have a couple of comments.
556I was on the repatriation committee at Berkeley when I was a student there, and 
>it was a war because it was Indian and non-Indian on that committee, and we batt 
>led every meeting. 
557And I have a box full of material that we produced and had to read in addition t
>o all of our classes. 
558So it's not an easy solution.
559And this division, not my tribe in Oklahoma, but the Seminole tribe in Florida, 
>they found some remains in northern Florida by Tampa. 
560And as Seminoles were most likely descendants of those remains, they contacted t
>he tribe and asked them if they wanted to have that. 
561So James Billy, the tribal chairman, went up there and said, yes, I want to take
> this land and turn it into trust land because it's our land. 
562And then he immediately put a bingo parlor there because the land was turned to 
>trust land. 
563Now, that's caused tremendous division in the nation down there.
564And the repercussions are still being felt.
565And some people said, how could he take an area that was sacred and remains?
566I mean, he didn't do it right on the burial ground.
567But certainly, it's very difficult to take land and turn it into trust land, the
> government is very unwilling to do that at this point. 
568And I haven't checked recently because I've been broiled in several nations righ
>t now. 
569But what is happening too is that it's causing division for the people in there 
>who have questions about that. 
570So when I get the paper from down there, they're still asking.
571And James said, I always intended to do this.
572You just didn't understand that this was my idea in the beginning because the ot
>her people are saying, How could you set up a bingo, yet another bingo parlor, e 
>ven though it does bring in tremendous revenues and it's another consistent batt 
>le field. 
573But it isn't a simple answer, and certainly the very fact that the Seminole Nati
>on wasn't even formed until after contact has another ramification in it for tho 
>se people to approve the most likely disbandment. 
574It is problematic.
575Thank you.
576one more comment I also like I said I'm new to Stanford but I also wanted that p
>eople that been invited as part of that group to participate we've only met coup 
>le times and they talked about the only patriots before that that people felt th 
>at way because you know I serve on that committee and I'm the only two of us but 
> the woman's gone but you know I I can only speak for you know what I do but I t 
>hink you know I know about my tribe I think that it's very difficult when you as 
>k. 
577I don't speak, I don't represent the Indian voice of all of you trying to, but c
>ertainly I try to do my best how I can to talk about the sacredness and so forth 
>. 
578That's a big issue for me because I come from a that's very, very traditional.
579A whole lot of these things are sacred.
580And I've seen Victor go.
581When you were reading that article about Kentucky, it was interesting because a 
>couple of years ago, Haymans received a lot of, there were no bones or anything, 
> bodies, but a lot of Smithsonian, a lot of sacred items that had been taken. 
582And the news people in Albuquerque really wanted to come in and document and fil
>m the whole thing. 
583And it was just really crazy.
584But it was the same thing as the Hopi.
585It was our priests and our clan leaders and those people that were involved in t
>his whole thing. 
586and the governor's made an appearance at the airport just to do it quick so the 
>press were here blah blah blah we're going home and that was it we didn't allow  
>anybody back on the reservation and then once we've been on the items were broug 
>ht to the reservation they just brought him into the plaza straight into the cas 
>iqui house and that was it there was no we still don't know to this day what was 
> there but that's not for us to know because our leadership our religious leader 
>s they did the appropriate things when they brought these things on and people y 
>ou know it was like well can you display these and we can take you know when the 
>se people take a picture and we just you know I think was very appropriately don 
>e I don't know what those items are but I don't question it because I know the r 
>ight thing was done from the leadership and everybody's happy. 
587I think that's what's important.
588I'd say we're off to a great start this morning.
589Let's thank Jacob and then we'll...
590Thank you.
591Thank you.
592Thank you.
593Thank you.
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diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/cr433bd9804_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/cr433bd9804_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..732fe56 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/cr433bd9804_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ +WEBVTT + +01:39.000 --> 01:40.400 +Amin. + +02:41.060 --> 02:46.000 +A-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:46.000 --> 02:46.380 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:46.380 --> 02:46.660 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:46.660 --> 02:49.520 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:49.520 --> 02:50.780 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:50.780 --> 02:59.980 +-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:59.980 --> 02:59.980 +-a + +03:12.980 --> 03:16.580 +A C C D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:16.580 --> 03:16.580 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:16.580 --> 03:16.640 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:16.640 --> 03:21.520 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:21.520 --> 03:25.400 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:25.400 --> 03:26.940 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:26.940 --> 03:29.100 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:29.100 --> 03:29.960 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:29.960 --> 03:29.960 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:29.960 --> 03:29.960 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:29.960 --> 03:29.960 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +04:58.540 --> 04:59.940 +© transcript Emily Beynon + +05:45.600 --> 05:59.900 +Sous-titrage ST' 501 + +06:56.500 --> 06:59.940 +Sous-titres par LaVacheSquid + +08:08.860 --> 08:10.740 +I'm going to use the same technique as + +08:10.740 --> 08:10.740 +before. I'm going to use the same + +08:10.740 --> 08:13.240 +technique as before. I'm going to use the + +08:13.240 --> 08:17.720 +same technique as before. I'm going to use + +08:17.720 --> 08:20.520 +the same technique as before. I'm going to + +08:20.520 --> 08:24.520 +use + +08:24.520 --> 08:25.340 +the same technique as before. + +08:41.980 --> 08:42.780 +I'm not sure if you can see it, but I'm + +08:42.780 --> 08:42.780 +going to use the same technique as before. + +08:42.780 --> 08:42.860 +I'm going to use the same technique as + +08:42.860 --> 08:42.900 +before, but I'm going to use the same + +08:42.900 --> 08:42.920 +technique as before. I'm going to use the + +08:42.920 --> 08:42.920 +same technique as before, but I'm going to + +08:42.920 --> 08:44.420 +use the same technique as before. I'm + +08:44.420 --> 08:45.920 +going to use the same technique as before, + +08:47.100 --> 08:48.060 +but I'm going to use the same technique as + +08:48.060 --> 08:49.900 +before. I'm going to use the same + +08:49.900 --> 08:52.240 +technique as before, but I'm going to use + +08:52.240 --> 08:52.260 +the same technique as before. + +10:59.340 --> 11:02.180 +I'm not sure if you can see it, but I'm + +11:02.180 --> 11:04.040 +going to use the same technique as before. + +11:04.040 --> 11:07.220 +I'm going to use the same technique as + +11:07.220 --> 11:07.600 +before, but I'm going to use the same + +11:07.600 --> 11:08.480 +technique as before. I'm going to use the + +11:08.480 --> 11:08.480 +same technique as before, but I'm going to + +11:08.480 --> 11:09.460 +use the same technique as before. I'm + +11:09.460 --> 11:11.120 +going to use the same technique as before, + +11:11.500 --> 11:12.780 +but I'm going to use the same technique as + +11:12.780 --> 11:16.420 +before. I'm going to use + +11:16.420 --> 11:18.340 +the same technique as before, but I'm + +11:18.340 --> 11:19.920 +going to use the same technique as before. + +11:29.580 --> 11:31.440 +I'm not sure if you can see it, but I'm + +11:31.440 --> 11:31.700 +going to use the same technique as before. + +11:31.700 --> 11:32.520 +I'm going to use the same technique as + +11:32.520 --> 11:33.100 +before, but I'm going to use the same + +11:33.100 --> 11:36.160 +technique as before. I'm going to use the + +11:36.160 --> 11:38.060 +same technique as before, but I'm going to + +11:38.060 --> 11:38.240 +use the same technique as before. I'm + +11:38.240 --> 11:38.240 +going to use the same technique as before, + +11:38.240 --> 11:39.920 +but I'm going to use the same technique as + +11:39.920 --> 11:42.700 +before. I'm going to use the same + +11:42.700 --> 11:45.200 +technique as before, but I'm going to use + +11:45.200 --> 11:45.200 +the same technique as before. + +12:59.900 --> 13:04.740 +A-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:04.740 --> 13:05.040 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:05.040 --> 13:05.080 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:05.080 --> 13:05.900 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:05.900 --> 13:08.560 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:08.560 --> 13:13.320 +-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:13.320 --> 13:15.160 +-a + +13:58.200 --> 14:15.140 +Thank you for + +14:15.140 --> 14:21.300 +watching! Sous-titrage Société Radio + +14:21.300 --> 14:21.340 +-Canada + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/cr433bd9804_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/cr433bd9804_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6e0d271 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/cr433bd9804_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ +WEBVTT + +01:39.000 --> 01:40.400 +Amin. + +02:41.060 --> 02:46.000 +A-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:46.000 --> 02:46.380 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:46.380 --> 02:46.660 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:46.660 --> 02:49.520 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:49.520 --> 02:50.780 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:50.780 --> 02:59.980 +-a-a-a-a-a-a + +02:59.980 --> 02:59.980 +-a + +03:12.980 --> 03:16.580 +A C C D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:16.580 --> 03:16.580 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:16.580 --> 03:16.640 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:16.640 --> 03:21.520 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:21.520 --> 03:25.400 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:25.400 --> 03:26.940 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:26.940 --> 03:29.100 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:29.100 --> 03:29.960 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:29.960 --> 03:29.960 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:29.960 --> 03:29.960 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +03:29.960 --> 03:29.960 +D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D + +04:58.540 --> 04:59.940 + + +05:45.600 --> 05:59.900 +Sous-titrage ST' 501 + +06:56.500 --> 06:59.940 +Sous-titres par LaVacheSquid + +08:08.860 --> 08:10.740 +I'm going to use the same technique as + +08:10.740 --> 08:10.740 +before. I'm going to use the same + +08:10.740 --> 08:13.240 +technique as before. I'm going to use the + +08:13.240 --> 08:17.720 +same technique as before. I'm going to use + +08:17.720 --> 08:20.520 +the same technique as before. I'm going to + +08:20.520 --> 08:24.520 +use + +08:24.520 --> 08:25.340 +the same technique as before. + +08:41.980 --> 08:42.780 +I'm not sure if you can see it, but I'm + +08:42.780 --> 08:42.780 +going to use the same technique as before. + +08:42.780 --> 08:42.860 +I'm going to use the same technique as + +08:42.860 --> 08:42.900 +before, but I'm going to use the same + +08:42.900 --> 08:42.920 +technique as before. I'm going to use the + +08:42.920 --> 08:42.920 +same technique as before, but I'm going to + +08:42.920 --> 08:44.420 +use the same technique as before. I'm + +08:44.420 --> 08:45.920 +going to use the same technique as before, + +08:47.100 --> 08:48.060 +but I'm going to use the same technique as + +08:48.060 --> 08:49.900 +before. I'm going to use the same + +08:49.900 --> 08:52.240 +technique as before, but I'm going to use + +08:52.240 --> 08:52.260 +the same technique as before. + +10:59.340 --> 11:02.180 +I'm not sure if you can see it, but I'm + +11:02.180 --> 11:04.040 +going to use the same technique as before. + +11:04.040 --> 11:07.220 +I'm going to use the same technique as + +11:07.220 --> 11:07.600 +before, but I'm going to use the same + +11:07.600 --> 11:08.480 +technique as before. I'm going to use the + +11:08.480 --> 11:08.480 +same technique as before, but I'm going to + +11:08.480 --> 11:09.460 +use the same technique as before. I'm + +11:09.460 --> 11:11.120 +going to use the same technique as before, + +11:11.500 --> 11:12.780 +but I'm going to use the same technique as + +11:12.780 --> 11:16.420 +before. I'm going to use + +11:16.420 --> 11:18.340 +the same technique as before, but I'm + +11:18.340 --> 11:19.920 +going to use the same technique as before. + +11:29.580 --> 11:31.440 +I'm not sure if you can see it, but I'm + +11:31.440 --> 11:31.700 +going to use the same technique as before. + +11:31.700 --> 11:32.520 +I'm going to use the same technique as + +11:32.520 --> 11:33.100 +before, but I'm going to use the same + +11:33.100 --> 11:36.160 +technique as before. I'm going to use the + +11:36.160 --> 11:38.060 +same technique as before, but I'm going to + +11:38.060 --> 11:38.240 +use the same technique as before. I'm + +11:38.240 --> 11:38.240 +going to use the same technique as before, + +11:38.240 --> 11:39.920 +but I'm going to use the same technique as + +11:39.920 --> 11:42.700 +before. I'm going to use the same + +11:42.700 --> 11:45.200 +technique as before, but I'm going to use + +11:45.200 --> 11:45.200 +the same technique as before. + +12:59.900 --> 13:04.740 +A-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:04.740 --> 13:05.040 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:05.040 --> 13:05.080 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:05.080 --> 13:05.900 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:05.900 --> 13:08.560 +-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:08.560 --> 13:13.320 +-a-a-a-a-a-a + +13:13.320 --> 13:15.160 +-a + +13:58.200 --> 14:15.140 +Thank you for + +14:15.140 --> 14:21.300 +watching! Sous-titrage Société Radio + +14:21.300 --> 14:21.340 +-Canada + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/cv116wv5355.json b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/cv116wv5355.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9d0cc03 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/cv116wv5355.json @@ -0,0 +1,272 @@ +{ + "cocinaVersion": "0.99.3", + "type": "https://cocina.sul.stanford.edu/models/media", + "externalIdentifier": "druid:cv116wv5355", + "label": "sncc meeting", + "version": 6, + "access": { + "view": "world", + "download": "world", + "controlledDigitalLending": false + }, + "administrative": { + "hasAdminPolicy": "druid:pp818dw4992" + }, + "description": { + "title": [ + { + "structuredValue": [], + "parallelValue": [], + "groupedValue": [], + "value": "sncc meeting", + "identifier": [], + "note": [], + "appliesTo": [] + } + ], + "contributor": [], + "event": [], + "form": [], + "geographic": [], + "language": [], + "note": [], + "identifier": [], + "subject": [], + "relatedResource": [], + 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name. I'm Lagi Menkare + +00:10.080 --> 00:13.420 +Nasorona. Dendul Lama. Dendul Lama. Thank + +00:13.420 --> 00:16.660 +you. His Holiness the Dalai Lama asked us + +00:16.660 --> 00:19.260 +to record your experiences so that we can + +00:19.260 --> 00:21.600 +share your memories with many generations + +00:21.600 --> 00:24.420 +of Tibetans, the Chinese, and the rest of + +00:24.420 --> 00:26.800 +the world. Your memories will help us to + +00:26.800 --> 00:29.080 +document the true history, culture, and + +00:29.080 --> 00:30.560 +beliefs of the Tibetan people. + +01:01.700 --> 01:04.020 +Do you give permission for the Tibet Oral + +01:04.020 --> 01:05.800 +History Project to use this interview? + +01:15.760 --> 01:19.260 +Thank you very much for offering to share + +01:19.260 --> 01:22.300 +your story with us. During this interview, + +01:22.560 --> 01:25.200 +if at any time you want to take a break or + +01:25.200 --> 01:26.840 +stop, please let us know. + +01:38.720 --> 01:41.540 +And if you do not want to answer a + +01:41.540 --> 01:43.840 +question or talk about something, let us + +01:43.840 --> 01:44.080 +know. + +01:52.200 --> 01:54.840 +If your interview were to be shown in + +01:54.840 --> 01:57.460 +Tibet or China, Would this be a problem + +01:57.460 --> 01:58.020 +for you? + +02:05.680 --> 02:11.120 +There will be no problems. Thank you. And + +02:11.120 --> 02:13.220 +we're very honored to record your story + +02:13.220 --> 02:14.740 +and appreciate very much your + +02:14.740 --> 02:16.000 +participation in the project. + +02:21.740 --> 02:23.520 +How old are you? + +02:27.200 --> 02:27.880 +71. + +02:30.640 --> 02:32.540 +And where are you from in Tibet? + +02:36.360 --> 02:43.760 +So the place + +02:43.760 --> 02:48.380 +where I lived was called La Gong. And in + +02:48.380 --> 02:50.020 +which province was La Gong? + +03:04.660 --> 03:10.660 +I came to Lhasa in 1961-62 when the + +03:10.660 --> 03:12.760 +Chinese created a lot of problems. + +03:15.560 --> 03:18.080 +Where were you born? In which province? + +03:36.980 --> 03:40.900 +So when you came to Lhasa, you were about + +03:40.900 --> 03:41.540 +how old? + +03:57.960 --> 04:02.120 +So I must have been about 36 years old and + +04:02.120 --> 04:04.840 +when I came to Lhasa I had three children + +04:04.840 --> 04:07.820 +with me and then three were born in Lhasa. + +04:07.820 --> 04:08.560 +Okay. + +04:10.820 --> 04:15.660 +So that's been so long ago. In your + +04:15.660 --> 04:18.780 +village, what did your father do? When we + +04:18.780 --> 04:23.040 +ourselves were Jon. We thought to eat it + +04:23.040 --> 04:25.140 +with a spoon. And we ate the soup with + +04:25.140 --> 04:28.240 +that spoon. On that day, the children + +04:28.240 --> 04:33.840 +made, a pot of tea Agricca, which they ate + +04:33.840 --> 04:36.620 +with fish. It burned in the bath. What did + +04:36.620 --> 04:38.600 +they eat with that? They ate with that + +04:38.600 --> 04:44.180 +masks, and put it on the ground, and put + +04:44.180 --> 04:46.180 +it into the buddy egg, because they ate + +04:46.180 --> 04:50.900 +with it, So in those days my father was a + +04:50.900 --> 04:54.020 +farmer working in the commune and then we + +04:54.020 --> 04:58.340 +would dig up medicinal plants called poppy + +04:58.340 --> 05:04.420 +from the ground. So you were in a commune, + +05:04.420 --> 05:06.720 +a Tibetan commune, or was this a Chinese + +05:06.720 --> 05:11.480 +commune? How decrease power the body and + +05:11.480 --> 05:15.480 +mind So clearly the mind and heart is + +05:15.480 --> 05:16.260 +different So when V peak can conclude that + +05:16.260 --> 05:22.420 +After all everything is good This equally + +05:22.420 --> 05:30.500 +increase the way of life Know that can + +05:30.500 --> 05:37.480 +know that That was good Their mind + +05:48.460 --> 05:52.140 +So it was a Tibetan commune run by + +05:52.140 --> 05:56.660 +Chinese, and when the farmers harvested + +05:56.660 --> 06:00.440 +grains and wheat and barley, we would have + +06:00.440 --> 06:03.220 +to give them to the Chinese. So being + +06:03.220 --> 06:05.900 +unable to endure the suffering, my husband + +06:05.900 --> 06:09.320 +and I and children fled. went to Lhasa. + +06:09.500 --> 06:14.520 +Went to Lhasa, right. So what memories do + +06:14.520 --> 06:16.920 +you have of your childhood when you were a + +06:16.920 --> 06:17.440 +little girl? + +06:28.780 --> 06:33.360 +What should I say + +06:33.360 --> 06:34.260 +about when I was little? + +06:46.440 --> 06:50.920 +I have no memories of my younger days. + +06:51.640 --> 06:56.900 +What did your mother do? Are the Evökan + +06:56.900 --> 06:58.240 +people, who lived during Ruanduna + +06:58.240 --> 07:01.680 +boundaries and years old? Yes, some of + +07:01.680 --> 07:06.300 +them, who were born in theisk of the + +07:06.300 --> 07:07.420 +Pekdaya people, Por accounting for their + +07:07.420 --> 07:10.920 +responsabilies in the past, After the old + +07:10.920 --> 07:12.600 +age, the families came back to work to pay + +07:12.600 --> 07:15.000 +our rent, + +07:29.840 --> 07:41.220 +So in the + +07:41.220 --> 07:44.480 +commune, she was, she had the task of + +07:44.480 --> 07:48.400 +milking, and then also carrying hay on the + +07:48.400 --> 07:51.500 +back to be spread under the horses and + +07:51.500 --> 07:54.960 +mules. And then after we escaped, I had no + +07:54.960 --> 07:59.140 +idea about them, but I think they have all + +07:59.140 --> 08:03.300 +passed away now. So did you help your + +08:03.300 --> 08:05.420 +mother or your father with their work on + +08:05.420 --> 08:09.720 +the commune? Yes. When did you start + +08:09.720 --> 08:12.360 +working on the commune? + +08:25.880 --> 08:26.480 +No, + +08:30.120 --> 08:33.000 +because I had little children then, and so + +08:33.000 --> 08:35.180 +instead of helping them, I needed their + +08:35.180 --> 08:35.660 +help. + +08:38.300 --> 08:40.740 +How old were you when you had your first + +08:40.740 --> 08:44.280 +child? Amala, puku tangbo dikye di + +08:44.280 --> 08:48.260 +lokhajire? Puku tangbo shere la. Takonjo + +08:48.260 --> 08:50.300 +shere lokhajire. Nga zon de de lokhajire. + +08:50.820 --> 09:05.880 +Nga zon de de lokhajire. So we + +09:05.880 --> 09:09.060 +don't normally calculate our years and + +09:09.060 --> 09:11.960 +ages. So it was like, you know, animals + +09:11.960 --> 09:14.780 +giving birth. Likewise, we too gave birth + +09:14.780 --> 09:18.960 +to our children. Do your children live + +09:18.960 --> 09:19.500 +with you now? + +09:26.940 --> 09:31.280 +No, not together. I have three children, + +09:31.400 --> 09:35.100 +and I had my children in the hospital. Can + +09:35.100 --> 09:37.620 +you tell us about your experiences giving + +09:37.620 --> 09:41.140 +birth to children? So, Marwa, you are a + +09:41.140 --> 09:43.760 +very good teacher. You have taught us a + +09:43.760 --> 09:47.180 +lot of things. So, what do you think about + +09:47.180 --> 09:50.840 +teaching us how to be a good teacher? I + +09:50.840 --> 09:53.820 +don't know how to teach. I have been + +09:53.820 --> 09:56.760 +teaching since I was a child. I have been + +09:56.760 --> 09:58.760 +teaching since I was a child. I don't know + +09:58.760 --> 10:02.720 +how to teach. I don't know how to teach. I + +10:02.720 --> 10:04.660 +don't know how to teach. I don't know how + +10:04.660 --> 10:05.000 +to teach. + +10:14.620 --> 10:20.880 +So I didn't give + +10:20.880 --> 10:26.060 +birth + +10:26.060 --> 10:29.460 +in hospitals and it was my husband that + +10:29.460 --> 10:34.940 +helped me during the childbirth. and it + +10:34.940 --> 10:38.320 +is only my daughter that was born in + +10:38.320 --> 10:40.740 +hospital and I couldn't give birth to her + +10:40.740 --> 10:43.220 +and all my other children including the + +10:43.220 --> 10:47.660 +twins were not born in hospital. How did + +10:47.660 --> 10:48.740 +your husband help you? + +11:01.160 --> 11:02.940 +I was a little girl, and I was a little + +11:02.940 --> 11:07.000 +girl. I was a little girl, and I was a + +11:07.000 --> 11:10.140 +little girl. I was a little girl, and I + +11:10.140 --> 11:11.280 +was a little girl. I was a little girl, + +11:11.280 --> 11:13.540 +and I was a little girl. I was a little + +11:13.540 --> 11:17.380 +girl, and I was a little girl. I was a + +11:17.380 --> 11:20.680 +little girl, and I was a little girl. I + +11:20.680 --> 11:21.500 +was a little girl, and I was a little + +11:21.500 --> 11:21.780 +girl. + +11:39.560 --> 11:44.720 +So when the first of the twins was born, I + +11:44.720 --> 11:48.480 +was on my knees and my husband, he took + +11:48.480 --> 11:50.780 +the child wrapped it in cloth and laid it + +11:50.780 --> 11:54.220 +on the bed and then I went out to answer + +11:54.220 --> 11:57.140 +nature's call and then I could feel that + +11:57.140 --> 12:00.900 +there was another child in me and so I + +12:00.900 --> 12:03.800 +told my husband that there is one more + +12:03.800 --> 12:07.040 +child and he said it can't be but then I + +12:07.040 --> 12:09.420 +said there is one more and then the other + +12:09.420 --> 12:12.720 +one was born and while breastfeeding I had + +12:12.720 --> 12:15.440 +to feed one child here and one child here + +12:15.440 --> 12:17.900 +and it was same when I was feeding them + +12:17.900 --> 12:21.540 +food later. At the same time, feeding them + +12:21.540 --> 12:23.740 +one here, one here? At the same time. + +12:23.920 --> 12:26.020 +Thujujjipa le chikla omadetje, chikla + +12:26.020 --> 12:29.200 +omadetje, roa? Nyaka tew. Nyaka ngode. + +12:29.380 --> 12:32.620 +Ngode nyaka sumte omadetje. Yes, because + +12:32.620 --> 12:35.360 +both cried at the same time. Cried, cried. + +12:36.420 --> 12:38.760 +And were all your children healthy when + +12:38.760 --> 12:41.200 +they were born? Amla, puku ketiw ka ne + +12:41.200 --> 12:42.480 +puku tsangma tangpo duwe? + +12:46.000 --> 12:47.600 +Khunpa kept on watching the holy ones also + +12:47.600 --> 12:52.180 +when he was praying, but the ladiesarmy + +12:52.180 --> 12:53.740 +joining them also didn't want him + +12:53.740 --> 12:54.240 +anything. + +12:58.860 --> 13:02.060 +Khunpa kept on watching and touching theتي + +13:02.060 --> 13:02.240 +places. + +13:14.880 --> 13:20.120 +So the second of the twins was born leg + +13:20.120 --> 13:23.300 +first, and I thought it was a headless + +13:23.300 --> 13:27.120 +child. And then my husband pulled it out, + +13:27.220 --> 13:30.220 +and there was no crying, so I thought it + +13:30.220 --> 13:32.640 +wasn't alive. and when I touched the leg + +13:32.640 --> 13:35.300 +it was warm and then my husband cleaned it + +13:35.300 --> 13:39.820 +up. How did you feel? Can you remember + +13:39.820 --> 13:40.720 +your emotions? + +14:00.820 --> 14:04.820 +I was very young. I was very young. + +14:06.780 --> 14:10.900 +I was very young. I was very young. I was + +14:10.900 --> 14:13.260 +very young. I was very young. I was very + +14:13.260 --> 14:15.040 +young. I was very young. I was very young. + +14:15.040 --> 14:18.380 +I was very young. I was very young. I was + +14:18.380 --> 14:19.580 +very young. + +14:23.340 --> 14:25.200 +I was very young. + +14:36.080 --> 14:38.980 +So the twins, you know, if one child got + +14:38.980 --> 14:41.400 +sick around 12 o'clock, the other would + +14:41.400 --> 14:45.080 +become sick at 3 p.m. So both had to be + +14:45.080 --> 14:48.000 +carried to the hospital in Pasa, and it + +14:48.000 --> 14:50.040 +was very difficult. And then later my + +14:50.040 --> 14:52.660 +husband found work at a construction site, + +14:52.660 --> 14:57.020 +and I could also find work but I couldn't + +14:57.020 --> 15:01.180 +do much as I was sick most of the time. So + +15:01.180 --> 15:03.360 +when you were sick, who took care of your + +15:03.360 --> 15:03.800 +children? + +15:22.660 --> 15:24.660 +There wasn't anyone else to take care of + +15:24.660 --> 15:27.280 +them. I had to, and then when my husband + +15:27.280 --> 15:29.760 +returned from work, then we took care of + +15:29.760 --> 15:33.120 +them together. Right. So when you lived in + +15:33.120 --> 15:37.360 +Lhasa, did you have family who also lived + +15:37.360 --> 15:40.700 +in Lhasa or lived near you? We didn't have + +15:40.700 --> 15:43.980 +any relatives. We didn't have any + +15:43.980 --> 15:46.200 +relatives. We didn't have any relatives. + +15:46.300 --> 15:50.460 +We didn't have any relatives. No, both of + +15:50.460 --> 15:52.980 +us didn't have any relatives. it is. So + +15:52.980 --> 15:58.580 +you said that you went to Lhasa and you + +15:58.580 --> 16:02.420 +had three children. What made your family + +16:02.420 --> 16:03.260 +go to Lhasa? + +16:44.560 --> 16:49.140 +So we had to leave our hometown because we + +16:49.140 --> 16:51.680 +couldn't survive there. there, there was + +16:51.680 --> 16:54.660 +lack of food because if you couldn't work + +16:54.660 --> 16:57.740 +hard, there was no grains for you, and + +16:57.740 --> 17:00.960 +then since we had many children, both of + +17:00.960 --> 17:04.200 +us couldn't survive there and that's why + +17:04.200 --> 17:06.680 +my husband suggested that we go to Lhasa. + +17:08.060 --> 17:12.460 +Why wasn't there enough food? And Magali, + +17:12.580 --> 17:16.960 +how do you do the work? We do it by hand. + +17:20.460 --> 17:25.140 +We do it by hand. We do it by hand. We do + +17:25.140 --> 17:27.620 +it by hand. We do it by hand. + +17:36.080 --> 17:39.860 +So in the commune system, you know, if you + +17:39.860 --> 17:44.220 +could work, the officials gave you marks, + +17:44.500 --> 17:46.940 +and if you didn't, you know, there was no + +17:46.940 --> 17:48.940 +marks, which meant that you got no grains. + +17:50.680 --> 17:56.360 +But you worked, didn't you? Did you eat + +17:56.360 --> 17:56.420 +anything? + +18:01.880 --> 18:02.920 +We did, + +18:07.040 --> 18:09.720 +but there was nothing to eat, so we left. + +18:10.660 --> 18:12.640 +Was it because you had so many children + +18:12.640 --> 18:14.560 +that what you were allowed, what you were + +18:14.560 --> 18:15.700 +allocated wasn't enough? + +18:30.400 --> 18:32.600 +bombalo I was able to get a lot of money + +18:32.600 --> 18:36.160 +from the government. I was able to get a + +18:36.160 --> 18:38.080 +lot of money from the government. I was + +18:38.080 --> 18:41.420 +able to get a lot of money from the + +18:41.420 --> 18:43.340 +government. Yeah, + +18:48.640 --> 18:51.720 +the allocation wasn't sufficient. And then + +18:51.720 --> 18:54.420 +when we were in Lhasa, a friend of my + +18:54.420 --> 18:58.220 +husband suggested that, that since we had + +18:58.220 --> 19:01.680 +many children, that if we went to Nepal, + +19:01.860 --> 19:03.280 +it would be a better life for the + +19:03.280 --> 19:06.240 +children. So that's why we came to Nepal. + +19:08.100 --> 19:11.880 +Right. We'll come back to Nepal in a + +19:11.880 --> 19:14.620 +minute, but I was wondering in what ways + +19:14.620 --> 19:19.220 +was life in Lhasa different from life in + +19:19.220 --> 19:20.120 +the village? + +19:25.960 --> 19:26.660 +The + +20:28.560 --> 20:32.520 +So it was better in Lhasa because my + +20:32.520 --> 20:34.880 +husband was engaged in the construction + +20:34.880 --> 20:37.780 +work and then friends and other people, + +20:37.880 --> 20:39.880 +they used to give us little bags of + +20:39.880 --> 20:43.340 +Sambar. Were there other ways in which + +20:43.340 --> 20:45.240 +your life in Lhasa was different from the + +20:45.240 --> 20:48.480 +village? You had more food, but were there + +20:48.480 --> 20:49.860 +other ways in which your life was + +20:49.860 --> 20:50.260 +different? + +21:02.600 --> 21:04.680 +I don't know, I can't say. + +21:08.280 --> 21:13.220 +So I have only so much to say. Right. So + +21:13.220 --> 21:17.800 +your family decided to come to Nepal. Can + +21:17.800 --> 21:20.900 +you tell us the story of coming to Nepal? + +21:47.000 --> 21:49.380 +But this new heart's embedded in her + +21:49.380 --> 21:57.880 +stomach and made of bamboo. and she + +21:57.880 --> 22:04.300 +was anywhere from 58 + +22:04.300 --> 22:08.660 +to + +22:08.660 --> 22:14.140 +900 years old. It was a land state of five + +22:14.140 --> 22:14.140 +countries, + +22:42.720 --> 22:44.120 +added + +23:06.560 --> 23:10.760 +So from Lhasa there were times when we + +23:10.760 --> 23:14.360 +were on foot, and at times for an hour or + +23:14.360 --> 23:17.300 +two we would ply by vehicles but since we + +23:17.300 --> 23:20.500 +didn't have money to pay we couldn't get + +23:20.500 --> 23:23.940 +vehicles right through and it was from the + +23:23.940 --> 23:27.340 +border area of Tengri and Tamo that we + +23:27.340 --> 23:31.780 +came to Nepal and we were with quite a + +23:31.780 --> 23:34.260 +number of little children and my husband + +23:34.260 --> 23:37.920 +was carrying one of the twins over his his + +23:37.920 --> 23:40.660 +neck and the oldest son was carrying one + +23:40.660 --> 23:44.920 +of the other twins and the pathway was + +23:44.920 --> 23:47.500 +filled with snow and there were some + +23:47.500 --> 23:49.920 +Chinese people along the way that stopped + +23:49.920 --> 23:52.580 +us but since we were with little children + +23:52.580 --> 23:55.500 +they allowed us to go and in fact there + +23:55.500 --> 23:58.060 +were two girls that commented that the + +23:58.060 --> 24:01.400 +twins were very beautiful and then thanks + +24:01.400 --> 24:03.640 +thanks to the grace of his holiness we + +24:03.640 --> 24:07.920 +were able to escape safely How long did it + +24:07.920 --> 24:10.920 +take you to come from Lhasa to Nepal? + +24:30.880 --> 24:34.120 +So it might have taken about half a month, + +24:34.300 --> 24:36.760 +because at times we were walking and at + +24:36.760 --> 24:39.280 +times we could get lift in some vehicles. + +24:40.180 --> 24:42.440 +So what did you take with you when you + +24:42.440 --> 24:43.500 +left Tibet? + +25:20.040 --> 25:23.540 +So we had brought nothing except our + +25:23.540 --> 25:27.440 +blankets and a little bit of Tsampa. And + +25:27.440 --> 25:30.580 +when we reached Nepal, my husband had + +25:30.580 --> 25:33.300 +friends to whom we sent message, and they + +25:33.300 --> 25:36.120 +came to fetch us at the reception + +25:36.120 --> 25:40.700 +committee office. And did you have enough + +25:40.700 --> 25:43.840 +food, enough sampa, for your whole family + +25:43.840 --> 25:45.620 +to go for these two weeks? + +26:09.600 --> 26:13.480 +There was 200,000 Royal doctor! The police + +26:13.480 --> 26:16.720 +need to come immediately The police has + +26:16.720 --> 26:17.780 +come and arrested a woman I leave her ... + +26:19.860 --> 26:22.720 +She is bedridden I need to take her to the + +26:22.720 --> 26:34.580 +police Pleasechen But I do not want toatar + +26:34.580 --> 26:36.360 +I was a little girl, and I was a little + +26:36.360 --> 26:39.380 +girl. I was a little girl, and I was a + +26:39.380 --> 26:43.380 +little girl. I was a little girl, and I + +26:43.380 --> 26:46.460 +was a little girl. I was a little girl, + +26:46.820 --> 26:49.860 +and I was a little girl. I was a little + +26:49.860 --> 26:50.840 +girl, and I was a little girl. I was a + +26:50.840 --> 26:51.300 +little girl, and I was a little girl. I + +26:51.300 --> 26:53.160 +was a little girl, and I was a little + +26:53.160 --> 26:56.640 +girl. I was a little girl, and I was a + +26:56.640 --> 26:59.620 +little girl. I was a little girl, and I + +26:59.620 --> 27:02.360 +was a little girl. + +27:25.360 --> 27:28.300 +So we had, yes, a little bit of tsampa, + +27:28.520 --> 27:30.780 +and I used to feed the children in + +27:30.780 --> 27:33.700 +spoonfuls, which they used to gulp and + +27:33.700 --> 27:37.000 +then we were able to you know cross over a + +27:37.000 --> 27:39.560 +mountain and there was a river and nearby + +27:39.560 --> 27:42.860 +we found some Nepalese police and we were + +27:42.860 --> 27:46.600 +really very scared and I told my husband + +27:46.600 --> 27:49.580 +you know will they not kill us now and + +27:49.580 --> 27:52.500 +then we met some merchants who said that + +27:52.500 --> 27:55.280 +now you need have no fear because you will + +27:55.280 --> 27:58.160 +you are in Nepalese territory and you will + +27:58.160 --> 28:01.000 +no longer fall into Chinese hands But + +28:01.000 --> 28:04.660 +still they were very scared. And then we + +28:04.660 --> 28:09.080 +saw some Nepali road crew and they were + +28:09.080 --> 28:13.520 +living in little tents. And so we entered + +28:13.520 --> 28:15.560 +one of the tents and they gave us hot + +28:15.560 --> 28:20.480 +water and I made little balls of dough + +28:20.480 --> 28:23.120 +with the Sampa and hot water and fed my + +28:23.120 --> 28:26.280 +children. And then we went to Dharamsala + +28:26.280 --> 28:28.800 +and we were very happy to see His Holiness + +28:28.800 --> 28:35.840 +the Dalai So you arrived in Nepal and then + +28:35.840 --> 28:38.780 +how did you get to Dharamsala? + +28:48.240 --> 28:53.080 +The reception committee there dropped us + +28:53.080 --> 28:57.740 +to Dharamsala. I want to go back to make + +28:57.740 --> 29:00.460 +sure I've understood something. So your + +29:00.460 --> 29:03.940 +decision to leave Nepal, I mean to leave + +29:03.940 --> 29:08.280 +Tibet, was because of hunger? What was the + +29:08.280 --> 29:10.400 +reason why you left Tibet? Tibet. + +29:59.360 --> 30:03.720 +So the reason + +30:03.720 --> 30:07.320 +why we left our hometown forvariy was the + +30:07.320 --> 30:10.800 +lack of food and livelihood and hasa was + +30:10.800 --> 30:14.320 +better and then in the hometown but Our + +30:14.320 --> 30:16.760 +children were not getting any education in + +30:16.760 --> 30:19.480 +hasa so and we were told that if we went + +30:19.480 --> 30:22.020 +to Nepal We would be able to admit our + +30:22.020 --> 30:24.460 +children into school. So for the sake of + +30:24.460 --> 30:29.840 +our children So you + +30:29.840 --> 30:34.420 +lived in Tibet when the Chinese were there + +30:34.420 --> 30:37.720 +How is life like for you under the + +30:37.720 --> 30:38.040 +Chinese? + +31:04.420 --> 31:07.840 +So I do not have much knowledge. That's + +31:07.840 --> 31:11.080 +between in the offices, that happens, and + +31:11.080 --> 31:15.820 +my job was just doing my work. And your + +31:15.820 --> 31:17.820 +work was what? What was your work? + +31:41.580 --> 31:46.460 +So our responsibility was harvesting the + +31:46.460 --> 31:51.520 +parni and then de-husking them in a large + +31:51.520 --> 31:55.300 +open ground during the commune, but I have + +31:55.300 --> 31:58.280 +forgotten much of it. What about in Lhasa? + +31:58.440 --> 32:05.440 +What was your work in Lhasa? So, it's + +32:05.440 --> 32:26.740 +like + +32:26.740 --> 32:28.160 +what I told you earlier, here, + +32:28.220 --> 32:31.040 +constructing houses, digging the ground, + +32:31.260 --> 32:33.740 +laying the bricks, and building as it + +32:33.740 --> 32:37.140 +happens here. You did that? Amla adina la + +32:37.140 --> 32:39.300 +lera chey na, kama basura dwe adina la? + +32:39.680 --> 32:43.340 +Nga lera ka zote me na, nade. Lera ka zote + +32:43.340 --> 32:47.120 +me. No, I couldn't go to work because I + +32:47.120 --> 32:53.000 +was sick. Right. Okay. Did you have any + +32:53.000 --> 32:55.920 +interactions with Chinese people? + +33:05.920 --> 33:06.640 +No. + +33:09.480 --> 33:12.660 +So did life change for you when the + +33:12.660 --> 33:14.920 +Chinese came to Tibet? + +33:20.520 --> 33:21.920 +Yes, + +33:43.780 --> 33:49.000 +in In 1961-62, by then the Chinese had + +33:49.000 --> 33:51.900 +already launched the liberation. And at + +33:51.900 --> 33:54.160 +that time, when my husband and I escaped, + +33:55.200 --> 33:59.580 +there wasn't many people escaping then, + +33:59.800 --> 34:02.520 +but later on, more and more people started + +34:02.520 --> 34:09.160 +coming. And what happened then? We were in + +34:09.160 --> 34:12.860 +the same house. You mean the same house? + +34:12.920 --> 34:13.140 +No. + +34:37.360 --> 34:40.120 +Once we were at the reception center here + +34:40.120 --> 34:42.920 +and then we were sent to see His Holiness + +34:42.920 --> 34:45.360 +the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala and then the + +34:45.360 --> 34:47.640 +children were put in school and then my + +34:47.640 --> 34:50.700 +husband and I we were sent to a factory in + +34:50.700 --> 34:53.740 +Dalahousey in Himachal Pradesh and then + +34:53.740 --> 34:56.460 +there was no problem at all. Was your + +34:56.460 --> 34:58.980 +husband affected at all by the Chinese + +34:58.980 --> 34:59.500 +occupation? + +35:12.920 --> 35:15.160 +he starts to crochet some 다른loeWhen he + +35:15.160 --> 35:29.940 +designing this Let me see that's the + +35:29.940 --> 35:42.000 +kurva + +35:42.000 --> 35:47.420 +worker in Pasar and he was you know laying + +35:47.420 --> 35:50.040 +the iron rods for the construction and + +35:50.040 --> 35:52.960 +then after coming into India then he + +35:52.960 --> 35:57.060 +worked as a embosser of handmade carpets. + +35:58.600 --> 36:01.180 +Right at the beginning you mentioned that + +36:01.180 --> 36:04.420 +most of your children except for your last + +36:04.420 --> 36:08.580 +child were born at home but one child was + +36:08.580 --> 36:11.720 +born in the hospital. Why was that child + +36:11.720 --> 36:13.600 +born in the hospital? What caused you to + +36:13.600 --> 36:15.400 +take that, you know, go to the hospital + +36:15.400 --> 36:15.840 +for that? + +36:40.240 --> 36:43.960 +So I was having labor pains but could not + +36:43.960 --> 36:46.420 +give birth so that's why I went to the + +36:46.420 --> 36:50.100 +hospital. And your baby was safe? Now you + +36:50.100 --> 36:51.220 +know you have to carry on the + +36:51.220 --> 36:53.220 +discipleship. Yes. We are going to keep + +36:53.220 --> 36:57.220 +going because we are already deeply in + +36:57.220 --> 36:57.220 +love with you. + +37:00.840 --> 37:07.060 +Just in time, I will be if I have the + +37:07.060 --> 37:10.540 +sense of you coming into housing, as you + +37:10.540 --> 37:11.060 +can see + +37:35.800 --> 37:38.340 +Yes, the last child was born in hospital + +37:38.340 --> 37:42.460 +after five or six days. actually the labor + +37:42.460 --> 37:45.420 +pains had started and the child wasn't + +37:45.420 --> 37:48.440 +born so the nurse told me that I would + +37:48.440 --> 37:50.420 +have to stay in hospital for a few days + +37:50.420 --> 37:53.020 +because it was a big child but I didn't + +37:53.020 --> 37:55.600 +want to stay and wanted to go back home + +37:55.600 --> 37:59.100 +and my husband said that you know I + +37:59.100 --> 38:01.560 +wouldn't take me home saying that you know + +38:01.560 --> 38:04.200 +if we went back home that child and I + +38:04.200 --> 38:08.900 +would die. Is there anything else that you + +38:08.900 --> 38:10.640 +would like to share with us about your + +38:10.640 --> 38:13.120 +life in Tibet? . + +38:18.060 --> 38:19.160 +That's about it. + +38:22.260 --> 38:27.580 +Thank you. If this interview were shown in + +38:27.580 --> 38:30.320 +Tibet or China, would it be a problem for + +38:30.320 --> 38:32.280 +you? . + +38:42.840 --> 38:48.680 +I don't know + +38:48.680 --> 38:51.400 +whether there will be any problems or no + +38:51.400 --> 38:54.200 +problems. Is it okay if we use your real + +38:54.200 --> 38:58.460 +name? I think that's a good thing. I think + +38:58.460 --> 39:00.980 +that's a good thing. I think that's a good + +39:00.980 --> 39:05.380 +thing. Yes, it is. If I had a child, I + +39:05.380 --> 39:10.700 +would have a child. Yes, but then if the + +39:10.700 --> 39:12.700 +Chinese come and investigate, they may + +39:12.700 --> 39:16.080 +take me away. Thank you very much for + +39:16.080 --> 39:17.500 +sharing your story with us. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/dd704pb2854_6N_Dhondup_Lhamo_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/dd704pb2854_6N_Dhondup_Lhamo_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b23d0a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/dd704pb2854_6N_Dhondup_Lhamo_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1382 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:06.780 --> 00:10.080 +Please tell us your name. I'm Lagi Menkare + +00:10.080 --> 00:13.420 +Nasorona. Dendul Lama. Dendul Lama. Thank + +00:13.420 --> 00:16.660 +you. His Holiness the Dalai Lama asked us + +00:16.660 --> 00:19.260 +to record your experiences so that we can + +00:19.260 --> 00:21.600 +share your memories with many generations + +00:21.600 --> 00:24.420 +of Tibetans, the Chinese, and the rest of + +00:24.420 --> 00:26.800 +the world. Your memories will help us to + +00:26.800 --> 00:29.080 +document the true history, culture, and + +00:29.080 --> 00:30.560 +beliefs of the Tibetan people. + +01:01.700 --> 01:04.020 +Do you give permission for the Tibet Oral + +01:04.020 --> 01:05.800 +History Project to use this interview? + +01:15.760 --> 01:19.260 +Thank you very much for offering to share + +01:19.260 --> 01:22.300 +your story with us. During this interview, + +01:22.560 --> 01:25.200 +if at any time you want to take a break or + +01:25.200 --> 01:26.840 +stop, please let us know. + +01:38.720 --> 01:41.540 +And if you do not want to answer a + +01:41.540 --> 01:43.840 +question or talk about something, let us + +01:43.840 --> 01:44.080 +know. + +01:52.200 --> 01:54.840 +If your interview were to be shown in + +01:54.840 --> 01:57.460 +Tibet or China, Would this be a problem + +01:57.460 --> 01:58.020 +for you? + +02:05.680 --> 02:11.120 +There will be no problems. Thank you. And + +02:11.120 --> 02:13.220 +we're very honored to record your story + +02:13.220 --> 02:14.740 +and appreciate very much your + +02:14.740 --> 02:16.000 +participation in the project. + +02:21.740 --> 02:23.520 +How old are you? + +02:27.200 --> 02:27.880 +71. + +02:30.640 --> 02:32.540 +And where are you from in Tibet? + +02:36.360 --> 02:43.760 +So the place + +02:43.760 --> 02:48.380 +where I lived was called La Gong. And in + +02:48.380 --> 02:50.020 +which province was La Gong? + +03:04.660 --> 03:10.660 +I came to Lhasa in 1961-62 when the + +03:10.660 --> 03:12.760 +Chinese created a lot of problems. + +03:15.560 --> 03:18.080 +Where were you born? In which province? + +03:36.980 --> 03:40.900 +So when you came to Lhasa, you were about + +03:40.900 --> 03:41.540 +how old? + +03:57.960 --> 04:02.120 +So I must have been about 36 years old and + +04:02.120 --> 04:04.840 +when I came to Lhasa I had three children + +04:04.840 --> 04:07.820 +with me and then three were born in Lhasa. + +04:07.820 --> 04:08.560 +Okay. + +04:10.820 --> 04:15.660 +So that's been so long ago. In your + +04:15.660 --> 04:18.880 +village, what did your father do? We are + +04:18.880 --> 04:21.220 +going to the forest to collect the + +04:21.220 --> 04:22.980 +firewood. What are we going to do with the + +04:22.980 --> 04:29.540 +firewood? We will take it to the forest + +04:29.540 --> 04:35.100 +and we will dig a hole in the ground. We + +04:35.100 --> 04:37.660 +will dig a hole. What is the hole? The + +04:37.660 --> 04:40.680 +hole is the hole. The hole? + +04:46.600 --> 04:51.320 +So in those days my father was a farmer + +04:51.320 --> 04:54.500 +working in the commune and then we would + +04:54.500 --> 04:59.080 +dig up medicinal plants called poppy from + +04:59.080 --> 05:04.560 +the ground. So you were in a commune, a + +05:04.560 --> 05:06.700 +Tibetan commune, or was this a Chinese + +05:06.700 --> 05:10.080 +commune? But George 2013 especialmente té + +05:10.080 --> 05:15.120 +into + +05:15.120 --> 05:32.720 +the + +05:32.720 --> 05:35.420 +Then they would go to the fields and pick + +05:35.420 --> 05:38.300 +the seeds. And then they would go to the + +05:38.300 --> 05:40.660 +fields and pick the seeds. And then they + +05:40.660 --> 05:42.940 +would go to the fields and pick the seeds. + +05:48.360 --> 05:52.120 +So it was a Tibetan commune run by + +05:52.120 --> 05:55.900 +Chinese. And the farmers harvested, when + +05:55.900 --> 05:58.780 +the farmers harvested grains and wheat and + +05:58.780 --> 06:01.780 +barley, we would have to give them to the + +06:01.780 --> 06:04.520 +Chinese so being unable to endure the + +06:04.520 --> 06:06.780 +suffering my husband and I and children + +06:06.780 --> 06:09.860 +fled or went to went to Lhasa. Went to + +06:09.860 --> 06:14.940 +Lhasa, right. So what memories do you have + +06:14.940 --> 06:17.100 +of your childhood when you were a little + +06:17.100 --> 06:17.440 +girl? + +06:32.120 --> 06:34.560 +What should I say about when I was little? + +06:46.620 --> 06:50.920 +I have no memories of my younger days. + +06:51.680 --> 06:55.920 +Okay. What did your mother do? What about + +06:55.920 --> 06:59.120 +your zaczyan and located making? In my + +06:59.120 --> 07:03.460 +province, my daughter was using literally + +07:03.460 --> 07:08.780 +cotton and I just put some on and but her + +07:08.780 --> 07:10.820 +Zhaozi is not doing Полной oluyorly. So, i + +07:10.820 --> 07:13.860 +see that she remembered, but she doesn't + +07:13.860 --> 07:18.280 +like it, so, as i said before she needs + +07:18.280 --> 07:19.320 +солн calves + +07:36.660 --> 07:41.240 +So in the + +07:41.240 --> 07:44.460 +commune she was, she had the task of + +07:44.460 --> 07:47.100 +milking and then also you know carrying + +07:47.100 --> 07:50.840 +hay on the back to be spread under the + +07:50.840 --> 07:53.820 +horses and mules. And then after we + +07:53.820 --> 07:57.520 +escaped, I had no idea about them, but I + +07:57.520 --> 08:02.340 +think they have all passed away now. So + +08:02.340 --> 08:04.600 +did you help your mother or your father + +08:04.600 --> 08:05.880 +with their work on the commune? + +08:28.740 --> 08:32.200 +No, because I had little children then, + +08:32.420 --> 08:34.920 +and so instead of helping them, I needed + +08:34.920 --> 08:35.660 +their help. + +08:38.300 --> 08:40.760 +How old were you when you had your first + +08:40.760 --> 08:41.100 +child? + +09:03.800 --> 09:08.800 +So we don't normally calculate our years + +09:08.800 --> 09:11.480 +and ages. So it was like, you know, + +09:11.520 --> 09:14.100 +animals giving birth. Likewise, we too + +09:14.100 --> 09:18.440 +gave birth to our children. Do your + +09:18.440 --> 09:19.500 +children live with you now? + +09:26.940 --> 09:31.280 +No, not together. I have three children, + +09:31.400 --> 09:35.100 +and I had my children in the hospital. Can + +09:35.100 --> 09:37.620 +you tell us about your experiences giving + +09:37.620 --> 09:41.140 +birth to children? So, Marwa, you are a + +09:41.140 --> 09:43.760 +very good teacher. You have taught us a + +09:43.760 --> 09:47.180 +lot of things. So, what do you think about + +09:47.180 --> 09:50.840 +teaching us how to be a good teacher? I + +09:50.840 --> 09:53.820 +don't know how to teach. I have been + +09:53.820 --> 09:56.760 +teaching since I was a child. I have been + +09:56.760 --> 09:58.760 +teaching since I was a child. I don't know + +09:58.760 --> 10:02.720 +how to teach. I don't know how to teach. I + +10:02.720 --> 10:04.660 +don't know how to teach. I don't know how + +10:04.660 --> 10:05.000 +to teach. + +10:14.620 --> 10:20.880 +So I didn't give + +10:20.880 --> 10:26.060 +birth + +10:26.060 --> 10:29.460 +in hospitals and it was my husband that + +10:29.460 --> 10:34.940 +helped me during the childbirth. and it + +10:34.940 --> 10:38.320 +is only my daughter that was born in + +10:38.320 --> 10:40.740 +hospital and I couldn't give birth to her + +10:40.740 --> 10:43.220 +and all my other children including the + +10:43.220 --> 10:47.660 +twins were not born in hospital. How did + +10:47.660 --> 10:48.740 +your husband help you? + +11:01.160 --> 11:02.940 +I was a little girl, and I was a little + +11:02.940 --> 11:07.000 +girl. I was a little girl, and I was a + +11:07.000 --> 11:10.140 +little girl. I was a little girl, and I + +11:10.140 --> 11:11.280 +was a little girl. I was a little girl, + +11:11.280 --> 11:13.540 +and I was a little girl. I was a little + +11:13.540 --> 11:17.380 +girl, and I was a little girl. I was a + +11:17.380 --> 11:20.680 +little girl, and I was a little girl. I + +11:20.680 --> 11:21.500 +was a little girl, and I was a little + +11:21.500 --> 11:21.780 +girl. + +11:39.560 --> 11:44.720 +So when the first of the twins was born, I + +11:44.720 --> 11:48.480 +was on my knees and my husband, he took + +11:48.480 --> 11:50.780 +the child wrapped it in cloth and laid it + +11:50.780 --> 11:54.220 +on the bed and then I went out to answer + +11:54.220 --> 11:57.140 +nature's call and then I could feel that + +11:57.140 --> 12:00.900 +there was another child in me and so I + +12:00.900 --> 12:03.800 +told my husband that there is one more + +12:03.800 --> 12:07.040 +child and he said it can't be but then I + +12:07.040 --> 12:09.420 +said there is one more and then the other + +12:09.420 --> 12:12.720 +one was born and while breastfeeding I had + +12:12.720 --> 12:15.440 +to feed one child here and one child here + +12:15.440 --> 12:17.900 +and it was same when I was feeding them + +12:17.900 --> 12:21.540 +food later. At the same time, feeding them + +12:21.540 --> 12:23.740 +one here, one here? At the same time. + +12:23.920 --> 12:26.020 +Thujujjipa le chikla omadetje, chikla + +12:26.020 --> 12:29.200 +omadetje, roa? Nyaka tew. Nyaka ngode. + +12:29.380 --> 12:32.620 +Ngode nyaka sumte omadetje. Yes, because + +12:32.620 --> 12:35.360 +both cried at the same time. Cried, cried. + +12:36.420 --> 12:38.760 +And were all your children healthy when + +12:38.760 --> 12:41.200 +they were born? Amla, puku ketiw ka ne + +12:41.200 --> 12:44.500 +puku tsangma tangpo duwe? But it's my God. + +12:44.560 --> 12:46.640 +Like an angel that knew it as he certainly + +12:46.640 --> 12:51.980 +knew itala boy then that when he was + +12:51.980 --> 12:54.340 +praying for this is on the metal to + +12:54.340 --> 12:59.060 +install it at anytime once upon a sh onlar + +12:59.060 --> 13:04.440 +that an + +13:04.440 --> 13:07.180 +entire man carries it on hand. Does + +13:15.660 --> 13:20.120 +So the second of the twins was born leg + +13:20.120 --> 13:23.300 +first, and I thought it was a headless + +13:23.300 --> 13:27.120 +child. And then my husband pulled it out, + +13:27.200 --> 13:30.220 +and there was no crying, so I thought it + +13:30.220 --> 13:32.620 +wasn't alive. And when I touched the leg, + +13:32.660 --> 13:35.100 +it was warm, and then my husband cleaned + +13:35.100 --> 13:39.840 +it up. How did you feel? Can you remember + +13:39.840 --> 13:40.680 +your emotions? + +14:37.180 --> 14:39.340 +twins, you know, if one child got sick + +14:39.340 --> 14:41.680 +around 12 o'clock, the other would become + +14:41.680 --> 14:45.520 +sick at 3 p.m. So both had to be carried + +14:45.520 --> 14:48.340 +to the hospital in Pasa and it was very + +14:48.340 --> 14:51.120 +difficult. And then later my husband found + +14:51.120 --> 14:55.020 +work at a construction site and I could + +14:55.020 --> 14:57.960 +also find work but I couldn't do much as I + +14:57.960 --> 15:01.600 +was sick most of the time. So when you + +15:01.600 --> 15:03.800 +were sick, who took care of your children? + +15:03.800 --> 15:03.880 +one. + +15:09.720 --> 15:23.280 +There wasn't + +15:23.280 --> 15:26.020 +anyone else to take care of them. I had to + +15:26.020 --> 15:27.660 +and then when my husband been returned + +15:27.660 --> 15:29.860 +from work then we took care of them + +15:29.860 --> 15:34.160 +together so when you lived in Lhasa did + +15:34.160 --> 15:38.520 +you have family who also lived in Lhasa or + +15:38.520 --> 15:39.380 +lived near you + +15:42.280 --> 15:45.280 +I'm lucky that not me down pinga shambhala + +15:45.280 --> 15:48.080 +in the hustle a your a your mother no no + +15:48.080 --> 15:52.960 +both of us didn't have any relatives so + +15:52.960 --> 15:58.600 +you said that you went to Lhasa and you + +15:58.600 --> 16:02.020 +had three children what what made your + +16:02.020 --> 16:03.240 +family go to Lhasa? + +16:44.580 --> 16:49.140 +So we had to leave our hometown because we + +16:49.140 --> 16:51.680 +couldn't survive there. there, there was + +16:51.680 --> 16:54.660 +lack of food because if you couldn't work + +16:54.660 --> 16:57.740 +hard, there was no grains for you, and + +16:57.740 --> 17:00.960 +then since we had many children, both of + +17:00.960 --> 17:04.200 +us couldn't survive there and that's why + +17:04.200 --> 17:06.680 +my husband suggested that we go to Lhasa. + +17:08.060 --> 17:12.460 +Why wasn't there enough food? And Magali, + +17:12.580 --> 17:16.960 +how do you do the work? We do it by hand. + +17:20.460 --> 17:25.140 +We do it by hand. We do it by hand. We do + +17:25.140 --> 17:27.620 +it by hand. We do it by hand. + +17:36.080 --> 17:39.860 +So in the commune system, you know, if you + +17:39.860 --> 17:44.220 +could work, the officials gave you marks, + +17:44.500 --> 17:46.940 +and if you didn't, you know, there was no + +17:46.940 --> 17:48.940 +marks, which meant that you got no grains. + +17:50.680 --> 17:56.360 +But you worked, didn't you? Did you eat + +17:56.360 --> 17:56.420 +anything? + +18:01.880 --> 18:02.920 +We did, + +18:07.040 --> 18:09.720 +but there was nothing to eat, so we left. + +18:10.660 --> 18:12.640 +Was it because you had so many children + +18:12.640 --> 18:14.560 +that what you were allowed, what you were + +18:14.560 --> 18:16.980 +allocated wasn't enough? she cercs a + +18:16.980 --> 18:19.920 +Burgundy that is bigger than your body + +18:19.920 --> 18:24.600 +yes... she is heading towards the flour + +18:24.600 --> 18:28.100 +burgoodvy outfit she is taking a picture + +18:28.100 --> 18:39.380 +of it she would show us that we should + +18:39.380 --> 18:44.280 +remove + +18:44.280 --> 18:44.340 +the everywhere + +18:47.980 --> 18:50.280 +Yeah, the allocation wasn't sufficient. + +18:50.740 --> 18:53.680 +Right. And then when we were in Lhasa, a + +18:53.680 --> 18:56.200 +friend of my husband suggested that, you + +18:56.200 --> 19:00.280 +know, since we had many children, that if + +19:00.280 --> 19:02.680 +we went to Nepal, it would be a better + +19:02.680 --> 19:05.040 +life for the children. So that's why we + +19:05.040 --> 19:10.920 +came to Nepal. Right. Right. We'll come + +19:10.920 --> 19:13.060 +back to Nepal in a minute, but I was + +19:13.060 --> 19:16.680 +wondering, in what ways was life in Lhasa + +19:16.680 --> 19:20.120 +different from life in the village? + +19:38.800 --> 19:40.380 +The people of the village, they are very + +19:40.380 --> 19:44.660 +good at it. They are very good at it. They + +19:44.660 --> 19:47.140 +are very good at it. They are very good at + +19:47.140 --> 19:51.140 +it. They are very good at it. They are + +19:51.140 --> 19:54.340 +very good at it. They are very good at it. + +19:55.180 --> 19:58.560 +They are very good at it. They are very + +19:58.560 --> 20:01.080 +good at it. They are very good at it. They + +20:01.080 --> 20:02.620 +are very good at it. They are very good at + +20:02.620 --> 20:05.200 +it. They are very good at it. + +20:22.000 --> 20:29.760 +So it was + +20:29.760 --> 20:33.100 +better in Lhasa because my husband was + +20:33.100 --> 20:36.300 +engaged in the construction. work and then + +20:36.300 --> 20:38.820 +friends and other people they used to give + +20:38.820 --> 20:42.760 +us little bags of Sambal. Were there other + +20:42.760 --> 20:44.400 +ways in which your life in Lhasa was + +20:44.400 --> 20:46.200 +different from the village? You had more + +20:46.200 --> 20:49.240 +food but were there other ways in which + +20:49.240 --> 20:50.260 +your life was different? + +21:02.600 --> 21:04.680 +I don't know, I can't say. + +21:08.280 --> 21:13.220 +So I have only so much to say. Right. So + +21:13.220 --> 21:17.800 +your family decided to come to Nepal. Can + +21:17.800 --> 21:20.900 +you tell us the story of coming to Nepal? + +21:47.000 --> 21:52.620 +We wore it when we left for brazil Tinck + +21:52.620 --> 21:58.260 +Engine Rat We reuse it Handsome We walked + +21:58.260 --> 22:08.500 +towards here I went further Actually it' s + +22:08.500 --> 22:10.700 +just one needle Präsident Come here + +22:12.820 --> 22:17.240 +especially Erkeri. Theมואל push-psti'a and + +22:17.240 --> 22:19.820 +Donermasa and other people that the + +22:19.820 --> 22:21.500 +Pupawas are like my brothers сл Mate garat + +22:21.500 --> 22:24.000 +I must accompany them. If they're in + +22:24.000 --> 22:25.340 +progress I'll carry them to the front and + +22:25.340 --> 22:27.480 +bring them to the front and to be tough. + +22:29.300 --> 22:32.180 +They must find more ways. a very good farm + +22:32.180 --> 22:41.700 +and so it was split into two classes of + +22:41.700 --> 22:45.920 +Abutilsa, + +22:46.680 --> 22:49.560 +the old man and child and the son came + +22:49.560 --> 22:49.880 +from the government. + +23:06.600 --> 23:10.760 +So from Lhasa there were times when we + +23:10.760 --> 23:14.360 +were on foot and at times for an hour or + +23:14.360 --> 23:17.060 +two we We would ply by vehicles, but since + +23:17.060 --> 23:20.340 +we didn't have money to pay, we couldn't + +23:20.340 --> 23:23.040 +get vehicles right through. And it was + +23:23.040 --> 23:26.680 +from the border area of Tingri and Tamo + +23:26.680 --> 23:30.440 +that we came towards Nepal. And we were + +23:30.440 --> 23:32.860 +with quite a number of little children. + +23:32.920 --> 23:36.620 +And my husband was carrying one of the + +23:36.620 --> 23:39.820 +twins over his neck. And the oldest son + +23:39.820 --> 23:42.320 +was carrying one of the other twins. and + +23:42.320 --> 23:47.020 +the pathway was filled with snow and there + +23:47.020 --> 23:49.420 +were some Chinese people along the way + +23:49.420 --> 23:51.840 +that stopped us but since we were with + +23:51.840 --> 23:54.460 +little children they allowed us to go and + +23:54.460 --> 23:56.900 +in fact there were two girls that + +23:56.900 --> 23:58.800 +commented that the twins were very + +23:58.800 --> 24:02.740 +beautiful and then thanks to the grace of + +24:02.740 --> 24:04.600 +His Holiness we were able to escape + +24:04.600 --> 24:09.360 +safely. How long did it take you to come + +24:09.360 --> 24:12.960 +from Lhasa to Nepal? How long did it take + +24:12.960 --> 24:14.580 +to get to the mountain? + +24:16.960 --> 24:20.500 +It took about half a month. Half a month? + +24:21.460 --> 24:25.880 +Yes. We had to walk a lot. We had to walk + +24:25.880 --> 24:32.300 +a lot. We had to walk a lot. So it might + +24:32.300 --> 24:35.140 +have taken about half a month, because at + +24:35.140 --> 24:37.320 +times we were walking and at times we + +24:37.320 --> 24:40.940 +could get lift in some vehicles. So what + +24:40.940 --> 24:43.500 +did you take with you when you left Tibet? + +25:20.040 --> 25:23.540 +So we had brought nothing except our + +25:23.540 --> 25:27.420 +blankets and a little bit of Tsampa. And + +25:27.420 --> 25:30.580 +when we reached Nepal, my husband had + +25:30.580 --> 25:33.300 +friends to whom we sent message, and they + +25:33.300 --> 25:36.120 +came to fetch us at the reception + +25:36.120 --> 25:40.700 +committee office. And did you have enough + +25:40.700 --> 25:43.860 +food, enough sampa, for your whole family + +25:43.860 --> 25:45.620 +to go for these two weeks? + +26:09.420 --> 26:13.800 +There were so many kinesio timas over + +26:13.800 --> 26:16.160 +there on the번 지 산 полез Aoid guñ Guidá. I + +26:16.160 --> 26:20.540 +saw them that forest camp Boxt �시 킨 It was + +26:20.540 --> 26:23.900 +very cold in my room that day Boom si de + +26:23.900 --> 26:26.040 +vishe anéід paala paala And then I smiled + +26:26.040 --> 26:26.680 +and said I heard the sound anéíd is coming + +26:26.680 --> 26:27.960 +from nowhere Mandécé queh mama hamauná hy + +26:27.960 --> 26:31.380 +Porté mayóná lion Caamãwha ba encounter + +26:33.300 --> 26:34.100 +Xoé四he Folks carrying dead animals lants + +26:34.100 --> 26:37.100 +eggééé The children in N característica I + +26:37.100 --> 26:40.480 +was very young, I was very young, I was + +26:40.480 --> 26:44.200 +very young, I was very young, I was very + +26:44.200 --> 26:47.740 +young, I was very young, I was very young, + +26:47.840 --> 26:49.440 +I was very young, I was very young, I was + +26:49.440 --> 26:50.820 +very young, I was very young, I was very + +26:50.820 --> 26:52.500 +young, I was very young, I was very young, + +26:52.760 --> 26:53.900 +I was very young, I was very young, I was + +26:53.900 --> 26:56.040 +very young, I was very young, I was very + +26:56.040 --> 26:58.860 +young, I was very young, I was very young, + +26:58.980 --> 27:00.900 +I was very young, I was very young, I was + +27:00.900 --> 27:02.100 +very young, I was very young, I was very + +27:02.100 --> 27:03.940 +young, I was very young, I was very young, + +27:03.940 --> 27:04.680 +I was very young, I was very young, I was + +27:04.680 --> 27:05.020 +very young, I was very young, I was very + +27:05.020 --> 27:05.020 +young, I was very young, I was very young, + +27:05.020 --> 27:05.020 +I was very young, I was very young, I was + +27:05.020 --> 27:05.020 +very young, I was very young, I was very + +27:05.020 --> 27:05.020 +young, I was very young, I was very young, + +27:05.020 --> 27:06.600 +I was very young, I was very young, I was + +27:06.600 --> 27:06.600 +very + +27:24.900 --> 27:29.420 +So we had a little bit of sampa, and I + +27:29.420 --> 27:31.840 +used to feed the children in spoonfuls, + +27:31.840 --> 27:34.760 +which they used to gulp. and then we were + +27:34.760 --> 27:38.260 +able to cross over a mountain and there + +27:38.260 --> 27:41.260 +was a river and nearby we found some + +27:41.260 --> 27:43.380 +Nepalese police and we were really very + +27:43.380 --> 27:47.880 +scared and I told my husband, will they + +27:47.880 --> 27:50.900 +not kill us now? And then we met some + +27:50.900 --> 27:53.580 +merchants who said that now you need have + +27:53.580 --> 27:56.400 +no fear because you are in Nepalese + +27:56.400 --> 27:59.580 +territory and you will no longer fall into + +27:59.580 --> 28:01.900 +Chinese hands. But still they were very + +28:01.900 --> 28:07.220 +scared. And then we saw some Nepali road + +28:07.220 --> 28:10.440 +crew and they were living in little tents + +28:10.440 --> 28:14.740 +and so we entered one of the tents and + +28:14.740 --> 28:17.700 +they gave us hot water and I made little + +28:17.700 --> 28:21.980 +balls of dough with the Sampar and hot + +28:21.980 --> 28:25.080 +water and fed my children. And then we + +28:25.080 --> 28:27.840 +went to Dharamsala and we were very happy + +28:27.840 --> 28:35.500 +to see His So you arrived in Nepal and + +28:35.500 --> 28:38.760 +then how did you get to Dharamsala? + +28:48.240 --> 28:53.080 +The reception committee there dropped us + +28:53.080 --> 28:57.740 +to Dharamsala. I want to go back to make + +28:57.740 --> 29:00.460 +sure I've understood something. So your + +29:00.460 --> 29:03.940 +decision to leave Nepal, I mean to leave + +29:03.940 --> 29:08.280 +Tibet, was because of hunger? What was the + +29:08.280 --> 29:10.400 +reason why you left Tibet? Tibet. + +29:40.080 --> 29:42.480 +Oh, my Prophetïn University화� nickname was + +29:42.480 --> 29:47.140 +so amazing. We actually got to know about + +29:47.140 --> 29:51.180 +it since the early days, the time when we + +29:51.180 --> 29:54.780 +went as religious + +29:55.880 --> 30:00.920 +So you must be + +30:00.920 --> 30:05.060 +crazy. So the reason why we left our + +30:05.060 --> 30:08.100 +hometown for Lhasa was the lack of food + +30:08.100 --> 30:12.460 +and livelihood in Lhasa was better than in + +30:12.460 --> 30:15.340 +the hometown, but our children were not + +30:15.340 --> 30:18.240 +getting any education in Lhasa, so we were + +30:18.240 --> 30:21.020 +told that if we went to Nepal we would be + +30:21.020 --> 30:23.580 +able to admit our children into school, so + +30:23.580 --> 30:25.800 +for the sake of our children we left + +30:25.800 --> 30:32.740 +Tibet. Right. So you lived in Tibet when + +30:32.740 --> 30:36.580 +the Chinese were there. How was life like + +30:36.580 --> 30:38.080 +for you under the Chinese? + +31:03.960 --> 31:07.840 +I don't have much knowledge. That's + +31:07.840 --> 31:11.840 +between in the offices that happens and my + +31:11.840 --> 31:16.120 +job was just doing my work. And your work + +31:16.120 --> 31:17.820 +was what? What was your work? + +31:40.180 --> 31:46.460 +So our responsibility was harvesting the + +31:46.460 --> 31:51.540 +parni and then de-husking them in a large + +31:51.540 --> 31:55.300 +open ground during the commune, but I have + +31:55.300 --> 31:58.280 +forgotten much of it. What about in Lhasa? + +31:58.440 --> 32:01.240 +What was your work in Lhasa? So, how did + +32:01.240 --> 32:05.360 +you get to know about Lhasa? I learned + +32:05.360 --> 32:08.120 +about Lhasa from my father. He taught me + +32:08.120 --> 32:10.260 +how to make a pot, and how to make a pot. + +32:12.620 --> 32:16.180 +I learned how to make a pot. + +32:19.780 --> 32:21.780 +Lhasa is a pot, and I learned how to make + +32:21.780 --> 32:27.700 +a pot. up, . That's like what I told you + +32:27.700 --> 32:30.580 +earlier, constructing houses, digging the + +32:30.580 --> 32:33.560 +ground, laying the bricks, and building as + +32:33.560 --> 32:41.200 +it happens here. You did that. . . . . . . + +32:41.200 --> 32:46.620 +. . . . . . . . No, I couldn't go to work + +32:46.620 --> 32:52.480 +because I was sick. Right, okay. Did you + +32:52.480 --> 32:55.780 +have any interactions with Chinese people? + +32:57.360 --> 33:01.680 +No. So did life change for you when the + +33:01.680 --> 33:09.440 +Chinese came to you? No. Did life + +33:09.440 --> 33:14.600 +change for you when the Chinese came to + +33:14.600 --> 33:14.960 +Tibet? + +33:41.700 --> 33:49.000 +Yes, in 1961-62, by then the Chinese had + +33:49.000 --> 33:51.900 +already launched the liberation. And at + +33:51.900 --> 33:54.180 +that time, when my husband and I escaped, + +33:55.200 --> 33:59.580 +there wasn't many people escaping then, + +33:59.760 --> 34:02.520 +but later on, more and more people started + +34:02.520 --> 34:06.540 +coming. And what happened then? + +34:37.280 --> 34:40.080 +Once we were at the reception center here + +34:40.080 --> 34:42.900 +and then we were sent to see His Holiness + +34:42.900 --> 34:45.360 +the Dalai Lama in the Ramsala and then the + +34:45.360 --> 34:47.640 +children were put in school and then my + +34:47.640 --> 34:50.420 +husband and I, we were sent to a factory + +34:50.420 --> 34:53.740 +in Dalahousey in Himachal Pradesh and then + +34:53.740 --> 34:56.460 +there was no problem at all. Was your + +34:56.460 --> 34:59.000 +husband affected at all by the Chinese + +34:59.000 --> 34:59.440 +occupation? + +35:29.440 --> 35:38.280 +That's why I'm saying that he + +35:38.280 --> 35:40.740 +was a construction worker. He was a + +35:40.740 --> 35:44.400 +construction worker in Pasta. He was + +35:44.400 --> 35:49.220 +laying the iron rods for the construction. + +35:49.680 --> 35:53.860 +After coming into India, he worked as an + +35:53.860 --> 35:59.740 +embosser of handmade carpets. Right at the + +35:59.740 --> 36:02.840 +beginning you mentioned that most of your + +36:02.840 --> 36:05.900 +children except for your last child were + +36:05.900 --> 36:09.060 +born at home. But one child was born in + +36:09.060 --> 36:12.200 +the hospital. Why was that child born in + +36:12.200 --> 36:15.040 +the hospital? What caused you to go to the + +36:15.040 --> 36:15.960 +hospital for that birth? + +36:39.520 --> 36:43.960 +So I was having labor pains but could not + +36:43.960 --> 36:46.420 +give birth. So that's why I went to the + +36:46.420 --> 36:52.380 +hospital. And your baby was safe? Yes, my + +36:52.380 --> 36:55.040 +baby was safe. I was able to go to the + +36:55.040 --> 36:57.360 +hospital and I was able to go to the + +36:57.360 --> 36:57.800 +hospital. + +37:01.100 --> 37:05.280 +I was able to go to the hospital and I was + +37:05.280 --> 37:13.820 +able to go to the hospital. + +37:35.800 --> 37:38.380 +Yes, the last child was born in hospital + +37:38.380 --> 37:42.460 +after five or six days. actually the labor + +37:42.460 --> 37:45.420 +pains had started and the child wasn't + +37:45.420 --> 37:48.440 +born so the nurse told me that I would + +37:48.440 --> 37:50.420 +have to stay in hospital for a few days + +37:50.420 --> 37:53.020 +because it was a big child but I didn't + +37:53.020 --> 37:55.600 +want to stay and wanted to go back home + +37:55.600 --> 37:59.100 +and my husband said that you know I + +37:59.100 --> 38:01.560 +wouldn't take me home saying that you know + +38:01.560 --> 38:04.200 +if we went back home that child and I + +38:04.200 --> 38:08.900 +would die. Is there anything else that you + +38:08.900 --> 38:10.640 +would like to share with us about your + +38:10.640 --> 38:15.180 +life in Tibet? . . + +38:18.060 --> 38:19.160 +That's about it. + +38:22.260 --> 38:27.580 +Thank you. If this interview were shown in + +38:27.580 --> 38:30.320 +Tibet or China, would it be a problem for + +38:30.320 --> 38:31.640 +you? . + +38:42.740 --> 38:48.700 +I don't know + +38:48.700 --> 38:51.400 +whether there will be any problems or no + +38:51.400 --> 38:54.220 +problems. Is it okay if we use your real + +38:54.220 --> 38:58.460 +name? I think that's a good thing. I think + +38:58.460 --> 39:00.980 +that's a good thing. I think that's a good + +39:00.980 --> 39:05.380 +thing. Yes, it is. If I had a child, I + +39:05.380 --> 39:10.700 +would have a child. Yes, but then if the + +39:10.700 --> 39:12.700 +Chinese come and investigate, they may + +39:12.700 --> 39:16.080 +take me away. Thank you very much for + +39:16.080 --> 39:17.500 +sharing your story with us. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/dd704pb2854_6N_Dhondup_Lhamo_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/dd704pb2854_6N_Dhondup_Lhamo_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff45e1c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/dd704pb2854_6N_Dhondup_Lhamo_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html @@ -0,0 +1,504 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

reference
transcript
f1Please tell us your name.f1Please tell us your name.
2I'm Lagi Menkare Nasorona.2I'm Lagi Menkare Nasorona.
3Dendul Lama.3Dendul Lama.
4Dendul Lama.4Dendul Lama.
5Thank you.5Thank you.
6His Holiness the Dalai Lama asked us to record your experiences so that we can s6His Holiness the Dalai Lama asked us to record your experiences so that we can s
>hare your memories with many generations of Tibetans, the Chinese, and the rest >hare your memories with many generations of Tibetans, the Chinese, and the rest 
>of the world.>of the world.
7Your memories will help us to document the true history, culture, and beliefs of7Your memories will help us to document the true history, culture, and beliefs of
> the Tibetan people.> the Tibetan people.
8Do you give permission for the Tibet Oral History Project to use this interview?8Do you give permission for the Tibet Oral History Project to use this interview?
9Thank you very much for offering to share your story with us.9Thank you very much for offering to share your story with us.
10During this interview, if at any time you want to take a break or stop, please l10During this interview, if at any time you want to take a break or stop, please l
>et us know.>et us know.
11And if you do not want to answer a question or talk about something, let us know11And if you do not want to answer a question or talk about something, let us know
>.>.
12If your interview were to be shown in Tibet or China, Would this be a problem fo12If your interview were to be shown in Tibet or China, Would this be a problem fo
>r you?>r you?
13There will be no problems.13There will be no problems.
14Thank you.14Thank you.
15And we're very honored to record your story and appreciate very much your partic15And we're very honored to record your story and appreciate very much your partic
>ipation in the project.>ipation in the project.
16How old are you?16How old are you?
1771.1771.
18And where are you from in Tibet?18And where are you from in Tibet?
19So the place where I lived was called La Gong.19So the place where I lived was called La Gong.
20And in which province was La Gong?20And in which province was La Gong?
21I came to Lhasa in 1961-62 when the Chinese created a lot of problems.21I came to Lhasa in 1961-62 when the Chinese created a lot of problems.
22Where were you born?22Where were you born?
23In which province?23In which province?
24So when you came to Lhasa, you were about how old?24So when you came to Lhasa, you were about how old?
25So I must have been about 36 years old and when I came to Lhasa I had three chil25So I must have been about 36 years old and when I came to Lhasa I had three chil
>dren with me and then three were born in Lhasa.>dren with me and then three were born in Lhasa.
26Okay.26Okay.
27So that's been so long ago.27So that's been so long ago.
28In your village, what did your father do?28In your village, what did your father do?
n29Ms Naganga, are there conditions under the union or what offers you?n29We are going to the forest to collect the firewood.
30What are we going to do with the firewood?
31We will take it to the forest and we will dig a hole in the ground.
32We will dig a hole.
33What is the hole?
34The hole is the hole.
35The hole?
30No, people don't seeued more as a woman Or audio-visual people don't see it anym36So in those days my father was a farmer working in the commune and then we would
>ore So in those days my father was a farmer working in the commune and then we w> dig up medicinal plants called poppy from the ground.
>ould dig up medicinal plants called poppy from the ground. 
31So you were in a commune, a Tibetan commune, or was this a Chinese commune?37So you were in a commune, a Tibetan commune, or was this a Chinese commune?
n32Do you killsBL animals?n38But George 2013 especialmente té into the Then they would go to the fields and p
 >ick the seeds.
33Do you kill deer and wild animals?
34No No tighter put together if not put together re-decl ministre Then they would 
>go to the fields and pick the seeds. 
35And then they would go to the fields and pick the seeds.39And then they would go to the fields and pick the seeds.
36And then they would go to the fields and pick the seeds.40And then they would go to the fields and pick the seeds.
37So it was a Tibetan commune run by Chinese.41So it was a Tibetan commune run by Chinese.
38And the farmers harvested, when the farmers harvested grains and wheat and barle42And the farmers harvested, when the farmers harvested grains and wheat and barle
>y, we would have to give them to the Chinese so being unable to endure the suffe>y, we would have to give them to the Chinese so being unable to endure the suffe
>ring my husband and I and children fled or went to went to Lhasa.>ring my husband and I and children fled or went to went to Lhasa.
39Went to Lhasa, right.43Went to Lhasa, right.
40So what memories do you have of your childhood when you were a little girl?44So what memories do you have of your childhood when you were a little girl?
41What should I say about when I was little?45What should I say about when I was little?
42I have no memories of my younger days.46I have no memories of my younger days.
43Okay.47Okay.
44What did your mother do?48What did your mother do?
n45Son, Doyul and daughter, now who's learning about the mother's wife-to-be and dan49What about your zaczyan and located making?
>ughter-in-law's wife-to-be- 처. 
46Mother's only daughter has half 15 years left from birth, otherwise she would st50In my province, my daughter was using literally cotton and I just put some on an
>ill lose them.>d but her Zhaozi is not doing Полной oluyorly.
47So we took them together, we were still helping and female and male sons.51So, i see that she remembered, but she doesn't like it, so, as i said before she
 > needs солн calves So in the commune she was, she had the task of milking and th
 >en also you know carrying hay on the back to be spread under the horses and mule
 >s.
48So in the commune she was, she had the task of milking and then she would milk t
>he cows. 
49And then also carrying hay on the back to be spread under the horses and mules.
50And then after we escaped, I had no idea about them, but I think they have all p52And then after we escaped, I had no idea about them, but I think they have all p
>assed away now.>assed away now.
51So did you help your mother or your father with their work on the commune?53So did you help your mother or your father with their work on the commune?
52No, because I had little children then, and so instead of helping them, I needed54No, because I had little children then, and so instead of helping them, I needed
> their help.> their help.
53How old were you when you had your first child?55How old were you when you had your first child?
54So we don't normally calculate our years and ages.56So we don't normally calculate our years and ages.
55So it was like, you know, animals giving birth.57So it was like, you know, animals giving birth.
56Likewise, we too gave birth to our children.58Likewise, we too gave birth to our children.
57Do your children live with you now?59Do your children live with you now?
58No, not together.60No, not together.
59I have three children, and I had my children in the hospital.61I have three children, and I had my children in the hospital.
60Can you tell us about your experiences giving birth to children?62Can you tell us about your experiences giving birth to children?
61So, Marwa, you are a very good teacher.63So, Marwa, you are a very good teacher.
62You have taught us a lot of things.64You have taught us a lot of things.
63So, what do you think about teaching us how to be a good teacher?65So, what do you think about teaching us how to be a good teacher?
64I don't know how to teach.66I don't know how to teach.
65I have been teaching since I was a child.67I have been teaching since I was a child.
66I have been teaching since I was a child.68I have been teaching since I was a child.
67I don't know how to teach.69I don't know how to teach.
68I don't know how to teach.70I don't know how to teach.
69I don't know how to teach.71I don't know how to teach.
70I don't know how to teach.72I don't know how to teach.
71So I didn't give birth in hospitals and it was my husband that helped me during 73So I didn't give birth in hospitals and it was my husband that helped me during 
>the childbirth.>the childbirth.
72and it is only my daughter that was born in hospital and I couldn't give birth t74and it is only my daughter that was born in hospital and I couldn't give birth t
>o her and all my other children including the twins were not born in hospital.>o her and all my other children including the twins were not born in hospital.
73How did your husband help you?75How did your husband help you?
74I was a little girl, and I was a little girl.76I was a little girl, and I was a little girl.
75I was a little girl, and I was a little girl.77I was a little girl, and I was a little girl.
76I was a little girl, and I was a little girl.78I was a little girl, and I was a little girl.
77I was a little girl, and I was a little girl.79I was a little girl, and I was a little girl.
78I was a little girl, and I was a little girl.80I was a little girl, and I was a little girl.
79I was a little girl, and I was a little girl.81I was a little girl, and I was a little girl.
80I was a little girl, and I was a little girl.82I was a little girl, and I was a little girl.
81So when the first of the twins was born, I was on my knees and my husband, he to83So when the first of the twins was born, I was on my knees and my husband, he to
>ok the child wrapped it in cloth and laid it on the bed and then I went out to a>ok the child wrapped it in cloth and laid it on the bed and then I went out to a
>nswer nature's call and then I could feel that there was another child in me and>nswer nature's call and then I could feel that there was another child in me and
> so I told my husband that there is one more child and he said it can't be but t> so I told my husband that there is one more child and he said it can't be but t
>hen I said there is one more and then the other one was born and while breastfee>hen I said there is one more and then the other one was born and while breastfee
>ding I had to feed one child here and one child here and it was same when I was >ding I had to feed one child here and one child here and it was same when I was 
>feeding them food later.>feeding them food later.
82At the same time, feeding them one here, one here?84At the same time, feeding them one here, one here?
83At the same time.85At the same time.
84Thujujjipa le chikla omadetje, chikla omadetje, roa?86Thujujjipa le chikla omadetje, chikla omadetje, roa?
85Nyaka tew.87Nyaka tew.
86Nyaka ngode.88Nyaka ngode.
87Ngode nyaka sumte omadetje.89Ngode nyaka sumte omadetje.
88Yes, because both cried at the same time.90Yes, because both cried at the same time.
89Cried, cried.91Cried, cried.
90And were all your children healthy when they were born?92And were all your children healthy when they were born?
91Amla, puku ketiw ka ne puku tsangma tangpo duwe?93Amla, puku ketiw ka ne puku tsangma tangpo duwe?
n92Shubha Bhat is bright and his father was doing that, he said.n94But it's my God.
95Like an angel that knew it as he certainly knew itala boy then that when he was 
 >praying for this is on the metal to install it at anytime once upon a sh onlar t
 >hat an entire man carries it on hand.
93So the second The second of the twins was born leg first and I thought it was a 96Does So the second of the twins was born leg first, and I thought it was a headl
>headless child.>ess child.
94And then my husband pulled it out and there was no crying so I thought it wasn't97And then my husband pulled it out, and there was no crying, so I thought it wasn
> alive.>'t alive.
95And when I touched the leg it was warm and then my husband cleaned it up.98And when I touched the leg, it was warm, and then my husband cleaned it up.
96How did you feel?99How did you feel?
97Can you remember your emotions?100Can you remember your emotions?
n98Your mother's strength.n101twins, you know, if one child got sick around 12 o'clock, the other would become
 > sick at 3 p.m. So both had to be carried to the hospital in Pasa and it was ver
 >y difficult.
99When Mother went home, She told Your mother She wanted her to follow She самой đ102And then later my husband found work at a construction site and I could also fin
>ihistoric practice father and sister through her daughter Very little, very litt>d work but I couldn't do much as I was sick most of the time.
>le water was sweeping she could not go to Sangam and they robbed her of everythi 
>ng was leaving there So the twins, you know, if one child is born, I was the onl 
>y one who was sick. 
100I was the only one who was sick.
101I was the only one who was sick.
102I was the only one who was sick.
103So the twins, you know, if one child got sick around 12 o'clock, the other would
> become sick at 3pm. 
104So both had to be carried to the hospital in Pasa.
105And it was very difficult.
106And then later my husband found work at a construction site.
107And I could also find work, but I couldn't do much as I was sick most of the tim
>e. 
108So when you were sick, who took care of your children?103So when you were sick, who took care of your children?
109one.104one.
110There wasn't anyone else to take care of them.105There wasn't anyone else to take care of them.
111I had to and then when my husband been returned from work then we took care of t106I had to and then when my husband been returned from work then we took care of t
>hem together so when you lived in Lhasa did you have family who also lived in Lh>hem together so when you lived in Lhasa did you have family who also lived in Lh
>asa or lived near you I'm lucky that not me down pinga shambhala in the hustle a>asa or lived near you I'm lucky that not me down pinga shambhala in the hustle a
> your a your mother no no both of us didn't have any relatives so you said that > your a your mother no no both of us didn't have any relatives so you said that 
>you went to Lhasa and you had three children what what made your family go to Lh>you went to Lhasa and you had three children what what made your family go to Lh
>asa?>asa?
112So we had to leave our hometown because we couldn't survive there.107So we had to leave our hometown because we couldn't survive there.
113there, there was lack of food because if you couldn't work hard, there was no gr108there, there was lack of food because if you couldn't work hard, there was no gr
>ains for you, and then since we had many children, both of us couldn't survive t>ains for you, and then since we had many children, both of us couldn't survive t
>here and that's why my husband suggested that we go to Lhasa.>here and that's why my husband suggested that we go to Lhasa.
114Why wasn't there enough food?109Why wasn't there enough food?
115And Magali, how do you do the work?110And Magali, how do you do the work?
116We do it by hand.111We do it by hand.
117We do it by hand.112We do it by hand.
118We do it by hand.113We do it by hand.
119We do it by hand.114We do it by hand.
120We do it by hand.115We do it by hand.
121So in the commune system, you know, if you could work, the officials gave you ma116So in the commune system, you know, if you could work, the officials gave you ma
>rks, and if you didn't, you know, there was no marks, which meant that you got n>rks, and if you didn't, you know, there was no marks, which meant that you got n
>o grains.>o grains.
122But you worked, didn't you?117But you worked, didn't you?
123Did you eat anything?118Did you eat anything?
124We did, but there was nothing to eat, so we left.119We did, but there was nothing to eat, so we left.
125Was it because you had so many children that what you were allowed, what you wer120Was it because you had so many children that what you were allowed, what you wer
>e allocated wasn't enough?>e allocated wasn't enough?
n126So, sağ name shows that he had pressure.n121she cercs a Burgundy that is bigger than your body yes...
127Yes, I had pressure.122she is heading towards the flour burgoodvy outfit she is taking a picture of it 
 >she would show us that we should remove the everywhere Yeah, the allocation wasn
 >'t sufficient.
128Now, I'm a little tired, now I feel confident about any poverty machine but they123Right.
> do that for me to come on the study people to gonna and they have a yes I did s 
>ay what any last another lots of jelly Chito Joseph never know he said yeah the  
>allocation wasn't sufficient and then when we were in Hussar a friend of my husb 
>and suggested that you know since we had many children that if we went to Nepal  
>it would be a better life for the children so that's why we came to Nepal. 
124And then when we were in Lhasa, a friend of my husband suggested that, you know,
 > since we had many children, that if we went to Nepal, it would be a better life
 > for the children.
125So that's why we came to Nepal.
126Right.
127Right.
129Right I'd like we'll come back to Nepal in a minute but I was wondering in what 128We'll come back to Nepal in a minute, but I was wondering, in what ways was life
>ways was life in Lhasa different from life in the village?> in Lhasa different from life in the village?
130Amal, we met in Thangbo with Amal on the road.129The people of the village, they are very good at it.
131Did you ask her about the Kepa recipe?130They are very good at it.
132Yes, we did.131They are very good at it.
133As a child and as prends theorist, we juts see people family village, aromatic p132They are very good at it.
>owder and they drink it. 
134It was a more herbal and Standing mother plant that we sourced.133They are very good at it.
135How old were you?134They are very good at it.
136I was very young.135They are very good at it.
137I was very young.136They are very good at it.
138I was very young.137They are very good at it.
139I was very young.138They are very good at it.
140I was very young.139They are very good at it.
141I was very young.140They are very good at it.
142I was very young.141They are very good at it.
143You were very young.142So it was better in Lhasa because my husband was engaged in the construction.
144Were you very young?143work and then friends and other people they used to give us little bags of Samba
 >l.
145Were you very young?
146Yes, I was very young.
147I was very young.
148So it was better in Lhasa because my husband was engaged in the construction wor
>k and then friends and other people, they used to give us little bags of Sampa. 
149Were there other ways in which your life in Lhasa was different from the village144Were there other ways in which your life in Lhasa was different from the village
>?>?
n150You had more food, but were there other ways in which your life was different?n145You had more food but were there other ways in which your life was different?
151I don't know, I can't say.146I don't know, I can't say.
152So I have only so much to say.147So I have only so much to say.
153Right.148Right.
154So your family decided to come to Nepal.149So your family decided to come to Nepal.
155Can you tell us the story of coming to Nepal?150Can you tell us the story of coming to Nepal?
n156Now if I mistook it for decrease forление or decrease You We were so afraid, bein151We wore it when we left for brazil Tinck Engine Rat We reuse it Handsome We walk
>ng because of his laziness.>ed towards here I went further Actually it' s just one needle Präsident Come her
 >e especially Erkeri.
152Theมואל push-psti'a and Donermasa and other people that the Pupawas are like my 
 >brothers сл Mate garat I must accompany them.
153If they're in progress I'll carry them to the front and bring them to the front 
 >and to be tough.
154They must find more ways.
155a very good farm and so it was split into two classes of Abutilsa, the old man a
 >nd child and the son came from the government.
157He said that the monk who made usiden So from Lhasa there were times when we wer156So from Lhasa there were times when we were on foot and at times for an hour or 
>e on foot and at times for an hour or two we would ply by vehicles but since we >two we We would ply by vehicles, but since we didn't have money to pay, we could
>didn't have money to pay we couldn't get vehicles right through and it was from >n't get vehicles right through.
>the border area of Tengri and Tamo that we came towards Nepal. 
158And we were with quite a number of little children, and my husband was carrying 157And it was from the border area of Tingri and Tamo that we came towards Nepal.
>one of the twins over his neck, and the oldest son was carrying one of the other 
> twins, and the pathway was filled with snow, and there were some Chinese people 
> along the way that stopped us, but since we were with little children they allo 
>wed us to go and in fact there were two girls that commented that the twins were 
> very beautiful and then thanks thanks to the grace of His Holiness we were able 
> to escape safely how long did it take you to come from Lhasa to Nepal? 
158And we were with quite a number of little children.
159And my husband was carrying one of the twins over his neck.
160And the oldest son was carrying one of the other twins.
161and the pathway was filled with snow and there were some Chinese people along th
 >e way that stopped us but since we were with little children they allowed us to 
 >go and in fact there were two girls that commented that the twins were very beau
 >tiful and then thanks to the grace of His Holiness we were able to escape safely
 >.
162How long did it take you to come from Lhasa to Nepal?
163How long did it take to get to the mountain?
164It took about half a month.
165Half a month?
166Yes.
167We had to walk a lot.
168We had to walk a lot.
169We had to walk a lot.
159So it might have taken about half a month, because at times we were walking and 170So it might have taken about half a month, because at times we were walking and 
>at times we could get lift in some vehicles.>at times we could get lift in some vehicles.
160So what did you take with you when you left Tibet?171So what did you take with you when you left Tibet?
n161the Via Norma to you on the canne am LIE prison to do If somebody who is just trn
>ying and just wants to make their life better… This particular religion can also 
> get real cells. 
162So we had brought nothing except our blankets and a little bit of tsampa.172So we had brought nothing except our blankets and a little bit of Tsampa.
163And when we reached Nepal, my husband had friends to whom we sent message, and t173And when we reached Nepal, my husband had friends to whom we sent message, and t
>hey came to fetch us at the reception committee office.>hey came to fetch us at the reception committee office.
n164And did you have enough food, enough sampa for your whole family to go for thesen174And did you have enough food, enough sampa, for your whole family to go for thes
> two weeks?>e two weeks?
165included by the people with disabilities, as well as the women of the village si175There were so many kinesio timas over there on the번 지 산 полез Aoid guñ Guidá.
>ck and badly harmed by the virus, . 
166We didn't change these rules.176I saw them that forest camp Boxt �시 킨 It was very cold in my room that day Boom 
 >si de vishe anéід paala paala And then I smiled and said I heard the sound anéíd
 > is coming from nowhere Mandécé queh mama hamauná hy Porté mayóná lion Caamãwha 
 >ba encounter Xoé四he Folks carrying dead animals lants eggééé The children in N c
 >aracterística I was very young, I was very young, I was very young, I was very y
 >oung, I was very young, I was very young, I was very young, I was very young, I 
 >was very young, I was very young, I was very young, I was very young, I was very
 > young, I was very young, I was very young, I was very young, I was very young, 
 >I was very young, I was very young, I was very young, I was very young, I was ve
 >ry young, I was very young, I was very young, I was very young, I was very young
 >, I was very young, I was very young, I was very young, I was very young, I was 
 >very young, I was very young, I was very young, I was very young, I was very you
 >ng, I was very young, I was very young, I was very young, I was very young, I wa
 >s very young, I was very young, I was very young, I was very young, I was very y
 >oung, I was very So we had a little bit of sampa, and I used to feed the childre
 >n in spoonfuls, which they used to gulp.
167We didn't go back to our roots of education andidades like I said, Naipa.177and then we were able to cross over a mountain and there was a river and nearby 
 >we found some Nepalese police and we were really very scared and I told my husba
 >nd, will they not kill us now?
168There was no one I would create in my village, there was no one I wouldak to kno178And then we met some merchants who said that now you need have no fear because y
>w and expose old women.>ou are in Nepalese territory and you will no longer fall into Chinese hands.
169if they had listened to the government quarantine regulations, I was a young gir179But still they were very scared.
>l, and I was a young girl. 
170I was a young girl, and I was a young girl.180And then we saw some Nepali road crew and they were living in little tents and s
 >o we entered one of the tents and they gave us hot water and I made little balls
 > of dough with the Sampar and hot water and fed my children.
171I was a young girl, and I was a young girl.
172I was a young girl, and I was a young girl.
173I was a young girl, and I was a young girl.
174I was a young girl, and I was a young girl.
175I was a young girl, and I was a young girl.
176I was a young girl, and I was a young girl.
177I was a young girl, and I was a young girl.
178I was a young girl, and I was a young girl.
179So we had a little bit of tsampa, and I used to feed the children in spoonfuls, 
>which they used to gulp and then we were able to you know cross over a mountain  
>and there was a river and nearby we found some Nepalese police and we were reall 
>y very scared and I told my husband you know will they not kill us now and then  
>we met some merchants who said that now you need have no fear because you will y 
>ou are in Nepalese territory and you will no longer fall into Chinese hands But  
>still they were very scared. 
180And then we saw some Nepali road crew and they were living in little tents.
181And so we entered one of the tents and they gave us hot water and I made little 
>balls of dough with the Sampa and hot water and fed my children. 
182And then we went to Dharamsala and we were very happy to see His Holiness the Da181And then we went to Dharamsala and we were very happy to see His So you arrived 
>lai So you arrived in Nepal and then how did you get to Dharamsala?>in Nepal and then how did you get to Dharamsala?
183The reception committee there dropped us to Dharamsala.182The reception committee there dropped us to Dharamsala.
184I want to go back to make sure I've understood something.183I want to go back to make sure I've understood something.
185So your decision to leave Nepal, I mean to leave Tibet, was because of hunger?184So your decision to leave Nepal, I mean to leave Tibet, was because of hunger?
186What was the reason why you left Tibet?185What was the reason why you left Tibet?
187Tibet.186Tibet.
n188soma thwa tsawa machi o criminals So the reason why we left our hometown one timn187Oh, my Prophetïn University화� nickname was so amazing.
>e was the lack of food and livelihood in Hassa was better than in the hometown,  
>but our children were not getting any education in Hassa, and we were told that  
>if we went to Nepal, we would be able to admit our children into school. 
189So for the sake of our children, we left Tibet.188We actually got to know about it since the early days, the time when we went as 
 >religious So you must be crazy.
189So the reason why we left our hometown for Lhasa was the lack of food and liveli
 >hood in Lhasa was better than in the hometown, but our children were not getting
 > any education in Lhasa, so we were told that if we went to Nepal we would be ab
 >le to admit our children into school, so for the sake of our children we left Ti
 >bet.
190Right.190Right.
191So you lived in Tibet when the Chinese were there.191So you lived in Tibet when the Chinese were there.
n192How is life like for you under the Chinese?n192How was life like for you under the Chinese?
193So I do not have much knowledge.193I don't have much knowledge.
194That's between in the offices, that happens, and my job was just doing my work.194That's between in the offices that happens and my job was just doing my work.
195And your work was what?195And your work was what?
196What was your work?196What was your work?
197So our responsibility was harvesting the parni and then de-husking them in a lar197So our responsibility was harvesting the parni and then de-husking them in a lar
>ge open ground during the commune, but I have forgotten much of it.>ge open ground during the commune, but I have forgotten much of it.
198What about in Lhasa?198What about in Lhasa?
199What was your work in Lhasa?199What was your work in Lhasa?
nn200So, how did you get to know about Lhasa?
201I learned about Lhasa from my father.
202He taught me how to make a pot, and how to make a pot.
203I learned how to make a pot.
204Lhasa is a pot, and I learned how to make a pot.
205up, .
200So, it's like what I told you earlier, here, constructing houses, digging the gr206That's like what I told you earlier, constructing houses, digging the ground, la
>ound, laying the bricks, and building as it happens here.>ying the bricks, and building as it happens here.
201You did that?207You did that.
202Amla adina la lera chey na, kama basura dwe adina la?208.
203Nga lera ka zote me na, nade.209.
204Lera ka zote me.210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.
218.
219.
220.
221.
205No, I couldn't go to work because I was sick.222No, I couldn't go to work because I was sick.
n206Right.n223Right, okay.
207Okay.
208Did you have any interactions with Chinese people?224Did you have any interactions with Chinese people?
nn225No. So did life change for you when the Chinese came to you?
209No. So did life change for you when the Chinese came to Tibet?226No. Did life change for you when the Chinese came to Tibet?
210Yes, in In 1961-62, by then the Chinese had already launched the liberation.227Yes, in 1961-62, by then the Chinese had already launched the liberation.
211And at that time, when my husband and I escaped, there wasn't many people escapi228And at that time, when my husband and I escaped, there wasn't many people escapi
>ng then, but later on, more and more people started coming.>ng then, but later on, more and more people started coming.
212And what happened then?229And what happened then?
n213We were in the same house.n
214You mean the same house?
215No. Once we were at the reception center here and then we were sent to see His H230Once we were at the reception center here and then we were sent to see His Holin
>oliness the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala and then the children were put in school an>ess the Dalai Lama in the Ramsala and then the children were put in school and t
>d then my husband and I we were sent to a factory in Dalahousey in Himachal Prad>hen my husband and I, we were sent to a factory in Dalahousey in Himachal Prades
>esh and then there was no problem at all.>h and then there was no problem at all.
216Was your husband affected at all by the Chinese occupation?231Was your husband affected at all by the Chinese occupation?
n217Is theidoe different from your social ladder in the community?n232That's why I'm saying that he was a construction worker.
218The entrance was different the opportunity was the idea of the Orion I entered o233He was a construction worker in Pasta.
>ld earth with all my knowledge and now I'm together with the children worker in  
>Pasta and he was you know laying the iron rods for the construction and then aft 
>er coming into India and he worked as a embosser of handmade carpets. 
234He was laying the iron rods for the construction.
235After coming into India, he worked as an embosser of handmade carpets.
219Right at the beginning you mentioned that most of your children except for your 236Right at the beginning you mentioned that most of your children except for your 
>last child were born at home but one child was born in the hospital.>last child were born at home.
237But one child was born in the hospital.
220Why was that child born in the hospital?238Why was that child born in the hospital?
n221What caused you to take that you know go to the hospital for that?n239What caused you to go to the hospital for that birth?
222So, I was having labor pains, but could not give birth, so that's why I went to 240So I was having labor pains but could not give birth.
>the hospital. 
241So that's why I went to the hospital.
223And your baby was safe.242And your baby was safe?
224Yes, I know it.243Yes, my baby was safe.
225I know it.244I was able to go to the hospital and I was able to go to the hospital.
226Thank You, she塊se.245I was able to go to the hospital and I was able to go to the hospital.
227When I was a little child.
228종 came and gave us ricepoins.
229They used to dull away ricepoins.
230Very hard.
231I was very sad.
232I was very sad.
233I was very sad.
234I was very sad.
235I was very sad.
236I was very sad.
237Yes, the last child was born in hospital after five or six days.246Yes, the last child was born in hospital after five or six days.
n238Actually, the labor pains had started and the child wasn't born.n247actually the labor pains had started and the child wasn't born so the nurse told
 > me that I would have to stay in hospital for a few days because it was a big ch
 >ild but I didn't want to stay and wanted to go back home and my husband said tha
 >t you know I wouldn't take me home saying that you know if we went back home tha
 >t child and I would die.
239So the nurse told me that I would have to stay in hospital for a few days becaus
>e it was a big child. 
240But I didn't want to stay and wanted to go back home.
241And my husband said that, you know, wouldn't take me home, saying that, you know
>, if we went back home, the child and I would die. 
242Is there anything else that you would like to share with us about your life in T248Is there anything else that you would like to share with us about your life in T
>ibet?>ibet?
n243We are very happy to have you here.n249.
244We are very happy to have you here.250.
245That's about it.
246That's about it.251That's about it.
247Thank you.252Thank you.
248If this interview were shown in Tibet or China, would it be a problem for you?253If this interview were shown in Tibet or China, would it be a problem for you?
nn254.
249I don't know whether there will be any problems or no problems.255I don't know whether there will be any problems or no problems.
250Is it okay if we use your real name?256Is it okay if we use your real name?
tt257I think that's a good thing.
258I think that's a good thing.
259I think that's a good thing.
260Yes, it is.
261If I had a child, I would have a child.
251Yeah, but then if the Chinese come and investigate, they may take me away.262Yes, but then if the Chinese come and investigate, they may take me away.
252Thank you very much for sharing your story with us.263Thank you very much for sharing your story with us.
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+00:56.300 --> 01:00.140 +ramas cae el cielo Y por el cielo digo con + +01:00.140 --> 01:04.300 +nostalgia, viva Chile, mierda. + +01:09.100 --> 01:13.600 +Cuando el bus ilumina su escafandra y las + +01:13.600 --> 01:15.680 +ballenas se acercan a mamar en el vientre + +01:15.680 --> 01:18.200 +a las lanchas. Cuando cae al fondo el + +01:18.200 --> 01:21.120 +océano los amenta la patria y como vaca + +01:21.120 --> 01:23.040 +muerta la arrastra la ola milenaria. + +01:23.040 --> 01:26.360 +Cuando explota el carbón y se enciende la + +01:26.360 --> 01:29.720 +Antártida, digo pensadío, ¡viva Chile, + +01:29.880 --> 01:30.520 +mierda! + +01:35.180 --> 01:38.080 +Cuando se viene el invierno flotando en el + +01:38.080 --> 01:42.860 +Mapocho, como un muerto atado con + +01:42.860 --> 01:45.900 +alambres, con flores y con tarros, y lo + +01:45.900 --> 01:48.140 +laman los perros y se aleja embalsamado de + +01:48.140 --> 01:51.040 +gatos, cuando se lleva un niño y otro niño + +01:51.040 --> 01:53.220 +dormidos en la escarcha y se va + +01:53.220 --> 01:55.780 +revolviendo sus grises ataúdes de saco + +01:55.780 --> 01:59.040 +digo en purecido ¡Viva Chile, mierda! + +02:04.640 --> 02:07.360 +Cuando una noche de luna crece una + +02:07.360 --> 02:11.100 +población callampa Cuando se cae una + +02:11.100 --> 02:13.880 +escuela y se apaga una fábrica Cuando + +02:13.880 --> 02:16.800 +fallece un puerto en el norte y con arena + +02:16.800 --> 02:19.880 +lo tapan Cuando Santiago se apesta y se + +02:19.880 --> 02:23.360 +oxidan sus blancas plazas Cuando se jubila + +02:23.360 --> 02:26.420 +el vino y las viudas empeñan sus casas + +02:26.420 --> 02:31.520 +Digo cabizbaja, viva Chile, mierda + +02:34.440 --> 02:39.840 +Me pregunto de repente y asombrada ¿Por + +02:39.840 --> 02:42.180 +qué diré viva Chile, mierda? Y no mi + +02:42.180 --> 02:45.340 +hermosa patria Quizás en mi ignorancia + +02:45.340 --> 02:49.500 +repito el eco de otro eco ¡Viva! dice el + +02:49.500 --> 02:51.760 +roto con la pepa de oro entre los dedos + +02:51.760 --> 02:54.540 +¡Chile! dice el viento al verde cielo de + +02:54.540 --> 02:56.960 +los ebrios valles ¡Mierda! responde el + +02:56.960 --> 02:58.900 +sapo a la vieja bruja de Talagante + +03:04.000 --> 03:06.300 +¿Qué problema tan profundo se esconde en + +03:06.300 --> 03:09.560 +las líneas de mi mano? ¿Es mi país una + +03:09.560 --> 03:11.460 +ilusión que me sigue como la sombra al + +03:11.460 --> 03:14.340 +perro? No hay viva entre nosotros sin su + +03:14.340 --> 03:17.300 +mierda, compañeros La una para el esclavo, + +03:17.400 --> 03:20.560 +la otra para el encomendero La una para el + +03:20.560 --> 03:23.420 +que explota salitre, cobre, carbón, canado + +03:23.420 --> 03:25.580 +La otra para el que vive su muerte + +03:25.580 --> 03:27.000 +subterránea de minero + +03:31.120 --> 03:34.240 +¿Y cómo penamos si vivimos en pequeña faja + +03:34.240 --> 03:38.680 +en abismo? Frente al pasivo, alguien gritó + +03:38.680 --> 03:42.140 +la maldición primero fue un soldado herido + +03:42.140 --> 03:44.500 +en la batalla de Rancagua, fue un marino + +03:44.500 --> 03:48.780 +en Angamos, un cabo en Cancha Rayada, fue + +03:48.780 --> 03:51.320 +un belguista en La Corruña, o un puño + +03:51.320 --> 03:54.940 +cerrado en San Gregorio, o un pascuense + +03:54.940 --> 03:57.240 +desangrándose en la noche de sus playas. + +04:02.140 --> 04:05.480 +No cantó el payador su soledad a lo + +04:05.480 --> 04:09.600 +divino, y a lo humano se ahorcó con + +04:09.600 --> 04:13.240 +cuentas de guitarra, no siguió el + +04:13.240 --> 04:17.080 +Santísimo a caballo y a cuchillas mantuvo + +04:17.080 --> 04:21.560 +el diablo a raya. ¡Ah, qué empresa tan + +04:21.560 --> 04:26.460 +gigante para destino tan inovado! Entre + +04:26.460 --> 04:30.580 +nieve y mar, con toda el alma, nos vamos + +04:30.580 --> 04:31.900 +contra un rumbo. + +04:37.720 --> 04:40.440 +Por consecuencia en la mañana, cuando Dios + +04:40.440 --> 04:43.820 +nos desconoce Cuando alzado a medianoche + +04:43.820 --> 04:46.720 +sacude un terremoto Cuando el mar saquea + +04:46.720 --> 04:49.060 +nuestras casas y se esconde entre los + +04:49.060 --> 04:51.400 +bosques Cuando Chile ya no puede estar + +04:51.400 --> 04:54.040 +seguro de sus mapas Y cantamos como un + +04:54.040 --> 04:56.420 +gallo que ha de picar el sol en pedazos + +04:56.420 --> 05:00.040 +Digo con firmeza, viva Chile, mierda + +05:04.400 --> 05:10.500 +País pájaro, raíz vegetal, rincón donde el + +05:10.500 --> 05:14.460 +mundo se cierra. Quien lo grite no tendrá + +05:14.460 --> 05:18.900 +paz, caerá para seguir adelante. Y porque + +05:18.900 --> 05:23.020 +de isla en isla, del mar a la cordillera, + +05:23.080 --> 05:26.240 +de una soledad a otra, como de una + +05:26.240 --> 05:29.700 +estrella a otra estrella, nos irá huyendo + +05:29.700 --> 05:32.840 +en los oídos la sentencia de la tierra, + +05:33.340 --> 05:37.640 +digo finalmente, ¡Viva Chile, mierda! + +05:55.180 --> 05:58.040 +Por seguir lo de mi nación + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/gn213vd3845_ev_1_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/gn213vd3845_ev_1_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..352422c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/gn213vd3845_ev_1_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,224 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:19.780 --> 00:20.860 +Kansai International Airport Kansai + +00:20.860 --> 00:21.780 +International Airport Kansai International + +00:21.780 --> 00:23.060 +Airport Kansai International Airport + +00:23.580 --> 00:27.180 +Kansai International Airport Kansai + +00:27.180 --> 00:28.200 +International Airport + +00:33.100 --> 00:36.280 +Cuando al alba sale el guaso a destapar + +00:36.280 --> 00:41.020 +estrellas, y mojado de rocío enciende el + +00:41.020 --> 00:45.060 +fuego en sus espuelas. Cuando el caballo + +00:45.060 --> 00:48.840 +colorado salta la barra del mar, y se + +00:48.840 --> 00:51.460 +estremece el lago con una lenta bruma de + +00:51.460 --> 00:56.300 +patos. Cuando cae el recio alerce y en sus + +00:56.300 --> 01:00.600 +ramas cae el cielo, Digo con nostalgia + +01:02.080 --> 01:04.280 +Viva Chile, mierda + +01:08.920 --> 01:13.600 +Cuando el bus ilumina su escafandra Y las + +01:13.600 --> 01:15.740 +ballenas acercan a mamar en el vientre a + +01:15.740 --> 01:18.620 +las lanchas Cuando cae al fondo el océano + +01:18.620 --> 01:21.560 +los amenta en la patria Y como vaca muerta + +01:21.560 --> 01:24.260 +la arrastra la ola milenaria Cuando + +01:24.260 --> 01:26.360 +explota el carbón y se enciende la + +01:26.360 --> 01:29.720 +Antártida Digo pensativo, viva Chile, + +01:29.880 --> 01:30.500 +mierda! + +01:57.600 --> 01:59.060 +Viva Chile, mierda! + +02:27.380 --> 02:31.520 +Digo cabizbaja, viva Chile, mierda. + +02:35.100 --> 02:39.820 +Me pregunto de repente y asombrada, ¿Por + +02:39.820 --> 02:42.180 +qué diré viva Chile, mierda, y no mi + +02:42.180 --> 02:45.320 +hermosa patria? Quizás en mi ignorancia + +02:45.320 --> 02:49.480 +repito el eco de otro eco. Viva, dice el + +02:49.480 --> 02:51.740 +roto con la pepa de oro entre los dedos. + +02:51.980 --> 02:54.540 +Chile, dice el viento al verde cielo de + +02:54.540 --> 02:57.360 +los ebrios valles. Mierda responde el sapo + +02:57.360 --> 02:58.980 +a la vieja bruja de Talagante. + +03:03.740 --> 03:06.300 +¿Qué problema tan profundo se esconde en + +03:06.300 --> 03:09.560 +las líneas de mi mano? ¿Es mi país una + +03:09.560 --> 03:11.460 +ilusión que me sigue como la sombra al + +03:11.460 --> 03:14.320 +perro? ¿No hay viva entre nosotros sin su + +03:14.320 --> 03:16.860 +mierda, compañeros? La una para el + +03:16.860 --> 03:20.040 +esclavo, la otra para el encomendero. La + +03:20.040 --> 03:22.220 +una para el que explotas al litre, cobre, + +03:22.280 --> 03:25.120 +carbón, canado. la otra para el que vive + +03:25.120 --> 03:26.920 +su muerte subterránea de minero. + +03:31.140 --> 03:34.240 +¿Y cómo penamos si vivimos en pequeña faja + +03:34.240 --> 03:38.320 +en el abismo? Frente al pasivo, alguien + +03:38.320 --> 03:41.280 +gritó la maldición primero. Fue un soldado + +03:41.280 --> 03:44.120 +herido en la batalla de Rancagua, fue un + +03:44.120 --> 03:47.120 +marino en Angamos, un cabo en Cancha + +03:47.120 --> 03:50.940 +Rayada, fue un belguista en La Corruña, un + +03:50.940 --> 03:54.480 +puño cerrado en San Gregorio, o un + +03:54.480 --> 03:56.860 +pascuense desangrándose en la noche de sus + +03:56.860 --> 03:57.240 +playas? + +04:02.040 --> 04:05.460 +No cantó el payador su soledad a lo + +04:05.460 --> 04:09.600 +divino, y a lo humano se ahorcó con + +04:09.600 --> 04:13.240 +cuentas de guitarra. No siguió el + +04:13.240 --> 04:17.080 +santísimo a caballo, y a cuchillas mantuvo + +04:17.080 --> 04:21.560 +el diablo a raya. ¡Ah, qué empresa tan + +04:21.560 --> 04:26.460 +gigante para destino para la nubada. Entre + +04:26.460 --> 04:30.600 +nieve y mar, con toda el alma, nos vamos + +04:30.600 --> 04:39.080 +contra un rumbo. Por consecuencia, + +04:39.080 --> 04:41.200 +en la mañana, cuando Dios nos desconoce, + +04:42.340 --> 04:44.680 +cuando alzado a medianoche sacude un + +04:44.680 --> 04:46.880 +terremoto, cuando el mar saquea nuestras + +04:46.880 --> 04:49.520 +casas y se esconde entre los bosques, + +04:49.520 --> 04:51.960 +Cuando Chile ya no puede estar seguro de + +04:51.960 --> 04:55.100 +sus mapas Y cantamos como un gallo Que ha + +04:55.100 --> 04:57.480 +de picar el sol en pedazos Digo con + +04:57.480 --> 05:00.040 +firmeza ¡Viva Chile, mierda! + +05:04.380 --> 05:10.500 +País pájaro Raíz vegetal Rincón donde el + +05:10.500 --> 05:14.440 +mundo se cierra Quien lo grite no tendrá + +05:14.440 --> 05:19.160 +paz Caerá para seguir adelante Y porque de + +05:19.160 --> 05:23.800 +isla en isla, del mar a la cordillera, de + +05:23.800 --> 05:27.120 +una soledad a otra, como de una estrella a + +05:27.120 --> 05:30.000 +otra estrella, nos irá huyando en los + +05:30.000 --> 05:33.840 +oídos la sentencia de la tierra, digo + +05:33.840 --> 05:37.680 +finalmente, ¡Viva Chile, mi arda! + +06:03.660 --> 06:05.540 +¡Gracias por ver el video! + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/gn213vd3845_ev_2_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/gn213vd3845_ev_2_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..65f4fb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/gn213vd3845_ev_2_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,908 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:10.180 --> 00:15.500 +¿Qué es la + +00:15.500 --> 00:19.320 +familia de mi papá? Bueno, en Chile, la + +00:19.320 --> 00:22.280 +familia de mi papá no tenía dinero, pero + +00:22.280 --> 00:25.340 +no eran pobres, pobres. Eran clase media, + +00:25.400 --> 00:29.680 +baja. Mi abuelo vendía, yo no sé qué + +00:29.680 --> 00:32.000 +vendía, pero viajaba y era vendedor de + +00:32.000 --> 00:35.120 +algo. Y mi papá fue a la universidad, + +00:35.260 --> 00:39.800 +empezó a ir a la universidad. Y luego se + +00:39.800 --> 00:41.940 +vino en un barco con unos amigos, se vino + +00:41.940 --> 00:46.060 +a los Estados Unidos en un barco. Llegaron + +00:46.060 --> 00:49.100 +aquí y como todo latinoamericano que + +00:49.100 --> 00:51.700 +viene, sin un centavo, tuvo que trabajar + +00:51.700 --> 00:57.260 +lavando platos. Entonces eso fue en Ohio y + +00:57.260 --> 01:01.960 +ahí fue que empezó y fue a la universidad, + +01:01.980 --> 01:03.920 +empezó a ir a la universidad y luego vino + +01:03.920 --> 01:08.760 +a Berkeley. Alegría llegó a Berkeley + +01:08.760 --> 01:12.540 +durante los años 1940. Era solo más de 20 + +01:12.540 --> 01:16.320 +años. Vio a perseguir su doctorado en + +01:16.320 --> 01:19.340 +literatura española. literatura. Él + +01:19.340 --> 01:21.800 +participaría activamente en las académicas + +01:21.800 --> 01:23.380 +durante la mayor parte de su vida. + +01:47.000 --> 01:50.180 +Los cuatro hermanos somos yo, sigue un + +01:50.180 --> 01:53.720 +hermano Santiago, Andrés, otro hermano, y + +01:53.720 --> 01:56.220 +Isabel, mi otra hermana, y todos nacimos + +01:56.220 --> 02:00.240 +aquí. Pero desde chicos, en la casa, + +02:00.320 --> 02:04.080 +siempre fue como una pequeña isla, porque + +02:04.080 --> 02:07.960 +ahí llegaban pintores y escritores y + +02:07.960 --> 02:10.340 +amigos académicos, pero siempre era una + +02:10.340 --> 02:13.800 +isla así latinoamericana, siempre fue. Y + +02:13.800 --> 02:17.820 +afuera estaba el barrio de aquí con todos + +02:17.820 --> 02:20.160 +los gringuitos y nosotros salíamos y + +02:20.160 --> 02:23.340 +jugamos y todo, pero en la casa ahí era + +02:23.340 --> 02:27.340 +otra cosa, era una vida en América Latina. + +02:28.440 --> 02:31.240 +Fernando pertenece a una generación de + +02:31.240 --> 02:34.260 +latinoamericanistas que comenzó a trabajar + +02:34.260 --> 02:36.640 +en las universidades norteamericanas en la + +02:36.640 --> 02:40.320 +década del 50. Creo que a esta generación + +02:40.320 --> 02:43.520 +te debemos darle crédito por ser la + +02:43.520 --> 02:47.680 +primera que incluye literatura + +02:47.680 --> 02:50.360 +latinoamericana en los programas oficiales + +02:50.360 --> 02:52.560 +de las universidades. Hasta ese momento, + +02:52.680 --> 02:55.300 +el fuerte en los ofrecimientos de curso + +02:55.300 --> 03:00.240 +era la literatura española. A partir del + +03:00.240 --> 03:01.580 +trabajo que hacen estos + +03:01.580 --> 03:04.780 +latinoamericanistas, la literatura del + +03:04.780 --> 03:07.220 +continente nuestro de América Latina + +03:07.220 --> 03:10.800 +comienza a ser difundida, comienza a ser + +03:10.800 --> 03:14.600 +mejor valorada y comienza a tener una + +03:14.600 --> 03:18.080 +atención crítica cada vez mayor. Y bueno, + +03:18.240 --> 03:22.500 +eso también explica en parte la buena + +03:22.500 --> 03:25.560 +recepción que tiene en la década del 60, + +03:25.920 --> 03:27.760 +cuando aparece el llamado boom. + +03:46.560 --> 03:47.800 +la breve historia de la novela + +03:47.800 --> 03:50.160 +hispanoamericana, Walt Whitman en + +03:50.160 --> 03:52.620 +Hispanoamérica. Todos estos trabajos + +03:52.620 --> 03:54.620 +fueron parte de la bibliografía básica en + +03:54.620 --> 03:56.720 +el campo en ese tiempo y nos sirvieron + +03:56.720 --> 03:58.760 +bien en nuestro propio trabajo graduado. + +03:59.140 --> 04:01.780 +Fernando hizo un gran cambio en los años + +04:01.780 --> 04:05.240 +1950 y 60 para abrir el campo de la + +04:05.240 --> 04:07.020 +literatura latinoamericana y hacerla + +04:07.020 --> 04:08.200 +accesible a los estudiantes + +04:08.200 --> 04:12.340 +norteamericanos. estudiantes. Allen + +04:12.340 --> 04:15.920 +Ginsberg era un estudiante ocasional en la + +04:15.920 --> 04:18.660 +Universidad de Berkeley. Fernando lo + +04:18.660 --> 04:23.940 +conocía y se apresuró a traducir el poema + +04:23.940 --> 04:29.260 +Howl, Aullido. Le pareció que partía una + +04:29.260 --> 04:34.480 +aero en dos y consecuente con su visión de + +04:34.480 --> 04:38.200 +vida de desafiar los límites se apresuró + +04:38.200 --> 04:42.420 +Fernando a traducir el poema. Tanto se + +04:42.420 --> 04:44.680 +apresuró que Fernando no conocía la + +04:44.680 --> 04:47.980 +palabra de slang hip ni por supuesto + +04:47.980 --> 04:52.640 +hippie y lo tradujo como cadera y + +04:52.640 --> 04:56.240 +caderones. Con los años Fernando se iba a + +04:56.240 --> 04:58.360 +reír mucho de que era era la peor + +04:58.360 --> 05:00.660 +traducción que se ha hecho del poema de + +05:00.660 --> 05:03.460 +Ginsberg y que la única disculpa era la + +05:03.460 --> 05:05.400 +rapidez con que quiso ponerlo a + +05:05.400 --> 05:09.240 +disposición del público. Esta canción la + +05:09.240 --> 05:11.460 +escribió mi papá. Escribió un poema que se + +05:11.460 --> 05:13.000 +llama El Esquinazo del Guerriguero. + +05:15.160 --> 05:17.920 +Entonces Joan Baez escribió la música, me + +05:17.920 --> 05:21.020 +parece. Y ella se la va a cantar ojalá + +05:21.020 --> 05:23.220 +algún día porque yo no puedo cantar bien, + +05:23.340 --> 05:28.400 +pero a ver si me acuerdo. La 5 ya van a + +05:28.400 --> 05:36.140 +dar, las 5 de la mañana, ábreme tu puerta + +05:36.140 --> 05:40.420 +mi alma, que he perdido una batalla. Esta + +05:40.420 --> 05:44.040 +canción la puso en un disco, en una + +05:44.040 --> 05:46.780 +producción que hizo latinoamericana Joan + +05:46.780 --> 05:49.480 +Baez. precisamente yo la había regañado a + +05:49.480 --> 05:52.960 +ella que estaba cantando puro cucú paloma + +05:52.960 --> 05:56.060 +y cosas tradicionales y no decía nada + +05:56.060 --> 05:58.540 +acerca de la realidad, por qué luchaba + +05:58.540 --> 06:01.520 +América Latina y ella se encabronó conmigo + +06:01.520 --> 06:03.220 +y yo me encabroné con ella y bueno, + +06:03.340 --> 06:05.820 +finalmente ella se hizo amiga de Fernando + +06:05.820 --> 06:08.460 +y le prometió las perlas de la virgen, le + +06:08.460 --> 06:10.280 +grabó la canción y creo que nunca le pagó + +06:10.280 --> 06:14.140 +regalías El Esquinazo del Guerrillero, que + +06:14.140 --> 06:17.300 +habla de la relación de amor de un + +06:17.300 --> 06:21.060 +guerrillero con una muchacha y habla de la + +06:21.060 --> 06:26.280 +lucha armada, que es una realidad de todos + +06:26.280 --> 06:29.420 +los países pobres. Yo creo que para mi + +06:29.420 --> 06:31.560 +padre era como un orgullo sentirse de + +06:31.560 --> 06:36.100 +alguna manera rodeado, sentir el afecto, + +06:36.100 --> 06:38.340 +la relación de cercanía que se daba a este + +06:38.340 --> 06:41.440 +extremo mundo más intelectual y él mismo + +06:41.440 --> 06:43.860 +como político. Y dentro de esa atmósfera, + +06:43.860 --> 06:46.140 +obviamente, hay un espacio Fernanda + +06:46.140 --> 06:50.020 +Aurelia. Yo creo que es un recuerdo que + +06:50.020 --> 06:54.000 +dejó, desde luego, esa relación estrecha, + +06:54.000 --> 06:56.840 +cálida, con mis padres, con la familia, y + +06:56.840 --> 06:58.700 +el recuerdo de Fernanda en ese sentido, + +06:59.640 --> 07:03.600 +aquí en Guardia Vieja, existe, existió, y + +07:03.600 --> 07:05.720 +creo que es importante destacar, digamos, + +07:05.740 --> 07:07.940 +que él no solo se sintió cercano entonces + +07:07.940 --> 07:09.680 +a la hora de ir de político, sino que + +07:09.680 --> 07:11.980 +contribuyó activamente a la campaña, + +07:12.060 --> 07:14.960 +estuvo presente, fue generoso en su + +07:14.960 --> 07:17.360 +aporte. No hay que olvidar entonces lo que + +07:17.360 --> 07:20.600 +significó el haber entregado los derechos + +07:20.600 --> 07:22.900 +y lo que significó el poema, digamos, Viva + +07:22.900 --> 07:25.140 +Chile Mierda, que sirvió evidentemente en + +07:25.140 --> 07:27.080 +la campaña del 64. Esto fue muy + +07:27.080 --> 07:30.420 +importante. En su poema Viva Chile Mierda, + +07:30.560 --> 07:34.060 +Fernando Alegría muestra nuevamente esa + +07:34.060 --> 07:37.880 +concepción de la historia en que lo que + +07:37.880 --> 07:41.880 +importa son los sueños colectivos y es + +07:41.880 --> 07:45.800 +esta humanidad de los perdedores que está + +07:45.800 --> 07:50.380 +reafirmando su derecho a la vida y su + +07:50.380 --> 07:54.200 +derecho a las utopías. ¿Qué es lo que más + +07:54.200 --> 07:54.260 +te ha gustado de Fernando? + +08:21.960 --> 08:25.880 +que está fichado en 1942, que se llama + +08:25.880 --> 08:29.720 +Aquel lado de la cortina, donde aparece yo + +08:29.720 --> 08:32.440 +creo que por primera vez el problema de la + +08:32.440 --> 08:35.180 +discriminación de los chicanos en Estados + +08:35.180 --> 08:38.800 +Unidos. En ese tiempo, César Chávez y el + +08:38.800 --> 08:42.460 +movimiento campesino era muy fuerte. Como + +08:42.460 --> 08:46.120 +chicana, nacida en California, de padres + +08:46.120 --> 08:49.620 +de Nuevo México, entré a la universidad. + +08:49.620 --> 08:56.520 +cuando ya tenía yo tres hijos y 30 años + +08:56.520 --> 09:00.140 +era un poco más de edad de los estudiantes + +09:00.140 --> 09:04.980 +que usualmente entran después de luchas + +09:04.980 --> 09:08.960 +para abrir la universidad a las minorías. + +09:09.260 --> 09:12.860 +Entonces, gente como Fernando fueron los + +09:12.860 --> 09:17.480 +líderes para nosotros, maestros, gente ya + +09:17.480 --> 09:22.020 +preparados con luchas y perspectivas + +09:22.020 --> 09:25.880 +mundiales. Entonces, para nosotros era muy + +09:25.880 --> 09:29.200 +importante la unificación de los chicanos + +09:29.200 --> 09:31.640 +con los latinos y con los mexicanos. + +09:38.360 --> 09:42.620 +En 1970, la gente de Chile eleccionó a + +09:42.620 --> 09:44.440 +Salvador Allende como presidente. + +10:01.640 --> 10:07.240 +Con Fos, Salvador Allende, en 1970, fue + +10:07.240 --> 10:11.920 +designado agregado cultural a la Embajada + +10:11.920 --> 10:15.420 +de Chile en Washington. Abrió un espacio + +10:15.420 --> 10:18.740 +en Estados Unidos donde las relaciones no + +10:18.740 --> 10:20.300 +estaban exentas de tensiones, + +10:20.300 --> 10:22.700 +particularmente a raíz del tema de la + +10:22.700 --> 10:27.120 +nacionalización de las minas de cobre y el + +10:27.120 --> 10:29.040 +no pago de indemnización, digamos, por lo + +10:29.040 --> 10:30.860 +que se consideró las rentabilidades + +10:30.860 --> 10:33.520 +excesivas. y por lo tanto Fernando era + +10:33.520 --> 10:36.080 +como una pieza clave para abrir otro + +10:36.080 --> 10:38.420 +espacio, darse a conocer este país, su + +10:38.420 --> 10:41.160 +experiencia, la sensibilidad que se tenía + +10:41.160 --> 10:43.280 +en el ámbito de la cultura, de la gente + +10:43.280 --> 10:46.460 +joven, de las brigadas que participaban, y + +10:46.460 --> 10:48.900 +se lograron crear cosas muy importantes. + +10:49.300 --> 10:52.960 +La trascendencia de Allende es una + +10:52.960 --> 10:55.980 +trascendencia que va de lo + +10:55.980 --> 11:00.960 +socialdemócrata, democrático, al heroísmo + +11:00.960 --> 11:01.380 +popular. + +11:04.840 --> 11:07.980 +Allende fue entrando poco a poco en el + +11:07.980 --> 11:12.360 +sentido heroico, épico del pueblo chileno + +11:12.360 --> 11:18.100 +en sus hazañas por conquistar una libertad + +11:18.100 --> 11:22.020 +individual con toda la responsabilidad + +11:22.020 --> 11:26.080 +social que uno imagina en héroes de esta + +11:26.080 --> 11:26.900 +naturaleza + +11:35.280 --> 11:40.280 +En septiembre 11 de 1973, Fernando Alegría + +11:40.280 --> 11:42.640 +estaba planeando comer en la casa de Pablo + +11:42.640 --> 11:45.340 +Neruda, que había sido enfermo en la isla + +11:45.340 --> 11:49.200 +de Isla Negra. En su memoria, Matilde + +11:49.200 --> 11:52.580 +Urrutia, la abogada de Neruda, dice cómo + +11:52.580 --> 11:54.840 +estaba en la cocina preparando para la + +11:54.840 --> 11:57.400 +visita de Alegría cuando escuchó las + +11:57.400 --> 12:00.320 +noticias del Cú de Ta. La comida, por + +12:00.320 --> 12:01.720 +supuesto, nunca se tomó. + +12:04.820 --> 12:08.040 +Alegría se hundió de inmediato. Le dio + +12:08.040 --> 12:10.520 +protección a los priestas dominicanos de + +12:10.520 --> 12:13.540 +Recoleta, cerca del barrio donde creció. + +12:18.160 --> 12:22.920 +Cuando leí sobre el funeral de Neruda, el + +12:22.920 --> 12:29.220 +otro día en los papeles, por supuesto, el + +12:29.220 --> 12:34.180 +sentido de la gran tristeza, la tragedia + +12:34.180 --> 12:37.600 +que nos pasó en Chile cuando perdimos a + +12:37.600 --> 12:40.000 +nuestro gran líder, nuestro gran poeta + +12:40.000 --> 12:45.100 +pero al mismo tiempo, me sentí feliz que + +12:45.100 --> 12:48.140 +el funeral de Neruda se convirtiera en una + +12:48.140 --> 12:50.380 +demostración política en el General + +12:50.380 --> 12:53.040 +Cemetery de Santiago Tiago, porque sabes + +12:53.040 --> 12:55.160 +lo que pasó. De repente, las personas, + +12:55.280 --> 12:57.300 +como si estuvieran caminando al cemitério, + +12:57.300 --> 13:01.020 +y Matilde, su esposa, estaba siguiendo la + +13:01.020 --> 13:03.240 +cofina. De repente, estas personas, + +13:03.360 --> 13:06.480 +escritores, amigos personales, profesores + +13:06.480 --> 13:09.640 +de la universidad, trabajadores, tal vez + +13:09.640 --> 13:11.740 +personas que salieron del subterráneo solo + +13:11.740 --> 13:14.700 +para estar ahí con Neruda, comenzaron a + +13:14.700 --> 13:16.680 +cantar el Internacional. + +13:25.700 --> 13:28.360 +Y tienes que pensar qué significa esto, + +13:28.360 --> 13:32.080 +estas 1.000 o 2.000 personas cantando las + +13:32.080 --> 13:35.680 +palabras de La Internacional en Santiago, + +13:36.040 --> 13:37.820 +en un momento en el que hay alrededor de 7 + +13:37.820 --> 13:42.800 +.000 o 10.000 personas en prisión, algunas + +13:42.800 --> 13:45.560 +de ellas, quizás, esperando la ejecución + +13:45.560 --> 13:50.260 +sin tránsito. Esto, en un gran modo, me + +13:50.260 --> 13:53.100 +parece que muestra el espíritu, el + +13:53.100 --> 13:57.340 +espíritu de lucha, que no ha desaparecido + +13:57.340 --> 14:00.400 +en Chile. Creo que la gente de Chile está + +14:00.400 --> 14:04.360 +preparándose para algún tipo de + +14:04.360 --> 14:07.200 +acontecimiento que va a cambiar este + +14:07.200 --> 14:09.920 +horrible desastre que está sucediendo en + +14:09.920 --> 14:10.480 +nuestro país. + +14:17.780 --> 14:20.060 +Casi inmediatamente después del + +14:20.060 --> 14:22.660 +reclutamiento militar, la Junta emitió un + +14:22.660 --> 14:25.200 +decreto oficial permanente, banando a + +14:25.200 --> 14:26.440 +cuatro líderes de izquierda prominentes de + +14:26.440 --> 14:27.940 +Chile. + +14:30.940 --> 14:34.260 +Uno de ellos fue Fernando Alegría. + +14:46.640 --> 14:48.160 +Fernando entonces también para nosotros + +14:48.160 --> 14:50.140 +fue muy importante que denunciara como lo + +14:50.140 --> 14:52.280 +hizo, con la fuerza que lo hizo, con las + +14:52.280 --> 14:54.020 +consecuencias que lo hizo, las graves + +14:54.020 --> 14:55.800 +violaciones de derechos humanos ocurridas + +14:55.800 --> 14:58.060 +en Chile. Sobre todo en lo que había sido + +14:58.060 --> 15:00.780 +asesinatos, ejecuciones, desapariciones, + +15:00.780 --> 15:03.900 +en fin. Y yo creo que una voz como la de + +15:03.900 --> 15:06.440 +él, tan escuchada, por supuesto nos ayudó + +15:06.440 --> 15:08.040 +a nosotros en lo que tratábamos de hacer, + +15:08.120 --> 15:10.960 +que era la sensibilización del mundo sobre + +15:10.960 --> 15:12.880 +lo que estaba ocurriendo en Chile, las + +15:12.880 --> 15:14.480 +graves violaciones a los derechos humanos, + +15:14.720 --> 15:16.580 +por sobre todo que esto era una política + +15:16.580 --> 15:19.400 +de Estado, hecha con fondos del Estado, + +15:19.560 --> 15:22.040 +con agentes del Estado y por supuesto con + +15:22.040 --> 15:23.440 +la responsabilidad directa de Augusto + +15:23.440 --> 15:25.760 +Pinochet, que era quien encabezaba la + +15:25.760 --> 15:27.480 +dictadura y de ahí para abajo + +15:27.480 --> 15:29.100 +jerarquizados los servicios de + +15:29.100 --> 15:31.520 +inteligencia que ejecutaban estas + +15:31.520 --> 15:38.100 +políticas. Creo que vamos a ver algunas + +15:38.100 --> 15:39.560 +cosas muy importantes Hay muchas cosas + +15:39.560 --> 15:44.940 +importantes que no sé respecto a lo que ha + +15:44.940 --> 15:50.200 +pasado en Chile. Creo que el fondo del + +15:50.200 --> 15:52.540 +movimiento de liberación chileno no está + +15:52.540 --> 15:55.980 +rompido por cualquier forma. Creo que la + +15:55.980 --> 15:58.020 +fiesta de la resistencia se va a crecer. + +15:58.980 --> 16:04.940 +Creo que vamos a ver una segunda, una + +16:04.940 --> 16:08.380 +tercera liberación de la gente chilena. I + +16:08.380 --> 16:14.100 +believe that Allende and Neruda did not + +16:14.100 --> 16:18.360 +die in vain. I think they each in his own + +16:18.360 --> 16:23.200 +manner died for what they believed, died + +16:23.200 --> 16:25.720 +in the case of Neruda believing that + +16:25.720 --> 16:29.660 +poetry is action, poetry is life, and in + +16:29.660 --> 16:31.840 +the case of Allende that the cause of + +16:31.840 --> 16:34.620 +justice, de la social revolución en Chile + +16:34.620 --> 16:40.000 +fue lo que quería hacer y no podía ver, no + +16:40.000 --> 16:43.080 +podía sobrevivir al terrible golpe que la + +16:43.080 --> 16:44.460 +gente chilena estaba tomando en ese + +16:44.460 --> 16:48.620 +momento. Poco después de que volviera de + +16:48.620 --> 16:51.100 +Chile, Alegría publicó un artículo + +16:51.100 --> 16:53.080 +denunciando el coup en un revista + +16:53.080 --> 16:57.020 +mexicana. Viajó regularmente a México para + +16:57.020 --> 16:59.220 +visitar a los exiles políticos chilenos + +16:59.220 --> 17:01.140 +que que habían encontrado refugio allí, + +17:01.380 --> 17:04.620 +entre ellos Hortensia Busi, la abogada de + +17:04.620 --> 17:05.660 +Salvador Allende. + +17:09.580 --> 17:12.680 +Él entendió que su tarea era también + +17:12.680 --> 17:15.660 +luchar por el retorno de la democracia y + +17:15.660 --> 17:18.840 +de la libertad en nuestro país. Y lo hizo + +17:18.840 --> 17:23.160 +con la riqueza, con la cultura, con la + +17:23.160 --> 17:26.060 +pasión que él ponía en las causas nobles + +17:26.060 --> 17:28.760 +que eran las suyas. Y luego, después del + +17:28.760 --> 17:31.060 +violento despliegue del gobierno Allende, + +17:31.540 --> 17:35.180 +Fernando fue muy apoyado de las fuerzas + +17:35.180 --> 17:37.740 +democráticas en Chile, de los que fueron + +17:37.740 --> 17:40.560 +perseguidos y imprisionados, así como de + +17:40.560 --> 17:43.360 +los que fueron forzados a exilarse y a ser + +17:43.360 --> 17:45.860 +dirigidos desde Chile. Fundaron la revista + +17:45.860 --> 17:48.100 +Literatura Chilena en el Exilio, que luego + +17:48.100 --> 17:51.140 +se llamó Literatura Chilena, Creación y + +17:51.140 --> 17:53.380 +Crítica. Muchos intelectuales + +17:53.380 --> 17:55.960 +latinoamericanos y muchos escritores, + +17:55.960 --> 17:57.580 +entre ellos Gabriel García Márquez, + +17:58.480 --> 18:01.280 +colaboraron en forma bastante efectiva y + +18:01.280 --> 18:03.260 +bastante constante con el proyecto. + +18:22.780 --> 18:28.060 +Vengo a llamar la atención con voz de + +18:28.060 --> 18:33.440 +cantor serrano al hombre que va sin manos + +18:33.440 --> 18:36.720 +por seguir lo de mi nación. + +18:41.780 --> 18:47.840 +No ignoren su turbación, que las flores se + +18:47.840 --> 18:54.740 +apagaron y los ríos se secaron, privados + +18:54.740 --> 19:01.540 +de primaveras. Por las movidas areteras de + +19:01.540 --> 19:04.460 +tigres que lo mataron + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/gn213vd3845_ev_2_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/gn213vd3845_ev_2_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f5a5eb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/gn213vd3845_ev_2_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,902 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:16.900 --> 00:21.140 +Bueno, en Chile la familia de mi papá no + +00:21.140 --> 00:23.480 +tenía dinero, pero no eran pobres, pobres. + +00:23.480 --> 00:28.940 +eran clase media-baja. Mi abuelo vendía, + +00:29.000 --> 00:31.340 +yo no sé qué vendía, pero viajaba y era + +00:31.340 --> 00:34.440 +vendedor de algo. Y mi papá fue a la + +00:34.440 --> 00:37.080 +universidad, empezó a ir a la universidad, + +00:37.240 --> 00:41.140 +y luego se vino en un barco con unos + +00:41.140 --> 00:44.700 +amigos, se vino a los Estados Unidos en un + +00:44.700 --> 00:47.600 +barco. Llegaron aquí y como todo + +00:47.600 --> 00:50.900 +latinoamericano que viene, sin un centavo + +00:50.900 --> 00:54.960 +tuvo que trabajar lavando platos. Entonces + +00:54.960 --> 01:01.020 +eso fue en Ohio y ahí fue que empezó y fue + +01:01.020 --> 01:02.780 +a la universidad, empezó a ir a la + +01:02.780 --> 01:04.300 +universidad y luego se fue a Berkeley. + +01:07.120 --> 01:09.700 +Alegría llegó a Berkeley durante los años + +01:09.700 --> 01:14.940 +1940. Era sólo más de 20 años. Vio su + +01:14.940 --> 01:17.500 +doctorado en en la literatura española. + +01:19.060 --> 01:21.740 +Participaría activamente en las academias + +01:21.740 --> 01:23.400 +durante la mayoría de su vida. + +01:46.300 --> 01:49.340 +Nosotros, los cuatro hermanos, somos yo, + +01:49.460 --> 01:52.960 +sigo un hermano, Santiago, Andrés, otro + +01:52.960 --> 01:55.660 +hermano, y Isabel, mi otra hermana, y + +01:55.660 --> 01:59.720 +todos nacimos aquí. Pero desde chicos, en + +01:59.720 --> 02:02.480 +la casa, siempre fue como una pequeña + +02:02.480 --> 02:06.140 +isla, porque ahí llegaban pintores y + +02:06.140 --> 02:09.540 +escritores y amigos académicos, pero + +02:09.540 --> 02:11.940 +siempre era una isla así latinoamericana, + +02:12.060 --> 02:16.760 +siempre fue. Y afuera estaba el barrio de + +02:16.760 --> 02:19.240 +aquí con todos los gringuitos y nosotros + +02:19.240 --> 02:22.280 +salíamos y jugamos y todo, pero en la casa + +02:22.280 --> 02:26.720 +ahí era otra cosa, era una vida en América + +02:26.720 --> 02:30.260 +Latina. Fernando pertenece a una + +02:30.260 --> 02:33.360 +generación de latinoamericanistas que + +02:33.360 --> 02:35.240 +comenzó a trabajar en las universidades + +02:35.240 --> 02:38.520 +norteamericanas en la década del 50. Creo + +02:38.520 --> 02:41.520 +que a esta generación te debemos darle + +02:41.520 --> 02:46.780 +crédito por ser la primera que incluye + +02:46.780 --> 02:49.120 +literatura latinoamericana en los + +02:49.120 --> 02:51.200 +programas oficiales de las universidades. + +02:51.420 --> 02:54.160 +Hasta ese momento, el fuerte en los + +02:54.160 --> 02:57.580 +ofrecimientos de curso era la literatura + +02:57.580 --> 03:01.280 +española. A partir del trabajo que hacen + +03:01.280 --> 03:04.380 +estos latinoamericanistas, la literatura + +03:04.380 --> 03:07.220 +del continente nuestro de América Latina + +03:07.220 --> 03:10.800 +comienza a ser difundida, comienza a ser + +03:10.800 --> 03:14.600 +mejor valorada y comienza a tener una + +03:14.600 --> 03:18.080 +atención crítica cada vez mayor. Y bueno, + +03:18.240 --> 03:22.500 +eso también explica en parte la buena + +03:22.500 --> 03:25.560 +recepción que tiene en la década del 60, + +03:25.920 --> 03:27.760 +cuando aparece el llamado boom. + +03:46.560 --> 03:47.800 +la breve historia de la novela + +03:47.800 --> 03:50.160 +hispanoamericana, Walt Whitman en + +03:50.160 --> 03:52.620 +Hispanoamérica. Todos estos trabajos + +03:52.620 --> 03:54.620 +fueron parte de la bibliografía básica en + +03:54.620 --> 03:56.720 +el campo en ese tiempo y nos sirvieron + +03:56.720 --> 03:58.760 +bien en nuestro propio trabajo graduado. + +03:59.140 --> 04:01.780 +Fernando hizo un gran cambio en los años + +04:01.780 --> 04:05.240 +1950 y 60 para abrir el campo de la + +04:05.240 --> 04:07.020 +literatura latinoamericana y hacerla + +04:07.020 --> 04:08.200 +accesible a los estudiantes + +04:08.200 --> 04:12.340 +norteamericanos. estudiantes. Allen + +04:12.340 --> 04:15.920 +Ginsberg era un estudiante ocasional en la + +04:15.920 --> 04:18.660 +Universidad de Berkeley. Fernando lo + +04:18.660 --> 04:23.940 +conocía y se apresuró a traducir el poema + +04:23.940 --> 04:29.260 +Howl, Aullido. Le pareció que partía una + +04:29.260 --> 04:34.480 +aero en dos y consecuente con su visión de + +04:34.480 --> 04:38.200 +vida de desafiar los límites se apresuró + +04:38.200 --> 04:42.420 +Fernando a traducir el poema. Tanto se + +04:42.420 --> 04:44.680 +apresuró que Fernando no conocía la + +04:44.680 --> 04:47.980 +palabra de slang hip ni por supuesto + +04:47.980 --> 04:52.640 +hippie y lo tradujo como cadera y + +04:52.640 --> 04:56.240 +caderones. Con los años Fernando se iba a + +04:56.240 --> 04:58.360 +reír mucho de que era era la peor + +04:58.360 --> 05:00.660 +traducción que se ha hecho del poema de + +05:00.660 --> 05:03.460 +Ginsberg y que la única disculpa era la + +05:03.460 --> 05:05.400 +rapidez con que quiso ponerlo a + +05:05.400 --> 05:09.240 +disposición del público. Esta canción la + +05:09.240 --> 05:11.460 +escribió mi papá. Escribió un poema que se + +05:11.460 --> 05:13.000 +llama El Esquinazo del Guerriguero. + +05:15.160 --> 05:17.920 +Entonces Joan Baez escribió la música, me + +05:17.920 --> 05:21.020 +parece. Y ella se la va a cantar ojalá + +05:21.020 --> 05:23.220 +algún día porque yo no puedo cantar bien, + +05:23.340 --> 05:28.400 +pero a ver si me acuerdo. La 5 ya van a + +05:28.400 --> 05:36.140 +dar, las 5 de la mañana, ábreme tu puerta + +05:36.140 --> 05:40.420 +mi alma, que he perdido una batalla. Esta + +05:40.420 --> 05:44.040 +canción la puso en un disco, en una + +05:44.040 --> 05:46.780 +producción que hizo latinoamericana Joan + +05:46.780 --> 05:49.480 +Baez. precisamente yo la había regañado a + +05:49.480 --> 05:52.960 +ella que estaba cantando puro cucú paloma + +05:52.960 --> 05:56.060 +y cosas tradicionales y no decía nada + +05:56.060 --> 05:58.540 +acerca de la realidad, por qué luchaba + +05:58.540 --> 06:01.520 +América Latina y ella se encabronó conmigo + +06:01.520 --> 06:03.220 +y yo me encabroné con ella y bueno, + +06:03.340 --> 06:05.820 +finalmente ella se hizo amiga de Fernando + +06:05.820 --> 06:08.460 +y le prometió las perlas de la virgen, le + +06:08.460 --> 06:10.280 +grabó la canción y creo que nunca le pagó + +06:10.280 --> 06:14.140 +regalías El Esquinazo del Guerrillero, que + +06:14.140 --> 06:17.300 +habla de la relación de amor de un + +06:17.300 --> 06:21.060 +guerrillero con una muchacha y habla de la + +06:21.060 --> 06:26.280 +lucha armada, que es una realidad de todos + +06:26.280 --> 06:29.420 +los países pobres. Yo creo que para mi + +06:29.420 --> 06:31.560 +padre era como un orgullo sentirse de + +06:31.560 --> 06:36.100 +alguna manera rodeado, sentir el afecto, + +06:36.100 --> 06:38.340 +la relación de cercanía que se daba a este + +06:38.340 --> 06:41.440 +extremo mundo más intelectual y él mismo + +06:41.440 --> 06:43.860 +como político. Y dentro de esa atmósfera, + +06:43.860 --> 06:46.140 +obviamente, hay un espacio Fernanda + +06:46.140 --> 06:50.020 +Aurelia. Yo creo que es un recuerdo que + +06:50.020 --> 06:54.000 +dejó, desde luego, esa relación estrecha, + +06:54.000 --> 06:56.840 +cálida, con mis padres, con la familia, y + +06:56.840 --> 06:58.700 +el recuerdo de Fernanda en ese sentido, + +06:59.640 --> 07:03.600 +aquí en Guardia Vieja, existe, existió, y + +07:03.600 --> 07:05.720 +creo que es importante destacar, digamos, + +07:05.740 --> 07:07.940 +que él no solo se sintió cercano entonces + +07:07.940 --> 07:09.680 +a la hora de ir de político, sino que + +07:09.680 --> 07:11.980 +contribuyó activamente a la campaña, + +07:12.060 --> 07:14.960 +estuvo presente, fue generoso en su + +07:14.960 --> 07:17.360 +aporte. No hay que olvidar entonces lo que + +07:17.360 --> 07:20.600 +significó el haber entregado los derechos + +07:20.600 --> 07:22.900 +y lo que significó el poema, digamos, Viva + +07:22.900 --> 07:25.140 +Chile Mierda, que sirvió evidentemente en + +07:25.140 --> 07:27.080 +la campaña del 64. Esto fue muy + +07:27.080 --> 07:30.420 +importante. En su poema Viva Chile Mierda, + +07:30.560 --> 07:34.060 +Fernando Alegría muestra nuevamente esa + +07:34.060 --> 07:37.880 +concepción de la historia en que lo que + +07:37.880 --> 07:41.880 +importa son los sueños colectivos y es + +07:41.880 --> 07:45.800 +esta humanidad de los perdedores que está + +07:45.800 --> 07:50.380 +reafirmando su derecho a la vida y su + +07:50.380 --> 07:54.200 +derecho a las utopías. ¿Qué es lo que más + +07:54.200 --> 07:54.260 +te ha gustado de Fernando? + +08:21.960 --> 08:25.880 +que está fichado en 1942, que se llama + +08:25.880 --> 08:29.720 +Aquel lado de la cortina, donde aparece yo + +08:29.720 --> 08:32.440 +creo que por primera vez el problema de la + +08:32.440 --> 08:35.180 +discriminación de los chicanos en Estados + +08:35.180 --> 08:38.800 +Unidos. En ese tiempo, César Chávez y el + +08:38.800 --> 08:42.460 +movimiento campesino era muy fuerte. Como + +08:42.460 --> 08:46.120 +chicana, nacida en California, de padres + +08:46.120 --> 08:49.620 +de Nuevo México, entré a la universidad. + +08:49.620 --> 08:56.520 +cuando ya tenía yo tres hijos y 30 años + +08:56.520 --> 09:00.140 +era un poco más de edad de los estudiantes + +09:00.140 --> 09:04.980 +que usualmente entran después de luchas + +09:04.980 --> 09:08.960 +para abrir la universidad a las minorías. + +09:09.260 --> 09:12.860 +Entonces, gente como Fernando fueron los + +09:12.860 --> 09:17.480 +líderes para nosotros, maestros, gente ya + +09:17.480 --> 09:22.020 +preparados con luchas y perspectivas + +09:22.020 --> 09:25.880 +mundiales. Entonces, para nosotros era muy + +09:25.880 --> 09:29.200 +importante la unificación de los chicanos + +09:29.200 --> 09:31.640 +con los latinos y con los mexicanos. + +09:38.360 --> 09:42.620 +En 1970, la gente de Chile eleccionó a + +09:42.620 --> 09:44.440 +Salvador Allende como presidente. + +10:01.640 --> 10:07.240 +Con Fos, Salvador Allende, en 1970, fue + +10:07.240 --> 10:11.920 +designado agregado cultural a la Embajada + +10:11.920 --> 10:15.420 +de Chile en Washington. Abrió un espacio + +10:15.420 --> 10:18.740 +en Estados Unidos donde las relaciones no + +10:18.740 --> 10:20.300 +estaban exentas de tensiones, + +10:20.300 --> 10:22.700 +particularmente a raíz del tema de la + +10:22.700 --> 10:27.120 +nacionalización de las minas de cobre y el + +10:27.120 --> 10:29.040 +no pago de indemnización, digamos, por lo + +10:29.040 --> 10:30.860 +que se consideró las rentabilidades + +10:30.860 --> 10:33.520 +excesivas. y por lo tanto Fernando era + +10:33.520 --> 10:36.080 +como una pieza clave para abrir otro + +10:36.080 --> 10:38.420 +espacio, darse a conocer este país, su + +10:38.420 --> 10:41.160 +experiencia, la sensibilidad que se tenía + +10:41.160 --> 10:43.280 +en el ámbito de la cultura, de la gente + +10:43.280 --> 10:46.460 +joven, de las brigadas que participaban, y + +10:46.460 --> 10:48.900 +se lograron crear cosas muy importantes. + +10:49.300 --> 10:52.960 +La trascendencia de Allende es una + +10:52.960 --> 10:55.980 +trascendencia que va de lo + +10:55.980 --> 11:00.960 +socialdemócrata, democrático, al heroísmo + +11:00.960 --> 11:01.380 +popular. + +11:04.840 --> 11:07.980 +Allende fue entrando poco a poco en el + +11:07.980 --> 11:12.360 +sentido heroico, épico del pueblo chileno + +11:12.360 --> 11:18.100 +en sus hazañas por conquistar una libertad + +11:18.100 --> 11:22.020 +individual con toda la responsabilidad + +11:22.020 --> 11:26.080 +social que uno imagina en héroes de esta + +11:26.080 --> 11:26.900 +naturaleza + +11:35.280 --> 11:40.280 +En septiembre 11 de 1973, Fernando Alegría + +11:40.280 --> 11:42.640 +estaba planeando comer en la casa de Pablo + +11:42.640 --> 11:45.340 +Neruda, que había sido enfermo en la isla + +11:45.340 --> 11:49.200 +de Isla Negra. En su memoria, Matilde + +11:49.200 --> 11:52.580 +Urrutia, la abogada de Neruda, dice cómo + +11:52.580 --> 11:54.840 +estaba en la cocina preparando para la + +11:54.840 --> 11:57.400 +visita de Alegría cuando escuchó las + +11:57.400 --> 12:00.320 +noticias del Cú de Ta. La comida, por + +12:00.320 --> 12:01.720 +supuesto, nunca se tomó. + +12:04.820 --> 12:08.040 +Alegría se hundió de inmediato. Le dio + +12:08.040 --> 12:10.520 +protección a los priestas dominicanos de + +12:10.520 --> 12:13.540 +Recoleta, cerca del barrio donde creció. + +12:18.160 --> 12:22.920 +Cuando leí sobre el funeral de Neruda, el + +12:22.920 --> 12:29.220 +otro día en los papeles, por supuesto, el + +12:29.220 --> 12:34.180 +sentido de la gran tristeza, la tragedia + +12:34.180 --> 12:37.600 +que nos pasó en Chile cuando perdimos a + +12:37.600 --> 12:40.000 +nuestro gran líder, nuestro gran poeta + +12:40.000 --> 12:45.100 +pero al mismo tiempo, me sentí feliz que + +12:45.100 --> 12:48.140 +el funeral de Neruda se convirtiera en una + +12:48.140 --> 12:50.380 +demostración política en el General + +12:50.380 --> 12:53.040 +Cemetery de Santiago Tiago, porque sabes + +12:53.040 --> 12:55.160 +lo que pasó. De repente, las personas, + +12:55.280 --> 12:57.300 +como si estuvieran caminando al cemitério, + +12:57.300 --> 13:01.020 +y Matilde, su esposa, estaba siguiendo la + +13:01.020 --> 13:03.240 +cofina. De repente, estas personas, + +13:03.360 --> 13:06.480 +escritores, amigos personales, profesores + +13:06.480 --> 13:09.640 +de la universidad, trabajadores, tal vez + +13:09.640 --> 13:11.740 +personas que salieron del subterráneo solo + +13:11.740 --> 13:14.700 +para estar ahí con Neruda, comenzaron a + +13:14.700 --> 13:16.680 +cantar el Internacional. + +13:25.700 --> 13:28.360 +Y tienes que pensar qué significa esto, + +13:28.360 --> 13:32.080 +estas 1.000 o 2.000 personas cantando las + +13:32.080 --> 13:35.680 +palabras de La Internacional en Santiago, + +13:36.040 --> 13:37.820 +en un momento en el que hay alrededor de 7 + +13:37.820 --> 13:42.800 +.000 o 10.000 personas en prisión, algunas + +13:42.800 --> 13:45.560 +de ellas, quizás, esperando la ejecución + +13:45.560 --> 13:50.260 +sin tránsito. Esto, en un gran modo, me + +13:50.260 --> 13:53.100 +parece que muestra el espíritu, el + +13:53.100 --> 13:57.340 +espíritu de lucha, que no ha desaparecido + +13:57.340 --> 14:00.400 +en Chile. Creo que la gente de Chile está + +14:00.400 --> 14:04.360 +preparándose para algún tipo de + +14:04.360 --> 14:07.200 +acontecimiento que va a cambiar este + +14:07.200 --> 14:09.920 +horrible desastre que está sucediendo en + +14:09.920 --> 14:10.480 +nuestro país. + +14:17.780 --> 14:20.060 +Casi inmediatamente después del + +14:20.060 --> 14:22.660 +reclutamiento militar, la Junta emitió un + +14:22.660 --> 14:25.200 +decreto oficial permanente, banando a + +14:25.200 --> 14:26.440 +cuatro líderes de izquierda prominentes de + +14:26.440 --> 14:27.940 +Chile. + +14:30.940 --> 14:34.260 +Uno de ellos fue Fernando Alegría. + +14:46.640 --> 14:48.160 +Fernando entonces también para nosotros + +14:48.160 --> 14:50.140 +fue muy importante que denunciara como lo + +14:50.140 --> 14:52.280 +hizo, con la fuerza que lo hizo, con las + +14:52.280 --> 14:54.020 +consecuencias que lo hizo, las graves + +14:54.020 --> 14:55.800 +violaciones de derechos humanos ocurridas + +14:55.800 --> 14:58.060 +en Chile. Sobre todo en lo que había sido + +14:58.060 --> 15:00.780 +asesinatos, ejecuciones, desapariciones, + +15:00.780 --> 15:03.900 +en fin. Y yo creo que una voz como la de + +15:03.900 --> 15:06.440 +él, tan escuchada, por supuesto nos ayudó + +15:06.440 --> 15:08.040 +a nosotros en lo que tratábamos de hacer, + +15:08.120 --> 15:10.960 +que era la sensibilización del mundo sobre + +15:10.960 --> 15:12.880 +lo que estaba ocurriendo en Chile, las + +15:12.880 --> 15:14.480 +graves violaciones a los derechos humanos, + +15:14.720 --> 15:16.580 +por sobre todo que esto era una política + +15:16.580 --> 15:19.400 +de Estado, hecha con fondos del Estado, + +15:19.560 --> 15:22.040 +con agentes del Estado y por supuesto con + +15:22.040 --> 15:23.440 +la responsabilidad directa de Augusto + +15:23.440 --> 15:25.760 +Pinochet, que era quien encabezaba la + +15:25.760 --> 15:27.480 +dictadura y de ahí para abajo + +15:27.480 --> 15:29.100 +jerarquizados los servicios de + +15:29.100 --> 15:31.520 +inteligencia que ejecutaban estas + +15:31.520 --> 15:38.100 +políticas. Creo que vamos a ver algunas + +15:38.100 --> 15:39.560 +cosas muy importantes Hay muchas cosas + +15:39.560 --> 15:44.940 +importantes que no sé respecto a lo que ha + +15:44.940 --> 15:50.200 +pasado en Chile. Creo que el fondo del + +15:50.200 --> 15:52.540 +movimiento de liberación chileno no está + +15:52.540 --> 15:55.980 +rompido por cualquier forma. Creo que la + +15:55.980 --> 15:58.020 +fiesta de la resistencia se va a crecer. + +15:58.980 --> 16:04.940 +Creo que vamos a ver una segunda, una + +16:04.940 --> 16:08.380 +tercera liberación de la gente chilena. I + +16:08.380 --> 16:14.100 +believe that Allende and Neruda did not + +16:14.100 --> 16:18.360 +die in vain. I think they each in his own + +16:18.360 --> 16:23.200 +manner died for what they believed, died + +16:23.200 --> 16:25.720 +in the case of Neruda believing that + +16:25.720 --> 16:29.660 +poetry is action, poetry is life, and in + +16:29.660 --> 16:31.840 +the case of Allende that the cause of + +16:31.840 --> 16:34.620 +justice, de la social revolución en Chile + +16:34.620 --> 16:40.000 +fue lo que quería hacer y no podía ver, no + +16:40.000 --> 16:43.080 +podía sobrevivir al terrible golpe que la + +16:43.080 --> 16:44.460 +gente chilena estaba tomando en ese + +16:44.460 --> 16:48.620 +momento. Poco después de que volviera de + +16:48.620 --> 16:51.100 +Chile, Alegría publicó un artículo + +16:51.100 --> 16:53.080 +denunciando el coup en un revista + +16:53.080 --> 16:57.020 +mexicana. Viajó regularmente a México para + +16:57.020 --> 16:59.220 +visitar a los exiles políticos chilenos + +16:59.220 --> 17:01.140 +que que habían encontrado refugio allí, + +17:01.380 --> 17:04.620 +entre ellos Hortensia Busi, la abogada de + +17:04.620 --> 17:05.660 +Salvador Allende. + +17:09.580 --> 17:12.680 +Él entendió que su tarea era también + +17:12.680 --> 17:15.660 +luchar por el retorno de la democracia y + +17:15.660 --> 17:18.840 +de la libertad en nuestro país. Y lo hizo + +17:18.840 --> 17:23.160 +con la riqueza, con la cultura, con la + +17:23.160 --> 17:26.060 +pasión que él ponía en las causas nobles + +17:26.060 --> 17:28.760 +que eran las suyas. Y luego, después del + +17:28.760 --> 17:31.060 +violento despliegue del gobierno Allende, + +17:31.540 --> 17:35.180 +Fernando fue muy apoyado de las fuerzas + +17:35.180 --> 17:37.740 +democráticas en Chile, de los que fueron + +17:37.740 --> 17:40.560 +perseguidos y imprisionados, así como de + +17:40.560 --> 17:43.360 +los que fueron forzados a exilarse y a ser + +17:43.360 --> 17:45.860 +dirigidos desde Chile. Fundaron la revista + +17:45.860 --> 17:48.100 +Literatura Chilena en el Exilio, que luego + +17:48.100 --> 17:51.140 +se llamó Literatura Chilena, Creación y + +17:51.140 --> 17:53.380 +Crítica. Muchos intelectuales + +17:53.380 --> 17:55.960 +latinoamericanos y muchos escritores, + +17:55.960 --> 17:57.580 +entre ellos Gabriel García Márquez, + +17:58.480 --> 18:01.280 +colaboraron en forma bastante efectiva y + +18:01.280 --> 18:03.260 +bastante constante con el proyecto. + +18:22.780 --> 18:28.060 +Vengo a llamar la atención con voz de + +18:28.060 --> 18:33.440 +cantor serrano al hombre que va sin manos + +18:33.440 --> 18:36.720 +por seguir lo de mi nación. + +18:41.780 --> 18:47.840 +No ignoren su turbación, que las flores se + +18:47.840 --> 18:54.740 +apagaron y los ríos se secaron, privados + +18:54.740 --> 19:01.540 +de primaveras. Por las movidas areteras de + +19:01.540 --> 19:04.460 +tigres que lo mataron + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/gn213vd3845_ev_2_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/gn213vd3845_ev_2_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..37c0e88 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/gn213vd3845_ev_2_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html @@ -0,0 +1,242 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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n1¿Qué es la familia de mi papá?n
2Bueno, en Chile, la familia de mi papá no tenía dinero, pero no eran pobres, pob1Bueno, en Chile la familia de mi papá no tenía dinero, pero no eran pobres, pobr
>res.>es.
3Eran clase media, baja.2eran clase media-baja.
4Mi abuelo vendía, yo no sé qué vendía, pero viajaba y era vendedor de algo.3Mi abuelo vendía, yo no sé qué vendía, pero viajaba y era vendedor de algo.
n5Y mi papá fue a la universidad, empezó a ir a la universidad.n4Y mi papá fue a la universidad, empezó a ir a la universidad, y luego se vino en
 > un barco con unos amigos, se vino a los Estados Unidos en un barco.
6Y luego se vino en un barco con unos amigos, se vino a los Estados Unidos en un 
>barco. 
7Llegaron aquí y como todo latinoamericano que viene, sin un centavo, tuvo que tr5Llegaron aquí y como todo latinoamericano que viene, sin un centavo tuvo que tra
>abajar lavando platos.>bajar lavando platos.
8Entonces eso fue en Ohio y ahí fue que empezó y fue a la universidad, empezó a i6Entonces eso fue en Ohio y ahí fue que empezó y fue a la universidad, empezó a i
>r a la universidad y luego vino a Berkeley.>r a la universidad y luego se fue a Berkeley.
9Alegría llegó a Berkeley durante los años 1940.7Alegría llegó a Berkeley durante los años 1940.
t10Era solo más de 20 años.t8Era sólo más de 20 años.
11Vio a perseguir su doctorado en literatura española.9Vio su doctorado en en la literatura española.
12literatura.
13Él participaría activamente en las académicas durante la mayor parte de su vida.10Participaría activamente en las academias durante la mayoría de su vida.
14Los cuatro hermanos somos yo, sigue un hermano Santiago, Andrés, otro hermano, y11Nosotros, los cuatro hermanos, somos yo, sigo un hermano, Santiago, Andrés, otro
> Isabel, mi otra hermana, y todos nacimos aquí.> hermano, y Isabel, mi otra hermana, y todos nacimos aquí.
15Pero desde chicos, en la casa, siempre fue como una pequeña isla, porque ahí lle12Pero desde chicos, en la casa, siempre fue como una pequeña isla, porque ahí lle
>gaban pintores y escritores y amigos académicos, pero siempre era una isla así l>gaban pintores y escritores y amigos académicos, pero siempre era una isla así l
>atinoamericana, siempre fue.>atinoamericana, siempre fue.
16Y afuera estaba el barrio de aquí con todos los gringuitos y nosotros salíamos y13Y afuera estaba el barrio de aquí con todos los gringuitos y nosotros salíamos y
> jugamos y todo, pero en la casa ahí era otra cosa, era una vida en América Lati> jugamos y todo, pero en la casa ahí era otra cosa, era una vida en América Lati
>na.>na.
17Fernando pertenece a una generación de latinoamericanistas que comenzó a trabaja14Fernando pertenece a una generación de latinoamericanistas que comenzó a trabaja
>r en las universidades norteamericanas en la década del 50.>r en las universidades norteamericanas en la década del 50.
18Creo que a esta generación te debemos darle crédito por ser la primera que inclu15Creo que a esta generación te debemos darle crédito por ser la primera que inclu
>ye literatura latinoamericana en los programas oficiales de las universidades.>ye literatura latinoamericana en los programas oficiales de las universidades.
19Hasta ese momento, el fuerte en los ofrecimientos de curso era la literatura esp16Hasta ese momento, el fuerte en los ofrecimientos de curso era la literatura esp
>añola.>añola.
20A partir del trabajo que hacen estos latinoamericanistas, la literatura del cont17A partir del trabajo que hacen estos latinoamericanistas, la literatura del cont
>inente nuestro de América Latina comienza a ser difundida, comienza a ser mejor >inente nuestro de América Latina comienza a ser difundida, comienza a ser mejor 
>valorada y comienza a tener una atención crítica cada vez mayor.>valorada y comienza a tener una atención crítica cada vez mayor.
21Y bueno, eso también explica en parte la buena recepción que tiene en la década 18Y bueno, eso también explica en parte la buena recepción que tiene en la década 
>del 60, cuando aparece el llamado boom.>del 60, cuando aparece el llamado boom.
22la breve historia de la novela hispanoamericana, Walt Whitman en Hispanoamérica.19la breve historia de la novela hispanoamericana, Walt Whitman en Hispanoamérica.
23Todos estos trabajos fueron parte de la bibliografía básica en el campo en ese t20Todos estos trabajos fueron parte de la bibliografía básica en el campo en ese t
>iempo y nos sirvieron bien en nuestro propio trabajo graduado.>iempo y nos sirvieron bien en nuestro propio trabajo graduado.
24Fernando hizo un gran cambio en los años 1950 y 60 para abrir el campo de la lit21Fernando hizo un gran cambio en los años 1950 y 60 para abrir el campo de la lit
>eratura latinoamericana y hacerla accesible a los estudiantes norteamericanos.>eratura latinoamericana y hacerla accesible a los estudiantes norteamericanos.
25estudiantes.22estudiantes.
26Allen Ginsberg era un estudiante ocasional en la Universidad de Berkeley.23Allen Ginsberg era un estudiante ocasional en la Universidad de Berkeley.
27Fernando lo conocía y se apresuró a traducir el poema Howl, Aullido.24Fernando lo conocía y se apresuró a traducir el poema Howl, Aullido.
28Le pareció que partía una aero en dos y consecuente con su visión de vida de des25Le pareció que partía una aero en dos y consecuente con su visión de vida de des
>afiar los límites se apresuró Fernando a traducir el poema.>afiar los límites se apresuró Fernando a traducir el poema.
29Tanto se apresuró que Fernando no conocía la palabra de slang hip ni por supuest26Tanto se apresuró que Fernando no conocía la palabra de slang hip ni por supuest
>o hippie y lo tradujo como cadera y caderones.>o hippie y lo tradujo como cadera y caderones.
30Con los años Fernando se iba a reír mucho de que era era la peor traducción que 27Con los años Fernando se iba a reír mucho de que era era la peor traducción que 
>se ha hecho del poema de Ginsberg y que la única disculpa era la rapidez con que>se ha hecho del poema de Ginsberg y que la única disculpa era la rapidez con que
> quiso ponerlo a disposición del público.> quiso ponerlo a disposición del público.
31Esta canción la escribió mi papá.28Esta canción la escribió mi papá.
32Escribió un poema que se llama El Esquinazo del Guerriguero.29Escribió un poema que se llama El Esquinazo del Guerriguero.
33Entonces Joan Baez escribió la música, me parece.30Entonces Joan Baez escribió la música, me parece.
34Y ella se la va a cantar ojalá algún día porque yo no puedo cantar bien, pero a 31Y ella se la va a cantar ojalá algún día porque yo no puedo cantar bien, pero a 
>ver si me acuerdo.>ver si me acuerdo.
35La 5 ya van a dar, las 5 de la mañana, ábreme tu puerta mi alma, que he perdido 32La 5 ya van a dar, las 5 de la mañana, ábreme tu puerta mi alma, que he perdido 
>una batalla.>una batalla.
36Esta canción la puso en un disco, en una producción que hizo latinoamericana Joa33Esta canción la puso en un disco, en una producción que hizo latinoamericana Joa
>n Baez.>n Baez.
37precisamente yo la había regañado a ella que estaba cantando puro cucú paloma y 34precisamente yo la había regañado a ella que estaba cantando puro cucú paloma y 
>cosas tradicionales y no decía nada acerca de la realidad, por qué luchaba Améri>cosas tradicionales y no decía nada acerca de la realidad, por qué luchaba Améri
>ca Latina y ella se encabronó conmigo y yo me encabroné con ella y bueno, finalm>ca Latina y ella se encabronó conmigo y yo me encabroné con ella y bueno, finalm
>ente ella se hizo amiga de Fernando y le prometió las perlas de la virgen, le gr>ente ella se hizo amiga de Fernando y le prometió las perlas de la virgen, le gr
>abó la canción y creo que nunca le pagó regalías El Esquinazo del Guerrillero, q>abó la canción y creo que nunca le pagó regalías El Esquinazo del Guerrillero, q
>ue habla de la relación de amor de un guerrillero con una muchacha y habla de la>ue habla de la relación de amor de un guerrillero con una muchacha y habla de la
> lucha armada, que es una realidad de todos los países pobres.> lucha armada, que es una realidad de todos los países pobres.
38Yo creo que para mi padre era como un orgullo sentirse de alguna manera rodeado,35Yo creo que para mi padre era como un orgullo sentirse de alguna manera rodeado,
> sentir el afecto, la relación de cercanía que se daba a este extremo mundo más > sentir el afecto, la relación de cercanía que se daba a este extremo mundo más 
>intelectual y él mismo como político.>intelectual y él mismo como político.
39Y dentro de esa atmósfera, obviamente, hay un espacio Fernanda Aurelia.36Y dentro de esa atmósfera, obviamente, hay un espacio Fernanda Aurelia.
40Yo creo que es un recuerdo que dejó, desde luego, esa relación estrecha, cálida,37Yo creo que es un recuerdo que dejó, desde luego, esa relación estrecha, cálida,
> con mis padres, con la familia, y el recuerdo de Fernanda en ese sentido, aquí > con mis padres, con la familia, y el recuerdo de Fernanda en ese sentido, aquí 
>en Guardia Vieja, existe, existió, y creo que es importante destacar, digamos, q>en Guardia Vieja, existe, existió, y creo que es importante destacar, digamos, q
>ue él no solo se sintió cercano entonces a la hora de ir de político, sino que c>ue él no solo se sintió cercano entonces a la hora de ir de político, sino que c
>ontribuyó activamente a la campaña, estuvo presente, fue generoso en su aporte.>ontribuyó activamente a la campaña, estuvo presente, fue generoso en su aporte.
41No hay que olvidar entonces lo que significó el haber entregado los derechos y l38No hay que olvidar entonces lo que significó el haber entregado los derechos y l
>o que significó el poema, digamos, Viva Chile Mierda, que sirvió evidentemente e>o que significó el poema, digamos, Viva Chile Mierda, que sirvió evidentemente e
>n la campaña del 64.>n la campaña del 64.
42Esto fue muy importante.39Esto fue muy importante.
43En su poema Viva Chile Mierda, Fernando Alegría muestra nuevamente esa concepció40En su poema Viva Chile Mierda, Fernando Alegría muestra nuevamente esa concepció
>n de la historia en que lo que importa son los sueños colectivos y es esta human>n de la historia en que lo que importa son los sueños colectivos y es esta human
>idad de los perdedores que está reafirmando su derecho a la vida y su derecho a >idad de los perdedores que está reafirmando su derecho a la vida y su derecho a 
>las utopías.>las utopías.
44¿Qué es lo que más te ha gustado de Fernando?41¿Qué es lo que más te ha gustado de Fernando?
45que está fichado en 1942, que se llama Aquel lado de la cortina, donde aparece y42que está fichado en 1942, que se llama Aquel lado de la cortina, donde aparece y
>o creo que por primera vez el problema de la discriminación de los chicanos en E>o creo que por primera vez el problema de la discriminación de los chicanos en E
>stados Unidos.>stados Unidos.
46En ese tiempo, César Chávez y el movimiento campesino era muy fuerte.43En ese tiempo, César Chávez y el movimiento campesino era muy fuerte.
47Como chicana, nacida en California, de padres de Nuevo México, entré a la univer44Como chicana, nacida en California, de padres de Nuevo México, entré a la univer
>sidad.>sidad.
48cuando ya tenía yo tres hijos y 30 años era un poco más de edad de los estudiant45cuando ya tenía yo tres hijos y 30 años era un poco más de edad de los estudiant
>es que usualmente entran después de luchas para abrir la universidad a las minor>es que usualmente entran después de luchas para abrir la universidad a las minor
>ías.>ías.
49Entonces, gente como Fernando fueron los líderes para nosotros, maestros, gente 46Entonces, gente como Fernando fueron los líderes para nosotros, maestros, gente 
>ya preparados con luchas y perspectivas mundiales.>ya preparados con luchas y perspectivas mundiales.
50Entonces, para nosotros era muy importante la unificación de los chicanos con lo47Entonces, para nosotros era muy importante la unificación de los chicanos con lo
>s latinos y con los mexicanos.>s latinos y con los mexicanos.
51En 1970, la gente de Chile eleccionó a Salvador Allende como presidente.48En 1970, la gente de Chile eleccionó a Salvador Allende como presidente.
52Con Fos, Salvador Allende, en 1970, fue designado agregado cultural a la Embajad49Con Fos, Salvador Allende, en 1970, fue designado agregado cultural a la Embajad
>a de Chile en Washington.>a de Chile en Washington.
53Abrió un espacio en Estados Unidos donde las relaciones no estaban exentas de te50Abrió un espacio en Estados Unidos donde las relaciones no estaban exentas de te
>nsiones, particularmente a raíz del tema de la nacionalización de las minas de c>nsiones, particularmente a raíz del tema de la nacionalización de las minas de c
>obre y el no pago de indemnización, digamos, por lo que se consideró las rentabi>obre y el no pago de indemnización, digamos, por lo que se consideró las rentabi
>lidades excesivas.>lidades excesivas.
54y por lo tanto Fernando era como una pieza clave para abrir otro espacio, darse 51y por lo tanto Fernando era como una pieza clave para abrir otro espacio, darse 
>a conocer este país, su experiencia, la sensibilidad que se tenía en el ámbito d>a conocer este país, su experiencia, la sensibilidad que se tenía en el ámbito d
>e la cultura, de la gente joven, de las brigadas que participaban, y se lograron>e la cultura, de la gente joven, de las brigadas que participaban, y se lograron
> crear cosas muy importantes.> crear cosas muy importantes.
55La trascendencia de Allende es una trascendencia que va de lo socialdemócrata, d52La trascendencia de Allende es una trascendencia que va de lo socialdemócrata, d
>emocrático, al heroísmo popular.>emocrático, al heroísmo popular.
56Allende fue entrando poco a poco en el sentido heroico, épico del pueblo chileno53Allende fue entrando poco a poco en el sentido heroico, épico del pueblo chileno
> en sus hazañas por conquistar una libertad individual con toda la responsabilid> en sus hazañas por conquistar una libertad individual con toda la responsabilid
>ad social que uno imagina en héroes de esta naturaleza En septiembre 11 de 1973,>ad social que uno imagina en héroes de esta naturaleza En septiembre 11 de 1973,
> Fernando Alegría estaba planeando comer en la casa de Pablo Neruda, que había s> Fernando Alegría estaba planeando comer en la casa de Pablo Neruda, que había s
>ido enfermo en la isla de Isla Negra.>ido enfermo en la isla de Isla Negra.
57En su memoria, Matilde Urrutia, la abogada de Neruda, dice cómo estaba en la coc54En su memoria, Matilde Urrutia, la abogada de Neruda, dice cómo estaba en la coc
>ina preparando para la visita de Alegría cuando escuchó las noticias del Cú de T>ina preparando para la visita de Alegría cuando escuchó las noticias del Cú de T
>a. La comida, por supuesto, nunca se tomó.>a. La comida, por supuesto, nunca se tomó.
58Alegría se hundió de inmediato.55Alegría se hundió de inmediato.
59Le dio protección a los priestas dominicanos de Recoleta, cerca del barrio donde56Le dio protección a los priestas dominicanos de Recoleta, cerca del barrio donde
> creció.> creció.
60Cuando leí sobre el funeral de Neruda, el otro día en los papeles, por supuesto,57Cuando leí sobre el funeral de Neruda, el otro día en los papeles, por supuesto,
> el sentido de la gran tristeza, la tragedia que nos pasó en Chile cuando perdim> el sentido de la gran tristeza, la tragedia que nos pasó en Chile cuando perdim
>os a nuestro gran líder, nuestro gran poeta pero al mismo tiempo, me sentí feliz>os a nuestro gran líder, nuestro gran poeta pero al mismo tiempo, me sentí feliz
> que el funeral de Neruda se convirtiera en una demostración política en el Gene> que el funeral de Neruda se convirtiera en una demostración política en el Gene
>ral Cemetery de Santiago Tiago, porque sabes lo que pasó.>ral Cemetery de Santiago Tiago, porque sabes lo que pasó.
61De repente, las personas, como si estuvieran caminando al cemitério, y Matilde, 58De repente, las personas, como si estuvieran caminando al cemitério, y Matilde, 
>su esposa, estaba siguiendo la cofina.>su esposa, estaba siguiendo la cofina.
62De repente, estas personas, escritores, amigos personales, profesores de la univ59De repente, estas personas, escritores, amigos personales, profesores de la univ
>ersidad, trabajadores, tal vez personas que salieron del subterráneo solo para e>ersidad, trabajadores, tal vez personas que salieron del subterráneo solo para e
>star ahí con Neruda, comenzaron a cantar el Internacional.>star ahí con Neruda, comenzaron a cantar el Internacional.
63Y tienes que pensar qué significa esto, estas 1.000 o 2.000 personas cantando la60Y tienes que pensar qué significa esto, estas 1.000 o 2.000 personas cantando la
>s palabras de La Internacional en Santiago, en un momento en el que hay alrededo>s palabras de La Internacional en Santiago, en un momento en el que hay alrededo
>r de 7 .000 o 10.000 personas en prisión, algunas de ellas, quizás, esperando la>r de 7 .000 o 10.000 personas en prisión, algunas de ellas, quizás, esperando la
> ejecución sin tránsito.> ejecución sin tránsito.
64Esto, en un gran modo, me parece que muestra el espíritu, el espíritu de lucha, 61Esto, en un gran modo, me parece que muestra el espíritu, el espíritu de lucha, 
>que no ha desaparecido en Chile.>que no ha desaparecido en Chile.
65Creo que la gente de Chile está preparándose para algún tipo de acontecimiento q62Creo que la gente de Chile está preparándose para algún tipo de acontecimiento q
>ue va a cambiar este horrible desastre que está sucediendo en nuestro país.>ue va a cambiar este horrible desastre que está sucediendo en nuestro país.
66Casi inmediatamente después del reclutamiento militar, la Junta emitió un decret63Casi inmediatamente después del reclutamiento militar, la Junta emitió un decret
>o oficial permanente, banando a cuatro líderes de izquierda prominentes de Chile>o oficial permanente, banando a cuatro líderes de izquierda prominentes de Chile
>.>.
67Uno de ellos fue Fernando Alegría.64Uno de ellos fue Fernando Alegría.
68Fernando entonces también para nosotros fue muy importante que denunciara como l65Fernando entonces también para nosotros fue muy importante que denunciara como l
>o hizo, con la fuerza que lo hizo, con las consecuencias que lo hizo, las graves>o hizo, con la fuerza que lo hizo, con las consecuencias que lo hizo, las graves
> violaciones de derechos humanos ocurridas en Chile.> violaciones de derechos humanos ocurridas en Chile.
69Sobre todo en lo que había sido asesinatos, ejecuciones, desapariciones, en fin.66Sobre todo en lo que había sido asesinatos, ejecuciones, desapariciones, en fin.
70Y yo creo que una voz como la de él, tan escuchada, por supuesto nos ayudó a nos67Y yo creo que una voz como la de él, tan escuchada, por supuesto nos ayudó a nos
>otros en lo que tratábamos de hacer, que era la sensibilización del mundo sobre >otros en lo que tratábamos de hacer, que era la sensibilización del mundo sobre 
>lo que estaba ocurriendo en Chile, las graves violaciones a los derechos humanos>lo que estaba ocurriendo en Chile, las graves violaciones a los derechos humanos
>, por sobre todo que esto era una política de Estado, hecha con fondos del Estad>, por sobre todo que esto era una política de Estado, hecha con fondos del Estad
>o, con agentes del Estado y por supuesto con la responsabilidad directa de Augus>o, con agentes del Estado y por supuesto con la responsabilidad directa de Augus
>to Pinochet, que era quien encabezaba la dictadura y de ahí para abajo jerarquiz>to Pinochet, que era quien encabezaba la dictadura y de ahí para abajo jerarquiz
>ados los servicios de inteligencia que ejecutaban estas políticas.>ados los servicios de inteligencia que ejecutaban estas políticas.
71Creo que vamos a ver algunas cosas muy importantes Hay muchas cosas importantes 68Creo que vamos a ver algunas cosas muy importantes Hay muchas cosas importantes 
>que no sé respecto a lo que ha pasado en Chile.>que no sé respecto a lo que ha pasado en Chile.
72Creo que el fondo del movimiento de liberación chileno no está rompido por cualq69Creo que el fondo del movimiento de liberación chileno no está rompido por cualq
>uier forma.>uier forma.
73Creo que la fiesta de la resistencia se va a crecer.70Creo que la fiesta de la resistencia se va a crecer.
74Creo que vamos a ver una segunda, una tercera liberación de la gente chilena.71Creo que vamos a ver una segunda, una tercera liberación de la gente chilena.
75I believe that Allende and Neruda did not die in vain.72I believe that Allende and Neruda did not die in vain.
76I think they each in his own manner died for what they believed, died in the cas73I think they each in his own manner died for what they believed, died in the cas
>e of Neruda believing that poetry is action, poetry is life, and in the case of >e of Neruda believing that poetry is action, poetry is life, and in the case of 
>Allende that the cause of justice, de la social revolución en Chile fue lo que q>Allende that the cause of justice, de la social revolución en Chile fue lo que q
>uería hacer y no podía ver, no podía sobrevivir al terrible golpe que la gente c>uería hacer y no podía ver, no podía sobrevivir al terrible golpe que la gente c
>hilena estaba tomando en ese momento.>hilena estaba tomando en ese momento.
77Poco después de que volviera de Chile, Alegría publicó un artículo denunciando e74Poco después de que volviera de Chile, Alegría publicó un artículo denunciando e
>l coup en un revista mexicana.>l coup en un revista mexicana.
78Viajó regularmente a México para visitar a los exiles políticos chilenos que que75Viajó regularmente a México para visitar a los exiles políticos chilenos que que
> habían encontrado refugio allí, entre ellos Hortensia Busi, la abogada de Salva> habían encontrado refugio allí, entre ellos Hortensia Busi, la abogada de Salva
>dor Allende.>dor Allende.
79Él entendió que su tarea era también luchar por el retorno de la democracia y de76Él entendió que su tarea era también luchar por el retorno de la democracia y de
> la libertad en nuestro país.> la libertad en nuestro país.
80Y lo hizo con la riqueza, con la cultura, con la pasión que él ponía en las caus77Y lo hizo con la riqueza, con la cultura, con la pasión que él ponía en las caus
>as nobles que eran las suyas.>as nobles que eran las suyas.
81Y luego, después del violento despliegue del gobierno Allende, Fernando fue muy 78Y luego, después del violento despliegue del gobierno Allende, Fernando fue muy 
>apoyado de las fuerzas democráticas en Chile, de los que fueron perseguidos y im>apoyado de las fuerzas democráticas en Chile, de los que fueron perseguidos y im
>prisionados, así como de los que fueron forzados a exilarse y a ser dirigidos de>prisionados, así como de los que fueron forzados a exilarse y a ser dirigidos de
>sde Chile.>sde Chile.
82Fundaron la revista Literatura Chilena en el Exilio, que luego se llamó Literatu79Fundaron la revista Literatura Chilena en el Exilio, que luego se llamó Literatu
>ra Chilena, Creación y Crítica.>ra Chilena, Creación y Crítica.
83Muchos intelectuales latinoamericanos y muchos escritores, entre ellos Gabriel G80Muchos intelectuales latinoamericanos y muchos escritores, entre ellos Gabriel G
>arcía Márquez, colaboraron en forma bastante efectiva y bastante constante con e>arcía Márquez, colaboraron en forma bastante efectiva y bastante constante con e
>l proyecto.>l proyecto.
84Vengo a llamar la atención con voz de cantor serrano al hombre que va sin manos 81Vengo a llamar la atención con voz de cantor serrano al hombre que va sin manos 
>por seguir lo de mi nación.>por seguir lo de mi nación.
85No ignoren su turbación, que las flores se apagaron y los ríos se secaron, priva82No ignoren su turbación, que las flores se apagaron y los ríos se secaron, priva
>dos de primaveras.>dos de primaveras.
86Por las movidas areteras de tigres que lo mataron83Por las movidas areteras de tigres que lo mataron
+ + + + +
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a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/index.md b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e928968 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +# Benchmark Comparison 2025-01-31 + +## bz245jm8076 + +- [X] version is greater +- [X] has correct number of VTT files (2) +- [X] bw689yg2740_sl.vtt size (104595 == 104595) +- [ ] bw689yg2740_sl_mp4.vtt size (104510 == 81579) [diff](https://sul-dlss.github.io/speech-to-text/reports/2025-01-31/bw689yg2740_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html) + +## cf157rm7757 + +- [X] version is greater +- [X] has correct number of VTT files (2) +- [X] br525sp8033_FV4289_v4_sl.vtt size (5655 == 5655) +- [X] br525sp8033_FV4289_v4_sl_mp4.vtt size (5655 == 5655) + +## cv116wv5355 + +- [X] version is greater +- [X] has correct number of VTT files (2) +- [X] bd766nv2565_sl.vtt size (39710 == 39710) +- [X] bd766nv2565_sl_m4a.vtt size (39710 == 39710) + +## cz258mq3842 + +- [X] version is greater +- [X] has correct number of VTT files (4) +- [X] gn213vd3845_ev_1_sl.vtt size (5314 == 5314) +- [X] gn213vd3845_ev_1_sl_mp4.vtt size (4678 == 4678) +- [X] gn213vd3845_ev_2_sl.vtt size (19554 == 19554) +- [ ] gn213vd3845_ev_2_sl_mp4.vtt size (19554 == 19454) [diff](https://sul-dlss.github.io/speech-to-text/reports/2025-01-31/gn213vd3845_ev_2_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html) + +## dn434hf2144 + +- [X] version is greater +- [X] has correct number of VTT files (2) +- [X] EarthDayPodcast_Full_Final.vtt size (103292 == 103292) +- [X] EarthDayPodcast_Full_Final_m4a.vtt size (103292 == 103292) + +## fk250vc8974 + +- [X] version is greater +- [X] has correct number of VTT files (2) +- [X] LLSF_7_20121209.vtt size (19196 == 19196) +- [ ] LLSF_7_20121209_mp4.vtt size (19185 == 19161) [diff](https://sul-dlss.github.io/speech-to-text/reports/2025-01-31/LLSF_7_20121209_mp4.vtt-diff.html) + +## gj376pv2367 + +- [X] version is greater +- [X] has correct number of VTT files (2) +- [X] qf378nj5000_sl.vtt size (49740 == 49740) +- [ ] qf378nj5000_sl_mp4.vtt size (49740 == 31404) [diff](https://sul-dlss.github.io/speech-to-text/reports/2025-01-31/qf378nj5000_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html) + +## hv054kd4261 + +- [X] version is greater +- [X] has correct number of VTT files (2) +- [X] bb158br2509_sl.vtt size (38317 == 38317) +- [X] bb158br2509_sl_m4a.vtt size (38317 == 38317) + +## jr745nr3367 + +- [X] version is greater +- [X] has correct number of VTT files (4) +- [X] px070tk8203_a_sl.vtt size (28244 == 28244) +- [ ] px070tk8203_a_sl_m4a.vtt size (27430 == 27851) [diff](https://sul-dlss.github.io/speech-to-text/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_a_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html) +- [X] px070tk8203_b_sl.vtt size (35257 == 35257) +- [ ] px070tk8203_b_sl_m4a.vtt size (34775 == 35099) [diff](https://sul-dlss.github.io/speech-to-text/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_b_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html) + +## jv560nw0036 + +- [X] version is greater +- [X] has correct number of VTT files (2) +- [X] bg821nn2750_sl.vtt size (35970 == 35970) +- [ ] bg821nn2750_sl_mp4.vtt size (35909 == 35899) [diff](https://sul-dlss.github.io/speech-to-text/reports/2025-01-31/bg821nn2750_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html) + +## jz734cm7143 + +- [X] version is greater +- [X] has correct number of VTT files (2) +- [X] tt618qz3245_sl.vtt size (18367 == 18367) +- [ ] tt618qz3245_sl_mp4.vtt size (18291 == 8007) [diff](https://sul-dlss.github.io/speech-to-text/reports/2025-01-31/tt618qz3245_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html) + +## kb425fq6029 + +- [X] version is greater +- [X] has correct number of VTT files (2) +- [X] xv681hq1696_sl.vtt size (29180 == 29180) +- [ ] xv681hq1696_sl_m4a.vtt size (28483 == 28706) [diff](https://sul-dlss.github.io/speech-to-text/reports/2025-01-31/xv681hq1696_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html) + +## kg363hp7075 + +- [X] version is greater +- [X] has correct number of VTT files (4) +- [X] kp010zv7055_a_sl.vtt size (2982 == 2982) +- [ ] kp010zv7055_a_sl_m4a.vtt size (3096 == 2891) [diff](https://sul-dlss.github.io/speech-to-text/reports/2025-01-31/kp010zv7055_a_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html) +- [X] 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26927) +- [ ] dd704pb2854_6N_Dhondup_Lhamo_sl_mp4.vtt size (28562 == 28737) [diff](https://sul-dlss.github.io/speech-to-text/reports/2025-01-31/dd704pb2854_6N_Dhondup_Lhamo_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html) + +## yr465hd3700 + +- [X] version is greater +- [X] has correct number of VTT files (4) +- [X] qw237kb3383_a_sl.vtt size (23453 == 23453) +- [ ] qw237kb3383_a_sl_m4a.vtt size (23415 == 23445) [diff](https://sul-dlss.github.io/speech-to-text/reports/2025-01-31/qw237kb3383_a_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html) +- [X] qw237kb3383_b_sl.vtt size (14471 == 14471) +- [X] qw237kb3383_b_sl_m4a.vtt size (14471 == 14471) + +## yy014cj2840 + +- [X] version is greater +- [X] has correct number of VTT files (2) +- [X] nj963cm2696_em_sl.vtt size (94895 == 94895) +- [ ] nj963cm2696_em_sl_mp4.vtt size (95348 == 8327) [diff](https://sul-dlss.github.io/speech-to-text/reports/2025-01-31/nj963cm2696_em_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html) diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/jr745nr3367.json b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/jr745nr3367.json new file 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03:51.780 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +04:20.380 --> 04:21.780 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +04:50.380 --> 04:51.780 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +05:18.680 --> 05:20.460 +¶¶ Thank you. + +06:40.280 --> 06:40.440 +We'll see you next time. + +06:57.180 --> 06:58.580 +¶¶ + +07:17.360 --> 07:18.760 +¶¶ + +07:36.460 --> 07:39.800 +saying is believing but + +08:16.540 --> 08:17.940 +¶¶ + +08:20.960 --> 08:22.360 +Thank you. + +09:14.740 --> 09:17.540 +Thank you. + +09:43.320 --> 09:44.720 +¶¶ + +09:47.700 --> 09:52.420 +Tomorrow is for the two of us We have to + +09:52.420 --> 09:55.160 +think about tomorrow and the destination + +10:19.580 --> 10:20.980 +Thank you. + +10:46.760 --> 10:48.160 +Thank you. + +11:21.980 --> 11:22.040 +Thank you. + +11:51.800 --> 11:54.600 +Thank you. + +12:53.600 --> 12:55.020 +Mix into flour. Dissolve in more water + +12:55.020 --> 12:55.020 +with jelly in the glass. + +13:07.500 --> 13:11.180 +I'll make a spike auroaryan Saute hard + +13:11.180 --> 13:12.280 +-boiled meat some surely + +13:24.180 --> 13:25.000 +and the red sauce + +13:31.620 --> 13:32.100 +Thank you. + +14:02.840 --> 14:05.640 +Thank you. + +14:32.900 --> 14:33.980 +Thank you. + +15:32.800 --> 15:35.600 +Thank you. + +16:06.120 --> 16:06.940 +Thank you. + +16:27.080 --> 16:28.480 +Thank you. + +16:59.360 --> 16:59.580 +Thank you. + +17:30.820 --> 17:32.220 +Thank you. + +17:57.280 --> 17:58.680 +Thank you. + +18:27.240 --> 18:27.600 +Thank you. + +18:55.100 --> 18:58.540 +Nicky Marrero! Camina, Nicky! + +19:33.260 --> 19:34.040 +Thank you. + +20:05.300 --> 20:06.700 +¶¶ + +20:23.580 --> 20:28.040 +¶¶ most beautiful piano pieces I ever + +20:28.040 --> 20:31.800 +played. The name of the composers are + +20:31.800 --> 20:37.100 +Natalie Cole and Linda Williams. The name + +20:37.100 --> 20:39.380 +of the song is La Costa. + +21:01.440 --> 21:02.860 +Thank you. + +21:31.300 --> 21:31.660 +Thank you. + +22:04.140 --> 22:04.920 +Thank you. + +22:28.980 --> 22:30.380 +Thank you. + +23:04.100 --> 23:04.760 +Thank you. + +24:00.400 --> 24:01.800 +Thank you. + +24:33.900 --> 24:34.620 +Thank you. + +25:03.860 --> 25:06.340 +Thank you. + +25:26.620 --> 25:28.020 +Thank you. + +26:05.060 --> 26:05.360 +Thank you. + +26:29.940 --> 26:31.340 +Thank you. + +27:01.640 --> 27:02.420 +Thank you. + +27:32.100 --> 27:33.520 +Thank you. + +28:02.040 --> 28:03.440 +Thank you. + +28:28.100 --> 28:29.780 +Thank you. + +29:00.700 --> 29:02.100 +Thank you. + +29:31.920 --> 29:34.720 +Thank you. + +30:05.720 --> 30:05.840 +Thank you. + +30:29.140 --> 30:30.540 +Thank you. + +31:01.680 --> 31:03.220 +Thank you. + +31:26.600 --> 31:27.560 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/kp010zv7055_a_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/kp010zv7055_a_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4cd084b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/kp010zv7055_a_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,200 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:59.900 --> 00:59.960 +Thank you. + +02:00.000 --> 02:02.760 +the sun of Buendamar. + +02:20.370 --> 02:25.960 +With green horizon, green we cry, With + +02:25.960 --> 02:31.700 +silences of unrelenting green With a green + +02:31.700 --> 02:36.780 +horizon, crying green With silences of + +02:36.780 --> 02:39.140 +unrelenting green + +02:41.720 --> 02:49.120 +The sun is shining sadly Without seeing + +02:49.120 --> 02:54.400 +that the father has raised his cry 불 합니다 + +03:52.980 --> 03:54.380 + + +04:22.980 --> 04:24.380 + + +04:52.980 --> 04:54.380 + + +05:06.800 --> 05:08.200 +¶¶ + +05:19.500 --> 05:27.280 +¶¶ Here I will return Reincarnation Cycle + +05:27.280 --> 05:32.720 +of life The cradle of humanity Yes, Lord + +05:32.720 --> 05:36.900 +The evolution of the earth and of the + +05:36.900 --> 05:42.080 +people Everything is pending Of our love + +05:43.100 --> 05:48.080 +Youth deserves something better Than war + +05:48.080 --> 05:48.760 +and oppression + +05:51.640 --> 05:53.260 +Thank you. + +06:57.180 --> 06:58.580 +¶¶ + +07:17.260 --> 07:18.660 +¶¶ + +07:36.460 --> 07:39.800 +saying is believing but + +08:16.540 --> 08:17.940 +¶¶ + +08:20.960 --> 08:22.360 +Thank you. + +09:14.740 --> 09:17.540 +Thank you. + +09:43.320 --> 09:44.720 +¶¶ + +09:47.700 --> 09:52.420 +Tomorrow is for the two of us We have to + +09:52.420 --> 09:55.160 +think about tomorrow and the destination + +10:19.580 --> 10:20.980 +Thank you. + +10:46.760 --> 10:48.160 +Thank you. + +11:21.980 --> 11:22.040 +Thank you. + +11:51.800 --> 11:54.600 +Thank you. + +13:11.900 --> 13:14.700 +협kat writesева + +13:54.000 --> 13:55.480 +Thank you. + +14:22.080 --> 14:23.480 +Thank you. + +15:20.600 --> 15:20.660 +Thank you. + +15:46.180 --> 15:47.580 +Thank you. + +16:18.460 --> 16:21.100 +Thank you. + +16:51.060 --> 16:51.160 +Thank you. + +17:19.360 --> 17:19.420 +Thank you. + +17:52.400 --> 17:55.140 +Thank you. + +18:22.600 --> 18:23.140 +Thank you. + +19:17.680 --> 19:19.080 +Thank you. + +19:54.040 --> 19:55.720 +Thank you. + +20:20.060 --> 20:23.600 +Written by two ladies, the following song + +20:23.600 --> 20:26.640 +is one of the most beautiful piano pieces + +20:27.460 --> 20:30.920 +I ever played. The name of the composers + +20:30.920 --> 20:36.180 +are Natalie Cole and Linda Williams. The + +20:36.180 --> 20:39.340 +name of the song is La Costa. + +21:12.840 --> 21:15.660 +piano plays softly + +21:40.220 --> 21:42.400 +guitar solo + +22:44.700 --> 22:45.720 +Thank you. + +23:07.880 --> 23:09.280 +Thank you. + +24:10.620 --> 24:11.520 +Thank you. + +25:11.260 --> 25:12.660 +Thank you. + +25:47.300 --> 25:47.900 +Thank you. + +26:10.140 --> 26:11.540 +Thank you. + +26:35.420 --> 26:36.440 +Thank you. + +27:08.100 --> 27:09.500 +Thank you. + +27:39.600 --> 27:40.040 +Thank you. + +28:11.880 --> 28:13.280 +Thank you. + +28:41.900 --> 28:42.080 +Thank you. + +29:15.280 --> 29:18.260 +piano plays softly + +30:15.840 --> 30:18.200 +Thank you. + +30:46.800 --> 30:47.160 +Thank you. + +31:12.820 --> 31:13.240 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/kp010zv7055_a_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/kp010zv7055_a_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..034bb9b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/kp010zv7055_a_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

reference
transcript
f1Thank you.f1Thank you.
2the sun of Buendamar.2the sun of Buendamar.
n3With green horizon, green we cry, With silences of unrelenting green With a green3With green horizon, green we cry, With silences of unrelenting green With a gree
>n horizon, crying green With silences of unrelenting green The sun is shining sa>n horizon, crying green With silences of unrelenting green The sun is shining sa
>dly Without seeing that the father has raised his cry is ¶¶ Thank you.>dly Without seeing that the father has raised his cry 불 합니다 ¶¶ ¶¶ Here I will re
 >turn Reincarnation Cycle of life The cradle of humanity Yes, Lord The evolution 
 >of the earth and of the people Everything is pending Of our love Youth deserves 
 >something better Than war and oppression Thank you.
4We'll see you next time.
5¶¶ ¶¶ saying is believing but ¶¶ Thank you.4¶¶ ¶¶ saying is believing but ¶¶ Thank you.
6Thank you.5Thank you.
7¶¶ Tomorrow is for the two of us We have to think about tomorrow and the destina6¶¶ Tomorrow is for the two of us We have to think about tomorrow and the destina
>tion Thank you.>tion Thank you.
8Thank you.7Thank you.
9Thank you.8Thank you.
10Thank you.9Thank you.
n11I'm going to make a sauce.n10협kat writesева Thank you.
12Add 1 tablespoon of sugar.
13Add 1 tablespoon of sake.
14Add 1 tablespoon of sake.
15Add 1 tablespoon of soy sauce.
16Thank you.
17Thank you.
18Thank you.
19Thank you.
20Thank you.
21Thank you.
22Thank you.
23Thank you.
24.
25.
26Thank you.
27¶¶ ¶¶ piano pieces I ever played.
28The name of the composers are Natalie Cole and Linda Williams.
29The name of the song is La Costa.
30Thank you.
31Thank you.
32Thank you.
33Thank you.
34Thank you.
35I'm going to make a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit o
>f a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit o 
>f a little bit of a Thank you. 
36Thank you.11Thank you.
37Thank you.12Thank you.
38Thank you.13Thank you.
39Thank you.14Thank you.
40Thank you.15Thank you.
41Thank you.16Thank you.
42Thank you.17Thank you.
43Thank you.18Thank you.
44Thank you.19Thank you.
45Thank you.20Thank you.
n46I Thank you.n21Written by two ladies, the following song is one of the most beautiful piano pie
 >ces I ever played.
22The name of the composers are Natalie Cole and Linda Williams.
23The name of the song is La Costa.
24piano plays softly guitar solo Thank you.
47Thank you.25Thank you.
48Thank you.26Thank you.
49Thank you.27Thank you.
tt28Thank you.
29Thank you.
30Thank you.
31Thank you.
32Thank you.
33Thank you.
34Thank you.
35piano plays softly Thank you.
36Thank you.
37Thank you.
+ + + + +
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+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/kp010zv7055_b_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/kp010zv7055_b_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9d46d10 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/kp010zv7055_b_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:01.000 +Thank you. + +00:57.920 --> 00:59.320 +¶¶ + +01:05.400 --> 01:05.580 +Thank you. + +02:27.580 --> 02:29.520 +¶¶ ? + +02:34.560 --> 02:35.960 +? + +02:40.960 --> 02:44.400 +? Thank you. + +03:22.580 --> 03:22.760 +Thank you. + +03:42.720 --> 03:45.380 +When will the day come? When will the day + +03:45.380 --> 03:45.500 +come? + +04:18.240 --> 04:19.640 +Thank you. + +04:52.440 --> 04:55.120 +Thank you. + +05:21.280 --> 05:23.260 +¶¶ ¶¶ + +05:40.620 --> 05:42.020 +¶¶ + +05:49.620 --> 05:49.920 +Thank you. + +06:19.380 --> 06:22.180 +Thank you. + +06:46.680 --> 06:48.080 +Thank you. + +07:15.700 --> 07:20.960 +Carlos Patato Valdez. Camila Carlos. + +07:51.480 --> 07:52.420 +Thank you. + +08:37.840 --> 08:40.440 +¶¶ Tony Cintron Jr. + +08:52.540 --> 08:52.720 +Thank you. + +09:51.120 --> 09:53.100 +Thank you. + +10:19.380 --> 10:20.800 +Thank you. + +10:43.180 --> 10:44.640 +Thank you. + +11:40.600 --> 11:42.000 +¶¶ + +12:08.860 --> 12:11.560 +Thank you very much. That was our own + +12:11.560 --> 12:14.320 +original jamboree. + +12:16.200 --> 12:18.840 +Jamboree. I didn't know you liked calypso + +12:18.840 --> 12:19.380 +so well. + +12:34.520 --> 12:37.380 +I was saying good evening, ladies and + +12:37.380 --> 12:40.440 +gentlemen. This is a bilingual situation + +12:40.440 --> 12:46.940 +here. And it's more than bilingual because + +12:46.940 --> 12:51.580 +Patato speaks Spanish, English, African. + +12:52.420 --> 12:55.960 +Muchacho. I'm talking about Mr. Carlos + +12:55.960 --> 12:57.060 +Patato Valdez. + +13:08.920 --> 13:11.180 +This is the Inter-American band. See over + +13:11.180 --> 13:13.680 +there they didn't have room to put, or + +13:13.680 --> 13:15.740 +they didn't have the letters. They put + +13:15.740 --> 13:18.060 +just my name. They're supposed to be my + +13:18.060 --> 13:20.740 +name and the Inter-American band with + +13:20.740 --> 13:24.240 +Nicky Marrero. How about that? + +13:31.780 --> 13:34.360 +From Brazil, Sergio Brandao. + +13:42.480 --> 13:49.180 +And this young New York Rican, Tony + +13:49.180 --> 13:50.060 +Cintron Jr. Junior. + +13:59.300 --> 14:01.260 +Right now, I would like to play for you + +14:02.250 --> 14:05.380 +another original called Samba All Day + +14:05.380 --> 14:10.880 +Long. This is our interpretation of samba. + +14:28.220 --> 14:28.280 +Thank you. + +14:56.780 --> 14:58.280 +Thank you. + +15:53.920 --> 15:55.520 +Thank you. + +16:47.700 --> 16:49.100 +¶¶ + +16:54.720 --> 16:56.420 +Thank you. + +17:46.540 --> 17:47.940 +¶¶ + +17:52.780 --> 17:54.280 +Thank you. + +18:28.480 --> 18:31.280 +Thank you. + +18:47.940 --> 18:48.340 +? + +18:53.660 --> 18:55.060 +? + +19:29.320 --> 19:30.740 +Thank you. + +20:02.560 --> 20:05.180 +Thank you. + +20:54.460 --> 20:54.900 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +21:03.900 --> 21:03.960 +Thank you. + +21:31.580 --> 21:33.560 +Thank you. + +22:21.960 --> 22:24.020 +Sergio Brandao + +22:53.320 --> 22:54.720 +¶¶ + +23:31.540 --> 23:32.940 +Thank you. + +24:31.920 --> 24:33.320 +Thank you. + +25:03.060 --> 25:04.480 +Thank you. + +25:32.400 --> 25:32.700 +Thank you. + +26:22.720 --> 26:23.500 +Nikki Marrero. + +26:55.780 --> 26:57.180 +guitar solo + +27:22.720 --> 27:22.840 +Thank you. + +27:52.720 --> 27:56.600 +Now we like to feature Mr. Patato Valdez, + +27:57.100 --> 28:01.440 +playing his own composition, Come along. + +28:02.720 --> 28:03.560 +Camina Patato. + +28:58.560 --> 28:58.620 +Thank you. + +29:29.420 --> 29:30.820 +Thank you. + +29:57.620 --> 29:59.020 +Thank you. + +30:29.540 --> 30:31.020 +Thank you. + +31:00.380 --> 31:01.780 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/kp010zv7055_b_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/kp010zv7055_b_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..73fa718 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/kp010zv7055_b_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:01.000 +Thank you. + +00:57.920 --> 00:59.320 +¶¶ + +01:05.400 --> 01:05.580 +Thank you. + +02:27.580 --> 02:29.520 +¶¶ ? + +02:34.560 --> 02:35.960 +? + +02:40.960 --> 02:44.400 +? Thank you. + +03:22.580 --> 03:22.760 +Thank you. + +03:42.720 --> 03:45.380 +When will the day come? When will the day + +03:45.380 --> 03:45.500 +come? + +04:18.240 --> 04:19.640 +Thank you. + +04:52.440 --> 04:55.120 +Thank you. + +05:21.280 --> 05:23.260 +¶¶ ¶¶ + +05:40.620 --> 05:42.020 +¶¶ + +05:49.620 --> 05:49.920 +Thank you. + +06:19.380 --> 06:22.180 +Thank you. + +06:46.680 --> 06:48.080 +Thank you. + +07:15.700 --> 07:20.960 +Carlos Patato Valdez. Camila Carlos. + +07:51.480 --> 07:52.420 +Thank you. + +08:37.840 --> 08:40.440 +¶¶ Tony Cintron Jr. + +08:52.540 --> 08:52.720 +Thank you. + +09:51.120 --> 09:53.100 +Thank you. + +10:19.380 --> 10:20.800 +Thank you. + +10:43.180 --> 10:44.640 +Thank you. + +11:40.600 --> 11:42.000 +¶¶ + +12:08.860 --> 12:11.560 +Thank you very much. That was our own + +12:11.560 --> 12:14.320 +original jamboree. + +12:16.200 --> 12:18.840 +Jamboree. I didn't know you liked calypso + +12:18.840 --> 12:19.380 +so well. + +12:34.520 --> 12:37.380 +I was saying good evening, ladies and + +12:37.380 --> 12:40.440 +gentlemen. This is a bilingual situation + +12:40.440 --> 12:46.940 +here. And it's more than bilingual because + +12:46.940 --> 12:51.580 +Patato speaks Spanish, English, African. + +12:52.420 --> 12:55.960 +Muchacho. I'm talking about Mr. Carlos + +12:55.960 --> 12:57.060 +Patato Valdez. + +13:08.920 --> 13:11.180 +This is the Inter-American band. See over + +13:11.180 --> 13:13.680 +there they didn't have room to put, or + +13:13.680 --> 13:15.740 +they didn't have the letters. They put + +13:15.740 --> 13:18.060 +just my name. They're supposed to be my + +13:18.060 --> 13:20.740 +name and the Inter-American band with + +13:20.740 --> 13:24.240 +Nicky Marrero. How about that? + +13:31.780 --> 13:34.360 +From Brazil, Sergio Brandao. + +13:42.480 --> 13:49.180 +And this young New York Rican, Tony + +13:49.180 --> 13:50.060 +Cintron Jr. Junior. + +13:59.300 --> 14:01.260 +Right now, I would like to play for you + +14:02.250 --> 14:05.380 +another original called Samba All Day + +14:05.380 --> 14:10.880 +Long. This is our interpretation of samba. + +14:28.220 --> 14:28.280 +Thank you. + +14:56.780 --> 14:58.280 +Thank you. + +15:53.920 --> 15:55.520 +Thank you. + +16:47.700 --> 16:49.100 +¶¶ + +16:54.720 --> 16:56.420 +Thank you. + +17:46.540 --> 17:47.940 +¶¶ + +17:52.780 --> 17:54.280 +Thank you. + +18:28.480 --> 18:31.280 +Thank you. + +18:47.940 --> 18:48.340 +? + +18:53.660 --> 18:55.060 +? + +19:29.320 --> 19:30.740 +Thank you. + +20:02.560 --> 20:05.180 +Thank you. + +20:54.460 --> 20:54.900 + + +21:03.900 --> 21:03.960 +Thank you. + +21:31.580 --> 21:33.560 +Thank you. + +22:21.960 --> 22:24.020 +Sergio Brandao + +22:53.320 --> 22:54.720 +¶¶ + +23:31.540 --> 23:32.940 +Thank you. + +24:31.920 --> 24:33.320 +Thank you. + +25:03.060 --> 25:04.480 +Thank you. + +25:32.400 --> 25:32.700 +Thank you. + +26:22.720 --> 26:23.500 +Nikki Marrero. + +26:55.780 --> 26:57.180 +guitar solo + +27:22.720 --> 27:22.840 +Thank you. + +27:52.720 --> 27:56.600 +Now we like to feature Mr. Patato Valdez, + +27:57.100 --> 28:01.440 +playing his own composition, Come along. + +28:02.720 --> 28:03.560 +Camina Patato. + +28:58.560 --> 28:58.620 +Thank you. + +29:29.420 --> 29:30.820 +Thank you. + +29:57.620 --> 29:59.020 +Thank you. + +30:29.540 --> 30:31.020 +Thank you. + +31:00.380 --> 31:01.780 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/mc135dt6327.json b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/mc135dt6327.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b99f267 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/mc135dt6327.json @@ -0,0 +1,391 @@ +{ + "cocinaVersion": "0.99.3", + "type": "https://cocina.sul.stanford.edu/models/media", + "externalIdentifier": "druid:mc135dt6327", + "label": "chiura obata (mostly Japanese)", + "version": 10, + "access": { + "view": "world", + "download": "world", + "controlledDigitalLending": false + }, + "administrative": { + "hasAdminPolicy": "druid:pp818dw4992" + }, + "description": { + "title": [ + { + "structuredValue": [], + "parallelValue": [], + "groupedValue": [], + 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"druid:mc135dt6327=20=2" +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/my683pp9971_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/my683pp9971_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1be5858 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/my683pp9971_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,611 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:13.980 --> 00:18.000 +The following tape contains lessons one + +00:18.000 --> 00:20.420 +through five of the conversational + +00:20.420 --> 00:22.600 +Cherokee course prepared by the Cherokee + +00:22.600 --> 00:26.040 +Bilingual Education Program. Each lesson + +00:26.040 --> 00:28.860 +begins with a dialogue with each phrase + +00:28.860 --> 00:32.580 +recorded seven times. Listen to the first + +00:32.580 --> 00:35.500 +three repetitions and repeat after the + +00:35.500 --> 00:39.260 +fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh during + +00:39.260 --> 00:42.600 +the pauses. Then continue with the drills + +00:42.600 --> 00:45.800 +following the instructions provided in the + +00:45.800 --> 00:46.080 +tape. + +00:49.440 --> 00:51.880 +Conversational Cherokee Lesson 1. + +00:52.600 --> 00:59.760 +Greetings. Hello John. OCO John. OCO John. + +01:00.000 --> 01:08.060 +OCO John. OCO John. OCO John. OCO John. + +01:08.880 --> 01:15.180 +OCO John. OCO John. OCO John. OCO John. + +01:15.180 --> 01:17.460 +Hello, Ann. ! + +01:37.840 --> 01:39.240 +How are you? + +01:45.180 --> 01:47.240 +Tohitu. Tohitu. + +01:49.120 --> 01:50.520 +Tohitu. + +01:52.320 --> 01:53.720 +Tohitu. + +01:57.800 --> 01:59.200 +Fine. + +02:03.280 --> 02:07.020 +Tohiku. Tohiku. Tohiku. + +02:15.180 --> 02:16.040 +. . + +02:19.900 --> 02:22.060 +And you? + +02:52.920 --> 02:54.920 +Yes, fine. + +03:22.300 --> 03:24.960 +additional vocabulary repetition + +03:27.400 --> 03:34.080 +one he ah, where is son? he ah, where is + +03:34.080 --> 03:43.920 +son? two he ah, ah ma? he ah, ah ma? + +03:47.540 --> 03:48.280 +three Three. + +03:55.980 --> 03:57.380 +Four. + +04:07.100 --> 04:08.500 +Five. + +04:23.300 --> 04:26.180 +Six. Six. + +04:29.680 --> 04:30.400 +Six. + +04:36.580 --> 04:40.100 +Question drill. You will hear the + +04:40.100 --> 04:44.200 +question, what is this, in Cherokee, six + +04:44.200 --> 04:48.520 +times. Give a one-word answer. using the + +04:48.520 --> 04:51.240 +noun found in the corresponding six + +04:51.240 --> 04:53.200 +sentences in the additional vocabulary + +04:53.200 --> 04:53.600 +drill. + +05:18.100 --> 05:22.460 +Three. Kada ushti hiya. + +05:25.240 --> 05:26.320 +Aspala. + +05:28.860 --> 05:29.940 +Aspala. + +05:31.980 --> 05:38.480 +Four. Kada ushti hiya. Agaya. + +05:42.040 --> 05:47.320 +Agaya. Five. Kada ushti hiya. + +05:58.640 --> 06:01.280 +Six. . + +06:05.080 --> 06:10.460 +Additional question, Dr. Elf. . . . . . . + +06:10.460 --> 06:10.840 +. . . . . + +06:15.760 --> 06:20.720 +additional question drill repetition in + +06:20.720 --> 06:24.320 +this drill you'll hear a question with the + +06:24.320 --> 06:27.660 +six nouns with each of the six nouns used + +06:27.660 --> 06:30.200 +in the previous drills questioned that is + +06:30.200 --> 06:32.420 +the question suffix will be attached to + +06:32.420 --> 06:35.820 +these nouns. You will then hear the + +06:35.820 --> 06:41.300 +answer. Repeat the answer, which will be + +06:41.300 --> 06:41.780 +given twice. + +06:44.520 --> 06:52.220 +Repeat. One. Where is that? Here. Ah, + +06:52.220 --> 06:57.000 +where is that? Ah, where is that? + +07:57.280 --> 08:03.220 +I gave you just a conversation at normal + +08:03.220 --> 08:05.980 +speed do not repeat listen for + +08:05.980 --> 08:09.540 +comprehension only Oh see you John we'll + +08:09.540 --> 08:12.600 +see you all right Tohiku? Tohiku? Nah nah, + +08:12.640 --> 08:16.760 +tohiku is... Ah, tohiku? End of lesson + +08:16.760 --> 08:17.020 +one. + +08:23.400 --> 08:25.700 +Lesson two, dialogue. + +08:27.540 --> 08:29.700 +Hello. Hello? Hello? + +08:58.300 --> 09:01.020 +Do you speak English? English. Your + +09:01.020 --> 09:04.300 +negative on this. Your negative on this. + +09:05.340 --> 09:09.140 +Your negative on this. Your negative on + +09:09.140 --> 09:09.440 +this. + +09:12.580 --> 09:13.980 +Your negative on this. + +09:16.820 --> 09:22.060 +Your negative on this. Your negative on + +09:22.060 --> 09:27.520 +this. Yes, I speak English well. All + +09:27.520 --> 09:27.720 +right, home. + +09:57.960 --> 10:00.680 +What is your name? + +10:19.240 --> 10:25.660 +My name is Bill Brown. I am Bill Brown. I + +10:25.660 --> 10:31.600 +am Bill Brown. I am Bill Brown. I am Bill + +10:31.600 --> 10:37.240 +Brown. I am Bill Brown. I am Bill Brown. I + +10:37.240 --> 10:44.640 +am Bill Brown. I am Bill + +10:44.640 --> 10:50.100 +Brown. I am Bill + +10:50.100 --> 10:55.520 +Brown. And you? What is your name? + +11:04.060 --> 11:05.460 +one. + +11:19.540 --> 11:27.020 +Any squirrel? On slowly, on slowly, on + +11:27.020 --> 11:35.440 +slowly, on slowly, on slowly, on slowly. + +11:35.440 --> 11:41.440 +Slowly. On slowly. Do you want water? I + +11:41.440 --> 11:45.740 +musta dooly. I musta dooly. I musta dooly. + +11:46.100 --> 11:54.260 +I musta dooly. I musta dooly. I musta + +11:54.260 --> 11:59.200 +dooly. I musta dooly. Yes, I am thirsty + +11:59.200 --> 12:03.900 +for water. Uh, I'm locked today. Uh, I'm + +12:03.900 --> 12:13.140 +locked today. A mak tdegi. A mak tdegi. A + +12:13.140 --> 12:18.940 +mak tdegi. A mak tdegi. + +12:25.760 --> 12:28.680 +Here is water. + +12:46.540 --> 12:53.320 +Thanks. Thanks. Wado. Wado. Wado. Wado. + +12:54.580 --> 13:00.700 +Wado. Wado. Wado. + +13:07.060 --> 13:11.820 +Additional vocabulary repetition. Repeat + +13:11.820 --> 13:14.680 +after each phrase. One. One. + +13:21.460 --> 13:22.860 +Two. + +13:30.900 --> 13:32.300 +Three. + +13:44.520 --> 13:52.420 +Kentucky yeah Kentucky for Yeah Yeah, Dana + +13:54.300 --> 13:58.940 +Yeah, yeah, Dana. Yeah, yeah, Dana + +14:02.220 --> 14:05.180 +Hi, yeah, good today + +14:08.020 --> 14:12.160 +Yeah good today. Yeah good today + +14:15.020 --> 14:22.640 +Six. Here, take two liner. Here, take two + +14:22.640 --> 14:25.700 +liner. Here, take two liner. + +14:28.460 --> 14:33.280 +Question drill. Listen to the question and + +14:33.280 --> 14:35.940 +then give the answer. Model. + +14:38.380 --> 14:41.820 +Is this a boy? Yes, it's a boy. + +15:12.340 --> 15:14.020 +He asked, Ya ge? + +15:17.580 --> 15:19.340 +Ya ge da? + +15:22.800 --> 15:24.640 +Ya ge da? + +15:28.880 --> 15:32.200 +Three. He asked, Kan toke? + +15:35.820 --> 15:41.480 +Kan toke da? . + +15:56.480 --> 15:57.880 +Five. + +16:00.680 --> 16:02.000 +. + +16:14.600 --> 16:18.560 +Six. Additional question, Daryl. + +16:33.400 --> 16:39.780 +Model, what is this? A woman. Kada u + +16:39.780 --> 16:42.360 +stihia? A gay ya? + +16:46.500 --> 16:52.180 +A gay ya? A gay ya? After each question, + +16:52.360 --> 16:56.360 +kada u stihia? Give the one word answer + +16:56.360 --> 16:58.380 +which corresponds to the nouns in numbers + +16:58.380 --> 17:01.720 +one through six. One. + +17:08.460 --> 17:09.860 +Two. + +17:18.600 --> 17:20.000 +Three. + +17:29.160 --> 17:29.980 +kanto ki + +17:34.020 --> 17:40.140 +four ya thay + +17:40.140 --> 17:40.320 +na + +17:44.080 --> 17:51.440 +five kar choday + +17:55.600 --> 17:56.340 +Six. + +18:06.300 --> 18:08.680 +Conversation at normal speed. Do not + +18:08.680 --> 18:12.120 +repeat. Listen for comprehension only. tôi + +18:12.120 --> 18:15.180 +joc cí joyful recovery + +18:17.640 --> 18:22.160 +cí ch react brackle my phone + +18:25.640 --> 18:27.060 +softwarming listen + +18:32.800 --> 18:34.200 +againø + +18:40.880 --> 18:43.000 +I am Bill Brown dog with a name of the + +18:43.000 --> 18:47.600 +Dota's a dog on slowly. I'm a chateau I'm + +18:47.600 --> 18:49.920 +not today. I'm What? + +18:53.540 --> 18:55.780 +End of lesson two + +19:05.580 --> 19:08.980 +Conversational Cherokee lesson three + +19:11.060 --> 19:15.760 +Dialogue with Mary and Charles. Hello, + +19:15.820 --> 19:35.180 +Charles. Hello, Charles. Hello, Mary. + +19:36.220 --> 19:39.200 +Hello Mary. . + +19:57.940 --> 19:59.420 +What are you doing? + +20:20.680 --> 20:23.480 +I'm working. + +20:29.420 --> 20:30.500 +Doggy left stony. + +20:33.640 --> 20:35.060 +Doggy left stony. + +20:38.720 --> 20:40.120 +Doggy left stony. + +20:44.620 --> 20:50.000 +Doggy left stony. What are you building? + +21:20.560 --> 21:24.520 +Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi + +21:24.520 --> 21:33.320 +Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga + +21:33.320 --> 21:34.180 +Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi + +21:37.560 --> 21:40.540 +Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi + +21:40.540 --> 21:44.600 +Jathaga + +21:44.600 --> 21:45.460 +Unniyasthi + +21:48.940 --> 21:52.920 +Give me a hammer. Ganai velocity has + +21:52.920 --> 21:55.300 +consumed. Ganai velocity has consumed. + +21:55.640 --> 21:57.460 +Ganai velocity has consumed. + +22:05.120 --> 22:07.000 +Ganai velocity has consumed. + +22:12.260 --> 22:14.240 +Ganai velocity has consumed. Can you see? + +22:18.820 --> 22:20.200 +Can anyone who lost their hair, say + +22:20.200 --> 22:20.520 +something? + +22:24.200 --> 22:28.720 +Do you want any nails? What did I do? What + +22:28.720 --> 22:31.620 +did I do? What did I do? + +22:56.120 --> 22:59.680 +Yes, I want nails. + +23:34.660 --> 23:36.380 +Here are a hammer and nails. + +23:59.680 --> 24:01.540 +I have not done anything wrong. + +24:06.450 --> 24:08.500 +I have not done anything wrong. + +24:14.450 --> 24:18.440 +Thanks. Thanks. What don't? What don't? + +24:18.980 --> 24:27.040 +What don't? What don't? What don't? What + +24:27.040 --> 24:33.200 +don't? What don't? What don't? What don't? + +24:33.200 --> 24:33.980 +End of the dialogue. + +24:37.380 --> 24:42.280 +Additional vocabulary drill. One. Bill is + +24:42.280 --> 24:42.700 +working. + +24:52.680 --> 24:56.540 +Bill is speaking. Bill is speaking. + +25:01.480 --> 25:02.400 +Bill is speaking. + +25:06.920 --> 25:11.620 +Bill is building a house. We got so the + +25:11.620 --> 25:12.480 +honest game + +25:17.640 --> 25:19.980 +We got so the honest game + +25:23.420 --> 25:27.580 +For bill is thinking we are downtown + +25:32.300 --> 25:33.780 +We are downtown + +25:37.320 --> 25:40.380 +Five. Bill is helping. + +25:47.380 --> 25:48.560 +Six. + +25:52.920 --> 25:56.440 +Bill is sleeping. We'll go to sleep. + +26:01.420 --> 26:02.640 +We'll go to sleep. + +26:09.440 --> 26:12.780 +Question Drill You will hear the question, + +26:13.040 --> 26:18.100 +What is Bill doing? six times. Give a one + +26:18.100 --> 26:21.640 +-word answer using the verb found in the + +26:21.640 --> 26:24.080 +corresponding numbers of the additional + +26:24.080 --> 26:25.160 +vocabulary drill. + +26:28.080 --> 26:29.360 +One. + +26:31.760 --> 26:36.800 +. . . + +26:44.560 --> 26:45.840 +. + +27:16.420 --> 27:17.600 +How many are you doing? + +27:21.400 --> 27:22.540 +I'm doing fine. + +27:26.120 --> 27:31.940 +I'm doing fine. Five. How many are you + +27:31.940 --> 27:32.080 +doing? + +27:36.220 --> 27:37.140 +I'm doing fine. + +27:40.360 --> 27:42.720 +I'm doing fine. Six. + +27:45.840 --> 27:46.640 +How are you? + +27:54.560 --> 27:56.360 +How are you? + +28:02.340 --> 28:05.180 +Dialogue at normal speed. Do not repeat. + +28:05.360 --> 28:07.220 +Listen for comprehension only. + +28:27.000 --> 28:29.260 +End of lesson three. + +29:13.900 --> 29:16.000 +Thank you. Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/my683pp9971_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/my683pp9971_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f082d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/my683pp9971_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,626 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:13.980 --> 00:18.000 +The following tape contains lessons one + +00:18.000 --> 00:20.420 +through five of the conversational + +00:20.420 --> 00:22.600 +Cherokee course prepared by the Cherokee + +00:22.600 --> 00:26.040 +Bilingual Education Program. Each lesson + +00:26.040 --> 00:28.860 +begins with a dialogue with each phrase + +00:28.860 --> 00:32.580 +recorded seven times. Listen to the first + +00:32.580 --> 00:35.500 +three repetitions and repeat after the + +00:35.500 --> 00:39.260 +fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh during + +00:39.260 --> 00:42.600 +the pauses. Then continue with the drills + +00:42.600 --> 00:45.800 +following the instructions provided in the + +00:45.800 --> 00:46.080 +tape. + +00:49.440 --> 00:51.880 +Conversational Cherokee Lesson 1. + +00:52.600 --> 00:59.760 +Greetings. Hello John. OCO John. OCO John. + +01:00.000 --> 01:08.060 +OCO John. OCO John. OCO John. OCO John. + +01:08.880 --> 01:15.180 +OCO John. OCO John. OCO John. OCO John. + +01:15.180 --> 01:21.140 +Hello Ann. Osiyo Ann. Osiyo Ann. Osiyo + +01:21.140 --> 01:26.980 +Ann. Osiyo Ann. Osiyo Ann. + +01:37.840 --> 01:39.280 +How are you? + +01:54.620 --> 01:56.020 +Fine. + +02:11.360 --> 02:12.760 +Tawheegwa. + +02:14.460 --> 02:15.860 +Tawheegwa. + +02:20.980 --> 02:22.060 +and you. + +03:15.860 --> 03:19.000 +Do顯고 A Do顯고 + +03:22.020 --> 03:23.260 +Additional vocabulary + +03:26.640 --> 03:28.040 +Repetition四 + +03:37.680 --> 03:39.080 +統 + +03:41.860 --> 03:43.260 +YID + +03:46.760 --> 03:51.120 +Three. Aqugrund. + +03:54.900 --> 03:57.920 +Aqugrund. Four. + +04:00.980 --> 04:02.580 +Aqu olmaz. + +04:14.440 --> 04:16.480 +Aquonzuela. Achoo-chah. + +04:19.580 --> 04:27.000 +Hee-yah. Achoo-chah. Six. Hee-yah. Agay + +04:27.000 --> 04:31.820 +-hoo-chah. Hee-yah. Agay-hoo-chah. + +04:37.080 --> 04:40.120 +Question drill. You will hear the + +04:40.120 --> 04:44.160 +question, what is this? in Cherokee six + +04:44.160 --> 04:48.520 +times. Give a one word answer using the + +04:48.520 --> 04:51.240 +noun found in the corresponding six + +04:51.240 --> 04:53.180 +sentences in the additional vocabulary + +04:53.180 --> 05:01.140 +drill. One. . . . + +05:05.400 --> 05:13.620 +Two. . Kadda uusti Hina. Ama. + +05:16.240 --> 05:22.480 +Ama. Three. Kadda uusti Hina. + +05:25.460 --> 05:26.420 +Asvala. + +05:29.040 --> 05:30.000 +Asvala. + +05:32.100 --> 05:35.640 +Four. Kadda uusti Hina. + +06:15.900 --> 06:20.720 +Additional question drill. Repetition. In + +06:20.720 --> 06:24.060 +this drill, you will hear a question with + +06:24.060 --> 06:26.740 +the six nouns, with each of the six nouns + +06:26.740 --> 06:29.480 +used in the previous drills questioned. + +06:29.620 --> 06:31.660 +That is, the question suffix will be + +06:31.660 --> 06:35.520 +attached to these nouns. You will then + +06:35.520 --> 06:41.080 +hear the answer. Repeat the answer, which + +06:41.080 --> 06:48.560 +will be given twice. Repeat. One. Where is + +06:48.560 --> 07:00.440 +he? Where is he? Where is he? Two. Two. + +07:09.820 --> 07:11.220 +Three. + +07:21.320 --> 07:22.720 +Four. + +08:02.160 --> 08:04.660 +Conversation at normal speed. Do not + +08:04.660 --> 08:07.040 +repeat. Listen for comprehension only. + +08:08.240 --> 08:12.080 +Oseo, John. Oseo, huh? Tohiku. Tohiku. + +08:15.320 --> 08:16.980 +End of lesson one. + +08:23.800 --> 08:29.940 +Lesson 2. Dialogue. Hello. Oh, see y'all. + +08:31.540 --> 08:36.220 +Oh, see y'all. Oh, see y'all. See y'all. + +08:39.220 --> 08:45.780 +See y'all. See y'all. Hello. Hello? OCO. + +08:45.920 --> 08:59.280 +OCO. OCO. OCO. OCO. OCO. OCO. Do you speak + +08:59.280 --> 09:02.020 +English? English. Your negative on this. + +09:03.020 --> 09:06.400 +Your negative on this. Your negative on + +09:06.400 --> 09:09.440 +this. Your negative on this. + +09:12.580 --> 09:13.980 +Your negative on this. + +09:16.820 --> 09:22.060 +Your negative on this. Your negative on + +09:22.060 --> 09:27.520 +this. Yes, I speak English well. All + +09:27.520 --> 09:27.720 +right, home. + +09:57.960 --> 10:00.680 +What is your name? + +10:19.240 --> 10:25.660 +My name is Bill Brown. I am Bill Brown. I + +10:25.660 --> 10:31.600 +am Bill Brown. I am Bill Brown. I am Bill + +10:31.600 --> 10:37.240 +Brown. I am Bill Brown. I am Bill Brown. I + +10:37.240 --> 10:44.640 +am Bill Brown. I am Bill + +10:44.640 --> 10:50.100 +Brown. I am Bill + +10:50.100 --> 10:55.680 +Brown. And you? What is your name? Yanhee. + +10:56.060 --> 11:02.380 +Na h reappe. Na h reappe. Na h reappe. Na + +11:02.380 --> 11:06.900 +h reappe. Na h reappe. Na h reappe. Na h + +11:06.900 --> 11:06.900 +reappe. + +11:23.340 --> 11:32.120 +Na h. On slowly. On slowly. On slowly. On + +11:32.120 --> 11:40.220 +slowly. On slowly. On slowly. Do you want + +11:40.220 --> 11:45.160 +water? I must do Lee I must do Lee I must + +11:45.160 --> 11:54.080 +do Lee I must do Lee I must do Lee I must + +11:54.080 --> 11:59.540 +do me I must do me yes I am thirsty for + +11:59.540 --> 12:05.840 +water I'm locked today I'm locked today a + +12:05.840 --> 12:13.700 +mock today a mark today a mark + +12:13.700 --> 12:18.400 +today a mark + +12:18.400 --> 12:24.540 +today a mark + +12:24.540 --> 12:28.740 +today Here is water. + +12:45.100 --> 12:46.500 +Thanks. + +12:54.540 --> 13:00.700 +Wado. Wado. Wado. + +13:07.100 --> 13:11.800 +Additional vocabulary repetition. Repeat + +13:11.800 --> 13:17.100 +after each phrase. One. Hiya kanagolosti. + +13:18.740 --> 13:25.480 +Hiya kanagolosti. Hiya kanagolosti. Two. + +13:26.360 --> 13:36.660 +Hiya, yagi. Hiya, yagi. Hiya, yagi. Three. + +13:37.900 --> 13:40.140 +Hiya, kantoke. + +13:43.020 --> 13:50.080 +Hiya, kantoke. Hiya, kantoke. Four. Hiya, + +13:51.400 --> 13:52.380 +tena. + +14:22.380 --> 14:25.700 +Take two liner. Here, take two liner. + +14:28.480 --> 14:32.080 +Question drill. Listen to the question, + +14:32.240 --> 14:35.920 +and then give the answer. Model. + +14:38.460 --> 14:43.480 +Is this a boy? Yes, it's a boy. Here, I + +14:43.480 --> 14:47.960 +choose a... I choose a... One. One. + +15:02.760 --> 15:04.160 +Two. + +15:17.960 --> 15:19.360 +Yagida + +15:23.160 --> 15:24.560 +Yagida + +15:28.960 --> 15:32.400 +Three Hiyas kantoke + +15:36.680 --> 15:37.740 +Kantoke da + +15:41.640 --> 15:46.160 +Kantoke da Four. + +15:52.220 --> 15:53.620 +Five. + +16:27.940 --> 16:34.760 +Additional question drill. Model, what is + +16:34.760 --> 16:44.040 +this? A woman. One. . Again. . + +16:46.620 --> 16:47.880 +Again. . + +16:50.820 --> 16:56.100 +After each question, , give the one word + +16:56.100 --> 16:58.080 +answer which corresponds to the nouns in + +16:58.080 --> 17:05.260 +numbers one through six. One. . Kadavusti + +17:05.260 --> 17:08.780 +yaa. Kanagalausti. + +17:10.660 --> 17:19.820 +Kanagalausti. Two. Kadavusti yaa. Yagi. + +17:21.160 --> 17:29.880 +Yagi. Three. Kadavusti yaa. Kantoki. + +17:31.760 --> 17:34.940 +Kantoki. Four. + +17:39.600 --> 17:41.000 +Five. + +17:50.300 --> 17:51.700 +Six. + +18:04.200 --> 18:07.540 +Take two, Lena. Conversation at normal + +18:07.540 --> 18:09.920 +speed. Do not repeat. Listen for + +18:09.920 --> 18:14.460 +comprehension only. Siu. Oh, Siu. You want + +18:14.460 --> 18:16.660 +to ask your own needs? Oh, I want to ask + +18:16.660 --> 18:20.300 +my own needs. How do I do it? You can ask + +18:20.300 --> 18:23.480 +Bill Brown. How do I do it? Oh, slowly. + +18:24.260 --> 18:27.300 +How much do I do? Oh, how much do I do? + +18:27.760 --> 18:31.940 +Oh, how much do I do? What do I do? Listen + +18:31.940 --> 18:32.440 +once again. + +18:51.760 --> 18:55.800 +End of lesson two. + +19:05.560 --> 19:12.020 +Conversational Cherokee Lesson 3 Dialogue + +19:12.020 --> 19:17.040 +with Mary and Charles Hello, Charles. See + +19:17.040 --> 19:19.740 +you, Charles. See you, Charles. See you, + +19:19.740 --> 19:21.100 +Charles. See you, Charles. + +19:24.240 --> 19:25.280 +See you, Charles. + +19:28.260 --> 19:29.360 +See you, Charles. + +19:32.680 --> 19:33.260 +Hello, John. + +19:36.380 --> 19:40.740 +Hello, Mary. See you, Mary. See you, Mary. + +19:40.980 --> 19:43.180 +See you, Mary. See you, Mary. + +19:46.480 --> 19:50.580 +See you, Mary. See you, Mary. See you, + +19:50.680 --> 19:50.960 +Mary. + +19:57.940 --> 19:59.400 +What are you doing? + +20:20.720 --> 20:23.520 +I'm working. + +20:44.000 --> 20:49.640 +What are you + +20:49.640 --> 20:49.980 +building? + +21:20.560 --> 21:24.520 +Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi + +21:24.520 --> 21:33.320 +Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga + +21:33.320 --> 21:38.960 +Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga + +21:38.960 --> 21:44.600 +Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga + +21:44.600 --> 21:45.460 +Unniyasthi + +21:48.940 --> 21:52.920 +Give me a hammer. Ganai velocity has + +21:52.920 --> 21:55.300 +consumed. Ganai velocity has consumed. + +21:55.640 --> 21:57.460 +Ganai velocity has consumed. + +22:05.120 --> 22:07.000 +Ganai velocity has consumed. + +22:12.260 --> 22:14.080 +Ganai velocity has consumed. + +22:19.620 --> 22:25.060 +Do you want + +22:25.060 --> 22:25.560 +any nails? + +22:45.380 --> 22:46.460 +B Club + +22:52.680 --> 22:53.760 +Yes, + +22:58.640 --> 23:02.860 +I want nails. B Club + +23:14.560 --> 23:17.740 +uh uh uh uh uh uh + +23:21.320 --> 23:22.540 +uh uh uh uh uh uh + +23:34.000 --> 23:37.680 +Here are a hammer and nails. I'm gonna go + +23:37.680 --> 23:42.960 +lost yeah no I'm gonna go lost yeah no I'm + +23:42.960 --> 23:47.000 +gonna go lost yeah no I'm gonna go lost + +23:47.000 --> 23:47.620 +yeah no + +23:52.220 --> 23:54.760 +I'm gonna go lost yeah no + +23:59.780 --> 24:02.160 +I'm gonna go lost yeah no + +24:13.920 --> 24:19.660 +Thanks. Vata. Vata. Vata. + +24:23.300 --> 24:29.620 +Vata. Vata. Vata. Vata. + +24:32.140 --> 24:34.000 +End of the dialogue. + +24:37.440 --> 24:42.240 +Additional vocabulary drill. One. Bill is + +24:42.240 --> 24:44.760 +working. Will do language learning. + +24:47.760 --> 24:49.560 +Will do language learning. + +24:52.510 --> 24:56.940 +Two. Bill is speaking. Will go on it. + +25:01.140 --> 25:02.760 +Will go on it. + +25:06.740 --> 25:09.860 +Three, Bill is building a house. + +25:23.460 --> 25:25.580 +Four, Bill is thinking. + +25:37.940 --> 25:40.400 +Five, Bill is helping. + +25:47.680 --> 25:48.560 +Six, + +25:53.380 --> 25:56.440 +Bill is sleeping. We'll go to sleep. + +26:01.440 --> 26:02.640 +We'll go to sleep. + +26:09.460 --> 26:12.420 +Question Drill. You will hear the + +26:12.420 --> 26:15.760 +question, What is Bill doing? six times. + +26:16.640 --> 26:20.720 +Give a one-word answer using the verb + +26:20.720 --> 26:23.700 +found in the corresponding numbers of the + +26:23.700 --> 26:25.160 +additional vocabulary drill. + +26:28.780 --> 26:33.100 +One. What's your name, Will? + +26:36.240 --> 26:37.780 +Too long, Mr. Donner. + +26:41.000 --> 26:45.360 +Too long, Mr. Donner. Two. + +26:48.460 --> 26:49.920 +What's your name, Will? + +26:53.700 --> 27:02.600 +Go on me. Go on me. Three. Go on me. + +27:05.560 --> 27:08.260 +Go on me. Go on me. Go on me. Go on me. Go + +27:08.260 --> 27:11.940 +on me. Go on me. Go on me. Go on me. Go on + +27:11.940 --> 27:21.960 +me. Go on me. Go on me. Go on + +27:21.960 --> 27:22.380 +me. + +27:28.900 --> 27:32.320 +Five. Six. Ten. + +27:35.780 --> 27:37.220 +Twelve. Thirteen. + +27:42.600 --> 27:43.280 +Fourteen. + +27:51.680 --> 27:52.360 +Fifteen. + +28:02.360 --> 28:05.180 +Dialogue at normal speed. Do not repeat. + +28:05.420 --> 28:07.220 +Listen for comprehension only. + +28:27.080 --> 28:29.240 +End of lesson three. + +29:05.800 --> 29:07.200 +Thank you. + +29:13.180 --> 29:15.540 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/my683pp9971_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/my683pp9971_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b38e1c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/my683pp9971_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html @@ -0,0 +1,446 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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reference
transcript
f1The following tape contains lessons one through five of the conversational Cherof1The following tape contains lessons one through five of the conversational Chero
>kee course prepared by the Cherokee Bilingual Education Program.>kee course prepared by the Cherokee Bilingual Education Program.
2Each lesson begins with a dialogue with each phrase recorded seven times.2Each lesson begins with a dialogue with each phrase recorded seven times.
3Listen to the first three repetitions and repeat after the fourth, fifth, sixth,3Listen to the first three repetitions and repeat after the fourth, fifth, sixth,
> and seventh during the pauses.> and seventh during the pauses.
4Then continue with the drills following the instructions provided in the tape.4Then continue with the drills following the instructions provided in the tape.
5Conversational Cherokee Lesson 1.5Conversational Cherokee Lesson 1.
6Greetings.6Greetings.
7Hello John.7Hello John.
8OCO John.8OCO John.
9OCO John.9OCO John.
10OCO John.10OCO John.
11OCO John.11OCO John.
12OCO John.12OCO John.
13OCO John.13OCO John.
14OCO John.14OCO John.
15OCO John.15OCO John.
16OCO John.16OCO John.
17OCO John.17OCO John.
n18Hello, Ann.n18Hello Ann.
19Osiyo Ann.
20Osiyo Ann.
21Osiyo Ann.
22Osiyo Ann.
23Osiyo Ann.
19How are you?24How are you?
n20Tohitu.n
21Tohitu.
22Tohitu.
23Tohitu.
24Fine.25Fine.
n25Tohiku.n26Tawheegwa.
26Tohiku.27Tawheegwa.
27Tohiku.28and you.
28tô hiqua and you.29Do顯고 A Do顯고 Additional vocabulary Repetition四 統 YID Three.
29ni hinna tô hiqua's ni hinna tô hiqua's ni hinna tô hiqua's ni hinna tô hiqua's 30Aqugrund.
>ni hinna tô hiqua's ni hinna tô hiqua's ni hinna tô hiqua's ni hinna tô hiqua's  
>Yes, fine. 
30Tohiku.31Aqugrund.
31Ah. Tohiku.32Four.
32Ah. Tohiku.33Aqu olmaz.
33Additional vocabulary.34Aquonzuela.
35Achoo-chah.
36Hee-yah.
37Achoo-chah.
38Six.
39Hee-yah.
40Agay -hoo-chah.
41Hee-yah.
42Agay-hoo-chah.
43Question drill.
44You will hear the question, what is this?
45in Cherokee six times.
46Give a one word answer using the noun found in the corresponding six sentences i
 >n the additional vocabulary drill.
47One.
48.
49.
50.
51Two.
52.
53Kadda uusti Hina.
54Ama.
55Ama.
56Three.
57Kadda uusti Hina.
58Asvala.
59Asvala.
60Four.
61Kadda uusti Hina.
62Additional question drill.
34Repetition.63Repetition.
n35One.n
36Hiya.
37Where's son?
38Hiya.
39Where's son?
40Two.
41Hiya.
42Ah-ma.
43Hiya.
44Ah-ma.
45Three Aية hah Passkaya AIA.
46Four AIA.
47Hiya, agye hyam.
48Hiya, agye hyam.
49Five.
50Hiya, achu cham.
51Hiya, achu cham.
52Six.
53Hiya, agye hyu cham.
54Question drill.
55You will hear the question, what is this, in Cherokee six times.
56Give a one-word answer using the noun found in the corresponding six sentences i
>n the additional vocabulary drill. 
57One.
58Where is son?
59Where is son?
60Two.
61Where is son?
62Mom.
63Mom.
64Three.
65Three.
66Four.
67Five.
68MEANWHILE Он хタ Repetition.
69In this drill, you will hear a question with the six nouns, with each of the six64In this drill, you will hear a question with the six nouns, with each of the six
> nouns used in the previous drills questioned.> nouns used in the previous drills questioned.
70That is, the question suffix will be attached to these nouns.65That is, the question suffix will be attached to these nouns.
71You will then hear the answer.66You will then hear the answer.
72Repeat the answer, which will be given twice.67Repeat the answer, which will be given twice.
73Repeat.68Repeat.
74One.69One.
n75One.n70Where is he?
71Where is he?
72Where is he?
76Two.73Two.
nn74Two.
77Three.75Three.
n78Askaya Four Agayas Agayam Five Achujas conversation at normal speed do not repean76Four.
>t listen for comprehension only uh, tohiku. 
77Conversation at normal speed.
78Do not repeat.
79Listen for comprehension only.
80Oseo, John.
81Oseo, huh?
82Tohiku.
83Tohiku.
79End of lesson one.84End of lesson one.
n80Lesson two, dialogue.n85Lesson 2.
86Dialogue.
81Hello.87Hello.
n82See you.n88Oh, see y'all.
83See you.89Oh, see y'all.
84See you.90Oh, see y'all.
85See you.91See y'all.
86See you.92See y'all.
87See you.93See y'all.
88C chain?94Hello.
89C chain?95Hello?
90Hello C chain?96OCO.
91C chain?97OCO.
92C chain?98OCO.
93C chain?99OCO.
100OCO.
101OCO.
102OCO.
94Do you speak English?103Do you speak English?
n95C chain?n104English.
96C chain?105Your negative on this.
97C chain?106Your negative on this.
98No nagasə voniskti no one will leave you��은 depths呆ся medicina대 What is your nam107Your negative on this.
>e? 
108Your negative on this.
109Your negative on this.
110Your negative on this.
111Your negative on this.
112Yes, I speak English well.
113All right, home.
114What is your name?
99My name is Bill Brown.115My name is Bill Brown.
100I am Bill Brown.116I am Bill Brown.
101I am Bill Brown.117I am Bill Brown.
102I am Bill Brown.118I am Bill Brown.
103I am Bill Brown.119I am Bill Brown.
104I am Bill Brown.120I am Bill Brown.
105I am Bill Brown.121I am Bill Brown.
106I am Bill Brown.122I am Bill Brown.
107I am Bill Brown.123I am Bill Brown.
108I am Bill Brown.124I am Bill Brown.
109And you?125And you?
110What is your name?126What is your name?
n111de neher aar kado rede do nye her nal kado weda do Any squirrel.n127Yanhee.
112On slowly, on slowly, on slowly, on slowly.128Na h reappe.
129Na h reappe.
130Na h reappe.
131Na h reappe.
132Na h reappe.
133Na h reappe.
134Na h reappe.
135Na h.
136On slowly.
137On slowly.
138On slowly.
113On slowly.139On slowly.
114On slowly.140On slowly.
115On slowly.141On slowly.
116Do you want water?142Do you want water?
n117I musta dooly.n143I must do Lee I must do Lee I must do Lee I must do Lee I must do Lee I must do 
 >me I must do me yes I am thirsty for water I'm locked today I'm locked today a m
 >ock today a mark today a mark today a mark today a mark today Here is water.
118I musta dooly.144Thanks.
119I musta dooly.145Wado.
120I musta dooly.146Wado.
121I musta dooly.147Wado.
122I must doodly.148Additional vocabulary repetition.
123I must doodly.
124Yes, I am thirsty for water.
125I'm marked to daggy.
126I'm marked to daggy.
127I'm marked to daggy.
128I'm marked to daggy.
129I'm marked to daggy.
130I'm marked to daggy.
131ah a monk today again here is water ah honey do a mom ah honey do a mom ah honey
> do a mom Additional vocabulary repetition. 
132Repeat after each phrase.149Repeat after each phrase.
133One.150One.
n134Hiya kanai gulosti.n151Hiya kanagolosti.
135Hiya kanai gulosti.152Hiya kanagolosti.
136Hiya kanai gulosti.153Hiya kanagolosti.
137Two.154Two.
n138Hiya yagi.n155Hiya, yagi.
139Hiya yagi.156Hiya, yagi.
157Hiya, yagi.
140Three.158Three.
nn159Hiya, kantoke.
160Hiya, kantoke.
161Hiya, kantoke.
141Four.162Four.
n142Four.n163Hiya, tena.
143Five.164Take two liner.
144Six.165Here, take two liner.
145six question drill listen to the question and then give the answer Model.166Question drill.
167Listen to the question, and then give the answer.
168Model.
146Is this a boy?169Is this a boy?
147Yes, it's a boy.170Yes, it's a boy.
nn171Here, I choose a...
172I choose a...
148One.173One.
nn174One.
149Two.175Two.
n150Three.n
151Yagida Uh, Yagida Three Hiyas Kantoke Kantoke da Kantoke da Four.176Yagida Yagida Three Hiyas kantoke Kantoke da Kantoke da Four.
152Five.177Five.
153Additional question drill.178Additional question drill.
154Model, what is this?179Model, what is this?
155A woman.180A woman.
156One.181One.
157.182.
158Again.183Again.
159.184.
160Again.185Again.
161.186.
162After each question, , give the one word answer which corresponds to the nouns i187After each question, , give the one word answer which corresponds to the nouns i
>n numbers one through six.>n numbers one through six.
163One.188One.
164.189.
165Kadavusti yaa.190Kadavusti yaa.
166Kanagalausti.191Kanagalausti.
167Kanagalausti.192Kanagalausti.
168Two.193Two.
169Kadavusti yaa.194Kadavusti yaa.
170Yagi.195Yagi.
171Yagi.196Yagi.
172Three.197Three.
173Kadavusti yaa.198Kadavusti yaa.
174Kantoki.199Kantoki.
175Kantoki.200Kantoki.
176Four.201Four.
n177.n
178Five.202Five.
n179.n
180Six.203Six.
n181.n
182I'm here.
183Take two Lena.204Take two, Lena.
184Take two Lena.
185Conversation at normal speed.205Conversation at normal speed.
186Do not repeat.206Do not repeat.
187Listen for comprehension only.207Listen for comprehension only.
n188.n208Siu.
189.209Oh, Siu.
190.210You want to ask your own needs?
191.211Oh, I want to ask my own needs.
212How do I do it?
213You can ask Bill Brown.
214How do I do it?
215Oh, slowly.
216How much do I do?
217Oh, how much do I do?
218Oh, how much do I do?
219What do I do?
192Listen once again.220Listen once again.
193End of lesson two.221End of lesson two.
n194Conversational Cherokee, lesson three.n222Conversational Cherokee Lesson 3 Dialogue with Mary and Charles Hello, Charles.
195Dialogue with Mary and Charles.
196Hello, Charles.223See you, Charles.
224See you, Charles.
225See you, Charles.
226See you, Charles.
227See you, Charles.
228See you, Charles.
197Hello, John.229Hello, John.
198Hello, Mary.230Hello, Mary.
n199Hello, Mary.n231See you, Mary.
200CO Mail.232See you, Mary.
201CO Mail.233See you, Mary.
202CO Mail.234See you, Mary.
235See you, Mary.
236See you, Mary.
237See you, Mary.
203What are you doing?238What are you doing?
204I'm working.239I'm working.
n205Doggy left stony.n
206Doggy left stony.
207Doggy left stony.
208Doggy left stony.
209What are you building?240What are you building?
210Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi Jath241Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi Jath
>aga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi Give me >aga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi Jathaga Unniyasthi Give me 
>a hammer.>a hammer.
211Ganai velocity has consumed.242Ganai velocity has consumed.
212Ganai velocity has consumed.243Ganai velocity has consumed.
213Ganai velocity has consumed.244Ganai velocity has consumed.
214Ganai velocity has consumed.245Ganai velocity has consumed.
215Ganai velocity has consumed.246Ganai velocity has consumed.
216Do you want any nails?247Do you want any nails?
n217Yes, I want nails.n248B Club Yes, I want nails.
218Here are a hammer and nails.249B Club uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh Here are a hammer and nails.
219I have not done anything wrong.250I'm gonna go lost yeah no I'm gonna go lost yeah no I'm gonna go lost yeah no I'
 >m gonna go lost yeah no I'm gonna go lost yeah no I'm gonna go lost yeah no Than
 >ks.
220I have not done anything wrong.251Vata.
221Thanks.252Vata.
222Thanks.253Vata.
223What don't?254Vata.
224What don't?255Vata.
225What don't?256Vata.
226What don't?257Vata.
227What don't?
228What don't?
229What don't?
230What don't?
231What don't?
232End of the dialogue.258End of the dialogue.
233Additional vocabulary drill.259Additional vocabulary drill.
234One.260One.
235Bill is working.261Bill is working.
nn262Will do language learning.
263Will do language learning.
264Two.
236Bill is speaking.265Bill is speaking.
n237Bill is speaking.n266Will go on it.
238Bill is speaking.267Will go on it.
239Bill is building a house.268Three, Bill is building a house.
240We got so the honest game We got so the honest game For bill is thinking we are 269Four, Bill is thinking.
>downtown We are downtown Five. 
241Bill is helping.270Five, Bill is helping.
242Six.
243Bill is sleeping.271Six, Bill is sleeping.
244We'll go to sleep.272We'll go to sleep.
245We'll go to sleep.273We'll go to sleep.
nn274Question Drill.
246Question Drill You will hear the question, What is Bill doing?275You will hear the question, What is Bill doing?
247six times.276six times.
t248Give a one -word answer using the verb found in the corresponding numbers of thet277Give a one-word answer using the verb found in the corresponding numbers of the 
> additional vocabulary drill.>additional vocabulary drill.
249One.278One.
250What's your name, Will?279What's your name, Will?
251Too long, Mr. Donner.280Too long, Mr. Donner.
252Too long, Mr. Donner.281Too long, Mr. Donner.
253Two.282Two.
254What's your name, Will?283What's your name, Will?
255Go on me.284Go on me.
256Go on me.285Go on me.
257Three.286Three.
258Go on me.287Go on me.
259Go on me.288Go on me.
260Go on me.289Go on me.
261Go on me.290Go on me.
262Go on me.291Go on me.
263Go on me.292Go on me.
264Go on me.293Go on me.
265Go on me.294Go on me.
266Go on me.295Go on me.
267Go on me.296Go on me.
268Go on me.297Go on me.
269Go on me.298Go on me.
270Go on me.299Go on me.
271Five.300Five.
272Six.301Six.
273Ten.302Ten.
274Twelve.303Twelve.
275Thirteen.304Thirteen.
276Fourteen.305Fourteen.
277Fifteen.306Fifteen.
278Dialogue at normal speed.307Dialogue at normal speed.
279Do not repeat.308Do not repeat.
280Listen for comprehension only.309Listen for comprehension only.
281End of lesson three.310End of lesson three.
282Thank you.311Thank you.
283Thank you.312Thank you.
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+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/nj963cm2696_em_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/nj963cm2696_em_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f730a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/nj963cm2696_em_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,2069 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:07.720 --> 00:26.360 +《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯 + +00:26.360 --> 00:38.780 +》《天之涯》《天之涯》向各位祝贺伟大校庆一百周年感到非常非常荣幸北京大学的学生们对于 + +00:38.780 --> 00:52.400 +考试的时间和教育的时间和这方面的问题我们将一起协助并且将更深入地理解美国大学的学生们 + +00:52.400 --> 01:10.040 +也有兴趣和兴趣在北京大学的100周年祝福我希望我们这个学校能够在下一个世纪仍然继续 + +01:10.040 --> 01:13.980 +我们这个一百年或一千年的传统 + +01:25.280 --> 01:26.880 +我爱你 + +01:41.640 --> 01:47.440 +亲爱的电视机前的观众朋友们各位光临现场的北京大学的校友们大家好 + +01:51.420 --> 01:59.720 +我是李勇非常地高兴也是非常地荣幸今天能够在这里在我们中央电视台的演播大厅和大家共同来 + +01:59.720 --> 02:07.700 +制作这一期百年一遇的北大校友联谊会那首先呢我来介绍一下这位呢是我们北京大学最年轻的博 + +02:07.700 --> 02:19.900 +士生导师之一的教授严纯华先生大家好那这位甜美少女啊是我们北大法律系95级的本科生孙红 + +02:19.900 --> 02:29.600 +霞同学大家好大家好那今天这个联谊会呢就由我们三个人呢来为大家共同主持百年一遇对今天的 + +02:29.600 --> 02:40.180 +北大来说的确名副其实这个日子与我们每一个北大校友息息相通因为我们每个北大人都有一段难 + +02:40.180 --> 02:52.060 +以忘怀的生命历程与北大百年历史中的某个片段相重合我相信此时此刻我们每一位北大校友都会 + +02:52.060 --> 03:05.620 +因此而快乐而自豪是不是啊校友们作为学生我也非常庆幸能在这个时候遇上北大的百年滑蛋并将 + +03:05.620 --> 03:14.980 +同他一起步入新的世纪在这里请允许我代表所有的北大学生向海内外所有的北大校友们向我们的 + +03:14.980 --> 03:24.300 +师哥师姐们问声好让我们一起一起向北京大学我们共有的精神家园道一声生日快乐 + +03:28.000 --> 03:36.260 +今天非常荣幸的是还有一些我们北京大学过去的老学长 老学友也光临到了我们的现场欢迎他们 + +03:36.260 --> 03:49.460 +的到来原人大常委会副委员长北大校友雷杰琼女士人大常委会副委员长北大校友彭佩芸女士全国 + +03:49.460 --> 04:01.140 +政协副主席北大校友罗豪才先生东方学家北大校友纪献林先生北大校长中科院院士陈嘉尔教授北 + +04:01.140 --> 04:11.820 +大党委书记任燕生教授北大党委副书记赵存生教授人民教育出版社编审北大校友张中情先生 + +04:31.200 --> 04:46.320 +快走啊要上课了不忙不忙教授还没到呢至少要晚十分钟还是快走吧密苏托王李等等等等我呀你们 + +04:46.320 --> 04:57.000 +要去听谁的课呀古侯明先生的英国文学那怪老头的课呀听听很有意思的哦这个尊孔派呀我可不去 + +04:57.000 --> 05:06.900 +凑那份热闹还不如去听钱玄同先生的文字学那多较劲啊那我们道不同学相应大路朝天各走一边各 + +05:06.900 --> 05:17.260 +听各的课去你这么一说我可偏要去听了怎么了我倒要听听他到底荒谬到什么程度好啊 小批判家 + +05:17.260 --> 05:29.280 +那咱们就走吧走吧你怎么还慢吞吞的呀不着急呀对不起几位先生的课比人不感兴趣我还是去炮图 + +05:29.280 --> 05:34.200 +书馆吧最近来了一批新书正在那读呢那随你便不理他 + +05:43.220 --> 05:44.220 +万山荒郊 + +05:55.080 --> 05:56.920 +主君 + +06:03.120 --> 06:25.640 +与今日之讲英语诗实乃夕阳之十嫂夜西洋之诗一同言律一如唐宋之诗词因而逐君欲学西洋之诗必 + +06:25.640 --> 06:42.080 +有文言诸位文言所传之道乃是孔孟痴人的礼仪教而西洋语言宣扬的是德赛尔先生这才是救国的良 + +06:42.080 --> 06:54.260 +方当今世界生机勃发早就已经没有文言的立足之地了文言自秦汉起就已经与口语分开了不易普及 + +06:54.260 --> 07:10.640 +如果继续使用势必影响文学的发展文化的进步乃至民族的强大而今有小辈欲将文言以试经理语代 + +07:10.640 --> 07:26.300 +之粗俗不堪 笔漏浅薄中国国民素质之低正在于文字的难懂西洋语言横横排版从左至右这也符合 + +07:26.300 --> 07:38.640 +人的生理习惯我国的古书却是竖排不易阅读应当彻底废弃祖宗执法偏废道学西洋未开化之术真是 + +07:38.640 --> 07:53.720 +本末倒置满口祖宗道统有什么新意还不如去听听钱先生别忙 再听听吧不听了 不听了文言早 + +07:53.720 --> 08:04.360 +已经是江化的死的语言怎能再用它来创作活文学而汉字字形复杂更难为人所认识所以最后我们必 + +08:04.360 --> 08:09.440 +定要改方块字为拼音才能使中国文化得以发展 + +08:13.760 --> 08:27.020 +以字母代替汉字简直荒谬至极那我们岂不都成洋人了诸君总而言之言而统之文言不当废道统不可 + +08:27.020 --> 08:36.180 +变下课文言当废白话当兴乃是历史发展之必然下课 + +08:53.700 --> 08:59.560 +你不是我的敌人恕子 不足以谋二位 且慢 + +09:03.180 --> 09:18.160 +蔡校长蔡校长蔡校长蔡校长蔡校长蔡校长我想大学之为大也在于囊括大典恍若重家对新旧各派兼 + +09:18.160 --> 09:34.840 +容并包有利于学术研究的发展和学生的独立思考正如中庸所云万物并育而不相害道并行而不相背 + +09:34.840 --> 09:35.120 +吗 + +09:41.920 --> 09:49.400 +非常荣幸呢能够在母校的百年滑蛋之际扮演我们敬爱的老校长蔡元培先生而今天呢我们北大的现 + +09:49.400 --> 09:53.660 +任校长陈嘉尔先生也来到了观众席上我们请陈校长说几句话好不好 + +09:59.320 --> 10:12.700 +我觉得我们的蔡校长提出来啊学术自由 金融并包是为了引进科学民主改革进步真正的一个核心 + +10:12.700 --> 10:22.320 +是为了振兴中华为了我们国家的繁荣富强所以我们一定要要继承我们北大的这样的传统为振兴中 + +10:22.320 --> 10:27.140 +华做出我们北京大学北大人的应有的贡献谢谢大家 + +10:33.760 --> 10:44.320 +我常常被许多白发苍苍的老教授那纯净的眼神平和的微笑所打动他们淡泊名利无怨无悔地坚守在 + +10:44.320 --> 11:00.560 +北大这个精神家园里今天在这里请允许我代表所有的同学们向您道一声老师辛苦了黎明 黎明 + +11:00.760 --> 11:16.940 +黎明 黎 + +11:16.940 --> 11:24.700 +明 + +11:56.840 --> 12:06.940 +一年三岸 + +12:11.240 --> 12:16.340 +林教授您在北大教书已经这么久了感受最深的是什么 + +12:19.100 --> 12:29.680 +我觉得这几十年在北大教书感觉感受最深的就觉得是比较辛苦在北大这个一个学术空气非常浓厚 + +12:29.680 --> 12:39.680 +的一个学校里面你教书啊如果不辛苦啊不拿出的百倍努力啊是不行的不论是在国内国外还是在国 + +12:39.680 --> 12:48.300 +内各地遇到自己的过去教过的学生有的我的名字都不记得了但是他们看到我以后总是很热情很亲 + +12:48.300 --> 12:54.720 +切的这给我很伤心我很受感动那我觉得我几十年的这一年的辛苦还是值得的 + +13:22.980 --> 13:37.460 +将来不但是全国最好的学校要全世界最好的学府这是我的期望希望北京大学第一保留真正的教学 + +13:37.460 --> 13:51.480 +自由的精神第二要研究中国本身传统的最好的学问也要研究全世界从古以来的最好的学问这一点 + +13:51.480 --> 14:02.160 +精神北大本来有现在还要保存还要发扬下去希望北大能够形成一个文科的中心不只是全国而且全 + +14:02.160 --> 14:11.400 +世界的一个文科的中心这个英文是百年孝庆所以是百寿图祝母校生日快乐 + +14:21.740 --> 14:44.360 +无声无息的你你曾经问我的那些问题如今再没人问起分给我眼抽的胸底分给我快乐的往昔你总是 + +14:44.360 --> 14:51.000 +猜不对我手里的硬币摇摇头说这太神秘 + +14:53.240 --> 15:12.940 +你来的信写得越来越科技关于爱情你只字不提你说你现在有很多的朋友却再也不为那些事忧愁你 + +15:12.940 --> 15:27.740 +问我几时能一起回去看看我们的宿舍 我们的过去你刻在墙上的字依然清晰从内事忘记 就没有 + +15:27.740 --> 15:29.680 +人能杂去 + +15:47.480 --> 16:05.960 +你说每当你回头看夕阳红每当你又听到晚钟从前的点点滴滴会涌起在你来不及难过的心里睡在我 + +16:05.960 --> 16:27.860 +伤骨的胸底睡在我寂寞的回忆你曾经问我的那些问题不仅在没人问起那些问题不仅在没人问起 + +16:41.400 --> 16:50.340 +站在我身边的这两位尊敬的学长们就是地质学系五二届的赵鹏大校友和崔盛勤校友那么赵老师我 + +16:50.340 --> 17:02.740 +能问一下在您学生时代给您印象很深的让您至今还难以忘怀的同窗好友是谁吗当然记得因为我们 + +17:02.740 --> 17:11.820 +那个时候每个班的学生很少弟子系是北大理学院最大的一个系也不过才六十几个人不过我想更 + +17:11.820 --> 17:22.920 +重要的是因为我们是在中华民族发生大转折的伟大历史时期走进北大校园我想最难忘的是这么两 + +17:22.920 --> 17:32.500 +件事情一个是迎接解放一个是开国大典这两件事情我们作为北大地质系学生都积极参加了这也 + +17:32.500 --> 17:41.940 +就是为什么我们这一届的同学在相聚的时候就有一种格外的亲切和特殊的这么一种激情我想在座 + +17:41.940 --> 17:49.200 +的可能也有和我们一样同一个班的校友坐在一起也有他们最难忘的时刻吧有吗 + +17:52.780 --> 18:03.220 +刚才赵老师讲的呢他们是在一个北大新旧社会交替的时候入学的那么我们作为小平同志主持恢复 + +18:03.220 --> 18:11.220 +高考以后的第一批大学生那么我们十分争执我们到北大学习的机会当时在北大的时候我觉得就是 + +18:11.220 --> 18:22.760 +那种学习的氛围非常的浓郁我们班的有同学甚至外号就叫拼命门会主任然后每天他们早晨踏着晨 + +18:22.760 --> 18:31.780 +雾去卫明湖畔读外语然后晚上宿舍都熄了灯之后他们还在路灯的下面去看书学习当时我的感触 + +18:31.780 --> 18:44.060 +非常的深我觉得我一定要北大好好地学习我们当时可以说是带着巨大的这个使命感和自豪感进入 + +18:44.060 --> 18:58.720 +北大学习的可以说历史给我们创造了机会我们又用自己的行动这张图表里面有一个 + +18:58.720 --> 19:04.040 +很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是 + +19:04.040 --> 19:08.600 +这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有 + +19:08.600 --> 19:09.900 +一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事 + +19:09.900 --> 19:14.440 +就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面 + +19:14.440 --> 19:21.220 +有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故 + +19:21.220 --> 19:34.900 +事排球赛全校的同学几乎全部都关注着这场电视转播我记得我们都是在一块看着电视是吧经过艰 + +19:34.900 --> 19:45.320 +苦的熬战我们中国队终于胜利了冲出了亚洲同学们非常激动激动的心情可以说是无以言表于是就 + +19:45.320 --> 19:56.880 +在校园里狂欢游行 喊口号大家先喊是中国队万岁然后又喊中国万岁后来有个同学建议他说我们 + +19:56.880 --> 20:07.800 +换个口号喊团结起来为中华的崛起而奋斗我当时说这个口号好挺好太长了不好喊我们就喊团结起 + +20:07.800 --> 20:17.100 +来振兴中华吧大家说都一直同意于是就喊了起来没想到这个口号不进而走没过几天吧就传遍了全 + +20:17.100 --> 20:18.980 +中国而且一直传到了今天 + +20:29.460 --> 20:36.680 +好 团结起来振兴中华这是一个多么令人振奋的口号啊虽然小二十年过去了但是现在听起来呢 + +20:36.680 --> 20:43.980 +还是那么的熟悉今天的中国已经发生了很大的变化我觉得呢今天这已经不是一个简单的口号了它 + +20:43.980 --> 20:54.100 +应该是时代的声音民族的新生我身边这几位呢就是从海外学成归来的北大的校友们欢迎你们到来 + +20:54.100 --> 21:04.440 +在这里我想问你们同样一个问题就是你们为什么要回国我想还是离不开北京和北大这里有我的家 + +21:04.440 --> 21:15.660 +人有我的老师我的同仁和学生也有我的事业北大已经完全融在了我的血液里谢谢回到自己的祖国 + +21:15.660 --> 21:25.020 +回到自己的家是不需要什么理由的19年前我也跟刚才那个小师弟一样我15岁踏进了北大所以 + +21:25.020 --> 21:34.980 +我想是北大培育了我那么我在国外学成回到北大回到祖国是理所当然的了虽然我在德国待了很长 + +21:34.980 --> 21:40.640 +时间但我从来没想过我不回来回国对我来说是很自然的事情 + +21:44.040 --> 21:51.220 +我觉得这个国家需要我我也需要这个国家这么多年我走了很多地方但是我还觉得这里更像个家 + +21:54.120 --> 22:00.980 +国家的变化那么快发展那么快那么我认为如果是说自己的事业有所发展那么最好的选择就是回来 + +22:00.980 --> 22:02.220 +所以我回到了北大母校 + +22:05.400 --> 22:10.860 +因为为什么回国有一个根本的原因就是离不开这片国土对我个人来说还有一个很重要的原因就是 + +22:10.860 --> 22:21.020 +离不开自己的母校 北大好 谢谢你们看来学生回国也是有传染性的虽然我不是北大人但是今天 + +22:21.020 --> 22:28.780 +在这里我和你们能够欢聚一堂感到由衷地高兴我也由衷地为北大也为你们而感到自豪 + +22:33.780 --> 22:43.060 +同是北大人林毅夫先生是在台湾读完的大学1979年他回到了北京在北京大学读完三年书后又 + +22:43.060 --> 22:51.380 +去了美国1992年他应母校之邀又回到了北京和几位从海外学成归来的学友共同创建了中国经 + +22:51.380 --> 23:02.080 +济研究中心今天林先生也来到了现场你好 林先生那么我想问问您您回祖国最初是基于怎么样的 + +23:02.080 --> 23:13.700 +一个考虑呢我想是中国重新富强起来是所有北大学生的共同愿望那祖国的重新截取只有在改革开 + +23:13.700 --> 23:22.740 +放以后这一二十年才不是一個遙不可及的夢所以我覺得呢作為我們這一代的北大學生是最幸運的 + +23:24.020 --> 23:33.600 +因為 這一代北大學生所共同追求的目標有可能在我們這一代人的努力下實現因此 我珍惜這個 + +23:33.600 --> 23:38.220 +為祖國的文化建設 經濟建設做點事的機會 + +23:45.820 --> 23:53.860 +提起祖国呢我想每一个人的脑海中的概念恐怕不是一样的它有时候呢像一首美妙的歌曲有的时候 + +23:53.860 --> 24:03.200 +呢祖国像一位慈祥的母亲有的时候呢就是活生生的鲜红的五星红旗那么最近呢这个唐师曾啊写了 + +24:03.200 --> 24:10.060 +一本书书面上呢是他抖开他那个摄影背心啊上面有个巨大的五星红旗唐师曾啊说到这儿呢你 + +24:10.060 --> 24:23.200 +是不是对国旗有一个更多的更深的理解国旗关键时刻是救我命的所以我这儿写国旗因为中东有 + +24:23.200 --> 24:34.360 +的人不认识我写一个英文新华news agency写一个阿文一看中国新华社之类然后现在 + +24:34.360 --> 24:46.900 +中国老爱一般人老爱说国旗上的鲜血是用烈士鲜血染成的一说到烈士鲜血老想到士兵其实还有农 + +24:46.900 --> 24:53.320 +民 工人还有好多北大毕业的这些我觉得他们也是烈士刚烈之士 + +24:57.460 --> 25:06.280 +完了 最近我写了一本书那书是海湾战争以后的第二本书我写一个献给我母校北大因为如果北大 + +25:06.280 --> 25:08.440 +不教我我青蛙手就不会要我 + +25:12.380 --> 25:20.380 +就是没有北大没有祖国呢这个唐师曾啊也走进不了这个金字塔我走金字塔我还其实那个罗校长罗 + +25:20.380 --> 25:34.040 +校长去开罗做过个大吉普我这里边写大吉普忘了写罗校长了好 谢谢 谢谢谢谢在过去了的海湾 + +25:34.040 --> 25:39.940 +战争的时候呢你深入虎穴啊拍回了很多精彩的报道啊也是你有了一个特殊的经历那么听说你在海 + +25:39.940 --> 25:47.760 +湾地区呢遇到了很多的校友能不能给我们讲一讲那种他乡遇故人的感觉如果我能够比其他外国记 + +25:47.760 --> 25:59.140 +者或者其他同行机会更多一点是因为我在中东许多地方碰见了我的校友比如伊拉克仅举伊拉克为 + +25:59.140 --> 26:06.940 +例先从那边说吧伊拉克五官助理李天天法律系七九级是我师弟 + +26:11.540 --> 26:18.440 +这是曹鹏麟武官陆军少将是巴格达武官曹武官的爸爸是曹景华老先生 + +26:22.260 --> 26:33.200 +这是对我帮助最多的巴格达父母官中国驻巴格达大使郑达勇我听说当时在战场上很多人都往外跑 + +26:33.200 --> 26:42.560 +只有两个人在往里冲一个是唐师曾一个就是你李天天为什么呢怎么说呢有需要是军人的职责要我 + +26:42.560 --> 26:51.380 +往前去好 谢谢您我听说在巴格达的时候有一段非常好听的关于国旗的故事能不能给我们讲一讲 + +26:52.240 --> 27:05.700 +好当时在海湾战争时期当时是比较危急的我们使馆需要保护的我们就在使馆最上层的一个房顶上 + +27:05.700 --> 27:16.460 +画了一面非常大的国旗朝向蓝天这也就是说我们在这一面红旗下来紧张地工作那面国旗有多大的 + +27:16.460 --> 27:26.700 +尺寸呢有五六十准确地说不上大概有五六十左右的平方米的那么一个大国旗那就空中的战机可以 + +27:26.700 --> 27:27.760 +清楚地看到它了 + +27:31.520 --> 27:42.780 +在科威特工作的劳务人员当时除了我国的劳务公司的劳务人员之外还有130多个台湾中华工程 + +27:42.780 --> 27:57.180 +公司的劳务人员他们在撤离的时候先找了台湾的代表台湾的代表说我置身难保你们自求平安吧结 + +27:57.180 --> 28:07.880 +果他们又找了美国的使馆又找了英国的使馆都被拘置门外在没有办法的情况下找到我们的使馆而 + +28:07.880 --> 28:21.820 +我们呢替他们办妥了一切手续然后送给他们一面五星红旗他们就打着这面五星红旗最后平安地返 + +28:21.820 --> 28:29.600 +回了家园他们的感慨感慨地说还是大陆同胞亲呢 + +28:36.280 --> 28:43.680 +爱临鸟 + +28:46.000 --> 28:54.240 +从南天飞过 + +29:01.080 --> 29:09.320 +阿弥陀 + +29:09.320 --> 29:13.840 +佛 + +29:43.440 --> 30:19.900 +我爱你中国我爱你中国我爱你春天蓬勃的阳光我爱你秋日尽头的双光我爱你行从其至我爱你 红 + +30:19.900 --> 30:48.060 +梅丁河我爱你 江山临天中梦想如居自然走过你寻我我爱你 钟楼我爱你中国 + +30:50.140 --> 31:02.260 +我要把最美的歌献给你我的母亲我的祖国 + +31:17.720 --> 31:27.680 +我要妈妈我的儿子给你我的母亲 + +31:28.960 --> 31:32.400 +我的女儿 + +31:52.400 --> 32:03.500 +你留学回来开始不就是在北大当教授对不对对不对一直到八十年代你不是还给北大带学生吗 + +32:05.260 --> 32:16.400 +是不是教外语你前几年还把你的著作不送到北京大学图书馆了吗你跟北京大學有70多年的交情 + +32:16.400 --> 32:32.620 +了是不是對不對對那麼你對北京大學有什麼希望我希望北京大學的教授不要借掛 + +32:35.400 --> 32:52.600 +第二教授實際要有自找要写东西一下要给小生帮忙写这种东西什么都可以观众朋友这里是中央电 + +32:52.600 --> 33:02.280 +视台北京大学建校一百周年校友联谊会欢迎继续收看今天在座的都是北京大学的校友你看有同学 + +33:02.280 --> 33:12.920 +有同宿舍的还有师生那我想这其中肯定还有夫妻肯定有这样的夫妇有请卢晓菲 朱晓明夫妇有请 + +33:19.780 --> 33:27.320 +那今天都是给他的校友你们两个人能不能给大家讲一讲你们当时的这个恋爱经过大家好 + +33:32.320 --> 33:42.320 +我们俩在大学二年级的时候就比较好不过那个时候 + +33:42.320 --> 33:59.680 +并没有向老师和同学们公开我们俩的关系大学毕业的时候正赶上西藏要求见一批大学生我们俩就 + +33:59.680 --> 34:13.060 +报了名在那安了家谈到结婚那也和进藏有关系我们是在毕业之后进藏之前结了婚因为考虑到要去 + +34:13.060 --> 34:20.420 +西藏如果不结婚呢到那儿就不太方便这样我们就在进藏之前结了婚但是这个情况并没有告诉西藏 + +34:20.420 --> 34:27.540 +所以接受单位呢有点措手不及人家以为呢接受了一个大学生没想到来了一对还得临时安排住房 + +34:31.000 --> 34:40.740 +我在西藏待了11年他在西藏待了13年我们给女儿起了一个藏族名字叫朱玛她在拉萨小学读了 + +34:40.740 --> 34:44.580 +一个学期我们的女儿现在也在北大就读 + +34:49.900 --> 34:59.560 +北大从50年代开始就有一批又一批的北大校友义无反顾地走上了支援西藏建设西藏的道路在 + +34:59.560 --> 35:08.680 +不同的年代不同的岗位上为建设西藏发展西藏做出了自己的贡献把自己最宝贵的青春年华献给了 + +35:08.680 --> 35:20.080 +青藏高原现在我们来认识一下他们有请我来向大家介绍一下他们前面的三位是60年代的北大毕 + +35:20.080 --> 35:33.660 +业生这位是最高人民法院的副院长李国光他在西藏生活和工作了24年这位是中国西藏杂志的主 + +35:33.660 --> 35:49.520 +编廖东凡他在西藏也生活和工作了24年这位是中国文联的刘诗意同志他在西藏工作了7年17 + +35:49.520 --> 36:01.700 +年少说了10年这位是北京市文物局的张文生他在西藏工作了6年 + +36:05.540 --> 36:20.020 +这位是团中央书记处的书记胡春华你在西藏工作了15年收到了一份新华通讯社社长郭超仁先生 + +36:20.020 --> 36:29.380 +发来的贺电贺电是这样的在北京大学一百周年校庆之际作为北京大学五十年代后期的毕业生我感 + +36:29.380 --> 36:38.840 +谢母校对我的培养和教育我衷心祝愿母校以崭新的风采迈向21世纪在未来的岁月里取得更大的 + +36:38.840 --> 36:39.300 +辉煌 + +36:42.600 --> 36:50.400 +还有90年代毕业的校友他们从遥远的拉萨带来了向母校和校友们的问候 + +36:59.140 --> 37:06.980 +用一个词来描述信息时代里所发生的变化的话那么不可思议也许是最恰当的中华听众朋友欢迎收 + +37:06.980 --> 37:15.060 +听城市广讲我是主持人李威大家好 我是李威这是我的妻子孙德基北大的老师和同志们你好那么 + +37:15.060 --> 37:21.380 +今天非常高兴能有这样一个机会在美丽的圣城拉萨和我们的亲老小友们我们一起度过我们每一个 + +37:21.380 --> 37:30.020 +北大人一生难忘的日子我们百年孝庆那么从我们走出北大到走上社会吧可以说现在特别是在西藏 + +37:30.020 --> 37:36.300 +这一个特殊地区可以说我们经历的也有不少森林古老的东西全部之类都有但是无论如何请勿相 + +37:36.300 --> 37:44.540 +放心我们每一位在西藏的北大同学我们没有丢北大的脸我们一直在努力他们只能先看一个常数那 + +37:44.540 --> 37:44.700 +就是 + +37:53.260 --> 37:59.660 +这是母校百年华战之际不能亲自到宴宴感受节日的气氛实在是平生一大憾事感谢中央电视台给了 + +37:59.660 --> 38:05.580 +我这样一个机会我再次请向曾经教育过我的各位市长表示衷心的感谢祝大家身体健康扎西德勒 + +38:21.600 --> 38:53.360 +是谁带来远古的火花是谁留下千年的祈赞难道说还有梦魇的梦还是那叫做不能当怀的天 + +38:58.120 --> 39:14.220 +我看见一座座山一座座山川一座座山川 + +39:50.380 --> 39:59.800 +走进北大西校门向南拐在一池和风绿树掩映的池塘南岸有一处叫韶源的地方那就是我们北大的留 + +39:59.800 --> 40:10.100 +学生楼许多年来北大作为享誉世界的名牌大学不仅为中国培养了大批的优秀人才而且也吸引了来 + +40:10.100 --> 40:19.960 +自世界各地的留学生们今天我们的北大校友波兰大使齐焕武先生也带来了对母校的问号从北大 + +40:19.960 --> 40:31.620 +开始就是我的住在生活的开始住在中国生活的开始我在中国已经过了23年我对所有的我可以理 + +40:31.620 --> 40:51.800 +解我对所有的北大的感情是非常深的我来自新加坡我来自加拿大韩国和澳大利亚去找纪念哟你有 + +40:51.800 --> 41:10.220 +黑眼睛我有黄头发安妮琳达阿曼诺夏克鲁奇哟我进了北大我又有一个家哦 忘了义父 我学会 + +41:10.220 --> 41:26.560 +中国王哦 进了少年 我共有一个家哦 改了名字 我学会中国王我叫大山 我叫大洋我叫大山 + +41:26.560 --> 41:41.660 +洋我叫大中 我叫大华我叫大中华我背单词 我背孙子 哥哥又爸爸我唱演唱 我唱京剧 咿咿 + +41:41.660 --> 41:56.900 +又呀呀我穿长袍 我穿马褂 鸡了又他啦我弹琵琶 我吹唢呐 狐狸又哇啦我来自新加坡 我来 + +41:56.900 --> 42:16.820 +自加拿大韩国和澳大利亚直到极黑呀你有黑眼睛我有黄头发安妮琳达阿曼诺塞巴鲁基亚进了北大 + +42:16.820 --> 42:36.680 +我又有一个家玩了音符我学会做娃娃进了校园我们共有一个家哦 开了名字我学会中国话小胡同 + +42:36.680 --> 42:51.760 +里找对眼四合院里看年华大样的牛的眼发花带起整脸的嘴发麻尝了麦串糖葫芦喝了喝口大碗茶带 + +42:51.760 --> 43:08.460 +香味醇薄焦子拿起筷子吃烤鸭南疆北调说老家阴阳怪气喊大妈分手来去面见见面问声吃了吗少原 + +43:08.460 --> 43:41.660 +上 少原岛一滴水滋润着天下的花上元上 上元到天下的泉水 照管着他进了北京 我又有一个 + +43:41.660 --> 43:57.940 +家混了一度 我学会中国话我进了校园 我能有一个家我改了名字 我学会怎么忘 + +44:08.560 --> 44:16.940 +前两天在北大的时候呢有一位许多年前在北大读过书的校友告诉我这样一件事曾经有一个很长一 + +44:16.940 --> 44:25.220 +段时间他在每天清晨都可以看到朱光潜先生在卫明湖畔跑步当时朱先生已经过了冒跌之年了而且 + +44:25.220 --> 44:35.840 +身体非常的瘦小最让这位校友终身难忘的是朱先生跑步的姿势由于非常的年迈了朱先生与其说是 + +44:35.840 --> 44:46.480 +在跑步还不如说是在一步一步地挪动他的身体总是在向往前探着双手张开两只眼睛炯炯有神地望 + +44:46.480 --> 44:57.180 +着前方由此我们想到北大的精神对北大人来说北大的精神不仅是一种响亮的口号或是一种深邃的 + +44:57.180 --> 45:08.060 +思想也是一种平时的人生和豁达的气质也是同学间永远好学的精神是老教授脸上那智慧的笑容也 + +45:08.060 --> 45:17.600 +正向朱光潜先生努力向前的身影我想那一切才是我们北京大学有血有肉的精神家园 + +45:41.380 --> 45:52.140 +一世人间 现真相熟悉而我心不变 终何寻 + +45:54.320 --> 46:09.120 +一世长年 两万千年中文字幕志愿 + +46:09.120 --> 46:14.840 +者 李宗盛 + +47:06.780 --> 47:40.040 +洪楼飞雪一世迎接先知曾书写爱过尽不命中可选一世长平一世草原兩端間諜黃鴿從今為世世山下 + +47:40.040 --> 47:56.580 +大海百年歸我們來自江南帥隊一家人相見我們朝向山上見到 + +48:13.460 --> 48:24.740 +中文字幕志愿者 杨 + +48:24.740 --> 48:26.540 +栋梁 + +48:45.300 --> 48:56.220 +中文字幕志愿者 李宗盛 + +49:40.140 --> 49:50.140 +这所我国历史上最早诞生的大学开创了我国教育史上的诸多底一北京大学创办于1898年最早 + +49:50.140 --> 49:58.180 +叫京师大学堂1902年10月14号京师大学堂举行了建校以来的第一次招生考试当时的考试 + +49:58.180 --> 50:07.700 +科目有史论 地理 政治 教设算学 理化 国文 共七门考生成绩评定采用百分之每科60分 + +50:07.700 --> 50:16.220 +为及格这也是中国高等院校规定以60分为及格计算学生成绩的开始1904年 京师大学堂选 + +50:16.220 --> 50:24.280 +出47名学生出国留学其中31人到日本 16人到欧洲这是京师大学堂派出的第一批留学生 + +50:24.780 --> 50:32.380 +1905年4月24号京师大学堂举行了第一届运动会这也是中国近代高等学校举行的第一次运 + +50:32.380 --> 50:40.940 +动会1907年京师大学堂试学馆和师范馆招收的第一批学生毕业3月13号在大学堂举行了隆 + +50:40.940 --> 50:49.920 +重的毕业典礼这也是我国教育史上第一次举行学生毕业典礼1920年2月王岚 西真 扎小元 + +50:49.920 --> 50:58.520 +三位女青年经校长蔡元培同意进入北京大学成为旁听生7月正式招收包括三名女青年在内的九名 + +50:58.520 --> 51:07.960 +本科女生这是中国高等院校最早的男女生同校以后中国各高等院校也开始男女生同校这是中央台 + +51:07.960 --> 51:19.580 +报道的日前香港青年社团联盟组织400名香港论坛在北京中国大饭店降下了帷幕来自世界著名 + +51:19.580 --> 51:26.560 +学府的100多位校长们我们在会上探讨了21世纪人类高等教育的发展趋势首先请看我们的记 + +51:26.560 --> 51:35.680 +者发自大会现场的报道世界著名大学校长论坛5月2日至3日在中国大饭店举行本次论坛的召开 + +51:35.680 --> 51:43.780 +得到了国内外高等教育界的热烈反应出席会议的是一批与北京大学有着广泛合作关系的世界著名 + +51:43.780 --> 51:51.120 +学府的校长来自包括英国牛津大学 美国斯坦福 伯克利 日本东京大学等60余所大学此外 + +51:51.120 --> 51:58.120 +20多所国内的著名大学校长以及一些高等教育问题专家也参加了会议5月2日上午论坛举行了 + +51:58.120 --> 52:03.200 +隆重的开幕式国务院副总理李燃清到会并发表了热情洋溢的讲话 + +52:21.360 --> 52:24.940 +对各位的光临表示欢迎 + +52:29.120 --> 52:42.220 +并且预着这次论坛会议取得圆满成功李兰清副总理在讲话中肯定了北京大学为开拓知识的疆域促 + +52:42.220 --> 52:50.720 +进中国学术与社会的进步做出的重要贡献他还指出高等教育的发展核心是学术和人才此后他又重 + +52:50.720 --> 52:53.180 +申了中国政府在教育问题上的观点 + +53:20.100 --> 53:34.200 +中国的高等教育在2014期一定会在中国的发展中发挥应有的很更大的作用开幕之后在会议短 + +53:34.200 --> 53:42.140 +暂的休息时间里记者发现此次会议的确已成为世界高等教育界的交流中心各大学似乎都希望通过 + +53:42.140 --> 53:50.660 +这次机会阐述自己在教育问题上的见解了解其他学校的动向并寻求合作的机遇称之为教育界盛会 + +53:50.660 --> 53:59.360 +毫不过分此外各媒体对会议反应之热烈使主办单位严格控制了记者人数但在休息时间的每一分钟 + +53:59.360 --> 54:08.280 +里各校长都成为了追踪的目标此次会议的通用语言为英语并且完全没有任何翻译这使得这次会议 + +54:08.280 --> 54:16.740 +并不再有浓厚的庆典色彩而更合乎国际学术会议的标准此次大会共同探讨了21世纪人类高等教 + +54:16.740 --> 54:25.920 +育发展的趋势共分为四个主要的议题二十一世纪大学的地位和作用二十一世纪的教学战略二十一 + +54:25.920 --> 54:35.340 +世纪大学与社会的联系二十一世纪大学的管理与财政事务北京大学校长 牛津大学校长斯坦福大 + +54:35.340 --> 54:45.700 +学校长俄国圣彼得堡大学校长等在大会上宣读了论文在一九九七年的牛津大学曾经发生过这样一 + +54:45.700 --> 54:53.860 +件事情一位沙特阿拉伯的富翁为牛津大学捐助了3400万美金却意外地被牛津大学拒绝了这 + +54:53.860 --> 55:01.460 +件事情在世界教育界引起了非常大的争论支持牛津大学这一方的人认为牛津大学保持了学术上的 + +55:01.460 --> 55:09.600 +独立性学校的主要目的是为社会服务而不是挣钱而反对一方的意见认为牛津大学放弃的不仅仅是 + +55:09.600 --> 55:18.400 +3400万美金更重要的是他们放弃了一个超过剑桥成为英国第一的机会今天在世界大学校长的 + +55:18.400 --> 55:30.800 +论坛上学校的资金与管理问题再次成为讨论的焦点我首先觉得牛津大学有一点是对的因为学校是 + +55:30.800 --> 55:42.540 +为社会服务的而不是挣钱的他们坚持这条原则是对的但是如果是在这个原则下面如果能够确保 + +55:42.540 --> 55:57.820 +我們教育跟學術研究的自主性那麼多渠道的來籌措學校辦學的資源是可以理解的也是可以採取的 + +55:57.820 --> 56:08.200 +我知道像美國的哈佛大學它有兩百人的隊伍為學校籌措資金斯坦福大學也是如此所以我覺得特別 + +56:08.200 --> 56:22.780 +在我們國家雖然國家對北京大學這樣的大學給了可以說是重點的支柱 支持但是離開我們的需要 + +56:22.780 --> 56:31.520 +是遠遠不過的特別是要辦成一流的大學這是很花錢的教育是很花錢的事那麼在您的任期之內北大 + +56:31.520 --> 56:38.360 +資源集團是建立起來了而且北大方程的銷售額也在突破猛進而且據消息說您說北大這次辦校慶也 + +56:38.360 --> 56:47.620 +得到了社會各方面財力物力的支持那麼您是不是北大歷史上最能掙錢的一位校長當然北大自己的 + +56:47.620 --> 57:00.680 +財力當時的勢力正在增長但是我相信隨著國家的富強國力的增強我的將來未來的繼承者會比我更 + +57:00.680 --> 57:10.780 +有辦法更有實力您的意思是您是空前了但是沒有絕後这个话怎么讲因为我们的经济确实是发展得 + +57:10.780 --> 57:25.540 +很快现在要跟十年前比那增加得多了您的大学里是否也面临财政问题呢是的 非常多的问题现在 + +57:25.540 --> 57:33.380 +世界上没有一个大学不面临财政问题一方面我们尽力说服我们自己我们需要更多的钱我们总是 + +57:33.380 --> 57:43.680 +需要更多的钱来支持我们的学生这当然也是事实在所有国家里更多的钱来自私人所以我们既吸收 + +57:43.680 --> 57:53.340 +来自政府的钱也吸收个人捐助的资金看起来许多的研究机构需要钱当然我也希望高等教育变得更 + +57:53.340 --> 57:54.040 +强大一些 + +58:09.460 --> 58:21.360 +我希望的金錢是高級教育的是從政府那裡來的還是從私人那裡來的錢更多一些呢從斯坦福大學的 + +58:21.360 --> 58:30.220 +情況來看是從私人那裡來的更多一些從政府來的錢對於我們來說只是夠做研究用的這大約是40 + +58:30.220 --> 58:34.140 +%左右其余的钱就来自私人的捐助 + +58:46.480 --> 58:58.560 +我们也拒绝了不少的募款的赚款因为他们要影响我们的独立住宿权我们宁愿不要这个钱但是要保 + +58:58.560 --> 59:07.700 +持我们自己的学校的独立的性格这个我想在美国也很普通的但是有许多事情并不是那么所谓黑板 + +59:07.700 --> 59:18.420 +分明有很多这个很细节所以要非常之小心维持一方面一定要在财政方面要开源但另外一方面要维 + +59:18.420 --> 59:26.900 +持一个学校固有的这个独立的性格所以很多新的问题产生那么您觉得学校开源最好的办法是什么 + +59:26.900 --> 59:37.940 +我想开源不外乎好几个一个是跟社会要结洽得很好比如说在美国的话或者西方国家有过人的赚款 + +59:38.500 --> 59:49.420 +是一个很大宗的然后公司行号跟学校的合作的赚款然后还有政府各个不同的机构但最主要的还 + +59:49.420 --> 01:00:02.560 +是我今天讲的不是钱的问题而是要把学校的它的作用 它的想法 它的前瞻性把它跟校外的人能 + +01:00:02.560 --> 01:00:14.880 +够沟通这样的话自然而然比如我有许多时候去不是为了赚钱但是跟很多富有的公司行号或者过人 + +01:00:14.880 --> 01:00:24.880 +谈到我们学校的发展情况他们都是慷慨截然几百万美金就给的我想所以最主要的问题还是一个理 + +01:00:24.880 --> 01:00:32.940 +念的问题我们最主要的就是一方面要去开拓裁员就是多做点产业学合作当然我们也希望社会各界 + +01:00:32.940 --> 01:00:41.520 +能够多给我们点资助因为我们是企业办的大学所以我们很有这个企业的精神那您觉得大学作为 + +01:00:41.520 --> 01:00:48.740 +一个企业的话它社会服务或者赚钱哪一个更重要呢其实我想当然是最主要是社会服务不过社会服 + +01:00:48.740 --> 01:00:56.240 +务的话也需要有资源所以这两个其实相辅相成那您所说的大学的资源您觉得最重要的是什么呢最 + +01:00:56.240 --> 01:01:03.880 +重要当然是人力资源我们需要有最好的教授最好的职业统人还有最好的学生有消息说北京大学将 + +01:01:03.880 --> 01:01:13.040 +在近日合并北京医科大学和北京航空大学这意味着这所综合大学的实力将变得更为强劲而在论坛 + +01:01:13.040 --> 01:01:20.500 +上另一个重要的议题就是大学的定位问题许多专家认为不是所有的大学应该办得大而全更重要 + +01:01:20.500 --> 01:01:29.820 +的是办成一流的大学那么假如你说是不是将来会变成一个大而全的缺少了一些比如说法律啊医学 + +01:01:29.820 --> 01:01:39.220 +这些是不是将来不会是非常非常全面的那答案是会的但是我们虽然不搞医学院不搞法律学院不搞 + +01:01:39.220 --> 01:01:49.800 +建筑学院但是我们在我们的边缘都是跟一些专攻这些方向的研究型大学是合作非常紧密比如说 + +01:01:49.800 --> 01:01:59.500 +我们跟北大就会合作非常紧密那么我们就不需要在某些方面跟北大竞争了而是互补了您是否认为 + +01:01:59.500 --> 01:02:02.520 +校际间的合作在新的世纪里会显得非常重要呢 + +01:02:05.920 --> 01:02:14.780 +非常重要比如从1996年我们就开始了和北京大学的合作我们和当时的校长陈嘉尔签订了合作 + +01:02:14.780 --> 01:02:15.200 +的协议 + +01:02:20.480 --> 01:02:32.660 +您认为和北大的合作是否成功呢是的我们有一个非常好的开端我们的合作几乎没有什么困难我们 + +01:02:32.660 --> 01:02:37.100 +可以利用现代通讯技术相互交换科学研究方面的信息 + +01:02:40.120 --> 01:02:51.820 +您觉得研究工作和教学工作哪个对于大学来说更重要一些呢我觉得你很难把这两者分割开来像宾 + +01:02:51.820 --> 01:03:00.960 +夕法尼亚州州里大学或者北京大学我们都在培养非常好的学生我们就需要有很好很新的知识而这 + +01:03:00.960 --> 01:03:04.640 +只能建立在现代化的科学研究的基础之上 + +01:03:14.460 --> 01:03:19.180 +有人说英特网有一天会取代大学教育您对此持什么看法呢 + +01:03:23.960 --> 01:03:32.740 +我想英特奈特可以做一部分的事情但不能取代大学做的任何事情我想Internet的主要作 + +01:03:32.740 --> 01:03:41.440 +用就是传播和交换信息但是大学做了更多的工作不仅仅是传播和交换信息大学创造了知识 更新 + +01:03:41.440 --> 01:03:42.020 +了知识 + +01:03:50.040 --> 01:03:57.180 +今天在各大学校长演讲中最频繁出现的一个词语就是Challenge 挑战许多报告中指出 + +01:03:57.180 --> 01:04:04.020 +如果高等教育不顺应时代的发展进行某种变革或者调整的话那么高等教育将面临的不仅仅是挑战 + +01:04:04.020 --> 01:04:12.140 +而是问题与威胁许多与会者认为这次大会的成功举办将对中国乃至世界21世纪高等教育的发展 + +01:04:12.140 --> 01:04:20.400 +带来深远的影响中国报道记者张全林在会议现场报道观众朋友上百名著名学府的校长们会集北京 + +01:04:20.400 --> 01:04:27.240 +引起了国内外传媒乃至中国政府世界教育界的高度重视此次活动的规模之大北大层次之高在中国 + +01:04:27.240 --> 01:04:35.500 +教育史上上书首次4月29日国家主席江泽民在北大逗游长达近三个小时用他自己的话来说他是 + +01:04:35.500 --> 01:04:43.440 +去为北大校庆增添气氛的明天他还将出席在人民大会堂举行的北大百年校庆的庆典并发布重要的 + +01:04:43.440 --> 01:04:51.860 +讲话这一切使得北大的校庆不再是北大或者是教育界的一件盛事而成为中国科教新国战略的一种 + +01:04:51.860 --> 01:04:58.040 +表白好 今天的节目就到这里结束了欢迎明天继续收看我们对北大消情的报道 + +01:05:41.120 --> 01:05:50.000 +4月10号刚刚组建的新一届中国男兰来到山海关某部队开始了为期十天的军训生活14名队员 + +01:05:50.000 --> 01:05:57.280 +被分成两个班有两名部队教官担任班长负责训练工作新兵武营头一课是对联训练 + +01:06:00.760 --> 01:06:09.400 +为什么我们要反复地练不断地练就是为了从对联训练中培养我们一种严肃尽力勇敢万象的作风良 + +01:06:09.400 --> 01:06:16.600 +好的追星姿态和气质希望大家理解对联训练的目的这样思想认识好了我们对联训练才能达到效果 + +01:06:21.540 --> 01:06:32.660 +不要快这些人高马大的队员穿的是定做的特大好迷彩服但是脚上的鞋却无法统一装备任人一眼就 + +01:06:32.660 --> 01:06:39.140 +看出这不是正规军一二三四一二一一一 + +01:06:44.720 --> 01:06:46.740 +开开开开 + +01:06:49.500 --> 01:06:57.180 +看到国手打军体拳时笨手笨脚的样子也许会怀疑他们在球场上是怎么做出那些令人眼花缭乱的高 + +01:06:57.180 --> 01:06:57.880 +难动作的 + +01:07:32.320 --> 01:07:41.120 +上午的训练内容完成之后班长要对大家的表现做一番小节加强纪律性革命无不胜唱歌也是加强纪 + +01:07:41.120 --> 01:07:42.580 +律性的一种有效的方式 + +01:07:46.740 --> 01:08:01.040 +我们唱一首这段讲演唱的音乐郭定英的连队预备唱郭定英的连队郭定英的兵郭定英的思想红彤彤 + +01:08:01.040 --> 01:08:21.140 +郭定英的子弹张着眼郭定英的刺刀血染红冲击像狂风剑手向铁掌撑国民的年轻英雄多国民的战士 + +01:08:21.140 --> 01:08:26.640 +洋洋红今天上午的训练就到这个地方加油 + +01:08:34.180 --> 01:08:41.100 +来到军营后中国南岚的队员们先后学会了十首部队革命歌曲 + +01:08:48.920 --> 01:08:57.480 +部队的歌曲呢我教了一部分二班长也教了一部分我们互相的我们轮流地教他们对经过的时候比较 + +01:08:57.480 --> 01:09:07.240 +感兴趣第一天兴趣挺高但是实际教的时候特别激动一唱起来呢就感动就唱不出来了声音比较小 + +01:09:07.240 --> 01:09:19.320 +没有气我是一个兵坐我是一个兵凡是参加过军训的人都会对开饭前的歌音比赛记忆深刻唱得越响 + +01:09:19.320 --> 01:09:24.320 +开饭就越早因此这时候的歌声往往是一天中最嘹亮的 + +01:09:42.460 --> 01:09:50.240 +中国男男在居英里享受的唯一特殊待遇是在饭桌上每人每天15元的伙食标准是他们在部队招待 + +01:09:50.240 --> 01:09:59.740 +所吃的颇为丰盛但是与平时训练局运动员造相比油水显然不够在吃过军营的第一顿饭之后队员们 + +01:09:59.740 --> 01:10:03.960 +就把小麦布仅有的两箱而且还是过期的蜂蜜面全都买走了 + +01:10:09.860 --> 01:10:17.700 +军营里的业余生活是单调的14个人同住的一间大屋子里打发时间的方式却只有两种看电视和玩 + +01:10:17.700 --> 01:10:18.120 +游戏机 + +01:10:27.020 --> 01:10:33.300 +来军营已经整整五天了大伙都盼望着有机会能够走出去呼吸一下军营外的空气 + +01:10:46.360 --> 01:10:54.480 +30公里拉链对中国南岚的小伙子们来说是一次严峻的考验平时在球场上连续跑两三个小时同家 + +01:10:54.480 --> 01:10:59.840 +常便饭但是现在让他们走上一天大伙普遍感到体力透支 + +01:11:04.700 --> 01:11:16.040 +感觉怎么样啊弟感觉总的来说还行为什么要总的来说还行当然走了十多公里肯定还是比较疲劳 + +01:11:16.440 --> 01:11:25.700 +但是这种走法还是第一次觉得比较新鲜也是考验一下自己像这种困难挑战一下 + +01:11:30.320 --> 01:11:36.400 +尽管每个人都疲惫不堪但是只能咬牙坚持阿迪江的右脚摸出了血泡 + +01:11:45.720 --> 01:11:55.080 +枪对男人来说总是拥有不可抗拒的诱惑力没有摸过枪的战士更算不上是一名真正的军人有弹架卡 + +01:11:55.080 --> 01:12:02.740 +绳这个东西叫弹架卡绳它往前面勾住然后下放往后一带下来卸的时候有点分解的时候利用这个右 + +01:12:02.740 --> 01:12:07.700 +手的肉后部分顶住这个卡绳然后向前一推它就掉了 + +01:12:12.360 --> 01:12:19.280 +别看这些队员估计都是国内篮坛响当当的人物可以拿起枪来简直就像一群顽皮的孩子 + +01:12:39.120 --> 01:12:46.680 +实弹射击这一天也许是队员们在整个军训期间最快乐最投入的时刻了没有过枪营等于白来军营一 + +01:12:46.680 --> 01:12:50.880 +趟可像姚明这么个打法简直是在浪费子弹 + +01:13:00.720 --> 01:13:10.800 +哪个是我打的三个八两个八一个两个八一个这儿打坏的吧没有看指导怎么样打完的打完的他要几 + +01:13:10.800 --> 01:13:24.820 +环啊二号九环三号零环四号七十七环六号零环作为体育项目来讲呢它是这个要求能够达到一个极 + +01:13:24.820 --> 01:13:35.200 +限在极限当中你去努力去完成这个项目那在这个军训当中就不一样了所以考验一个人的精神一个 + +01:13:35.200 --> 01:13:42.600 +人的这个意志没有一致品质做基础你也成不了一个优秀运动员所以跟这个部队的这个要求是符合 + +01:13:42.600 --> 01:13:47.660 +的那以后还想军训吗想期待下一次军训是不是对 + +01:14:07.240 --> 01:14:09.800 +请别着装惊我 + +01:14:23.820 --> 01:14:35.420 +北大是一部书北大是一幅历史的长卷北大是一首文明的史诗1898年在戊戌变法的血与火中中 + +01:14:35.420 --> 01:14:45.780 +成立的北京大学标志着中国现代高等教育的开端是中国新文化运动的中心是五四运动的发祥地是 + +01:14:45.780 --> 01:14:56.500 +传播民主科学思想和马克思主义的最初基地北大是一部书这本书浓缩了中华民族百年的求索百 + +01:14:56.500 --> 01:15:06.720 +年的抗争百年的奋进今日北大继承悠久传统融会时代精神星光灿烂只是瞩目 + +01:15:15.740 --> 01:15:29.220 +這是一塊神奇的土地多少人魂牽夢繞多少人意望作為中國最高學府的北京大學現在位於北京西郊 + +01:15:29.220 --> 01:15:42.180 +的海淀區這裡曾是清代的皇家園林历史的人文景观与今日的人才汇翠凝聚成永恒的精神魅力鲁迅 + +01:15:42.180 --> 01:15:53.400 +先生概括北大的校格的时候说北大是常为心的今日的北京大学经过不断创新与发展逐渐确立了它 + +01:15:53.400 --> 01:16:04.340 +在中国教育界和学术界的崇高地位并且以一流的教学质量杰出的学术成就和深沉的文化底蕴飞升 + +01:16:04.340 --> 01:16:20.860 +中外科学 民主 爱国 进步一种光荣而博大的传统在这里生根发芽勤奋 严谨 求实 创新一 + +01:16:20.860 --> 01:16:25.520 +种开放而鲜活的氛围在这里绵延不绝 + +01:16:29.740 --> 01:16:42.160 +北京大学拥有着全国最强的师资力量作为吸引人才的家园和培养人才的摇篮这里名师云集 群星 + +01:16:42.160 --> 01:16:56.540 +璀璨形成了北京大学一种特有的风博深邃的智学品格和学术精神在目前的三千多名教师和科研人 + +01:16:56.540 --> 01:17:11.720 +员中有教授866人副教授801人中国科学院院士中国工程院院士29人博士生导师530人 + +01:17:12.980 --> 01:17:26.060 +教授和博士生导师人数均居全国高校首位成为全国高等院校中学科水平顶尖教育质量优秀国家重 + +01:17:26.060 --> 01:17:33.760 +点学科最多中国科学院院士居冠国际联系最为广泛的一所大学 + +01:17:36.820 --> 01:17:48.620 +许多国际著名的政治家社会活动家诺贝尔奖获得者等各界知名人士都是今日北大的名誉博士或者 + +01:17:48.620 --> 01:18:04.220 +名誉教授在北大百年辉煌的记录中一代又一代学问风波人品崇高的老师培养了一代又一代好学深 + +01:18:04.220 --> 01:18:20.920 +思全面发展的学子白发的先生和黑发的学子共同创造出了一项又一项高水平的科研成果百年来北 + +01:18:20.920 --> 01:18:35.300 +大培养出十几万学子其中许多人都成为卓有建树的专家学者领导干部这些优秀的人才为祖国的发 + +01:18:35.300 --> 01:18:49.600 +展与进步居功尽瘁 呕心沥血在北大学习或者工作过的师生当中成为中国科学院和中国工程院院 + +01:18:49.600 --> 01:19:04.000 +士的就有近四百人从中国科学院学部委员到国务院学位委员会委员以及学科评议组成员包括国家 + +01:19:04.000 --> 01:19:17.200 +级有突出贡献的中青年专家和许多合作教授与兼职教授使今日北大成为一座比大海还宽广比天空 + +01:19:17.200 --> 01:19:19.820 +还深邃的思想宝库 + +01:19:28.080 --> 01:19:43.280 +今日北大即人文科学社会科学自然科学工程技术科学管理科学教育科学等多种学科为一身目前 + +01:19:43.280 --> 01:19:55.660 +已经拥有8个学院另外还有22个系87个本科生专业148个硕士生专业101个博士生专业 + +01:19:55.660 --> 01:20:10.240 +总计学生23900多人今日北大秉承蔡元培校长兼容并包思想自由的办学原则吸纳各科学领域 + +01:20:10.240 --> 01:20:23.400 +的发展成绩为一流人才的成长提供了广阔的空间今日北大既真实传统又放眼未来面对瞬息万变的 + +01:20:23.400 --> 01:20:34.640 +现代社会今日北大积极推进教学改革对现在开设的一千九百多门本科生课程和一千九百多门研究 + +01:20:34.640 --> 01:20:46.500 +生课程总计3800多门课程进行了梳理规范与合并并且有步骤地重点扶持一批机干课程 素质 + +01:20:46.500 --> 01:21:01.660 +课程和精品课程以淡化专业分流培养为方针努力探索人才培养模式和途径本科生可以同时攻读主 + +01:21:01.660 --> 01:21:14.500 +修和辅修两个专业开办文科和理科综合试验班对优秀学生实施通才教育等等都是今日北大教育教 + +01:21:14.500 --> 01:21:28.020 +学改革的重要尝试特别是邓小平理论课的开设受到学生们的好评今日北大正在逐步建立一个面向 + +01:21:28.020 --> 01:21:34.060 +21世纪的学科体系将展示出一个全新的教育格局 + +01:21:40.020 --> 01:21:48.540 +欲穷千里目更上一层楼穷心壮志的北大人准备再创下个世纪的辉煌 + +01:21:51.280 --> 01:22:04.700 +从教学规模到教学环境今日北大都呈现出一种日新月异的态势一种朝气蓬勃的景象良好的教学设 + +01:22:04.700 --> 01:22:15.440 +施和先进的仪器设备作为现代化的教学条件成为今日北大教学环境又一个最显著的方面北京大学 + +01:22:15.440 --> 01:22:28.080 +211工程首批建设36个项目其中学科建设21项基础教学建设13项从数学科学中心实验室 + +01:22:28.080 --> 01:22:40.500 +到现代化工实验室从多媒体制作实验室到文科计算机教学实验室和理科危机实验室从电教语言教 + +01:22:40.500 --> 01:22:53.980 +室到视觉与听觉实验室从物理到化学从地理摇杆信息到环境污染与控制从生命科学与生物工程到 + +01:22:53.980 --> 01:23:06.100 +核物理与核技术突出优势与重点学科优化与合理配置资源充分体现出国家把北京大学列为重中之 + +01:23:06.100 --> 01:23:17.500 +重 优先支持的宏伟构想通过这良好的教学环境和先进的教学条件可以看出国家创建世界一流大 + +01:23:17.500 --> 01:23:28.960 +学实施科教新国的战略眼光从一定的意义上说它也代表了当前中国教育环境和教育条件的最高水 + +01:23:28.960 --> 01:23:29.260 +准 + +01:23:45.920 --> 01:24:01.660 +漫步渊源新与旧中国与西方历史与未来自然与人文奇迹般的水乳交融交融成一首悠扬的乐章交融 + +01:24:01.660 --> 01:24:18.160 +成一幅绚丽的画卷交融成一篇婉转的诗歌美国友人艾德加斯诺说过这是世界上最美的校园小小的 + +01:24:18.160 --> 01:24:31.200 +卫明湖被北大师生当作海洋绕湖一周飞檐抖角尽入眼底小桥流水目不暇击燕园风景是所有北大人 + +01:24:31.200 --> 01:24:45.180 +心灵深处永不褪色的一张老照片北大刚一成立的时候呢它就是就取代以前的进士制度就取代以前 + +01:24:45.180 --> 01:24:58.280 +的科举制度所以那时候有人就管北大叫做近视官我原来是燕京大学但是我的老师之一引导我走上 + +01:24:58.280 --> 01:25:07.480 +现在道路的是北京大学毕业的北大是我一生理想的所在从很小的时候就希望能够长大以后到北大 + +01:25:07.480 --> 01:25:19.120 +读书我觉得这样一所学校确实是一个学习的理想之地北大的一个卫面湖的灵气确实应用了一代的 + +01:25:19.120 --> 01:25:30.200 +学者和培养了一代的学子当时北大的传统就是说是最好的老师教基础课是我一年级三门主课就是 + +01:25:30.200 --> 01:25:43.660 +当时的一级教授江振寒先生到北大以后看到北大许多有名的教授他们学诗声音深渊他们博学多才 + +01:25:44.240 --> 01:25:59.580 +他们的求学的精神给我也很大的影响不大的尊光你去识别虽然简单但是不大的教师教科都是非常 + +01:25:59.580 --> 01:26:09.860 +认真的可以说是北京大学把我推向了世界舞台的因为我现在从事的是国际关系的教学和研究我们 + +01:26:09.860 --> 01:26:19.100 +这一百多年里头我们文史这各个系产生了一大批著名的学者或者是我们今天讲的大师吧我这一生 + +01:26:19.100 --> 01:26:32.640 +啊在北大我是四六年来的到现在是五十二年超过半个世纪他们的工作手法他们的教育那个逆境的 + +01:26:32.640 --> 01:26:43.960 +态度他们对这个科研逆境的这种政气啊那种刻苦择念啊那种中文啊这个不大的校风非常好北京大 + +01:26:43.960 --> 01:26:56.320 +学的学术气氛很浓而且不仅仅是浓北京大学的学术气氛是很自由虽然我是毕业在吉林大学但北大 + +01:26:56.320 --> 01:27:05.620 +待了43年自己感觉也是北大人是这块土地上很多上热情的手帮着我迈出了成长过程中非常关键 + +01:27:05.620 --> 01:27:18.020 +的一步我去这深深地感觉到北京大学作为一所百年的老校确实有着它非常深厚的文化和科学的底 + +01:27:18.020 --> 01:27:27.240 +蕴当然北大也有压力这压力就来自于它是一个地中的很优秀的学者在这所以每天都不敢放松自己 + +01:27:27.240 --> 01:27:41.420 +总觉得每天都觉得一种压力我毕业的那一年正是北京大学庆祝50周年我毕业了就留校工作到 + +01:27:41.420 --> 01:27:52.720 +现在呢就要庆祝一百周年了北大所学习成长战斗几乎可以这么说一生将会成长 + +01:27:56.700 --> 01:28:05.040 +有乐家深的了解也会有乐家深的感情唯一的一个愿望就是怎么样北京大学扮成世界一路的一所社 + +01:28:05.040 --> 01:28:15.020 +会主义大学能够为实现中国科教新国的战略能够做出更大的贡献北大百年孝兴之际一座雄伟古朴 + +01:28:15.020 --> 01:28:27.860 +的现代化多功能新图书馆又拔地而起迁就图书馆浑然一体新文化运动的倡导者胡适说过大学之大 + +01:28:27.860 --> 01:28:30.780 +一个重要标准是必须 + +01:28:35.660 --> 01:28:49.200 +我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我 + +01:28:49.200 --> 01:28:57.200 +可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出 + +01:29:19.260 --> 01:29:29.960 +请不吝点赞 订阅 转发 打赏 + +01:29:29.960 --> 01:29:46.800 +支持明镜与点点栏目在这座图书馆里年轻的学子们与不同时空的大师们精神沟通 心灵撞击中华 + +01:29:46.800 --> 01:29:54.500 +文明的精华 世界文明的精华如百川归大海在这里汹涌澎湃 + +01:30:03.700 --> 01:30:16.340 +北京大学的地质博物馆又是一个一彩分成的世界采自全国各个省市自治区的岩石以及世界一些地 + +01:30:16.340 --> 01:30:30.660 +区的标本仿佛都在献身说法叙述着宇宙的形成和地球科学的发展几十年的辛勤积累两千多件展品 + +01:30:30.660 --> 01:30:43.460 +的丰厚管存使这里成为地质教学与科研的重要设施而且也成为国际学术交流的重要场所几代北大 + +01:30:43.460 --> 01:30:52.420 +学者风里来雨里去的身影在这里定格几代帝制人的汗水在这里结晶 + +01:31:01.380 --> 01:31:14.520 +帝制博物馆珍藏了自然界的鬼斧神工考古与艺术博物馆都展示了中国艺术的博大精深北京大学赛 + +01:31:14.520 --> 01:31:25.860 +克勒考古与艺术博物馆的藏品主要是中国旧石器时代至明清时期的历代文物以及中国考古学教学 + +01:31:25.860 --> 01:31:40.700 +和研究标本它是全国高校中最大的考古及文物馆具有良好的教学条件和优越的学术环境博物馆与 + +01:31:40.700 --> 01:31:50.200 +西欧 俄罗斯 日本 韩国 印度等多次进行国际交流与世界考古教学和考古科研接轨 + +01:32:07.940 --> 01:32:20.960 +祖风流人物 环探今朝今日北大有着自己新一代生机勃勃的学子除了书山有路 琴为镜学海无涯 + +01:32:21.080 --> 01:32:32.920 +苦作周的求学生活北大学生还拥有丰富多彩的课余生活北大校园的社团活动充满了盎然生机和青 + +01:32:32.920 --> 01:32:44.320 +春的活力精彩分成的学术讲座充满智慧的演讲比赛百花齐放的文化节竞争激烈的体育竞技形成了 + +01:32:44.320 --> 01:32:57.140 +独特的校园文化现有的八十个学生社团无论在数量上还是在质量上都走在了高校前列校园文化的 + +01:32:57.140 --> 01:33:06.660 +活跃发展不仅使学生从中获取了知识和技能而且在这个第二课堂中陶冶了勤操 磨练了意志 增 + +01:33:06.660 --> 01:33:18.640 +长了才干同时也体现了北大多学科环境给学生带来的积极影响鲜明的个性 特殊的才华在北大都 + +01:33:18.640 --> 01:33:21.080 +能得到淋漓尽致的发挥 + +01:33:25.060 --> 01:33:36.840 +今日北大是开放的北大北大的留学生数量居全国高校之首来自五大洲四大洋的洋学生们无论是金 + +01:33:36.840 --> 01:33:49.740 +发碧眼的还是黑皮肤卷头发的全都深爱上了这座校园留学生当中既有本科生又有进修生既有硕士 + +01:33:49.740 --> 01:33:59.900 +生又有博士生和研究学者从文科专业扩展到理科专业对于促进中外文化交流相互了解有着重要的 + +01:33:59.900 --> 01:34:09.720 +意义从文史哲到数理化甚至一道包饺子都在外国留学生的学习课程中体现了今日北大的特色 + +01:34:15.140 --> 01:34:26.980 +今日北大的另一优势就是重点实验室的建设水平和整体规模目前全校总共拥有各类实验室116 + +01:34:26.980 --> 01:34:40.860 +个这其中国家重点实验室和重点学科专业实验室共16个列有国家级工程研究中心两个这使今日 + +01:34:40.860 --> 01:34:52.660 +北大不仅成为中国重要的教育中心同时也使它成为中国重要的科学研究基地坚持理论与实践相结 + +01:34:52.660 --> 01:35:04.380 +合坚持为经济建设中心服务在继续保持基础学科传统优势的同时着重发展应用研究特别是高科技 + +01:35:04.380 --> 01:35:12.160 +研究方面科研成果层出不穷许多方面都已经达到甚至超过国际先进水平 + +01:35:22.180 --> 01:35:34.600 +今日北大在文理科研究方面都做出了重大贡献一本接一本的学术专注功课难关 填补空白从国家 + +01:35:34.600 --> 01:35:44.860 +科技进步奖到世界各种国际奖不仅写入了今日北大的史册也载入了人类科学与文明的史册 + +01:35:49.640 --> 01:35:59.380 +科技是第一生产力科研成果转换成生产力在北大已经蔚然成分今日北大在校办高科技产业方面 + +01:35:59.380 --> 01:36:10.380 +已经形成了以学校雄厚的基础研究和硬研究为源头的产学研相结合的高科技产业格局不仅为北大 + +01:36:10.380 --> 01:36:16.640 +做出了重要贡献也为中国高科技产业的振兴走出了一条成功之路 + +01:36:21.200 --> 01:36:32.840 +与国际著名大学建立学术交流关系把高水平的外籍专家学者请进来有效地促进教学科研和学科的 + +01:36:32.840 --> 01:36:43.600 +发展这是今日北大又一种开放式风范今从1996年到1997年北大就聘请来自19个国家和 + +01:36:43.600 --> 01:36:55.640 +地区的外国专家299人1997年北大主办协办的国际会议就达17次初期会议的境外学者6 + +01:36:55.640 --> 01:36:59.820 +34人在国内外引起了广泛影响 + +01:37:02.640 --> 01:37:15.640 +今日北大是一所开放型的大学它隶俗中国放眼世界扎根历史 眺望未来北大已经与遍布全球的 + +01:37:15.640 --> 01:37:26.920 +140多所著名大学建立了校级关系进行了卓有成效的教学与科研的合作互相促进 互相补充 + +01:37:27.040 --> 01:37:42.420 +互相学习双方都取得了长足的进步北大走向世界 世界关注北大北大是一部书从昨天翻到今天还 + +01:37:42.420 --> 01:37:54.220 +将从今天翻到明天每一页都记录下了北大人的光荣每一页都记录下了北大人的骄傲每一行字里都 + +01:37:54.220 --> 01:38:00.020 +隐藏着动人的故事每一行字里都蕴含着美好的理想 + +01:38:05.760 --> 01:38:19.880 +北大属于中国北大属于世界古老而年轻的北京大学在它未来漫长的岁月里必将为人类的文明做出 + +01:38:19.880 --> 01:38:22.280 +更加辉煌的共存 + +01:38:46.980 --> 01:39:03.400 +北京大学北京大学是中国人最优秀的大学我们的大学是中国人最优秀的大学北京大学是中国人最 + +01:39:03.400 --> 01:39:16.120 +优秀的大学我们的大学是中国人最优秀的大学我们在北京大学不仅想向北京优秀但也想要提供 + +01:39:16.120 --> 01:39:34.400 +我们期待北京和麦吉尔在下来的年代进行更严谨的合作北京大学在这一年纪念100周年在它们 + +01:39:34.400 --> 01:39:47.320 +的分别历史上北京大学也是一个独立的在中国的社会和政治进步中是一个非常重要的动力在中国 + +01:39:47.320 --> 01:39:56.500 +的社会和政治进步中北京大学成为了中国最高学府的中心学位在今年創立110年它是一个非常 + +01:39:56.500 --> 01:40:10.340 +重要的成果这是北京大学的优秀在这一年来它成为了高中的目标 + +01:40:12.640 --> 01:40:26.760 +北京大学有深厚的中华文化传统办学一百年使固有的文化发扬光大它是一个地方在哪里有传统的 + +01:40:26.760 --> 01:40:35.160 +中华文化和现代的中国是更加密切的在这一百年您的学校在世界上受到最高的关注是世界各地的 + +01:40:35.160 --> 01:40:43.120 +教育者和其他领导人所提供的对于北京大学的100周年庆祝我们非常重要地将这次的机会展示 + +01:40:43.120 --> 01:40:55.380 +在我们两个大学之间以继续建立更强烈的关系我们将更深入地与北京大学的关系并且将更深入地 + +01:40:55.380 --> 01:40:58.480 +与 + +01:40:58.480 --> 01:41:20.760 +北京大学的关系两大学都会成为一个进步的基础我们希望 + +01:41:20.760 --> 01:41:35.080 +这次的一年这次的交易会继续发展北京大学的学生和学生会有长久的生活在此时,我希望表达 + +01:41:35.080 --> 01:41:44.900 +我的信心和真实希望,在这一百年之内,我们将不但领导北京大学的影响,也将领导我们的心。 + +01:41:45.380 --> 01:41:57.140 +我祝你一切顺利,以你未来的工作进行在下一个世纪。至于未来的事,重要的是不只是预测,而 + +01:41:57.140 --> 01:42:15.220 +是让它成功。进驻北京大学学术精进校运昌隆我希望 + +01:42:15.220 --> 01:42:25.140 +能够恭喜所有在北京大学和北京大学 + +01:42:25.140 --> 01:42:39.660 +的同志自己繼續發揮帶頭作用從事科教新國的大業北京大學也為了一個大國的服務就像在印度它 + +01:42:39.660 --> 01:42:49.560 +也成為了一種國際發展的源頭我們在印度在4月4日在這重要的一天上來敬你北京大學的期待在 + +01:42:49.560 --> 01:42:54.520 +這個世紀中我會在這裡乾杯乾杯 + +01:43:51.240 --> 01:43:54.120 +字幕志愿者 杨栋梁 + +01:44:23.100 --> 01:44:24.440 +字幕志愿者 杨栋梁 + +01:44:28.780 --> 01:44:37.240 +江泽民主席代表党中央国务院并以他个人的名义道会祝贺发表讲话中共中央总书记国家主席江泽 + +01:44:37.240 --> 01:44:45.780 +民在讲话中强调指出北大在长期发展和斗争历程中形成的爱国进步民主科学的光荣传统显示的不 + +01:44:45.780 --> 01:44:54.340 +断钻研求实创新向上的优良学风生动的体现了中国人民自强不息开拓进取的民族精神也是北大永 + +01:44:54.340 --> 01:45:03.560 +保生机的重要动力这种优良传统和精神动力要永远发扬光大江泽民说今天是五四青年节五四运动 + +01:45:03.560 --> 01:45:10.900 +的精神最根本的就是中华民族爱国主义精神当代中国的广大青年要继续继承和发扬五四运动的光 + +01:45:10.900 --> 01:45:19.240 +荣传统努力担当起振兴中华的历史使命创造出无愧于时代和人民的业绩江泽民在讲话中向北大同 + +01:45:19.240 --> 01:45:27.360 +学和所有高等院校的大学生向全国各界青年提出了四点希望坚持学习科学文化与加强思想修养的 + +01:45:27.360 --> 01:45:35.780 +统一坚持学习书本知识与投身社会实践的统一坚持实现自身价值与服务祖国人民的统一坚持树立 + +01:45:35.780 --> 01:45:44.380 +远大理想与进行艰苦奋斗的统一他说祖国的未来是无限美好的青年的未来也是无限美好的祖国和 + +01:45:44.380 --> 01:45:52.260 +民族的希望寄托于青年希望广大青年和全国人民一道在党的基本理论和基本路线指引下同心同德 + +01:45:52.260 --> 01:46:01.720 +勇于开拓向着新世纪前进向着现代化的光辉目标前进向着中华民族的伟大复兴前进教育部部长陈 + +01:46:01.720 --> 01:46:09.380 +志力宣读了教育部的贺信联合国秘书长安南也发来贺信他高度赞扬了北京大学对中国的科学文化 + +01:46:09.380 --> 01:46:17.360 +生活所产生的巨大影响大会开始前江泽民等党和国家领导人还会见参加了庆祝大会的80多位海 + +01:46:17.360 --> 01:46:26.160 +外大学校长和著名科学家这是中央台报道的对于许多中国学子来说能考上北京大学是他们一生的 + +01:46:26.160 --> 01:46:33.620 +光荣今天4万多名来自世界各地的北大毕业生代表聚集到他们梦中的母校用各种方式表达他们对 + +01:46:33.620 --> 01:46:40.860 +北大的眷恋之情所以今天的北大可以称得上是群贤必至 少长贤极请看记者所做的新闻特写 + +01:46:42.500 --> 01:46:50.780 +今天的北京风和日丽 春风拂面北京大学校园里到处是一派喜气洋洋的气象卫明湖 武祠运动场 + +01:46:50.940 --> 01:46:57.860 +水塔 古朴典雅的西校门菜园培塑像等标志性景物都使北大校友们倍感亲切和激动 + +01:47:02.520 --> 01:47:10.320 +不少已经年过半百的老校友还回忆起自己当年怀揣北大录取通知书第一次迈进北大校门时的情景 + +01:47:11.020 --> 01:47:20.920 +第一次见到北京大学的话就是就是 嗯 当然非常激动嗯 因为在我们那边好像说一个县城里面 + +01:47:20.920 --> 01:47:28.160 +也没有一个县里面也没有一个考上北京大学的校友们面对自己上过课的教室读过书的图书馆锻炼 + +01:47:28.160 --> 01:47:36.440 +身体的操场当年的学习生活似乎历历在目给我印象最深刻的 排队到图书馆抢位子有时候那个 + +01:47:36.480 --> 01:47:47.720 +赶紧的有时候那个位子抢不上就拿那个书包在外面排队当年我们都是18岁的小孩子到这来之后 + +01:47:47.720 --> 01:47:57.280 +抱着对北大的渴求最高学府都想好好学可是我们刚一做实验的时候就背手背脚的老师还批评我们 + +01:47:57.280 --> 01:48:07.300 +北大台湾校友会平均年龄近70岁许多人是带病专程来参加百年校庆的自己也感觉到很想念很想 + +01:48:07.300 --> 01:48:16.560 +念回来但是我们现在有的同学已经腿了腿不能动了有的躺在那里我们来的时候他们就很羡慕我说 + +01:48:16.560 --> 01:48:24.940 +你们可以去了北大的一切都值得每一个北大人怀念而最不能让所有北大人忘怀的是北京大学爱国 + +01:48:24.940 --> 01:48:34.860 +进步民主科学的传统以及自由浓厚的学术风气还有勤奋严谨求实创新的校训北大年届九十的著名 + +01:48:34.860 --> 01:48:43.060 +哲学家张代年和著名语言学家纪宪林已经伴随北大走过半个多世纪的风雨历程随北大这几十年来 + +01:48:43.060 --> 01:48:57.240 +有一个特点就是常常是开风气之先能够开风气这根本就是在追求真理研究学问方面能够提出新的 + +01:48:57.240 --> 01:49:07.960 +观点新的见解来我们无论研究学术无论干什么最后目的是振兴中华张阳是北大年龄最小的大学生 + +01:49:07.960 --> 01:49:16.140 +今年还未满14岁从一进校我就深深地感受到北大科学民主的优良传统这些都是我们应该学习和 + +01:49:16.140 --> 01:49:16.720 +继承的 + +01:49:19.860 --> 01:49:28.580 +这是中央台报道的最早被称为京师大学堂的北京大学从1898年创办到今天已经整整走过了 + +01:49:28.580 --> 01:49:37.980 +一个世纪的风雨历程现在我们就一起来回顾北大100年北京大学是中国历史最悠久的大学,创 + +01:49:37.980 --> 01:49:45.440 +立于1898年,出名京师大学堂,它是务虚维新运动的产物,也是中国近代第一所由中央政府 + +01:49:45.440 --> 01:49:53.140 +创办的国立综合性大学。1912年5月,京师大学堂改名为北京大学,严复为北京大学首任校 + +01:49:53.140 --> 01:50:00.080 +长。1916年12月,著名的民主主义革命家、教育家和思想家蔡元培,被任命为北京大学校 + +01:50:00.080 --> 01:50:08.220 +长。上任后,他提出《寻思想自由原则,取兼容并包主义的办学方针先后聘请了陈独秀 李大钊 + +01:50:08.320 --> 01:50:16.680 +鲁迅 钱玄同胡适 马寅初 马旭伦 李四光 温文浩 蒋孟林等一大批著名学者和具有革新思 + +01:50:16.680 --> 01:50:24.900 +想的人到北大任教北京大学几乎集中了当时国内所有的一流学者使北大民主思想 科学思想和 + +01:50:24.900 --> 01:50:32.720 +自由研究之风十分浓厚随即成为中国新文化运动的中心是五四爱国运动的发祥地在反帝反封建的 + +01:50:32.720 --> 01:50:40.900 +爱国运动中他始终走在最前列到1919年北大拥有数学 物理 化学 地质中文 英文 经济 + +01:50:40.960 --> 01:50:49.260 +法律等14个系2000多名学生是当时中国规模最大的高等学府同年鲁迅为北大设计了校徽校 + +01:50:49.260 --> 01:50:57.300 +徽体现了北大以人为本的精神1935年北大投身到由共产党领导的129运动中去为推动抗日 + +01:50:57.300 --> 01:51:05.400 +民族统一战线的建立发挥了作用1937年抗日战争爆发北京大学和清华大学南开大学南迁云南 + +01:51:05.400 --> 01:51:14.520 +昆明组成国立西南联合大学坚持教学和科学研究培养出一大批杰出人才抗战胜利后1946年北 + +01:51:14.520 --> 01:51:22.980 +京大学复校胡适任北京大学校长1949年中华人民共和国成立1951年马寅初被任命为新 + +01:51:22.980 --> 01:51:30.740 +中国北京大学第一任校长经过近半个世纪的建设北京大学成为一所拥有自然科学、工程技术科 + +01:51:30.740 --> 01:51:38.000 +学、人文科学、社会科学、管理科学、教育科学、语言科学、医学等多种学科的综合性大学。 + +01:51:38.520 --> 01:51:46.260 +1958年北大成立了中国第一个原子能系,为中国国防科技事业培养了一批骨干人才,特别是 + +01:51:46.260 --> 01:51:54.160 +为中国原子弹氢弹的成功爆破做出了重大贡献。1960年至1965年由北大化学系和中国科 + +01:51:54.160 --> 01:52:01.880 +学院有关研究所合作在世界上第一次人工合成牛乙岛素标志着人类在探索生命奥秘的科学研究中 + +01:52:01.880 --> 01:52:10.720 +跨出了重要一步1974年北京大学又研制成功中国第一台百万次电子计算机80年代北大又研 + +01:52:10.720 --> 01:52:19.020 +制开发出计算机机关汉字编辑排版系统使汉字印刷业告别千与火的历史步入光与电的时代被誉为 + +01:52:19.020 --> 01:52:27.820 +中国印刷业的第二次革命目前北京大学共有8个学院和23个系87个学士专业149个硕士专 + +01:52:27.820 --> 01:52:36.580 +业101个博士专业52个研究所63个研究中心2个国家级工程研究中心11个国家重点实验 + +01:52:36.580 --> 01:52:45.780 +室4个国家重点学科专业实验室有中科院和中国工程院院士30人第三世界科学院院士3人教授 + +01:52:45.780 --> 01:52:54.660 +814人包括博士生导师530人北大的中科院院士 博士生导师 教授的数量均居全国高校首 + +01:52:54.660 --> 01:53:02.360 +位目前北大有在校生2.4万人还有来自世界上70多个国家和地区的外国留学生2000多人 + +01:53:02.740 --> 01:53:10.760 +建校100年以来北京大学共培养毕业生近13万人勤奋 严谨 求实 创新是北京大学的校训 + +01:53:11.300 --> 01:53:19.380 +这是中央台报道的作为北大校庆系列活动之一北京大学星纪念雕塑揭幕仪式今天在北京大学举行 + +01:53:20.660 --> 01:53:29.180 +经国际小天体命名委员会批准由北京天文台研究员北京大学天体物理专业校友陈建生院士领导的 + +01:53:29.180 --> 01:53:37.820 +观测宇宙学课题组发现了一颗小行星被命名为北京大学星以一所大学的名字来命名天体物质这在 + +01:53:37.820 --> 01:53:46.520 +我国天文史上还是第一次为庆祝北京大学建校100周年国家邮政总局今天发行北京大学建校一 + +01:53:46.520 --> 01:53:55.160 +百年纪念邮票一枚这枚纪念邮票以北京大学百年历程中具有代表意义的京师大学堂张城 沙滩红 + +01:53:55.160 --> 01:54:04.140 +楼燕园西校门三组画面为图案生动体现了北京大学诞生崛起和发展壮大的不同历史阶段展现了北 + +01:54:04.140 --> 01:54:12.240 +京大学光荣的革命传统和优良的学术传统为配合这枚纪念邮票的发行国家邮政总局还同时发行了 + +01:54:12.240 --> 01:54:21.680 +成了首日封 纪念封和极限明信片这是中央台报道的另外亚洲最大的大学图书馆北京大学图书馆 + +01:54:21.680 --> 01:54:30.940 +新馆揭幕仪式今天在北京大学举行北京大学图书馆是收藏文献最多的大学图书馆现有藏书445 + +01:54:30.940 --> 01:54:39.680 +万册这次新图书馆的建成使北大图书馆成为亚洲最大的大学图书馆总面积达到5.2万平方米总 + +01:54:39.680 --> 01:54:47.960 +藏书容量超过700万册月览座位5000个新馆造型设计采用了北大燕园固有的民族化建筑风 + +01:54:47.960 --> 01:54:57.420 +格内部采用计算机网络系统光盘数据存储及检索服务系统数字通信和音像设备自动化安全监控等 + +01:54:57.420 --> 01:55:06.040 +先进技术据了解北京大学新图书馆是由香港的李嘉诚先生捐资1000万美元建造的这是中央台 + +01:55:06.040 --> 01:55:06.600 +报道的 + +01:55:12.720 --> 01:55:20.420 +今天是五四青年节为了纪念伟大的五四运动79周年全国各地各集团组织连日来举行了形式多样 + +01:55:20.420 --> 01:55:29.260 +的纪念活动天安门广场人民英雄纪念碑前北京青年继承五四光荣传统做跨世纪四友新人主题团会 + +01:55:29.260 --> 01:55:39.600 +在雄壮的国歌声中拉开帷幕一万名新团员面对鲜红的团旗庄严宣誓在福州 在西宁正值18岁青 + +01:55:39.600 --> 01:55:48.300 +春年华的青年学生也在今天庄严宣誓步入成人行列在山城重庆近万名团员青年在歌乐山烈士陵园 + +01:55:48.300 --> 01:55:57.840 +举行高举伟大旗帜奔向新世纪逝世大会来自广东江西四川重庆等地的81对新婚夫妇则在重庆 + +01:55:57.840 --> 01:56:06.740 +人民广场举行了集体婚礼81对新人还在珊瑚公园种下了一棵棵爱情长青树大连是青少年情绪五 + +01:56:06.740 --> 01:56:15.260 +次青春作伴爱洒绿地文明护律活动在青年节期间再现高潮据了解目前大连市已有30多万名青年 + +01:56:15.260 --> 01:56:24.140 +加入了文明护律行列昨晚数百名外来亲工相聚在广东青年文化广场欣赏了广州乐团为他们献上的 + +01:56:24.140 --> 01:56:32.480 +节日礼物交响音乐会广东省同创文明共享欢乐为主题的服务外来亲工系列文化活动也同时拉开帷 + +01:56:32.480 --> 01:56:42.100 +幕连日来上海 河南 山西 吉林甘肃、陕西、山东、江苏、四川、广西、深圳等地的团组织纷 + +01:56:42.100 --> 01:56:50.140 +纷开展了为下岗职工办实事帮助下岗职工掌握一技之长的系列服务活动香港青年联会 + +01:56:56.660 --> 01:57:05.000 +您好观众朋友欢迎收看中国报道今天也就是5月4号是北京大学100周年校庆日这意味着中国 + +01:57:05.000 --> 01:57:12.900 +现代高等教育有了一百年的历史今天早上国家主席江泽民在人民大会堂北京大学校庆庆典上发表 + +01:57:12.900 --> 01:57:21.840 +了重要讲话首先请看记者的报道今天上午十点北京大学一百周年校庆庆典在人民大会堂举行庆典 + +01:57:21.840 --> 01:57:29.760 +的会场选择在人民大会堂以及江泽民 朱镕基 李鹏 李瑞环等中国最高层领导人的出席使得北 + +01:57:29.760 --> 01:57:38.620 +大的校庆意义再次升级校庆成为真正意义上党和国家的大事可容纳八千人的会场里气氛极为热烈 + +01:57:38.620 --> 01:57:47.900 +北大校长陈嘉尔中国教育部部长陈之力牛津大学校长清华大学校长及北大学生代表分别做了讲话 + +01:57:47.900 --> 01:58:01.340 +联合国秘书长安南向大会发来了贺信衷心祝福与警国同呼吸共命令风雨同行的步校永老青春最后 + +01:58:01.340 --> 01:58:03.380 +江泽民主席发表了重要讲话 + +01:58:30.020 --> 01:58:44.060 +在国教导的科学知识是第一次必须尊重知识 尊重人才江泽民主席在报告中指出全党全社会要高 + +01:58:44.060 --> 01:58:52.300 +度重视知识创新人才开发对经济发展社会进步的重要作用使科教新国真正成为全民族的广泛共识 + +01:58:52.300 --> 01:59:02.000 +和实际行动而在此之前的4月29日江泽民主席还特地来到了北京大学考察近三个小时用他自己 + +01:59:02.000 --> 01:59:09.840 +的话说他虽然会参加今天在人民大会堂举行的庆典但是他还是应该亲自到北大看一看给北大的校 + +01:59:09.840 --> 01:59:18.400 +庆增添一点气氛这三个小时使飞飞续续中的北大沸腾起来北大的此次校庆活动成为北大发展的 + +01:59:18.400 --> 01:59:27.380 +一个重要契机也成为国家再次强调重视教育的一个机会在北大江主席参观了一些教研设施并在热 + +01:59:27.380 --> 01:59:34.620 +烈亲切的气氛中与北大师生代表进行了座谈他还兴致勃勃地来到了学生食堂同正在就餐的学生亲 + +01:59:34.620 --> 01:59:44.000 +切握手交谈声 掌声 笑声 问候声交织在了一起北大的校庆活动提前进入了高潮为了参加这次 + +01:59:44.000 --> 01:59:54.240 +校庆活动许多校友从各地赶来了他们把参加这次校庆活动作为了解北大 了解中国的一个机会5 + +01:59:54.240 --> 02:00:02.960 +月2号凌晨一辆从深圳发来的专列已经到达了北京现在出航空港的是从旧金山飞来的80名校友 + +02:00:02.960 --> 02:00:11.500 +大家想到那么多人千里回来呢因为我们热爱北大我们热爱我们的母校我们认为我们之所以有今天 + +02:00:11.980 --> 02:00:22.080 +也是北大培育的结果据估计今天共有4万校友回到母校校园内总人数超过7万北大周边主要交通 + +02:00:22.080 --> 02:00:29.880 +干线进行了交通管制但是数天以来仍造成了严重的交通堵塞北大四周的宾馆饭店早在数月前便 + +02:00:29.880 --> 02:00:39.040 +已经预定额满校园内一片喜庆气氛各系都组织了校友聚会而在新建的图书馆前留念成了最受人们 + +02:00:39.040 --> 02:00:49.740 +欢迎的活动你今天穿上特别鲜艳的红衣谢谢 因为校庆啊我觉得这个是喜庆洋洋的一些大事情北 + +02:00:49.740 --> 02:01:00.100 +大一百周年我们都非常非常高兴40年没有见面的老同学握在一起的手久久没有分开回到我们 + +02:01:00.100 --> 02:01:08.580 +40年前同学的那种情况了所以感到特别高兴那您今天回到校园里你觉得有什么变化吗变化很大 + +02:01:08.580 --> 02:01:19.180 +我在北大待了20年从50年到73年我感到我经常回北大来我们同学也经常聚会但是北大天天 + +02:01:19.180 --> 02:01:30.720 +都有变化日新月异的变化所以我经常拍活花也是为了反映北大的美北大人的精神许多校友在返校 + +02:01:30.720 --> 02:01:41.160 +时都带来了他们的孩子我想就是让我的孩子体验一下我们下层这种龙号的气氛就是说这种传统这 + +02:01:41.160 --> 02:01:51.820 +一次这个本年小庆这个去隆重的程度我们原来也没有想到没想到会这么隆重这个说明北大还是 + +02:01:51.820 --> 02:02:02.480 +很有前途觉得40年前的学生和现在的学生有什么区别我想还是有区别我想从这个用功这个一样 + +02:02:02.480 --> 02:02:10.080 +的但现在的学生显然比过去的学生更开放思想更活跃眼界更宽阔我想这个跟整个我们国家整个时 + +02:02:10.080 --> 02:02:17.920 +代都是合拍的你觉得再过十年北大会变成什么样我想再过十年北大按照我们的目标来讲当然要变 + +02:02:17.920 --> 02:02:27.540 +成世界的第一流的大学我想我们再过十年以后我们北大的学术水平会进一步的提高跟国际能够相 + +02:02:27.540 --> 02:02:36.260 +比同时我们在世界上可能影响就更大引人注意的是北大这次校庆最主要的组成部分是16个国际 + +02:02:36.260 --> 02:02:44.620 +学术研讨会这意味着北大在新的历史发展时期将更注重培养人才与提高学术水平以达到北大提出 + +02:02:44.620 --> 02:02:52.440 +的在下一世纪成为世界一流大学的目标北京大学已经有了100年的历史从这一点上来说北大是 + +02:02:52.440 --> 02:02:59.820 +古老的但是在采访中我们发现几乎每一位回到燕园的校友都会告诉你北大在发生着巨大的变化从 + +02:02:59.820 --> 02:03:08.540 +这一点来说北大又是长新的事实上北大就像中国教育的一面镜子在悠远古老的中国文明中不断地 + +02:03:08.540 --> 02:03:12.620 +前进发展着中国报道记者张全林在北京大学报道 + +02:03:19.620 --> 02:03:27.440 +观众朋友北京大学校长陈嘉尔是北大第29任校长在他的任期内他迎来了北大的第100个生日 + +02:03:27.440 --> 02:03:36.380 +也将面临世纪之交的高等教育改革这一切将使他成为北大历史上不平凡的一位校长今天他接受了 + +02:03:36.380 --> 02:03:43.860 +我们中国报道记者的专访4月29号的早上江主席到北大进行了近三个小时的参观那么一个非常 + +02:03:43.860 --> 02:03:52.640 +重要的一个国家元首他到北大来进行参观我觉得这还是第一次那么他是不是对北大有所偏爱我想 + +02:03:52.640 --> 02:04:03.000 +江志学之所以到北大来当然一方面他自己讲了他跟同学讲了他说我是来跟大家同庆北大的百周年 + +02:04:03.000 --> 02:04:16.400 +这江志学自己讲的但是我想就不是对北大的偏爱而是体现了江志学对于教育对于人才的高度的重 + +02:04:16.400 --> 02:04:31.820 +视体现了我们国家实施科教新国战略这样一个高章远足的英明的阶层那么这次江主席走进燕园 + +02:04:31.820 --> 02:04:39.480 +包括一些像全世界的校长论坛这样大型的一些活动已经使这次北大的校庆不简单是一个学校的校 + +02:04:39.480 --> 02:04:46.960 +庆这样一个程度了那么我想北大它能有今天历史上这么高的地位我们可能马上就会想起比如说五 + +02:04:46.960 --> 02:04:54.040 +四运动新文化运动那么它始终和国家的命运是紧紧联系在一起的那么现在在一个政治相对稳定经 + +02:04:54.040 --> 02:05:01.040 +济大力发展的一个情况下北大要树立一个什么样的新的形象我记得美国的一个著名教育家叫杜威 + +02:05:01.040 --> 02:05:14.900 +有句话他说如果要比起校长来讲是蔡元飞先生领导的北大要比任何其他一所学校对一个国家的影 + +02:05:14.900 --> 02:05:29.140 +响要大得多所以他当时给了陈建平一个很高的评价那么我想这是江主席对我们北大百中研他有个 + +02:05:29.140 --> 02:05:44.000 +提词他提词的内容就是说要发扬爱国进步科学民主的光荣传统为振兴中华做出更大的贡献这个既 + +02:05:44.000 --> 02:05:56.340 +是对我们北大精神的一个肯定又是对我们提出的一个要求所以现在在一个新的时期改革开放要建 + +02:05:56.340 --> 02:06:07.320 +设一个中国特色的社会主义建设现代化的一个繁荣富强的国家那么我们北京大学更应该本着这样 + +02:06:07.320 --> 02:06:25.880 +的精神来发展我们的高等教育培养高速度的人才在学术上能够有更大的建树我们北京大学把自己 + +02:06:25.880 --> 02:06:39.720 +的目标定为在下一世纪要成为世界的一流大学之一也就是所谓的World Major + +02:06:39.720 --> 02:06:52.220 +University那么如果从这样的要求来衡量的话我觉得我们首先在人才培养基础人才 + +02:06:52.220 --> 02:06:59.620 +方面要下功夫我们过去北京大学培养了一大批 + +02:07:03.340 --> 02:07:12.820 +很有贡献的人像您了解的蒋祖英您刚才提到了蒋祖英我想人们在想起他的时候首先想到的不是他 + +02:07:12.820 --> 02:07:19.020 +在学术上的能力而是他的那种奉献于科学的精神那么您觉得今天的学生在北大校园里仍然能学到 + +02:07:19.020 --> 02:07:31.000 +这些东西吗这样一个奉献的精神始终是北京大学学生所引以为荣的另外从学校来讲,我们感觉到 + +02:07:31.000 --> 02:07:42.360 +更需要把专业的教育跟人文素质的教育,或者叫通识教育,有的人叫liberal + +02:07:42.360 --> 02:07:51.980 +education,把它结合在一起。就是什么意思呢就是不能光有专业的知识专业的知识是 + +02:07:51.980 --> 02:08:09.880 +需要的但是呢还需要有人文的好的素养所以我们学校里边文科的学生要学习自然科学理科的学生 + +02:08:09.880 --> 02:08:22.720 +要学中文要学中国同时我们就希望通过这个办法能够把学生的人才的素养提高那么我们知道在北 + +02:08:22.720 --> 02:08:29.600 +大的历史上出过非常多的名校长比如说颜福 蔡元培这样的校长那么您觉得也许再过一百年人们 + +02:08:29.600 --> 02:08:40.560 +总会怎么来评价您这位校长和您任期内的这一段北大历史我当然是非常敬佩蔡元培校长还有好多 + +02:08:40.560 --> 02:08:53.300 +我的前任包括像马英初校长也好周老爷也好等等我自问自己我的能力很有限我的知识水平也很有 + +02:08:53.300 --> 02:08:53.660 +限 + +02:08:56.320 --> 02:09:09.500 +但是我想你可能知道北京大学是有一次非常优秀的教师队伍我们有世界一类的学生所以把我有限 + +02:09:09.500 --> 02:09:21.160 +的能力跟他们结合在一起这个力量就是不可估量的了为搬成世界一流的大学今午的力量来打好基 + +02:09:21.160 --> 02:09:35.000 +础所以我们首先要按照国家的口交信仰的战略进行教育的改革这个就包括一个是我方才提到的要 + +02:09:35.000 --> 02:09:48.080 +进行使得学生他的整个的人文的素质思想道德科学文化素养要提高另外一方面呢要充分利用北京 + +02:09:48.080 --> 02:10:02.380 +大学学科期权技术理论墙教学研究精密结合跟国际交流比较充分这样的条件能够促进东方西方文 + +02:10:02.380 --> 02:10:14.660 +化的教会出进人文科学跟自然科学的结合创造一个宽松的学术研究的环节观众朋友现在在我们节 + +02:10:14.660 --> 02:10:22.300 +目播出的同时北大校庆的晚会正在宴园内进行北大校园内仍充满了热烈的气氛刚才我们的记者从 + +02:10:22.300 --> 02:10:30.780 +北大打电话回来说许多校友今天将留在校园彻夜长谈而北大办公楼礼堂前已经汇集了一群学生 + +02:10:30.780 --> 02:10:38.140 +因为明天上午四位得过诺贝尔奖的华人科学家将在这里进行演讲而许多想参与的学生们还没有得 + +02:10:38.140 --> 02:10:45.880 +到入场券观众朋友明天我们将对这场演讲会进行报道今天的中国报道节目就到这里结束了感谢您 + +02:10:45.880 --> 02:10:47.720 +的收看明天的同一时间再见 + +02:11:03.160 --> 02:11:11.460 +中国中央电视台国际频道每晚9点30分首播中央电视台第二号节目每晚11点13分重播 + +02:11:33.640 --> 02:11:44.900 +PK学校是中国第一个学校它在14月14日1902年中国国际上学生的联系在1904年学 + +02:11:44.900 --> 02:11:56.300 +校派出了中国的第一班学生来读外国在2月1920年学校也派出了中国女性同学的教育除了这 + +02:11:56.300 --> 02:12:11.360 +些派出的努力学校也作为国家社会进展的在1919年,《美国四周年》是由大学开始的,是 + +02:12:11.360 --> 02:12:20.540 +中国的最早的基础为卫生和科学思想的执行,并且是中国的传统思想。很多影响力的人物,例如 + +02:12:20.540 --> 02:12:27.740 +陈独秀、李大钊和毛泽东,是中国共产党的创始人,还有陆迅, Allein 兼 vary + +02:12:27.740 --> 02:12:34.640 +rather be in + +02:12:34.640 --> 02:12:39.020 +an institution啱啱机jmr有一粉肥三ep Advance + +02:12:42.740 --> 02:13:00.040 +但真是有陵陳仗亮教授說所有學生 特別是教師他們總是把我們的國家的未來當作自己的未來 + +02:13:00.040 --> 02:13:10.840 +這是一個非常重要的心態學校的最大的特色是同樣的重視科學和自由藝術北京大學應該繼續發展 + +02:13:10.840 --> 02:13:21.840 +自由藝術以增加學生的贡献所以说,专家叶朗说,我们现在的社会中,很多社会问题,并不能够 + +02:13:21.840 --> 02:13:30.900 +解决单纯从科技和科技上解决,而是从社会和人文学上解决。在这方面,北京大学的自由艺术学 + +02:13:30.900 --> 02:13:38.520 +贵的传统将有很强大的作用。从历史上讲就是,北京大学从1949年开始训练了超过80, + +02:13:38.740 --> 02:13:48.540 +000名学生,自1949年开始很多学生成为了中国各种发展领域的背景在过去两年学校成立 + +02:13:48.540 --> 02:13:59.660 +了国际和省市层次的1900多个研究项目以它们的荣誉的过去北京大学在中国历史上当国家迎 + +02:13:59.660 --> 02:14:07.460 +接新一年北京大学将会以它的独特的传统价值和新典型的精神 + +02:14:37.020 --> 02:14:46.560 +刘昌颖 CCTV News 北京同学们都参加了这位北京大学学生说民主 进步 民主 和 + +02:14:46.560 --> 02:14:57.760 +科学是两种相似的传统在学校中的传统他说 学生们想表达他们深刻的民主感觉以此式的庆祝本 + +02:14:57.760 --> 02:15:08.820 +周庆祝的准备开始两个月前一群选择学生在北大的学生们被送到台湾国际上级高层以获得专门的 + +02:15:08.820 --> 02:15:20.740 +军事训练北京大学一直被认为是一家国家的传统学校在国家的开放和改革开始时北京大学的学生 + +02:15:20.740 --> 02:15:30.910 +们第一次提出了传统的词《中国要联合,重新重新重新》关成华,北大的中央军事协会副总裁 + +02:15:30.910 --> 02:15:32.430 +universitay youth league at peking + +02:15:32.430 --> 02:15:35.130 +university saidthe special attention has + +02:15:35.130 --> 02:15:38.250 +been paid to the education in patriotismhe + +02:15:38.250 --> 02:15:41.250 +added that in the 90's patriotism has + +02:15:41.250 --> 02:15:44.230 +taken on new meaningand this has made it + +02:15:44.230 --> 02:15:47.230 +necessary to introduce new forms of + +02:15:47.230 --> 02:15:49.930 +educationdifferent from those in the past + +02:15:49.930 --> 02:15:52.870 +the youth league he said hopes the + +02:15:52.870 --> 02:15:55.590 +students will carry onstill further the + +02:15:55.590 --> 02:15:57.810 +patriotic tradition of the university + +02:16:23.930 --> 02:16:36.870 +陈晨 CCTV News是全校大学的最大设计室有超过4500个座位并领导了7万本书新 + +02:16:36.870 --> 02:16:49.470 +的大学是以最高的电子设备和电脑运行为主另外 设计室的管理也使用了多个媒 + +02:16:49.470 --> 02:16:57.790 +体系统 + +02:17:00.350 --> 02:17:11.150 +请不吝点赞 订阅 转 + +02:17:11.150 --> 02:17:11.850 +发 打赏支持明镜与点点栏目 + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/nj963cm2696_em_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/nj963cm2696_em_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..796cdc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/nj963cm2696_em_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,200 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:07.720 --> 00:26.360 +《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯 + +00:26.360 --> 00:38.780 +》《天之涯》《天之涯》向各位祝贺伟大校庆一百周年感到非常非常荣幸北京大学的学生们对于 + +00:38.780 --> 00:52.400 +考试的时间和教育的时间和这方面的问题我们将一起协助并且将更深入地理解美国大学的学生们 + +00:52.400 --> 01:10.040 +也有兴趣和兴趣在北京大学的100周年祝福我希望我们这个学校能够在下一个世纪仍然继续 + +01:10.040 --> 01:13.980 +我们这个一百年或一千年的传统 + +01:25.280 --> 01:26.880 +我爱你 + +01:41.640 --> 01:47.440 +亲爱的电视机前的观众朋友们各位光临现场的北京大学的校友们大家好 + +01:51.420 --> 01:59.720 +我是李勇非常地高兴也是非常地荣幸今天能够在这里在我们中央电视台的演播大厅和大家共同来 + +01:59.720 --> 02:07.700 +制作这一期百年一遇的北大校友联谊会那首先呢我来介绍一下这位呢是我们北京大学最年轻的博 + +02:07.700 --> 02:19.900 +士生导师之一的教授严纯华先生大家好那这位甜美少女啊是我们北大法律系95级的本科生孙红 + +02:19.900 --> 02:29.600 +霞同学大家好大家好那今天这个联谊会呢就由我们三个人呢来为大家共同主持百年一遇对今天的 + +02:29.600 --> 02:40.180 +北大来说的确名副其实这个日子与我们每一个北大校友息息相通因为我们每个北大人都有一段难 + +02:40.180 --> 02:52.060 +以忘怀的生命历程与北大百年历史中的某个片段相重合我相信此时此刻我们每一位北大校友都会 + +02:52.060 --> 03:05.620 +因此而快乐而自豪是不是啊校友们作为学生我也非常庆幸能在这个时候遇上北大的百年滑蛋并将 + +03:05.620 --> 03:14.980 +同他一起步入新的世纪在这里请允许我代表所有的北大学生向海内外所有的北大校友们向我们的 + +03:14.980 --> 03:24.300 +师哥师姐们问声好让我们一起一起向北京大学我们共有的精神家园道一声生日快乐 + +03:28.000 --> 03:36.260 +今天非常荣幸的是还有一些我们北京大学过去的老学长 老学友也光临到了我们的现场欢迎他们 + +03:36.260 --> 03:49.460 +的到来原人大常委会副委员长北大校友雷杰琼女士人大常委会副委员长北大校友彭佩芸女士全国 + +03:49.460 --> 04:01.140 +政协副主席北大校友罗豪才先生东方学家北大校友纪献林先生北大校长中科院院士陈嘉尔教授北 + +04:01.140 --> 04:11.820 +大党委书记任燕生教授北大党委副书记赵存生教授人民教育出版社编审北大校友张中情先生 + +04:31.200 --> 04:46.320 +快走啊要上课了不忙不忙教授还没到呢至少要晚十分钟还是快走吧密苏托王李等等等等我呀你们 + +04:46.320 --> 04:57.000 +要去听谁的课呀古侯明先生的英国文学那怪老头的课呀听听很有意思的哦这个尊孔派呀我可不去 + +04:57.000 --> 05:06.900 +凑那份热闹还不如去听钱玄同先生的文字学那多较劲啊那我们道不同学相应大路朝天各走一边各 + +05:06.900 --> 05:17.260 +听各的课去你这么一说我可偏要去听了怎么了我倒要听听他到底荒谬到什么程度好啊 小批判家 + +05:17.260 --> 05:29.280 +那咱们就走吧走吧你怎么还慢吞吞的呀不着急呀对不起几位先生的课比人不感兴趣我还是去炮图 + +05:29.280 --> 05:34.200 +书馆吧最近来了一批新书正在那读呢那随你便不理他 + +05:43.220 --> 05:44.220 +万山荒郊 + +05:55.080 --> 05:56.920 +主君 + +06:03.120 --> 06:25.640 +与今日之讲英语诗实乃夕阳之十嫂夜西洋之诗一同言律一如唐宋之诗词因而逐君欲学西洋之诗必 + +06:25.640 --> 06:42.080 +有文言诸位文言所传之道乃是孔孟痴人的礼仪教而西洋语言宣扬的是德赛尔先生这才是救国的良 + +06:42.080 --> 06:54.260 +方当今世界生机勃发早就已经没有文言的立足之地了文言自秦汉起就已经与口语分开了不易普及 + +06:54.260 --> 07:10.640 +如果继续使用势必影响文学的发展文化的进步乃至民族的强大而今有小辈欲将文言以试经理语代 + +07:10.640 --> 07:26.300 +之粗俗不堪 笔漏浅薄中国国民素质之低正在于文字的难懂西洋语言横横排版从左至右这也符合 + +07:26.300 --> 07:38.640 +人的生理习惯我国的古书却是竖排不易阅读应当彻底废弃祖宗执法偏废道学西洋未开化之术真是 + +07:38.640 --> 07:53.720 +本末倒置满口祖宗道统有什么新意还不如去听听钱先生别忙 再听听吧不听了 不听了文言早 + +07:53.720 --> 08:04.360 +已经是江化的死的语言怎能再用它来创作活文学而汉字字形复杂更难为人所认识所以最后我们必 + +08:04.360 --> 08:09.440 +定要改方块字为拼音才能使中国文化得以发展 + +08:13.760 --> 08:27.020 +以字母代替汉字简直荒谬至极那我们岂不都成洋人了诸君总而言之言而统之文言不当废道统不可 + +08:27.020 --> 08:36.180 +变下课文言当废白话当兴乃是历史发展之必然下课 + +08:53.720 --> 08:59.560 +你对我来说你是我的敌人恕尊 不足以谋二位 且慢 + +09:03.160 --> 09:04.460 +蔡校长 + +09:07.720 --> 09:23.480 +我想大学之为大也在于囊括大典恍若重家对新旧各派兼容并包有利于学术研究的发展和学生的独 + +09:23.480 --> 09:35.120 +立思考正如中庸所云万物并育而不相害道并行而不相背吗 + +09:41.920 --> 09:49.400 +非常荣幸呢能够在母校的百年滑蛋之际扮演我们敬爱的老校长蔡元培先生而今天呢我们北大的现 + +09:49.400 --> 09:53.660 +任校长陈嘉尔先生也来到了观众席上我们请陈校长说几句话好不好 + +09:59.320 --> 10:12.700 +我觉得我们的蔡校长提出来啊学术自由 金融并包是为了引进科学民主改革进步真正的一个核心 + +10:12.700 --> 10:22.320 +是为了振兴中华为了我们国家的繁荣富强所以我们一定要要继承我们北大的这样的传统为振兴中 + +10:22.320 --> 10:27.140 +华做出我们北京大学北大人的应有的贡献谢谢大家 + +10:33.760 --> 10:44.320 +我常常被许多白发苍苍的老教授那纯净的眼神平和的微笑所打动他们淡泊名利无怨无悔地坚守在 + +10:44.320 --> 11:00.560 +北大这个精神家园里今天在这里请允许我代表所有的同学们向您道一声老师辛苦了黎明 黎明 + +11:00.760 --> 11:16.940 +黎明 黎 + +11:16.940 --> 11:24.700 +明 + +11:56.840 --> 12:06.940 +一年三岸 + +12:11.240 --> 12:16.340 +林教授您在北大教书已经这么久了感受最深的是什么 + +12:19.100 --> 12:29.680 +我觉得这几十年在北大教书感觉感受最深的就觉得是比较辛苦在北大这个一个学术空气非常浓厚 + +12:29.680 --> 12:39.680 +的一个学校里面你教书啊如果不辛苦啊不拿出的百倍努力啊是不行的不论是在国内国外还是在国 + +12:39.680 --> 12:48.300 +内各地遇到自己的过去教过的学生有的我的名字都不记得了但是他们看到我以后总是很热情很亲 + +12:48.300 --> 12:54.720 +切的这给我很伤心我很受感动那我觉得我几十年的这一年的辛苦还是值得的 + +13:22.980 --> 13:37.460 +将来不但是全国最好的学校要全世界最好的学府这是我的期望希望北京大学第一保留真正的教学 + +13:37.460 --> 13:51.480 +自由的精神第二要研究中国本身传统的最好的学问也要研究全世界从古以来的最好的学问这一点 + +13:51.480 --> 14:02.160 +精神北大本来有现在还要保存还要发扬下去希望北大能够形成一个文科的中心不只是全国而且全 + +14:02.160 --> 14:11.400 +世界的一个文科的中心这个英文是百年孝庆所以是百寿图祝母校生日快乐 + +14:21.740 --> 14:44.360 +无声无息的你你曾经问我的那些问题如今再没人问起分给我眼抽的胸底分给我快乐的往昔你总是 + +14:44.360 --> 14:51.040 +猜不对我手里的硬币摇摇头说这太神秘 + +14:53.280 --> 15:12.880 +你来的信写得越来越科技关于爱情你只字不提你说你现在有很多的朋友却再也不为那些事忧愁你 + +15:12.880 --> 15:14.640 +问我几时能 + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/nj963cm2696_em_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/nj963cm2696_em_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..783ca73 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/nj963cm2696_em_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html @@ -0,0 +1,379 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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t1《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯 》《天之涯》《天之涯》向各位祝贺伟大校庆一百周年感到非常非常荣幸北京大学的学生们对于 考试t1《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯》《天之涯 》《天之涯》《天之涯》向各位祝贺伟大校庆一百周年感到非常非常荣幸北京大学的学生们对于 考试
>的时间和教育的时间和这方面的问题我们将一起协助并且将更深入地理解美国大学的学生们 也有兴趣和兴趣在北京大学的100周年祝福我希望我们这个学校能够在下一个世纪仍然>的时间和教育的时间和这方面的问题我们将一起协助并且将更深入地理解美国大学的学生们 也有兴趣和兴趣在北京大学的100周年祝福我希望我们这个学校能够在下一个世纪仍然
>继续 我们这个一百年或一千年的传统 我爱你 亲爱的电视机前的观众朋友们各位光临现场的北京大学的校友们大家好 我是李勇非常地高兴也是非常地荣幸今天能够在这里在我们>继续 我们这个一百年或一千年的传统 我爱你 亲爱的电视机前的观众朋友们各位光临现场的北京大学的校友们大家好 我是李勇非常地高兴也是非常地荣幸今天能够在这里在我们
>中央电视台的演播大厅和大家共同来 制作这一期百年一遇的北大校友联谊会那首先呢我来介绍一下这位呢是我们北京大学最年轻的博 士生导师之一的教授严纯华先生大家好那这位>中央电视台的演播大厅和大家共同来 制作这一期百年一遇的北大校友联谊会那首先呢我来介绍一下这位呢是我们北京大学最年轻的博 士生导师之一的教授严纯华先生大家好那这位
>甜美少女啊是我们北大法律系95级的本科生孙红 霞同学大家好大家好那今天这个联谊会呢就由我们三个人呢来为大家共同主持百年一遇对今天的 北大来说的确名副其实这个日子>甜美少女啊是我们北大法律系95级的本科生孙红 霞同学大家好大家好那今天这个联谊会呢就由我们三个人呢来为大家共同主持百年一遇对今天的 北大来说的确名副其实这个日子
>与我们每一个北大校友息息相通因为我们每个北大人都有一段难 以忘怀的生命历程与北大百年历史中的某个片段相重合我相信此时此刻我们每一位北大校友都会 因此而快乐而自豪>与我们每一个北大校友息息相通因为我们每个北大人都有一段难 以忘怀的生命历程与北大百年历史中的某个片段相重合我相信此时此刻我们每一位北大校友都会 因此而快乐而自豪
>是不是啊校友们作为学生我也非常庆幸能在这个时候遇上北大的百年滑蛋并将 同他一起步入新的世纪在这里请允许我代表所有的北大学生向海内外所有的北大校友们向我们的 师哥>是不是啊校友们作为学生我也非常庆幸能在这个时候遇上北大的百年滑蛋并将 同他一起步入新的世纪在这里请允许我代表所有的北大学生向海内外所有的北大校友们向我们的 师哥
>师姐们问声好让我们一起一起向北京大学我们共有的精神家园道一声生日快乐 今天非常荣幸的是还有一些我们北京大学过去的老学长 老学友也光临到了我们的现场欢迎他们 的到>师姐们问声好让我们一起一起向北京大学我们共有的精神家园道一声生日快乐 今天非常荣幸的是还有一些我们北京大学过去的老学长 老学友也光临到了我们的现场欢迎他们 的到
>来原人大常委会副委员长北大校友雷杰琼女士人大常委会副委员长北大校友彭佩芸女士全国 政协副主席北大校友罗豪才先生东方学家北大校友纪献林先生北大校长中科院院士陈嘉尔>来原人大常委会副委员长北大校友雷杰琼女士人大常委会副委员长北大校友彭佩芸女士全国 政协副主席北大校友罗豪才先生东方学家北大校友纪献林先生北大校长中科院院士陈嘉尔
>教授北 大党委书记任燕生教授北大党委副书记赵存生教授人民教育出版社编审北大校友张中情先生 快走啊要上课了不忙不忙教授还没到呢至少要晚十分钟还是快走吧密苏托王李等>教授北 大党委书记任燕生教授北大党委副书记赵存生教授人民教育出版社编审北大校友张中情先生 快走啊要上课了不忙不忙教授还没到呢至少要晚十分钟还是快走吧密苏托王李等
>等等等我呀你们 要去听谁的课呀古侯明先生的英国文学那怪老头的课呀听听很有意思的哦这个尊孔派呀我可不去 凑那份热闹还不如去听钱玄同先生的文字学那多较劲啊那我们道不>等等等我呀你们 要去听谁的课呀古侯明先生的英国文学那怪老头的课呀听听很有意思的哦这个尊孔派呀我可不去 凑那份热闹还不如去听钱玄同先生的文字学那多较劲啊那我们道不
>同学相应大路朝天各走一边各 听各的课去你这么一说我可偏要去听了怎么了我倒要听听他到底荒谬到什么程度好啊 小批判家 那咱们就走吧走吧你怎么还慢吞吞的呀不着急呀对不>同学相应大路朝天各走一边各 听各的课去你这么一说我可偏要去听了怎么了我倒要听听他到底荒谬到什么程度好啊 小批判家 那咱们就走吧走吧你怎么还慢吞吞的呀不着急呀对不
>起几位先生的课比人不感兴趣我还是去炮图 书馆吧最近来了一批新书正在那读呢那随你便不理他 万山荒郊 主君 与今日之讲英语诗实乃夕阳之十嫂夜西洋之诗一同言律一如唐宋>起几位先生的课比人不感兴趣我还是去炮图 书馆吧最近来了一批新书正在那读呢那随你便不理他 万山荒郊 主君 与今日之讲英语诗实乃夕阳之十嫂夜西洋之诗一同言律一如唐宋
>之诗词因而逐君欲学西洋之诗必 有文言诸位文言所传之道乃是孔孟痴人的礼仪教而西洋语言宣扬的是德赛尔先生这才是救国的良 方当今世界生机勃发早就已经没有文言的立足之地>之诗词因而逐君欲学西洋之诗必 有文言诸位文言所传之道乃是孔孟痴人的礼仪教而西洋语言宣扬的是德赛尔先生这才是救国的良 方当今世界生机勃发早就已经没有文言的立足之地
>了文言自秦汉起就已经与口语分开了不易普及 如果继续使用势必影响文学的发展文化的进步乃至民族的强大而今有小辈欲将文言以试经理语代 之粗俗不堪 笔漏浅薄中国国民素质>了文言自秦汉起就已经与口语分开了不易普及 如果继续使用势必影响文学的发展文化的进步乃至民族的强大而今有小辈欲将文言以试经理语代 之粗俗不堪 笔漏浅薄中国国民素质
>之低正在于文字的难懂西洋语言横横排版从左至右这也符合 人的生理习惯我国的古书却是竖排不易阅读应当彻底废弃祖宗执法偏废道学西洋未开化之术真是 本末倒置满口祖宗道统>之低正在于文字的难懂西洋语言横横排版从左至右这也符合 人的生理习惯我国的古书却是竖排不易阅读应当彻底废弃祖宗执法偏废道学西洋未开化之术真是 本末倒置满口祖宗道统
>有什么新意还不如去听听钱先生别忙 再听听吧不听了 不听了文言早 已经是江化的死的语言怎能再用它来创作活文学而汉字字形复杂更难为人所认识所以最后我们必 定要改方块>有什么新意还不如去听听钱先生别忙 再听听吧不听了 不听了文言早 已经是江化的死的语言怎能再用它来创作活文学而汉字字形复杂更难为人所认识所以最后我们必 定要改方块
>字为拼音才能使中国文化得以发展 以字母代替汉字简直荒谬至极那我们岂不都成洋人了诸君总而言之言而统之文言不当废道统不可 变下课文言当废白话当兴乃是历史发展之必然下>字为拼音才能使中国文化得以发展 以字母代替汉字简直荒谬至极那我们岂不都成洋人了诸君总而言之言而统之文言不当废道统不可 变下课文言当废白话当兴乃是历史发展之必然下
>课 你还不做你是我的敌人恕子不足以谋二位 且慢 蔡校长 我想大学之为大也在于囊括大典恍若重家对新旧各派兼容并包有利于学术研究的发展和学生的独 立思考正如中庸所云>课 你对我来说你是我的敌人恕尊 不足以谋二位 且慢 蔡校长 我想大学之为大也在于囊括大典恍若重家对新旧各派兼容并包有利于学术研究的发展和学生的独 立思考正如中庸
>万物并育而不相害道并行而不相背吗 非常荣幸呢能够在母校的百年滑蛋之际扮演我们敬爱的老校长蔡元培先生而今天呢我们北大的现 任校长陈嘉尔先生也来到了观众席上我们请陈>所云万物并育而不相害道并行而不相背吗 非常荣幸呢能够在母校的百年滑蛋之际扮演我们敬爱的老校长蔡元培先生而今天呢我们北大的现 任校长陈嘉尔先生也来到了观众席上我们
>校长说几句话好不好 我觉得我们的蔡校长提出来啊学术自由 金融并包是为了引进科学民主改革进步真正的一个核心 是为了振兴中华为了我们国家的繁荣富强所以我们一定要要继>请陈校长说几句话好不好 我觉得我们的蔡校长提出来啊学术自由 金融并包是为了引进科学民主改革进步真正的一个核心 是为了振兴中华为了我们国家的繁荣富强所以我们一定要
>承我们北大的这样的传统为振兴中 华做出我们北京大学北大人的应有的贡献谢谢大家 我常常被许多白发苍苍的老教授那纯净的眼神平和的微笑所打动他们淡泊名利无怨无悔地坚守>要继承我们北大的这样的传统为振兴中 华做出我们北京大学北大人的应有的贡献谢谢大家 我常常被许多白发苍苍的老教授那纯净的眼神平和的微笑所打动他们淡泊名利无怨无悔地
>在 北大这个精神家园里今天在这里请允许我代表所有的同学们向您道一声老师辛苦了黎明 黎明 黎明 黎 明 一年三岸 林教授您在北大教书已经这么久了感受最深的是什么 >坚守在 北大这个精神家园里今天在这里请允许我代表所有的同学们向您道一声老师辛苦了黎明 黎明 黎明 黎 明 一年三岸 林教授您在北大教书已经这么久了感受最深的是什
>我觉得这几十年在北大教书感觉感受最深的就觉得是比较辛苦在北大这个一个学术空气非常浓厚 的一个学校里面你教书啊如果不辛苦啊不拿出的百倍努力啊是不行的不论是在国内国>么 我觉得这几十年在北大教书感觉感受最深的就觉得是比较辛苦在北大这个一个学术空气非常浓厚 的一个学校里面你教书啊如果不辛苦啊不拿出的百倍努力啊是不行的不论是在国
>外还是在国 内各地遇到自己的过去教过的学生有的我的名字都不记得了但是他们看到我以后总是很热情很亲 切的这给我很伤心我很受感动那我觉得我几十年的这一年的辛苦还是值>内国外还是在国 内各地遇到自己的过去教过的学生有的我的名字都不记得了但是他们看到我以后总是很热情很亲 切的这给我很伤心我很受感动那我觉得我几十年的这一年的辛苦还
>得的 将来不但是全国最好的学校要全世界最好的学府这是我的期望希望北京大学第一保留真正的教学 自由的精神第二要研究中国本身传统的最好的学问也要研究全世界从古以来的>是值得的 将来不但是全国最好的学校要全世界最好的学府这是我的期望希望北京大学第一保留真正的教学 自由的精神第二要研究中国本身传统的最好的学问也要研究全世界从古以
>最好的学问这一点 精神北大本来有现在还要保存还要发扬下去希望北大能够形成一个文科的中心不只是全国而且全 世界的一个文科的中心这个英文是百年孝庆所以是百寿图祝母校>来的最好的学问这一点 精神北大本来有现在还要保存还要发扬下去希望北大能够形成一个文科的中心不只是全国而且全 世界的一个文科的中心这个英文是百年孝庆所以是百寿图祝
>生日快乐 无声无息的你你曾经问我的那些问题如今再没人问起分给我眼抽的胸底分给我快乐的往昔你总是 猜不对我手里的硬币摇摇头说这太神秘 你来的信写得越来越科技关于爱>母校生日快乐 无声无息的你你曾经问我的那些问题如今再没人问起分给我眼抽的胸底分给我快乐的往昔你总是 猜不对我手里的硬币摇摇头说这太神秘 你来的信写得越来越科技关
>情你只字不提你说你现在有很多的朋友却再也不为那些事忧愁你 问我几时能一起回去看看我们的宿舍 我们的过去你刻在墙上的字依然清晰从内事忘记 就没有 人能杂去 你说每>于爱情你只字不提你说你现在有很多的朋友却再也不为那些事忧愁你 问我几时能
>当你回头看夕阳红每当你又听到晚钟从前的点点滴滴会涌起在你来不及难过的心里睡在我 伤骨的胸底睡在我寂寞的回忆你曾经问我的那些问题不仅在没人问起那些问题不仅在没人问 
>起 站在我身边的这两位尊敬的学长们就是地质学系五二届的赵鹏大校友和崔盛勤校友那么赵老师我 能问一下在您学生时代给您印象很深的让您至今还难以忘怀的同窗好友是谁吗当 
>然记得因为我们 那个时候每个班的学生很少弟子系是北大理学院最大的一个系也不过才六十几个人不过我想更 重要的是因为我们是在中华民族发生大转折的伟大历史时期走进北大 
>校园我想最难忘的是这么两 件事情一个是迎接解放一个是开国大典这两件事情我们作为北大地质系学生都积极参加了这也 就是为什么我们这一届的同学在相聚的时候就有一种格外 
>的亲切和特殊的这么一种激情我想在座 的可能也有和我们一样同一个班的校友坐在一起也有他们最难忘的时刻吧有吗 刚才赵老师讲的呢他们是在一个北大新旧社会交替的时候入学 
>的那么我们作为小平同志主持恢复 高考以后的第一批大学生那么我们十分争执我们到北大学习的机会当时在北大的时候我觉得就是 那种学习的氛围非常的浓郁我们班的有同学甚至 
>外号就叫拼命门会主任然后每天他们早晨踏着晨 雾去卫明湖畔读外语然后晚上宿舍都熄了灯之后他们还在路灯的下面去看书学习当时我的感触 非常的深我觉得我一定要北大好好地 
>学习我们当时可以说是带着巨大的这个使命感和自豪感进入 北大学习的可以说历史给我们创造了机会我们又用自己的行动这张图表里面有一个 很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一 
>个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是 这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有 一个很重要的故事就是这 
>张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事 就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面 有一个很重 
>要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故事就是这张图表里面有一个很重要的故 事排球赛全校的同学几乎全部都关注着这场电视转播我记得我们都是在一块看着电视是吧经过艰 
> 苦的熬战我们中国队终于胜利了冲出了亚洲同学们非常激动激动的心情可以说是无以言表于是就 在校园里狂欢游行 喊口号大家先喊是中国队万岁然后又喊中国万岁后来有个同学 
>建议他说我们 换个口号喊团结起来为中华的崛起而奋斗我当时说这个口号好挺好太长了不好喊我们就喊团结起 来振兴中华吧大家说都一直同意于是就喊了起来没想到这个口号不进 
>而走没过几天吧就传遍了全 中国而且一直传到了今天 好 团结起来振兴中华这是一个多么令人振奋的口号啊虽然小二十年过去了但是现在听起来呢 还是那么的熟悉今天的中国已 
>经发生了很大的变化我觉得呢今天这已经不是一个简单的口号了它 应该是时代的声音民族的新生我身边这几位呢就是从海外学成归来的北大的校友们欢迎你们到来 在这里我想问你 
>们同样一个问题就是你们为什么要回国我想还是离不开北京和北大这里有我的家 人有我的老师我的同仁和学生也有我的事业北大已经完全融在了我的血液里谢谢回到自己的祖国 回 
>到自己的家是不需要什么理由的19年前我也跟刚才那个小师弟一样我15岁踏进了北大所以 我想是北大培育了我那么我在国外学成回到北大回到祖国是理所当然的了虽然我在德国 
>待了很长 时间但我从来没想过我不回来回国对我来说是很自然的事情 我觉得这个国家需要我我也需要这个国家这么多年我走了很多地方但是我还觉得这里更像个家 国家的变化那 
>么快发展那么快那么我认为如果是说自己的事业有所发展那么最好的选择就是回来 所以我回到了北大母校 因为为什么回国有一个根本的原因就是离不开这片国土对我个人来说还有 
>一个很重要的原因就是 离不开自己的母校 北大好 谢谢你们看来学生回国也是有传染性的虽然我不是北大人但是今天 在这里我和你们能够欢聚一堂感到由衷地高兴我也由衷地为 
>北大也为你们而感到自豪 同是北大人林毅夫先生是在台湾读完的大学1979年他回到了北京在北京大学读完三年书后又 去了美国1992年他应母校之邀又回到了北京和几位从 
>海外学成归来的学友共同创建了中国经 济研究中心今天林先生也来到了现场你好 林先生那么我想问问您您回祖国最初是基于怎么样的 一个考虑呢我想是中国重新富强起来是所有 
>北大学生的共同愿望那祖国的重新截取只有在改革开 放以后这一二十年才不是一個遙不可及的夢所以我覺得呢作為我們這一代的北大學生是最幸運的 因為 這一代北大學生所共同 
>追求的目標有可能在我們這一代人的努力下實現因此 我珍惜這個 為祖國的文化建設 經濟建設做點事的機會 提起祖国呢我想每一个人的脑海中的概念恐怕不是一样的它有时候呢 
>像一首美妙的歌曲有的时候 呢祖国像一位慈祥的母亲有的时候呢就是活生生的鲜红的五星红旗那么最近呢这个唐师曾啊写了 一本书书面上呢是他抖开他那个摄影背心啊上面有个巨 
>大的五星红旗唐师曾啊说到这儿呢你 是不是对国旗有一个更多的更深的理解国旗关键时刻是救我命的所以我这儿写国旗因为中东有 的人不认识我写一个英文新华news age 
>ncy写一个阿文一看中国新华社之类然后现在 中国老爱一般人老爱说国旗上的鲜血是用烈士鲜血染成的一说到烈士鲜血老想到士兵其实还有农 民 工人还有好多北大毕业的这些 
>我觉得他们也是烈士刚烈之士 完了 最近我写了一本书那书是海湾战争以后的第二本书我写一个献给我母校北大因为如果北大 不教我我青蛙手就不会要我 就是没有北大没有祖国 
>呢这个唐师曾啊也走进不了这个金字塔我走金字塔我还其实那个罗校长罗 校长去开罗做过个大吉普我这里边写大吉普忘了写罗校长了好 谢谢 谢谢谢谢在过去了的海湾 战争的时 
>候呢你深入虎穴啊拍回了很多精彩的报道啊也是你有了一个特殊的经历那么听说你在海 湾地区呢遇到了很多的校友能不能给我们讲一讲那种他乡遇故人的感觉如果我能够比其他外国 
>记 者或者其他同行机会更多一点是因为我在中东许多地方碰见了我的校友比如伊拉克仅举伊拉克为 例先从那边说吧伊拉克五官助理李天天法律系七九级是我师弟 这是曹鹏麟武官 
>陆军少将是巴格达武官曹武官的爸爸是曹景华老先生 这是对我帮助最多的巴格达父母官中国驻巴格达大使郑达勇我听说当时在战场上很多人都往外跑 只有两个人在往里冲一个是唐 
>师曾一个就是你李天天为什么呢怎么说呢有需要是军人的职责要我 往前去好 谢谢您我听说在巴格达的时候有一段非常好听的关于国旗的故事能不能给我们讲一讲 好当时在海湾战 
>争时期当时是比较危急的我们使馆需要保护的我们就在使馆最上层的一个房顶上 画了一面非常大的国旗朝向蓝天这也就是说我们在这一面红旗下来紧张地工作那面国旗有多大的 尺 
>寸呢有五六十准确地说不上大概有五六十左右的平方米的那么一个大国旗那就空中的战机可以 清楚地看到它了 在科威特工作的劳务人员当时除了我国的劳务公司的劳务人员之外还 
>有130多个台湾中华工程 公司的劳务人员他们在撤离的时候先找了台湾的代表台湾的代表说我置身难保你们自求平安吧结 果他们又找了美国的使馆又找了英国的使馆都被拘置门 
>外在没有办法的情况下找到我们的使馆而 我们呢替他们办妥了一切手续然后送给他们一面五星红旗他们就打着这面五星红旗最后平安地返 回了家园他们的感慨感慨地说还是大陆同 
>胞亲呢 爱临鸟 从南天飞过 爱到 Landesregierung 我爱 你 我愛你中國我愛你中國 我愛你春天蓬勃的陽亮我愛你秋日季篁的收光我爱你青松旗帜我爱你红 
>美铭河我爱你家乡的天真 梦想如居自然着火你是我我爱你中国我爱你中国 我要把最美的歌献给你我的母亲我的祖国啊啊 啊 啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊 
>啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊 啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊 啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊 
>啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊 啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊 啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊 
>啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊 啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊 你留學回來開始不就是在北大當教授對不對對不對一直到八十年代你不是還給北大帶 
>學生嗎 是不是你前幾年還把你的著作不送到北京大學圖書館了嗎你跟北京大學有七十多年的交情了 是不是對不對对不对?那么你对北京大学有什么希望?我希望北京大学的教授不 
>要借挂第二,教 授实际要有制造要写东西一下要给小生帮忙写这种东西怎么给观众朋友这里是中央电视台北京大 学建校一百周年校友联谊会欢迎继续收看今天在座的都是北京大学 
>的校友你看有同学有同宿舍的 还有师生那我想这其中肯定还有夫妻肯定有这样的夫妇有请卢晓菲 朱晓明夫妇有请 那今天都是给他的校友你们两个人能不能给大家讲一讲你们当时 
>的这个恋爱经过大家好 我们俩在大学二年级的时候就比较好不过那个时候 并没有向老师和同学们公开我们俩的关系大学毕业的时候正赶上西藏要求见一批大学生我们俩就 报了名 
>在那安了家谈到结婚那也和进藏有关系我们是在毕业之后进藏之前结了婚因为考虑到要去 西藏如果不结婚呢到那儿就不太方便这样我们就在进藏之前结了婚但是这个情况并没有告诉 
>西藏 所以接受单位呢有点措手不及人家以为呢接受了一个大学生没想到来了一对还得临时安排住房 我在西藏待了11年他在西藏待了13年我们给女儿起了一个藏族名字叫朱玛她 
>在拉萨小学读了 一个学期我们的女儿现在也在北大就读 北大从50年代开始就有一批又一批的北大校友义无反顾地走上了支援西藏建设西藏的道路在 不同的年代不同的岗位上为 
>建设西藏发展西藏做出了自己的贡献把自己最宝贵的青春年华献给了 青藏高原现在我们来认识一下他们有请我来向大家介绍一下他们前面的三位是60年代的北大毕 业生这位是最 
>高人民法院的副院长李国光他在西藏生活和工作了24年这位是中国西藏杂志的主 编廖东凡他在西藏也生活和工作了24年这位是中国文联的刘诗意同志他在西藏工作了7年17  
>年少说了10年这位是北京市文物局的张文生他在西藏工作了6年 这位是团中央书记处的书记胡春华你在西藏工作了15年收到了一份新华通讯社社长郭超仁先生 发来的贺电贺电 
>是这样的在北京大学一百周年校庆之际作为北京大学五十年代后期的毕业生我感 谢母校对我的培养和教育我衷心祝愿母校以崭新的风采迈向21世纪在未来的岁月里取得更大的 辉 
>煌 还有90年代毕业的校友他们从遥远的拉萨带来了向母校和校友们的问候 用一个词来描述信息时代里所发生的变化的话那么不可思议也许是最恰当的中华听众朋友欢迎收 听城 
>市广讲我是主持人李威大家好 我是李威这是我的妻子孙德基北大的老师和同志们你好那么 今天非常高兴能有这样一个机会在美丽的圣城拉萨和我们的亲老小友们我们一起度过我们 
>每一个 北大人一生难忘的日子我们百年孝庆那么从我们走出北大到走上社会吧可以说现在特别是在西藏 这一个特殊地区可以说我们经历的也有不少森林古老的东西全部之类都有但 
>是无论如何请勿相 放心我们每一位在西藏的北大同学我们没有丢北大的脸我们一直在努力他们只能先看一个常数那 就是 这是母校百年华战之际不能亲自到宴宴感受节日的气氛实 
>在是平生一大憾事感谢中央电视台给了 我这样一个机会我再次请向曾经教育过我的各位市长表示衷心的感谢祝大家身体健康扎西德勒 是谁带来远古的火花是谁留下千年的祈赞难道 
>说还有梦魇的梦还是那叫做不能当怀的天 我看见一座座山一座座山川一座座山川 走进北大西校门向南拐在一池和风绿树掩映的池塘南岸有一处叫韶源的地方那就是我们北大的留  
>学生楼许多年来北大作为享誉世界的名牌大学不仅为中国培养了大批的优秀人才而且也吸引了来 自世界各地的留学生们今天我们的北大校友波兰大使齐焕武先生也带来了对母校的问 
>号从北大 开始就是我的住在生活的开始住在中国生活的开始我在中国已经过了23年我对所有的我可以理 解我对所有的北大的感情是非常深的我来自新加坡我来自加拿大韩国和澳 
>大利亚去找纪念哟你有 黑眼睛我有黄头发安妮琳达阿曼诺夏克鲁奇哟我进了北大我又有一个家哦 忘了义父 我学会 中国王哦 进了少年 我共有一个家哦 改了名字 我学会中 
>国王我叫大山 我叫大洋我叫大山 洋我叫大中 我叫大华我叫大中华我背单词 我背孙子 哥哥又爸爸我唱演唱 我唱京剧 咿咿 又呀呀我穿长袍 我穿马褂 鸡了又他啦我弹琵 
>琶 我吹唢呐 狐狸又哇啦我来自新加坡 我来 自加拿大韩国和澳大利亚直到极黑呀你有黑眼睛我有黄头发安妮琳达阿曼诺塞巴鲁基亚进了北大 我又有一个家玩了音符我学会做娃 
>娃进了校园我们共有一个家哦 开了名字我学会中国话小胡同 里找对眼四合院里看年华大样的牛的眼发花带起整脸的嘴发麻尝了麦串糖葫芦喝了喝口大碗茶带 香味醇薄焦子拿起筷 
>子吃烤鸭南疆北调说老家阴阳怪气喊大妈分手来去面见见面问声吃了吗少原 上 少原岛一滴水滋润着天下的花上元上 上元到天下的泉水 照管着他进了北京 我又有一个 家混了 
>一度 我学会中国话我进了校园 我能有一个家我改了名字 我学会怎么忘 前两天在北大的时候呢有一位许多年前在北大读过书的校友告诉我这样一件事曾经有一个很长一 段时间 
>他在每天清晨都可以看到朱光潜先生在卫明湖畔跑步当时朱先生已经过了冒跌之年了而且 身体非常的瘦小最让这位校友终身难忘的是朱先生跑步的姿势由于非常的年迈了朱先生与其 
>说是 在跑步还不如说是在一步一步地挪动他的身体总是在向往前探着双手张开两只眼睛炯炯有神地望 着前方由此我们想到北大的精神对北大人来说北大的精神不仅是一种响亮的口 
>号或是一种深邃的 思想也是一种平时的人生和豁达的气质也是同学间永远好学的精神是老教授脸上那智慧的笑容也 正向朱光潜先生努力向前的身影我想那一切才是我们北京大学有 
>血有肉的精神家园 一世人间 现真相熟悉而我心不变 终何寻 一世长年 两万千年中文字幕志愿 者 李宗盛 洪楼飞雪一世迎接先知曾书写爱过尽不命中可选一世长平一世草原 
>兩端間諜黃鴿從今為世世山下 大海百年歸我們來自江南帥隊一家人相見我們朝向山上見到 中文字幕志愿者 杨 栋梁 中文字幕志愿者 李宗盛 这所我国历史上最早诞生的大学 
>开创了我国教育史上的诸多底一北京大学创办于1898年最早 叫京师大学堂1902年10月14号京师大学堂举行了建校以来的第一次招生考试当时的考试 科目有史论 地理 
> 政治 教设算学 理化 国文 共七门考生成绩评定采用百分之每科60分 为及格这也是中国高等院校规定以60分为及格计算学生成绩的开始1904年 京师大学堂选 出4 
>7名学生出国留学其中31人到日本 16人到欧洲这是京师大学堂派出的第一批留学生 1905年4月24号京师大学堂举行了第一届运动会这也是中国近代高等学校举行的第一 
>次运 动会1907年京师大学堂试学馆和师范馆招收的第一批学生毕业3月13号在大学堂举行了隆 重的毕业典礼这也是我国教育史上第一次举行学生毕业典礼1920年2月王 
>岚 西真 扎小元 三位女青年经校长蔡元培同意进入北京大学成为旁听生7月正式招收包括三名女青年在内的九名 本科女生这是中国高等院校最早的男女生同校以后中国各高等院 
>校也开始男女生同校这是中央台 报道的日前香港青年社团联盟组织400名香港论坛在北京中国大饭店降下了帷幕来自世界著名 学府的100多位校长们我们在会上探讨了21世 
>纪人类高等教育的发展趋势首先请看我们的记 者发自大会现场的报道世界著名大学校长论坛5月2日至3日在中国大饭店举行本次论坛的召开 得到了国内外高等教育界的热烈反应 
>出席会议的是一批与北京大学有着广泛合作关系的世界著名 学府的校长来自包括英国牛津大学 美国斯坦福 伯克利 日本东京大学等60余所大学此外 20多所国内的著名大学 
>校长以及一些高等教育问题专家也参加了会议5月2日上午论坛举行了 隆重的开幕式国务院副总理李燃清到会并发表了热情洋溢的讲话 对各位的光临表示欢迎 并且预着这次论坛 
>会议取得圆满成功李兰清副总理在讲话中肯定了北京大学为开拓知识的疆域促 进中国学术与社会的进步做出的重要贡献他还指出高等教育的发展核心是学术和人才此后他又重 申了 
>中国政府在教育问题上的观点 中国的高等教育在2014期一定会在中国的发展中发挥应有的很更大的作用开幕之后在会议短 暂的休息时间里记者发现此次会议的确已成为世界高 
>等教育界的交流中心各大学似乎都希望通过 这次机会阐述自己在教育问题上的见解了解其他学校的动向并寻求合作的机遇称之为教育界盛会 毫不过分此外各媒体对会议反应之热烈 
>使主办单位严格控制了记者人数但在休息时间的每一分钟 里各校长都成为了追踪的目标此次会议的通用语言为英语并且完全没有任何翻译这使得这次会议 并不再有浓厚的庆典色彩 
>而更合乎国际学术会议的标准此次大会共同探讨了21世纪人类高等教 育发展的趋势共分为四个主要的议题二十一世纪大学的地位和作用二十一世纪的教学战略二十一 世纪大学与 
>社会的联系二十一世纪大学的管理与财政事务北京大学校长 牛津大学校长斯坦福大 学校长俄国圣彼得堡大学校长等在大会上宣读了论文在一九九七年的牛津大学曾经发生过这样一 
> 件事情一位沙特阿拉伯的富翁为牛津大学捐助了3400万美金却意外地被牛津大学拒绝了这 件事情在世界教育界引起了非常大的争论支持牛津大学这一方的人认为牛津大学保持 
>了学术上的 独立性学校的主要目的是为社会服务而不是挣钱而反对一方的意见认为牛津大学放弃的不仅仅是 3400万美金更重要的是他们放弃了一个超过剑桥成为英国第一的机 
>会今天在世界大学校长的 论坛上学校的资金与管理问题再次成为讨论的焦点我首先觉得牛津大学有一点是对的因为学校是 为社会服务的而不是挣钱的他们坚持这条原则是对的但是 
>如果是在这个原则下面如果能够确保 我們教育跟學術研究的自主性那麼多渠道的來籌措學校辦學的資源是可以理解的也是可以採取的 我知道像美國的哈佛大學它有兩百人的隊伍為 
>學校籌措資金斯坦福大學也是如此所以我覺得特別 在我們國家雖然國家對北京大學這樣的大學給了可以說是重點的支柱 支持但是離開我們的需要 是遠遠不過的特別是要辦成一流 
>的大學這是很花錢的教育是很花錢的事那麼在您的任期之內北大 資源集團是建立起來了而且北大方程的銷售額也在突破猛進而且據消息說您說北大這次辦校慶也 得到了社會各方面 
>財力物力的支持那麼您是不是北大歷史上最能掙錢的一位校長當然北大自己的 財力當時的勢力正在增長但是我相信隨著國家的富強國力的增強我的將來未來的繼承者會比我更 有辦 
>法更有實力您的意思是您是空前了但是沒有絕後这个话怎么讲因为我们的经济确实是发展得 很快现在要跟十年前比那增加得多了您的大学里是否也面临财政问题呢是的 非常多的问 
>题现在 世界上没有一个大学不面临财政问题一方面我们尽力说服我们自己我们需要更多的钱我们总是 需要更多的钱来支持我们的学生这当然也是事实在所有国家里更多的钱来自私 
>人所以我们既吸收 来自政府的钱也吸收个人捐助的资金看起来许多的研究机构需要钱当然我也希望高等教育变得更 强大一些 我希望的金錢是高級教育的是從政府那裡來的還是從 
>私人那裡來的錢更多一些呢從斯坦福大學的 情況來看是從私人那裡來的更多一些從政府來的錢對於我們來說只是夠做研究用的這大約是40 %左右其余的钱就来自私人的捐助 我 
>们也拒绝了不少的募款的赚款因为他们要影响我们的独立住宿权我们宁愿不要这个钱但是要保 持我们自己的学校的独立的性格这个我想在美国也很普通的但是有许多事情并不是那么 
>所谓黑板 分明有很多这个很细节所以要非常之小心维持一方面一定要在财政方面要开源但另外一方面要维 持一个学校固有的这个独立的性格所以很多新的问题产生那么您觉得学校 
>开源最好的办法是什么 我想开源不外乎好几个一个是跟社会要结洽得很好比如说在美国的话或者西方国家有过人的赚款 是一个很大宗的然后公司行号跟学校的合作的赚款然后还有 
>政府各个不同的机构但最主要的还 是我今天讲的不是钱的问题而是要把学校的它的作用 它的想法 它的前瞻性把它跟校外的人能 够沟通这样的话自然而然比如我有许多时候去不 
>是为了赚钱但是跟很多富有的公司行号或者过人 谈到我们学校的发展情况他们都是慷慨截然几百万美金就给的我想所以最主要的问题还是一个理 念的问题我们最主要的就是一方面 
>要去开拓裁员就是多做点产业学合作当然我们也希望社会各界 能够多给我们点资助因为我们是企业办的大学所以我们很有这个企业的精神那您觉得大学作为 一个企业的话它社会服 
>务或者赚钱哪一个更重要呢其实我想当然是最主要是社会服务不过社会服 务的话也需要有资源所以这两个其实相辅相成那您所说的大学的资源您觉得最重要的是什么呢最 重要当然 
>是人力资源我们需要有最好的教授最好的职业统人还有最好的学生有消息说北京大学将 在近日合并北京医科大学和北京航空大学这意味着这所综合大学的实力将变得更为强劲而在论 
>坛 上另一个重要的议题就是大学的定位问题许多专家认为不是所有的大学应该办得大而全更重要 的是办成一流的大学那么假如你说是不是将来会变成一个大而全的缺少了一些比如 
>说法律啊医学 这些是不是将来不会是非常非常全面的那答案是会的但是我们虽然不搞医学院不搞法律学院不搞 建筑学院但是我们在我们的边缘都是跟一些专攻这些方向的研究型大 
>学是合作非常紧密比如说 我们跟北大就会合作非常紧密那么我们就不需要在某些方面跟北大竞争了而是互补了您是否认为 校际间的合作在新的世纪里会显得非常重要呢 非常重要 
>比如从1996年我们就开始了和北京大学的合作我们和当时的校长陈嘉尔签订了合作 的协议 您认为和北大的合作是否成功呢是的我们有一个非常好的开端我们的合作几乎没有什 
>么困难我们 可以利用现代通讯技术相互交换科学研究方面的信息 您觉得研究工作和教学工作哪个对于大学来说更重要一些呢我觉得你很难把这两者分割开来像宾 夕法尼亚州州里 
>大学或者北京大学我们都在培养非常好的学生我们就需要有很好很新的知识而这 只能建立在现代化的科学研究的基础之上 有人说英特网有一天会取代大学教育您对此持什么看法呢 
> 我想英特奈特可以做一部分的事情但不能取代大学做的任何事情我想Internet的主要作 用就是传播和交换信息但是大学做了更多的工作不仅仅是传播和交换信息大学创造 
>了知识 更新 了知识 今天在各大学校长演讲中最频繁出现的一个词语就是Challenge 挑战许多报告中指出 如果高等教育不顺应时代的发展进行某种变革或者调整的话 
>那么高等教育将面临的不仅仅是挑战 而是问题与威胁许多与会者认为这次大会的成功举办将对中国乃至世界21世纪高等教育的发展 带来深远的影响中国报道记者张全林在会议现 
>场报道观众朋友上百名著名学府的校长们会集北京 引起了国内外传媒乃至中国政府世界教育界的高度重视此次活动的规模之大北大层次之高在中国 教育史上上书首次4月29日国 
>家主席江泽民在北大逗游长达近三个小时用他自己的话来说他是 去为北大校庆增添气氛的明天他还将出席在人民大会堂举行的北大百年校庆的庆典并发布重要的 讲话这一切使得北 
>大的校庆不再是北大或者是教育界的一件盛事而成为中国科教新国战略的一种 表白好 今天的节目就到这里结束了欢迎明天继续收看我们对北大消情的报道 4月10号刚刚组建的 
>新一届中国男兰来到山海关某部队开始了为期十天的军训生活14名队员 被分成两个班有两名部队教官担任班长负责训练工作新兵武营头一课是对联训练 为什么我们要反复地练不 
>断地练就是为了从对联训练中培养我们一种严肃尽力勇敢万象的作风良 好的追星姿态和气质希望大家理解对联训练的目的这样思想认识好了我们对联训练才能达到效果 不要快这些 
>人高马大的队员穿的是定做的特大好迷彩服但是脚上的鞋却无法统一装备任人一眼就 看出这不是正规军一二三四一二一一一 开开开开 看到国手打军体拳时笨手笨脚的样子也许会 
>怀疑他们在球场上是怎么做出那些令人眼花缭乱的高 难动作的 上午的训练内容完成之后班长要对大家的表现做一番小节加强纪律性革命无不胜唱歌也是加强纪 律性的一种有效的 
>方式 我们唱一首这段讲演唱的音乐郭定英的连队预备唱郭定英的连队郭定英的兵郭定英的思想红彤彤 郭定英的子弹张着眼郭定英的刺刀血染红冲击像狂风剑手向铁掌撑国民的年轻 
>英雄多国民的战士 洋洋红今天上午的训练就到这个地方加油 来到军营后中国南岚的队员们先后学会了十首部队革命歌曲 部队的歌曲呢我教了一部分二班长也教了一部分我们互相 
>的我们轮流地教他们对经过的时候比较 感兴趣第一天兴趣挺高但是实际教的时候特别激动一唱起来呢就感动就唱不出来了声音比较小 没有气我是一个兵坐我是一个兵凡是参加过军 
>训的人都会对开饭前的歌音比赛记忆深刻唱得越响 开饭就越早因此这时候的歌声往往是一天中最嘹亮的 中国男男在居英里享受的唯一特殊待遇是在饭桌上每人每天15元的伙食标 
>准是他们在部队招待 所吃的颇为丰盛但是与平时训练局运动员造相比油水显然不够在吃过军营的第一顿饭之后队员们 就把小麦布仅有的两箱而且还是过期的蜂蜜面全都买走了 军 
>营里的业余生活是单调的14个人同住的一间大屋子里打发时间的方式却只有两种看电视和玩 游戏机 来军营已经整整五天了大伙都盼望着有机会能够走出去呼吸一下军营外的空气 
> 30公里拉链对中国南岚的小伙子们来说是一次严峻的考验平时在球场上连续跑两三个小时同家 常便饭但是现在让他们走上一天大伙普遍感到体力透支 感觉怎么样啊弟感觉总的 
>来说还行为什么要总的来说还行当然走了十多公里肯定还是比较疲劳 但是这种走法还是第一次觉得比较新鲜也是考验一下自己像这种困难挑战一下 尽管每个人都疲惫不堪但是只能 
>咬牙坚持阿迪江的右脚摸出了血泡 枪对男人来说总是拥有不可抗拒的诱惑力没有摸过枪的战士更算不上是一名真正的军人有弹架卡 绳这个东西叫弹架卡绳它往前面勾住然后下放往 
>后一带下来卸的时候有点分解的时候利用这个右 手的肉后部分顶住这个卡绳然后向前一推它就掉了 别看这些队员估计都是国内篮坛响当当的人物可以拿起枪来简直就像一群顽皮的 
>孩子 实弹射击这一天也许是队员们在整个军训期间最快乐最投入的时刻了没有过枪营等于白来军营一 趟可像姚明这么个打法简直是在浪费子弹 哪个是我打的三个八两个八一个两 
>个八一个这儿打坏的吧没有看指导怎么样打完的打完的他要几 环啊二号九环三号零环四号七十七环六号零环作为体育项目来讲呢它是这个要求能够达到一个极 限在极限当中你去努 
>力去完成这个项目那在这个军训当中就不一样了所以考验一个人的精神一个 人的这个意志没有一致品质做基础你也成不了一个优秀运动员所以跟这个部队的这个要求是符合 的那以 
>后还想军训吗想期待下一次军训是不是对 请别着装惊我 北大是一部书北大是一幅历史的长卷北大是一首文明的史诗1898年在戊戌变法的血与火中中 成立的北京大学标志着中 
>国现代高等教育的开端是中国新文化运动的中心是五四运动的发祥地是 传播民主科学思想和马克思主义的最初基地北大是一部书这本书浓缩了中华民族百年的求索百 年的抗争百年 
>的奋进今日北大继承悠久传统融会时代精神星光灿烂只是瞩目 這是一塊神奇的土地多少人魂牽夢繞多少人意望作為中國最高學府的北京大學現在位於北京西郊 的海淀區這裡曾是清 
>代的皇家園林历史的人文景观与今日的人才汇翠凝聚成永恒的精神魅力鲁迅 先生概括北大的校格的时候说北大是常为心的今日的北京大学经过不断创新与发展逐渐确立了它 在中国 
>教育界和学术界的崇高地位并且以一流的教学质量杰出的学术成就和深沉的文化底蕴飞升 中外科学 民主 爱国 进步一种光荣而博大的传统在这里生根发芽勤奋 严谨 求实 创 
>新一 种开放而鲜活的氛围在这里绵延不绝 北京大学拥有着全国最强的师资力量作为吸引人才的家园和培养人才的摇篮这里名师云集 群星 璀璨形成了北京大学一种特有的风博深 
>邃的智学品格和学术精神在目前的三千多名教师和科研人 员中有教授866人副教授801人中国科学院院士中国工程院院士29人博士生导师530人 教授和博士生导师人数均 
>居全国高校首位成为全国高等院校中学科水平顶尖教育质量优秀国家重 点学科最多中国科学院院士居冠国际联系最为广泛的一所大学 许多国际著名的政治家社会活动家诺贝尔奖获 
>得者等各界知名人士都是今日北大的名誉博士或者 名誉教授在北大百年辉煌的记录中一代又一代学问风波人品崇高的老师培养了一代又一代好学深 思全面发展的学子白发的先生和 
>黑发的学子共同创造出了一项又一项高水平的科研成果百年来北 大培养出十几万学子其中许多人都成为卓有建树的专家学者领导干部这些优秀的人才为祖国的发 展与进步居功尽瘁 
> 呕心沥血在北大学习或者工作过的师生当中成为中国科学院和中国工程院院 士的就有近四百人从中国科学院学部委员到国务院学位委员会委员以及学科评议组成员包括国家 级有 
>突出贡献的中青年专家和许多合作教授与兼职教授使今日北大成为一座比大海还宽广比天空 还深邃的思想宝库 今日北大即人文科学社会科学自然科学工程技术科学管理科学教育科 
>学等多种学科为一身目前 已经拥有8个学院另外还有22个系87个本科生专业148个硕士生专业101个博士生专业 总计学生23900多人今日北大秉承蔡元培校长兼容并 
>包思想自由的办学原则吸纳各科学领域 的发展成绩为一流人才的成长提供了广阔的空间今日北大既真实传统又放眼未来面对瞬息万变的 现代社会今日北大积极推进教学改革对现在 
>开设的一千九百多门本科生课程和一千九百多门研究 生课程总计3800多门课程进行了梳理规范与合并并且有步骤地重点扶持一批机干课程 素质 课程和精品课程以淡化专业分 
>流培养为方针努力探索人才培养模式和途径本科生可以同时攻读主 修和辅修两个专业开办文科和理科综合试验班对优秀学生实施通才教育等等都是今日北大教育教 学改革的重要尝 
>试特别是邓小平理论课的开设受到学生们的好评今日北大正在逐步建立一个面向 21世纪的学科体系将展示出一个全新的教育格局 欲穷千里目更上一层楼穷心壮志的北大人准备再 
>创下个世纪的辉煌 从教学规模到教学环境今日北大都呈现出一种日新月异的态势一种朝气蓬勃的景象良好的教学设 施和先进的仪器设备作为现代化的教学条件成为今日北大教学环 
>境又一个最显著的方面北京大学 211工程首批建设36个项目其中学科建设21项基础教学建设13项从数学科学中心实验室 到现代化工实验室从多媒体制作实验室到文科计算 
>机教学实验室和理科危机实验室从电教语言教 室到视觉与听觉实验室从物理到化学从地理摇杆信息到环境污染与控制从生命科学与生物工程到 核物理与核技术突出优势与重点学科 
>优化与合理配置资源充分体现出国家把北京大学列为重中之 重 优先支持的宏伟构想通过这良好的教学环境和先进的教学条件可以看出国家创建世界一流大 学实施科教新国的战略 
>眼光从一定的意义上说它也代表了当前中国教育环境和教育条件的最高水 准 漫步渊源新与旧中国与西方历史与未来自然与人文奇迹般的水乳交融交融成一首悠扬的乐章交融 成一 
>幅绚丽的画卷交融成一篇婉转的诗歌美国友人艾德加斯诺说过这是世界上最美的校园小小的 卫明湖被北大师生当作海洋绕湖一周飞檐抖角尽入眼底小桥流水目不暇击燕园风景是所有 
>北大人 心灵深处永不褪色的一张老照片北大刚一成立的时候呢它就是就取代以前的进士制度就取代以前 的科举制度所以那时候有人就管北大叫做近视官我原来是燕京大学但是我的 
>老师之一引导我走上 现在道路的是北京大学毕业的北大是我一生理想的所在从很小的时候就希望能够长大以后到北大 读书我觉得这样一所学校确实是一个学习的理想之地北大的一 
>个卫面湖的灵气确实应用了一代的 学者和培养了一代的学子当时北大的传统就是说是最好的老师教基础课是我一年级三门主课就是 当时的一级教授江振寒先生到北大以后看到北大 
>许多有名的教授他们学诗声音深渊他们博学多才 他们的求学的精神给我也很大的影响不大的尊光你去识别虽然简单但是不大的教师教科都是非常 认真的可以说是北京大学把我推向 
>了世界舞台的因为我现在从事的是国际关系的教学和研究我们 这一百多年里头我们文史这各个系产生了一大批著名的学者或者是我们今天讲的大师吧我这一生 啊在北大我是四六年 
>来的到现在是五十二年超过半个世纪他们的工作手法他们的教育那个逆境的 态度他们对这个科研逆境的这种政气啊那种刻苦择念啊那种中文啊这个不大的校风非常好北京大 学的学 
>术气氛很浓而且不仅仅是浓北京大学的学术气氛是很自由虽然我是毕业在吉林大学但北大 待了43年自己感觉也是北大人是这块土地上很多上热情的手帮着我迈出了成长过程中非常 
>关键 的一步我去这深深地感觉到北京大学作为一所百年的老校确实有着它非常深厚的文化和科学的底 蕴当然北大也有压力这压力就来自于它是一个地中的很优秀的学者在这所以每 
>天都不敢放松自己 总觉得每天都觉得一种压力我毕业的那一年正是北京大学庆祝50周年我毕业了就留校工作到 现在呢就要庆祝一百周年了北大所学习成长战斗几乎可以这么说一 
>生将会成长 有乐家深的了解也会有乐家深的感情唯一的一个愿望就是怎么样北京大学扮成世界一路的一所社 会主义大学能够为实现中国科教新国的战略能够做出更大的贡献北大百 
>年孝兴之际一座雄伟古朴 的现代化多功能新图书馆又拔地而起迁就图书馆浑然一体新文化运动的倡导者胡适说过大学之大 一个重要标准是必须 我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出 
>我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我 可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出我可以想出 请不吝点赞 订阅 转发 打赏 支持明镜与点点栏 
>目在这座图书馆里年轻的学子们与不同时空的大师们精神沟通 心灵撞击中华 文明的精华 世界文明的精华如百川归大海在这里汹涌澎湃 北京大学的地质博物馆又是一个一彩分成 
>的世界采自全国各个省市自治区的岩石以及世界一些地 区的标本仿佛都在献身说法叙述着宇宙的形成和地球科学的发展几十年的辛勤积累两千多件展品 的丰厚管存使这里成为地质 
>教学与科研的重要设施而且也成为国际学术交流的重要场所几代北大 学者风里来雨里去的身影在这里定格几代帝制人的汗水在这里结晶 帝制博物馆珍藏了自然界的鬼斧神工考古与 
>艺术博物馆都展示了中国艺术的博大精深北京大学赛 克勒考古与艺术博物馆的藏品主要是中国旧石器时代至明清时期的历代文物以及中国考古学教学 和研究标本它是全国高校中最 
>大的考古及文物馆具有良好的教学条件和优越的学术环境博物馆与 西欧 俄罗斯 日本 韩国 印度等多次进行国际交流与世界考古教学和考古科研接轨 祖风流人物 环探今朝今 
>日北大有着自己新一代生机勃勃的学子除了书山有路 琴为镜学海无涯 苦作周的求学生活北大学生还拥有丰富多彩的课余生活北大校园的社团活动充满了盎然生机和青 春的活力精 
>彩分成的学术讲座充满智慧的演讲比赛百花齐放的文化节竞争激烈的体育竞技形成了 独特的校园文化现有的八十个学生社团无论在数量上还是在质量上都走在了高校前列校园文化的 
> 活跃发展不仅使学生从中获取了知识和技能而且在这个第二课堂中陶冶了勤操 磨练了意志 增 长了才干同时也体现了北大多学科环境给学生带来的积极影响鲜明的个性 特殊的 
>才华在北大都 能得到淋漓尽致的发挥 今日北大是开放的北大北大的留学生数量居全国高校之首来自五大洲四大洋的洋学生们无论是金 发碧眼的还是黑皮肤卷头发的全都深爱上了 
>这座校园留学生当中既有本科生又有进修生既有硕士 生又有博士生和研究学者从文科专业扩展到理科专业对于促进中外文化交流相互了解有着重要的 意义从文史哲到数理化甚至一 
>道包饺子都在外国留学生的学习课程中体现了今日北大的特色 今日北大的另一优势就是重点实验室的建设水平和整体规模目前全校总共拥有各类实验室116 个这其中国家重点实 
>验室和重点学科专业实验室共16个列有国家级工程研究中心两个这使今日 北大不仅成为中国重要的教育中心同时也使它成为中国重要的科学研究基地坚持理论与实践相结 合坚持 
>为经济建设中心服务在继续保持基础学科传统优势的同时着重发展应用研究特别是高科技 研究方面科研成果层出不穷许多方面都已经达到甚至超过国际先进水平 今日北大在文理科 
>研究方面都做出了重大贡献一本接一本的学术专注功课难关 填补空白从国家 科技进步奖到世界各种国际奖不仅写入了今日北大的史册也载入了人类科学与文明的史册 科技是第一 
>生产力科研成果转换成生产力在北大已经蔚然成分今日北大在校办高科技产业方面 已经形成了以学校雄厚的基础研究和硬研究为源头的产学研相结合的高科技产业格局不仅为北大  
>做出了重要贡献也为中国高科技产业的振兴走出了一条成功之路 与国际著名大学建立学术交流关系把高水平的外籍专家学者请进来有效地促进教学科研和学科的 发展这是今日北大 
>又一种开放式风范今从1996年到1997年北大就聘请来自19个国家和 地区的外国专家299人1997年北大主办协办的国际会议就达17次初期会议的境外学者6 34 
>人在国内外引起了广泛影响 今日北大是一所开放型的大学它隶俗中国放眼世界扎根历史 眺望未来北大已经与遍布全球的 140多所著名大学建立了校级关系进行了卓有成效的教 
>学与科研的合作互相促进 互相补充 互相学习双方都取得了长足的进步北大走向世界 世界关注北大北大是一部书从昨天翻到今天还 将从今天翻到明天每一页都记录下了北大人的 
>光荣每一页都记录下了北大人的骄傲每一行字里都 隐藏着动人的故事每一行字里都蕴含着美好的理想 北大属于中国北大属于世界古老而年轻的北京大学在它未来漫长的岁月里必将 
>为人类的文明做出 更加辉煌的共存 北京大学北京大学是中国人最优秀的大学我们的大学是中国人最优秀的大学北京大学是中国人最 优秀的大学我们的大学是中国人最优秀的大学 
>我们在北京大学不仅想向北京优秀但也想要提供 我们期待北京和麦吉尔在下来的年代进行更严谨的合作北京大学在这一年纪念100周年在它们 的分别历史上北京大学也是一个独 
>立的在中国的社会和政治进步中是一个非常重要的动力在中国 的社会和政治进步中北京大学成为了中国最高学府的中心学位在今年創立110年它是一个非常 重要的成果这是北京 
>大学的优秀在这一年来它成为了高中的目标 北京大学有深厚的中华文化传统办学一百年使固有的文化发扬光大它是一个地方在哪里有传统的 中华文化和现代的中国是更加密切的在 
>这一百年您的学校在世界上受到最高的关注是世界各地的 教育者和其他领导人所提供的对于北京大学的100周年庆祝我们非常重要地将这次的机会展示 在我们两个大学之间以继 
>续建立更强烈的关系我们将更深入地与北京大学的关系并且将更深入地 与 北京大学的关系两大学都会成为一个进步的基础我们希望 这次的一年这次的交易会继续发展北京大学的 
>学生和学生会有长久的生活在此时,我希望表达 我的信心和真实希望,在这一百年之内,我们将不但领导北京大学的影响,也将领导我们的心。 我祝你一切顺利,以你未来的工作 
>进行在下一个世纪。至于未来的事,重要的是不只是预测,而 是让它成功。进驻北京大学学术精进校运昌隆我希望 能够恭喜所有在北京大学和北京大学 的同志自己繼續發揮帶頭 
>作用從事科教新國的大業北京大學也為了一個大國的服務就像在印度它 也成為了一種國際發展的源頭我們在印度在4月4日在這重要的一天上來敬你北京大學的期待在 這個世紀中 
>我會在這裡乾杯乾杯 字幕志愿者 杨栋梁 字幕志愿者 杨栋梁 江泽民主席代表党中央国务院并以他个人的名义道会祝贺发表讲话中共中央总书记国家主席江泽 民在讲话中强调 
>指出北大在长期发展和斗争历程中形成的爱国进步民主科学的光荣传统显示的不 断钻研求实创新向上的优良学风生动的体现了中国人民自强不息开拓进取的民族精神也是北大永 保 
>生机的重要动力这种优良传统和精神动力要永远发扬光大江泽民说今天是五四青年节五四运动 的精神最根本的就是中华民族爱国主义精神当代中国的广大青年要继续继承和发扬五四 
>运动的光 荣传统努力担当起振兴中华的历史使命创造出无愧于时代和人民的业绩江泽民在讲话中向北大同 学和所有高等院校的大学生向全国各界青年提出了四点希望坚持学习科学 
>文化与加强思想修养的 统一坚持学习书本知识与投身社会实践的统一坚持实现自身价值与服务祖国人民的统一坚持树立 远大理想与进行艰苦奋斗的统一他说祖国的未来是无限美好 
>的青年的未来也是无限美好的祖国和 民族的希望寄托于青年希望广大青年和全国人民一道在党的基本理论和基本路线指引下同心同德 勇于开拓向着新世纪前进向着现代化的光辉目 
>标前进向着中华民族的伟大复兴前进教育部部长陈 志力宣读了教育部的贺信联合国秘书长安南也发来贺信他高度赞扬了北京大学对中国的科学文化 生活所产生的巨大影响大会开始 
>前江泽民等党和国家领导人还会见参加了庆祝大会的80多位海 外大学校长和著名科学家这是中央台报道的对于许多中国学子来说能考上北京大学是他们一生的 光荣今天4万多名 
>来自世界各地的北大毕业生代表聚集到他们梦中的母校用各种方式表达他们对 北大的眷恋之情所以今天的北大可以称得上是群贤必至 少长贤极请看记者所做的新闻特写 今天的北 
>京风和日丽 春风拂面北京大学校园里到处是一派喜气洋洋的气象卫明湖 武祠运动场 水塔 古朴典雅的西校门菜园培塑像等标志性景物都使北大校友们倍感亲切和激动 不少已经 
>年过半百的老校友还回忆起自己当年怀揣北大录取通知书第一次迈进北大校门时的情景 第一次见到北京大学的话就是就是 嗯 当然非常激动嗯 因为在我们那边好像说一个县城里 
>面 也没有一个县里面也没有一个考上北京大学的校友们面对自己上过课的教室读过书的图书馆锻炼 身体的操场当年的学习生活似乎历历在目给我印象最深刻的 排队到图书馆抢位 
>子有时候那个 赶紧的有时候那个位子抢不上就拿那个书包在外面排队当年我们都是18岁的小孩子到这来之后 抱着对北大的渴求最高学府都想好好学可是我们刚一做实验的时候就 
>背手背脚的老师还批评我们 北大台湾校友会平均年龄近70岁许多人是带病专程来参加百年校庆的自己也感觉到很想念很想 念回来但是我们现在有的同学已经腿了腿不能动了有的 
>躺在那里我们来的时候他们就很羡慕我说 你们可以去了北大的一切都值得每一个北大人怀念而最不能让所有北大人忘怀的是北京大学爱国 进步民主科学的传统以及自由浓厚的学术 
>风气还有勤奋严谨求实创新的校训北大年届九十的著名 哲学家张代年和著名语言学家纪宪林已经伴随北大走过半个多世纪的风雨历程随北大这几十年来 有一个特点就是常常是开风 
>气之先能够开风气这根本就是在追求真理研究学问方面能够提出新的 观点新的见解来我们无论研究学术无论干什么最后目的是振兴中华张阳是北大年龄最小的大学生 今年还未满1 
>4岁从一进校我就深深地感受到北大科学民主的优良传统这些都是我们应该学习和 继承的 这是中央台报道的最早被称为京师大学堂的北京大学从1898年创办到今天已经整整走 
>过了 一个世纪的风雨历程现在我们就一起来回顾北大100年北京大学是中国历史最悠久的大学,创 立于1898年,出名京师大学堂,它是务虚维新运动的产物,也是中国近代 
>第一所由中央政府 创办的国立综合性大学。1912年5月,京师大学堂改名为北京大学,严复为北京大学首任校 长。1916年12月,著名的民主主义革命家、教育家和思想 
>家蔡元培,被任命为北京大学校 长。上任后,他提出《寻思想自由原则,取兼容并包主义的办学方针先后聘请了陈独秀 李大钊 鲁迅 钱玄同胡适 马寅初 马旭伦 李四光 温 
>文浩 蒋孟林等一大批著名学者和具有革新思 想的人到北大任教北京大学几乎集中了当时国内所有的一流学者使北大民主思想 科学思想和 自由研究之风十分浓厚随即成为中国新 
>文化运动的中心是五四爱国运动的发祥地在反帝反封建的 爱国运动中他始终走在最前列到1919年北大拥有数学 物理 化学 地质中文 英文 经济 法律等14个系2000 
>多名学生是当时中国规模最大的高等学府同年鲁迅为北大设计了校徽校 徽体现了北大以人为本的精神1935年北大投身到由共产党领导的129运动中去为推动抗日 民族统一战 
>线的建立发挥了作用1937年抗日战争爆发北京大学和清华大学南开大学南迁云南 昆明组成国立西南联合大学坚持教学和科学研究培养出一大批杰出人才抗战胜利后1946年北 
> 京大学复校胡适任北京大学校长1949年中华人民共和国成立1951年马寅初被任命为新 中国北京大学第一任校长经过近半个世纪的建设北京大学成为一所拥有自然科学、工 
>程技术科 学、人文科学、社会科学、管理科学、教育科学、语言科学、医学等多种学科的综合性大学。 1958年北大成立了中国第一个原子能系,为中国国防科技事业培养了一 
>批骨干人才,特别是 为中国原子弹氢弹的成功爆破做出了重大贡献。1960年至1965年由北大化学系和中国科 学院有关研究所合作在世界上第一次人工合成牛乙岛素标志着 
>人类在探索生命奥秘的科学研究中 跨出了重要一步1974年北京大学又研制成功中国第一台百万次电子计算机80年代北大又研 制开发出计算机机关汉字编辑排版系统使汉字印 
>刷业告别千与火的历史步入光与电的时代被誉为 中国印刷业的第二次革命目前北京大学共有8个学院和23个系87个学士专业149个硕士专 业101个博士专业52个研究所 
>63个研究中心2个国家级工程研究中心11个国家重点实验 室4个国家重点学科专业实验室有中科院和中国工程院院士30人第三世界科学院院士3人教授 814人包括博士生 
>导师530人北大的中科院院士 博士生导师 教授的数量均居全国高校首 位目前北大有在校生2.4万人还有来自世界上70多个国家和地区的外国留学生2000多人 建校1 
>00年以来北京大学共培养毕业生近13万人勤奋 严谨 求实 创新是北京大学的校训 这是中央台报道的作为北大校庆系列活动之一北京大学星纪念雕塑揭幕仪式今天在北京大学 
>举行 经国际小天体命名委员会批准由北京天文台研究员北京大学天体物理专业校友陈建生院士领导的 观测宇宙学课题组发现了一颗小行星被命名为北京大学星以一所大学的名字来 
>命名天体物质这在 我国天文史上还是第一次为庆祝北京大学建校100周年国家邮政总局今天发行北京大学建校一 百年纪念邮票一枚这枚纪念邮票以北京大学百年历程中具有代表 
>意义的京师大学堂张城 沙滩红 楼燕园西校门三组画面为图案生动体现了北京大学诞生崛起和发展壮大的不同历史阶段展现了北 京大学光荣的革命传统和优良的学术传统为配合这 
>枚纪念邮票的发行国家邮政总局还同时发行了 成了首日封 纪念封和极限明信片这是中央台报道的另外亚洲最大的大学图书馆北京大学图书馆 新馆揭幕仪式今天在北京大学举行北 
>京大学图书馆是收藏文献最多的大学图书馆现有藏书445 万册这次新图书馆的建成使北大图书馆成为亚洲最大的大学图书馆总面积达到5.2万平方米总 藏书容量超过700万 
>册月览座位5000个新馆造型设计采用了北大燕园固有的民族化建筑风 格内部采用计算机网络系统光盘数据存储及检索服务系统数字通信和音像设备自动化安全监控等 先进技术 
>据了解北京大学新图书馆是由香港的李嘉诚先生捐资1000万美元建造的这是中央台 报道的 今天是五四青年节为了纪念伟大的五四运动79周年全国各地各集团组织连日来举行 
>了形式多样 的纪念活动天安门广场人民英雄纪念碑前北京青年继承五四光荣传统做跨世纪四友新人主题团会 在雄壮的国歌声中拉开帷幕一万名新团员面对鲜红的团旗庄严宣誓在福 
>州 在西宁正值18岁青 春年华的青年学生也在今天庄严宣誓步入成人行列在山城重庆近万名团员青年在歌乐山烈士陵园 举行高举伟大旗帜奔向新世纪逝世大会来自广东江西四川 
>重庆等地的81对新婚夫妇则在重庆 人民广场举行了集体婚礼81对新人还在珊瑚公园种下了一棵棵爱情长青树大连是青少年情绪五 次青春作伴爱洒绿地文明护律活动在青年节期 
>间再现高潮据了解目前大连市已有30多万名青年 加入了文明护律行列昨晚数百名外来亲工相聚在广东青年文化广场欣赏了广州乐团为他们献上的 节日礼物交响音乐会广东省同创 
>文明共享欢乐为主题的服务外来亲工系列文化活动也同时拉开帷 幕连日来上海 河南 山西 吉林甘肃、陕西、山东、江苏、四川、广西、深圳等地的团组织纷 纷开展了为下岗职 
>工办实事帮助下岗职工掌握一技之长的系列服务活动香港青年联会 您好观众朋友欢迎收看中国报道今天也就是5月4号是北京大学100周年校庆日这意味着中国 现代高等教育有 
>了一百年的历史今天早上国家主席江泽民在人民大会堂北京大学校庆庆典上发表 了重要讲话首先请看记者的报道今天上午十点北京大学一百周年校庆庆典在人民大会堂举行庆典 的 
>会场选择在人民大会堂以及江泽民 朱镕基 李鹏 李瑞环等中国最高层领导人的出席使得北 大的校庆意义再次升级校庆成为真正意义上党和国家的大事可容纳八千人的会场里气氛 
>极为热烈 北大校长陈嘉尔中国教育部部长陈之力牛津大学校长清华大学校长及北大学生代表分别做了讲话 联合国秘书长安南向大会发来了贺信衷心祝福与警国同呼吸共命令风雨同 
>行的步校永老青春最后 江泽民主席发表了重要讲话 在国教导的科学知识是第一次必须尊重知识 尊重人才江泽民主席在报告中指出全党全社会要高 度重视知识创新人才开发对经 
>济发展社会进步的重要作用使科教新国真正成为全民族的广泛共识 和实际行动而在此之前的4月29日江泽民主席还特地来到了北京大学考察近三个小时用他自己 的话说他虽然会 
>参加今天在人民大会堂举行的庆典但是他还是应该亲自到北大看一看给北大的校 庆增添一点气氛这三个小时使飞飞续续中的北大沸腾起来北大的此次校庆活动成为北大发展的 一个 
>重要契机也成为国家再次强调重视教育的一个机会在北大江主席参观了一些教研设施并在热 烈亲切的气氛中与北大师生代表进行了座谈他还兴致勃勃地来到了学生食堂同正在就餐的 
>学生亲 切握手交谈声 掌声 笑声 问候声交织在了一起北大的校庆活动提前进入了高潮为了参加这次 校庆活动许多校友从各地赶来了他们把参加这次校庆活动作为了解北大 了 
>解中国的一个机会5 月2号凌晨一辆从深圳发来的专列已经到达了北京现在出航空港的是从旧金山飞来的80名校友 大家想到那么多人千里回来呢因为我们热爱北大我们热爱我们 
>的母校我们认为我们之所以有今天 也是北大培育的结果据估计今天共有4万校友回到母校校园内总人数超过7万北大周边主要交通 干线进行了交通管制但是数天以来仍造成了严重 
>的交通堵塞北大四周的宾馆饭店早在数月前便 已经预定额满校园内一片喜庆气氛各系都组织了校友聚会而在新建的图书馆前留念成了最受人们 欢迎的活动你今天穿上特别鲜艳的红 
>衣谢谢 因为校庆啊我觉得这个是喜庆洋洋的一些大事情北 大一百周年我们都非常非常高兴40年没有见面的老同学握在一起的手久久没有分开回到我们 40年前同学的那种情况 
>了所以感到特别高兴那您今天回到校园里你觉得有什么变化吗变化很大 我在北大待了20年从50年到73年我感到我经常回北大来我们同学也经常聚会但是北大天天 都有变化日 
>新月异的变化所以我经常拍活花也是为了反映北大的美北大人的精神许多校友在返校 时都带来了他们的孩子我想就是让我的孩子体验一下我们下层这种龙号的气氛就是说这种传统这 
> 一次这个本年小庆这个去隆重的程度我们原来也没有想到没想到会这么隆重这个说明北大还是 很有前途觉得40年前的学生和现在的学生有什么区别我想还是有区别我想从这个用 
>功这个一样 的但现在的学生显然比过去的学生更开放思想更活跃眼界更宽阔我想这个跟整个我们国家整个时 代都是合拍的你觉得再过十年北大会变成什么样我想再过十年北大按照 
>我们的目标来讲当然要变 成世界的第一流的大学我想我们再过十年以后我们北大的学术水平会进一步的提高跟国际能够相 比同时我们在世界上可能影响就更大引人注意的是北大这 
>次校庆最主要的组成部分是16个国际 学术研讨会这意味着北大在新的历史发展时期将更注重培养人才与提高学术水平以达到北大提出 的在下一世纪成为世界一流大学的目标北京 
>大学已经有了100年的历史从这一点上来说北大是 古老的但是在采访中我们发现几乎每一位回到燕园的校友都会告诉你北大在发生着巨大的变化从 这一点来说北大又是长新的事 
>实上北大就像中国教育的一面镜子在悠远古老的中国文明中不断地 前进发展着中国报道记者张全林在北京大学报道 观众朋友北京大学校长陈嘉尔是北大第29任校长在他的任期内 
>他迎来了北大的第100个生日 也将面临世纪之交的高等教育改革这一切将使他成为北大历史上不平凡的一位校长今天他接受了 我们中国报道记者的专访4月29号的早上江主席 
>到北大进行了近三个小时的参观那么一个非常 重要的一个国家元首他到北大来进行参观我觉得这还是第一次那么他是不是对北大有所偏爱我想 江志学之所以到北大来当然一方面他 
>自己讲了他跟同学讲了他说我是来跟大家同庆北大的百周年 这江志学自己讲的但是我想就不是对北大的偏爱而是体现了江志学对于教育对于人才的高度的重 视体现了我们国家实施 
>科教新国战略这样一个高章远足的英明的阶层那么这次江主席走进燕园 包括一些像全世界的校长论坛这样大型的一些活动已经使这次北大的校庆不简单是一个学校的校 庆这样一个 
>程度了那么我想北大它能有今天历史上这么高的地位我们可能马上就会想起比如说五 四运动新文化运动那么它始终和国家的命运是紧紧联系在一起的那么现在在一个政治相对稳定经 
> 济大力发展的一个情况下北大要树立一个什么样的新的形象我记得美国的一个著名教育家叫杜威 有句话他说如果要比起校长来讲是蔡元飞先生领导的北大要比任何其他一所学校对 
>一个国家的影 响要大得多所以他当时给了陈建平一个很高的评价那么我想这是江主席对我们北大百中研他有个 提词他提词的内容就是说要发扬爱国进步科学民主的光荣传统为振兴 
>中华做出更大的贡献这个既 是对我们北大精神的一个肯定又是对我们提出的一个要求所以现在在一个新的时期改革开放要建 设一个中国特色的社会主义建设现代化的一个繁荣富强 
>的国家那么我们北京大学更应该本着这样 的精神来发展我们的高等教育培养高速度的人才在学术上能够有更大的建树我们北京大学把自己 的目标定为在下一世纪要成为世界的一流 
>大学之一也就是所谓的World Major University那么如果从这样的要求来衡量的话我觉得我们首先在人才培养基础人才 方面要下功夫我们过去北京大学培养 
>了一大批 很有贡献的人像您了解的蒋祖英您刚才提到了蒋祖英我想人们在想起他的时候首先想到的不是他 在学术上的能力而是他的那种奉献于科学的精神那么您觉得今天的学生在 
>北大校园里仍然能学到 这些东西吗这样一个奉献的精神始终是北京大学学生所引以为荣的另外从学校来讲,我们感觉到 更需要把专业的教育跟人文素质的教育,或者叫通识教育, 
>有的人叫liberal education,把它结合在一起。就是什么意思呢就是不能光有专业的知识专业的知识是 需要的但是呢还需要有人文的好的素养所以我们学校里边 
>文科的学生要学习自然科学理科的学生 要学中文要学中国同时我们就希望通过这个办法能够把学生的人才的素养提高那么我们知道在北 大的历史上出过非常多的名校长比如说颜福 
> 蔡元培这样的校长那么您觉得也许再过一百年人们 总会怎么来评价您这位校长和您任期内的这一段北大历史我当然是非常敬佩蔡元培校长还有好多 我的前任包括像马英初校长也 
>好周老爷也好等等我自问自己我的能力很有限我的知识水平也很有 限 但是我想你可能知道北京大学是有一次非常优秀的教师队伍我们有世界一类的学生所以把我有限 的能力跟他 
>们结合在一起这个力量就是不可估量的了为搬成世界一流的大学今午的力量来打好基 础所以我们首先要按照国家的口交信仰的战略进行教育的改革这个就包括一个是我方才提到的要 
> 进行使得学生他的整个的人文的素质思想道德科学文化素养要提高另外一方面呢要充分利用北京 大学学科期权技术理论墙教学研究精密结合跟国际交流比较充分这样的条件能够促 
>进东方西方文 化的教会出进人文科学跟自然科学的结合创造一个宽松的学术研究的环节观众朋友现在在我们节 目播出的同时北大校庆的晚会正在宴园内进行北大校园内仍充满了热 
>烈的气氛刚才我们的记者从 北大打电话回来说许多校友今天将留在校园彻夜长谈而北大办公楼礼堂前已经汇集了一群学生 因为明天上午四位得过诺贝尔奖的华人科学家将在这里进 
>行演讲而许多想参与的学生们还没有得 到入场券观众朋友明天我们将对这场演讲会进行报道今天的中国报道节目就到这里结束了感谢您 的收看明天的同一时间再见 中国中央电视 
>台国际频道每晚9点30分首播中央电视台第二号节目每晚11点13分重播 PK学校是中国第一个学校它在14月14日1902年中国国际上学生的联系在1904年学 校派 
>出了中国的第一班学生来读外国在2月1920年学校也派出了中国女性同学的教育除了这 些派出的努力学校也作为国家社会进展的在1919年,《美国四周年》是由大学开始的 
>,是 中国的最早的基础为卫生和科学思想的执行,并且是中国的传统思想。很多影响力的人物,例如 陈独秀、李大钊和毛泽东,是中国共产党的创始人,还有陆迅,一位写家曾经 
>在大学教授或执行 工作国家的进步没有过多深入的在过去一百年来,大学的历史反映了中国的宗教传统而这种关注 的国家,一直继续在发生陈正亮,大学总理是大学的主要目标所 
>有学生 特别是学生他们总是把 我们国家的未来当作自己的未来这是一个非常重要的心理大学的最大特点是同样的重点在科学和 自由艺术上北京大学应该继续发展自由艺术以致更 
>多的贡献说了老师叶朗我们现在的社会中很多 问题很多社会问题现在的社会问题不能够解决单纯从科技和科技上而是从社会和人文学上在这 方面北京大学的自由艺术学院的富有传 
>统将承担强大的职位北京大学从1949年开始担任了超 过80,000的学生很多人都成为了中国的各种发展的在这两年之内,学校在国际和省市层层 上完成了1900多项研 
>究。在中国的历史中,北京大学有着特别的位置。当国家进入新一年, 北京大学将以传统价值和新的精神来进行更多的进展。刘昌英,CCTV News,北京。土 耳其大学的 
>百年史今天的学生为国家的传统驱动展示了他们的支持陈晨有更多一座北京大学在6 月30日早上举行的五星红旗北京大学的学生说土耳其的土耳其文化运动 民主 和科学是在大 
> 学中的两种例子他说学生们想表达他们的深刻土耳其感觉在这样的庆祝中星期六庆祝准备两个月 前一群选择学生被送到天安门国际兵团以实施军事训练利用 Arena mor 
>tal审理report 结 果 世界北京大学的共产党总裁说特别关注的就是与习近平的教育有关他说1990年代习近平的教 育取得了新的意义这让我们需要新的教育提供不 
>同于以前的教育他说他希望学生们会继续持续学 校的习近平传统 陈晨,CCTV News在全亞各地的大堂書館中佈置了超過4500個書館並佈置了7萬多 本書新的書館是 
>配備最進步的電子機器和電腦網絡另外 書館的管理中也使用了多媒 體系統 请不吝点赞 订阅 转 发 打赏支持明镜与点点栏目 
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+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_a_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_a_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6dab30e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_a_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1394 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:02.560 --> 00:03.780 +Tanya Cushman Reviewer's Tanya Cushman + +00:03.780 --> 00:06.040 +Reviewer's Tanya Cushman ...tonight and + +00:06.040 --> 00:07.800 +that's the opening. The opening is for me + +00:07.800 --> 00:09.940 +saying I'm the person who normally + +00:09.940 --> 00:13.200 +introduces the speaker, who introduces the + +00:13.200 --> 00:16.660 +evening speaker. But tonight we really + +00:16.660 --> 00:19.300 +have no speaker. So the first thing I + +00:19.300 --> 00:21.820 +wanted to ask you is to help me welcome + +00:21.820 --> 00:24.180 +Mrs. Pina Bausch and the dancers. + +00:46.300 --> 00:48.700 +Now, as you imagine, although my friend + +00:48.700 --> 00:50.100 +Jeffrey Schnapp is standing here, I'm + +00:50.100 --> 00:51.540 +standing here, we are not going to do the + +00:51.540 --> 00:56.680 +performance tonight. Maybe next time. So + +00:56.680 --> 00:58.480 +Matthias Schmigel from the Tanztheater + +00:58.480 --> 01:00.840 +will introduce the dancers of the + +01:00.840 --> 01:03.700 +Tanztheater to you. Good evening, thank + +01:03.700 --> 01:06.340 +you very much. First I will start with + +01:06.340 --> 01:08.240 +Julie Shanahan from Australia. + +01:14.680 --> 01:17.360 +Juliana Arante from Brazil. + +01:23.920 --> 01:32.100 +Rafael Delonay from France, Fernando + +01:32.100 --> 01:38.660 +Suell from Venezuela, and + +01:38.660 --> 01:40.540 +the one in charge of our our music, + +01:40.760 --> 01:42.240 +Matthias Burckert from Germany. + +01:47.080 --> 01:49.180 +See, now you know that part of the reason + +01:49.180 --> 01:50.880 +to organize tonight's event was to show + +01:50.880 --> 01:53.220 +you what a multicultural country Germany + +01:53.220 --> 01:55.960 +is, especially Wuppertal. This is truly + +01:55.960 --> 02:00.400 +amazing. Talking of which, this is a very + +02:00.400 --> 02:03.420 +special event also to give thank you to + +02:03.420 --> 02:05.680 +President Kasper, not only for his + +02:05.680 --> 02:07.360 +continued support, now that we enter the + +02:07.360 --> 02:10.080 +final stretch of the early round of the + +02:10.080 --> 02:12.800 +Presidential Lectures and Symposia. I need + +02:12.800 --> 02:15.140 +to say tonight that, Pina, I think that's + +02:15.140 --> 02:17.300 +true. We wouldn't have gotten you without + +02:17.300 --> 02:19.480 +Gerhard's intervention. And there's a + +02:19.480 --> 02:22.080 +secret, because President Kasper and Pina + +02:22.080 --> 02:24.300 +Bausch are both members of the highest + +02:24.300 --> 02:26.040 +order, one of the highest orders of the + +02:26.040 --> 02:28.060 +Federal Republic of Germany, the Puhle + +02:28.060 --> 02:30.120 +Merit. So this is for the two Puhle Merit + +02:30.120 --> 02:30.820 +prize-takers. + +02:38.100 --> 02:39.860 +And I wouldn't want to miss the + +02:39.860 --> 02:41.640 +opportunity to briefly, briefly announce + +02:41.640 --> 02:45.200 +our other events of this artsy program in + +02:45.200 --> 02:48.480 +the fall of this academic year. Our next + +02:48.480 --> 02:50.180 +event will be a colloquium, humanities, + +02:50.420 --> 02:53.600 +social sciences, and law on the topic past + +02:53.600 --> 02:55.560 +dependencies and that will take place in + +02:55.560 --> 02:58.080 +the law school on November 5th, Friday, + +02:58.260 --> 03:01.280 +and November November 6th, a Saturday, and + +03:01.280 --> 03:02.860 +there will be, because this is the Artsy + +03:02.860 --> 03:05.800 +Fall, a piano recital by Charles Rosen on + +03:05.800 --> 03:08.620 +the evening of Friday. The following event + +03:08.620 --> 03:10.480 +is just the following Monday, November + +03:10.480 --> 03:13.240 +8th. This will be a lecture in our lecture + +03:13.240 --> 03:15.080 +series of the art historian Svetlana + +03:15.080 --> 03:19.660 +Alpers. And finally, on November 29th, + +03:19.660 --> 03:22.020 +again a Monday, in Kresge Auditorium, + +03:22.020 --> 03:24.660 +we'll have a bilingual poetry reading by + +03:24.660 --> 03:28.660 +the great Chinese poet Bei Dao and by his + +03:28.660 --> 03:31.140 +translator and friend Elliot Weinberger. + +03:31.380 --> 03:33.380 +So we'll have poems in Mandarin and poems + +03:33.380 --> 03:35.780 +in English and the next day as always + +03:35.780 --> 03:38.840 +there will be ample opportunity for + +03:38.840 --> 03:43.800 +discussion. Now I was saying that I was + +03:43.800 --> 03:45.840 +not introducing a person who's introducing + +03:45.840 --> 03:48.900 +Pina Bausch because so many people we know + +03:48.900 --> 03:50.700 +it from the hits counted have seen the + +03:50.700 --> 03:52.940 +website but I would like to inform you + +03:52.940 --> 03:55.720 +briefly what we have planned tonight. In a + +03:55.720 --> 03:57.280 +minute, in literally a minute, Pina Bausch + +03:57.280 --> 03:59.760 +will take over and lead you into the dance + +03:59.760 --> 04:01.540 +rehearsal. And the very exciting thing for + +04:01.540 --> 04:03.000 +us is we have no clue what's going to + +04:03.000 --> 04:06.140 +happen. It's going to be great, no doubt + +04:06.140 --> 04:09.220 +about it. After an hour or so, Pina Bausch + +04:09.220 --> 04:11.820 +will ask my colleague and friend Jeffrey + +04:11.820 --> 04:13.980 +Schnap, the Rossetti Professor of Italian + +04:13.980 --> 04:15.720 +Literature and Comparative Literature, + +04:15.740 --> 04:17.120 +that's not the official title but I want + +04:17.120 --> 04:20.840 +to say it's complete too, and he will then + +04:20.840 --> 04:22.700 +have a discussion, conduct a discussion + +04:22.700 --> 04:25.480 +with Pina and with the dancers and we will + +04:25.480 --> 04:29.420 +soon open up to the floor. And then at 9 o + +04:29.420 --> 04:32.260 +'clock sharp, more or less sharp, we will + +04:32.260 --> 04:34.280 +have on behalf of President Kasper a + +04:34.280 --> 04:36.220 +reception here in the courtyard of Roble + +04:36.220 --> 04:39.280 +and that is definitely a reception for + +04:39.280 --> 04:41.820 +everybody. So we really have to help us to + +04:41.820 --> 04:44.680 +eliminate, to delete all the food which + +04:44.680 --> 04:47.260 +will be out there at 9 o'clock. So thanks + +04:47.260 --> 04:49.160 +again for coming and Pina we are so much + +04:49.160 --> 04:49.620 +looking forward. + +05:02.640 --> 05:09.740 +Oh yes. Good evening. I'm very very happy + +05:09.740 --> 05:15.280 +and honored to be here at Stanford and I + +05:15.280 --> 05:17.360 +like to thank very much for this wonderful + +05:17.360 --> 05:17.860 +invitation. + +05:21.370 --> 05:23.560 +For me it's very difficult because usually + +05:24.520 --> 05:27.360 +I have not much work because what I have + +05:27.360 --> 05:30.160 +to say I usually try to do with my works + +05:30.160 --> 05:36.180 +on the stage. And so it was not possible + +05:36.180 --> 05:38.620 +to do here performance because we are on + +05:38.620 --> 05:40.400 +tour, we are in the moment in Berkeley. + +05:40.400 --> 05:44.160 +And then I thought maybe it would be very + +05:44.160 --> 05:50.480 +nice to just show a bit of the work. And I + +05:50.480 --> 05:56.380 +thought about the Rite of Spring from Igor + +05:56.380 --> 05:56.940 +Stravinsky. + +06:00.220 --> 06:06.120 +This is the part of the chosen one, the + +06:06.120 --> 06:11.620 +end of this work. and it's a chosen one, + +06:11.740 --> 06:16.780 +so it's the girl who has to dance till she + +06:16.780 --> 06:22.320 +dies, actually. So, we are not prepared at + +06:22.320 --> 06:27.460 +all. It's really something we didn't... I + +06:27.460 --> 06:30.220 +told them yesterday, kind of, what we're + +06:30.220 --> 06:35.460 +going to do. and Ruthie, she did it + +06:35.460 --> 06:39.060 +actually many times in the choreography. + +06:40.100 --> 06:42.460 +Rafaela has learned it two, three years + +06:42.460 --> 06:45.060 +ago, but she never danced it. Julie + +06:45.060 --> 06:47.580 +touched it once a little bit. And + +06:47.580 --> 06:50.920 +Fernando, I also like to do it. Usually + +06:50.920 --> 06:54.860 +it's a woman who is doing that. He never + +06:54.860 --> 06:58.720 +did it, but they always see it. they see + +06:58.720 --> 07:00.780 +it many times because usually when this + +07:00.780 --> 07:04.600 +dance happens the other people are all + +07:04.600 --> 07:07.660 +there, they watch how that happens. So I + +07:07.660 --> 07:11.380 +thought maybe I want to do something too, + +07:11.480 --> 07:14.400 +I thought maybe it's nice to do a little + +07:14.400 --> 07:16.740 +work with them and that's why they are not + +07:16.740 --> 07:18.500 +prepared otherwise I have nothing to do. + +07:20.520 --> 07:25.340 +But to have just a little bit the idea of + +07:25.340 --> 07:28.460 +it Maybe it's a little bit difficult for + +07:28.460 --> 07:31.580 +Ruchi, but maybe the best is once like + +07:31.580 --> 07:36.800 +easily, because it's hard. Maybe she can + +07:36.800 --> 07:39.140 +show once a dance, and then we do piece by + +07:39.140 --> 07:40.580 +piece, work a little bit on it. + +08:21.160 --> 08:24.920 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +08:54.080 --> 08:55.480 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +09:24.080 --> 09:25.480 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +09:54.080 --> 09:55.480 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +10:24.080 --> 10:25.480 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +10:54.080 --> 10:55.480 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +11:24.080 --> 11:25.480 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +11:54.040 --> 11:55.440 +¶¶ + +12:23.680 --> 12:25.080 +¶¶ + +12:53.220 --> 12:54.080 +¶¶ + +13:17.040 --> 13:19.700 +Usually it's, of course, without + +13:19.700 --> 13:23.000 +preparation and without the peace when + +13:23.000 --> 13:24.760 +that happened, it's also it's a little + +13:24.760 --> 13:28.780 +complicated and usually the it's a yeah + +13:28.780 --> 13:31.340 +it's about the earth about the spring and + +13:31.340 --> 13:33.220 +usually when they dance it it's in the + +13:33.220 --> 13:35.320 +earth and when they fall it's the whole + +13:35.320 --> 13:37.120 +thing is very different because you never + +13:37.120 --> 13:39.780 +have a floor like this the dancing and the + +13:39.780 --> 13:44.460 +earth so that's very different thank you + +13:44.460 --> 13:48.840 +so okay + +13:48.840 --> 13:53.700 +Okay, we start a little bit. You must just + +13:53.700 --> 13:54.500 +a little bit help. + +14:02.340 --> 14:05.480 +We take the first bit, a little marking. + +14:05.660 --> 14:07.320 +You remember the... + +14:09.540 --> 14:11.960 +They all go away. Please come here. + +14:17.660 --> 14:19.480 +I don't want to dance, you should dance. + +14:22.120 --> 14:24.060 +You know the movement, you know this one, + +14:24.080 --> 14:25.720 +because many things in the choreography, + +14:26.000 --> 14:27.720 +they are also in different ways, different + +14:27.720 --> 14:29.820 +combinations, so it's not so new, the + +14:29.820 --> 14:32.800 +step. You have this one, only without + +14:32.800 --> 14:36.720 +the... And this, and this with head down. + +14:36.920 --> 14:40.480 +And then the weight, and we go back. And + +14:40.480 --> 14:42.080 +again. + +14:44.240 --> 14:50.340 +And with looking. And go back again. And + +14:50.340 --> 14:52.940 +you have heard me wrote this. + +14:54.620 --> 14:58.160 +The third time. The third time, only till + +14:58.160 --> 15:01.280 +here. Yeah, only till here. Here, then + +15:01.280 --> 15:09.400 +here, here, down, + +15:10.200 --> 15:21.180 +down, down, up, down, down, up. And, oh, + +15:21.280 --> 15:27.760 +I'm sorry. Sorry. I'm sorry, yeah. One + +15:27.760 --> 15:31.900 +more time. And this. + +15:35.160 --> 15:39.760 +One more. And like you're getting yourself + +15:39.760 --> 15:41.120 +and then up. + +15:46.840 --> 15:50.300 +Changing direction. One more. + +15:54.680 --> 16:04.080 +Not much. Okay. Okay. Okay, yeah. Oh, it's + +16:04.080 --> 16:09.600 +down, the accent is always . The accent is + +16:09.600 --> 16:13.140 +down. And right away. + +16:17.940 --> 16:19.260 +With looking. + +16:22.940 --> 16:25.100 +Third time. Okay. + +16:30.060 --> 16:39.700 +And up and again this one, like this. + +16:46.860 --> 16:53.980 +It's like so. You go here and then you + +16:53.980 --> 16:56.980 +take it from here, you squeeze, you take + +16:56.980 --> 16:59.400 +it out here like this. Out and it's like + +16:59.400 --> 17:03.040 +you hit. No, no. You take it out and it's + +17:03.040 --> 17:07.340 +like you're hitting yourself. and then and + +17:07.340 --> 17:11.860 +then and then and then and then and then + +17:12.920 --> 17:15.800 +and then and then back and then change + +17:19.440 --> 17:22.180 +maybe we mark it a few times and we just + +17:22.180 --> 17:25.560 +hear it with the music just marking yeah + +17:25.560 --> 17:25.960 +Matthias? + +17:29.480 --> 17:31.900 +without the fall without the fall in the + +17:31.900 --> 17:32.140 +beginning + +18:04.180 --> 18:04.400 +Not much yet. + +18:08.520 --> 18:13.000 +Just that you know with the music. Easy. + +18:14.080 --> 18:14.900 +Not too much. + +18:41.460 --> 18:44.680 +Okay, okay, okay. Okay. Okay. + +18:49.140 --> 18:54.740 +Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. + +18:59.300 --> 19:04.980 +Okay. da da da, da da da, only below. da + +19:04.980 --> 19:09.400 +da da, and you have this arm, this arm, + +19:09.560 --> 19:15.940 +and you put together, so, round together, + +19:17.160 --> 19:21.980 +oh, microphone, and like a curve, like a + +19:21.980 --> 19:26.040 +curve back. Can you show it again please? + +19:32.060 --> 19:35.940 +Just a little bit. Just that. Yeah. + +19:46.780 --> 19:50.160 +This like a circle. Like make a circle. + +19:55.520 --> 20:01.380 +Yeah, and yeah, + +20:01.560 --> 20:07.340 +okay, then from here, you have with the + +20:07.340 --> 20:09.520 +leg, I do without the leg, you have this + +20:09.520 --> 20:14.560 +arm. From here, you go here with the leg + +20:14.560 --> 20:19.040 +up, up, and this. Oops, it's my + +20:19.040 --> 20:25.500 +microphone. Here. So here, like to cover + +20:25.500 --> 20:28.620 +yourself, and then it's like, yeah, da, + +20:28.880 --> 20:32.640 +da, yeah, da, da, yeah. And then you have + +20:32.640 --> 20:34.880 +the music when you have some music, da + +20:34.880 --> 20:41.520 +-hum, again, da-da, hum, hum. Yeah. So, + +20:41.700 --> 20:42.140 +again. + +21:12.640 --> 21:15.580 +In the music you have to hear it. It's + +21:15.580 --> 21:19.500 +over the music. There's a certain sound + +21:19.500 --> 21:23.420 +you do. Up, down, down, down, up, arm. + +21:27.640 --> 21:28.160 +Again. + +21:35.480 --> 21:37.660 +Wait, let's do it again. Again without. + +21:38.900 --> 21:42.100 +Yes, that's just small, it takes a little + +21:42.100 --> 21:44.180 +time. It's small, yes. + +21:47.320 --> 21:48.840 +Yes, with the head, head. + +21:57.340 --> 22:00.100 +That's one passé, yes. Not too diagonally, + +22:00.120 --> 22:04.520 +a little flatter. A little flatter. + +22:07.780 --> 22:11.620 +up and then somebody takes you here on the + +22:11.620 --> 22:17.000 +wrist yes and that is like quick no not + +22:17.000 --> 22:20.080 +looking up but looking yes like you cover + +22:20.080 --> 22:23.440 +yourself you protect yourself yes and then + +22:23.440 --> 22:25.120 +you go in all directions like fighting + +22:25.120 --> 22:28.660 +like like this yeah and then music is like + +22:28.660 --> 22:32.160 +up down down down up arm + +22:40.860 --> 22:43.320 +Maybe we mark it from the beginning, + +22:43.540 --> 22:46.020 +including this. Okay. + +23:36.240 --> 23:40.060 +Instrumental Do an extra before you + +23:40.060 --> 23:40.500 +actually start. + +23:43.340 --> 23:46.700 +Like a little jump, with stretched legs. + +23:55.390 --> 23:57.820 +Have you realized the music? + +24:11.720 --> 24:15.360 +up down, down down, up up. + +24:21.780 --> 24:24.120 +Without putting the hand extra, don't have + +24:24.120 --> 24:30.860 +it here. So you are, you just + +24:30.860 --> 24:33.580 +up down. That's more like squeezing in, + +24:33.780 --> 24:36.140 +it's like the knees, you know, here. So + +24:36.140 --> 24:40.480 +it's like, it's not like so, but together. + +24:40.640 --> 24:44.720 +Like that. Just up. And then like that. + +25:00.200 --> 25:04.360 +You know, here. here, here, here. So + +25:04.360 --> 25:07.560 +actually this is looking out, far. This is + +25:07.560 --> 25:09.780 +up, and that's down. + +25:19.600 --> 25:23.760 +Third. Yeah, you are here, and then it's + +25:23.760 --> 25:26.820 +like a jump. Yeah, yeah. + +25:29.920 --> 25:30.540 +down, + +25:33.320 --> 25:41.260 +down, and then down, down, down, down. + +25:43.900 --> 25:44.520 +Yeah. + +25:50.570 --> 25:53.920 +We continue a little bit, continue a + +25:53.920 --> 25:56.200 +little bit. So the other one with the + +25:56.200 --> 25:59.580 +music you know. So you're here, you wait, + +25:59.720 --> 26:01.680 +and then when this music comes, it's like + +26:01.680 --> 26:04.700 +you're in so big tension, and it's like, + +26:04.780 --> 26:09.300 +it's like a shock. It has no shape. It has + +26:09.300 --> 26:12.540 +a, it's this, you listen, you don't know + +26:12.540 --> 26:14.360 +where to go. It's just like a reaction. + +26:14.920 --> 26:17.380 +The second one is running so fast as + +26:17.380 --> 26:19.500 +possible, like you want to escape, but you + +26:19.500 --> 26:24.640 +can't. you're running here and the third + +26:24.640 --> 26:27.240 +one is like we stolper + +26:28.840 --> 26:32.000 +like around yourself and then you continue + +26:32.000 --> 26:38.980 +yes it has no no special and then you it's + +26:38.980 --> 26:41.940 +like somebody is behind you a little bit + +26:41.940 --> 26:47.800 +like so Fernando that way a little bit + +26:54.860 --> 26:57.800 +And then sometimes quicker, sometimes + +26:57.800 --> 27:03.260 +faster. Yeah, until the new movement comes + +27:03.260 --> 27:04.160 +again. This one. + +27:08.560 --> 27:12.480 +And then just the weight let go. go down + +27:12.480 --> 27:36.020 +when + +27:36.020 --> 27:38.160 +you're down it's already like the + +27:38.160 --> 27:41.760 +preparation to like you You stretch knees, + +27:41.980 --> 27:44.620 +yes. Yes, and the arms are here. + +27:48.380 --> 27:52.540 +Then from here, you turn and you do a + +27:52.540 --> 27:58.860 +rond. The hands go here on your legs, yes. + +27:59.000 --> 28:03.040 +You have a rond to the floor. The floor. + +28:04.760 --> 28:09.660 +Turn here, in, and now Now, through the + +28:09.660 --> 28:13.160 +hip, up, and you go into this movement, + +28:13.260 --> 28:18.400 +yes. From here, you go into this movement. + +28:20.620 --> 28:25.360 +This is this. Yeah, we know this one here. + +28:25.720 --> 28:26.540 +This one. + +28:29.900 --> 28:33.460 +And then this one. One or two. + +28:39.080 --> 28:42.880 +And here you wave, here you wave, and you + +28:42.880 --> 28:55.280 +have... da da da oop da da da da da da da + +28:55.280 --> 29:06.440 +da da da da da da da da attitude fall look + +29:06.440 --> 29:12.020 +run again stop yeah yeah slowly slowly + +29:12.020 --> 29:22.160 +from where from where I am so that's clear + +29:22.160 --> 29:24.260 +from here what could be clear is this one + +29:24.260 --> 29:27.460 +it's a little diagonal running + +29:35.120 --> 29:43.640 +and now you have a up, down, step, step, + +29:43.860 --> 29:50.940 +down, down, take it easy, easy, easy, pop, + +29:51.240 --> 29:54.380 +pop, PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +29:54.380 --> 29:55.340 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +29:55.340 --> 29:56.660 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +29:56.660 --> 30:01.060 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +30:01.060 --> 30:05.900 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +30:05.900 --> 30:06.420 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +30:06.420 --> 30:06.420 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +30:06.420 --> 30:06.420 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +30:06.420 --> 30:06.580 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +30:06.580 --> 30:06.580 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +30:06.580 --> 30:18.100 +PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM PAM + +30:18.100 --> 30:21.360 +PAM PAM P Oh, sorry. + +30:24.660 --> 30:28.440 +From here, from here, when you are... From + +30:28.440 --> 30:28.740 +here. + +30:31.700 --> 30:33.700 +You have this and you are over here. + +30:39.040 --> 30:43.480 +Actually, so I'm afraid to hit my chest + +30:43.480 --> 30:49.640 +here. And then... Like you cut down. Bam, + +30:49.820 --> 31:00.880 +bam. Bam, bam, bam. Bam, bam. Yeah. Arm, + +31:00.880 --> 31:09.980 +arm. Arm. Yeah. Yum, bam, bam. I did it. + +31:10.900 --> 31:16.000 +Fall, look, run. It's a beautiful... It's + +31:16.000 --> 31:20.580 +a real fall, but that's a... No, they have + +31:20.580 --> 31:25.220 +to mark this as little. Maybe we can try + +31:25.220 --> 31:28.600 +once from here with the music to mark a + +31:28.600 --> 31:29.780 +little bit where the music is. + +32:13.860 --> 32:15.260 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +32:45.720 --> 32:50.600 +It's... Ruchi line. It's enough, first of + +32:50.600 --> 32:53.120 +all, easy, just with the music, you know. + +32:59.740 --> 33:02.120 +Just for the music, just marking. Yeah? + +33:02.240 --> 33:04.900 +Just marking. Julie, did you hear Rafaela? + +33:06.240 --> 33:08.320 +Marking? Just like a... Okay. + +33:43.860 --> 33:45.260 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +34:13.060 --> 34:14.460 +Okay. + +34:20.460 --> 34:25.240 +How long it takes to? You have to hear the + +34:25.240 --> 34:26.760 +music first. Yeah, yeah. I was listening + +34:26.760 --> 34:29.420 +to the club. So, okay, the next bit you + +34:29.420 --> 34:32.920 +have this with the head. You just try to + +34:32.920 --> 34:36.220 +follow the rhythm of the looking, hearing, + +34:36.520 --> 34:39.260 +you know, just these little head movements + +34:39.260 --> 34:41.960 +with the music. And from here it's like + +34:41.960 --> 34:44.240 +your weight. you leave your weight and you + +34:44.240 --> 34:50.060 +just like go in this direction. Yeah, it's + +34:50.060 --> 34:53.460 +not high point, it's just like this. + +34:55.080 --> 34:59.780 +Then from here comes, yes, this one, you + +34:59.780 --> 35:08.640 +know all. This, here, holding, and again + +35:08.640 --> 35:09.520 +into this one. + +35:12.800 --> 35:18.940 +and then you have this with the raw over + +35:18.940 --> 35:27.400 +and turn and always ending profile and the + +35:27.400 --> 35:30.200 +after profile ending after the turn + +35:30.200 --> 35:33.040 +profile is to ending here and then from + +35:33.040 --> 35:36.180 +From here you start again, again into the + +35:36.180 --> 35:41.480 +attitude. Attitude, with the front, over, + +35:41.700 --> 35:47.640 +and turn and pull, yes. Down, down, down. + +35:50.420 --> 35:52.660 +Okay, this you have three times, I think, + +35:52.660 --> 35:53.240 +no? . + +36:05.720 --> 36:08.580 +I think it goes up and then from here it + +36:08.580 --> 36:10.700 +goes down like this. + +36:14.380 --> 36:17.520 +You go like this but then when you turn + +36:17.520 --> 36:20.920 +you just forget, you go the next one. + +36:26.420 --> 36:29.140 +And this one is always like with a little + +36:29.140 --> 36:32.960 +bit, it's + +36:32.960 --> 36:35.460 +not so low, it's higher here with the + +36:35.460 --> 36:38.760 +wrist. It's like you're pushing, yes, + +36:38.900 --> 36:43.220 +fighting it here. It's straight, that's + +36:43.220 --> 36:46.700 +the arm stretch. And then, actually now + +36:46.700 --> 36:49.800 +there is just a stop. There is certain + +36:49.800 --> 36:53.780 +music is about three times. Yeah, it's a + +36:53.780 --> 36:55.980 +kind of stop. And then actually the + +36:55.980 --> 36:58.680 +beginning comes again. You repeat the + +36:58.680 --> 37:02.620 +beginning. Repeat the beginning. + +37:06.280 --> 37:06.900 +Looking. + +37:26.000 --> 37:28.680 +And then from here it's like, you make the + +37:28.680 --> 37:30.060 +whole circle. Circle. + +37:33.540 --> 37:40.860 +Also certain music. We're having + +37:40.860 --> 37:46.660 +this movement, just this. Oh, yes. + +37:49.140 --> 37:56.260 +Till here. OK. So where do we do from + +37:56.260 --> 37:56.560 +where? + +38:02.920 --> 38:07.520 +after the looking, just to think again + +38:07.520 --> 38:10.480 +what it was, so you have before you had + +38:10.480 --> 38:14.260 +done, you remember? After the looking + +38:14.260 --> 38:18.680 +comes this, yeah. So first you are here, + +38:18.740 --> 38:20.520 +you have the looking, and then from here + +38:20.520 --> 38:24.160 +you go in this direction. Now comes this + +38:24.160 --> 38:24.520 +movement. + +38:30.320 --> 38:32.900 +This goes into the attitude. + +38:36.540 --> 38:37.160 +Profile. + +38:42.320 --> 38:42.940 +Stop. + +38:47.980 --> 38:50.280 +And then comes the beginning again. Well, + +38:50.280 --> 38:53.320 +that's clear. The beginning is clear. Only + +38:53.320 --> 38:58.260 +you can take even more space. Yes. But + +38:58.260 --> 39:01.420 +then it says the whole beginning except + +39:01.420 --> 39:05.660 +the end is after the running around that + +39:05.660 --> 39:07.160 +you have to have a cue for this. + +39:10.280 --> 39:12.760 +This and this. + +39:15.300 --> 39:17.760 +Okay, let's have this with music maybe + +39:17.760 --> 39:18.760 +from the... + +39:23.360 --> 39:24.560 +Maybe a little bit here, please. + +39:29.640 --> 39:34.920 +Ah, from here. You walk here and then it's + +39:34.920 --> 39:37.280 +just like this. Just like direct. + +39:40.540 --> 39:43.580 +This is, yes, you have to go like right + +39:43.580 --> 39:45.300 +away into it because there's not so much + +39:45.300 --> 39:45.600 +time. + +39:48.400 --> 39:50.640 +You have to already, when you turn, you + +39:50.640 --> 39:52.200 +have to start with your arms. + +39:54.980 --> 39:57.040 +Yeah. It's too late. You have to be + +39:57.040 --> 39:58.500 +quicker here. + +40:01.240 --> 40:06.560 +Anyway, this movement, wait, wait. You're + +40:06.560 --> 40:11.980 +here, you're here, one line + +40:11.980 --> 40:15.300 +on the shoulder. This still tries to stay + +40:15.300 --> 40:17.180 +diagonal. Actually the leg is more front, + +40:17.320 --> 40:20.300 +Rafaela. Yes, I think it's more like an + +40:20.300 --> 40:22.100 +opposite direction. And then you go back + +40:22.100 --> 40:25.540 +to the standing leg. But this is here. + +40:26.400 --> 40:30.080 +Yeah, the whole body is, you stay here, + +40:30.240 --> 40:33.440 +here, here. So, this shoulder is a little + +40:33.440 --> 40:37.760 +deeper. This one here. And then the hip + +40:37.760 --> 40:40.840 +pulls you front, but the body back. So + +40:40.840 --> 40:43.440 +very far backwards, yes, like that. And + +40:43.440 --> 40:45.600 +then go and right away the arm turn. + +40:46.180 --> 40:48.280 +Better, yes. Yeah. + +40:59.100 --> 41:00.640 +Let's go straight down. + +41:05.060 --> 41:09.080 +Up, and now you go straight. Straight + +41:09.080 --> 41:14.040 +down. Straight and straight. No, you + +41:14.040 --> 41:19.360 +don't... Yes, there. And then you... Down. + +41:22.040 --> 41:24.580 +It goes lower, a little bit lower. When + +41:24.580 --> 41:26.780 +this arm comes, it goes a bit lower. + +41:31.660 --> 41:36.340 +and push through and turn + +41:39.440 --> 41:48.280 +okay yeah okay we hear + +41:48.280 --> 41:50.720 +this with music Maybe we'll start with + +41:50.720 --> 41:51.760 +these little heads. + +42:30.920 --> 42:33.300 +Easy. No, no, no, easy. + +43:05.560 --> 43:08.640 +You are able to continue? Is it brighter? + +43:15.480 --> 43:18.960 +The timing of the... We can do it again. + +43:19.080 --> 43:21.200 +Just mark it, of course. Don't do it too + +43:21.200 --> 43:21.380 +much. + +43:26.100 --> 43:30.100 +When you start too late, you never... it's + +43:30.100 --> 43:34.160 +impossible to... Just easy. Maybe the same + +43:34.160 --> 43:36.980 +spot. maybe a little tiny little bit + +43:36.980 --> 43:39.400 +before we can do this accents here, so + +43:39.400 --> 43:39.940 +with the running. + +44:28.440 --> 44:29.060 +Oh, gee. + +44:58.840 --> 45:01.640 +I think you're very good. Huh? + +45:04.760 --> 45:08.040 +Yeah, it's just the weight brings you a + +45:08.040 --> 45:10.640 +little bit. Actually it moves a little + +45:10.640 --> 45:14.500 +bit, yes. Wait a minute, so now we are + +45:14.500 --> 45:18.780 +here. Now you have a, you touch your hand + +45:18.780 --> 45:22.740 +here. Touch it, you have your, + +45:24.520 --> 45:27.660 +like you're going this around, so this + +45:27.660 --> 45:35.420 +makes you move. So this, up, up, up, and. + +45:55.020 --> 45:57.460 +And sometimes leave it together, so it's + +45:57.460 --> 46:03.280 +not all the same. So you have to move so + +46:03.280 --> 46:05.660 +far with the arm that his foot has to + +46:05.660 --> 46:09.480 +move. You have to move. And also this + +46:09.480 --> 46:12.580 +brings it back. So it happens, this + +46:12.580 --> 46:15.340 +movement in the foot. And sometimes you + +46:15.340 --> 46:18.820 +leave it even. Sometimes you're only going + +46:18.820 --> 46:24.540 +like this, and then you open it again. And + +46:24.540 --> 46:28.200 +then open it. and slow ones and very fast + +46:28.200 --> 46:30.500 +ones very fat up but always up reaching + +46:30.500 --> 46:33.440 +reaching always I in the app is reaching + +46:33.440 --> 46:41.580 +is important up always up Up. Up. Rafa. + +46:44.680 --> 46:48.500 +Why don't we all go more front? Sorry. + +46:51.020 --> 46:52.080 +Come, talk a bit. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_a_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_a_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ffd90a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_a_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1403 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:02.560 --> 00:03.780 +Tanya Cushman Reviewer's Tanya Cushman + +00:03.780 --> 00:06.040 +Reviewer's Tanya Cushman ...tonight and + +00:06.040 --> 00:07.800 +that's the opening. The opening is for me + +00:07.800 --> 00:09.940 +saying I'm the person who normally + +00:09.940 --> 00:13.200 +introduces the speaker, who introduces the + +00:13.200 --> 00:16.660 +evening speaker. But tonight we really + +00:16.660 --> 00:19.300 +have no speaker. So the first thing I + +00:19.300 --> 00:21.820 +wanted to ask you is to help me welcome + +00:21.820 --> 00:24.180 +Mrs. Pina Bausch and the dancers. + +00:46.300 --> 00:48.700 +Now, as you imagine, although my friend + +00:48.700 --> 00:50.100 +Jeffrey Schnapp is standing here, I'm + +00:50.100 --> 00:51.540 +standing here, we are not going to do the + +00:51.540 --> 00:56.680 +performance tonight. Maybe next time. So + +00:56.680 --> 00:58.480 +Matthias Schmigel from the Tanztheater + +00:58.480 --> 01:00.840 +will introduce the dancers of the + +01:00.840 --> 01:03.700 +Tanztheater to you. Good evening, thank + +01:03.700 --> 01:06.340 +you very much. First I will start with + +01:06.340 --> 01:08.240 +Julie Shanahan from Australia. + +01:14.680 --> 01:17.360 +Juliana Arante from Brazil. + +01:23.920 --> 01:32.100 +Rafael Delonay from France, Fernando + +01:32.100 --> 01:38.660 +Suell from Venezuela, and + +01:38.660 --> 01:40.540 +the one in charge of our our music, + +01:40.760 --> 01:42.240 +Matthias Burckert from Germany. + +01:47.080 --> 01:49.180 +See, now you know that part of the reason + +01:49.180 --> 01:50.880 +to organize tonight's event was to show + +01:50.880 --> 01:53.220 +you what a multicultural country Germany + +01:53.220 --> 01:55.960 +is, especially Wuppertal. This is truly + +01:55.960 --> 02:00.400 +amazing. Talking of which, this is a very + +02:00.400 --> 02:03.420 +special event also to give thank you to + +02:03.420 --> 02:05.680 +President Kasper, not only for his + +02:05.680 --> 02:07.360 +continued support, now that we enter the + +02:07.360 --> 02:10.080 +final stretch of the early round of the + +02:10.080 --> 02:12.800 +Presidential Lectures and Symposia. I need + +02:12.800 --> 02:15.140 +to say tonight that, Pina, I think that's + +02:15.140 --> 02:17.300 +true. We wouldn't have gotten you without + +02:17.300 --> 02:19.480 +Gerhard's intervention. And there's a + +02:19.480 --> 02:22.080 +secret, because President Kasper and Pina + +02:22.080 --> 02:24.300 +Bausch are both members of the highest + +02:24.300 --> 02:26.040 +order, one of the highest orders of the + +02:26.040 --> 02:28.060 +Federal Republic of Germany, the Puhle + +02:28.060 --> 02:30.120 +Merit. So this is for the two Puhle Merit + +02:30.120 --> 02:30.820 +prize-takers. + +02:38.100 --> 02:39.860 +And I wouldn't want to miss the + +02:39.860 --> 02:41.640 +opportunity to briefly, briefly announce + +02:41.640 --> 02:45.200 +our other events of this artsy program in + +02:45.200 --> 02:48.480 +the fall of this academic year. Our next + +02:48.480 --> 02:50.180 +event will be a colloquium, humanities, + +02:50.420 --> 02:53.600 +social sciences, and law on the topic past + +02:53.600 --> 02:55.560 +dependencies and that will take place in + +02:55.560 --> 02:58.080 +the law school on November 5th, Friday, + +02:58.260 --> 03:01.280 +and November November 6th, a Saturday, and + +03:01.280 --> 03:02.860 +there will be, because this is the Artsy + +03:02.860 --> 03:05.800 +Fall, a piano recital by Charles Rosen on + +03:05.800 --> 03:08.620 +the evening of Friday. The following event + +03:08.620 --> 03:10.480 +is just the following Monday, November + +03:10.480 --> 03:13.240 +8th. This will be a lecture in our lecture + +03:13.240 --> 03:15.080 +series of the art historian Svetlana + +03:15.080 --> 03:19.660 +Alpers. And finally, on November 29th, + +03:19.660 --> 03:22.020 +again a Monday, in Kresge Auditorium, + +03:22.020 --> 03:24.660 +we'll have a bilingual poetry reading by + +03:24.660 --> 03:28.660 +the great Chinese poet Bei Dao and by his + +03:28.660 --> 03:31.140 +translator and friend Elliot Weinberger. + +03:31.380 --> 03:33.380 +So we'll have poems in Mandarin and poems + +03:33.380 --> 03:35.780 +in English and the next day as always + +03:35.780 --> 03:38.840 +there will be ample opportunity for + +03:38.840 --> 03:43.800 +discussion. Now I was saying that I was + +03:43.800 --> 03:45.840 +not introducing a person who's introducing + +03:45.840 --> 03:48.900 +Pina Bausch because so many people we know + +03:48.900 --> 03:50.700 +it from the hits counted have seen the + +03:50.700 --> 03:52.940 +website but I would like to inform you + +03:52.940 --> 03:55.720 +briefly what we have planned tonight. In a + +03:55.720 --> 03:57.280 +minute, in literally a minute, Pina Bausch + +03:57.280 --> 03:59.760 +will take over and lead you into the dance + +03:59.760 --> 04:01.540 +rehearsal. And the very exciting thing for + +04:01.540 --> 04:03.000 +us is we have no clue what's going to + +04:03.000 --> 04:06.140 +happen. It's going to be great, no doubt + +04:06.140 --> 04:09.220 +about it. After an hour or so, Pina Bausch + +04:09.220 --> 04:11.820 +will ask my colleague and friend Jeffrey + +04:11.820 --> 04:13.980 +Schnap, the Rossetti Professor of Italian + +04:13.980 --> 04:15.720 +Literature and Comparative Literature, + +04:15.740 --> 04:17.120 +that's not the official title but I want + +04:17.120 --> 04:20.840 +to say it's complete too, and he will then + +04:20.840 --> 04:22.700 +have a discussion, conduct a discussion + +04:22.700 --> 04:25.480 +with Pina and with the dancers and we will + +04:25.480 --> 04:29.420 +soon open up to the floor. And then at 9 o + +04:29.420 --> 04:32.260 +'clock sharp, more or less sharp, we will + +04:32.260 --> 04:34.280 +have on behalf of President Kasper a + +04:34.280 --> 04:36.220 +reception here in the courtyard of Roble + +04:36.220 --> 04:39.280 +and that is definitely a reception for + +04:39.280 --> 04:41.820 +everybody. So we really have to help us to + +04:41.820 --> 04:44.680 +eliminate, to delete all the food which + +04:44.680 --> 04:47.260 +will be out there at 9 o'clock. So thanks + +04:47.260 --> 04:49.160 +again for coming and Pina we are so much + +04:49.160 --> 04:49.620 +looking forward. + +05:02.640 --> 05:09.740 +Oh yes. Good evening. I'm very very happy + +05:09.740 --> 05:15.280 +and honored to be here at Stanford and I + +05:15.280 --> 05:17.360 +like to thank very much for this wonderful + +05:17.360 --> 05:17.860 +invitation. + +05:21.370 --> 05:23.560 +For me it's very difficult because usually + +05:24.520 --> 05:27.360 +I have not much work because what I have + +05:27.360 --> 05:30.160 +to say I usually try to do with my works + +05:30.160 --> 05:36.180 +on the stage. And so it was not possible + +05:36.180 --> 05:38.620 +to do here performance because we are on + +05:38.620 --> 05:40.400 +tour, we are in the moment in Berkeley. + +05:40.400 --> 05:44.160 +And then I thought maybe it would be very + +05:44.160 --> 05:50.480 +nice to just show a bit of the work. And I + +05:50.480 --> 05:56.380 +thought about the Rite of Spring from Igor + +05:56.380 --> 05:56.940 +Stravinsky. + +06:00.220 --> 06:06.120 +This is the part of the chosen one, the + +06:06.120 --> 06:11.620 +end of this work. and it's a chosen one, + +06:11.740 --> 06:16.780 +so it's the girl who has to dance till she + +06:16.780 --> 06:22.320 +dies, actually. So, we are not prepared at + +06:22.320 --> 06:27.460 +all. It's really something we didn't... I + +06:27.460 --> 06:30.220 +told them yesterday, kind of, what we're + +06:30.220 --> 06:35.460 +going to do. and Ruthie, she did it + +06:35.460 --> 06:39.060 +actually many times in the choreography. + +06:40.100 --> 06:42.460 +Rafaela has learned it two, three years + +06:42.460 --> 06:45.060 +ago, but she never danced it. Julie + +06:45.060 --> 06:47.580 +touched it once a little bit. And + +06:47.580 --> 06:50.920 +Fernando, I also like to do it. Usually + +06:50.920 --> 06:54.860 +it's a woman who is doing that. He never + +06:54.860 --> 06:58.720 +did it, but they always see it. they see + +06:58.720 --> 07:00.780 +it many times because usually when this + +07:00.780 --> 07:04.600 +dance happens the other people are all + +07:04.600 --> 07:07.660 +there, they watch how that happens. So I + +07:07.660 --> 07:11.380 +thought maybe I want to do something too, + +07:11.480 --> 07:14.400 +I thought maybe it's nice to do a little + +07:14.400 --> 07:16.740 +work with them and that's why they are not + +07:16.740 --> 07:18.500 +prepared otherwise I have nothing to do. + +07:20.520 --> 07:25.340 +But to have just a little bit the idea of + +07:25.340 --> 07:28.460 +it Maybe it's a little bit difficult for + +07:28.460 --> 07:31.580 +Ruchi, but maybe the best is once like + +07:31.580 --> 07:36.800 +easily, because it's hard. Maybe she can + +07:36.800 --> 07:39.140 +show once a dance, and then we do piece by + +07:39.140 --> 07:40.580 +piece, work a little bit on it. + +08:21.160 --> 08:24.920 + + +08:54.080 --> 08:55.480 + + +09:24.080 --> 09:25.480 + + +09:54.080 --> 09:55.480 + + +10:24.080 --> 10:25.480 + + +10:54.080 --> 10:55.480 + + +11:24.080 --> 11:25.480 + + +11:54.040 --> 11:55.440 +¶¶ + +12:23.680 --> 12:25.080 +¶¶ + +12:53.220 --> 12:54.080 +¶¶ + +13:17.040 --> 13:19.700 +Usually it's, of course, without + +13:19.700 --> 13:23.000 +preparation and without the peace when + +13:23.000 --> 13:24.760 +that happened, it's also it's a little + +13:24.760 --> 13:28.780 +complicated and usually the it's a yeah + +13:28.780 --> 13:31.340 +it's about the earth about the spring and + +13:31.340 --> 13:33.220 +usually when they dance it it's in the + +13:33.220 --> 13:35.320 +earth and when they fall it's the whole + +13:35.320 --> 13:37.120 +thing is very different because you never + +13:37.120 --> 13:39.780 +have a floor like this the dancing and the + +13:39.780 --> 13:44.460 +earth so that's very different thank you + +13:44.460 --> 13:48.840 +so okay + +13:48.840 --> 13:53.700 +Okay, we start a little bit. You must just + +13:53.700 --> 13:54.500 +a little bit help. + +14:02.340 --> 14:05.480 +We take the first bit, a little marking. + +14:05.660 --> 14:07.320 +You remember the... + +14:09.540 --> 14:11.960 +They all go away. Please come here. + +14:17.660 --> 14:19.480 +I don't want to dance, you should dance. + +14:22.120 --> 14:24.060 +You know the movement, you know this one, + +14:24.080 --> 14:25.720 +because many things in the choreography, + +14:26.000 --> 14:27.720 +they are also in different ways, different + +14:27.720 --> 14:29.820 +combinations, so it's not so new, the + +14:29.820 --> 14:32.800 +step. You have this one, only without + +14:32.800 --> 14:36.720 +the... And this, and this with head down. + +14:36.920 --> 14:40.480 +And then the weight, and we go back. And + +14:40.480 --> 14:42.080 +again. + +14:44.240 --> 14:50.340 +And with looking. And go back again. And + +14:50.340 --> 14:52.940 +you have heard me wrote this. + +14:54.620 --> 14:58.160 +The third time. The third time, only till + +14:58.160 --> 15:01.280 +here. Yeah, only till here. Here, then + +15:01.280 --> 15:09.400 +here, here, down, + +15:10.200 --> 15:21.180 +down, down, up, down, down, up. And, oh, + +15:21.280 --> 15:27.760 +I'm sorry. Sorry. I'm sorry, yeah. One + +15:27.760 --> 15:31.900 +more time. And this. + +15:35.160 --> 15:39.760 +One more. And like you're getting yourself + +15:39.760 --> 15:41.120 +and then up. + +15:46.840 --> 15:50.300 +Changing direction. One more. + +15:54.680 --> 16:04.080 +Not much. Okay. Okay. Okay, yeah. Oh, it's + +16:04.080 --> 16:09.600 +down, the accent is always . The accent is + +16:09.600 --> 16:13.140 +down. And right away. + +16:17.940 --> 16:19.260 +With looking. + +16:22.940 --> 16:25.100 +Third time. Okay. + +16:30.060 --> 16:39.700 +And up and again this one, like this. + +16:46.860 --> 16:53.980 +It's like so. You go here and then you + +16:53.980 --> 16:56.980 +take it from here, you squeeze, you take + +16:56.980 --> 16:59.400 +it out here like this. Out and it's like + +16:59.400 --> 17:03.040 +you hit. No, no. You take it out and it's + +17:03.040 --> 17:07.340 +like you're hitting yourself. and then and + +17:07.340 --> 17:11.860 +then and then and then and then and then + +17:12.920 --> 17:15.800 +and then and then back and then change + +17:19.440 --> 17:22.180 +maybe we mark it a few times and we just + +17:22.180 --> 17:25.560 +hear it with the music just marking yeah + +17:25.560 --> 17:25.960 +Matthias? + +17:29.480 --> 17:31.900 +without the fall without the fall in the + +17:31.900 --> 17:32.140 +beginning + +18:04.180 --> 18:04.400 +Not much yet. + +18:08.520 --> 18:13.000 +Just that you know with the music. Easy. + +18:14.080 --> 18:14.900 +Not too much. + +18:41.460 --> 18:44.680 +Okay, okay, okay. Okay. Okay. + +18:49.140 --> 18:54.740 +Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. + +18:59.300 --> 19:04.980 +Okay. da da da, da da da, only below. da + +19:04.980 --> 19:09.400 +da da, and you have this arm, this arm, + +19:09.560 --> 19:15.940 +and you put together, so, round together, + +19:17.160 --> 19:21.980 +oh, microphone, and like a curve, like a + +19:21.980 --> 19:26.040 +curve back. Can you show it again please? + +19:32.060 --> 19:35.940 +Just a little bit. Just that. Yeah. + +19:46.780 --> 19:50.160 +This like a circle. Like make a circle. + +19:55.540 --> 19:56.020 +Yeah. + +20:01.880 --> 20:07.240 +Okay. And then from here, you have with + +20:07.240 --> 20:09.280 +the leg, I do it without the leg. You have + +20:09.280 --> 20:14.300 +this arm. From here, you go here with the + +20:14.300 --> 20:19.040 +leg. Up, up. And it's like, oops, it's my + +20:19.040 --> 20:25.180 +microphone. Here. So over here, like to + +20:25.180 --> 20:27.980 +cover yourself. And then it's like, yeah, + +20:28.080 --> 20:32.100 +da, da, yeah. Da, da, yeah. Da, da, and + +20:32.100 --> 20:34.100 +then you have the music when you have some + +20:34.100 --> 20:41.560 +music. Again, da, da, hum, hum. Yeah. So, + +20:41.700 --> 20:42.120 +again. + +21:12.720 --> 21:15.580 +In the music you have to hear it. It's + +21:15.580 --> 21:19.500 +over the music. There's a certain sound + +21:19.500 --> 21:23.440 +you do. Up, down, down, down, up, arm. + +21:27.920 --> 21:28.360 +Again. + +21:35.560 --> 21:37.540 +Wait, let's do it again. Do it again + +21:37.540 --> 21:41.660 +without. Yes, that's just small, there's + +21:41.660 --> 21:44.180 +little time. It's small, yes. + +21:47.260 --> 21:48.840 +Yes, with the head, head. + +21:57.260 --> 22:00.100 +That's one passé, yes. Not too diagonally, + +22:00.120 --> 22:04.520 +a little flatter. A little flatter. + +22:07.720 --> 22:11.620 +Up. Like somebody takes you here on the + +22:11.620 --> 22:17.160 +wrist. And that is like quick. No, not + +22:17.160 --> 22:19.820 +looking up, but looking. Yes, like you + +22:19.820 --> 22:21.980 +cover yourself, you protect yourself, yes. + +22:22.720 --> 22:24.740 +And then you go in all directions, like + +22:24.740 --> 22:28.540 +fighting, like this. And then using this + +22:28.540 --> 22:31.980 +like up, down. Down, down, up, up. + +22:40.780 --> 22:43.340 +Maybe we mark it from the beginning, + +22:43.540 --> 22:46.020 +including this. Okay. + +23:27.880 --> 23:32.840 +It wouldn't be nice if you那 would not sn + +23:32.840 --> 23:36.360 +entsprech + +23:36.360 --> 23:40.500 +That's an extra before you actually start + +23:40.500 --> 23:44.740 +running. Down, down, up, like a little + +23:44.740 --> 23:48.820 +jump, straight legs. Down, down. + +23:55.340 --> 24:01.080 +Have you realized the music? This... After + +24:01.080 --> 24:01.400 +that... + +24:10.520 --> 24:15.380 +Up, down, down, down, up, up. + +24:21.760 --> 24:24.140 +Without putting the hand extra, don't have + +24:24.140 --> 24:30.860 +it here. So you are, you just + +24:30.860 --> 24:33.120 +are up, down. That's more like squeezing + +24:33.120 --> 24:35.440 +in, it's like the knees, you know, here. + +24:35.440 --> 24:40.080 +So it's like, it's not like so, but + +24:40.080 --> 24:44.220 +together. Like that. Just up. And then + +24:44.220 --> 24:44.720 +like that. + +25:00.200 --> 25:04.360 +You know, here. here, here, here. So + +25:04.360 --> 25:07.560 +actually this is looking out, far. This is + +25:07.560 --> 25:09.780 +up, and that's down. + +25:19.600 --> 25:23.760 +Third. Yeah, you are here, and then it's + +25:23.760 --> 25:26.820 +like a jump. Yeah, yeah. + +25:29.920 --> 25:30.540 +down, + +25:33.320 --> 25:41.260 +down, and then down, down, down, down. + +25:43.900 --> 25:44.520 +Yeah. + +25:50.570 --> 25:53.920 +We continue a little bit, continue a + +25:53.920 --> 25:56.200 +little bit. So the other one with the + +25:56.200 --> 25:59.580 +music you know. So you're here, you wait, + +25:59.720 --> 26:01.680 +and then when this music comes, it's like + +26:01.680 --> 26:04.700 +you're in so big tension, and it's like, + +26:04.780 --> 26:09.300 +it's like a shock. It has no shape. It has + +26:09.300 --> 26:12.540 +a, it's this, you listen, you don't know + +26:12.540 --> 26:14.360 +where to go. It's just like a reaction. + +26:14.920 --> 26:17.380 +The second one is running so fast as + +26:17.380 --> 26:19.500 +possible, like you want to escape, but you + +26:19.500 --> 26:24.640 +can't. you're running here and the third + +26:24.640 --> 26:27.240 +one is like we stolper + +26:28.840 --> 26:32.000 +like around yourself and then you continue + +26:32.000 --> 26:38.980 +yes it has no no special and then you it's + +26:38.980 --> 26:41.940 +like somebody is behind you a little bit + +26:41.940 --> 26:47.800 +like so Fernando that way a little bit + +26:54.860 --> 26:57.800 +And then sometimes quicker, sometimes + +26:57.800 --> 27:03.260 +faster. Yeah, until the new movement comes + +27:03.260 --> 27:04.160 +again. This one. + +27:08.560 --> 27:12.480 +And then just the weight let go. go down + +27:12.480 --> 27:36.020 +when + +27:36.020 --> 27:38.160 +you're down it's already like the + +27:38.160 --> 27:41.760 +preparation to like you You stretch knees, + +27:41.980 --> 27:44.620 +yes. Yes, and the arms are here. + +27:48.380 --> 27:52.540 +Then from here, you turn and you do a + +27:52.540 --> 27:58.860 +rond. The hands go here on your legs, yes. + +27:59.000 --> 28:03.040 +You have a rond to the floor. The floor. + +28:04.760 --> 28:09.660 +Turn here, in, and now Now, through the + +28:09.660 --> 28:13.160 +hip, up, and you go into this movement, + +28:13.260 --> 28:18.400 +yes. From here, you go into this movement. + +28:20.620 --> 28:25.360 +This is this. Yeah, we know this one here. + +28:25.720 --> 28:26.540 +This one. + +28:29.900 --> 28:33.460 +And then this one. One or two. + +28:39.020 --> 28:42.880 +And here you wave, here you wave. And you + +28:42.880 --> 28:53.600 +have, da, da, da. Oop. Da, da, da. Da, da, + +28:53.700 --> 28:56.560 +da. Da, da. + +28:59.700 --> 29:07.940 +Da, da, da. attitude for look run again + +29:07.940 --> 29:11.640 +stop slowly + +29:11.640 --> 29:21.620 +slowly from where from where I am so + +29:21.620 --> 29:23.460 +that's clear from here what could be clear + +29:23.460 --> 29:25.420 +is this one it's a little diagonal + +29:26.360 --> 29:27.220 +Running. + +29:33.380 --> 29:39.420 +Walking around. And now you have a up, + +29:39.460 --> 29:48.380 +down, step, step, down, down. Take it + +29:48.380 --> 29:48.680 +easy. + +29:54.100 --> 30:01.960 +Turn here, continue into this and go on + +30:01.960 --> 30:13.180 +into this and continue. you. Here wait and + +30:13.180 --> 30:13.540 +then. + +30:17.920 --> 30:21.360 +Oh, sorry. + +30:23.640 --> 30:28.440 +From here, from here, when you are, from + +30:28.440 --> 30:28.740 +here. + +30:31.780 --> 30:33.560 +You have You have this and you're over + +30:33.560 --> 30:33.720 +here. + +30:39.700 --> 30:43.720 +Actually, I'm afraid to hit my chest here. + +30:45.100 --> 30:49.860 +And then, like you cut. Yeah. Bam, bam, + +30:49.860 --> 30:50.440 +bam. + +30:52.960 --> 31:01.500 +Bam, bam, bam. Bam, bam. Yeah. Arm, arm. + +31:03.160 --> 31:12.360 +Arm. Yeah. Yum, bam, bam. I did it. Fall, + +31:12.360 --> 31:16.240 +look, run. It's a real fall. It's a real + +31:16.240 --> 31:21.120 +fall, but that's a. They have to mark this + +31:21.120 --> 31:26.880 +as little. Maybe we can try once from here + +31:26.880 --> 31:29.120 +with the music to mark a little bit where + +31:29.120 --> 31:29.780 +the music is. + +32:15.740 --> 32:17.140 + + +32:40.940 --> 32:43.820 +Okay, okay. Take it a bit more easy. It's + +32:43.820 --> 32:46.180 +easy, it's a, it's, + +32:47.940 --> 32:51.820 +Gucci line, it's right as my easy, just + +32:51.820 --> 32:53.100 +with the music, you know? + +32:59.680 --> 33:02.100 +Just for the music, just marking, yeah? + +33:02.220 --> 33:04.900 +Just marking. Julie, did you hear Rafaela? + +33:06.240 --> 33:08.300 +Marking, just like a, okay. + +33:42.320 --> 33:43.720 + + +34:12.320 --> 34:14.440 + Okay. + +34:20.380 --> 34:25.240 +How long it takes to? You have to hear the + +34:25.240 --> 34:29.200 +music. Yeah, yeah. So okay, the next bit + +34:29.200 --> 34:32.500 +you have this with the head. You just try + +34:32.500 --> 34:35.680 +to follow the rhythm of the looking, + +34:35.800 --> 34:38.820 +hearing, you know, just this little head + +34:38.820 --> 34:41.580 +movement with the music. and from here + +34:41.580 --> 34:43.540 +it's like your weight you you leave your + +34:43.540 --> 34:46.580 +weight and you just like go in this + +34:46.580 --> 34:50.960 +direction yeah it's not high point it's + +34:50.960 --> 34:56.380 +not it's just like this and from here + +34:56.380 --> 34:59.360 +comes yes this one + +35:07.380 --> 35:09.480 +And again into this one. + +35:12.960 --> 35:17.280 +And then you have this with the raw. + +35:20.200 --> 35:25.520 +Over and stretching, turn and always + +35:25.520 --> 35:28.320 +ending profile. and the after profile + +35:28.320 --> 35:31.860 +ending after the turn profile yes to + +35:31.860 --> 35:33.620 +ending here and then from here you start + +35:33.620 --> 35:36.500 +again again into the attitude + +35:41.260 --> 35:43.440 +and turn it forget yes + +35:50.360 --> 35:53.140 +okay this you have three times i think i + +35:53.140 --> 36:06.540 +think + +36:06.540 --> 36:09.900 +it goes up and then it's from here You go + +36:09.900 --> 36:15.900 +down like this, yes. Huh? You go like + +36:15.900 --> 36:18.320 +this, but then when you turn, yeah, you + +36:18.320 --> 36:20.380 +just forget you go, you go, you think on + +36:20.380 --> 36:21.200 +the next one, yes. + +36:26.840 --> 36:29.100 +And this one is always like with a little + +36:29.100 --> 36:33.020 +bit, it's + +36:33.020 --> 36:35.440 +not, not so low, it's higher here with the + +36:35.440 --> 36:38.780 +lift. It's like you're pushing, yes. + +36:39.740 --> 36:42.580 +Fighting it, yes. Till it's straight. + +36:42.920 --> 36:46.400 +That's the arm stretch. And then, actually + +36:46.400 --> 36:49.820 +now there is just a stop. There is certain + +36:49.820 --> 36:53.780 +music is about three times. Yeah, it's a + +36:53.780 --> 36:55.980 +kind of stop. And then actually the + +36:55.980 --> 36:58.680 +beginning comes again. You repeat the + +36:58.680 --> 37:05.300 +beginning. beginning, looking, + +37:07.260 --> 37:20.900 +and + +37:20.900 --> 37:27.060 +then from + +37:27.060 --> 37:29.600 +here it's like, make the whole the whole + +37:29.600 --> 37:30.080 +circle. + +37:32.900 --> 37:36.900 +Also certain music. We have + +37:40.530 --> 37:46.640 +this movement, just this. Oh, yes. + +37:49.610 --> 37:56.540 +Until here. So, where do we go from where? + +38:02.940 --> 38:07.520 +After the looking, just to think again + +38:07.520 --> 38:10.500 +what it was, so you have before you had + +38:10.500 --> 38:14.260 +done, you remember? After the looking + +38:14.260 --> 38:18.700 +comes this, yeah. So first you are here, + +38:18.760 --> 38:20.520 +you have the looking, and then from here + +38:20.520 --> 38:24.160 +you go in this direction. Now comes this + +38:24.160 --> 38:24.520 +movement. + +38:30.200 --> 38:32.900 +This goes into the attitude. + +38:36.520 --> 38:37.160 +Profile. + +38:40.200 --> 38:48.860 +And then comes + +38:48.860 --> 38:50.740 +the beginning again. Well, that's clear. + +38:50.860 --> 38:54.180 +The beginning is clear. Yeah, only you can + +38:54.180 --> 38:58.680 +take even more space. Yes. But then it + +38:58.680 --> 39:02.360 +says the whole beginning except the end is + +39:02.360 --> 39:06.100 +after the running around that you have to + +39:06.100 --> 39:07.160 +have a cue for this. + +39:10.280 --> 39:12.760 +This and this. + +39:15.300 --> 39:17.760 +Okay, let's have this with music maybe + +39:17.760 --> 39:18.760 +from the... + +39:23.360 --> 39:24.560 +Maybe a little bit here, please. + +39:29.640 --> 39:34.920 +Ah, from here. You walk here and then it's + +39:34.920 --> 39:37.280 +just like this. Just like direct. + +39:40.540 --> 39:43.580 +This is, yes, you have to go like right + +39:43.580 --> 39:45.300 +away into it because there's not so much + +39:45.300 --> 39:45.600 +time. + +39:48.400 --> 39:50.640 +You have to already, when you turn, you + +39:50.640 --> 39:52.200 +have to start with your arms. + +39:54.980 --> 39:57.040 +Yeah. It's too late. You have to be + +39:57.040 --> 39:58.500 +quicker here. + +40:01.240 --> 40:06.560 +Anyway, this movement, wait, wait. You're + +40:06.560 --> 40:11.980 +here, you're here, one line + +40:11.980 --> 40:15.300 +on the shoulder. This still tries to stay + +40:15.300 --> 40:17.180 +diagonal. Actually the leg is more front, + +40:17.320 --> 40:20.300 +Rafaela. Yes, I think it's more like an + +40:20.300 --> 40:22.100 +opposite direction. And then you go back + +40:22.100 --> 40:25.540 +to the standing leg. But this is here. + +40:26.400 --> 40:30.080 +Yeah, the whole body is, you stay here, + +40:30.240 --> 40:33.440 +here, here. So, this shoulder is a little + +40:33.440 --> 40:37.760 +deeper. This one here. And then the hip + +40:37.760 --> 40:40.840 +pulls you front, but the body back. So + +40:40.840 --> 40:43.440 +very far backwards, yes, like that. And + +40:43.440 --> 40:45.600 +then go and right away the arm turn. + +40:46.180 --> 40:48.280 +Better, yes. Yeah. + +40:59.100 --> 41:00.640 +Let's go straight down. + +41:05.060 --> 41:09.080 +Up, and now you go straight. Straight + +41:09.080 --> 41:14.040 +down. Straight and straight. No, you + +41:14.040 --> 41:19.360 +don't... Yes, there. And then you... Down. + +41:22.040 --> 41:24.580 +It goes lower, a little bit lower. When + +41:24.580 --> 41:26.780 +this arm comes, it goes a bit lower. + +41:31.660 --> 41:36.340 +and push through and turn + +41:39.440 --> 41:48.280 +okay yeah okay we hear + +41:48.280 --> 41:50.720 +this with music Maybe we'll start with + +41:50.720 --> 41:51.760 +these little heads. + +42:30.920 --> 42:33.300 +Easy. No, no, no, easy. + +43:05.560 --> 43:08.640 +You are able to continue? Is it brighter? + +43:15.480 --> 43:18.960 +The timing of the... We can do it again. + +43:19.080 --> 43:21.200 +Just mark it, of course. Don't do it too + +43:21.200 --> 43:21.380 +much. + +43:26.100 --> 43:30.100 +When you start too late, you never... it's + +43:30.100 --> 43:34.160 +impossible to... Just easy. Maybe the same + +43:34.160 --> 43:36.980 +spot. maybe a little tiny little bit + +43:36.980 --> 43:39.400 +before we can do this accents here, so + +43:39.400 --> 43:39.940 +with the running. + +44:28.440 --> 44:29.060 +Oh, gee. + +44:58.840 --> 45:01.640 +I think you're very good. Huh? + +45:04.760 --> 45:08.040 +Yeah, it's just the weight brings you a + +45:08.040 --> 45:10.640 +little bit. Actually it moves a little + +45:10.640 --> 45:14.500 +bit, yes. Wait a minute, so now we are + +45:14.500 --> 45:18.780 +here. Now you have a, you touch your hand + +45:18.780 --> 45:22.740 +here. Touch it, you have your, + +45:24.520 --> 45:27.660 +like you're going this around, so this + +45:27.660 --> 45:35.420 +makes you move. So this, up, up, up, and. + +45:55.020 --> 45:57.460 +And sometimes leave it together, so it's + +45:57.460 --> 46:03.280 +not all the same. So you have to move so + +46:03.280 --> 46:05.660 +far with the arm that his foot has to + +46:05.660 --> 46:09.480 +move. You have to move. And also this + +46:09.480 --> 46:12.580 +brings it back. So it happens, this + +46:12.580 --> 46:15.340 +movement in the foot. And sometimes you + +46:15.340 --> 46:18.820 +leave it even. Sometimes you're only going + +46:18.820 --> 46:24.540 +like this, and then you open it again. And + +46:24.540 --> 46:28.200 +then open it. and slow ones and very fast + +46:28.200 --> 46:30.500 +ones very fat up but always up reaching + +46:30.500 --> 46:33.440 +reaching always I in the app is reaching + +46:33.440 --> 46:41.580 +is important up always up Up. Up. Rafa. + +46:44.680 --> 46:48.500 +Why don't we all go more front? Sorry. + +46:51.020 --> 46:52.080 +Come, talk a bit. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_a_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_a_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f8a89e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_a_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html @@ -0,0 +1,544 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

reference
transcript
f1Tanya Cushman Reviewer's Tanya Cushman Reviewer's Tanya Cushman ...tonight and tf1Tanya Cushman Reviewer's Tanya Cushman Reviewer's Tanya Cushman ...tonight and t
>hat's the opening.>hat's the opening.
2The opening is for me saying I'm the person who normally introduces the speaker,2The opening is for me saying I'm the person who normally introduces the speaker,
> who introduces the evening speaker.> who introduces the evening speaker.
3But tonight we really have no speaker.3But tonight we really have no speaker.
4So the first thing I wanted to ask you is to help me welcome Mrs.4So the first thing I wanted to ask you is to help me welcome Mrs.
5Pina Bausch and the dancers.5Pina Bausch and the dancers.
6Now, as you imagine, although my friend Jeffrey Schnapp is standing here, I'm st6Now, as you imagine, although my friend Jeffrey Schnapp is standing here, I'm st
>anding here, we are not going to do the performance tonight.>anding here, we are not going to do the performance tonight.
7Maybe next time.7Maybe next time.
8So Matthias Schmigel from the Tanztheater will introduce the dancers of the Tanz8So Matthias Schmigel from the Tanztheater will introduce the dancers of the Tanz
>theater to you.>theater to you.
9Good evening, thank you very much.9Good evening, thank you very much.
10First I will start with Julie Shanahan from Australia.10First I will start with Julie Shanahan from Australia.
11Juliana Arante from Brazil.11Juliana Arante from Brazil.
12Rafael Delonay from France, Fernando Suell from Venezuela, and the one in charge12Rafael Delonay from France, Fernando Suell from Venezuela, and the one in charge
> of our our music, Matthias Burckert from Germany.> of our our music, Matthias Burckert from Germany.
13See, now you know that part of the reason to organize tonight's event was to sho13See, now you know that part of the reason to organize tonight's event was to sho
>w you what a multicultural country Germany is, especially Wuppertal.>w you what a multicultural country Germany is, especially Wuppertal.
14This is truly amazing.14This is truly amazing.
15Talking of which, this is a very special event also to give thank you to Preside15Talking of which, this is a very special event also to give thank you to Preside
>nt Kasper, not only for his continued support, now that we enter the final stret>nt Kasper, not only for his continued support, now that we enter the final stret
>ch of the early round of the Presidential Lectures and Symposia.>ch of the early round of the Presidential Lectures and Symposia.
16I need to say tonight that, Pina, I think that's true.16I need to say tonight that, Pina, I think that's true.
17We wouldn't have gotten you without Gerhard's intervention.17We wouldn't have gotten you without Gerhard's intervention.
18And there's a secret, because President Kasper and Pina Bausch are both members 18And there's a secret, because President Kasper and Pina Bausch are both members 
>of the highest order, one of the highest orders of the Federal Republic of Germa>of the highest order, one of the highest orders of the Federal Republic of Germa
>ny, the Puhle Merit.>ny, the Puhle Merit.
19So this is for the two Puhle Merit prize-takers.19So this is for the two Puhle Merit prize-takers.
20And I wouldn't want to miss the opportunity to briefly, briefly announce our oth20And I wouldn't want to miss the opportunity to briefly, briefly announce our oth
>er events of this artsy program in the fall of this academic year.>er events of this artsy program in the fall of this academic year.
21Our next event will be a colloquium, humanities, social sciences, and law on the21Our next event will be a colloquium, humanities, social sciences, and law on the
> topic past dependencies and that will take place in the law school on November > topic past dependencies and that will take place in the law school on November 
>5th, Friday, and November November 6th, a Saturday, and there will be, because t>5th, Friday, and November November 6th, a Saturday, and there will be, because t
>his is the Artsy Fall, a piano recital by Charles Rosen on the evening of Friday>his is the Artsy Fall, a piano recital by Charles Rosen on the evening of Friday
>.>.
22The following event is just the following Monday, November 8th.22The following event is just the following Monday, November 8th.
23This will be a lecture in our lecture series of the art historian Svetlana Alper23This will be a lecture in our lecture series of the art historian Svetlana Alper
>s.>s.
24And finally, on November 29th, again a Monday, in Kresge Auditorium, we'll have 24And finally, on November 29th, again a Monday, in Kresge Auditorium, we'll have 
>a bilingual poetry reading by the great Chinese poet Bei Dao and by his translat>a bilingual poetry reading by the great Chinese poet Bei Dao and by his translat
>or and friend Elliot Weinberger.>or and friend Elliot Weinberger.
25So we'll have poems in Mandarin and poems in English and the next day as always 25So we'll have poems in Mandarin and poems in English and the next day as always 
>there will be ample opportunity for discussion.>there will be ample opportunity for discussion.
26Now I was saying that I was not introducing a person who's introducing Pina Baus26Now I was saying that I was not introducing a person who's introducing Pina Baus
>ch because so many people we know it from the hits counted have seen the website>ch because so many people we know it from the hits counted have seen the website
> but I would like to inform you briefly what we have planned tonight.> but I would like to inform you briefly what we have planned tonight.
27In a minute, in literally a minute, Pina Bausch will take over and lead you into27In a minute, in literally a minute, Pina Bausch will take over and lead you into
> the dance rehearsal.> the dance rehearsal.
28And the very exciting thing for us is we have no clue what's going to happen.28And the very exciting thing for us is we have no clue what's going to happen.
29It's going to be great, no doubt about it.29It's going to be great, no doubt about it.
30After an hour or so, Pina Bausch will ask my colleague and friend Jeffrey Schnap30After an hour or so, Pina Bausch will ask my colleague and friend Jeffrey Schnap
>, the Rossetti Professor of Italian Literature and Comparative Literature, that'>, the Rossetti Professor of Italian Literature and Comparative Literature, that'
>s not the official title but I want to say it's complete too, and he will then h>s not the official title but I want to say it's complete too, and he will then h
>ave a discussion, conduct a discussion with Pina and with the dancers and we wil>ave a discussion, conduct a discussion with Pina and with the dancers and we wil
>l soon open up to the floor.>l soon open up to the floor.
31And then at 9 o 'clock sharp, more or less sharp, we will have on behalf of Pres31And then at 9 o 'clock sharp, more or less sharp, we will have on behalf of Pres
>ident Kasper a reception here in the courtyard of Roble and that is definitely a>ident Kasper a reception here in the courtyard of Roble and that is definitely a
> reception for everybody.> reception for everybody.
32So we really have to help us to eliminate, to delete all the food which will be 32So we really have to help us to eliminate, to delete all the food which will be 
>out there at 9 o'clock.>out there at 9 o'clock.
33So thanks again for coming and Pina we are so much looking forward.33So thanks again for coming and Pina we are so much looking forward.
34Oh yes.34Oh yes.
35Good evening.35Good evening.
36I'm very very happy and honored to be here at Stanford and I like to thank very 36I'm very very happy and honored to be here at Stanford and I like to thank very 
>much for this wonderful invitation.>much for this wonderful invitation.
37For me it's very difficult because usually I have not much work because what I h37For me it's very difficult because usually I have not much work because what I h
>ave to say I usually try to do with my works on the stage.>ave to say I usually try to do with my works on the stage.
38And so it was not possible to do here performance because we are on tour, we are38And so it was not possible to do here performance because we are on tour, we are
> in the moment in Berkeley.> in the moment in Berkeley.
39And then I thought maybe it would be very nice to just show a bit of the work.39And then I thought maybe it would be very nice to just show a bit of the work.
40And I thought about the Rite of Spring from Igor Stravinsky.40And I thought about the Rite of Spring from Igor Stravinsky.
41This is the part of the chosen one, the end of this work.41This is the part of the chosen one, the end of this work.
42and it's a chosen one, so it's the girl who has to dance till she dies, actually42and it's a chosen one, so it's the girl who has to dance till she dies, actually
>.>.
43So, we are not prepared at all.43So, we are not prepared at all.
44It's really something we didn't...44It's really something we didn't...
45I told them yesterday, kind of, what we're going to do.45I told them yesterday, kind of, what we're going to do.
46and Ruthie, she did it actually many times in the choreography.46and Ruthie, she did it actually many times in the choreography.
47Rafaela has learned it two, three years ago, but she never danced it.47Rafaela has learned it two, three years ago, but she never danced it.
48Julie touched it once a little bit.48Julie touched it once a little bit.
49And Fernando, I also like to do it.49And Fernando, I also like to do it.
50Usually it's a woman who is doing that.50Usually it's a woman who is doing that.
51He never did it, but they always see it.51He never did it, but they always see it.
52they see it many times because usually when this dance happens the other people 52they see it many times because usually when this dance happens the other people 
>are all there, they watch how that happens.>are all there, they watch how that happens.
53So I thought maybe I want to do something too, I thought maybe it's nice to do a53So I thought maybe I want to do something too, I thought maybe it's nice to do a
> little work with them and that's why they are not prepared otherwise I have not> little work with them and that's why they are not prepared otherwise I have not
>hing to do.>hing to do.
54But to have just a little bit the idea of it Maybe it's a little bit difficult f54But to have just a little bit the idea of it Maybe it's a little bit difficult f
>or Ruchi, but maybe the best is once like easily, because it's hard.>or Ruchi, but maybe the best is once like easily, because it's hard.
55Maybe she can show once a dance, and then we do piece by piece, work a little bi55Maybe she can show once a dance, and then we do piece by piece, work a little bi
>t on it.>t on it.
56¶¶ ¶¶ ¶¶ Usually it's, of course, without preparation and without the peace when56¶¶ ¶¶ ¶¶ Usually it's, of course, without preparation and without the peace when
> that happened, it's also it's a little complicated and usually the it's a yeah > that happened, it's also it's a little complicated and usually the it's a yeah 
>it's about the earth about the spring and usually when they dance it it's in the>it's about the earth about the spring and usually when they dance it it's in the
> earth and when they fall it's the whole thing is very different because you nev> earth and when they fall it's the whole thing is very different because you nev
>er have a floor like this the dancing and the earth so that's very different tha>er have a floor like this the dancing and the earth so that's very different tha
>nk you so okay Okay, we start a little bit.>nk you so okay Okay, we start a little bit.
57You must just a little bit help.57You must just a little bit help.
58We take the first bit, a little marking.58We take the first bit, a little marking.
59You remember the...59You remember the...
60They all go away.60They all go away.
61Please come here.61Please come here.
62I don't want to dance, you should dance.62I don't want to dance, you should dance.
63You know the movement, you know this one, because many things in the choreograph63You know the movement, you know this one, because many things in the choreograph
>y, they are also in different ways, different combinations, so it's not so new, >y, they are also in different ways, different combinations, so it's not so new, 
>the step.>the step.
64You have this one, only without the...64You have this one, only without the...
65And this, and this with head down.65And this, and this with head down.
66And then the weight, and we go back.66And then the weight, and we go back.
67And again.67And again.
68And with looking.68And with looking.
69And go back again.69And go back again.
70And you have heard me wrote this.70And you have heard me wrote this.
71The third time.71The third time.
72The third time, only till here.72The third time, only till here.
73Yeah, only till here.73Yeah, only till here.
74Here, then here, here, down, down, down, up, down, down, up.74Here, then here, here, down, down, down, up, down, down, up.
75And, oh, I'm sorry.75And, oh, I'm sorry.
76Sorry.76Sorry.
77I'm sorry, yeah.77I'm sorry, yeah.
78One more time.78One more time.
79And this.79And this.
80One more.80One more.
81And like you're getting yourself and then up.81And like you're getting yourself and then up.
82Changing direction.82Changing direction.
83One more.83One more.
84Not much.84Not much.
85Okay.85Okay.
86Okay.86Okay.
87Okay, yeah.87Okay, yeah.
88Oh, it's down, the accent is always .88Oh, it's down, the accent is always .
89The accent is down.89The accent is down.
90And right away.90And right away.
91With looking.91With looking.
92Third time.92Third time.
93Okay.93Okay.
94And up and again this one, like this.94And up and again this one, like this.
95It's like so.95It's like so.
96You go here and then you take it from here, you squeeze, you take it out here li96You go here and then you take it from here, you squeeze, you take it out here li
>ke this.>ke this.
97Out and it's like you hit.97Out and it's like you hit.
98No, no.98No, no.
99You take it out and it's like you're hitting yourself.99You take it out and it's like you're hitting yourself.
100and then and then and then and then and then and then and then and then back and100and then and then and then and then and then and then and then and then back and
> then change maybe we mark it a few times and we just hear it with the music jus> then change maybe we mark it a few times and we just hear it with the music jus
>t marking yeah Matthias?>t marking yeah Matthias?
101without the fall without the fall in the beginning Not much yet.101without the fall without the fall in the beginning Not much yet.
102Just that you know with the music.102Just that you know with the music.
103Easy.103Easy.
104Not too much.104Not too much.
105Okay, okay, okay.105Okay, okay, okay.
106Okay.106Okay.
107Okay.107Okay.
108Okay.108Okay.
109Okay.109Okay.
110Okay.110Okay.
111Okay.111Okay.
112Okay.112Okay.
113da da da, da da da, only below.113da da da, da da da, only below.
114da da da, and you have this arm, this arm, and you put together, so, round toget114da da da, and you have this arm, this arm, and you put together, so, round toget
>her, oh, microphone, and like a curve, like a curve back.>her, oh, microphone, and like a curve, like a curve back.
115Can you show it again please?115Can you show it again please?
116Just a little bit.116Just a little bit.
117Just that.117Just that.
118Yeah.118Yeah.
119This like a circle.119This like a circle.
120Like make a circle.120Like make a circle.
n121Yeah, okay.n121Yeah.
122And then from here, you have with the leg, I do it without the leg, you have thi122Okay.
>s arm, We go here, we go here, and the leg up, up, and it's my microphone. 
123And then from here, you have with the leg, I do it without the leg.
124You have this arm.
125From here, you go here with the leg.
126Up, up.
127And it's like, oops, it's my microphone.
123Here.128Here.
n124So we're here, like to cover yourself, and then it's like, yeah, da, da, yeah, dn129So over here, like to cover yourself.
>a, da, yeah, da, da. 
125And then you have the music, when you have some music, da, hum, again, da, da, h130And then it's like, yeah, da, da, yeah.
>um, hum. 
131Da, da, yeah.
132Da, da, and then you have the music when you have some music.
133Again, da, da, hum, hum.
134Yeah.
126So, again.135So, again.
n127hmm and I'm hoping oh yeah I said in the music was my nerve is over the music, tn136In the music you have to hear it.
>hat's over the music, there's a certain sound you do up down down down up arm it 
>'s small yes Yeah. 
128Yeah.137It's over the music.
138There's a certain sound you do.
139Up, down, down, down, up, arm.
140Again.
141Wait, let's do it again.
142Do it again without.
143Yes, that's just small, there's little time.
144It's small, yes.
145Yes, with the head, head.
146That's one passé, yes.
147Not too diagonally, a little flatter.
148A little flatter.
129And then somebody takes you here on the wrist.149Up. Like somebody takes you here on the wrist.
130Yes.
131And that is like quick.150And that is like quick.
132No, not looking up, but looking.151No, not looking up, but looking.
n133Yes.n152Yes, like you cover yourself, you protect yourself, yes.
134Like you cover yourself.
135You protect yourself.
136Yes.
137And then you go in all directions like fighting like this.153And then you go in all directions, like fighting, like this.
138And then using this leg up down, down down, up arm.154And then using this like up, down.
155Down, down, up, up.
139Maybe we mark it from the beginning including this.156Maybe we mark it from the beginning, including this.
140Thank you.157Okay.
141yeah Heinrich the позion perfect well bling Like a little jump, like stretched l158It wouldn't be nice if you那 would not sn entsprech That's an extra before you ac
>egs.>tually start running.
159Down, down, up, like a little jump, straight legs.
160Down, down.
142Have you realized the music?161Have you realized the music?
n143this is up down down down up without putting the hand extra don't have it here yn162This...
>eah that's more like squeezing in it's like the knees you know here so it's like 
> like it's not like so but together just up here here here so actually this is l 
>ooking out far this is up and it's done So, yeah, you are here and then it's lik 
>e a jump. 
144down, down, down, and then down, down, down, down.163After that...
164Up, down, down, down, up, up.
165Without putting the hand extra, don't have it here.
166So you are, you just are up, down.
167That's more like squeezing in, it's like the knees, you know, here.
168So it's like, it's not like so, but together.
169Like that.
170Just up.
171And then like that.
172You know, here.
173here, here, here.
174So actually this is looking out, far.
175This is up, and that's down.
176Third.
177Yeah, you are here, and then it's like a jump.
178Yeah, yeah.
179down, down, and then down, down, down, down.
180Yeah.
145We continue a little bit, continue a little bit.181We continue a little bit, continue a little bit.
nn182So the other one with the music you know.
146So the other one with the music, you know, so you're here, you wait, and then wh183So you're here, you wait, and then when this music comes, it's like you're in so
>en this music comes, it's like you're in so big tension, and it's like, it's lik> big tension, and it's like, it's like a shock.
>e a shock. 
147It has no shape.184It has no shape.
n148It's this, you listen, you don't know where to go.n185It has a, it's this, you listen, you don't know where to go.
149It's just like a reaction.186It's just like a reaction.
n150The second one is running so fast as possible, like you wanna escape, but you can187The second one is running so fast as possible, like you want to escape, but you 
>n't.>can't.
151You're running here.188you're running here and the third one is like we stolper like around yourself an
 >d then you continue yes it has no no special and then you it's like somebody is 
 >behind you a little bit like so Fernando that way a little bit And then sometime
 >s quicker, sometimes faster.
152And the third one is like we, I don't know what this is, we stomp.
153Stomp, yeah.
154Like around yourself, and then you continue.
155Yes, it has no special, and then you it's like somebody is behind you a little b
>it like so Fernando but that's that way. 
156A little bit like that.
157Yes, Zorro is like that way.
158And then sometimes quicker, sometimes faster.
159Yeah, till the new movement comes again.189Yeah, until the new movement comes again.
160Again, this one.190This one.
161And then just the weight let go.191And then just the weight let go.
n162It's like a little hop thing.n192go down when you're down it's already like the preparation to like you You stret
 >ch knees, yes.
163When you are down, it's already like the preparation to stretch the knees.
164The arms are here.193Yes, and the arms are here.
165Then from here, you turn and you do a rond.194Then from here, you turn and you do a rond.
n166The hands go here on your legs.n195The hands go here on your legs, yes.
167yes you have a wall to the floor turn here in and now through the hip up and you196You have a rond to the floor.
> go into this moment yes from here you go into this one And then this one. 
197The floor.
198Turn here, in, and now Now, through the hip, up, and you go into this movement, 
 >yes.
199From here, you go into this movement.
200This is this.
201Yeah, we know this one here.
202This one.
203And then this one.
168One or two.204One or two.
n169And here you wave.n205And here you wave, here you wave.
170Here you wave.206And you have, da, da, da.
171Da da da.
172Oop.207Oop.
n173Da da da.n
174Da da da.
175Da, da, da.208Da, da, da.
176Da, da, da.209Da, da, da.
n177Attitude.n210Da, da.
178Fall.211Da, da, da.
179Look, run.212attitude for look run again stop slowly slowly from where from where I am so tha
 >t's clear from here what could be clear is this one it's a little diagonal Runni
 >ng.
180Again, stop.
181Yeah, yeah.
182Slowly, slowly.
183From where?
184From where?
185Ah, yeah.
186So that's clear.
187From here, walk over clear.
188It's this one, so it's a little diagonal.
189Running.
190Walking around.213Walking around.
191And now you have a up, down, step, step, down, down.214And now you have a up, down, step, step, down, down.
n192done take it easy pa pa pa ta turn here continue into this and go on into this an215Take it easy.
>nd continue di da da here wait and then yeah bum bum dee dee dee dee oh sorry fr 
>om here from here when you are from here you have this and you're over here I'm  
>afraid to hit my chest here. 
193Yeah.216Turn here, continue into this and go on into this and continue.
217you.
218Here wait and then.
219Oh, sorry.
220From here, from here, when you are, from here.
221You have You have this and you're over here.
222Actually, I'm afraid to hit my chest here.
194And then down, like you've cut, down.223And then, like you cut.
224Yeah.
195Bam, bam.225Bam, bam, bam.
196Bam, bam, bam.226Bam, bam, bam.
197Bam, bam.227Bam, bam.
n198Yeah, arm, arm.n228Yeah.
229Arm, arm.
199Arm.230Arm.
200Yeah.231Yeah.
201Yum, bam, bam.232Yum, bam, bam.
202I did it.233I did it.
n203Fall.n234Fall, look, run.
204Look.
205It's a real fall.235It's a real fall.
n206It's a real fall, but that's a...n236It's a real fall, but that's a.
207They have to mark this as little...237They have to mark this as little.
208Maybe we can try once from here with the music to mark a little bit where the mu238Maybe we can try once from here with the music to mark a little bit where the mu
>sic is.>sic is.
209Okay, okay.239Okay, okay.
n210Okay, take it a bit more easy.n240Take it a bit more easy.
211It's a, it's a, it's a, Gucci line, it's, it's right as my easy, just with the m241It's easy, it's a, it's, Gucci line, it's right as my easy, just with the music,
>usic, you know.> you know?
212Just for the music, just marking, yeah, just marking.242Just for the music, just marking, yeah?
243Just marking.
213Julie, did you hear Rafaela marking?244Julie, did you hear Rafaela?
214Just like a, okay.245Marking, just like a, okay.
215Okay.246Okay.
n216How long it takes to...n247How long it takes to?
217You have to hear the music first.248You have to hear the music.
218Yeah, yeah.249Yeah, yeah.
n219I was listening to the club.n
220So okay, the next bit you have this with the head.250So okay, the next bit you have this with the head.
n221You just try to follow the rhythm of the looking, hearing, you know, just these n251You just try to follow the rhythm of the looking, hearing, you know, just this l
>little head movements with the music.>ittle head movement with the music.
222And from there, you have the head movements.252and from here it's like your weight you you leave your weight and you just like 
 >go in this direction yeah it's not high point it's not it's just like this and f
 >rom here comes yes this one And again into this one.
223From here it's like your weight, you leave your weight and you just go in this d253And then you have this with the raw.
>irection. 
224Here.254Over and stretching, turn and always ending profile.
225It's not high point, it's just like this.255and the after profile ending after the turn profile yes to ending here and then 
 >from here you start again again into the attitude and turn it forget yes okay th
 >is you have three times i think i think it goes up and then it's from here You g
 >o down like this, yes.
226Then from here comes this one.256Huh?
227one, you know all.
228This, here, pulling, and again into this one.
229And then you have this with the raw, raw, over, and stretching, turn, and always
> ending profile, after profile ending. 
230After the turn, profile, yes.
231You're ending here and then from here you start again.
232Again into the attitude.
233Attitude, to the front, over and turn in profile, yes.
234Down, down, down.
235Okay, this you have three times I think, no?
236I think it goes up and then from here.
237It goes down like this, yes.
238You go like this, but then when you turn, you just forget, you go the same on th257You go like this, but then when you turn, yeah, you just forget you go, you go, 
>e next one, yes.>you think on the next one, yes.
239And this one is always like with a little bit, it's not so low, it's higher here258And this one is always like with a little bit, it's not, not so low, it's higher
> with the wrist.> here with the lift.
240It's like you're pushing, yes, fighting it here.259It's like you're pushing, yes.
241Till it's straight, that's the arm stretch.260Fighting it, yes.
261Till it's straight.
262That's the arm stretch.
242And then, actually now there is just a stop.263And then, actually now there is just a stop.
243There is certain music is about three times.264There is certain music is about three times.
244Yeah, it's a kind of stop.265Yeah, it's a kind of stop.
245And then actually the beginning comes again.266And then actually the beginning comes again.
246You repeat the beginning.267You repeat the beginning.
n247Repeat the beginning.n268beginning, looking, and then from here it's like, make the whole the whole circl
 >e.
248Looking.
249And then from here it's like, you make the whole circle.
250Circle.
251Also certain music.269Also certain music.
n252We're having this movement, just this.n270We have this movement, just this.
253Oh, yes.271Oh, yes.
n254Till here.n272Until here.
255OK.
256So where do we do from where?273So, where do we go from where?
257after the looking, just to think again what it was, so you have before you had d274After the looking, just to think again what it was, so you have before you had d
>one, you remember?>one, you remember?
258After the looking comes this, yeah.275After the looking comes this, yeah.
259So first you are here, you have the looking, and then from here you go in this d276So first you are here, you have the looking, and then from here you go in this d
>irection.>irection.
260Now comes this movement.277Now comes this movement.
261This goes into the attitude.278This goes into the attitude.
262Profile.279Profile.
n263Stop.n
264And then comes the beginning again.280And then comes the beginning again.
265Well, that's clear.281Well, that's clear.
266The beginning is clear.282The beginning is clear.
t267Only you can take even more space.t283Yeah, only you can take even more space.
268Yes.284Yes.
269But then it says the whole beginning except the end is after the running around 285But then it says the whole beginning except the end is after the running around 
>that you have to have a cue for this.>that you have to have a cue for this.
270This and this.286This and this.
271Okay, let's have this with music maybe from the...287Okay, let's have this with music maybe from the...
272Maybe a little bit here, please.288Maybe a little bit here, please.
273Ah, from here.289Ah, from here.
274You walk here and then it's just like this.290You walk here and then it's just like this.
275Just like direct.291Just like direct.
276This is, yes, you have to go like right away into it because there's not so much292This is, yes, you have to go like right away into it because there's not so much
> time.> time.
277You have to already, when you turn, you have to start with your arms.293You have to already, when you turn, you have to start with your arms.
278Yeah.294Yeah.
279It's too late.295It's too late.
280You have to be quicker here.296You have to be quicker here.
281Anyway, this movement, wait, wait.297Anyway, this movement, wait, wait.
282You're here, you're here, one line on the shoulder.298You're here, you're here, one line on the shoulder.
283This still tries to stay diagonal.299This still tries to stay diagonal.
284Actually the leg is more front, Rafaela.300Actually the leg is more front, Rafaela.
285Yes, I think it's more like an opposite direction.301Yes, I think it's more like an opposite direction.
286And then you go back to the standing leg.302And then you go back to the standing leg.
287But this is here.303But this is here.
288Yeah, the whole body is, you stay here, here, here.304Yeah, the whole body is, you stay here, here, here.
289So, this shoulder is a little deeper.305So, this shoulder is a little deeper.
290This one here.306This one here.
291And then the hip pulls you front, but the body back.307And then the hip pulls you front, but the body back.
292So very far backwards, yes, like that.308So very far backwards, yes, like that.
293And then go and right away the arm turn.309And then go and right away the arm turn.
294Better, yes.310Better, yes.
295Yeah.311Yeah.
296Let's go straight down.312Let's go straight down.
297Up, and now you go straight.313Up, and now you go straight.
298Straight down.314Straight down.
299Straight and straight.315Straight and straight.
300No, you don't...316No, you don't...
301Yes, there.317Yes, there.
302And then you...318And then you...
303Down.319Down.
304It goes lower, a little bit lower.320It goes lower, a little bit lower.
305When this arm comes, it goes a bit lower.321When this arm comes, it goes a bit lower.
306and push through and turn okay yeah okay we hear this with music Maybe we'll sta322and push through and turn okay yeah okay we hear this with music Maybe we'll sta
>rt with these little heads.>rt with these little heads.
307Easy.323Easy.
308No, no, no, easy.324No, no, no, easy.
309You are able to continue?325You are able to continue?
310Is it brighter?326Is it brighter?
311The timing of the...327The timing of the...
312We can do it again.328We can do it again.
313Just mark it, of course.329Just mark it, of course.
314Don't do it too much.330Don't do it too much.
315When you start too late, you never...331When you start too late, you never...
316it's impossible to...332it's impossible to...
317Just easy.333Just easy.
318Maybe the same spot.334Maybe the same spot.
319maybe a little tiny little bit before we can do this accents here, so with the r335maybe a little tiny little bit before we can do this accents here, so with the r
>unning.>unning.
320Oh, gee.336Oh, gee.
321I think you're very good.337I think you're very good.
322Huh?338Huh?
323Yeah, it's just the weight brings you a little bit.339Yeah, it's just the weight brings you a little bit.
324Actually it moves a little bit, yes.340Actually it moves a little bit, yes.
325Wait a minute, so now we are here.341Wait a minute, so now we are here.
326Now you have a, you touch your hand here.342Now you have a, you touch your hand here.
327Touch it, you have your, like you're going this around, so this makes you move.343Touch it, you have your, like you're going this around, so this makes you move.
328So this, up, up, up, and.344So this, up, up, up, and.
329And sometimes leave it together, so it's not all the same.345And sometimes leave it together, so it's not all the same.
330So you have to move so far with the arm that his foot has to move.346So you have to move so far with the arm that his foot has to move.
331You have to move.347You have to move.
332And also this brings it back.348And also this brings it back.
333So it happens, this movement in the foot.349So it happens, this movement in the foot.
334And sometimes you leave it even.350And sometimes you leave it even.
335Sometimes you're only going like this, and then you open it again.351Sometimes you're only going like this, and then you open it again.
336And then open it.352And then open it.
337and slow ones and very fast ones very fat up but always up reaching reaching alw353and slow ones and very fast ones very fat up but always up reaching reaching alw
>ays I in the app is reaching is important up always up Up. Up. Rafa.>ays I in the app is reaching is important up always up Up. Up. Rafa.
338Why don't we all go more front?354Why don't we all go more front?
339Sorry.355Sorry.
340Come, talk a bit.356Come, talk a bit.
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+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_b_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_b_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1be6d51 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_b_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1691 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:05.980 --> 00:08.340 +Yeah, so you're having, you have this + +00:08.340 --> 00:10.900 +movement and you can hear very well when + +00:10.900 --> 00:13.460 +you open and it's just your, you don't + +00:13.460 --> 00:15.780 +think about your step, they're just tired + +00:15.780 --> 00:18.460 +the legs, so they're you're deep and you + +00:18.460 --> 00:21.120 +walk with your chest. So for me it's like + +00:21.120 --> 00:25.280 +you are walking like this, walking here. + +00:25.280 --> 00:29.080 +here, then we have this movement, this + +00:29.080 --> 00:35.620 +one, over, + +00:35.840 --> 00:39.300 +hold circle to here, and then through the + +00:39.300 --> 00:44.060 +back, through the back, here, and then + +00:44.060 --> 00:51.920 +quick up, and again down, quick up, and + +00:51.920 --> 00:54.720 +down, Oh yeah, and then you have your + +00:54.720 --> 00:56.760 +accent, so you do again this one. + +01:03.740 --> 01:06.980 +Okay. Yeah, and then it tells you to stop + +01:06.980 --> 01:11.580 +anyway. Marking maybe from this part. + +01:15.620 --> 01:20.380 +So from the music, we like just like let's + +01:20.380 --> 01:23.060 +learn the music. I think, Matthias, when + +01:23.060 --> 01:23.580 +we're... + +02:18.420 --> 02:21.640 +Okay, okay. This is with the steps also, + +02:21.820 --> 02:25.440 +no? This one is still with the, like with + +02:25.440 --> 02:29.260 +the raw, still like with the raw. And + +02:29.260 --> 02:32.000 +step, step, so it's a kind of step, step, + +02:32.060 --> 02:34.440 +yes, it's only in small, but the rhythm, + +02:34.540 --> 02:35.240 +but the feet stay. + +02:40.940 --> 02:47.520 +Then from here, you + +02:47.520 --> 02:51.040 +go in this direction, you have a small + +02:51.040 --> 02:59.500 +attitude, leg, leg, arm, arm, this, again + +02:59.500 --> 03:02.700 +this movement, Till you have an attitude, + +03:02.980 --> 03:08.720 +then you have this what the men do before, + +03:09.000 --> 03:16.240 +this, this, cut, passe, passe soutenu, + +03:16.360 --> 03:23.700 +till here, big raw to the floor, on the + +03:23.700 --> 03:25.120 +knee, yeah, all the way to the, yes, like + +03:25.120 --> 03:30.120 +that turn around very low and then very + +03:30.120 --> 03:37.100 +very front and one yes big fall and then + +03:37.100 --> 03:41.180 +you push back and you go again into this + +03:41.180 --> 03:49.260 +movement one. This, this, this, arm, arm. + +03:50.340 --> 03:53.300 +Here we won't have time really. And then + +03:53.300 --> 04:00.440 +comes turn, turn, Hop, step, step. Yes, + +04:00.500 --> 04:03.020 +yeah. So, yeah. + +04:09.620 --> 04:11.980 +Then you have to go a little bit backwards + +04:11.980 --> 04:14.020 +again to the foot, otherwise you are + +04:14.020 --> 04:17.980 +traveling too far. So you go always like + +04:17.980 --> 04:22.460 +it stays on the spot, yes. But not, not, + +04:22.460 --> 04:24.520 +not, the steps are not too big. the step + +04:24.520 --> 04:33.620 +is not too big yeah yeah + +04:33.620 --> 04:36.220 +okay okay yes + +04:42.280 --> 04:42.820 +whatever + +04:47.460 --> 04:50.120 +from the attitude you know where we ended + +04:56.460 --> 04:57.100 +Yeah. + +04:59.720 --> 05:01.120 +Yeah, yeah, yeah, okay. + +05:05.020 --> 05:05.660 +Also... + +05:52.600 --> 05:54.000 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +06:06.940 --> 06:09.920 +but we're coming soon to the end anyway + +06:13.440 --> 06:16.780 +marking again just but mark really you + +06:16.780 --> 06:19.980 +know it's it's hard fernando + +06:24.380 --> 06:27.760 +Yeah, come a bit more forward. No, my + +06:27.760 --> 06:28.640 +reserve is still a bit. + +07:23.340 --> 07:23.700 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +07:35.840 --> 07:39.140 +Okay, okay, okay, okay. Now with this new + +07:39.140 --> 07:44.580 +music, you're having a parallel jump in + +07:44.580 --> 07:47.020 +contraction. You're having the arms like + +07:47.020 --> 07:50.140 +this in the jump. It's fist, actually + +07:50.140 --> 07:50.860 +fist, no? + +07:57.960 --> 08:02.780 +Yeah, this, then it's like very fast. It's + +08:02.780 --> 08:08.040 +the turn, this, you turn, but this goes + +08:08.040 --> 08:10.660 +into, you turn like this, but this goes + +08:10.660 --> 08:11.940 +into this movement. + +08:15.580 --> 08:20.980 +You jump like this, you jump here. then + +08:20.980 --> 08:24.860 +you start the turn like this and from here + +08:24.860 --> 08:28.380 +you already touch it again you meet and + +08:28.380 --> 08:33.520 +you go into this movement this into the + +08:33.520 --> 08:35.900 +move and then you will be interrupted and + +08:35.900 --> 08:39.780 +you do another one i'm sorry i'm sorry i + +08:39.780 --> 08:42.780 +mixed it up with the second time yes oh + +08:42.780 --> 08:48.940 +sorry I mix it up with the second time. So + +08:48.940 --> 08:56.200 +again, so you have this, you turn into + +08:56.200 --> 09:04.320 +this and it comes here, down and up. go + +09:04.320 --> 09:11.700 +into this and open and down and very quick + +09:11.700 --> 09:16.600 +up you're done either way up and a little + +09:16.600 --> 09:19.840 +bit of this woman and then it's just like + +09:19.840 --> 09:22.500 +you just have no energy just on the knees + +09:22.500 --> 09:25.920 +they collapse and then And then just ploof + +09:25.920 --> 09:31.080 +and back. + +09:31.940 --> 09:37.080 +And actually, well anyway, that routine is + +09:37.080 --> 09:37.800 +before actually. + +09:41.020 --> 09:47.540 +And then goes the whole diagonal. Jump, + +09:47.880 --> 09:51.080 +accent, accent. + +09:54.580 --> 09:58.260 +Then actually you're over there, very far. + +09:58.480 --> 10:03.660 +I speak here anyway. So you are, then + +10:03.660 --> 10:06.680 +comes again this one with this movement + +10:06.680 --> 10:11.140 +but without the turn. You do jump again. + +10:11.560 --> 10:15.000 +It goes into this movement and the music + +10:15.000 --> 10:17.100 +will interrupt you. So we have to kind of + +10:17.100 --> 10:20.660 +do another one. So and to the hands, to + +10:20.660 --> 10:21.140 +the face. + +10:26.660 --> 10:30.180 +Yes, and then it's this music where it + +10:30.180 --> 10:32.020 +happened to you. You have to continue. + +10:32.200 --> 10:37.020 +Yes, it's like, yes. You go kind of + +10:37.020 --> 10:40.440 +middle. Yeah. + +10:46.100 --> 10:46.460 +up + +10:55.200 --> 10:58.600 +and then the last one is a mixture out of + +10:58.600 --> 11:02.940 +this movement and out of this moment the + +11:02.940 --> 11:05.960 +very quick ones on the end so where do we + +11:05.960 --> 11:07.660 +start from + +11:12.480 --> 11:15.040 +Music like? It's easier with music, the + +11:15.040 --> 11:20.720 +music tells you. And no more really. . + +11:21.920 --> 11:24.520 +Yeah, stop, yes. Okay, do from here. Here, + +11:24.540 --> 11:25.640 +altitude. + +11:44.040 --> 11:44.740 +Up. + +12:02.140 --> 12:05.000 +Yes, it's many times more, more than that, + +12:05.100 --> 12:06.580 +but anyway, you don't have to go on this + +12:06.580 --> 12:09.820 +actually. Is this the other leg? + +12:15.480 --> 12:20.060 +Yes, and turn, turn, up, open, open, down, + +12:20.240 --> 12:23.740 +up. That's very quickly, up, up. and then + +12:23.740 --> 12:29.320 +comes right away this one. This one and + +12:29.320 --> 12:36.520 +knee, fall and And... + +12:47.100 --> 12:49.440 +Just try it down, this time you're here, + +12:49.600 --> 12:51.360 +and then you have either way, yes. + +12:57.040 --> 12:59.100 +One time, then a jump again. + +13:09.200 --> 13:13.140 +the outside leg is the outside leg always + +13:22.340 --> 13:24.280 +into the middle + +13:40.700 --> 13:46.560 +This is like over the music. The end, well + +13:46.560 --> 13:51.180 +you know the music anyway. From where do + +13:51.180 --> 13:51.520 +we play music? + +13:54.640 --> 13:58.860 +From here? From the place where we were + +13:58.860 --> 13:59.360 +just now, Matthias? + +14:33.700 --> 14:35.100 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +15:34.140 --> 15:34.880 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +15:40.540 --> 15:45.160 +Shall we just like sing it, sing it, not + +15:45.160 --> 15:47.000 +even mark it with the music from the + +15:47.000 --> 15:47.340 +beginning? + +15:50.080 --> 15:50.720 +Matthias? + +15:54.600 --> 15:57.820 +But really, she's also red, right? Yes, + +15:57.820 --> 15:58.240 +I'm red. + +16:01.320 --> 16:02.960 +I'm making you one. Yes, yes, yes. + +16:34.160 --> 16:35.880 +Okay. Okay. I don't know what I have to + +16:35.880 --> 16:36.000 +do. + +16:56.800 --> 16:58.200 +Thank you. + +18:17.900 --> 18:21.380 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 but also as a marking + +18:21.380 --> 18:21.840 +device. + +19:19.300 --> 19:20.700 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +19:49.300 --> 19:51.320 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 I don't know. + +20:49.300 --> 20:50.700 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +21:19.300 --> 21:20.700 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +22:19.300 --> 22:20.700 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +22:24.560 --> 22:26.020 +Thank you. + +23:20.720 --> 23:21.240 +Thank you. + +23:53.160 --> 23:56.140 +Actually, I didn't know how long it takes, + +23:56.240 --> 23:58.320 +but I thought if we start something, we + +23:58.320 --> 24:00.400 +have to kind of go through the whole + +24:00.400 --> 24:02.300 +thing. It's terribly hard. It's really, + +24:02.420 --> 24:05.260 +and I think they did fantastic. Actually, + +24:05.660 --> 24:07.420 +I thought we'd do something else, but it's + +24:07.420 --> 24:09.580 +almost the opposite, very light and very + +24:09.580 --> 24:12.320 +nice, very funny, but I think it got too + +24:12.320 --> 24:16.100 +late. I just wanted to do two very + +24:16.100 --> 24:18.180 +different things, but it's already... It's + +24:18.180 --> 24:22.260 +too warm down. Too warm down. Too warm + +24:22.260 --> 24:28.560 +down. Too warm down. 1980. It's too short. + +24:30.240 --> 24:31.580 +Isn't it too short? + +24:35.440 --> 24:38.860 +I think they want to speak. It looks like + +24:38.860 --> 24:41.180 +we only have three seats. So we'll have to + +24:41.180 --> 24:43.060 +play musical chairs. But anyway, you have + +24:43.060 --> 24:44.820 +to. We'll let you cool down. I think the, + +24:44.900 --> 24:47.220 +the, the, otherwise I'll come back to it. + +24:47.380 --> 24:50.500 +You should all put on something and drink + +24:50.500 --> 24:54.260 +water. Yeah. Yeah. One chair? Yeah. Yeah, + +24:54.260 --> 24:55.220 +why don't you bring out a couple more + +24:55.220 --> 24:55.460 +chairs? + +25:10.880 --> 25:13.080 +Pina, do you want to sit down here We can + +25:13.080 --> 25:13.740 +start here. + +25:22.140 --> 25:24.960 +As you can see, this is a, actually you're + +25:24.960 --> 25:28.840 +participating, you're spectating in the + +25:28.840 --> 25:31.120 +context of an improvised three-act play. + +25:31.420 --> 25:35.900 +And this is the second act. And it's going + +25:35.900 --> 25:38.300 +to be a divided act in the sense that the + +25:38.300 --> 25:41.860 +first part of it will consist in a sort of + +25:41.860 --> 25:45.280 +a fairly informal conversation between + +25:45.280 --> 25:48.000 +myself and and Pina Bausch and hopefully + +25:48.000 --> 25:50.080 +the dancers once they've recovered from + +25:50.080 --> 25:52.620 +their efforts and then in the second half + +25:52.620 --> 25:54.360 +I'm going to just open up the floor to a + +25:54.360 --> 25:56.440 +general conversation so members of the + +25:56.440 --> 25:59.940 +audience will be invited to ask their + +25:59.940 --> 26:03.720 +questions and then the third act the + +26:03.720 --> 26:06.600 +triumphal act will be where we feed you + +26:06.600 --> 26:10.200 +out in the courtyard out here as a + +26:10.200 --> 26:13.600 +conclusion of the event and it is meant as + +26:13.600 --> 26:15.960 +a genuine third act in the sense that it + +26:15.960 --> 26:17.880 +is participatory but it's participatory + +26:17.880 --> 26:19.940 +not just in the gastronomical sense it's + +26:19.940 --> 26:23.080 +your opportunity to actually meet with + +26:23.080 --> 26:26.120 +with Peter Bausch herself with the dancers + +26:26.120 --> 26:30.040 +who will be partaking of our repast with + +26:30.040 --> 26:33.420 +us I thought as a kind of introduction to + +26:33.420 --> 26:36.680 +our conversation I would ask you since the + +26:36.680 --> 26:39.480 +Rite of Spring is a piece that has been a + +26:39.480 --> 26:44.020 +long been a part of your career and it is + +26:44.020 --> 26:46.340 +one of the central monuments in a sense in + +26:46.340 --> 26:50.040 +the history of modern dance it's a piece + +26:50.040 --> 26:53.080 +of music and the choreographies of which + +26:53.080 --> 26:55.660 +have really marked the entire history of + +26:55.660 --> 27:00.400 +modern dance and it's also a dance and a + +27:00.400 --> 27:03.000 +piece of music that is so much built + +27:03.000 --> 27:07.380 +around the polarity of dance as associated + +27:07.380 --> 27:09.860 +with renewal on the one side with + +27:09.860 --> 27:11.960 +resurgent life and on the other side with + +27:11.960 --> 27:15.300 +with depth with expenditure I was just + +27:15.300 --> 27:18.040 +curious as a sort of starting question ask + +27:18.040 --> 27:20.900 +you what your personal relationship is to + +27:20.900 --> 27:22.480 +this piece I mean in what sense it's a + +27:22.480 --> 27:23.720 +piece that you've returned to in in the + +27:23.720 --> 27:26.040 +course of your career as a dancer and a + +27:26.040 --> 27:27.980 +choreographer. Anne McLean, You mean why + +27:27.980 --> 27:29.960 +we are doing it again or something? + +27:30.720 --> 27:33.720 +Actually, we keep a very big repertoire. I + +27:33.720 --> 27:39.680 +do every day, every year a new work and we + +27:39.680 --> 27:43.820 +have, we perform about 12, 14 different + +27:43.820 --> 27:46.640 +evenings from the repertoire in a year. + +27:47.280 --> 27:50.140 +And sometimes because of, I don't know for + +27:50.140 --> 27:52.360 +certain because because of where we travel + +27:52.360 --> 27:55.220 +or because a dancer is leaving or + +27:55.220 --> 27:57.240 +something, so we lose a piece. And then + +27:57.240 --> 27:59.740 +every year I try also to have one of the + +27:59.740 --> 28:01.880 +old ones. But Sacre we always carry with + +28:01.880 --> 28:04.860 +us the whole time. We always perform it + +28:04.860 --> 28:08.340 +from time to time. So it was always there. + +28:11.040 --> 28:15.940 +And so in a way it's also very healthy, I + +28:15.940 --> 28:18.640 +think, for the company, the new ones. + +28:19.320 --> 28:21.900 +Everybody everybody have to kind of go + +28:21.900 --> 28:25.140 +through many different things. And the + +28:25.140 --> 28:27.660 +other way, many people sometimes say, why + +28:27.660 --> 28:29.440 +don't you do another Sacre? And I say, but + +28:29.440 --> 28:32.660 +we do Sacre. It makes me also with each + +28:32.660 --> 28:35.220 +new work, I have to open another door. So + +28:35.220 --> 28:38.260 +if I keep my own works like if they are, I + +28:38.260 --> 28:40.360 +have to always like go somewhere else. + +28:40.440 --> 28:43.500 +What I think is very good to do. But in + +28:43.500 --> 28:45.340 +the course of your performance of it, do + +28:45.340 --> 28:49.780 +you alter the basic way way in which you + +28:49.780 --> 28:54.580 +present the piece, the different aspects + +28:54.580 --> 28:56.760 +of the choreography itself, or has it + +28:56.760 --> 28:58.580 +remained relatively stable in the course + +28:58.580 --> 29:01.760 +of the years? No, I try to do what I did + +29:01.760 --> 29:05.320 +in the beginning. And the first + +29:05.320 --> 29:07.400 +performance, it goes back to the mid-70s? + +29:07.540 --> 29:12.280 +Yes, 76 or something, no? 77. + +29:16.740 --> 29:19.280 +I haven't seen the original staging of it, + +29:19.340 --> 29:21.080 +but in the ordinary staging, you were + +29:21.080 --> 29:22.520 +referring to the fact that this is a real + +29:22.520 --> 29:24.480 +floor, but you would ordinarily perform it + +29:24.480 --> 29:27.920 +with loam or peat moss. Yeah, this is with + +29:27.920 --> 29:32.560 +turf. I don't know, turf. And so it's a + +29:32.560 --> 29:34.520 +completely different experience. I mean, + +29:34.560 --> 29:36.860 +there are many, many dancers involved in + +29:36.860 --> 29:40.720 +this piece, and the music is incredible. + +29:40.720 --> 29:43.440 +It's incredible. It's so strong. It's + +29:43.440 --> 29:46.620 +very, very energetic. This is just a + +29:46.620 --> 29:53.260 +little bit from the end. But what I like + +29:53.260 --> 29:57.820 +about the earth, + +29:58.060 --> 30:02.740 +the talk, because the effect it has on the + +30:02.740 --> 30:04.820 +body. First of all, also, it's completely + +30:04.820 --> 30:07.480 +different to, it's all about the earth. + +30:07.580 --> 30:09.720 +Also the starting, I mean, why they are + +30:09.720 --> 30:12.620 +arriving there and all this. But also + +30:12.620 --> 30:14.580 +because when they start sweating and + +30:14.580 --> 30:16.640 +moving, so it sticks onto them. So when + +30:16.640 --> 30:20.320 +they fall, they are everywhere full of + +30:20.320 --> 30:22.220 +earth. So you should see them when they + +30:22.220 --> 30:24.300 +are all after the, when they come for + +30:24.300 --> 30:26.720 +buying, it's like they are all over with + +30:26.720 --> 30:29.220 +earth and they look fantastic, I think. + +30:32.760 --> 30:34.140 +It's interesting that you mention that + +30:34.140 --> 30:36.020 +because in the piece that you've been you + +30:36.020 --> 30:37.580 +were performing at Zellerbach, Nelken + +30:37.580 --> 30:40.560 +carnations, the stage is covered with with + +30:40.560 --> 30:42.280 +carnations with hundreds and hundreds of + +30:42.280 --> 30:44.920 +fresh carnations and similarly they're not + +30:44.920 --> 30:49.380 +fresh, they look fresh from the audience, + +30:49.500 --> 30:52.760 +but in any case the sort of interaction + +30:52.760 --> 30:54.900 +between the bodies and the support, this + +30:54.900 --> 30:57.660 +natural support is a central feature of + +30:57.660 --> 30:58.000 +the piece. + +31:01.260 --> 31:05.220 +How did it first, the notion of using + +31:05.220 --> 31:08.260 +these kinds of, they're not natural + +31:08.260 --> 31:10.740 +landscapes obviously, but they're ways of + +31:10.740 --> 31:13.880 +transforming the stage first arise in your + +31:13.880 --> 31:14.120 +work? + +31:17.300 --> 31:21.680 +Well of course when it's already, it's + +31:21.680 --> 31:26.400 +usually a later moment when to think about + +31:26.400 --> 31:29.780 +on what is the stage like. Because first + +31:29.780 --> 31:34.120 +always only + +31:34.120 --> 31:36.700 +when I know in what kind of direction this + +31:36.700 --> 31:40.260 +piece will go, then it's only possible to + +31:40.260 --> 31:47.660 +speak what could be. And me, myself, I + +31:47.660 --> 31:50.900 +like very much the experience that you + +31:50.900 --> 31:54.080 +have to pay an attention to something. So + +31:54.080 --> 31:58.220 +it's always a different experience, you + +31:58.220 --> 32:01.360 +know, like it's very sensual in a way. + +32:01.360 --> 32:04.840 +Also we have a piece like, you come in the + +32:04.840 --> 32:08.600 +opera house and the whole stage is, the + +32:08.600 --> 32:11.920 +walls is grass, green grass. Or another + +32:11.920 --> 32:15.280 +piece is water. And of course all this, + +32:15.440 --> 32:18.480 +there are so many things, you know. With + +32:18.480 --> 32:20.760 +the grass it's a different smell, it's + +32:20.760 --> 32:23.600 +silence, there are sometimes mosquitoes + +32:23.600 --> 32:27.480 +and little things. and it changes with + +32:27.480 --> 32:30.740 +images it gets another it gets something + +32:30.740 --> 32:34.480 +else so it can with certain things so it + +32:34.480 --> 32:38.300 +is a grass change and and you look at the + +32:38.300 --> 32:40.100 +grass completely different you look at the + +32:40.100 --> 32:44.560 +grass new like in a place where it didn't + +32:44.560 --> 32:48.760 +belong also all the experience and things + +32:48.760 --> 32:51.880 +in water happen because of It's like a + +32:51.880 --> 32:55.360 +mirror in a way. All the dresses are wet, + +32:55.660 --> 32:58.900 +the clothes get heavy, they are freezing. + +32:59.340 --> 33:02.480 +It makes certain music, it makes a lot of + +33:02.480 --> 33:05.460 +noise. You can splash the water, you can + +33:05.460 --> 33:08.600 +do all kinds of things with the water. And + +33:08.600 --> 33:11.560 +it has so many different meanings too. And + +33:11.560 --> 33:17.740 +so for me, all this together means a lot. + +33:17.740 --> 33:19.720 +Not only the movement, but for me the + +33:19.720 --> 33:24.160 +space, the music, the audience, also + +33:24.160 --> 33:31.900 +everything I think I'd like to join + +33:31.900 --> 33:35.540 +or something. Speaking of that, I mean + +33:35.540 --> 33:38.080 +frequently, as was the case at Zellerbach + +33:38.080 --> 33:41.060 +for instance, your company is performing + +33:41.060 --> 33:44.440 +in fairly traditional window box type + +33:44.440 --> 33:46.440 +stages. I mean stages where there's a + +33:46.440 --> 33:48.760 +separation between audience and + +33:48.760 --> 33:50.520 +performance space. That's a little bit + +33:50.520 --> 33:52.880 +less true here where we're in a gymnasium + +33:52.880 --> 33:54.580 +which essentially is used for athletic + +33:54.580 --> 33:56.760 +events, but other kinds of events as well. + +33:57.900 --> 34:01.420 +What I mean for you, what is an ideal + +34:01.420 --> 34:03.440 +performance situation given exactly the + +34:03.440 --> 34:06.860 +concept of spectacle that's inclusive that + +34:06.860 --> 34:12.240 +you were just describing? I think it had + +34:12.240 --> 34:15.000 +to do with where I was. I mean this was a + +34:15.000 --> 34:21.540 +fantastic possibility and these pieces are + +34:21.540 --> 34:25.560 +made also for being in a normal theater + +34:25.560 --> 34:32.360 +because I mean it's even you know even to + +34:32.360 --> 34:34.980 +put water on the stage it means for me I + +34:34.980 --> 34:37.260 +like the water in the opera house. It's + +34:37.260 --> 34:39.660 +already it means something so if you put + +34:39.660 --> 34:41.960 +water somewhere else it's not the same but + +34:41.960 --> 34:44.460 +in the opera house it's special. So it's + +34:44.460 --> 34:47.920 +already, so I think it's already the + +34:47.920 --> 34:51.620 +switch is, in this case, you know, I never + +34:51.620 --> 34:54.400 +had the possibility to do different, but + +34:54.400 --> 34:57.540 +not because, not only the possibilities, + +34:57.800 --> 34:59.880 +but because we also, we are traveling a + +34:59.880 --> 35:02.260 +lot, so it's for us also important, this + +35:02.260 --> 35:04.840 +work, they need a certain space and a + +35:04.840 --> 35:08.760 +certain size and possibilities, + +35:11.620 --> 35:15.100 +If I would do a piece in a certain space, + +35:15.300 --> 35:17.600 +that means it can't travel. It's also + +35:17.600 --> 35:22.000 +complicated, you know. I was curious about + +35:22.000 --> 35:23.960 +that because in a certain tradition of, + +35:24.520 --> 35:26.760 +well in some of the cases that really the + +35:26.760 --> 35:28.680 +founding, the inaugural cases in the + +35:28.680 --> 35:31.660 +history of dance, particularly the strain + +35:31.660 --> 35:33.960 +in dance theater that leads into + +35:33.960 --> 35:36.600 +expression dance, dance, the notion of + +35:36.600 --> 35:38.800 +outdoor performance was absolutely central + +35:38.800 --> 35:41.660 +to the whole sense of dance's social + +35:41.660 --> 35:42.000 +mission. + +35:46.000 --> 35:48.720 +So your particular variation on having + +35:48.720 --> 35:50.500 +grass in the opera house or water in the + +35:50.500 --> 35:51.500 +opera house seems like a particularly + +35:51.500 --> 35:55.460 +ironic twist. Sometimes we performed also + +35:55.460 --> 35:57.740 +outdoor, of course, but this were also, + +35:57.820 --> 35:59.920 +but there's is only with pieces possible + +35:59.920 --> 36:05.040 +which are having nothing important what is + +36:05.040 --> 36:07.680 +used from hanging or certain things and + +36:07.680 --> 36:13.940 +also and it depends on the space. One + +36:13.940 --> 36:17.340 +question I wanted to ask you that seems to + +36:17.340 --> 36:19.920 +be a really striking feature of your the + +36:19.920 --> 36:23.000 +way in which you construct scenes and your + +36:23.000 --> 36:27.200 +different performances is the the emphasis + +36:27.200 --> 36:29.760 +on bodies falling to the ground, the + +36:29.760 --> 36:31.260 +contact between bodies and the ground. You + +36:31.260 --> 36:33.960 +just mentioned in the case of your staging + +36:33.960 --> 36:37.540 +of the Rite of Spring, the importance for + +36:37.540 --> 36:40.240 +you that the bodies bear the trace of the + +36:40.240 --> 36:44.560 +support on which they perform. Whereas so + +36:44.560 --> 36:46.780 +much of classical ballet, and a great deal + +36:46.780 --> 36:50.920 +of modern and contemporary dance focuses + +36:50.920 --> 36:53.840 +so much on aerial effects. Is that + +36:53.840 --> 36:57.120 +something that you do a lot of thinking + +36:57.120 --> 37:00.260 +about it seems like such a strong current + +37:00.260 --> 37:03.940 +in your work. I think this is in each work + +37:03.940 --> 37:06.460 +is it's different it's very different but + +37:06.460 --> 37:09.400 +I I think in in the Rite of Spring of + +37:09.400 --> 37:13.280 +course I I feel it's it's very the the + +37:13.280 --> 37:17.200 +music it's I think the music is telling me + +37:17.200 --> 37:22.140 +that. You're just taking dictation. Yes in + +37:22.140 --> 37:26.320 +that case yes I mean this is with Sacre + +37:26.320 --> 37:30.340 +and also a few other pieces which when I + +37:30.340 --> 37:34.980 +really saw this incredible strength and + +37:34.980 --> 37:38.240 +this feeling what was in this music where + +37:38.240 --> 37:40.400 +I felt I have something to do with. I + +37:40.400 --> 37:44.940 +wanted very much to try to do. But other + +37:44.940 --> 37:49.960 +works, they are not fixed. It s like I + +37:49.960 --> 37:53.580 +take many different different musics and I + +37:53.580 --> 37:56.260 +make a new work and that's completely + +37:56.260 --> 37:58.500 +different then. And it depends also the + +37:58.500 --> 38:00.640 +big influence on the dancers also, the + +38:00.640 --> 38:03.520 +people which are in the company. It also + +38:03.520 --> 38:06.960 +has an influence and also in which time we + +38:06.960 --> 38:09.300 +are living. So it's not just doing a + +38:09.300 --> 38:12.100 +choreography but I think being aware of + +38:12.100 --> 38:16.240 +the feelings we are all having or what we + +38:16.240 --> 38:18.100 +are knowing or all all these kind of + +38:18.100 --> 38:20.880 +things, it all takes part. + +38:24.100 --> 38:28.600 +And if what we had seen this evening was + +38:28.600 --> 38:32.720 +instead of a rehearsal of a piece that + +38:32.720 --> 38:36.580 +you've choreographed and represented many, + +38:36.720 --> 38:39.320 +many times, if you were in the process of + +38:39.320 --> 38:41.580 +developing a new piece, what would have + +38:41.580 --> 38:43.520 +been different about what the audience + +38:43.520 --> 38:48.060 +experienced tonight? I mean, this is also + +38:48.060 --> 38:50.360 +quite unusual because usually we don't do + +38:50.360 --> 38:52.360 +this. I mean, that I'm teaching this solo + +38:52.360 --> 38:55.140 +to now all the dancers, this was like also + +38:55.140 --> 38:56.420 +an exception, I must say. + +39:00.360 --> 39:04.200 +Well, it's of course, what is very + +39:04.200 --> 39:06.160 +different. + +39:07.460 --> 39:10.300 +I mean, here you can still you feel what + +39:10.300 --> 39:14.420 +is sacred. But in the other works, there + +39:14.420 --> 39:17.120 +are so many little different stories + +39:17.120 --> 39:20.120 +inside or thoughts or images or whatever, + +39:20.300 --> 39:25.960 +what comes out of it. And each of the + +39:25.960 --> 39:30.380 +dancers, each one is in a different way + +39:30.380 --> 39:32.680 +important and also their certain + +39:32.680 --> 39:37.160 +personality and the way how the influence + +39:37.160 --> 39:40.160 +and also they each have their own dances, + +39:40.300 --> 39:45.140 +their own different way of dancing and + +39:45.140 --> 39:48.640 +choreography. So that's completely, it's + +39:48.640 --> 39:51.100 +very complicated. I mean, it's just like + +39:51.900 --> 39:56.620 +the best is to see it. That's always true. + +39:57.740 --> 40:00.400 +But I guess what I was curious about is in + +40:00.400 --> 40:02.040 +terms of your working method, when you're + +40:02.040 --> 40:05.820 +developing a new piece, What's the degree + +40:05.820 --> 40:11.480 +to which you have a fairly clear concept + +40:11.480 --> 40:14.600 +of what the shape of a particular passage + +40:14.600 --> 40:17.500 +should be versus what happens by accident, + +40:17.740 --> 40:22.620 +by serendipity, by virtue, by dint of + +40:22.620 --> 40:26.960 +improvisation? I think that is a very big + +40:26.960 --> 40:29.320 +change from when I started the way how I + +40:29.320 --> 40:32.540 +work now. In the beginning when I came + +40:32.540 --> 40:39.720 +having this company in Bukhara, I always + +40:39.720 --> 40:42.800 +tried to prepare everything, to be very + +40:42.800 --> 40:45.220 +prepared and planned and thought + +40:45.220 --> 40:47.960 +everything because I was scared. I was + +40:47.960 --> 40:50.700 +afraid somebody asked me, what do we do? + +40:50.800 --> 40:54.100 +And I said, I don't know. So I was + +40:54.100 --> 40:58.140 +thinking of everything and then I never + +40:58.140 --> 41:00.340 +come into this situation. I was terribly + +41:00.340 --> 41:03.840 +scared to say or to speak about it because + +41:03.840 --> 41:09.080 +for me, in one way I don't find the right + +41:09.080 --> 41:11.420 +word. In another way, I always feel like + +41:11.420 --> 41:14.300 +if I say something too important, I never + +41:14.300 --> 41:17.360 +can reach what I say. I mean, it's better + +41:17.360 --> 41:19.100 +I don't say nothing and hopefully + +41:19.100 --> 41:21.720 +something arrives. you know. + +41:25.540 --> 41:29.900 +But already in the beginning I felt + +41:29.900 --> 41:33.840 +sometimes you know you work and certainly + +41:34.640 --> 41:37.520 +something happened in the rehearsal, you + +41:37.520 --> 41:39.420 +see something very little but has nothing + +41:39.420 --> 41:42.540 +to do with what you have planned and you + +41:42.540 --> 41:44.700 +don't know exactly why is it so important. + +41:45.640 --> 41:47.680 +Why is it It's so important. Then you have + +41:47.680 --> 41:50.180 +to think, I mean, you have to think what + +41:50.180 --> 41:53.020 +you do. I mean, is this what you think, + +41:53.060 --> 41:55.100 +why, what you like most certainly so much + +41:55.100 --> 41:58.000 +and interest you, do you follow this or + +41:58.000 --> 42:00.140 +you follow your plan? So what I did, I + +42:00.140 --> 42:02.600 +followed always that. I left my plans + +42:02.600 --> 42:03.220 +behind. + +42:08.800 --> 42:10.880 +That is also very difficult. + +42:14.240 --> 42:16.960 +You go somewhere where you don't know it + +42:16.960 --> 42:19.940 +brings you. So in a way you have to just + +42:19.940 --> 42:26.180 +trust it and actually we are there, the + +42:26.180 --> 42:29.000 +company and me, and life is there. And now + +42:29.000 --> 42:32.400 +what do we do? We speak about life, about + +42:32.400 --> 42:35.360 +love, about everything what is important, + +42:35.360 --> 42:39.540 +of course + +42:39.540 --> 42:43.680 +in the beginning of the years I had I + +42:43.680 --> 42:48.200 +judged some like I did if you gain you of + +42:48.200 --> 42:51.840 +Taurus from look an opera and it like a + +42:51.840 --> 42:54.820 +dance opera I did it just with dancers and + +42:54.820 --> 42:57.180 +also offers in a really good I did blue + +42:57.180 --> 43:02.340 +beard I did soccer and and the seven + +43:02.340 --> 43:05.240 +deadly sins. But at the same time already + +43:05.240 --> 43:08.720 +I did other works. I just things I like. + +43:09.140 --> 43:13.120 +And because also, you see these pieces + +43:13.120 --> 43:14.720 +which I was just telling you, that means + +43:14.720 --> 43:17.200 +there is like a solo part in it. There is + +43:17.200 --> 43:19.940 +a main figure. You know, if you give me + +43:19.940 --> 43:23.860 +the or here you have, I mean there's + +43:23.860 --> 43:25.480 +everybody in the choreography is very + +43:25.480 --> 43:27.700 +important, but still there is this girl on + +43:27.700 --> 43:31.300 +the end. It's the main part. and also in + +43:31.300 --> 43:32.880 +Bluebeard, you have Bluebeard and Judith. + +43:33.040 --> 43:35.120 +But then I had so many beautiful dancers. + +43:35.360 --> 43:37.680 +They are all so different personalities + +43:37.680 --> 43:40.200 +and so fantastic and each one very + +43:40.200 --> 43:43.640 +different. So I wanted very much to create + +43:43.640 --> 43:48.020 +something for them. So it started to be a + +43:48.020 --> 43:52.760 +completely different work. And I think we + +43:52.760 --> 43:57.760 +are speaking much more about in this work, + +43:57.880 --> 44:02.880 +heroes in that way don't exist. It's just + +44:02.880 --> 44:09.500 +like, it's talking about us. I mean, not + +44:09.500 --> 44:12.880 +us personally, not private. I don't mean + +44:12.880 --> 44:19.340 +this. And the way how to do this is of + +44:19.340 --> 44:21.220 +course each choreographer has to find + +44:21.220 --> 44:25.480 +their own way how to find, how to do this. + +44:25.660 --> 44:28.920 +Because when there is no piece, is no + +44:28.920 --> 44:31.640 +music, is no set, where do you start? You + +44:31.640 --> 44:36.020 +have to find a kind of way, you know, like + +44:36.020 --> 44:39.360 +I never did start from the beginning. I + +44:39.360 --> 44:43.620 +start with question, like maybe sometimes + +44:43.620 --> 44:45.980 +question I have to myself or other + +44:45.980 --> 44:49.360 +question and because I know what I want + +44:49.360 --> 44:52.520 +but I don't, has no shape, has no words. + +44:53.580 --> 44:56.980 +So but how can I find, how can I shape it, + +44:57.020 --> 44:58.980 +this what I really know what I'm looking + +44:58.980 --> 45:01.520 +for because it's really, it's so clear + +45:01.520 --> 45:03.740 +what I'm looking for but I couldn't say + +45:03.740 --> 45:09.160 +it, you know. So I start + +45:09.160 --> 45:13.060 +with many, many questions. And each one, + +45:13.160 --> 45:16.600 +each member in the company, they have this + +45:16.600 --> 45:18.860 +question, they sing, and then you think + +45:18.860 --> 45:20.800 +you are not in a dance studio, they sit + +45:20.800 --> 45:24.720 +and sing and do the pencil. And then each + +45:24.720 --> 45:27.480 +one is doing something, or maybe not, + +45:27.620 --> 45:30.620 +maybe they tell me tomorrow, or like like + +45:30.620 --> 45:34.600 +this, and they can do some movement or + +45:34.600 --> 45:36.540 +something that comes to their mind, or + +45:36.540 --> 45:42.440 +talking or singing or whatever. And this I + +45:42.440 --> 45:45.520 +do actually many, many, like for weeks, + +45:45.660 --> 45:49.000 +and also bringing maybe other ideas into + +45:49.000 --> 45:51.520 +it, but the questions are all around + +45:51.520 --> 45:57.460 +something, kind of. But these These weeks + +45:57.460 --> 46:03.180 +are just like making material or try to + +46:03.180 --> 46:06.220 +find material because actually it will be + +46:06.220 --> 46:10.380 +maybe 5% of what we are all doing maybe + +46:10.380 --> 46:15.140 +will arrive in the work. So the final + +46:15.140 --> 46:18.220 +process to when to start, I mean, it's + +46:18.220 --> 46:23.140 +much, much later and also never from from + +46:23.140 --> 46:24.540 +the beginning it's something so + +46:24.540 --> 46:27.400 +complicated and so delicate when you try + +46:27.400 --> 46:30.040 +to put two little things together. And + +46:30.040 --> 46:31.840 +when you try that little bit with another + +46:31.840 --> 46:33.960 +one, it's completely different. It means + +46:33.960 --> 46:35.420 +something else. It feels something + +46:35.420 --> 46:37.840 +different. And when you add a music even + +46:37.840 --> 46:41.880 +too, it's so complicated and it's so rich + +46:41.880 --> 46:44.460 +and it's endless and possibilities. So you + +46:44.460 --> 46:44.820 +have to + +46:54.380 --> 46:55.780 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_b_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_b_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1901d16 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_b_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1694 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:05.980 --> 00:08.340 +Yeah, so you're having, you have this + +00:08.340 --> 00:10.900 +movement and you can hear very well when + +00:10.900 --> 00:13.460 +you open and it's just your, you don't + +00:13.460 --> 00:15.780 +think about your step, they're just tired + +00:15.780 --> 00:18.460 +the legs, so they're you're deep and you + +00:18.460 --> 00:21.120 +walk with your chest. So for me it's like + +00:21.120 --> 00:25.280 +you are walking like this, walking here. + +00:25.280 --> 00:29.080 +here, then we have this movement, this + +00:29.080 --> 00:35.620 +one, over, + +00:35.840 --> 00:39.300 +hold circle to here, and then through the + +00:39.300 --> 00:44.060 +back, through the back, here, and then + +00:44.060 --> 00:51.920 +quick up, and again down, quick up, and + +00:51.920 --> 00:54.720 +down, Oh yeah, and then you have your + +00:54.720 --> 00:56.760 +accent, so you do again this one. + +01:03.740 --> 01:06.980 +Okay. Yeah, and then it tells you to stop + +01:06.980 --> 01:11.580 +anyway. Marking maybe from this part. + +01:15.620 --> 01:20.380 +So from the music, we like just like let's + +01:20.380 --> 01:23.060 +learn the music. I think, Matthias, when + +01:23.060 --> 01:23.580 +we're... + +02:18.420 --> 02:21.640 +Okay, okay. This is with the steps also, + +02:21.820 --> 02:25.440 +no? This one is still with the, like with + +02:25.440 --> 02:29.260 +the raw, still like with the raw. And + +02:29.260 --> 02:32.000 +step, step, so it's a kind of step, step, + +02:32.060 --> 02:34.440 +yes, it's only in small, but the rhythm, + +02:34.540 --> 02:35.240 +but the feet stay. + +02:40.940 --> 02:47.520 +Then from here, you + +02:47.520 --> 02:51.040 +go in this direction, you have a small + +02:51.040 --> 02:59.500 +attitude, leg, leg, arm, arm, this, again + +02:59.500 --> 03:02.700 +this movement, Till you have an attitude, + +03:02.980 --> 03:08.720 +then you have this what the men do before, + +03:09.000 --> 03:16.240 +this, this, cut, passe, passe soutenu, + +03:16.360 --> 03:23.700 +till here, big raw to the floor, on the + +03:23.700 --> 03:25.120 +knee, yeah, all the way to the, yes, like + +03:25.120 --> 03:30.120 +that turn around very low and then very + +03:30.120 --> 03:37.100 +very front and one yes big fall and then + +03:37.100 --> 03:41.180 +you push back and you go again into this + +03:41.180 --> 03:49.260 +movement one. This, this, this, arm, arm. + +03:50.340 --> 03:53.300 +Here we won't have time really. And then + +03:53.300 --> 04:00.440 +comes turn, turn, Hop, step, step. Yes, + +04:00.500 --> 04:03.020 +yeah. So, yeah. + +04:09.620 --> 04:11.980 +Then you have to go a little bit backwards + +04:11.980 --> 04:14.020 +again to the foot, otherwise you are + +04:14.020 --> 04:17.980 +traveling too far. So you go always like + +04:17.980 --> 04:22.460 +it stays on the spot, yes. But not, not, + +04:22.460 --> 04:24.520 +not, the steps are not too big. the step + +04:24.520 --> 04:33.620 +is not too big yeah yeah + +04:33.620 --> 04:36.220 +okay okay yes + +04:42.280 --> 04:42.820 +whatever + +04:47.460 --> 04:50.120 +from the attitude you know where we ended + +04:56.460 --> 04:57.100 +Yeah. + +04:59.720 --> 05:01.120 +Yeah, yeah, yeah, okay. + +05:05.020 --> 05:05.660 +Also... + +05:52.600 --> 05:54.000 + + +06:06.940 --> 06:09.920 +but we're coming soon to the end anyway + +06:13.440 --> 06:16.780 +marking again just but mark really you + +06:16.780 --> 06:19.980 +know it's it's hard fernando + +06:24.380 --> 06:27.760 +Yeah, come a bit more forward. No, my + +06:27.760 --> 06:28.640 +reserve is still a bit. + +07:23.340 --> 07:23.700 + + +07:35.840 --> 07:39.140 +Okay, okay, okay, okay. Now with this new + +07:39.140 --> 07:44.580 +music, you're having a parallel jump in + +07:44.580 --> 07:47.020 +contraction. You're having the arms like + +07:47.020 --> 07:50.140 +this in the jump. It's fist, actually + +07:50.140 --> 07:50.860 +fist, no? + +07:57.960 --> 08:02.780 +Yeah, this, then it's like very fast. It's + +08:02.780 --> 08:08.040 +the turn, this, you turn, but this goes + +08:08.040 --> 08:10.660 +into, you turn like this, but this goes + +08:10.660 --> 08:11.940 +into this movement. + +08:15.580 --> 08:20.980 +You jump like this, you jump here. then + +08:20.980 --> 08:24.860 +you start the turn like this and from here + +08:24.860 --> 08:28.380 +you already touch it again you meet and + +08:28.380 --> 08:33.520 +you go into this movement this into the + +08:33.520 --> 08:35.900 +move and then you will be interrupted and + +08:35.900 --> 08:39.780 +you do another one i'm sorry i'm sorry i + +08:39.780 --> 08:42.780 +mixed it up with the second time yes oh + +08:42.780 --> 08:48.940 +sorry I mix it up with the second time. So + +08:48.940 --> 08:56.200 +again, so you have this, you turn into + +08:56.200 --> 09:04.320 +this and it comes here, down and up. go + +09:04.320 --> 09:11.700 +into this and open and down and very quick + +09:11.700 --> 09:16.600 +up you're done either way up and a little + +09:16.600 --> 09:19.840 +bit of this woman and then it's just like + +09:19.840 --> 09:22.500 +you just have no energy just on the knees + +09:22.500 --> 09:25.920 +they collapse and then And then just ploof + +09:25.920 --> 09:31.080 +and back. + +09:31.940 --> 09:37.080 +And actually, well anyway, that routine is + +09:37.080 --> 09:37.800 +before actually. + +09:41.020 --> 09:47.540 +And then goes the whole diagonal. Jump, + +09:47.880 --> 09:51.080 +accent, accent. + +09:54.580 --> 09:58.260 +Then actually you're over there, very far. + +09:58.480 --> 10:03.660 +I speak here anyway. So you are, then + +10:03.660 --> 10:06.680 +comes again this one with this movement + +10:06.680 --> 10:11.140 +but without the turn. You do jump again. + +10:11.560 --> 10:15.000 +It goes into this movement and the music + +10:15.000 --> 10:17.100 +will interrupt you. So we have to kind of + +10:17.100 --> 10:20.660 +do another one. So and to the hands, to + +10:20.660 --> 10:21.140 +the face. + +10:26.660 --> 10:30.180 +Yes, and then it's this music where it + +10:30.180 --> 10:32.020 +happened to you. You have to continue. + +10:32.200 --> 10:37.020 +Yes, it's like, yes. You go kind of + +10:37.020 --> 10:40.440 +middle. Yeah. + +10:46.100 --> 10:46.460 +up + +10:55.200 --> 10:58.600 +and then the last one is a mixture out of + +10:58.600 --> 11:02.940 +this movement and out of this moment the + +11:02.940 --> 11:05.960 +very quick ones on the end so where do we + +11:05.960 --> 11:07.660 +start from + +11:12.480 --> 11:15.040 +Music like? It's easier with music, the + +11:15.040 --> 11:20.720 +music tells you. And no more really. . + +11:21.920 --> 11:24.520 +Yeah, stop, yes. Okay, do from here. Here, + +11:24.540 --> 11:25.640 +altitude. + +11:44.040 --> 11:44.740 +Up. + +12:02.140 --> 12:05.000 +Yes, it's many times more, more than that, + +12:05.100 --> 12:06.580 +but anyway, you don't have to go on this + +12:06.580 --> 12:09.820 +actually. Is this the other leg? + +12:15.480 --> 12:20.060 +Yes, and turn, turn, up, open, open, down, + +12:20.240 --> 12:23.740 +up. That's very quickly, up, up. and then + +12:23.740 --> 12:29.320 +comes right away this one. This one and + +12:29.320 --> 12:36.520 +knee, fall and And... + +12:47.100 --> 12:49.440 +Just try it down, this time you're here, + +12:49.600 --> 12:51.360 +and then you have either way, yes. + +12:57.040 --> 12:59.100 +One time, then a jump again. + +13:08.340 --> 13:12.800 +No, the outside leg. The outside leg + +13:12.800 --> 13:14.600 +always. Yes. + +13:18.420 --> 13:23.720 +And then into + +13:23.720 --> 13:24.280 +the middle. + +13:40.320 --> 13:46.560 +This is like over the music, the end, well + +13:46.560 --> 13:50.660 +you know the music anyway. Anyway. From + +13:50.660 --> 13:51.060 +here. + +13:56.560 --> 13:59.020 +From the place where we were just now, + +13:59.120 --> 13:59.400 +Matthias. + +14:44.920 --> 14:49.200 + Let's go. + +15:50.380 --> 15:50.780 +Matthias? + +15:54.620 --> 15:56.260 +But really, she's also resting, right? + +15:57.400 --> 15:58.240 +Yes, I'm resting. + +16:01.300 --> 16:02.940 +I'm making sure. Yes, yes, yes. + +16:34.080 --> 16:36.020 +Okay. Okay. I don't know about after you. + +16:56.820 --> 16:58.220 +Thank you. + +17:32.680 --> 17:40.140 +I want to + +17:40.140 --> 17:47.180 +ask + +17:47.180 --> 17:47.720 +if you have the + +18:16.300 --> 18:21.480 + You want to mark it. + +19:16.300 --> 19:17.700 + + +19:46.300 --> 19:47.700 + + +20:47.020 --> 20:47.400 + + +21:16.300 --> 21:17.700 + + +22:16.720 --> 22:17.600 + + +23:08.920 --> 23:11.720 +Thank you. + +23:17.720 --> 23:18.760 +Thank you. + +23:53.120 --> 23:56.140 +Actually, I didn't know how long it takes, + +23:56.240 --> 23:58.320 +but I thought if we start something, we + +23:58.320 --> 24:00.400 +have to kind of go through the whole + +24:00.400 --> 24:02.280 +thing. It's terribly hard. It's really, + +24:02.420 --> 24:04.960 +and I think they did fantastic. And + +24:04.960 --> 24:06.680 +actually, I thought we'd do something + +24:06.680 --> 24:08.720 +else, but it's almost the opposite, very + +24:08.720 --> 24:11.680 +light and very nice, very funny, but I + +24:11.680 --> 24:14.660 +think it got too late. So I thought I just + +24:14.660 --> 24:16.440 +I just wanted to do two very different + +24:16.440 --> 24:21.420 +things, but it's already. To warm down. To + +24:21.420 --> 24:23.180 +warm down. To warm down. To warm down. To + +24:23.180 --> 24:28.240 +warm down. I know. Yeah. 1980? It's too + +24:28.240 --> 24:31.340 +short, so I think. Uh-huh. I think it's + +24:31.340 --> 24:31.560 +too cold. + +24:35.460 --> 24:36.760 +I think they want to speak. It's around + +24:36.760 --> 24:39.520 +them. It looks like we only have three + +24:39.520 --> 24:41.600 +seats, so we'll have to play musical + +24:41.600 --> 24:43.460 +chairs. Yeah, but anyway, you have to, you + +24:43.460 --> 24:46.380 +have to. I'll let you cool down. Sonst + +24:46.380 --> 24:47.980 +komme ich darauf zurück. Tut euch mal was + +24:47.980 --> 24:51.860 +anziehen und trinkt Wasser. Is it on? + +24:51.860 --> 24:54.460 +Yeah. Yeah. More chairs? Yeah, why don't + +24:54.460 --> 24:55.440 +you bring out a couple more chairs. + +25:10.960 --> 25:13.080 +Pina, do you want to sit down here? We can + +25:13.080 --> 25:13.740 +start here. + +25:22.140 --> 25:24.960 +As you can see, this is a, actually you're + +25:24.960 --> 25:28.840 +participating, you're spectating in the + +25:28.840 --> 25:31.120 +context of an improvised three-act play. + +25:31.420 --> 25:35.900 +And this is the second act. And it's going + +25:35.900 --> 25:38.300 +to be a divided act in the sense that the + +25:38.300 --> 25:41.860 +first part of it will consist in a sort of + +25:41.860 --> 25:45.280 +a fairly informal conversation between + +25:45.280 --> 25:48.000 +myself and and Pina Bausch and hopefully + +25:48.000 --> 25:50.080 +the dancers once they've recovered from + +25:50.080 --> 25:52.620 +their efforts and then in the second half + +25:52.620 --> 25:54.360 +I'm going to just open up the floor to a + +25:54.360 --> 25:56.440 +general conversation so members of the + +25:56.440 --> 25:59.940 +audience will be invited to ask their + +25:59.940 --> 26:03.720 +questions and then the third act the + +26:03.720 --> 26:06.600 +triumphal act will be where we feed you + +26:06.600 --> 26:10.200 +out in the courtyard out here as a + +26:10.200 --> 26:13.600 +conclusion of the event and it is meant as + +26:13.600 --> 26:15.960 +a genuine third act in the sense that it + +26:15.960 --> 26:17.880 +is participatory but it's participatory + +26:17.880 --> 26:19.940 +not just in the gastronomical sense it's + +26:19.940 --> 26:23.080 +your opportunity to actually meet with + +26:23.080 --> 26:26.120 +with Peter Bausch herself with the dancers + +26:26.120 --> 26:30.040 +who will be partaking of our repast with + +26:30.040 --> 26:33.420 +us I thought as a kind of introduction to + +26:33.420 --> 26:36.680 +our conversation I would ask you since the + +26:36.680 --> 26:39.480 +Rite of Spring is a piece that has been a + +26:39.480 --> 26:44.020 +long been a part of your career and it is + +26:44.020 --> 26:46.340 +one of the central monuments in a sense in + +26:46.340 --> 26:50.040 +the history of modern dance it's a piece + +26:50.040 --> 26:53.080 +of music and the choreographies of which + +26:53.080 --> 26:55.660 +have really marked the entire history of + +26:55.660 --> 27:00.400 +modern dance and it's also a dance and a + +27:00.400 --> 27:03.000 +piece of music that is so much built + +27:03.000 --> 27:07.380 +around the polarity of dance as associated + +27:07.380 --> 27:09.860 +with renewal on the one side with + +27:09.860 --> 27:11.960 +resurgent life and on the other side with + +27:11.960 --> 27:15.300 +with depth with expenditure I was just + +27:15.300 --> 27:18.040 +curious as a sort of starting question ask + +27:18.040 --> 27:20.900 +you what your personal relationship is to + +27:20.900 --> 27:22.480 +this piece I mean in what sense it's a + +27:22.480 --> 27:23.720 +piece that you've returned to in in the + +27:23.720 --> 27:26.040 +course of your career as a dancer and a + +27:26.040 --> 27:27.980 +choreographer. Anne McLean, You mean why + +27:27.980 --> 27:29.960 +we are doing it again or something? + +27:30.720 --> 27:33.720 +Actually, we keep a very big repertoire. I + +27:33.720 --> 27:39.680 +do every day, every year a new work and we + +27:39.680 --> 27:43.820 +have, we perform about 12, 14 different + +27:43.820 --> 27:46.640 +evenings from the repertoire in a year. + +27:47.280 --> 27:50.140 +And sometimes because of, I don't know for + +27:50.140 --> 27:52.360 +certain because because of where we travel + +27:52.360 --> 27:55.220 +or because a dancer is leaving or + +27:55.220 --> 27:57.240 +something, so we lose a piece. And then + +27:57.240 --> 27:59.740 +every year I try also to have one of the + +27:59.740 --> 28:01.880 +old ones. But Sacre we always carry with + +28:01.880 --> 28:04.860 +us the whole time. We always perform it + +28:04.860 --> 28:08.340 +from time to time. So it was always there. + +28:11.040 --> 28:15.940 +And so in a way it's also very healthy, I + +28:15.940 --> 28:18.640 +think, for the company, the new ones. + +28:19.320 --> 28:21.900 +Everybody everybody have to kind of go + +28:21.900 --> 28:25.140 +through many different things. And the + +28:25.140 --> 28:27.660 +other way, many people sometimes say, why + +28:27.660 --> 28:29.440 +don't you do another Sacre? And I say, but + +28:29.440 --> 28:32.660 +we do Sacre. It makes me also with each + +28:32.660 --> 28:35.220 +new work, I have to open another door. So + +28:35.220 --> 28:38.260 +if I keep my own works like if they are, I + +28:38.260 --> 28:40.360 +have to always like go somewhere else. + +28:40.440 --> 28:43.500 +What I think is very good to do. But in + +28:43.500 --> 28:45.340 +the course of your performance of it, do + +28:45.340 --> 28:49.780 +you alter the basic way way in which you + +28:49.780 --> 28:54.580 +present the piece, the different aspects + +28:54.580 --> 28:56.760 +of the choreography itself, or has it + +28:56.760 --> 28:58.580 +remained relatively stable in the course + +28:58.580 --> 29:01.760 +of the years? No, I try to do what I did + +29:01.760 --> 29:05.320 +in the beginning. And the first + +29:05.320 --> 29:07.400 +performance, it goes back to the mid-70s? + +29:07.540 --> 29:12.280 +Yes, 76 or something, no? 77. + +29:16.740 --> 29:19.280 +I haven't seen the original staging of it, + +29:19.340 --> 29:21.080 +but in the ordinary staging, you were + +29:21.080 --> 29:22.520 +referring to the fact that this is a real + +29:22.520 --> 29:24.480 +floor, but you would ordinarily perform it + +29:24.480 --> 29:27.920 +with loam or peat moss. Yeah, this is with + +29:27.920 --> 29:32.560 +turf. I don't know, turf. And so it's a + +29:32.560 --> 29:34.520 +completely different experience. I mean, + +29:34.560 --> 29:36.860 +there are many, many dancers involved in + +29:36.860 --> 29:40.720 +this piece, and the music is incredible. + +29:40.720 --> 29:43.440 +It's incredible. It's so strong. It's + +29:43.440 --> 29:46.620 +very, very energetic. This is just a + +29:46.620 --> 29:53.260 +little bit from the end. But what I like + +29:53.260 --> 29:57.820 +about the earth, + +29:58.060 --> 30:02.740 +the talk, because the effect it has on the + +30:02.740 --> 30:04.820 +body. First of all, also, it's completely + +30:04.820 --> 30:07.480 +different to, it's all about the earth. + +30:07.580 --> 30:09.720 +Also the starting, I mean, why they are + +30:09.720 --> 30:12.620 +arriving there and all this. But also + +30:12.620 --> 30:14.580 +because when they start sweating and + +30:14.580 --> 30:16.640 +moving, so it sticks onto them. So when + +30:16.640 --> 30:20.320 +they fall, they are everywhere full of + +30:20.320 --> 30:22.220 +earth. So you should see them when they + +30:22.220 --> 30:24.300 +are all after the, when they come for + +30:24.300 --> 30:26.720 +buying, it's like they are all over with + +30:26.720 --> 30:29.220 +earth and they look fantastic, I think. + +30:32.760 --> 30:34.140 +It's interesting that you mention that + +30:34.140 --> 30:36.020 +because in the piece that you've been you + +30:36.020 --> 30:37.580 +were performing at Zellerbach, Nelken + +30:37.580 --> 30:40.560 +carnations, the stage is covered with with + +30:40.560 --> 30:42.280 +carnations with hundreds and hundreds of + +30:42.280 --> 30:44.920 +fresh carnations and similarly they're not + +30:44.920 --> 30:49.380 +fresh, they look fresh from the audience, + +30:49.500 --> 30:52.760 +but in any case the sort of interaction + +30:52.760 --> 30:54.900 +between the bodies and the support, this + +30:54.900 --> 30:57.660 +natural support is a central feature of + +30:57.660 --> 30:58.000 +the piece. + +31:01.260 --> 31:05.220 +How did it first, the notion of using + +31:05.220 --> 31:08.260 +these kinds of, they're not natural + +31:08.260 --> 31:10.740 +landscapes obviously, but they're ways of + +31:10.740 --> 31:13.880 +transforming the stage first arise in your + +31:13.880 --> 31:14.120 +work? + +31:17.300 --> 31:21.680 +Well of course when it's already, it's + +31:21.680 --> 31:26.400 +usually a later moment when to think about + +31:26.400 --> 31:29.780 +on what is the stage like. Because first + +31:29.780 --> 31:34.120 +always only + +31:34.120 --> 31:36.700 +when I know in what kind of direction this + +31:36.700 --> 31:40.260 +piece will go, then it's only possible to + +31:40.260 --> 31:47.660 +speak what could be. And me, myself, I + +31:47.660 --> 31:50.900 +like very much the experience that you + +31:50.900 --> 31:54.080 +have to pay an attention to something. So + +31:54.080 --> 31:58.220 +it's always a different experience, you + +31:58.220 --> 32:01.360 +know, like it's very sensual in a way. + +32:01.360 --> 32:04.840 +Also we have a piece like, you come in the + +32:04.840 --> 32:08.600 +opera house and the whole stage is, the + +32:08.600 --> 32:11.920 +walls is grass, green grass. Or another + +32:11.920 --> 32:15.280 +piece is water. And of course all this, + +32:15.440 --> 32:18.480 +there are so many things, you know. With + +32:18.480 --> 32:20.760 +the grass it's a different smell, it's + +32:20.760 --> 32:23.600 +silence, there are sometimes mosquitoes + +32:23.600 --> 32:27.480 +and little things. and it changes with + +32:27.480 --> 32:30.740 +images it gets another it gets something + +32:30.740 --> 32:34.480 +else so it can with certain things so it + +32:34.480 --> 32:38.300 +is a grass change and and you look at the + +32:38.300 --> 32:40.100 +grass completely different you look at the + +32:40.100 --> 32:44.560 +grass new like in a place where it didn't + +32:44.560 --> 32:48.760 +belong also all the experience and things + +32:48.760 --> 32:51.880 +in water happen because of It's like a + +32:51.880 --> 32:55.360 +mirror in a way. All the dresses are wet, + +32:55.660 --> 32:58.900 +the clothes get heavy, they are freezing. + +32:59.340 --> 33:02.480 +It makes certain music, it makes a lot of + +33:02.480 --> 33:05.460 +noise. You can splash the water, you can + +33:05.460 --> 33:08.600 +do all kinds of things with the water. And + +33:08.600 --> 33:11.560 +it has so many different meanings too. And + +33:11.560 --> 33:17.740 +so for me, all this together means a lot. + +33:17.740 --> 33:19.720 +Not only the movement, but for me the + +33:19.720 --> 33:24.160 +space, the music, the audience, also + +33:24.160 --> 33:31.900 +everything I think I'd like to join + +33:31.900 --> 33:35.540 +or something. Speaking of that, I mean + +33:35.540 --> 33:38.080 +frequently, as was the case at Zellerbach + +33:38.080 --> 33:41.060 +for instance, your company is performing + +33:41.060 --> 33:44.440 +in fairly traditional window box type + +33:44.440 --> 33:46.440 +stages. I mean stages where there's a + +33:46.440 --> 33:48.760 +separation between audience and + +33:48.760 --> 33:50.520 +performance space. That's a little bit + +33:50.520 --> 33:52.880 +less true here where we're in a gymnasium + +33:52.880 --> 33:54.580 +which essentially is used for athletic + +33:54.580 --> 33:56.760 +events, but other kinds of events as well. + +33:57.900 --> 34:01.420 +What I mean for you, what is an ideal + +34:01.420 --> 34:03.440 +performance situation given exactly the + +34:03.440 --> 34:06.860 +concept of spectacle that's inclusive that + +34:06.860 --> 34:12.240 +you were just describing? I think it had + +34:12.240 --> 34:15.000 +to do with where I was. I mean this was a + +34:15.000 --> 34:21.540 +fantastic possibility and these pieces are + +34:21.540 --> 34:25.560 +made also for being in a normal theater + +34:25.560 --> 34:32.360 +because I mean it's even you know even to + +34:32.360 --> 34:34.980 +put water on the stage it means for me I + +34:34.980 --> 34:37.260 +like the water in the opera house. It's + +34:37.260 --> 34:39.660 +already it means something so if you put + +34:39.660 --> 34:41.960 +water somewhere else it's not the same but + +34:41.960 --> 34:44.460 +in the opera house it's special. So it's + +34:44.460 --> 34:47.920 +already, so I think it's already the + +34:47.920 --> 34:51.620 +switch is, in this case, you know, I never + +34:51.620 --> 34:54.400 +had the possibility to do different, but + +34:54.400 --> 34:57.540 +not because, not only the possibilities, + +34:57.800 --> 34:59.880 +but because we also, we are traveling a + +34:59.880 --> 35:02.260 +lot, so it's for us also important, this + +35:02.260 --> 35:04.840 +work, they need a certain space and a + +35:04.840 --> 35:08.760 +certain size and possibilities, + +35:11.620 --> 35:15.100 +If I would do a piece in a certain space, + +35:15.300 --> 35:17.600 +that means it can't travel. It's also + +35:17.600 --> 35:22.000 +complicated, you know. I was curious about + +35:22.000 --> 35:23.960 +that because in a certain tradition of, + +35:24.520 --> 35:26.760 +well in some of the cases that really the + +35:26.760 --> 35:28.680 +founding, the inaugural cases in the + +35:28.680 --> 35:31.660 +history of dance, particularly the strain + +35:31.660 --> 35:33.960 +in dance theater that leads into + +35:33.960 --> 35:36.600 +expression dance, dance, the notion of + +35:36.600 --> 35:38.800 +outdoor performance was absolutely central + +35:38.800 --> 35:41.660 +to the whole sense of dance's social + +35:41.660 --> 35:42.000 +mission. + +35:46.000 --> 35:48.720 +So your particular variation on having + +35:48.720 --> 35:50.500 +grass in the opera house or water in the + +35:50.500 --> 35:51.500 +opera house seems like a particularly + +35:51.500 --> 35:55.460 +ironic twist. Sometimes we performed also + +35:55.460 --> 35:57.740 +outdoor, of course, but this were also, + +35:57.820 --> 35:59.920 +but there's is only with pieces possible + +35:59.920 --> 36:05.040 +which are having nothing important what is + +36:05.040 --> 36:07.680 +used from hanging or certain things and + +36:07.680 --> 36:13.940 +also and it depends on the space. One + +36:13.940 --> 36:17.340 +question I wanted to ask you that seems to + +36:17.340 --> 36:19.920 +be a really striking feature of your the + +36:19.920 --> 36:23.000 +way in which you construct scenes and your + +36:23.000 --> 36:27.200 +different performances is the the emphasis + +36:27.200 --> 36:29.760 +on bodies falling to the ground, the + +36:29.760 --> 36:31.260 +contact between bodies and the ground. You + +36:31.260 --> 36:33.960 +just mentioned in the case of your staging + +36:33.960 --> 36:37.540 +of the Rite of Spring, the importance for + +36:37.540 --> 36:40.240 +you that the bodies bear the trace of the + +36:40.240 --> 36:44.560 +support on which they perform. Whereas so + +36:44.560 --> 36:46.780 +much of classical ballet, and a great deal + +36:46.780 --> 36:50.920 +of modern and contemporary dance focuses + +36:50.920 --> 36:53.840 +so much on aerial effects. Is that + +36:53.840 --> 36:57.120 +something that you do a lot of thinking + +36:57.120 --> 37:00.260 +about it seems like such a strong current + +37:00.260 --> 37:03.940 +in your work. I think this is in each work + +37:03.940 --> 37:06.460 +is it's different it's very different but + +37:06.460 --> 37:09.400 +I I think in in the Rite of Spring of + +37:09.400 --> 37:13.280 +course I I feel it's it's very the the + +37:13.280 --> 37:17.200 +music it's I think the music is telling me + +37:17.200 --> 37:22.140 +that. You're just taking dictation. Yes in + +37:22.140 --> 37:26.320 +that case yes I mean this is with Sacre + +37:26.320 --> 37:30.340 +and also a few other pieces which when I + +37:30.340 --> 37:34.980 +really saw this incredible strength and + +37:34.980 --> 37:38.240 +this feeling what was in this music where + +37:38.240 --> 37:40.400 +I felt I have something to do with. I + +37:40.400 --> 37:44.940 +wanted very much to try to do. But other + +37:44.940 --> 37:49.960 +works, they are not fixed. It s like I + +37:49.960 --> 37:53.580 +take many different different musics and I + +37:53.580 --> 37:56.260 +make a new work and that's completely + +37:56.260 --> 37:58.500 +different then. And it depends also the + +37:58.500 --> 38:00.640 +big influence on the dancers also, the + +38:00.640 --> 38:03.520 +people which are in the company. It also + +38:03.520 --> 38:06.960 +has an influence and also in which time we + +38:06.960 --> 38:09.300 +are living. So it's not just doing a + +38:09.300 --> 38:12.100 +choreography but I think being aware of + +38:12.100 --> 38:16.240 +the feelings we are all having or what we + +38:16.240 --> 38:18.100 +are knowing or all all these kind of + +38:18.100 --> 38:20.880 +things, it all takes part. + +38:24.100 --> 38:28.600 +And if what we had seen this evening was + +38:28.600 --> 38:32.720 +instead of a rehearsal of a piece that + +38:32.720 --> 38:36.580 +you've choreographed and represented many, + +38:36.720 --> 38:39.320 +many times, if you were in the process of + +38:39.320 --> 38:41.580 +developing a new piece, what would have + +38:41.580 --> 38:43.520 +been different about what the audience + +38:43.520 --> 38:48.060 +experienced tonight? I mean, this is also + +38:48.060 --> 38:50.360 +quite unusual because usually we don't do + +38:50.360 --> 38:52.360 +this. I mean, that I'm teaching this solo + +38:52.360 --> 38:55.140 +to now all the dancers, this was like also + +38:55.140 --> 38:56.420 +an exception, I must say. + +39:00.360 --> 39:04.200 +Well, it's of course, what is very + +39:04.200 --> 39:06.160 +different. + +39:07.460 --> 39:10.300 +I mean, here you can still you feel what + +39:10.300 --> 39:14.420 +is sacred. But in the other works, there + +39:14.420 --> 39:17.120 +are so many little different stories + +39:17.120 --> 39:20.120 +inside or thoughts or images or whatever, + +39:20.300 --> 39:25.960 +what comes out of it. And each of the + +39:25.960 --> 39:30.380 +dancers, each one is in a different way + +39:30.380 --> 39:32.680 +important and also their certain + +39:32.680 --> 39:37.160 +personality and the way how the influence + +39:37.160 --> 39:40.160 +and also they each have their own dances, + +39:40.300 --> 39:45.140 +their own different way of dancing and + +39:45.140 --> 39:48.640 +choreography. So that's completely, it's + +39:48.640 --> 39:51.100 +very complicated. I mean, it's just like + +39:51.900 --> 39:56.620 +the best is to see it. That's always true. + +39:57.740 --> 40:00.400 +But I guess what I was curious about is in + +40:00.400 --> 40:02.040 +terms of your working method, when you're + +40:02.040 --> 40:05.820 +developing a new piece, What's the degree + +40:05.820 --> 40:11.480 +to which you have a fairly clear concept + +40:11.480 --> 40:14.600 +of what the shape of a particular passage + +40:14.600 --> 40:17.500 +should be versus what happens by accident, + +40:17.740 --> 40:22.620 +by serendipity, by virtue, by dint of + +40:22.620 --> 40:26.960 +improvisation? I think that is a very big + +40:26.960 --> 40:29.320 +change from when I started the way how I + +40:29.320 --> 40:32.540 +work now. In the beginning when I came + +40:32.540 --> 40:39.720 +having this company in Bukhara, I always + +40:39.720 --> 40:42.800 +tried to prepare everything, to be very + +40:42.800 --> 40:45.220 +prepared and planned and thought + +40:45.220 --> 40:47.960 +everything because I was scared. I was + +40:47.960 --> 40:50.700 +afraid somebody asked me, what do we do? + +40:50.800 --> 40:54.100 +And I said, I don't know. So I was + +40:54.100 --> 40:58.140 +thinking of everything and then I never + +40:58.140 --> 41:00.340 +come into this situation. I was terribly + +41:00.340 --> 41:03.840 +scared to say or to speak about it because + +41:03.840 --> 41:09.080 +for me, in one way I don't find the right + +41:09.080 --> 41:11.420 +word. In another way, I always feel like + +41:11.420 --> 41:14.300 +if I say something too important, I never + +41:14.300 --> 41:17.360 +can reach what I say. I mean, it's better + +41:17.360 --> 41:19.100 +I don't say nothing and hopefully + +41:19.100 --> 41:21.720 +something arrives. you know. + +41:25.540 --> 41:29.900 +But already in the beginning I felt + +41:29.900 --> 41:33.840 +sometimes you know you work and certainly + +41:34.640 --> 41:37.520 +something happened in the rehearsal, you + +41:37.520 --> 41:39.420 +see something very little but has nothing + +41:39.420 --> 41:42.540 +to do with what you have planned and you + +41:42.540 --> 41:44.700 +don't know exactly why is it so important. + +41:45.640 --> 41:47.680 +Why is it It's so important. Then you have + +41:47.680 --> 41:50.180 +to think, I mean, you have to think what + +41:50.180 --> 41:53.020 +you do. I mean, is this what you think, + +41:53.060 --> 41:55.100 +why, what you like most certainly so much + +41:55.100 --> 41:58.000 +and interest you, do you follow this or + +41:58.000 --> 42:00.140 +you follow your plan? So what I did, I + +42:00.140 --> 42:02.600 +followed always that. I left my plans + +42:02.600 --> 42:03.220 +behind. + +42:08.800 --> 42:10.880 +That is also very difficult. + +42:14.240 --> 42:16.960 +You go somewhere where you don't know it + +42:16.960 --> 42:19.940 +brings you. So in a way you have to just + +42:19.940 --> 42:26.180 +trust it and actually we are there, the + +42:26.180 --> 42:29.000 +company and me, and life is there. And now + +42:29.000 --> 42:32.400 +what do we do? We speak about life, about + +42:32.400 --> 42:35.360 +love, about everything what is important, + +42:35.360 --> 42:39.540 +of course + +42:39.540 --> 42:43.680 +in the beginning of the years I had I + +42:43.680 --> 42:48.200 +judged some like I did if you gain you of + +42:48.200 --> 42:51.840 +Taurus from look an opera and it like a + +42:51.840 --> 42:54.820 +dance opera I did it just with dancers and + +42:54.820 --> 42:57.180 +also offers in a really good I did blue + +42:57.180 --> 43:02.340 +beard I did soccer and and the seven + +43:02.340 --> 43:05.240 +deadly sins. But at the same time already + +43:05.240 --> 43:08.720 +I did other works. I just things I like. + +43:09.140 --> 43:13.120 +And because also, you see these pieces + +43:13.120 --> 43:14.720 +which I was just telling you, that means + +43:14.720 --> 43:17.200 +there is like a solo part in it. There is + +43:17.200 --> 43:19.940 +a main figure. You know, if you give me + +43:19.940 --> 43:23.860 +the or here you have, I mean there's + +43:23.860 --> 43:25.480 +everybody in the choreography is very + +43:25.480 --> 43:27.700 +important, but still there is this girl on + +43:27.700 --> 43:31.300 +the end. It's the main part. and also in + +43:31.300 --> 43:32.880 +Bluebeard, you have Bluebeard and Judith. + +43:33.040 --> 43:35.120 +But then I had so many beautiful dancers. + +43:35.360 --> 43:37.680 +They are all so different personalities + +43:37.680 --> 43:40.200 +and so fantastic and each one very + +43:40.200 --> 43:43.640 +different. So I wanted very much to create + +43:43.640 --> 43:48.020 +something for them. So it started to be a + +43:48.020 --> 43:52.760 +completely different work. And I think we + +43:52.760 --> 43:57.760 +are speaking much more about in this work, + +43:57.880 --> 44:02.880 +heroes in that way don't exist. It's just + +44:02.880 --> 44:09.500 +like, it's talking about us. I mean, not + +44:09.500 --> 44:12.880 +us personally, not private. I don't mean + +44:12.880 --> 44:19.340 +this. And the way how to do this is of + +44:19.340 --> 44:21.220 +course each choreographer has to find + +44:21.220 --> 44:25.480 +their own way how to find, how to do this. + +44:25.660 --> 44:28.920 +Because when there is no piece, is no + +44:28.920 --> 44:31.640 +music, is no set, where do you start? You + +44:31.640 --> 44:36.020 +have to find a kind of way, you know, like + +44:36.020 --> 44:39.360 +I never did start from the beginning. I + +44:39.360 --> 44:43.620 +start with question, like maybe sometimes + +44:43.620 --> 44:45.980 +question I have to myself or other + +44:45.980 --> 44:49.360 +question and because I know what I want + +44:49.360 --> 44:52.520 +but I don't, has no shape, has no words. + +44:53.580 --> 44:56.980 +So but how can I find, how can I shape it, + +44:57.020 --> 44:58.980 +this what I really know what I'm looking + +44:58.980 --> 45:01.520 +for because it's really, it's so clear + +45:01.520 --> 45:03.740 +what I'm looking for but I couldn't say + +45:03.740 --> 45:09.160 +it, you know. So I start + +45:09.160 --> 45:13.060 +with many, many questions. And each one, + +45:13.160 --> 45:16.600 +each member in the company, they have this + +45:16.600 --> 45:18.860 +question, they sing, and then you think + +45:18.860 --> 45:20.800 +you are not in a dance studio, they sit + +45:20.800 --> 45:24.720 +and sing and do the pencil. And then each + +45:24.720 --> 45:27.480 +one is doing something, or maybe not, + +45:27.620 --> 45:30.620 +maybe they tell me tomorrow, or like like + +45:30.620 --> 45:34.600 +this, and they can do some movement or + +45:34.600 --> 45:36.540 +something that comes to their mind, or + +45:36.540 --> 45:42.440 +talking or singing or whatever. And this I + +45:42.440 --> 45:45.520 +do actually many, many, like for weeks, + +45:45.660 --> 45:49.000 +and also bringing maybe other ideas into + +45:49.000 --> 45:51.520 +it, but the questions are all around + +45:51.520 --> 45:57.460 +something, kind of. But these These weeks + +45:57.460 --> 46:03.180 +are just like making material or try to + +46:03.180 --> 46:06.220 +find material because actually it will be + +46:06.220 --> 46:10.380 +maybe 5% of what we are all doing maybe + +46:10.380 --> 46:15.140 +will arrive in the work. So the final + +46:15.140 --> 46:18.220 +process to when to start, I mean, it's + +46:18.220 --> 46:23.140 +much, much later and also never from from + +46:23.140 --> 46:24.540 +the beginning it's something so + +46:24.540 --> 46:27.400 +complicated and so delicate when you try + +46:27.400 --> 46:30.040 +to put two little things together. And + +46:30.040 --> 46:31.840 +when you try that little bit with another + +46:31.840 --> 46:33.960 +one, it's completely different. It means + +46:33.960 --> 46:35.420 +something else. It feels something + +46:35.420 --> 46:37.840 +different. And when you add a music even + +46:37.840 --> 46:41.880 +too, it's so complicated and it's so rich + +46:41.880 --> 46:44.460 +and it's endless and possibilities. So you + +46:44.460 --> 46:44.820 +have to + +46:54.380 --> 46:55.780 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_b_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_b_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..77bfcf2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/px070tk8203_b_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html @@ -0,0 +1,489 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

reference
transcript
f1Yeah, so you're having, you have this movement and you can hear very well when yf1Yeah, so you're having, you have this movement and you can hear very well when y
>ou open and it's just your, you don't think about your step, they're just tired >ou open and it's just your, you don't think about your step, they're just tired 
>the legs, so they're you're deep and you walk with your chest.>the legs, so they're you're deep and you walk with your chest.
2So for me it's like you are walking like this, walking here.2So for me it's like you are walking like this, walking here.
3here, then we have this movement, this one, over, hold circle to here, and then 3here, then we have this movement, this one, over, hold circle to here, and then 
>through the back, through the back, here, and then quick up, and again down, qui>through the back, through the back, here, and then quick up, and again down, qui
>ck up, and down, Oh yeah, and then you have your accent, so you do again this on>ck up, and down, Oh yeah, and then you have your accent, so you do again this on
>e.>e.
4Okay.4Okay.
5Yeah, and then it tells you to stop anyway.5Yeah, and then it tells you to stop anyway.
6Marking maybe from this part.6Marking maybe from this part.
7So from the music, we like just like let's learn the music.7So from the music, we like just like let's learn the music.
8I think, Matthias, when we're...8I think, Matthias, when we're...
9Okay, okay.9Okay, okay.
10This is with the steps also, no?10This is with the steps also, no?
11This one is still with the, like with the raw, still like with the raw.11This one is still with the, like with the raw, still like with the raw.
12And step, step, so it's a kind of step, step, yes, it's only in small, but the r12And step, step, so it's a kind of step, step, yes, it's only in small, but the r
>hythm, but the feet stay.>hythm, but the feet stay.
13Then from here, you go in this direction, you have a small attitude, leg, leg, a13Then from here, you go in this direction, you have a small attitude, leg, leg, a
>rm, arm, this, again this movement, Till you have an attitude, then you have thi>rm, arm, this, again this movement, Till you have an attitude, then you have thi
>s what the men do before, this, this, cut, passe, passe soutenu, till here, big >s what the men do before, this, this, cut, passe, passe soutenu, till here, big 
>raw to the floor, on the knee, yeah, all the way to the, yes, like that turn aro>raw to the floor, on the knee, yeah, all the way to the, yes, like that turn aro
>und very low and then very very front and one yes big fall and then you push bac>und very low and then very very front and one yes big fall and then you push bac
>k and you go again into this movement one.>k and you go again into this movement one.
14This, this, this, arm, arm.14This, this, this, arm, arm.
15Here we won't have time really.15Here we won't have time really.
16And then comes turn, turn, Hop, step, step.16And then comes turn, turn, Hop, step, step.
17Yes, yeah.17Yes, yeah.
18So, yeah.18So, yeah.
19Then you have to go a little bit backwards again to the foot, otherwise you are 19Then you have to go a little bit backwards again to the foot, otherwise you are 
>traveling too far.>traveling too far.
20So you go always like it stays on the spot, yes.20So you go always like it stays on the spot, yes.
21But not, not, not, the steps are not too big.21But not, not, not, the steps are not too big.
22the step is not too big yeah yeah okay okay yes whatever from the attitude you k22the step is not too big yeah yeah okay okay yes whatever from the attitude you k
>now where we ended Yeah.>now where we ended Yeah.
23Yeah, yeah, yeah, okay.23Yeah, yeah, yeah, okay.
24Also...24Also...
25but we're coming soon to the end anyway marking again just but mark really you k25but we're coming soon to the end anyway marking again just but mark really you k
>now it's it's hard fernando Yeah, come a bit more forward.>now it's it's hard fernando Yeah, come a bit more forward.
26No, my reserve is still a bit.26No, my reserve is still a bit.
27Okay, okay, okay, okay.27Okay, okay, okay, okay.
28Now with this new music, you're having a parallel jump in contraction.28Now with this new music, you're having a parallel jump in contraction.
29You're having the arms like this in the jump.29You're having the arms like this in the jump.
30It's fist, actually fist, no?30It's fist, actually fist, no?
31Yeah, this, then it's like very fast.31Yeah, this, then it's like very fast.
32It's the turn, this, you turn, but this goes into, you turn like this, but this 32It's the turn, this, you turn, but this goes into, you turn like this, but this 
>goes into this movement.>goes into this movement.
33You jump like this, you jump here.33You jump like this, you jump here.
34then you start the turn like this and from here you already touch it again you m34then you start the turn like this and from here you already touch it again you m
>eet and you go into this movement this into the move and then you will be interr>eet and you go into this movement this into the move and then you will be interr
>upted and you do another one i'm sorry i'm sorry i mixed it up with the second t>upted and you do another one i'm sorry i'm sorry i mixed it up with the second t
>ime yes oh sorry I mix it up with the second time.>ime yes oh sorry I mix it up with the second time.
35So again, so you have this, you turn into this and it comes here, down and up.35So again, so you have this, you turn into this and it comes here, down and up.
36go into this and open and down and very quick up you're done either way up and a36go into this and open and down and very quick up you're done either way up and a
> little bit of this woman and then it's just like you just have no energy just o> little bit of this woman and then it's just like you just have no energy just o
>n the knees they collapse and then And then just ploof and back.>n the knees they collapse and then And then just ploof and back.
37And actually, well anyway, that routine is before actually.37And actually, well anyway, that routine is before actually.
38And then goes the whole diagonal.38And then goes the whole diagonal.
39Jump, accent, accent.39Jump, accent, accent.
40Then actually you're over there, very far.40Then actually you're over there, very far.
41I speak here anyway.41I speak here anyway.
42So you are, then comes again this one with this movement but without the turn.42So you are, then comes again this one with this movement but without the turn.
43You do jump again.43You do jump again.
44It goes into this movement and the music will interrupt you.44It goes into this movement and the music will interrupt you.
45So we have to kind of do another one.45So we have to kind of do another one.
46So and to the hands, to the face.46So and to the hands, to the face.
47Yes, and then it's this music where it happened to you.47Yes, and then it's this music where it happened to you.
48You have to continue.48You have to continue.
49Yes, it's like, yes.49Yes, it's like, yes.
50You go kind of middle.50You go kind of middle.
51Yeah.51Yeah.
52up and then the last one is a mixture out of this movement and out of this momen52up and then the last one is a mixture out of this movement and out of this momen
>t the very quick ones on the end so where do we start from Music like?>t the very quick ones on the end so where do we start from Music like?
53It's easier with music, the music tells you.53It's easier with music, the music tells you.
54And no more really.54And no more really.
55.55.
56Yeah, stop, yes.56Yeah, stop, yes.
57Okay, do from here.57Okay, do from here.
58Here, altitude.58Here, altitude.
59Up. Yes, it's many times more, more than that, but anyway, you don't have to go 59Up. Yes, it's many times more, more than that, but anyway, you don't have to go 
>on this actually.>on this actually.
60Is this the other leg?60Is this the other leg?
61Yes, and turn, turn, up, open, open, down, up.61Yes, and turn, turn, up, open, open, down, up.
62That's very quickly, up, up.62That's very quickly, up, up.
63and then comes right away this one.63and then comes right away this one.
64This one and knee, fall and And...64This one and knee, fall and And...
65Just try it down, this time you're here, and then you have either way, yes.65Just try it down, this time you're here, and then you have either way, yes.
66One time, then a jump again.66One time, then a jump again.
n67No, the outside leg, the outside leg always.n67No, the outside leg.
68The outside leg always.
69Yes.
68And then into the middle.70And then into the middle.
69This is like over the music, the end, well you know the music anyway.71This is like over the music, the end, well you know the music anyway.
70Anyway.72Anyway.
71From here.73From here.
72From the place where we were just now, Matthias.74From the place where we were just now, Matthias.
73Let's go.75Let's go.
74Matthias?76Matthias?
75But really, she's also resting, right?77But really, she's also resting, right?
76Yes, I'm resting.78Yes, I'm resting.
77I'm making sure.79I'm making sure.
78Yes, yes, yes.80Yes, yes, yes.
79Okay.81Okay.
80Okay.82Okay.
81I don't know about after you.83I don't know about after you.
82Thank you.84Thank you.
n83about You want to mark it.n85I want to ask if you have the You want to mark it.
84Thank you.86Thank you.
n85Let's see if we can get another one in.n87Thank you.
86Who was it for?
87Rafaela.
88Actually, I didn't know how long it takes, but I thought if we start something, 88Actually, I didn't know how long it takes, but I thought if we start something, 
>we have to kind of go through the whole thing.>we have to kind of go through the whole thing.
89It's terribly hard.89It's terribly hard.
90It's really, and I think they did fantastic.90It's really, and I think they did fantastic.
n91and actually I thought we do something else but it's almost the opposite very lin91And actually, I thought we'd do something else, but it's almost the opposite, ve
>ght very nice very funny way but I think it got too late so I thought I just wan>ry light and very nice, very funny, but I think it got too late.
>ted to do two very different things but it's already I think they want to speak. 
92So I thought I just I just wanted to do two very different things, but it's alre
 >ady.
93To warm down.
94To warm down.
95To warm down.
96To warm down.
97To warm down.
98I know.
99Yeah.
1001980?
101It's too short, so I think.
102Uh-huh.
103I think it's too cold.
104I think they want to speak.
105It's around them.
92It looks like we only have three seats, so we'll have to play musical chairs.106It looks like we only have three seats, so we'll have to play musical chairs.
n93Yeah, but anyway, you have to...n107Yeah, but anyway, you have to, you have to.
94We'll let you cool down.108I'll let you cool down.
95Otherwise, I'll come back to it.109Sonst komme ich darauf zurück.
96You can put on something and drink water.110Tut euch mal was anziehen und trinkt Wasser.
111Is it on?
97Yeah.112Yeah.
nn113Yeah.
114More chairs?
98Yeah, why don't you bring out a couple more chairs?115Yeah, why don't you bring out a couple more chairs.
116Pina, do you want to sit down here?
117We can start here.
99As you can see, this is a, actually, you're participating, you're spectating in 118As you can see, this is a, actually you're participating, you're spectating in t
>the context of an improvised three-act play.>he context of an improvised three-act play.
100And this is the second act, and it's going to be a divided act in the sense that119And this is the second act.
> the first part of it will consist in a sort of, a fairly informal conversation  
>between myself and Pina Bausch, and hopefully the dancers once they've recovered 
> from their efforts. 
101And then in the second half I'm going to just open up the floor to a general con120And it's going to be a divided act in the sense that the first part of it will c
>versation so members of the audience will be invited to ask their questions and >onsist in a sort of a fairly informal conversation between myself and and Pina B
>then the third act the triumphal act will be where we feed you out in the courty>ausch and hopefully the dancers once they've recovered from their efforts and th
>ard out here as a conclusion of the event and it is meant as a genuine third act>en in the second half I'm going to just open up the floor to a general conversat
> in the sense that it is participatory but it's participatory not adjusting the >ion so members of the audience will be invited to ask their questions and then t
>gastronomical sense it's your opportunity to actually meet with Pina Bausch hers>he third act the triumphal act will be where we feed you out in the courtyard ou
>elf, with the dancers who will be partaking of our repast with us.>t here as a conclusion of the event and it is meant as a genuine third act in th
 >e sense that it is participatory but it's participatory not just in the gastrono
 >mical sense it's your opportunity to actually meet with with Peter Bausch hersel
 >f with the dancers who will be partaking of our repast with us I thought as a ki
 >nd of introduction to our conversation I would ask you since the Rite of Spring 
 >is a piece that has been a long been a part of your career and it is one of the 
 >central monuments in a sense in the history of modern dance it's a piece of musi
 >c and the choreographies of which have really marked the entire history of moder
 >n dance and it's also a dance and a piece of music that is so much built around 
 >the polarity of dance as associated with renewal on the one side with resurgent 
 >life and on the other side with with depth with expenditure I was just curious a
 >s a sort of starting question ask you what your personal relationship is to this
 > piece I mean in what sense it's a piece that you've returned to in in the cours
 >e of your career as a dancer and a choreographer.
102I thought as a kind of introduction to our conversation I would ask you, since t
>he Rite of Spring is a piece that has long been a part of your career, and it is 
> one of the central monuments in a sense in the history of modern dance. 
103It's a piece of music and the choreographies of which have really marked the ent
>ire history of modern dance and it's also a dance and a piece of music that is s 
>o much built around the polarity of dance as associated with renewal on the one  
>side with resurgent life and on the other side with depth, with expenditure. 
104I was just curious as a sort of starting question to ask you what your personal 
>relationship is to this piece. 
105I mean in what sense is it a piece that you've returned to in the course of your
> career as a dancer and a choreographer? 
106You mean why we are doing it again or something?121Anne McLean, You mean why we are doing it again or something?
107Yeah.
108Actually we keep a very big repertoire.122Actually, we keep a very big repertoire.
109I do every day, every year a new work and we perform about 12, 14 different even123I do every day, every year a new work and we have, we perform about 12, 14 diffe
>ings from the repertoire in a year.>rent evenings from the repertoire in a year.
110And sometimes because of, I don't know for certain because of where we travel or124And sometimes because of, I don't know for certain because because of where we t
> because a dancer is leaving or something, so we lose a piece.>ravel or because a dancer is leaving or something, so we lose a piece.
111And then every year I try also to have one of the old ones.125And then every year I try also to have one of the old ones.
112But Sacre we always carry with us the whole time.126But Sacre we always carry with us the whole time.
113We always perform it from time to time.127We always perform it from time to time.
n114It was always there.n128So it was always there.
115And in a way it's also very healthy, I think, for the company, the new ones.129And so in a way it's also very healthy, I think, for the company, the new ones.
116Everybody, you know, have to kind of go through many different things.130Everybody everybody have to kind of go through many different things.
117The other way, many people sometimes say, and I say, why don't you do another Sa131And the other way, many people sometimes say, why don't you do another Sacre?
>cre? 
118And they say, but we do Sacre, you know?132And I say, but we do Sacre.
119So it makes me also with each new work, I have to open another door.133It makes me also with each new work, I have to open another door.
120So if I keep my own works like they are, I have to always like go somewhere else134So if I keep my own works like if they are, I have to always like go somewhere e
>, what I think is very good to do.>lse.
135What I think is very good to do.
121But in the course of your performance of it, do you alter the basic way in which136But in the course of your performance of it, do you alter the basic way way in w
> you present the piece, the different aspects of the choreography itself, or has>hich you present the piece, the different aspects of the choreography itself, or
> it remained relatively stable in the course of the years?> has it remained relatively stable in the course of the years?
122No, I tried to do what I did in the beginning.137No, I try to do what I did in the beginning.
123And the first performance, it goes back to the mid-70s?138And the first performance, it goes back to the mid-70s?
124Yes, 76 or something, no?139Yes, 76 or something, no?
12577.14077.
126I haven't seen the original staging of it, but in the ordinary staging, you were141I haven't seen the original staging of it, but in the ordinary staging, you were
> referring to the fact that this is a real floor, but you would ordinarily perfo> referring to the fact that this is a real floor, but you would ordinarily perfo
>rm it with loam or peat moss.>rm it with loam or peat moss.
127Yeah, this is with turf.142Yeah, this is with turf.
128I don't know, turf.143I don't know, turf.
129And so it's a completely different experience.144And so it's a completely different experience.
n130I mean, there are many, many dancers involved in this piece, and so it's really,n145I mean, there are many, many dancers involved in this piece, and the music is in
> and the music is incredible.>credible.
146It's incredible.
131It's so strong.147It's so strong.
132It's very, very energetic.148It's very, very energetic.
n133So this is just a little bit from the end, you know, but and before it's so it'sn149This is just a little bit from the end.
> but what I like about I mean the the earth, the talk, because it the effect it  
>has on a body. 
150But what I like about the earth, the talk, because the effect it has on the body
 >.
134First of all also it's completely different to it's all about the earth.151First of all, also, it's completely different to, it's all about the earth.
135Also the starting I mean why they are arriving there and all this but but also b152Also the starting, I mean, why they are arriving there and all this.
>ecause when they start sweating and moving, so it sticks onto them. 
153But also because when they start sweating and moving, so it sticks onto them.
136So when they fall, they are everywhere full of earth.154So when they fall, they are everywhere full of earth.
137So you should see them when they are all after the, when they come for buying, i155So you should see them when they are all after the, when they come for buying, i
>t's like they are all over with earth and they look fantastic, I think.>t's like they are all over with earth and they look fantastic, I think.
t138It's interesting that you mentioned that because in the piece that you were perft156It's interesting that you mention that because in the piece that you've been you
>orming at Zellerbach, Nelken carnations, the stage is covered with carnations, w> were performing at Zellerbach, Nelken carnations, the stage is covered with wit
>ith hundreds and hundreds of fresh carnations and similarly there not fresh i'm >h carnations with hundreds and hundreds of fresh carnations and similarly they'r
>sorry they look fresh from the audience but in any case the the sort of interact>e not fresh, they look fresh from the audience, but in any case the sort of inte
>ion between the bodies and the support this you know natural support is a centra>raction between the bodies and the support, this natural support is a central fe
>l feature of the piece is it what how did it first the the notion of using these>ature of the piece.
> kinds of of you know they're not not natural landscapes obviously, but they're  
>ways of transforming the stage first arise in your work. 
139Well of course when it's already, it's usually a later moment when to think abou157How did it first, the notion of using these kinds of, they're not natural landsc
>t on what is the stage like, because first always only when I know in what kind >apes obviously, but they're ways of transforming the stage first arise in your w
>of direction this piece will go then it's only possible to speak well how what c>ork?
>ould be I mean and I mean myself I like very much the experience that you have y 
>ou have to pay an attention to something. 
158Well of course when it's already, it's usually a later moment when to think abou
 >t on what is the stage like.
159Because first always only when I know in what kind of direction this piece will 
 >go, then it's only possible to speak what could be.
160And me, myself, I like very much the experience that you have to pay an attentio
 >n to something.
140So it's always a different experience, you know, like it's very central in a way161So it's always a different experience, you know, like it's very sensual in a way
>.>.
141Also we have a piece like you come in the opera house and the whole stage is thr162Also we have a piece like, you come in the opera house and the whole stage is, t
>ough the walls is grass, green grass, or another piece it's water.>he walls is grass, green grass.
142And of course all this is, there's so many things, you know, with the grass it's163Or another piece is water.
> a different smell, it's silence, there are sometimes mosquitoes and little thin 
>gs, and it changes with the images, it gets another, it gets something else, so  
>it can, with certain things, so it is a grass change and you look at the grass c 
>ompletely different, you look at the grass new, like in a place where it didn't  
>belong. 
143Also, or the experience when things in water happen because it's like a mirror i164And of course all this, there are so many things, you know.
>n a way. 
165With the grass it's a different smell, it's silence, there are sometimes mosquit
 >oes and little things.
166and it changes with images it gets another it gets something else so it can with
 > certain things so it is a grass change and and you look at the grass completely
 > different you look at the grass new like in a place where it didn't belong also
 > all the experience and things in water happen because of It's like a mirror in 
 >a way.
144All the dresses are wet, the clothes get heavy, they are freezing.167All the dresses are wet, the clothes get heavy, they are freezing.
145It makes certain music, it makes a lot of noise.168It makes certain music, it makes a lot of noise.
146You can splash the water, you can do all kinds of things with the water.169You can splash the water, you can do all kinds of things with the water.
147And it has so many different meanings too.170And it has so many different meanings too.
148And so for me, all this together means a lot.171And so for me, all this together means a lot.
149Not only the movement, but for me the space, the music, the audience, also every172Not only the movement, but for me the space, the music, the audience, also every
>thing I think I'd like to join or something.>thing I think I'd like to join or something.
150Speaking of that, I mean frequently, as was the case at Zellerbach for instance,173Speaking of that, I mean frequently, as was the case at Zellerbach for instance,
> your company is performing in fairly traditional window box type stages.> your company is performing in fairly traditional window box type stages.
151I mean stages where there's a separation between audience and performance space.174I mean stages where there's a separation between audience and performance space.
152That's a little bit less true here where we're in a gymnasium which essentially 175That's a little bit less true here where we're in a gymnasium which essentially 
>is used for athletic events, but other kinds of events as well.>is used for athletic events, but other kinds of events as well.
153What I mean for you, what is an ideal performance situation given exactly the co176What I mean for you, what is an ideal performance situation given exactly the co
>ncept of spectacle that's inclusive that you were just describing?>ncept of spectacle that's inclusive that you were just describing?
154I think it had to do with where I was.177I think it had to do with where I was.
155I mean this was a fantastic possibility and these pieces are made also for being178I mean this was a fantastic possibility and these pieces are made also for being
> in a normal theater because I mean it's even you know even to put water on the > in a normal theater because I mean it's even you know even to put water on the 
>stage it means for me I like the water in the opera house.>stage it means for me I like the water in the opera house.
156It's already it means something so if you put water somewhere else it's not the 179It's already it means something so if you put water somewhere else it's not the 
>same but in the opera house it's special.>same but in the opera house it's special.
157So it's already, so I think it's already the switch is, in this case, you know, 180So it's already, so I think it's already the switch is, in this case, you know, 
>I never had the possibility to do different, but not because, not only the possi>I never had the possibility to do different, but not because, not only the possi
>bilities, but because we also, we are traveling a lot, so it's for us also impor>bilities, but because we also, we are traveling a lot, so it's for us also impor
>tant, this work, they need a certain space and a certain size and possibilities,>tant, this work, they need a certain space and a certain size and possibilities,
> If I would do a piece in a certain space, that means it can't travel.> If I would do a piece in a certain space, that means it can't travel.
158It's also complicated, you know.181It's also complicated, you know.
159I was curious about that because in a certain tradition of, well in some of the 182I was curious about that because in a certain tradition of, well in some of the 
>cases that really the founding, the inaugural cases in the history of dance, par>cases that really the founding, the inaugural cases in the history of dance, par
>ticularly the strain in dance theater that leads into expression dance, dance, t>ticularly the strain in dance theater that leads into expression dance, dance, t
>he notion of outdoor performance was absolutely central to the whole sense of da>he notion of outdoor performance was absolutely central to the whole sense of da
>nce's social mission.>nce's social mission.
160So your particular variation on having grass in the opera house or water in the 183So your particular variation on having grass in the opera house or water in the 
>opera house seems like a particularly ironic twist.>opera house seems like a particularly ironic twist.
161Sometimes we performed also outdoor, of course, but this were also, but there's 184Sometimes we performed also outdoor, of course, but this were also, but there's 
>is only with pieces possible which are having nothing important what is used fro>is only with pieces possible which are having nothing important what is used fro
>m hanging or certain things and also and it depends on the space.>m hanging or certain things and also and it depends on the space.
162One question I wanted to ask you that seems to be a really striking feature of y185One question I wanted to ask you that seems to be a really striking feature of y
>our the way in which you construct scenes and your different performances is the>our the way in which you construct scenes and your different performances is the
> the emphasis on bodies falling to the ground, the contact between bodies and th> the emphasis on bodies falling to the ground, the contact between bodies and th
>e ground.>e ground.
163You just mentioned in the case of your staging of the Rite of Spring, the import186You just mentioned in the case of your staging of the Rite of Spring, the import
>ance for you that the bodies bear the trace of the support on which they perform>ance for you that the bodies bear the trace of the support on which they perform
>.>.
164Whereas so much of classical ballet, and a great deal of modern and contemporary187Whereas so much of classical ballet, and a great deal of modern and contemporary
> dance focuses so much on aerial effects.> dance focuses so much on aerial effects.
165Is that something that you do a lot of thinking about it seems like such a stron188Is that something that you do a lot of thinking about it seems like such a stron
>g current in your work.>g current in your work.
166I think this is in each work is it's different it's very different but I I think189I think this is in each work is it's different it's very different but I I think
> in in the Rite of Spring of course I I feel it's it's very the the music it's I> in in the Rite of Spring of course I I feel it's it's very the the music it's I
> think the music is telling me that.> think the music is telling me that.
167You're just taking dictation.190You're just taking dictation.
168Yes in that case yes I mean this is with Sacre and also a few other pieces which191Yes in that case yes I mean this is with Sacre and also a few other pieces which
> when I really saw this incredible strength and this feeling what was in this mu> when I really saw this incredible strength and this feeling what was in this mu
>sic where I felt I have something to do with.>sic where I felt I have something to do with.
169I wanted very much to try to do.192I wanted very much to try to do.
170But other works, they are not fixed.193But other works, they are not fixed.
171It s like I take many different different musics and I make a new work and that'194It s like I take many different different musics and I make a new work and that'
>s completely different then.>s completely different then.
172And it depends also the big influence on the dancers also, the people which are 195And it depends also the big influence on the dancers also, the people which are 
>in the company.>in the company.
173It also has an influence and also in which time we are living.196It also has an influence and also in which time we are living.
174So it's not just doing a choreography but I think being aware of the feelings we197So it's not just doing a choreography but I think being aware of the feelings we
> are all having or what we are knowing or all all these kind of things, it all t> are all having or what we are knowing or all all these kind of things, it all t
>akes part.>akes part.
175And if what we had seen this evening was instead of a rehearsal of a piece that 198And if what we had seen this evening was instead of a rehearsal of a piece that 
>you've choreographed and represented many, many times, if you were in the proces>you've choreographed and represented many, many times, if you were in the proces
>s of developing a new piece, what would have been different about what the audie>s of developing a new piece, what would have been different about what the audie
>nce experienced tonight?>nce experienced tonight?
176I mean, this is also quite unusual because usually we don't do this.199I mean, this is also quite unusual because usually we don't do this.
177I mean, that I'm teaching this solo to now all the dancers, this was like also a200I mean, that I'm teaching this solo to now all the dancers, this was like also a
>n exception, I must say.>n exception, I must say.
178Well, it's of course, what is very different.201Well, it's of course, what is very different.
179I mean, here you can still you feel what is sacred.202I mean, here you can still you feel what is sacred.
180But in the other works, there are so many little different stories inside or tho203But in the other works, there are so many little different stories inside or tho
>ughts or images or whatever, what comes out of it.>ughts or images or whatever, what comes out of it.
181And each of the dancers, each one is in a different way important and also their204And each of the dancers, each one is in a different way important and also their
> certain personality and the way how the influence and also they each have their> certain personality and the way how the influence and also they each have their
> own dances, their own different way of dancing and choreography.> own dances, their own different way of dancing and choreography.
182So that's completely, it's very complicated.205So that's completely, it's very complicated.
183I mean, it's just like the best is to see it.206I mean, it's just like the best is to see it.
184That's always true.207That's always true.
185But I guess what I was curious about is in terms of your working method, when yo208But I guess what I was curious about is in terms of your working method, when yo
>u're developing a new piece, What's the degree to which you have a fairly clear >u're developing a new piece, What's the degree to which you have a fairly clear 
>concept of what the shape of a particular passage should be versus what happens >concept of what the shape of a particular passage should be versus what happens 
>by accident, by serendipity, by virtue, by dint of improvisation?>by accident, by serendipity, by virtue, by dint of improvisation?
186I think that is a very big change from when I started the way how I work now.209I think that is a very big change from when I started the way how I work now.
187In the beginning when I came having this company in Bukhara, I always tried to p210In the beginning when I came having this company in Bukhara, I always tried to p
>repare everything, to be very prepared and planned and thought everything becaus>repare everything, to be very prepared and planned and thought everything becaus
>e I was scared.>e I was scared.
188I was afraid somebody asked me, what do we do?211I was afraid somebody asked me, what do we do?
189And I said, I don't know.212And I said, I don't know.
190So I was thinking of everything and then I never come into this situation.213So I was thinking of everything and then I never come into this situation.
191I was terribly scared to say or to speak about it because for me, in one way I d214I was terribly scared to say or to speak about it because for me, in one way I d
>on't find the right word.>on't find the right word.
192In another way, I always feel like if I say something too important, I never can215In another way, I always feel like if I say something too important, I never can
> reach what I say.> reach what I say.
193I mean, it's better I don't say nothing and hopefully something arrives.216I mean, it's better I don't say nothing and hopefully something arrives.
194you know.217you know.
195But already in the beginning I felt sometimes you know you work and certainly so218But already in the beginning I felt sometimes you know you work and certainly so
>mething happened in the rehearsal, you see something very little but has nothing>mething happened in the rehearsal, you see something very little but has nothing
> to do with what you have planned and you don't know exactly why is it so import> to do with what you have planned and you don't know exactly why is it so import
>ant.>ant.
196Why is it It's so important.219Why is it It's so important.
197Then you have to think, I mean, you have to think what you do.220Then you have to think, I mean, you have to think what you do.
198I mean, is this what you think, why, what you like most certainly so much and in221I mean, is this what you think, why, what you like most certainly so much and in
>terest you, do you follow this or you follow your plan?>terest you, do you follow this or you follow your plan?
199So what I did, I followed always that.222So what I did, I followed always that.
200I left my plans behind.223I left my plans behind.
201That is also very difficult.224That is also very difficult.
202You go somewhere where you don't know it brings you.225You go somewhere where you don't know it brings you.
203So in a way you have to just trust it and actually we are there, the company and226So in a way you have to just trust it and actually we are there, the company and
> me, and life is there.> me, and life is there.
204And now what do we do?227And now what do we do?
205We speak about life, about love, about everything what is important, of course i228We speak about life, about love, about everything what is important, of course i
>n the beginning of the years I had I judged some like I did if you gain you of T>n the beginning of the years I had I judged some like I did if you gain you of T
>aurus from look an opera and it like a dance opera I did it just with dancers an>aurus from look an opera and it like a dance opera I did it just with dancers an
>d also offers in a really good I did blue beard I did soccer and and the seven d>d also offers in a really good I did blue beard I did soccer and and the seven d
>eadly sins.>eadly sins.
206But at the same time already I did other works.229But at the same time already I did other works.
207I just things I like.230I just things I like.
208And because also, you see these pieces which I was just telling you, that means 231And because also, you see these pieces which I was just telling you, that means 
>there is like a solo part in it.>there is like a solo part in it.
209There is a main figure.232There is a main figure.
210You know, if you give me the or here you have, I mean there's everybody in the c233You know, if you give me the or here you have, I mean there's everybody in the c
>horeography is very important, but still there is this girl on the end.>horeography is very important, but still there is this girl on the end.
211It's the main part.234It's the main part.
212and also in Bluebeard, you have Bluebeard and Judith.235and also in Bluebeard, you have Bluebeard and Judith.
213But then I had so many beautiful dancers.236But then I had so many beautiful dancers.
214They are all so different personalities and so fantastic and each one very diffe237They are all so different personalities and so fantastic and each one very diffe
>rent.>rent.
215So I wanted very much to create something for them.238So I wanted very much to create something for them.
216So it started to be a completely different work.239So it started to be a completely different work.
217And I think we are speaking much more about in this work, heroes in that way don240And I think we are speaking much more about in this work, heroes in that way don
>'t exist.>'t exist.
218It's just like, it's talking about us.241It's just like, it's talking about us.
219I mean, not us personally, not private.242I mean, not us personally, not private.
220I don't mean this.243I don't mean this.
221And the way how to do this is of course each choreographer has to find their own244And the way how to do this is of course each choreographer has to find their own
> way how to find, how to do this.> way how to find, how to do this.
222Because when there is no piece, is no music, is no set, where do you start?245Because when there is no piece, is no music, is no set, where do you start?
223You have to find a kind of way, you know, like I never did start from the beginn246You have to find a kind of way, you know, like I never did start from the beginn
>ing.>ing.
224I start with question, like maybe sometimes question I have to myself or other q247I start with question, like maybe sometimes question I have to myself or other q
>uestion and because I know what I want but I don't, has no shape, has no words.>uestion and because I know what I want but I don't, has no shape, has no words.
225So but how can I find, how can I shape it, this what I really know what I'm look248So but how can I find, how can I shape it, this what I really know what I'm look
>ing for because it's really, it's so clear what I'm looking for but I couldn't s>ing for because it's really, it's so clear what I'm looking for but I couldn't s
>ay it, you know.>ay it, you know.
226So I start with many, many questions.249So I start with many, many questions.
227And each one, each member in the company, they have this question, they sing, an250And each one, each member in the company, they have this question, they sing, an
>d then you think you are not in a dance studio, they sit and sing and do the pen>d then you think you are not in a dance studio, they sit and sing and do the pen
>cil.>cil.
228And then each one is doing something, or maybe not, maybe they tell me tomorrow,251And then each one is doing something, or maybe not, maybe they tell me tomorrow,
> or like like this, and they can do some movement or something that comes to the> or like like this, and they can do some movement or something that comes to the
>ir mind, or talking or singing or whatever.>ir mind, or talking or singing or whatever.
229And this I do actually many, many, like for weeks, and also bringing maybe other252And this I do actually many, many, like for weeks, and also bringing maybe other
> ideas into it, but the questions are all around something, kind of.> ideas into it, but the questions are all around something, kind of.
230But these These weeks are just like making material or try to find material beca253But these These weeks are just like making material or try to find material beca
>use actually it will be maybe 5% of what we are all doing maybe will arrive in t>use actually it will be maybe 5% of what we are all doing maybe will arrive in t
>he work.>he work.
231So the final process to when to start, I mean, it's much, much later and also ne254So the final process to when to start, I mean, it's much, much later and also ne
>ver from from the beginning it's something so complicated and so delicate when y>ver from from the beginning it's something so complicated and so delicate when y
>ou try to put two little things together.>ou try to put two little things together.
232And when you try that little bit with another one, it's completely different.255And when you try that little bit with another one, it's completely different.
233It means something else.256It means something else.
234It feels something different.257It feels something different.
235And when you add a music even too, it's so complicated and it's so rich and it's258And when you add a music even too, it's so complicated and it's so rich and it's
> endless and possibilities.> endless and possibilities.
236So you have to Thank you.259So you have to Thank you.
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+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qf378nj5000_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qf378nj5000_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e6d08d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qf378nj5000_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,2300 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:02.320 --> 00:03.000 +. + +00:23.680 --> 00:26.740 +My name is Elvira Prieto. I'm a sophomore + +00:26.740 --> 00:30.240 +in human biology here. I'm from Reedley, + +00:30.360 --> 00:32.060 +California, which is a small agricultural + +00:32.060 --> 00:34.280 +town in the San Joaquin Valley. My parents + +00:34.280 --> 00:36.260 +are migrant workers, and I've worked in + +00:36.260 --> 00:38.180 +the fields with them all my life, up until + +00:38.180 --> 00:43.320 +I started coming to school. My name is Eva + +00:43.320 --> 00:46.240 +Silva. I'm a senior majoring in human + +00:46.240 --> 00:49.320 +biology with an emphasis on education in + +00:49.320 --> 00:51.980 +the diverse classroom. And I'm from + +00:51.980 --> 00:54.840 +Salinas, California, and I'm going to be a + +00:54.840 --> 00:59.040 +math teacher. My name is Tamara Alvarado + +00:59.040 --> 01:01.420 +and I'm majoring in Spanish Chicano + +01:01.420 --> 01:05.400 +Studies. I'm from a town in San Diego + +01:05.400 --> 01:12.040 +called Escondido and what else? That's it + +01:12.040 --> 01:17.200 +for now. My name is Julia Gonzalez Luna. I + +01:17.200 --> 01:19.900 +am a senior majoring in public policy with + +01:19.900 --> 01:24.100 +a focus on on education. And I'm from + +01:24.100 --> 01:28.120 +Burbank, California, and I'm going to be a + +01:28.120 --> 01:31.180 +social studies high school teacher. + +01:35.720 --> 01:38.580 +Do you want to ask some questions here as + +01:38.580 --> 01:42.340 +to how this started? In your own words, + +01:42.460 --> 01:44.860 +how did it start? How did this hunter + +01:44.860 --> 01:45.980 +strike start and why? Why? + +01:50.840 --> 01:53.040 +How did it start? Speak to us as if we + +01:53.040 --> 01:56.260 +don't know. Okay. Speak to me like you do. + +01:56.740 --> 01:59.240 +Well, I guess it was a buildup of a lot of + +01:59.240 --> 02:01.280 +different things that have been happening, + +02:01.360 --> 02:03.920 +not only on this campus, but overall in + +02:03.920 --> 02:07.460 +this nation with the status of Chicanos + +02:07.460 --> 02:10.580 +and Chicanas in the United States, in the + +02:10.580 --> 02:14.380 +universities and everywhere else. So, you + +02:14.380 --> 02:18.760 +know, I guess I can run down, like, since + +02:18.760 --> 02:20.120 +my freshman year, so many things have + +02:20.120 --> 02:22.080 +happened, the closing down of the Office + +02:22.080 --> 02:26.320 +of Chicano Affairs, and then with all the + +02:26.320 --> 02:28.140 +threats, with the budget cuts to the + +02:28.140 --> 02:31.020 +ethnic centers, and just these attacks on + +02:31.020 --> 02:33.840 +the theme houses, on the ethnic centers, + +02:33.900 --> 02:37.060 +and everything else, and then the laying + +02:37.060 --> 02:41.240 +off of Cecilia Burciaga. I mean everything + +02:41.240 --> 02:43.760 +just like piled down piled down and so + +02:43.760 --> 02:46.200 +many things are happening that we say wait + +02:46.200 --> 02:48.060 +we need to do something about it and we + +02:48.060 --> 02:49.960 +need to change what's going on because + +02:49.960 --> 02:54.740 +nothing's happening that we want to happen + +02:55.480 --> 02:58.340 +I'm tired, I'm sorry. No, you sound good. + +02:58.520 --> 03:00.540 +Some people wonder why you would need to + +03:00.540 --> 03:02.980 +take a drastic measure like this. I think + +03:02.980 --> 03:05.620 +you'll say why didn't you? Because the + +03:05.620 --> 03:07.560 +administration has been very, whenever + +03:07.560 --> 03:10.600 +we've had like meetings and townhouse + +03:10.600 --> 03:11.920 +meetings or whatever, get togethers with + +03:11.920 --> 03:15.060 +any of the administrators, we don't get + +03:15.060 --> 03:17.680 +any results that we're happy with. And so + +03:17.680 --> 03:19.080 +it seemed to me like for them to really + +03:19.080 --> 03:21.240 +understand how extreme the situation is on + +03:21.240 --> 03:23.700 +this campus and how extreme things are + +03:23.700 --> 03:25.800 +outside in terms of immigrant bashing and + +03:25.800 --> 03:29.480 +just the way that people in Ispa Lo Alto + +03:29.480 --> 03:31.960 +are, that it was maybe the only way that + +03:31.960 --> 03:33.700 +they would, I don't know if it would touch + +03:33.700 --> 03:35.200 +their heart or if they would just stop to + +03:35.200 --> 03:37.380 +think about it or if we could get enough + +03:37.380 --> 03:39.520 +bad press for this university so that they + +03:39.520 --> 03:41.140 +could finally just really think about it. + +03:41.320 --> 03:42.960 +Because otherwise they weren't paying + +03:42.960 --> 03:44.780 +attention. It was just like everything had + +03:44.780 --> 03:46.860 +to go business as usual and there seemed + +03:46.860 --> 03:49.260 +to be this idea about hierarchy here that + +03:49.260 --> 03:51.300 +it was from top down it was what they said + +03:51.300 --> 03:53.480 +first and then if we could deal with that + +03:53.480 --> 03:56.280 +if we as students could deal with what the + +03:56.280 --> 03:57.880 +university wanted well then that was fine + +03:57.880 --> 03:59.840 +and if we couldn't that's too bad because + +03:59.840 --> 04:01.800 +they're at their position because you know + +04:01.800 --> 04:05.540 +they earned it or whatever yeah because + +04:05.540 --> 04:09.300 +meeting after meeting like you didn't get + +04:09.300 --> 04:12.240 +anything concrete from meeting with them + +04:12.240 --> 04:14.380 +every single time it was just okay I'll + +04:14.380 --> 04:15.580 +give I'll give you a meeting from 6 to 7, + +04:15.600 --> 04:17.820 +I'll give you a meeting from 5.30 to 6 or + +04:17.820 --> 04:22.000 +whatever. We've tried their methods. We've + +04:22.000 --> 04:25.380 +tried their methods of working things out. + +04:25.480 --> 04:27.940 +And their methods are to draw things out + +04:27.940 --> 04:31.420 +for as long as possible in order to not + +04:31.420 --> 04:33.200 +give us things. At least, you know, they + +04:33.200 --> 04:35.240 +may say differently, but that's what it + +04:35.240 --> 04:38.540 +feels like. And it's ridiculous to have to + +04:38.540 --> 04:42.160 +spend... I'm sorry I'm slow, but I'm a + +04:42.160 --> 04:44.840 +little bit tired. It's ridiculous to spend + +04:44.840 --> 04:46.480 +so much time just talking and talking + +04:46.480 --> 04:49.320 +about things. And they're trying to tire + +04:49.320 --> 04:53.500 +us out with just talking. So that's what + +04:53.500 --> 04:55.720 +it had to come to. And when people are not + +04:55.720 --> 04:58.560 +heard, and this happens in society at + +04:58.560 --> 05:01.700 +large, when people are not heard, yeah, I + +05:01.700 --> 05:04.480 +don't know if I want to say abnormal + +05:04.480 --> 05:07.000 +behaviors, but behaviors that are not + +05:07.000 --> 05:12.460 +normal are what happen. And yeah, this is + +05:12.460 --> 05:15.000 +not normal. This is not normal behavior + +05:15.000 --> 05:20.840 +for us to be not eating. But you know... I + +05:20.840 --> 05:22.840 +really like to eat. Yeah, we like to eat. + +05:23.980 --> 05:27.520 +And I emphasize, you know, why are + +05:27.520 --> 05:29.360 +Chicanos in prison? Why are Chicanos in + +05:29.360 --> 05:32.160 +poverty? That's not normal. That's not + +05:32.160 --> 05:34.980 +normal for people. But because of society, + +05:35.200 --> 05:38.080 +that's how we are. We've waited long + +05:38.080 --> 05:40.740 +enough for this. I mean, I know the + +05:40.740 --> 05:42.240 +administration is probably thinking, well, + +05:42.260 --> 05:43.900 +you know, be patient and these changes + +05:43.900 --> 05:46.240 +will happen. But we've been patient long + +05:46.240 --> 05:49.660 +enough. And, you know, the Chicano Studies + +05:49.660 --> 05:53.280 +major has been, was envisioned back in the + +05:53.280 --> 05:58.360 +70s, even the 60s. And we've been waiting + +05:58.360 --> 06:00.640 +since then. And it's about time that we + +06:00.640 --> 06:04.300 +get recognized. You know, Chicanos are the + +06:04.300 --> 06:08.200 +biggest, are coming to be a majority in + +06:08.200 --> 06:11.280 +California. you know, maybe even in the + +06:11.280 --> 06:14.100 +whole country after a while, but I mean + +06:14.100 --> 06:15.680 +it's about time that our issues get + +06:15.680 --> 06:18.380 +recognized and that other people just + +06:18.380 --> 06:22.080 +realize that we're not going to go away. + +06:22.360 --> 06:24.400 +And if they don't educate themselves about + +06:24.400 --> 06:27.940 +us, then it's just going to be worse for + +06:27.940 --> 06:31.340 +them. Julia, you co-authored a really + +06:31.340 --> 06:33.320 +beautiful poem entitled Somos Mujeres. + +06:33.740 --> 06:35.040 +What for you What do you think is the + +06:35.040 --> 06:37.820 +significance of having four Chicanas + +06:37.820 --> 06:41.540 +taking the Vanguard role in this movement, + +06:41.760 --> 06:43.200 +which is really bigger than this campus? + +06:44.940 --> 06:48.860 +For me, I mean... I don't know. We didn't + +06:48.860 --> 06:50.740 +really realize it was four women until + +06:50.740 --> 06:53.880 +somebody pointed it out to us. I mean, we + +06:53.880 --> 06:56.280 +knew it was girls, but we didn't see it + +06:56.280 --> 06:59.200 +like, you know, oh, there's no guys here, + +06:59.360 --> 07:06.080 +and what's up with the guys? but I don't + +07:06.080 --> 07:07.460 +know I mean we have a lot of supporters + +07:07.460 --> 07:09.400 +that are male and maybe they didn't say + +07:09.400 --> 07:10.800 +they're gonna go for the long run but + +07:10.800 --> 07:13.400 +they've been you know there the whole time + +07:13.400 --> 07:16.340 +everybody like has had has their roles and + +07:16.340 --> 07:19.700 +it's like there's some people that are the + +07:19.700 --> 07:21.360 +negotiators there's people that are + +07:21.360 --> 07:23.300 +security over here there's like everybody + +07:23.300 --> 07:27.180 +has a roles and you know we're not the the + +07:27.180 --> 07:29.160 +most important because if it wasn't for + +07:29.160 --> 07:31.180 +them then you know nobody would be + +07:31.180 --> 07:33.080 +listening to us or whatever and there's + +07:33.080 --> 07:34.860 +other people that have been fasting also + +07:34.860 --> 07:38.220 +like Felipe sitting over there again he's + +07:38.220 --> 07:40.320 +been fasting these three days with us as + +07:40.320 --> 07:41.400 +well and like there's people that + +07:41.400 --> 07:43.540 +committed to three days and others that do + +07:43.540 --> 07:46.280 +one one day cycles to show their support + +07:46.280 --> 07:50.140 +and solidarity it's true there are a lot + +07:50.140 --> 07:53.360 +of males that are doing really important + +07:53.360 --> 07:54.840 +stuff in terms of really trying you know + +07:54.840 --> 07:56.580 +like with the rest of the women also + +07:56.580 --> 07:58.480 +trying to take care of us and and trying + +07:58.480 --> 08:00.000 +to watch out for this, and they're just + +08:00.000 --> 08:02.600 +constantly looking out to see what we need + +08:02.600 --> 08:05.000 +or what needs to be done for the whole + +08:05.000 --> 08:06.780 +group. And so it's, I don't know, I don't + +08:06.780 --> 08:08.900 +know that it's specifically a female thing + +08:08.900 --> 08:11.260 +to be fasting or anything like that. Yeah, + +08:11.280 --> 08:12.600 +because I think... Because everybody + +08:12.600 --> 08:14.540 +really does have their own role, and + +08:14.540 --> 08:16.500 +everybody's been really supportive, and + +08:16.500 --> 08:19.480 +we're working together. It just so + +08:19.480 --> 08:22.600 +happened that we're the ones that... It + +08:22.600 --> 08:28.700 +was quite... that we're the ones that were + +08:28.700 --> 08:33.800 +ready mentally at this time to fast. And + +08:33.800 --> 08:36.440 +it just so happens that we're all women. + +08:37.560 --> 08:40.300 +People are calling us guerrillas and + +08:40.300 --> 08:42.160 +revolucionarias. + +08:44.840 --> 08:49.180 +That's fine. That's nice. That's really + +08:49.180 --> 08:52.360 +nice. But everybody's been revolutionary. + +08:52.360 --> 08:55.240 +And you know, it comes down to like... The + +08:55.240 --> 08:56.740 +focus should be on everybody. Yeah, it + +08:56.740 --> 08:59.000 +comes down to like what your, you know, I + +08:59.000 --> 09:00.660 +don't want to say your talents, because I + +09:00.660 --> 09:02.360 +don't think our talent is to be hungry, + +09:02.500 --> 09:05.960 +but... But pretty much like everybody is + +09:05.960 --> 09:08.200 +taking on the role that is best suited for + +09:08.200 --> 09:08.600 +themselves. + +09:14.240 --> 09:18.640 +There's Felipe! There's Felipe! You have + +09:18.640 --> 09:20.240 +all the things that you could have done, + +09:20.280 --> 09:22.800 +all the actions you could have taken. Why + +09:22.800 --> 09:26.280 +fasting? Why did you choose to fast? + +09:29.340 --> 09:32.720 +Well, it's obviously a really strong + +09:32.720 --> 09:36.420 +statement. It's something that is + +09:36.420 --> 09:40.300 +uncompromising and it's something that + +09:40.300 --> 09:42.740 +shows just how serious we are about these + +09:42.740 --> 09:45.760 +issues. They are issues that our fathers, + +09:45.880 --> 09:47.720 +grandfathers, and people way before us + +09:47.720 --> 09:50.340 +have fought for. We have a responsibility + +09:50.340 --> 09:53.860 +to those ancestors of ours to make sure + +09:53.860 --> 09:55.400 +that those dreams that they had, that + +09:55.400 --> 09:58.780 +vision they had, is fulfilled. We can't + +09:58.780 --> 10:01.340 +just, you know, it may be 20 years, 20, + +10:01.460 --> 10:04.980 +30, 20 years later from the Chicano + +10:04.980 --> 10:06.780 +movement that people think is dead, but + +10:06.780 --> 10:08.340 +it's not dead. We're here and we're living + +10:08.340 --> 10:09.440 +and we're the Chicano movement. + +10:17.540 --> 10:19.860 +Felipe, you just joined us, but actually + +10:19.860 --> 10:21.240 +you've been with us throughout this whole + +10:21.240 --> 10:23.500 +struggle from the beginning as was pointed + +10:23.500 --> 10:25.420 +out. Can you tell us a little bit about + +10:25.420 --> 10:27.600 +yourself, where you're from, and your + +10:27.600 --> 10:30.980 +reflection on this struggle? Sure. My name + +10:30.980 --> 10:33.060 +is Felipe Barragan. I'm a freshman, + +10:33.300 --> 10:36.960 +originally from Los Angeles, California. + +10:39.160 --> 10:41.740 +This struggle, I think for me, it's + +10:41.740 --> 10:44.660 +something that's very important because I + +10:44.660 --> 10:47.720 +went to high school in Watts and a lot of + +10:47.720 --> 10:50.080 +people know what Watts is like, 1965, + +10:50.680 --> 10:53.500 +Watts Rebellion, the Ninety-Two Riots. + +10:54.120 --> 10:57.880 +There I saw issues that the educational + +10:57.880 --> 11:00.280 +system for high school students and + +11:00.280 --> 11:02.240 +Chicanos, Latinos there wasn't addressing + +11:02.240 --> 11:05.420 +the real issues. Once I came here, I got a + +11:05.420 --> 11:08.320 +taste of it, I got a taste of Chicano + +11:08.320 --> 11:10.820 +studies and I found out how crucial that + +11:10.820 --> 11:15.560 +was. And I think that getting involved + +11:15.560 --> 11:17.920 +with the struggle is important for me to + +11:17.920 --> 11:22.400 +build the processes with which we learn to + +11:22.400 --> 11:24.600 +deal with inner city to wipe out the + +11:24.600 --> 11:27.140 +marginalization of our people. + +11:30.060 --> 11:34.580 +In terms of your actions, a lot of people + +11:34.580 --> 11:36.860 +are probably thinking that you came here + +11:36.860 --> 11:39.120 +to study and that you should be in the + +11:39.120 --> 11:42.580 +classroom, not protesting. + +11:44.020 --> 11:47.460 +So you're making a decision, because it is + +11:47.460 --> 11:50.940 +a pretty tough university to be at and + +11:50.940 --> 11:53.160 +there's a lot of demands and you're kind + +11:53.160 --> 11:56.200 +of out there really taking a big chance. + +11:57.160 --> 12:00.800 +How did you make that decision? See, I + +12:00.800 --> 12:07.120 +guess the main thing is, I never, when I + +12:07.120 --> 12:09.580 +came here I didn't want to come and just + +12:09.580 --> 12:14.260 +study and go to class and go back home, + +12:14.360 --> 12:16.320 +study, do my work and just concentrate on + +12:16.320 --> 12:18.600 +myself. While there's people out there, + +12:18.680 --> 12:20.740 +there's students in the high schools that + +12:20.740 --> 12:21.700 +are getting pushed pushed out of the + +12:21.700 --> 12:24.500 +schools, there's the farm workers that are + +12:24.500 --> 12:26.100 +getting treated badly, there's kids being + +12:26.100 --> 12:27.500 +born without hands because of the + +12:27.500 --> 12:29.580 +pesticides that they put on the grapes. I + +12:29.580 --> 12:31.480 +mean, I can't just sit and concentrate on + +12:31.480 --> 12:33.440 +my own work and not worry about what's + +12:33.440 --> 12:37.140 +going on because that's my people, that's + +12:37.140 --> 12:39.160 +my parents, that's my family, that's + +12:39.160 --> 12:42.440 +everybody. I wouldn't be able to live with + +12:42.440 --> 12:44.640 +myself without doing anything about it. I + +12:44.640 --> 12:46.060 +wouldn't be able to live with myself + +12:46.060 --> 12:47.540 +without just thinking about myself and my + +12:47.540 --> 12:49.660 +career and getting straight A's and and + +12:49.660 --> 12:51.480 +doing my resumes and stuff like that, I + +12:51.480 --> 12:53.220 +wouldn't be able to do that. I mean, both + +12:53.220 --> 12:56.600 +things can be done. You know, so, like, I + +12:56.600 --> 12:58.820 +think that we're doing this so that, you + +12:58.820 --> 13:00.580 +know, later generations of Stanford + +13:00.580 --> 13:03.120 +Chicanos and Chicanas don't have to do it. + +13:03.320 --> 13:05.820 +Today we had, you know, little Chicanitas + +13:05.820 --> 13:07.620 +and Chicanitos from East Palo Alto come + +13:07.620 --> 13:09.820 +out and from a Vale Afro-Clerico group + +13:09.820 --> 13:12.280 +called Raíces de México, and they came out + +13:12.280 --> 13:15.160 +and they came out and supported us. You + +13:15.160 --> 13:16.700 +know, they're just little kids. I don't + +13:16.700 --> 13:18.920 +know, they're probably, like, from 5 to, + +13:18.980 --> 13:21.400 +like, 12. maybe and you know the reason + +13:21.400 --> 13:23.300 +we're doing this now and sacrificing our + +13:23.300 --> 13:26.660 +academic times or study hours or whatever + +13:26.660 --> 13:30.560 +um you so that they when they come here + +13:30.560 --> 13:34.540 +you know you know they can focus you know + +13:34.540 --> 13:37.400 +on on doing the things that they need to + +13:37.400 --> 13:41.040 +do instead of having to struggle so much i + +13:41.040 --> 13:42.460 +mean i think it's just like our parents + +13:42.460 --> 13:44.020 +you know they struggle so that we don't + +13:44.020 --> 13:46.060 +have to struggle and we don't i mean we + +13:46.060 --> 13:48.420 +don't struggle we're still struggling but + +13:48.420 --> 13:50.020 +at a different level You know what I mean? + +13:50.360 --> 13:53.520 +We're not, I mean, we don't have to worry, + +13:53.660 --> 13:55.160 +once we get out of here, we're not going + +13:55.160 --> 13:56.760 +to have to worry about where am I going to + +13:56.760 --> 13:59.100 +get something to eat like before or how + +13:59.100 --> 14:00.460 +are we going to pay the bills. We're + +14:00.460 --> 14:01.980 +probably going to have to, you know, we're + +14:01.980 --> 14:03.400 +probably going to be able to pay even our + +14:03.400 --> 14:07.340 +parents' bills. Hopefully, yeah. Yeah, I + +14:07.340 --> 14:13.320 +think it also goes + +14:13.320 --> 14:15.900 +back to the question about where, why did + +14:15.900 --> 14:18.020 +we choose a hunger strike. It's kind of + +14:18.020 --> 14:20.180 +like, you know, we know that our grades + +14:20.180 --> 14:21.600 +are going to suffer from this and we're + +14:21.600 --> 14:24.100 +not going to graduate with a great GPA, + +14:24.280 --> 14:27.180 +you know, as we could have. And I mean, + +14:27.180 --> 14:29.800 +it's to show that, I mean, we know that + +14:29.800 --> 14:33.540 +we're capable of doing a work, but we feel + +14:33.540 --> 14:35.840 +so strongly about this that we're willing + +14:35.840 --> 14:38.740 +to do a little bit, you know, worse than + +14:38.740 --> 14:40.820 +everybody else because our issues are so + +14:40.820 --> 14:41.260 +important. + +14:44.500 --> 14:47.040 +I don't know if the administration sees + +14:47.040 --> 14:50.200 +that, but I don't know if anybody sees + +14:50.200 --> 14:56.680 +that. I know that I could be a nice + +14:56.680 --> 15:05.180 +student, but I choose to better be a human + +15:05.180 --> 15:08.280 +being first, first and to care more about + +15:08.280 --> 15:12.400 +my people than about my grades. I was + +15:12.400 --> 15:14.940 +going to ask you, related to the incident + +15:14.940 --> 15:17.800 +that happened on Sunday at the Flix, the + +15:17.800 --> 15:23.140 +film, notaries of shows, how do you feel + +15:23.140 --> 15:26.480 +or what steps can the university take to + +15:26.480 --> 15:30.140 +educate the student community, even staff + +15:30.140 --> 15:33.960 +and faculty, about the issue of ongoing + +15:33.960 --> 15:36.980 +racism, the issue why it's important to + +15:36.980 --> 15:40.100 +have abandoned graves on this campus. How + +15:40.100 --> 15:42.300 +do you think the university can take a + +15:42.300 --> 15:46.260 +proactive role in educating the community? + +15:46.640 --> 15:49.940 +I think if they really truly believe that + +15:49.940 --> 15:51.840 +that isn't right, that the incident at + +15:51.840 --> 15:54.260 +Flix isn't right, or that people should + +15:54.260 --> 15:58.500 +know and should understand that the + +15:58.500 --> 16:00.420 +pesticides and the harm that they're doing + +16:00.420 --> 16:02.760 +to people is wrong, then they should take + +16:02.760 --> 16:04.020 +it upon themselves to educate this + +16:04.020 --> 16:05.000 +university. If they really feel + +16:05.000 --> 16:06.400 +responsible for the education of their + +16:06.400 --> 16:08.480 +students, if they really, if they believe + +16:08.480 --> 16:09.840 +that that is an important issue, that + +16:09.840 --> 16:12.360 +people's lives and people's health and the + +16:12.360 --> 16:14.680 +reaction of some or a lot of students + +16:14.680 --> 16:18.460 +finding that amusing, there's something + +16:18.460 --> 16:19.640 +wrong with that. There's something wrong + +16:19.640 --> 16:22.000 +with the mentality or with the ignorance + +16:22.000 --> 16:24.000 +level or something of the students at this + +16:24.000 --> 16:25.800 +university. And they are responsible + +16:25.800 --> 16:27.700 +because they're the administrators, + +16:27.800 --> 16:29.520 +they're in charge of this school. They're + +16:29.520 --> 16:32.620 +here to serve the students, but they're + +16:32.620 --> 16:34.580 +also here to help educate them. And + +16:34.580 --> 16:36.260 +there's, I mean, to me that proved just a + +16:36.260 --> 16:37.780 +lot of ignorance. It didn't surprise me, + +16:37.820 --> 16:39.600 +but it was very offensive and it was very + +16:39.600 --> 16:41.660 +disrespectful. And if they really, if they + +16:41.660 --> 16:43.820 +agree with that at all, then it's their + +16:43.820 --> 16:46.920 +responsibility to deal with it. I mean, + +16:46.940 --> 16:49.720 +the main things that we're, you know, just + +16:49.720 --> 16:52.100 +to bring up what we're striking striking + +16:52.100 --> 16:57.500 +about. We have these issues that we have + +16:57.500 --> 16:59.420 +been dealing with as a community for a + +16:59.420 --> 17:05.360 +long time. One of them being a campus ban + +17:05.360 --> 17:09.980 +on grapes, the development of a Chicano + +17:09.980 --> 17:13.460 +Studies program, and the community center + +17:13.460 --> 17:14.220 +in Hispalo Alto. + +17:17.540 --> 17:19.640 +These are things that we can talk about + +17:19.640 --> 17:25.140 +specifically and offered for Cecilia + +17:25.140 --> 17:27.040 +Bulciaga. And the offer for a high-level + +17:27.040 --> 17:29.940 +position for Cecilia Bulciaga, a high + +17:29.940 --> 17:34.880 +-level administrator here. Why is it + +17:34.880 --> 17:38.180 +important for the university to recognize + +17:38.180 --> 17:44.380 +Cecilia's contributions? Why is Cecilia's + +17:44.380 --> 17:47.560 +position in Cecilia's role included among + +17:47.560 --> 17:52.180 +these other three? Well basically because + +17:52.180 --> 17:55.060 +it ties down to the whole approach that + +17:55.060 --> 17:56.880 +we're taking that our education isn't + +17:56.880 --> 17:58.940 +addressing the real issues. You know the + +17:58.940 --> 18:02.480 +issues being poverty, the joblessness, and + +18:02.480 --> 18:06.560 +you know the over representation we have + +18:06.560 --> 18:08.680 +in the jails and just everything. + +18:08.680 --> 18:11.220 +anything. And she ties into that because + +18:11.220 --> 18:14.660 +Cecilia has always worked for those + +18:14.660 --> 18:20.460 +issues. She was working on the Boycott + +18:20.460 --> 18:23.620 +Grapes campaign. And when she gets here, + +18:23.740 --> 18:30.080 +you get here, she's like a role model. + +18:39.300 --> 18:44.460 +Oh, man, I'm getting tired. Oh, no, you're + +18:44.460 --> 18:46.460 +good. Yeah, what we're talking about, + +18:46.520 --> 18:50.500 +she's a role model and a role mother. + +18:51.660 --> 18:55.560 +Mother figure. Mother figure. That's it. + +18:55.740 --> 18:58.900 +No, I guess basically because she helps in + +18:58.900 --> 19:02.420 +just keeping us here because it's hard to + +19:02.420 --> 19:04.800 +survive in a campus like this when you + +19:04.800 --> 19:06.880 +have people like Sunday nights at Flick + +19:06.880 --> 19:09.600 +saying, beaners go home or, you know, + +19:09.620 --> 19:11.880 +saying stuff like that here at Stanford. I + +19:11.880 --> 19:13.960 +mean, how are we supposed to survive in a + +19:13.960 --> 19:16.300 +climate that doesn't even accept us, that + +19:16.300 --> 19:18.260 +you have to justify your existence? And + +19:18.260 --> 19:20.840 +you need people like Cecilia Bustiaga and + +19:20.840 --> 19:24.720 +like Francis that just help you out just + +19:24.720 --> 19:27.000 +to make, like, especially the transition + +19:27.000 --> 19:29.200 +from, like, your first year. I mean, + +19:29.260 --> 19:31.220 +that's what helped me so much living in + +19:31.220 --> 19:33.400 +Zapata my very first year is, Because I + +19:33.400 --> 19:36.000 +survived the whole year because I was + +19:36.000 --> 19:39.580 +living there, I think. She helped out a + +19:39.580 --> 19:43.140 +lot with my parents and just everything. + +19:45.280 --> 19:47.140 +They're always caring for you. She's an + +19:47.140 --> 19:51.100 +important contact for us. There's so few + +19:51.100 --> 19:54.260 +of us here. And then there's so few of our + +19:54.260 --> 19:58.600 +Chicano and Chicana role models here that + +19:58.600 --> 20:01.600 +we can talk to and say, hey, this happened + +20:01.600 --> 20:04.920 +to me today. Or, you know, I really, it's + +20:04.920 --> 20:07.540 +really strange for me to be here and not + +20:07.540 --> 20:09.560 +be back home where I see a lot of people + +20:09.560 --> 20:11.980 +who look like myself, you know. And these + +20:11.980 --> 20:13.940 +are people that you can talk to. Like + +20:13.940 --> 20:16.780 +Cecilia, you know, she's, she's, I mean, I + +20:16.780 --> 20:19.640 +find it incredible she always has time to + +20:19.640 --> 20:24.440 +hear us out. Always. Yeah, when, when I + +20:24.440 --> 20:26.820 +was a freshman, like I have a really nice + +20:26.820 --> 20:31.340 +story about her that, when when I, well I + +20:31.340 --> 20:34.420 +didn't, for some dumb chance, I didn't get + +20:34.420 --> 20:36.740 +to live in Zapata my freshman year. And + +20:36.740 --> 20:39.780 +so, so like I had a lot of problems like + +20:39.780 --> 20:42.380 +just trying to adapt and trying to, trying + +20:42.380 --> 20:44.080 +to decide like what I was going to do with + +20:44.080 --> 20:46.020 +my life. And I had this whole big problem + +20:46.020 --> 20:48.100 +about deciding whether to be a doctor and + +20:48.100 --> 20:51.400 +secure a good financial future for myself + +20:51.400 --> 20:53.220 +and for my family or do what I really + +20:53.220 --> 20:54.980 +wanted to do, which was to be a teacher. + +20:55.400 --> 20:59.860 +And my, my freshman advisor recommended + +20:59.860 --> 21:02.100 +that I go to her because he had heard so + +21:02.100 --> 21:04.180 +many nice things about her that he thought + +21:04.180 --> 21:06.140 +she could help me. And I remember going + +21:06.140 --> 21:09.080 +into her office and just like crying my + +21:09.080 --> 21:11.040 +guts out because I didn't know what, I + +21:11.040 --> 21:12.480 +didn't know where I fit into this + +21:12.480 --> 21:15.840 +university. And she talked, she had time, + +21:15.900 --> 21:19.180 +like she sat with me in her office and + +21:19.180 --> 21:22.420 +talked to me and encouraged me to do what + +21:22.420 --> 21:25.900 +I felt was right, you know, to let my + +21:25.900 --> 21:30.140 +heart decide And, I mean, for the + +21:30.140 --> 21:32.860 +university not to recognize that she is + +21:32.860 --> 21:35.740 +capable of keeping me here because I was + +21:35.740 --> 21:39.880 +ready to leave. And she literally helped + +21:39.880 --> 21:43.580 +me to stay. And if it wasn't for her, I + +21:43.580 --> 21:47.700 +mean, I wouldn't be here. All of you are + +21:47.700 --> 21:49.740 +members of METCHA, Movimiento Estudante de + +21:49.740 --> 21:53.540 +Chicano. That's long history. What is the + +21:53.540 --> 21:57.040 +significance of this new phase? And I'm + +21:57.040 --> 22:00.020 +referring specifically to the various + +22:00.020 --> 22:04.140 +events that started at UCLA, UC Santa + +22:04.140 --> 22:06.540 +Barbara, Colorado, University of Colorado, + +22:06.800 --> 22:08.860 +and Michigan State. Virginia, too. + +22:09.080 --> 22:11.760 +Virginia, too. Can you talk about this in + +22:11.760 --> 22:14.880 +the context of the overall resurgence of + +22:14.880 --> 22:19.100 +MECHA and Chicano student activism? I + +22:19.100 --> 22:22.320 +think as Mecha is the Chicano student + +22:22.320 --> 22:24.880 +movement and there's a long history of + +22:24.880 --> 22:27.060 +activism there, leading back to the + +22:27.060 --> 22:29.540 +original plan of Plan de Santa Aurora. And + +22:29.540 --> 22:33.000 +I think that each of us has maintained + +22:33.000 --> 22:38.360 +that goal of the betterment of la raza. + +22:39.460 --> 22:44.480 +Our Mecha is very strong and we support + +22:44.480 --> 22:49.540 +with those founding Mechistas, came up + +22:49.540 --> 22:51.220 +with in terms of the plan of Santa + +22:51.220 --> 22:56.260 +Barbara. It's gaining, it's in UCLA and UC + +22:56.260 --> 22:58.280 +Santa Barbara and other universities, + +22:58.540 --> 23:02.660 +Mecha members and and other organizations + +23:02.660 --> 23:06.480 +are taking the leadership and moving the + +23:06.480 --> 23:10.400 +universities to meet the demands. The + +23:10.400 --> 23:11.560 +thing is playing instruments to roll. + +23:16.140 --> 23:19.380 +They got misquoted? Are they in support? + +23:19.800 --> 23:25.460 +Yeah. So what happened? That sucks man. I + +23:25.460 --> 23:28.480 +feel bad for lying about it. Oh yeah, + +23:28.620 --> 23:32.140 +sorry. Sorry. I was going to ask you, I + +23:32.140 --> 23:37.080 +know earlier I talked to your dad, and I + +23:37.080 --> 23:40.000 +talked to your mom, and I know from them + +23:40.000 --> 23:42.640 +that it's been really hard for them. I + +23:42.640 --> 23:44.380 +mean, they haven't been eating as well. + +23:44.920 --> 23:48.140 +They're also, in a way, also in the hunger + +23:48.140 --> 23:51.480 +strike. How do you feel about your + +23:51.480 --> 23:55.660 +parents' role in this? How are you going + +23:55.660 --> 23:57.160 +to explain it to your parents once it's + +23:57.160 --> 23:58.800 +over and you haven't really explained it + +23:58.800 --> 23:59.020 +yet? + +24:03.480 --> 24:07.860 +Well, I told my biggest worry in terms of + +24:07.860 --> 24:10.660 +deciding to take part in the fast was how + +24:10.660 --> 24:13.040 +my mom was going to take it. Because I + +24:13.040 --> 24:14.700 +thought she was going to, you know, she's + +24:14.700 --> 24:15.840 +an asthmatic and I thought she was going + +24:15.840 --> 24:17.340 +to get sick because any time she stresses + +24:17.340 --> 24:19.340 +out she has really bad attacks and stuff. + +24:19.480 --> 24:22.280 +I just knew I was going to worry her and I + +24:22.280 --> 24:23.280 +was going to hurt her and that was the + +24:23.280 --> 24:25.260 +thing that scared me the most. But I + +24:25.260 --> 24:27.780 +talked to her about it and I kind of eased + +24:27.780 --> 24:28.760 +her into it. But I started telling her + +24:28.760 --> 24:30.840 +first about the plan to stay out of the + +24:30.840 --> 24:31.880 +quarter and stuff like that. And she was + +24:31.880 --> 24:34.760 +like, well, she told me before I even + +24:34.760 --> 24:35.980 +mentioned to her that I was going to fast. + +24:36.040 --> 24:37.600 +She said, well, Mija, when you are + +24:37.600 --> 24:39.440 +leading, when you are a leader and you + +24:39.440 --> 24:41.420 +want to take part in changing things when + +24:41.420 --> 24:42.760 +they're bad, sometimes you have to make + +24:42.760 --> 24:45.060 +sacrifices. She said, and you know, + +24:45.080 --> 24:47.260 +whatever happens, you guys, you know, you + +24:47.260 --> 24:48.540 +have my prayers and you have my support. + +24:48.720 --> 24:50.180 +And so then when I told her, she was like, + +24:50.240 --> 24:52.460 +oh, and I guess she maybe understood or + +24:52.460 --> 24:53.840 +was getting, you know, thought that I was + +24:53.840 --> 24:55.560 +going to get to that because I told her + +24:55.560 --> 24:56.800 +and she She was like, well, she said, I'm + +24:56.800 --> 24:58.060 +not going to tell you to do it, and I'm + +24:58.060 --> 24:59.020 +not going to tell you not to do it, + +24:59.040 --> 25:01.500 +because I don't want to feel responsible + +25:01.500 --> 25:02.740 +for you doing it, and I don't want to feel + +25:02.740 --> 25:05.100 +responsible for you feeling bad because + +25:05.100 --> 25:07.480 +maybe it didn't succeed or because you + +25:07.480 --> 25:09.540 +really didn't want to do what you wanted + +25:09.540 --> 25:11.300 +to. She said, but I'm really scared. But + +25:11.300 --> 25:15.280 +she said that she had faith in God, and as + +25:15.280 --> 25:16.460 +long as I had faith in God, that + +25:16.460 --> 25:18.280 +everything was going to be okay. And so + +25:18.280 --> 25:19.840 +for me, it was very empowering, because + +25:19.840 --> 25:21.680 +the minute I got off the phone, I decided, + +25:21.680 --> 25:24.160 +I decided, I really felt strongly about it + +25:24.160 --> 25:25.940 +already and I decided that this was + +25:25.940 --> 25:27.080 +something I was going to do. And even + +25:27.080 --> 25:28.320 +though I was going to cause her a lot of + +25:28.320 --> 25:31.020 +pain, that I was going to get through it + +25:31.020 --> 25:32.020 +and she was going to get through it. And + +25:32.020 --> 25:34.380 +I'm pretty sure that she hasn't been + +25:34.380 --> 25:36.220 +eating either. And I haven't been able to + +25:36.220 --> 25:38.220 +speak with her since that last time I + +25:38.220 --> 25:42.340 +talked to her. But like she told me, she + +25:42.340 --> 25:45.320 +said, you know, she said for herself that + +25:45.320 --> 25:47.360 +she's already past her youth and she + +25:47.360 --> 25:48.740 +doesn't know that she can do that much + +25:48.740 --> 25:50.760 +anymore. And she said, it's our turn. And + +25:50.760 --> 25:53.280 +so here we are, we're trying to make + +25:53.280 --> 25:55.280 +changes because I don't want to, I really + +25:55.280 --> 25:56.760 +don't want my little brother to have to do + +25:56.760 --> 25:59.240 +something like this. And I have a younger + +25:59.240 --> 26:00.900 +sister who's here also and I don't want + +26:00.900 --> 26:03.000 +her to have to, you know, continue this. I + +26:03.000 --> 26:04.320 +mean, she probably won't have to just + +26:04.320 --> 26:06.100 +because that's the way things are around + +26:06.100 --> 26:09.360 +here. But, you know, if I can help out in + +26:09.360 --> 26:11.480 +some way so that, you know, the kids that + +26:11.480 --> 26:12.980 +come here later don't have to be going + +26:12.980 --> 26:14.600 +through this, then that would be awesome. + +26:14.720 --> 26:15.300 +So, yeah. + +26:23.260 --> 26:27.160 +I guess that was the hardest thing for me + +26:27.160 --> 26:31.440 +as well. I knew when we thought of the + +26:31.440 --> 26:34.540 +idea, I knew that I wanted to do it. I + +26:34.540 --> 26:37.140 +wanted to be part of the hunger strike. I + +26:37.140 --> 26:40.200 +just knew that I could do it and I was + +26:40.200 --> 26:43.120 +going to have the willpower to go through + +26:43.120 --> 26:45.120 +with it. it, but the only thing was my + +26:45.120 --> 26:47.040 +mom. I didn't know how to tell her. I + +26:47.040 --> 26:49.240 +didn't know what to tell her. I was scared + +26:49.240 --> 26:51.000 +because I know that the way my mom is, she + +26:51.000 --> 26:54.420 +worries and she doesn't sleep at night and + +26:54.420 --> 26:59.360 +she can't eat. It's just bad. I hate it. I + +26:59.360 --> 27:02.320 +don't like doing that to her because she + +27:02.320 --> 27:05.020 +still works and she's getting older and + +27:05.020 --> 27:08.100 +everything. I don't know. It's just + +27:08.100 --> 27:10.180 +something I felt so deep from my heart. I + +27:10.180 --> 27:11.820 +just thought, you know, so many people are + +27:11.820 --> 27:13.700 +are going to gain a lot from this. So many + +27:13.700 --> 27:17.260 +people are going to have a lot of things + +27:17.260 --> 27:19.280 +come out of this, especially with the Ispa + +27:19.280 --> 27:21.900 +Lo Alto Community Center and with the + +27:21.900 --> 27:25.360 +boycott on the graves. It's just immediate + +27:25.360 --> 27:30.220 +help for people that are dying and being + +27:30.220 --> 27:34.360 +born with birth defects. So when I told + +27:34.360 --> 27:38.680 +her, she was telling me she didn't want me + +27:38.680 --> 27:40.560 +to do it. She was telling me I'm anemic, + +27:40.760 --> 27:42.900 +that I was anemic. Then my dad told me I + +27:42.900 --> 27:45.320 +had a low red blood cell count. They were + +27:45.320 --> 27:46.920 +just coming up with all these things that + +27:46.920 --> 27:49.000 +I had that I shouldn't be doing it because + +27:49.000 --> 27:50.860 +I was so skinny and I was going to + +27:50.860 --> 27:54.660 +disappear and this and that. So then, oh, + +27:54.660 --> 27:59.020 +sorry. So then after, + +28:01.240 --> 28:02.960 +oh, when I told her, I mean, it was really + +28:02.960 --> 28:05.840 +hard. She was crying and everything. And + +28:05.840 --> 28:08.080 +then I called her after the first day of + +28:08.080 --> 28:11.020 +the hunger strike, like, and she couldn't + +28:11.020 --> 28:12.940 +talk to me because she didn't want to cry + +28:12.940 --> 28:15.980 +on the phone. So that just made me, I was + +28:15.980 --> 28:17.380 +just crying. I was talking to my sister + +28:17.380 --> 28:19.040 +and my sister was, you know, I was telling + +28:19.040 --> 28:20.960 +her, tell my mom that I'm not hungry. Tell + +28:20.960 --> 28:22.680 +her that I'm feeling good, the issues are + +28:22.680 --> 28:24.260 +keeping me alive and they're going to keep + +28:24.260 --> 28:27.320 +me alive and I'm going to be okay. So, but + +28:27.320 --> 28:28.900 +she's going to come today because she's + +28:28.900 --> 28:31.120 +worried and she wants to see me. + +28:35.500 --> 28:37.500 +Well, the hardest part of this whole thing + +28:37.500 --> 28:42.040 +was just to tell my mom and dad that I was + +28:42.040 --> 28:44.560 +going to do this because we've all said we + +28:44.560 --> 28:49.240 +don't want to make them suffer. But I told + +28:49.240 --> 28:51.700 +her and she said, okay, well if you guys + +28:51.700 --> 28:53.080 +are still out there after three days then + +28:53.080 --> 28:55.560 +I'm going to come out. out. And then right + +28:55.560 --> 28:58.500 +like a few minutes before I left I was + +28:58.500 --> 29:00.660 +talking to her, y me estaba dando la + +29:00.660 --> 29:02.700 +bendicion. Do I have to translate that? + +29:03.000 --> 29:08.540 +Oh, okay. And then, um, and then, um, so, + +29:08.680 --> 29:11.500 +you know, she was crying and I could tell + +29:11.500 --> 29:13.500 +and she was giving me the bendicion. And + +29:13.500 --> 29:15.040 +so she was like, you know what, I'm going + +29:15.040 --> 29:17.240 +to be out there tomorrow and stuff. And, + +29:17.320 --> 29:19.460 +you know, my mom and dad got some money + +29:19.460 --> 29:22.020 +together and then so my mom could fly out + +29:22.020 --> 29:25.760 +here and and stuff. And so she came out + +29:25.760 --> 29:28.480 +last night and I mean I think it was + +29:28.480 --> 29:30.640 +better for her to come because she was + +29:30.640 --> 29:32.220 +upset when she saw me and she was crying + +29:32.220 --> 29:34.520 +and stuff but she's been really good and + +29:34.520 --> 29:36.000 +everybody's been really supportive of her + +29:36.000 --> 29:38.000 +and she's been, I think it makes her feel + +29:38.000 --> 29:41.320 +good to feel useful to this thing. She + +29:41.320 --> 29:45.120 +feels a part of this strike and she feels + +29:45.120 --> 29:47.060 +a part of the movement and I think that + +29:47.060 --> 29:50.180 +she is because we're fighting for her and + +29:50.180 --> 29:53.280 +for for everybody. She slept out there + +29:53.280 --> 30:00.420 +with us last night. She's hardcore. For + +30:00.420 --> 30:02.960 +me, that was definitely the hardest part. + +30:03.660 --> 30:07.120 +After I did it, I wished that I didn't + +30:07.120 --> 30:12.160 +have to, but I know that if I hadn't, it + +30:12.160 --> 30:13.780 +would have been worse for her if she had + +30:13.780 --> 30:17.980 +found out some other way. I'm just really + +30:17.980 --> 30:19.420 +worried about her because she has heart + +30:19.420 --> 30:22.860 +problems. I was afraid that if she saw me + +30:22.860 --> 30:26.020 +on the news or something, you know, , you + +30:26.020 --> 30:29.260 +know, we'd end up everything with yours. + +30:29.440 --> 30:32.680 +But, you know, she's fine and she already + +30:32.680 --> 30:35.260 +told me that she supports me. And even + +30:35.260 --> 30:37.420 +though it's the hardest thing, you know, + +30:37.460 --> 30:40.540 +for her, like, she knows. So I told her + +30:40.540 --> 30:42.560 +that it was her who taught me how to fight + +30:42.560 --> 30:46.200 +and maybe that, hopefully that made her + +30:46.200 --> 30:48.300 +feel a little bit better but maybe, + +30:48.480 --> 30:50.860 +hopefully, I don't know. I don't know + +30:50.860 --> 30:53.620 +exactly how she is. Last time I talked to + +30:53.620 --> 30:57.520 +her she sounded very weak and my dad + +30:57.520 --> 30:59.360 +called me like the next morning, the + +30:59.360 --> 31:02.340 +morning after I told my mom and he tried + +31:02.340 --> 31:04.440 +his hardest to convince me not to do it. + +31:04.440 --> 31:06.980 +He told me all kinds of things. And he + +31:06.980 --> 31:09.040 +told me, why do you want to go through + +31:09.040 --> 31:11.460 +another hunger after you've suffered so + +31:11.460 --> 31:13.900 +many hungers in your life? And just + +31:13.900 --> 31:15.420 +reminding me of all the things that I've + +31:15.420 --> 31:17.060 +had to go through just to get where I am + +31:17.060 --> 31:20.300 +and trying to tell me, well, don't do it. + +31:20.440 --> 31:23.280 +But I still did it, and he's here right + +31:23.280 --> 31:26.200 +now, and he came and told me. He's still + +31:26.200 --> 31:27.960 +trying to convince me to stop because he + +31:27.960 --> 31:30.240 +goes, he says, you know, your mom's going + +31:30.240 --> 31:33.060 +to come up here tomorrow, and if you're + +31:33.060 --> 31:34.620 +still on the strike, she's going to strike + +31:34.620 --> 31:40.180 +with you. I think generally my parents + +31:40.180 --> 31:42.380 +have the same feelings as all the others + +31:42.380 --> 31:45.600 +do, but it's a little bit easier for them + +31:45.600 --> 31:46.940 +to handle because tonight's going to be my + +31:46.940 --> 31:50.180 +last day fasting. So that's basically it. + +31:51.580 --> 31:56.660 +Last word, Yvonne? Well, okay. You said + +31:56.660 --> 31:58.840 +it's for historical purposes, right? So + +31:58.840 --> 32:02.980 +when, you know, 20 years from now when + +32:02.980 --> 32:04.480 +other Chicanos look at this, you know, + +32:04.520 --> 32:07.880 +we... And Chicanas. And Chicanas. Sorry, + +32:08.140 --> 32:12.080 +I'm tired. You know, when other gente see + +32:12.080 --> 32:15.960 +this, just to remember that, you know, + +32:15.960 --> 32:18.120 +even when you're looking at this now, 20 + +32:18.120 --> 32:20.120 +years later, the movement is still alive + +32:20.120 --> 32:22.440 +in you. And we still have to keep + +32:22.440 --> 32:24.560 +struggling because, you know... Well, + +32:24.620 --> 32:26.560 +hopefully we can stop. Hopefully we can + +32:26.560 --> 32:28.120 +stop some of it, but I mean if it's still + +32:28.120 --> 32:33.340 +it's still bad, you know now You know we + +32:33.340 --> 32:35.600 +can do it. Yeah, and don't take advantage + +32:36.480 --> 32:39.380 +of what You know what you have I guess + +32:39.380 --> 32:41.860 +like like for us is very important to say + +32:41.860 --> 32:44.500 +Oh, we have we have a sento and there's a + +32:44.500 --> 32:46.100 +lot of people that work hard for it Settle + +32:46.100 --> 32:47.760 +for what you don't settle for you have and + +32:47.760 --> 32:49.760 +don't forget us pretty much Don't forget + +32:49.760 --> 32:51.980 +the people who fought before you all the + +32:51.980 --> 32:53.600 +things like the people that fought before + +32:53.600 --> 32:58.660 +us and before us and before them and just + +32:58.660 --> 33:02.020 +remember we're doing this for you for the + +33:02.020 --> 33:04.660 +future. For the youth! + +33:08.180 --> 33:13.760 +My name is Sh... Oh, okay. The new message + +33:13.760 --> 33:13.920 +is this... + +33:40.680 --> 33:43.900 +It is currently about 7.30 on the 6th of + +33:43.900 --> 33:49.700 +May, Friday, 1994. We have just collected, + +33:50.000 --> 33:55.280 +witnessed the five testimonials from five + +33:55.280 --> 33:57.280 +of the hunger strikers, which have + +33:57.280 --> 34:02.680 +included at one point over 100 solidarity + +34:02.680 --> 34:07.080 +strikers. At this time, we've received the + +34:07.080 --> 34:08.460 +latest response from the Administration, + +34:08.860 --> 34:10.780 +which has been recalcitrant up to this + +34:10.780 --> 34:13.800 +point. and I understand that there's still + +34:13.800 --> 34:16.160 +many points that need to be go need to be + +34:16.160 --> 34:18.960 +reviewed and some more dialogue that needs + +34:18.960 --> 34:20.780 +to be that needs to take place but at the + +34:20.780 --> 34:23.800 +moment it looks as though statement that + +34:23.800 --> 34:26.720 +that we have made as a community the + +34:26.720 --> 34:28.720 +Chicano community and the statement that + +34:28.720 --> 34:31.660 +comes from various communities throughout + +34:31.660 --> 34:34.080 +the Bay Area and the nation and solidarity + +34:34.080 --> 34:39.440 +with us has has begun to open the + +34:39.440 --> 34:41.340 +administration's eyes to the justness of + +34:41.340 --> 34:45.480 +our cause and our demands. However, as I + +34:45.480 --> 34:48.380 +said, there still is some work to be done. + +34:48.520 --> 34:52.740 +For the moment, it seems as though our + +34:52.740 --> 34:56.260 +first demand, that is the offering of a + +34:56.260 --> 34:58.320 +high-level position to Associate Dean + +34:58.320 --> 35:00.860 +Cecilia Bursiaga, is still not being met. + +35:02.480 --> 35:04.540 +And as I said, this is our first demand + +35:04.540 --> 35:08.280 +and it's very important to us. So more + +35:08.280 --> 35:11.260 +negotiation has to go on with regards to + +35:11.260 --> 35:14.220 +that. The second demand involves the + +35:14.220 --> 35:15.800 +establishment of a community center in + +35:15.800 --> 35:18.880 +East Palo Alto to serve the community that + +35:18.880 --> 35:21.880 +literally works to preserve the + +35:21.880 --> 35:28.000 +functioning of this university. And as far + +35:28.000 --> 35:34.180 +as the administration is concerned, they + +35:34.180 --> 35:37.260 +are receptive to the initiative that the + +35:37.260 --> 35:38.700 +Chicano students, the Chicano and Chicana + +35:38.700 --> 35:41.040 +students have presented in terms of + +35:41.040 --> 35:43.700 +bridging the gap between the community and + +35:43.700 --> 35:47.220 +the academy. This has been a very + +35:47.220 --> 35:50.160 +important component to the struggle here. + +35:50.520 --> 35:52.620 +As a matter of fact, this is a component + +35:52.620 --> 35:54.600 +that isn't new. It goes all the way back + +35:54.600 --> 35:56.560 +to the Plan de Santa Barbara, which + +35:56.560 --> 36:03.120 +inaugurated Mecha. So we are very hopeful + +36:03.120 --> 36:05.140 +that some breakthrough will come through + +36:05.140 --> 36:06.740 +here. As regards to the Chicano and + +36:06.740 --> 36:10.740 +Chicana studies, again, this is the + +36:10.740 --> 36:13.540 +justness and the feasibility of this + +36:13.540 --> 36:16.540 +demand has led the administration to also + +36:16.540 --> 36:21.020 +give overtures that are encouraging. + +36:21.020 --> 36:26.080 +Finally, the issue of grapes on campus + +36:26.080 --> 36:29.240 +has, and specifically the negative + +36:29.240 --> 36:31.960 +reactions, the racist reactions to our + +36:31.960 --> 36:33.820 +efforts to educate the community at + +36:33.820 --> 36:38.220 +Stanford has, and our protest, our protest + +36:38.220 --> 36:41.660 +against those negative reactions has led + +36:41.660 --> 36:43.680 +the university to embark upon an + +36:43.680 --> 36:47.060 +initiative to educate all the dorms + +36:47.060 --> 36:48.560 +through the showing of the no grapes video + +36:48.560 --> 36:55.420 +and also through establishing a dialogue + +36:55.420 --> 36:57.040 +with our community, the Chicano community, + +36:57.740 --> 37:00.500 +in an effort to bridge the gaps that have + +37:00.500 --> 37:03.780 +been caused, + +37:04.020 --> 37:06.840 +bridge the divisions that have been caused + +37:06.840 --> 37:11.180 +by the racism that's very often a result + +37:11.180 --> 37:15.920 +of an academy which is very hierarchical + +37:15.920 --> 37:19.160 +and one which is institutionally and + +37:19.160 --> 37:21.500 +structurally hostile to the presence of + +37:21.500 --> 37:24.240 +minorities and other marginalized people. + +37:24.680 --> 37:27.320 +With this, I would just like to say, Que + +37:27.320 --> 37:30.500 +viva la raza y adelante. We're going to + +37:30.500 --> 37:30.980 +win this one. + +38:11.960 --> 38:14.900 +Thank you. Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qf378nj5000_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qf378nj5000_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5112fde --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qf378nj5000_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1448 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:02.320 --> 00:03.000 +. + +00:23.680 --> 00:26.740 +My name is Elvira Prieto. I'm a sophomore + +00:26.740 --> 00:30.240 +in human biology here. I'm from Reedley, + +00:30.360 --> 00:32.060 +California, which is a small agricultural + +00:32.060 --> 00:34.280 +town in the San Joaquin Valley. My parents + +00:34.280 --> 00:36.260 +are migrant workers, and I've worked in + +00:36.260 --> 00:38.180 +the fields with them all my life, up until + +00:38.180 --> 00:43.320 +I started coming to school. My name is Eva + +00:43.320 --> 00:46.240 +Silva. I'm a senior majoring in human + +00:46.240 --> 00:49.320 +biology with an emphasis on education in + +00:49.320 --> 00:51.980 +the diverse classroom. And I'm from + +00:51.980 --> 00:54.840 +Salinas, California, and I'm going to be a + +00:54.840 --> 00:59.040 +math teacher. My name is Tamara Alvarado + +00:59.040 --> 01:01.420 +and I'm majoring in Spanish Chicano + +01:01.420 --> 01:05.400 +Studies. I'm from a town in San Diego + +01:05.400 --> 01:12.040 +called Escondido and what else? That's it + +01:12.040 --> 01:17.200 +for now. My name is Julia Gonzalez Luna. I + +01:17.200 --> 01:19.900 +am a senior majoring in public policy with + +01:19.900 --> 01:24.100 +a focus on on education. And I'm from + +01:24.100 --> 01:28.120 +Burbank, California, and I'm going to be a + +01:28.120 --> 01:31.180 +social studies high school teacher. + +01:35.720 --> 01:38.580 +Do you want to ask some questions here as + +01:38.580 --> 01:42.340 +to how this started? In your own words, + +01:42.460 --> 01:44.860 +how did it start? How did this hunter + +01:44.860 --> 01:45.980 +strike start and why? Why? + +01:50.840 --> 01:53.040 +How did it start? Speak to us as if we + +01:53.040 --> 01:56.260 +don't know. Okay. Speak to me like you do. + +01:56.740 --> 01:59.240 +Well, I guess it was a buildup of a lot of + +01:59.240 --> 02:01.280 +different things that have been happening, + +02:01.360 --> 02:03.920 +not only on this campus, but overall in + +02:03.920 --> 02:07.460 +this nation with the status of Chicanos + +02:07.460 --> 02:10.580 +and Chicanas in the United States, in the + +02:10.580 --> 02:14.380 +universities and everywhere else. So, you + +02:14.380 --> 02:18.760 +know, I guess I can run down, like, since + +02:18.760 --> 02:20.120 +my freshman year, so many things have + +02:20.120 --> 02:22.080 +happened, the closing down of the Office + +02:22.080 --> 02:26.320 +of Chicano Affairs, and then with all the + +02:26.320 --> 02:28.140 +threats, with the budget cuts to the + +02:28.140 --> 02:31.020 +ethnic centers, and just these attacks on + +02:31.020 --> 02:33.840 +the theme houses, on the ethnic centers, + +02:33.900 --> 02:37.060 +and everything else, and then the laying + +02:37.060 --> 02:41.240 +off of Cecilia Burciaga. I mean everything + +02:41.240 --> 02:43.760 +just like piled down piled down and so + +02:43.760 --> 02:46.200 +many things are happening that we say wait + +02:46.200 --> 02:48.060 +we need to do something about it and we + +02:48.060 --> 02:49.960 +need to change what's going on because + +02:49.960 --> 02:54.740 +nothing's happening that we want to happen + +02:55.480 --> 02:58.340 +I'm tired, I'm sorry. No, you sound good. + +02:58.520 --> 03:00.520 +Some people wonder why you would need to + +03:00.520 --> 03:02.980 +take a drastic measure like this. I think + +03:02.980 --> 03:05.620 +you'll say why didn't you? Because the + +03:05.620 --> 03:07.560 +administration has been very, whenever + +03:07.560 --> 03:10.600 +we've had like meetings and townhouse + +03:10.600 --> 03:11.920 +meetings or whatever, get togethers with + +03:11.920 --> 03:15.060 +any of the administrators, we don't get + +03:15.060 --> 03:17.680 +any results that we're happy with. And so + +03:17.680 --> 03:19.080 +it seemed to me like for them to really + +03:19.080 --> 03:21.240 +understand how extreme the situation is on + +03:21.240 --> 03:23.700 +this campus and how extreme things are + +03:23.700 --> 03:25.800 +outside in terms of immigrant bashing and + +03:25.800 --> 03:29.480 +just the way that people in Ispa Lo Alto + +03:29.480 --> 03:31.960 +are, that it was maybe the only way that + +03:31.960 --> 03:33.700 +they would, I don't know if it would touch + +03:33.700 --> 03:35.200 +their heart or if they would just stop to + +03:35.200 --> 03:37.380 +think about it or if we could get enough + +03:37.380 --> 03:39.520 +bad press for this university so that they + +03:39.520 --> 03:41.140 +could finally just really think about it. + +03:41.320 --> 03:42.960 +Because otherwise they weren't paying + +03:42.960 --> 03:44.780 +attention. It was just like everything had + +03:44.780 --> 03:46.860 +to go business as usual and there seemed + +03:46.860 --> 03:49.260 +to be this idea about hierarchy here that + +03:49.260 --> 03:51.300 +it was from top down it was what they said + +03:51.300 --> 03:53.480 +first and then if we could deal with that + +03:53.480 --> 03:56.280 +if we as students could deal with what the + +03:56.280 --> 03:57.880 +university wanted well then that was fine + +03:57.880 --> 03:59.840 +and if we couldn't that's too bad because + +03:59.840 --> 04:01.800 +they're at their position because you know + +04:01.800 --> 04:05.540 +they earned it or whatever yeah because + +04:05.540 --> 04:09.300 +meeting after meeting like you didn't get + +04:09.300 --> 04:12.240 +anything concrete from meeting with them + +04:12.240 --> 04:14.380 +every single time it was just okay I'll + +04:14.380 --> 04:15.580 +give I'll give you a meeting from 6 to 7, + +04:15.600 --> 04:17.820 +I'll give you a meeting from 5.30 to 6 or + +04:17.820 --> 04:22.000 +whatever. We've tried their methods. We've + +04:22.000 --> 04:25.380 +tried their methods of working things out. + +04:25.480 --> 04:27.940 +And their methods are to draw things out + +04:27.940 --> 04:31.420 +for as long as possible in order to not + +04:31.420 --> 04:33.200 +give us things. At least, you know, they + +04:33.200 --> 04:35.240 +may say differently, but that's what it + +04:35.240 --> 04:38.540 +feels like. And it's ridiculous to have to + +04:38.540 --> 04:42.160 +spend... I'm sorry I'm slow, but I'm a + +04:42.160 --> 04:44.840 +little bit tired. It's ridiculous to spend + +04:44.840 --> 04:46.480 +so much time just talking and talking + +04:46.480 --> 04:49.320 +about things. And they're trying to tire + +04:49.320 --> 04:53.500 +us out with just talking. So that's what + +04:53.500 --> 04:55.720 +it had to come to. And when people are not + +04:55.720 --> 04:58.560 +heard, and this happens in society at + +04:58.560 --> 05:01.700 +large, when people are not heard, yeah, I + +05:01.700 --> 05:04.480 +don't know if I want to say abnormal + +05:04.480 --> 05:07.000 +behaviors, but behaviors that are not + +05:07.000 --> 05:12.460 +normal are what happen. And yeah, this is + +05:12.460 --> 05:15.000 +not normal. This is not normal behavior + +05:15.000 --> 05:20.840 +for us to be not eating. But you know... I + +05:20.840 --> 05:22.840 +really like to eat. Yeah, we like to eat. + +05:23.980 --> 05:27.520 +And I emphasize, you know, why are + +05:27.520 --> 05:29.360 +Chicanos in prison? Why are Chicanos in + +05:29.360 --> 05:32.160 +poverty? That's not normal. That's not + +05:32.160 --> 05:34.980 +normal for people. But because of society, + +05:35.200 --> 05:38.080 +that's how we are. We've waited long + +05:38.080 --> 05:40.740 +enough for this. I mean, I know the + +05:40.740 --> 05:42.240 +administration is probably thinking, well, + +05:42.260 --> 05:43.900 +you know, be patient and these changes + +05:43.900 --> 05:46.240 +will happen. But we've been patient long + +05:46.240 --> 05:49.660 +enough. And, you know, the Chicano Studies + +05:49.660 --> 05:53.280 +major has been, was envisioned back in the + +05:53.280 --> 05:58.360 +70s, even the 60s. And we've been waiting + +05:58.360 --> 06:00.640 +since then. And it's about time that we + +06:00.640 --> 06:04.300 +get recognized. You know, Chicanos are the + +06:04.300 --> 06:08.200 +biggest, are coming to be a majority in + +06:08.200 --> 06:11.280 +California. you know, maybe even in the + +06:11.280 --> 06:14.100 +whole country after a while, but I mean + +06:14.100 --> 06:15.680 +it's about time that our issues get + +06:15.680 --> 06:18.380 +recognized and that other people just + +06:18.380 --> 06:22.080 +realize that we're not going to go away. + +06:22.360 --> 06:24.400 +And if they don't educate themselves about + +06:24.400 --> 06:27.940 +us, then it's just going to be worse for + +06:27.940 --> 06:31.340 +them. Julia, you co-authored a really + +06:31.340 --> 06:33.320 +beautiful poem entitled Somos Mujeres. + +06:33.740 --> 06:35.040 +What for you What do you think is the + +06:35.040 --> 06:37.820 +significance of having four Chicanas + +06:37.820 --> 06:41.540 +taking the Vanguard role in this movement, + +06:41.760 --> 06:43.200 +which is really bigger than this campus? + +06:44.940 --> 06:48.860 +For me, I mean... I don't know. We didn't + +06:48.860 --> 06:50.740 +really realize it was four women until + +06:50.740 --> 06:53.880 +somebody pointed it out to us. I mean, we + +06:53.880 --> 06:56.280 +knew it was girls, but we didn't see it + +06:56.280 --> 06:59.200 +like, you know, oh, there's no guys here, + +06:59.360 --> 07:06.080 +and what's up with the guys? but I don't + +07:06.080 --> 07:07.460 +know I mean we have a lot of supporters + +07:07.460 --> 07:09.400 +that are male and maybe they didn't say + +07:09.400 --> 07:10.800 +they're gonna go for the long run but + +07:10.800 --> 07:13.400 +they've been you know there the whole time + +07:13.400 --> 07:16.340 +everybody like has had has their roles and + +07:16.340 --> 07:19.700 +it's like there's some people that are the + +07:19.700 --> 07:21.360 +negotiators there's people that are + +07:21.360 --> 07:23.300 +security over here there's like everybody + +07:23.300 --> 07:27.180 +has a roles and you know we're not the the + +07:27.180 --> 07:29.160 +most important because if it wasn't for + +07:29.160 --> 07:31.180 +them then you know nobody would be + +07:31.180 --> 07:33.080 +listening to us or whatever and there's + +07:33.080 --> 07:34.860 +other people that have been fasting also + +07:34.860 --> 07:38.220 +like Felipe sitting over there again he's + +07:38.220 --> 07:40.320 +been fasting these three days with us as + +07:40.320 --> 07:41.400 +well and like there's people that + +07:41.400 --> 07:43.540 +committed to three days and others that do + +07:43.540 --> 07:46.280 +one one day cycles to show their support + +07:46.280 --> 07:50.140 +and solidarity it's true there are a lot + +07:50.140 --> 07:53.360 +of males that are doing really important + +07:53.360 --> 07:54.840 +stuff in terms of really trying you know + +07:54.840 --> 07:56.580 +like with the rest of the women also + +07:56.580 --> 07:58.480 +trying to take care of us and and trying + +07:58.480 --> 08:00.000 +to watch out for this, and they're just + +08:00.000 --> 08:02.600 +constantly looking out to see what we need + +08:02.600 --> 08:05.000 +or what needs to be done for the whole + +08:05.000 --> 08:06.780 +group. And so it's, I don't know, I don't + +08:06.780 --> 08:08.900 +know that it's specifically a female thing + +08:08.900 --> 08:11.260 +to be fasting or anything like that. Yeah, + +08:11.280 --> 08:12.600 +because I think... Because everybody + +08:12.600 --> 08:14.540 +really does have their own role, and + +08:14.540 --> 08:16.500 +everybody's been really supportive, and + +08:16.500 --> 08:19.480 +we're working together. It just so + +08:19.480 --> 08:22.600 +happened that we're the ones that... It + +08:22.600 --> 08:28.700 +was quite... that we're the ones that were + +08:28.700 --> 08:33.800 +ready mentally at this time to fast. And + +08:33.800 --> 08:36.440 +it just so happens that we're all women. + +08:37.560 --> 08:40.300 +People are calling us guerrillas and + +08:40.300 --> 08:42.160 +revolucionarias. + +08:44.840 --> 08:49.180 +That's fine. That's nice. That's really + +08:49.180 --> 08:52.340 +nice. But everybody's been revolutionary. + +08:52.340 --> 08:59.160 +And it comes down to what your, I don't + +08:59.160 --> 09:01.100 +want to say your talents, because I don't + +09:01.100 --> 09:02.620 +think our talent is to be hungry, but + +09:02.620 --> 09:06.580 +pretty much everybody is taking on the + +09:06.580 --> 09:08.600 +role that is best suited for themselves. + +09:15.800 --> 09:18.640 +There's Felipe. There's Felipe. You have + +09:18.640 --> 09:20.240 +all the things that you could have done, + +09:20.300 --> 09:22.800 +all the actions you could have taken. Why + +09:22.800 --> 09:26.280 +fasting? Why did you choose to fast? + +09:29.500 --> 09:32.720 +Well, it's obviously a really strong + +09:32.720 --> 09:35.440 +statement. You know, it's something that, + +09:35.460 --> 09:40.040 +it's uncompromising, and it's something + +09:40.040 --> 09:42.540 +that shows just how serious we are about + +09:42.540 --> 09:45.380 +these issues. They're issues that our + +09:45.380 --> 09:47.120 +fathers, grandfathers, and people way + +09:47.120 --> 09:49.580 +before us, and have fought for them. We + +09:49.580 --> 09:52.180 +have a responsibility to those ancestors + +09:52.180 --> 09:54.600 +of ours to make sure that those dreams + +09:54.600 --> 09:57.800 +that they had, that vision they had is + +09:57.800 --> 10:00.120 +fulfilled. We can't just, you know, it may + +10:00.120 --> 10:03.920 +be 20 years, 20, 30, 20 years later from + +10:03.920 --> 10:06.320 +the Chicano movement that people think is + +10:06.320 --> 10:08.000 +dead, but it's not dead. We're here and + +10:08.000 --> 10:09.140 +we're living and we're the Chicano + +10:09.140 --> 10:12.620 +movement. And Chicana movement. Yeah. + +10:13.800 --> 10:15.860 +Chicano, Chicana. Chicano movement. + +10:17.540 --> 10:19.840 +Felipe, you just joined us, but actually + +10:19.840 --> 10:21.240 +you've been with us throughout this whole + +10:21.240 --> 10:23.360 +struggle from the beginning as it was + +10:23.360 --> 10:25.220 +pointed out. Can you tell us a little bit + +10:25.220 --> 10:27.280 +about yourself, where you're from, and + +10:27.280 --> 10:30.800 +your reflection on this struggle? Sure. My + +10:30.800 --> 10:33.080 +name is Felipe Barayan. I'm a freshman, + +10:33.300 --> 10:36.960 +originally from Los Angeles, California. + +10:39.480 --> 10:41.740 +This struggle, I think for me, it's + +10:41.740 --> 10:44.640 +something that's very important because I + +10:44.640 --> 10:47.720 +went to high school in Watts and a lot of + +10:47.720 --> 10:50.040 +people know what Watts is like, 1965, + +10:51.380 --> 10:53.520 +Watts Rebellion, the Ninety-Two Riots. + +10:54.200 --> 10:57.860 +There I saw issues that the educational + +10:57.860 --> 11:00.280 +system for high school students and + +11:00.280 --> 11:02.260 +Chicano-Tatinos there wasn't addressing + +11:02.260 --> 11:05.420 +the real issues. Once I came here, I got a + +11:05.420 --> 11:08.360 +taste of it, I got a taste of Chicano + +11:08.360 --> 11:10.820 +studies and I found out how crucial that + +11:10.820 --> 11:15.580 +was. And I think that getting involved + +11:15.580 --> 11:17.920 +with the struggle is important for me to + +11:17.920 --> 11:22.380 +build the processes with which we learn to + +11:22.380 --> 11:24.620 +deal with inner city to wipe out the + +11:24.620 --> 11:27.140 +marginalization of our people. + +11:30.120 --> 11:34.560 +In terms of your actions, a lot of people + +11:34.560 --> 11:36.860 +are probably thinking that you came here + +11:36.860 --> 11:39.160 +to study and that you should be in the + +11:39.160 --> 11:42.540 +classroom, not protesting. + +11:43.980 --> 11:47.460 +So you're making a decision because it is + +11:47.460 --> 11:50.920 +a pretty tough university to be at and + +11:50.920 --> 11:53.220 +there's a lot of demands and you're kind + +11:53.220 --> 11:56.140 +of out there really taking a big chance. + +11:57.380 --> 12:00.800 +How did you make that decision? See, I + +12:00.800 --> 12:04.560 +guess, like, the main thing is, is, like, + +12:04.680 --> 12:08.340 +I never, like, when I came here, I didn't + +12:08.340 --> 12:12.100 +want to come and just study and go to + +12:12.100 --> 12:15.380 +class and go back home, study, do my work, + +12:15.400 --> 12:17.360 +and just concentrate on myself. While + +12:17.360 --> 12:19.280 +there's people out there, there's students + +12:19.280 --> 12:20.980 +in the high schools that are getting + +12:20.980 --> 12:23.300 +pushed out of the schools, there's the + +12:23.300 --> 12:24.940 +farm workers that are getting treated + +12:24.940 --> 12:26.600 +badly, there's kids being born without + +12:26.600 --> 12:28.380 +hands because of the pesticides that they + +12:28.380 --> 12:30.140 +put on the grapes. I mean, I can't just + +12:30.140 --> 12:32.740 +sit and concentrate on my own work and not + +12:32.740 --> 12:35.280 +worry about what's going on because that's + +12:35.280 --> 12:38.380 +my people, that's my parents, that's my + +12:38.380 --> 12:41.520 +family, that's everybody. And I wouldn't + +12:41.520 --> 12:43.520 +be able to live with myself without doing + +12:43.520 --> 12:45.280 +anything about it. I wouldn't be able to + +12:45.280 --> 12:46.860 +live with myself with just thinking about + +12:46.860 --> 12:49.020 +myself and my career and getting straight + +12:49.020 --> 12:51.160 +A's and doing my resumes and stuff like + +12:51.160 --> 12:52.880 +that. I wouldn't be able to do that. I + +12:52.880 --> 12:55.720 +mean both things can be done. And also + +12:55.720 --> 12:58.240 +like I think that we're doing this so that + +12:58.240 --> 13:00.540 +you know later generations of Stanford + +13:00.540 --> 13:03.120 +Chicanos and Chicanas don't have to do it. + +13:03.300 --> 13:05.820 +Today we had you know little Chicanitas + +13:05.820 --> 13:07.620 +and Chicanitos from East Palo Alto come + +13:07.620 --> 13:10.660 +out and from a group called Raices de + +13:10.660 --> 13:12.840 +Mexico and they came out and they're you + +13:12.840 --> 13:15.160 +know they they came and supported us. You + +13:15.160 --> 13:16.700 +know, they're just little kids. I don't + +13:16.700 --> 13:19.100 +know, they're probably like from 5 to like + +13:19.100 --> 13:21.580 +12 maybe. And, you know, the reason we're + +13:21.580 --> 13:23.320 +doing this now and sacrificing our + +13:23.320 --> 13:26.660 +academic times or study hours or whatever, + +13:28.840 --> 13:30.960 +so that they, when they come here, you + +13:30.960 --> 13:35.920 +know, they can focus, you know, on doing + +13:35.920 --> 13:38.480 +the things that they need to do instead of + +13:38.480 --> 13:41.300 +having to struggle so much. I mean, I + +13:41.300 --> 13:42.680 +think it's just like our parents, you + +13:42.680 --> 13:44.120 +know. They struggle so that we don't have + +13:44.120 --> 13:46.000 +to struggle. And we don't, I mean, we + +13:46.000 --> 13:48.700 +don't... We're still struggling, but at a + +13:48.700 --> 13:50.000 +different level. You know what I mean? + +13:50.400 --> 13:53.500 +We're not, I mean, we don't have to worry, + +13:53.580 --> 13:55.160 +once we get out of here, we're not going + +13:55.160 --> 13:56.760 +to have to worry about where am I going to + +13:56.760 --> 13:59.080 +get something to eat, like before. Or how + +13:59.080 --> 14:00.700 +are we going to pay the bills. We're + +14:00.700 --> 14:01.980 +probably going to have to, you know, we're + +14:01.980 --> 14:03.400 +probably going to be able to pay even our + +14:03.400 --> 14:07.340 +parents' bills. Hopefully, yeah. Yeah, I + +14:07.340 --> 14:09.240 +think the teachers are going to teach us + +14:09.240 --> 14:13.880 +how to eat. I think it also goes back to + +14:13.880 --> 14:16.560 +the question about why did we choose a + +14:16.560 --> 14:18.340 +hunger strike. It's kind of like, you + +14:18.340 --> 14:20.560 +know, we know that our grades are going to + +14:20.560 --> 14:21.980 +suffer from this and we're not going to + +14:21.980 --> 14:25.580 +graduate with a great GPA, you know, as we + +14:25.580 --> 14:27.980 +could have. And I mean, it's to show that, + +14:28.060 --> 14:30.820 +I mean, we know that we're capable of + +14:30.820 --> 14:34.840 +doing a work, but we feel so strongly + +14:34.840 --> 14:36.720 +about this that we're willing to do a + +14:36.720 --> 14:39.020 +little bit, you know, worse than everybody + +14:39.020 --> 14:41.260 +else because our issues are so important. + +14:43.160 --> 14:46.140 +I mean, I think, I don't know if the + +14:46.140 --> 14:49.480 +administration sees that, but I don't know + +14:49.480 --> 14:54.100 +if anybody sees that. But I mean, you + +14:54.100 --> 14:56.680 +know, I know that I could be a nice + +14:56.680 --> 15:01.140 +student, you know, but, you know, I choose + +15:01.140 --> 15:05.560 +to better be like, to be a human being + +15:05.560 --> 15:08.860 +first and to care more about my people + +15:08.860 --> 15:12.680 +than about my grades. I was going to ask + +15:12.680 --> 15:15.320 +you, related to the incident that happened + +15:15.320 --> 15:18.180 +on Sunday at the Flix, at the film, + +15:18.280 --> 15:23.520 +Notaries of Sholom, how do you feel, or + +15:23.520 --> 15:26.400 +what steps can the university take to + +15:26.400 --> 15:30.140 +educate the student community, even staff + +15:30.140 --> 15:33.960 +and faculty, about the issue of ongoing + +15:33.960 --> 15:36.980 +racism, the issue of why it's important to + +15:36.980 --> 15:40.100 +have abandoned graves on this campus. How + +15:40.100 --> 15:42.300 +do you think the university can take a + +15:42.300 --> 15:46.260 +proactive role in educating the community? + +15:46.640 --> 15:49.940 +I think if they really truly believe that + +15:49.940 --> 15:51.840 +that isn't right, that the incident at + +15:51.840 --> 15:54.260 +Flix isn't right, or that people should + +15:54.260 --> 15:58.500 +know and should understand that the + +15:58.500 --> 16:00.420 +pesticides and the harm that they're doing + +16:00.420 --> 16:02.760 +to people is wrong, then they should take + +16:02.760 --> 16:04.020 +it upon themselves to educate this + +16:04.020 --> 16:05.000 +university. If they really feel + +16:05.000 --> 16:06.400 +responsible for the education of their + +16:06.400 --> 16:08.480 +students, if they really, if they believe + +16:08.480 --> 16:09.860 +that that is an important issue, that + +16:09.860 --> 16:12.360 +people's lives and people's health and the + +16:12.360 --> 16:14.680 +reaction of some or a lot of students + +16:14.680 --> 16:18.460 +finding that amusing, there's something + +16:18.460 --> 16:19.340 +wrong with that. that there's something + +16:19.340 --> 16:21.140 +wrong with the mentality or with the + +16:21.140 --> 16:23.280 +ignorance level or something of the + +16:23.280 --> 16:25.420 +students at this university. And they are + +16:25.420 --> 16:27.280 +responsible because they're the + +16:27.280 --> 16:28.620 +administrators, they're in charge of this + +16:28.620 --> 16:31.700 +school. They're here to serve the + +16:31.700 --> 16:33.400 +students, but they're also here to help + +16:33.400 --> 16:35.500 +educate them. And there's, I mean, to me + +16:35.500 --> 16:36.960 +that proved just a lot of ignorance. It + +16:36.960 --> 16:38.680 +didn't surprise me, but it was very + +16:38.680 --> 16:40.080 +offensive and it was very disrespectful. + +16:40.120 --> 16:42.080 +And if they really, if they agree with + +16:42.080 --> 16:43.820 +that at all, then it's their + +16:43.820 --> 16:47.040 +responsibility to deal with it. I mean the + +16:47.040 --> 16:49.880 +main things that were, you know, just to + +16:49.880 --> 16:54.540 +bring up what we're striking about, we + +16:54.540 --> 16:57.760 +have these issues that we have been + +16:57.760 --> 16:59.560 +dealing with as a community for a long + +16:59.560 --> 17:04.420 +time. And you know, one of them being a + +17:04.420 --> 17:09.680 +campus ban on grapes, the development of a + +17:09.680 --> 17:13.020 +Chicano studies program and the community + +17:13.020 --> 17:17.940 +center in Hispano Alto. And you know, + +17:17.960 --> 17:19.640 +these are things that we can talk about + +17:19.640 --> 17:25.140 +specifically. And the offer for Cecilia + +17:25.140 --> 17:27.060 +Bulciaga. And the offer for a high level + +17:27.060 --> 17:29.900 +position for Cecilia Bulciaga, a high + +17:29.900 --> 17:33.500 +level administrator here. Chicama + +17:33.500 --> 17:36.980 +administrator. Why is it important for the + +17:36.980 --> 17:38.460 +university to recognize recognize + +17:38.460 --> 17:44.400 +Cecilia's contributions. Why Cecilia's + +17:44.400 --> 17:47.560 +position, Cecilia's role included among + +17:47.560 --> 17:52.180 +these other three? Well, basically because + +17:52.180 --> 17:55.060 +it ties down to the whole approach that + +17:55.060 --> 17:56.900 +we're taking that our education isn't + +17:56.900 --> 17:58.960 +addressing the real issues. You know, the + +17:58.960 --> 18:01.780 +issues being poverty, the joblessness, + +18:01.780 --> 18:06.180 +homelessness, and the over-representation + +18:06.180 --> 18:08.680 +we have in the jails, and just everything. + +18:09.180 --> 18:12.120 +And she ties into that because Cecilia has + +18:12.120 --> 18:15.340 +always worked for those issues. She was + +18:15.340 --> 18:21.280 +working on the Boycott Grapes campaign. + +18:21.820 --> 18:24.680 +And when she gets here, I mean, when she's + +18:24.680 --> 18:28.280 +here, you get here. I mean, she's like a + +18:28.280 --> 18:36.600 +role model. A role model. What is this? A + +18:36.600 --> 18:41.700 +role mother. Oh, man, I'm getting tired. + +18:43.200 --> 18:46.480 +Oh, no. Yeah, what we're talking about, + +18:46.520 --> 18:50.520 +she's a role model and a role mother. + +18:51.700 --> 18:55.600 +Mother figure. Mother figure. That's it. + +18:55.900 --> 18:58.900 +No, I guess basically because she helps in + +18:58.900 --> 19:02.420 +just keeping us here. Because it's hard to + +19:02.420 --> 19:04.800 +survive in a campus like this when you + +19:04.800 --> 19:06.880 +have people, like, Sunday nights at Flick + +19:06.880 --> 19:09.600 +saying, Beaners, go home, or, you know, + +19:09.620 --> 19:11.900 +saying stuff like that here at Stanford. I + +19:11.900 --> 19:13.980 +mean, how are we supposed to survive in a + +19:13.980 --> 19:16.320 +climate that doesn't even accept us, that + +19:16.320 --> 19:18.020 +you have to justify your existence? And + +19:18.020 --> 19:20.860 +you need people like Cecilia Burciaga and + +19:20.860 --> 19:24.720 +like Francis that just help you out just + +19:24.720 --> 19:27.000 +to make, like, especially the transition + +19:27.000 --> 19:29.200 +from, like, your first year. I mean, + +19:29.240 --> 19:31.220 +that's what helped me so much living in + +19:31.220 --> 19:33.560 +Zapata my very first year is, you know, I + +19:33.560 --> 19:36.000 +survived the whole year because I was + +19:36.000 --> 19:38.540 +living there, I think. Because, I mean, + +19:38.560 --> 19:40.660 +she helped out a lot, like, with my + +19:40.660 --> 19:43.780 +parents and just everything. I mean, I + +19:43.780 --> 19:46.800 +think, like, they're always caring for + +19:46.800 --> 19:49.240 +you. She's an important contact for us. I + +19:49.240 --> 19:52.440 +mean, there's so few of us here. And then + +19:52.440 --> 19:56.580 +there's so few of our, you know, Chicano + +19:56.580 --> 19:58.940 +and Chicana role models here that we can, + +19:58.960 --> 20:00.860 +you know, talk to and say, you know, hey, + +20:00.960 --> 20:03.000 +you know, this happened to me today. Or, + +20:03.060 --> 20:05.500 +you know, I really, it's really strange + +20:05.500 --> 20:08.280 +for me to be here and not be back home + +20:08.280 --> 20:10.100 +where I see a lot of people who look like + +20:10.100 --> 20:12.280 +myself, you know. And these are people + +20:12.280 --> 20:14.360 +that you can talk to. too. Like Cecilia, + +20:14.520 --> 20:17.700 +you know, she's, she's, I mean, I find it + +20:17.700 --> 20:20.060 +incredible, she always has time to hear us + +20:20.060 --> 20:24.680 +out. Always. Yeah, when, um, when I was a + +20:24.680 --> 20:27.180 +freshman, like, I have a really nice story + +20:27.180 --> 20:31.340 +about her, that, um, when I, well, I + +20:31.340 --> 20:34.400 +didn't, for some dumb chance, I didn't get + +20:34.400 --> 20:36.740 +to live in Zapata my freshman year. And + +20:36.740 --> 20:39.480 +so, so, like, I had a lot of problems, + +20:39.560 --> 20:41.360 +like, just trying to adapt and and trying + +20:41.360 --> 20:44.200 +to decide what I was going to do with my + +20:44.200 --> 20:46.020 +life. And I had this whole big problem + +20:46.020 --> 20:48.100 +about deciding whether to be a doctor and + +20:48.100 --> 20:51.420 +secure a good financial future for myself + +20:51.420 --> 20:53.240 +and for my family or do what I really + +20:53.240 --> 20:54.980 +wanted to do, which was to be a teacher. + +20:55.380 --> 21:00.360 +And my freshman advisor recommended that I + +21:00.360 --> 21:02.280 +go to her because he had heard so many + +21:02.280 --> 21:04.340 +nice things about her that he thought she + +21:04.340 --> 21:06.440 +could help me. And I remember going into + +21:06.440 --> 21:09.460 +her office and just, like, crying my guts + +21:09.460 --> 21:12.260 +out because I didn't know where I fit into + +21:12.260 --> 21:17.920 +this university. And she had time. She sat + +21:17.920 --> 21:20.660 +with me in her office and talked to me and + +21:20.660 --> 21:24.320 +encouraged me to do what I felt was right, + +21:24.480 --> 21:29.940 +to let my heart decide. And, I mean, for + +21:29.940 --> 21:32.660 +the university not to recognize that she + +21:32.660 --> 21:35.560 +is capable of keeping me here because I + +21:35.560 --> 21:38.380 +was ready to leave. leave. And she + +21:38.380 --> 21:42.740 +literally helped me to stay. And if it + +21:42.740 --> 21:44.400 +wasn't for her, I mean, I wouldn't be + +21:44.400 --> 21:48.540 +here. All of you are members of MECHA, + +21:48.660 --> 21:50.500 +Movimiento Estudiantil Chicanos. That's + +21:50.500 --> 21:55.220 +long history. What is the significance of + +21:55.220 --> 21:57.260 +this new phase? And I'm referring + +21:57.260 --> 22:01.440 +specifically to the various events that + +22:01.440 --> 22:04.480 +started at UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, + +22:05.220 --> 22:06.920 +Colorado, University of Colorado, and + +22:06.920 --> 22:09.520 +Michigan State. Virginia too. Virginia + +22:09.520 --> 22:11.820 +too. Can you talk about this in the + +22:11.820 --> 22:15.600 +context of the overall resurgence of Mecha + +22:15.600 --> 22:20.460 +and Chicano student activism? I think as + +22:20.460 --> 22:23.820 +Mecha is the Chicano student movement, and + +22:23.820 --> 22:25.500 +there's a long history of activism there, + +22:25.620 --> 22:28.820 +dating back to the original planet and I + +22:28.820 --> 22:33.780 +think that each of us has maintained that + +22:33.780 --> 22:40.460 +goal of the betterment of La Raza. And our + +22:40.460 --> 22:45.060 +Mecha is very strong and we support with + +22:45.060 --> 22:49.840 +those founding Mechistas came up with in + +22:49.840 --> 22:52.740 +terms of the Plan de Santa Barbara. and + +22:52.740 --> 22:56.480 +it's gaining its and UCLA and UC Santa + +22:56.480 --> 22:59.780 +Barbara and other universities Mecha + +22:59.780 --> 23:03.780 +members and other organizations are taking + +23:03.780 --> 23:06.880 +the leadership and moving the universities + +23:06.880 --> 23:10.860 +to meet the demands the thing is playing + +23:10.860 --> 23:11.600 +instrumental role + +23:16.480 --> 23:18.340 +They got misquoted? They're going to print + +23:18.340 --> 23:20.540 +tomorrow. Are they in support? Yeah. We're + +23:20.540 --> 23:22.780 +rolling. So what happened? They're going + +23:22.780 --> 23:25.740 +to print tomorrow. That sucks, man. I feel + +23:25.740 --> 23:31.620 +bad for mine. Oh yeah. Sorry. Sorry. I was + +23:31.620 --> 23:33.560 +going to ask you, I know earlier I talked + +23:33.560 --> 23:39.220 +to your dad and I talked to your mom. I + +23:39.220 --> 23:42.120 +know from them that it's been really hard + +23:42.120 --> 23:43.860 +for them. I mean, they haven't been eating + +23:43.860 --> 23:47.660 +as well. They're also, in a way, also in + +23:47.660 --> 23:50.440 +the hunger strike. How do you feel? + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qf378nj5000_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qf378nj5000_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a62d686 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qf378nj5000_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html @@ -0,0 +1,635 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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reference
transcript
f1.f1.
2My name is Elvira Prieto.2My name is Elvira Prieto.
3I'm a sophomore in human biology here.3I'm a sophomore in human biology here.
4I'm from Reedley, California, which is a small agricultural town in the San Joaq4I'm from Reedley, California, which is a small agricultural town in the San Joaq
>uin Valley.>uin Valley.
5My parents are migrant workers, and I've worked in the fields with them all my l5My parents are migrant workers, and I've worked in the fields with them all my l
>ife, up until I started coming to school.>ife, up until I started coming to school.
6My name is Eva Silva.6My name is Eva Silva.
7I'm a senior majoring in human biology with an emphasis on education in the dive7I'm a senior majoring in human biology with an emphasis on education in the dive
>rse classroom.>rse classroom.
8And I'm from Salinas, California, and I'm going to be a math teacher.8And I'm from Salinas, California, and I'm going to be a math teacher.
9My name is Tamara Alvarado and I'm majoring in Spanish Chicano Studies.9My name is Tamara Alvarado and I'm majoring in Spanish Chicano Studies.
10I'm from a town in San Diego called Escondido and what else?10I'm from a town in San Diego called Escondido and what else?
11That's it for now.11That's it for now.
12My name is Julia Gonzalez Luna.12My name is Julia Gonzalez Luna.
13I am a senior majoring in public policy with a focus on on education.13I am a senior majoring in public policy with a focus on on education.
14And I'm from Burbank, California, and I'm going to be a social studies high scho14And I'm from Burbank, California, and I'm going to be a social studies high scho
>ol teacher.>ol teacher.
15Do you want to ask some questions here as to how this started?15Do you want to ask some questions here as to how this started?
16In your own words, how did it start?16In your own words, how did it start?
17How did this hunter strike start and why?17How did this hunter strike start and why?
18Why?18Why?
19How did it start?19How did it start?
20Speak to us as if we don't know.20Speak to us as if we don't know.
21Okay.21Okay.
22Speak to me like you do.22Speak to me like you do.
23Well, I guess it was a buildup of a lot of different things that have been happe23Well, I guess it was a buildup of a lot of different things that have been happe
>ning, not only on this campus, but overall in this nation with the status of Chi>ning, not only on this campus, but overall in this nation with the status of Chi
>canos and Chicanas in the United States, in the universities and everywhere else>canos and Chicanas in the United States, in the universities and everywhere else
>.>.
24So, you know, I guess I can run down, like, since my freshman year, so many thin24So, you know, I guess I can run down, like, since my freshman year, so many thin
>gs have happened, the closing down of the Office of Chicano Affairs, and then wi>gs have happened, the closing down of the Office of Chicano Affairs, and then wi
>th all the threats, with the budget cuts to the ethnic centers, and just these a>th all the threats, with the budget cuts to the ethnic centers, and just these a
>ttacks on the theme houses, on the ethnic centers, and everything else, and then>ttacks on the theme houses, on the ethnic centers, and everything else, and then
> the laying off of Cecilia Burciaga.> the laying off of Cecilia Burciaga.
25I mean everything just like piled down piled down and so many things are happeni25I mean everything just like piled down piled down and so many things are happeni
>ng that we say wait we need to do something about it and we need to change what'>ng that we say wait we need to do something about it and we need to change what'
>s going on because nothing's happening that we want to happen I'm tired, I'm sor>s going on because nothing's happening that we want to happen I'm tired, I'm sor
>ry.>ry.
26No, you sound good.26No, you sound good.
27Some people wonder why you would need to take a drastic measure like this.27Some people wonder why you would need to take a drastic measure like this.
28I think you'll say why didn't you?28I think you'll say why didn't you?
29Because the administration has been very, whenever we've had like meetings and t29Because the administration has been very, whenever we've had like meetings and t
>ownhouse meetings or whatever, get togethers with any of the administrators, we >ownhouse meetings or whatever, get togethers with any of the administrators, we 
>don't get any results that we're happy with.>don't get any results that we're happy with.
30And so it seemed to me like for them to really understand how extreme the situat30And so it seemed to me like for them to really understand how extreme the situat
>ion is on this campus and how extreme things are outside in terms of immigrant b>ion is on this campus and how extreme things are outside in terms of immigrant b
>ashing and just the way that people in Ispa Lo Alto are, that it was maybe the o>ashing and just the way that people in Ispa Lo Alto are, that it was maybe the o
>nly way that they would, I don't know if it would touch their heart or if they w>nly way that they would, I don't know if it would touch their heart or if they w
>ould just stop to think about it or if we could get enough bad press for this un>ould just stop to think about it or if we could get enough bad press for this un
>iversity so that they could finally just really think about it.>iversity so that they could finally just really think about it.
31Because otherwise they weren't paying attention.31Because otherwise they weren't paying attention.
32It was just like everything had to go business as usual and there seemed to be t32It was just like everything had to go business as usual and there seemed to be t
>his idea about hierarchy here that it was from top down it was what they said fi>his idea about hierarchy here that it was from top down it was what they said fi
>rst and then if we could deal with that if we as students could deal with what t>rst and then if we could deal with that if we as students could deal with what t
>he university wanted well then that was fine and if we couldn't that's too bad b>he university wanted well then that was fine and if we couldn't that's too bad b
>ecause they're at their position because you know they earned it or whatever yea>ecause they're at their position because you know they earned it or whatever yea
>h because meeting after meeting like you didn't get anything concrete from meeti>h because meeting after meeting like you didn't get anything concrete from meeti
>ng with them every single time it was just okay I'll give I'll give you a meetin>ng with them every single time it was just okay I'll give I'll give you a meetin
>g from 6 to 7, I'll give you a meeting from 5.30 to 6 or whatever.>g from 6 to 7, I'll give you a meeting from 5.30 to 6 or whatever.
33We've tried their methods.33We've tried their methods.
34We've tried their methods of working things out.34We've tried their methods of working things out.
35And their methods are to draw things out for as long as possible in order to not35And their methods are to draw things out for as long as possible in order to not
> give us things.> give us things.
36At least, you know, they may say differently, but that's what it feels like.36At least, you know, they may say differently, but that's what it feels like.
37And it's ridiculous to have to spend...37And it's ridiculous to have to spend...
38I'm sorry I'm slow, but I'm a little bit tired.38I'm sorry I'm slow, but I'm a little bit tired.
39It's ridiculous to spend so much time just talking and talking about things.39It's ridiculous to spend so much time just talking and talking about things.
40And they're trying to tire us out with just talking.40And they're trying to tire us out with just talking.
41So that's what it had to come to.41So that's what it had to come to.
42And when people are not heard, and this happens in society at large, when people42And when people are not heard, and this happens in society at large, when people
> are not heard, yeah, I don't know if I want to say abnormal behaviors, but beha> are not heard, yeah, I don't know if I want to say abnormal behaviors, but beha
>viors that are not normal are what happen.>viors that are not normal are what happen.
43And yeah, this is not normal.43And yeah, this is not normal.
44This is not normal behavior for us to be not eating.44This is not normal behavior for us to be not eating.
45But you know...45But you know...
46I really like to eat.46I really like to eat.
47Yeah, we like to eat.47Yeah, we like to eat.
48And I emphasize, you know, why are Chicanos in prison?48And I emphasize, you know, why are Chicanos in prison?
49Why are Chicanos in poverty?49Why are Chicanos in poverty?
50That's not normal.50That's not normal.
51That's not normal for people.51That's not normal for people.
52But because of society, that's how we are.52But because of society, that's how we are.
53We've waited long enough for this.53We've waited long enough for this.
54I mean, I know the administration is probably thinking, well, you know, be patie54I mean, I know the administration is probably thinking, well, you know, be patie
>nt and these changes will happen.>nt and these changes will happen.
55But we've been patient long enough.55But we've been patient long enough.
56And, you know, the Chicano Studies major has been, was envisioned back in the 7056And, you know, the Chicano Studies major has been, was envisioned back in the 70
>s, even the 60s.>s, even the 60s.
57And we've been waiting since then.57And we've been waiting since then.
58And it's about time that we get recognized.58And it's about time that we get recognized.
59You know, Chicanos are the biggest, are coming to be a majority in California.59You know, Chicanos are the biggest, are coming to be a majority in California.
60you know, maybe even in the whole country after a while, but I mean it's about t60you know, maybe even in the whole country after a while, but I mean it's about t
>ime that our issues get recognized and that other people just realize that we're>ime that our issues get recognized and that other people just realize that we're
> not going to go away.> not going to go away.
61And if they don't educate themselves about us, then it's just going to be worse 61And if they don't educate themselves about us, then it's just going to be worse 
>for them.>for them.
62Julia, you co-authored a really beautiful poem entitled Somos Mujeres.62Julia, you co-authored a really beautiful poem entitled Somos Mujeres.
63What for you What do you think is the significance of having four Chicanas takin63What for you What do you think is the significance of having four Chicanas takin
>g the Vanguard role in this movement, which is really bigger than this campus?>g the Vanguard role in this movement, which is really bigger than this campus?
64For me, I mean...64For me, I mean...
65I don't know.65I don't know.
66We didn't really realize it was four women until somebody pointed it out to us.66We didn't really realize it was four women until somebody pointed it out to us.
67I mean, we knew it was girls, but we didn't see it like, you know, oh, there's n67I mean, we knew it was girls, but we didn't see it like, you know, oh, there's n
>o guys here, and what's up with the guys?>o guys here, and what's up with the guys?
68but I don't know I mean we have a lot of supporters that are male and maybe they68but I don't know I mean we have a lot of supporters that are male and maybe they
> didn't say they're gonna go for the long run but they've been you know there th> didn't say they're gonna go for the long run but they've been you know there th
>e whole time everybody like has had has their roles and it's like there's some p>e whole time everybody like has had has their roles and it's like there's some p
>eople that are the negotiators there's people that are security over here there'>eople that are the negotiators there's people that are security over here there'
>s like everybody has a roles and you know we're not the the most important becau>s like everybody has a roles and you know we're not the the most important becau
>se if it wasn't for them then you know nobody would be listening to us or whatev>se if it wasn't for them then you know nobody would be listening to us or whatev
>er and there's other people that have been fasting also like Felipe sitting over>er and there's other people that have been fasting also like Felipe sitting over
> there again he's been fasting these three days with us as well and like there's> there again he's been fasting these three days with us as well and like there's
> people that committed to three days and others that do one one day cycles to sh> people that committed to three days and others that do one one day cycles to sh
>ow their support and solidarity it's true there are a lot of males that are doin>ow their support and solidarity it's true there are a lot of males that are doin
>g really important stuff in terms of really trying you know like with the rest o>g really important stuff in terms of really trying you know like with the rest o
>f the women also trying to take care of us and and trying to watch out for this,>f the women also trying to take care of us and and trying to watch out for this,
> and they're just constantly looking out to see what we need or what needs to be> and they're just constantly looking out to see what we need or what needs to be
> done for the whole group.> done for the whole group.
69And so it's, I don't know, I don't know that it's specifically a female thing to69And so it's, I don't know, I don't know that it's specifically a female thing to
> be fasting or anything like that.> be fasting or anything like that.
70Yeah, because I think...70Yeah, because I think...
71Because everybody really does have their own role, and everybody's been really s71Because everybody really does have their own role, and everybody's been really s
>upportive, and we're working together.>upportive, and we're working together.
72It just so happened that we're the ones that...72It just so happened that we're the ones that...
73It was quite...73It was quite...
74that we're the ones that were ready mentally at this time to fast.74that we're the ones that were ready mentally at this time to fast.
75And it just so happens that we're all women.75And it just so happens that we're all women.
76People are calling us guerrillas and revolucionarias.76People are calling us guerrillas and revolucionarias.
77That's fine.77That's fine.
78That's nice.78That's nice.
79That's really nice.79That's really nice.
80But everybody's been revolutionary.80But everybody's been revolutionary.
n81And you know, it comes down to like...n81And it comes down to what your, I don't want to say your talents, because I don'
 >t think our talent is to be hungry, but pretty much everybody is taking on the r
 >ole that is best suited for themselves.
82The focus should be on everybody.82There's Felipe.
83Yeah, it comes down to like what your, you know, I don't want to say your talent83There's Felipe.
>s, because I don't think our talent is to be hungry, but... 
84But pretty much like everybody is taking on the role that is best suited for the
>mselves. 
85There's Felipe! There's Felipe! You have all the things that you could have done84You have all the things that you could have done, all the actions you could have
>, all the actions you could have taken.> taken.
86Why fasting?85Why fasting?
87Why did you choose to fast?86Why did you choose to fast?
88Well, it's obviously a really strong statement.87Well, it's obviously a really strong statement.
n89It's something that is uncompromising and it's something that shows just how sern88You know, it's something that, it's uncompromising, and it's something that show
>ious we are about these issues.>s just how serious we are about these issues.
90They are issues that our fathers, grandfathers, and people way before us have fo89They're issues that our fathers, grandfathers, and people way before us, and hav
>ught for.>e fought for them.
91We have a responsibility to those ancestors of ours to make sure that those drea90We have a responsibility to those ancestors of ours to make sure that those drea
>ms that they had, that vision they had, is fulfilled.>ms that they had, that vision they had is fulfilled.
92We can't just, you know, it may be 20 years, 20, 30, 20 years later from the Chi91We can't just, you know, it may be 20 years, 20, 30, 20 years later from the Chi
>cano movement that people think is dead, but it's not dead.>cano movement that people think is dead, but it's not dead.
93We're here and we're living and we're the Chicano movement.92We're here and we're living and we're the Chicano movement.
nn93And Chicana movement.
94Yeah.
95Chicano, Chicana.
96Chicano movement.
94Felipe, you just joined us, but actually you've been with us throughout this who97Felipe, you just joined us, but actually you've been with us throughout this who
>le struggle from the beginning as was pointed out.>le struggle from the beginning as it was pointed out.
95Can you tell us a little bit about yourself, where you're from, and your reflect98Can you tell us a little bit about yourself, where you're from, and your reflect
>ion on this struggle?>ion on this struggle?
96Sure.99Sure.
n97My name is Felipe Barragan.n100My name is Felipe Barayan.
98I'm a freshman, originally from Los Angeles, California.101I'm a freshman, originally from Los Angeles, California.
99This struggle, I think for me, it's something that's very important because I we102This struggle, I think for me, it's something that's very important because I we
>nt to high school in Watts and a lot of people know what Watts is like, 1965, Wa>nt to high school in Watts and a lot of people know what Watts is like, 1965, Wa
>tts Rebellion, the Ninety-Two Riots.>tts Rebellion, the Ninety-Two Riots.
n100There I saw issues that the educational system for high school students and Chicn103There I saw issues that the educational system for high school students and Chic
>anos, Latinos there wasn't addressing the real issues.>ano-Tatinos there wasn't addressing the real issues.
101Once I came here, I got a taste of it, I got a taste of Chicano studies and I fo104Once I came here, I got a taste of it, I got a taste of Chicano studies and I fo
>und out how crucial that was.>und out how crucial that was.
102And I think that getting involved with the struggle is important for me to build105And I think that getting involved with the struggle is important for me to build
> the processes with which we learn to deal with inner city to wipe out the margi> the processes with which we learn to deal with inner city to wipe out the margi
>nalization of our people.>nalization of our people.
103In terms of your actions, a lot of people are probably thinking that you came he106In terms of your actions, a lot of people are probably thinking that you came he
>re to study and that you should be in the classroom, not protesting.>re to study and that you should be in the classroom, not protesting.
n104So you're making a decision, because it is a pretty tough university to be at ann107So you're making a decision because it is a pretty tough university to be at and
>d there's a lot of demands and you're kind of out there really taking a big chan> there's a lot of demands and you're kind of out there really taking a big chanc
>ce.>e.
105How did you make that decision?108How did you make that decision?
n106See, I guess the main thing is, I never, when I came here I didn't want to come n109See, I guess, like, the main thing is, is, like, I never, like, when I came here
>and just study and go to class and go back home, study, do my work and just conc>, I didn't want to come and just study and go to class and go back home, study, 
>entrate on myself.>do my work, and just concentrate on myself.
107While there's people out there, there's students in the high schools that are ge110While there's people out there, there's students in the high schools that are ge
>tting pushed pushed out of the schools, there's the farm workers that are gettin>tting pushed out of the schools, there's the farm workers that are getting treat
>g treated badly, there's kids being born without hands because of the pesticides>ed badly, there's kids being born without hands because of the pesticides that t
> that they put on the grapes.>hey put on the grapes.
108I mean, I can't just sit and concentrate on my own work and not worry about what111I mean, I can't just sit and concentrate on my own work and not worry about what
>'s going on because that's my people, that's my parents, that's my family, that'>'s going on because that's my people, that's my parents, that's my family, that'
>s everybody.>s everybody.
n109I wouldn't be able to live with myself without doing anything about it.n112And I wouldn't be able to live with myself without doing anything about it.
110I wouldn't be able to live with myself without just thinking about myself and my113I wouldn't be able to live with myself with just thinking about myself and my ca
> career and getting straight A's and and doing my resumes and stuff like that, I>reer and getting straight A's and doing my resumes and stuff like that.
> wouldn't be able to do that. 
114I wouldn't be able to do that.
111I mean, both things can be done.115I mean both things can be done.
112You know, so, like, I think that we're doing this so that, you know, later gener116And also like I think that we're doing this so that you know later generations o
>ations of Stanford Chicanos and Chicanas don't have to do it.>f Stanford Chicanos and Chicanas don't have to do it.
113Today we had, you know, little Chicanitas and Chicanitos from East Palo Alto com117Today we had you know little Chicanitas and Chicanitos from East Palo Alto come 
>e out and from a Vale Afro-Clerico group called Raíces de México, and they came >out and from a group called Raices de Mexico and they came out and they're you k
>out and they came out and supported us.>now they they came and supported us.
114You know, they're just little kids.118You know, they're just little kids.
n115I don't know, they're probably, like, from 5 to, like, 12.n119I don't know, they're probably like from 5 to like 12 maybe.
116maybe and you know the reason we're doing this now and sacrificing our academic 120And, you know, the reason we're doing this now and sacrificing our academic time
>times or study hours or whatever um you so that they when they come here you kno>s or study hours or whatever, so that they, when they come here, you know, they 
>w you know they can focus you know on on doing the things that they need to do i>can focus, you know, on doing the things that they need to do instead of having 
>nstead of having to struggle so much i mean i think it's just like our parents y>to struggle so much.
>ou know they struggle so that we don't have to struggle and we don't i mean we d 
>on't struggle we're still struggling but at a different level You know what I me 
>an? 
121I mean, I think it's just like our parents, you know.
122They struggle so that we don't have to struggle.
123And we don't, I mean, we don't...
124We're still struggling, but at a different level.
125You know what I mean?
117We're not, I mean, we don't have to worry, once we get out of here, we're not go126We're not, I mean, we don't have to worry, once we get out of here, we're not go
>ing to have to worry about where am I going to get something to eat like before >ing to have to worry about where am I going to get something to eat, like before
>or how are we going to pay the bills.>.
127Or how are we going to pay the bills.
118We're probably going to have to, you know, we're probably going to be able to pa128We're probably going to have to, you know, we're probably going to be able to pa
>y even our parents' bills.>y even our parents' bills.
119Hopefully, yeah.129Hopefully, yeah.
nn130Yeah, I think the teachers are going to teach us how to eat.
120Yeah, I think it also goes back to the question about where, why did we choose a131I think it also goes back to the question about why did we choose a hunger strik
> hunger strike.>e.
121It's kind of like, you know, we know that our grades are going to suffer from th132It's kind of like, you know, we know that our grades are going to suffer from th
>is and we're not going to graduate with a great GPA, you know, as we could have.>is and we're not going to graduate with a great GPA, you know, as we could have.
122And I mean, it's to show that, I mean, we know that we're capable of doing a wor133And I mean, it's to show that, I mean, we know that we're capable of doing a wor
>k, but we feel so strongly about this that we're willing to do a little bit, you>k, but we feel so strongly about this that we're willing to do a little bit, you
> know, worse than everybody else because our issues are so important.> know, worse than everybody else because our issues are so important.
n123I don't know if the administration sees that, but I don't know if anybody sees tn134I mean, I think, I don't know if the administration sees that, but I don't know 
>hat.>if anybody sees that.
124I know that I could be a nice student, but I choose to better be a human being f135But I mean, you know, I know that I could be a nice student, you know, but, you 
>irst, first and to care more about my people than about my grades.>know, I choose to better be like, to be a human being first and to care more abo
 >ut my people than about my grades.
125I was going to ask you, related to the incident that happened on Sunday at the F136I was going to ask you, related to the incident that happened on Sunday at the F
>lix, the film, notaries of shows, how do you feel or what steps can the universi>lix, at the film, Notaries of Sholom, how do you feel, or what steps can the uni
>ty take to educate the student community, even staff and faculty, about the issu>versity take to educate the student community, even staff and faculty, about the
>e of ongoing racism, the issue why it's important to have abandoned graves on th> issue of ongoing racism, the issue of why it's important to have abandoned grav
>is campus.>es on this campus.
126How do you think the university can take a proactive role in educating the commu137How do you think the university can take a proactive role in educating the commu
>nity?>nity?
127I think if they really truly believe that that isn't right, that the incident at138I think if they really truly believe that that isn't right, that the incident at
> Flix isn't right, or that people should know and should understand that the pes> Flix isn't right, or that people should know and should understand that the pes
>ticides and the harm that they're doing to people is wrong, then they should tak>ticides and the harm that they're doing to people is wrong, then they should tak
>e it upon themselves to educate this university.>e it upon themselves to educate this university.
128If they really feel responsible for the education of their students, if they rea139If they really feel responsible for the education of their students, if they rea
>lly, if they believe that that is an important issue, that people's lives and pe>lly, if they believe that that is an important issue, that people's lives and pe
>ople's health and the reaction of some or a lot of students finding that amusing>ople's health and the reaction of some or a lot of students finding that amusing
>, there's something wrong with that.>, there's something wrong with that.
n129There's something wrong with the mentality or with the ignorance level or somethn140that there's something wrong with the mentality or with the ignorance level or s
>ing of the students at this university.>omething of the students at this university.
130And they are responsible because they're the administrators, they're in charge o141And they are responsible because they're the administrators, they're in charge o
>f this school.>f this school.
131They're here to serve the students, but they're also here to help educate them.142They're here to serve the students, but they're also here to help educate them.
132And there's, I mean, to me that proved just a lot of ignorance.143And there's, I mean, to me that proved just a lot of ignorance.
133It didn't surprise me, but it was very offensive and it was very disrespectful.144It didn't surprise me, but it was very offensive and it was very disrespectful.
134And if they really, if they agree with that at all, then it's their responsibili145And if they really, if they agree with that at all, then it's their responsibili
>ty to deal with it.>ty to deal with it.
n135I mean, the main things that we're, you know, just to bring up what we're strikin146I mean the main things that were, you know, just to bring up what we're striking
>ng striking about.> about, we have these issues that we have been dealing with as a community for a
 > long time.
136We have these issues that we have been dealing with as a community for a long ti
>me. 
137One of them being a campus ban on grapes, the development of a Chicano Studies p147And you know, one of them being a campus ban on grapes, the development of a Chi
>rogram, and the community center in Hispalo Alto.>cano studies program and the community center in Hispano Alto.
138These are things that we can talk about specifically and offered for Cecilia Bul148And you know, these are things that we can talk about specifically.
>ciaga. 
149And the offer for Cecilia Bulciaga.
139And the offer for a high-level position for Cecilia Bulciaga, a high -level admi150And the offer for a high level position for Cecilia Bulciaga, a high level admin
>nistrator here.>istrator here.
151Chicama administrator.
140Why is it important for the university to recognize Cecilia's contributions?152Why is it important for the university to recognize recognize Cecilia's contribu
 >tions.
141Why is Cecilia's position in Cecilia's role included among these other three?153Why Cecilia's position, Cecilia's role included among these other three?
142Well basically because it ties down to the whole approach that we're taking that154Well, basically because it ties down to the whole approach that we're taking tha
> our education isn't addressing the real issues.>t our education isn't addressing the real issues.
143You know the issues being poverty, the joblessness, and you know the over repres155You know, the issues being poverty, the joblessness, homelessness, and the over-
>entation we have in the jails and just everything.>representation we have in the jails, and just everything.
144anything.
145And she ties into that because Cecilia has always worked for those issues.156And she ties into that because Cecilia has always worked for those issues.
146She was working on the Boycott Grapes campaign.157She was working on the Boycott Grapes campaign.
n147And when she gets here, you get here, she's like a role model.n158And when she gets here, I mean, when she's here, you get here.
159I mean, she's like a role model.
160A role model.
161What is this?
162A role mother.
148Oh, man, I'm getting tired.163Oh, man, I'm getting tired.
n149Oh, no, you're good.n164Oh, no.
150Yeah, what we're talking about, she's a role model and a role mother.165Yeah, what we're talking about, she's a role model and a role mother.
151Mother figure.166Mother figure.
152Mother figure.167Mother figure.
153That's it.168That's it.
nn169No, I guess basically because she helps in just keeping us here.
154No, I guess basically because she helps in just keeping us here because it's har170Because it's hard to survive in a campus like this when you have people, like, S
>d to survive in a campus like this when you have people like Sunday nights at Fl>unday nights at Flick saying, Beaners, go home, or, you know, saying stuff like 
>ick saying, beaners go home or, you know, saying stuff like that here at Stanfor>that here at Stanford.
>d. 
155I mean, how are we supposed to survive in a climate that doesn't even accept us,171I mean, how are we supposed to survive in a climate that doesn't even accept us,
> that you have to justify your existence?> that you have to justify your existence?
n156And you need people like Cecilia Bustiaga and like Francis that just help you oun172And you need people like Cecilia Burciaga and like Francis that just help you ou
>t just to make, like, especially the transition from, like, your first year.>t just to make, like, especially the transition from, like, your first year.
157I mean, that's what helped me so much living in Zapata my very first year is, Be173I mean, that's what helped me so much living in Zapata my very first year is, yo
>cause I survived the whole year because I was living there, I think.>u know, I survived the whole year because I was living there, I think.
158She helped out a lot with my parents and just everything.174Because, I mean, she helped out a lot, like, with my parents and just everything
 >.
159They're always caring for you.175I mean, I think, like, they're always caring for you.
160She's an important contact for us.176She's an important contact for us.
n161There's so few of us here.n177I mean, there's so few of us here.
162And then there's so few of our Chicano and Chicana role models here that we can 178And then there's so few of our, you know, Chicano and Chicana role models here t
>talk to and say, hey, this happened to me today.>hat we can, you know, talk to and say, you know, hey, you know, this happened to
 > me today.
163Or, you know, I really, it's really strange for me to be here and not be back ho179Or, you know, I really, it's really strange for me to be here and not be back ho
>me where I see a lot of people who look like myself, you know.>me where I see a lot of people who look like myself, you know.
164And these are people that you can talk to.180And these are people that you can talk to.
nn181too.
165Like Cecilia, you know, she's, she's, I mean, I find it incredible she always ha182Like Cecilia, you know, she's, she's, I mean, I find it incredible, she always h
>s time to hear us out.>as time to hear us out.
166Always.183Always.
n167Yeah, when, when I was a freshman, like I have a really nice story about her than184Yeah, when, um, when I was a freshman, like, I have a really nice story about he
>t, when when I, well I didn't, for some dumb chance, I didn't get to live in Zap>r, that, um, when I, well, I didn't, for some dumb chance, I didn't get to live 
>ata my freshman year.>in Zapata my freshman year.
168And so, so like I had a lot of problems like just trying to adapt and trying to,185And so, so, like, I had a lot of problems, like, just trying to adapt and and tr
> trying to decide like what I was going to do with my life.>ying to decide what I was going to do with my life.
169And I had this whole big problem about deciding whether to be a doctor and secur186And I had this whole big problem about deciding whether to be a doctor and secur
>e a good financial future for myself and for my family or do what I really wante>e a good financial future for myself and for my family or do what I really wante
>d to do, which was to be a teacher.>d to do, which was to be a teacher.
n170And my, my freshman advisor recommended that I go to her because he had heard son187And my freshman advisor recommended that I go to her because he had heard so man
> many nice things about her that he thought she could help me.>y nice things about her that he thought she could help me.
171And I remember going into her office and just like crying my guts out because I 188And I remember going into her office and just, like, crying my guts out because 
>didn't know what, I didn't know where I fit into this university.>I didn't know where I fit into this university.
172And she talked, she had time, like she sat with me in her office and talked to m189And she had time.
>e and encouraged me to do what I felt was right, you know, to let my heart decid 
>e And, I mean, for the university not to recognize that she is capable of keepin 
>g me here because I was ready to leave. 
190She sat with me in her office and talked to me and encouraged me to do what I fe
 >lt was right, to let my heart decide.
191And, I mean, for the university not to recognize that she is capable of keeping 
 >me here because I was ready to leave.
192leave.
173And she literally helped me to stay.193And she literally helped me to stay.
174And if it wasn't for her, I mean, I wouldn't be here.194And if it wasn't for her, I mean, I wouldn't be here.
n175All of you are members of METCHA, Movimiento Estudante de Chicano.n195All of you are members of MECHA, Movimiento Estudiantil Chicanos.
176That's long history.196That's long history.
177What is the significance of this new phase?197What is the significance of this new phase?
178And I'm referring specifically to the various events that started at UCLA, UC Sa198And I'm referring specifically to the various events that started at UCLA, UC Sa
>nta Barbara, Colorado, University of Colorado, and Michigan State.>nta Barbara, Colorado, University of Colorado, and Michigan State.
n179Virginia, too.n199Virginia too.
180Virginia, too.200Virginia too.
181Can you talk about this in the context of the overall resurgence of MECHA and Ch201Can you talk about this in the context of the overall resurgence of Mecha and Ch
>icano student activism?>icano student activism?
182I think as Mecha is the Chicano student movement and there's a long history of a202I think as Mecha is the Chicano student movement, and there's a long history of 
>ctivism there, leading back to the original plan of Plan de Santa Aurora.>activism there, dating back to the original planet and I think that each of us h
 >as maintained that goal of the betterment of La Raza.
183And I think that each of us has maintained that goal of the betterment of la raz
>a. 
184Our Mecha is very strong and we support with those founding Mechistas, came up w203And our Mecha is very strong and we support with those founding Mechistas came u
>ith in terms of the plan of Santa Barbara.>p with in terms of the Plan de Santa Barbara.
185It's gaining, it's in UCLA and UC Santa Barbara and other universities, Mecha me204and it's gaining its and UCLA and UC Santa Barbara and other universities Mecha 
>mbers and and other organizations are taking the leadership and moving the unive>members and other organizations are taking the leadership and moving the univers
>rsities to meet the demands.>ities to meet the demands the thing is playing instrumental role They got misquo
 >ted?
186The thing is playing instruments to roll.205They're going to print tomorrow.
187They got misquoted?
188Are they in support?206Are they in support?
189Yeah.207Yeah.
nn208We're rolling.
190So what happened?209So what happened?
nn210They're going to print tomorrow.
191That sucks man.211That sucks, man.
192I feel bad for lying about it.212I feel bad for mine.
193Oh yeah, sorry.213Oh yeah.
194Sorry.214Sorry.
n195I was going to ask you, I know earlier I talked to your dad, and I talked to youn215Sorry.
>r mom, and I know from them that it's been really hard for them. 
216I was going to ask you, I know earlier I talked to your dad and I talked to your
 > mom.
217I know from them that it's been really hard for them.
196I mean, they haven't been eating as well.218I mean, they haven't been eating as well.
197They're also, in a way, also in the hunger strike.219They're also, in a way, also in the hunger strike.
t198How do you feel about your parents' role in this?t220How do you feel?
199How are you going to explain it to your parents once it's over and you haven't r
>eally explained it yet? 
200Well, I told my biggest worry in terms of deciding to take part in the fast was 
>how my mom was going to take it. 
201Because I thought she was going to, you know, she's an asthmatic and I thought s
>he was going to get sick because any time she stresses out she has really bad at 
>tacks and stuff. 
202I just knew I was going to worry her and I was going to hurt her and that was th
>e thing that scared me the most. 
203But I talked to her about it and I kind of eased her into it.
204But I started telling her first about the plan to stay out of the quarter and st
>uff like that. 
205And she was like, well, she told me before I even mentioned to her that I was go
>ing to fast. 
206She said, well, Mija, when you are leading, when you are a leader and you want t
>o take part in changing things when they're bad, sometimes you have to make sacr 
>ifices. 
207She said, and you know, whatever happens, you guys, you know, you have my prayer
>s and you have my support. 
208And so then when I told her, she was like, oh, and I guess she maybe understood 
>or was getting, you know, thought that I was going to get to that because I told 
> her and she She was like, well, she said, I'm not going to tell you to do it, a 
>nd I'm not going to tell you not to do it, because I don't want to feel responsi 
>ble for you doing it, and I don't want to feel responsible for you feeling bad b 
>ecause maybe it didn't succeed or because you really didn't want to do what you  
>wanted to. 
209She said, but I'm really scared.
210But she said that she had faith in God, and as long as I had faith in God, that 
>everything was going to be okay. 
211And so for me, it was very empowering, because the minute I got off the phone, I
> decided, I decided, I really felt strongly about it already and I decided that  
>this was something I was going to do. 
212And even though I was going to cause her a lot of pain, that I was going to get 
>through it and she was going to get through it. 
213And I'm pretty sure that she hasn't been eating either.
214And I haven't been able to speak with her since that last time I talked to her.
215But like she told me, she said, you know, she said for herself that she's alread
>y past her youth and she doesn't know that she can do that much anymore. 
216And she said, it's our turn.
217And so here we are, we're trying to make changes because I don't want to, I real
>ly don't want my little brother to have to do something like this. 
218And I have a younger sister who's here also and I don't want her to have to, you
> know, continue this. 
219I mean, she probably won't have to just because that's the way things are around
> here. 
220But, you know, if I can help out in some way so that, you know, the kids that co
>me here later don't have to be going through this, then that would be awesome. 
221So, yeah.
222I guess that was the hardest thing for me as well.
223I knew when we thought of the idea, I knew that I wanted to do it.
224I wanted to be part of the hunger strike.
225I just knew that I could do it and I was going to have the willpower to go throu
>gh with it. 
226it, but the only thing was my mom.
227I didn't know how to tell her.
228I didn't know what to tell her.
229I was scared because I know that the way my mom is, she worries and she doesn't 
>sleep at night and she can't eat. 
230It's just bad.
231I hate it.
232I don't like doing that to her because she still works and she's getting older a
>nd everything. 
233I don't know.
234It's just something I felt so deep from my heart.
235I just thought, you know, so many people are are going to gain a lot from this.
236So many people are going to have a lot of things come out of this, especially wi
>th the Ispa Lo Alto Community Center and with the boycott on the graves. 
237It's just immediate help for people that are dying and being born with birth def
>ects. 
238So when I told her, she was telling me she didn't want me to do it.
239She was telling me I'm anemic, that I was anemic.
240Then my dad told me I had a low red blood cell count.
241They were just coming up with all these things that I had that I shouldn't be do
>ing it because I was so skinny and I was going to disappear and this and that. 
242So then, oh, sorry.
243So then after, oh, when I told her, I mean, it was really hard.
244She was crying and everything.
245And then I called her after the first day of the hunger strike, like, and she co
>uldn't talk to me because she didn't want to cry on the phone. 
246So that just made me, I was just crying.
247I was talking to my sister and my sister was, you know, I was telling her, tell 
>my mom that I'm not hungry. 
248Tell her that I'm feeling good, the issues are keeping me alive and they're goin
>g to keep me alive and I'm going to be okay. 
249So, but she's going to come today because she's worried and she wants to see me.
250Well, the hardest part of this whole thing was just to tell my mom and dad that 
>I was going to do this because we've all said we don't want to make them suffer. 
251But I told her and she said, okay, well if you guys are still out there after th
>ree days then I'm going to come out. 
252out.
253And then right like a few minutes before I left I was talking to her, y me estab
>a dando la bendicion. 
254Do I have to translate that?
255Oh, okay.
256And then, um, and then, um, so, you know, she was crying and I could tell and sh
>e was giving me the bendicion. 
257And so she was like, you know what, I'm going to be out there tomorrow and stuff
>. 
258And, you know, my mom and dad got some money together and then so my mom could f
>ly out here and and stuff. 
259And so she came out last night and I mean I think it was better for her to come 
>because she was upset when she saw me and she was crying and stuff but she's bee 
>n really good and everybody's been really supportive of her and she's been, I th 
>ink it makes her feel good to feel useful to this thing. 
260She feels a part of this strike and she feels a part of the movement and I think
> that she is because we're fighting for her and for for everybody. 
261She slept out there with us last night.
262She's hardcore.
263For me, that was definitely the hardest part.
264After I did it, I wished that I didn't have to, but I know that if I hadn't, it 
>would have been worse for her if she had found out some other way. 
265I'm just really worried about her because she has heart problems.
266I was afraid that if she saw me on the news or something, you know, , you know, 
>we'd end up everything with yours. 
267But, you know, she's fine and she already told me that she supports me.
268And even though it's the hardest thing, you know, for her, like, she knows.
269So I told her that it was her who taught me how to fight and maybe that, hopeful
>ly that made her feel a little bit better but maybe, hopefully, I don't know. 
270I don't know exactly how she is.
271Last time I talked to her she sounded very weak and my dad called me like the ne
>xt morning, the morning after I told my mom and he tried his hardest to convince 
> me not to do it. 
272He told me all kinds of things.
273And he told me, why do you want to go through another hunger after you've suffer
>ed so many hungers in your life? 
274And just reminding me of all the things that I've had to go through just to get 
>where I am and trying to tell me, well, don't do it. 
275But I still did it, and he's here right now, and he came and told me.
276He's still trying to convince me to stop because he goes, he says, you know, you
>r mom's going to come up here tomorrow, and if you're still on the strike, she's 
> going to strike with you. 
277I think generally my parents have the same feelings as all the others do, but it
>'s a little bit easier for them to handle because tonight's going to be my last  
>day fasting. 
278So that's basically it.
279Last word, Yvonne?
280Well, okay.
281You said it's for historical purposes, right?
282So when, you know, 20 years from now when other Chicanos look at this, you know,
> we... 
283And Chicanas.
284And Chicanas.
285Sorry, I'm tired.
286You know, when other gente see this, just to remember that, you know, even when 
>you're looking at this now, 20 years later, the movement is still alive in you. 
287And we still have to keep struggling because, you know...
288Well, hopefully we can stop.
289Hopefully we can stop some of it, but I mean if it's still it's still bad, you k
>now now You know we can do it. 
290Yeah, and don't take advantage of what You know what you have I guess like like 
>for us is very important to say Oh, we have we have a sento and there's a lot of 
> people that work hard for it Settle for what you don't settle for you have and  
>don't forget us pretty much Don't forget the people who fought before you all th 
>e things like the people that fought before us and before us and before them and 
> just remember we're doing this for you for the future. 
291For the youth! My name is Sh...
292Oh, okay.
293The new message is this...
294It is currently about 7.30 on the 6th of May, Friday, 1994.
295We have just collected, witnessed the five testimonials from five of the hunger 
>strikers, which have included at one point over 100 solidarity strikers. 
296At this time, we've received the latest response from the Administration, which 
>has been recalcitrant up to this point. 
297and I understand that there's still many points that need to be go need to be re
>viewed and some more dialogue that needs to be that needs to take place but at t 
>he moment it looks as though statement that that we have made as a community the 
> Chicano community and the statement that comes from various communities through 
>out the Bay Area and the nation and solidarity with us has has begun to open the 
> administration's eyes to the justness of our cause and our demands. 
298However, as I said, there still is some work to be done.
299For the moment, it seems as though our first demand, that is the offering of a h
>igh-level position to Associate Dean Cecilia Bursiaga, is still not being met. 
300And as I said, this is our first demand and it's very important to us.
301So more negotiation has to go on with regards to that.
302The second demand involves the establishment of a community center in East Palo 
>Alto to serve the community that literally works to preserve the functioning of  
>this university. 
303And as far as the administration is concerned, they are receptive to the initiat
>ive that the Chicano students, the Chicano and Chicana students have presented i 
>n terms of bridging the gap between the community and the academy. 
304This has been a very important component to the struggle here.
305As a matter of fact, this is a component that isn't new.
306It goes all the way back to the Plan de Santa Barbara, which inaugurated Mecha.
307So we are very hopeful that some breakthrough will come through here.
308As regards to the Chicano and Chicana studies, again, this is the justness and t
>he feasibility of this demand has led the administration to also give overtures  
>that are encouraging. 
309Finally, the issue of grapes on campus has, and specifically the negative reacti
>ons, the racist reactions to our efforts to educate the community at Stanford ha 
>s, and our protest, our protest against those negative reactions has led the uni 
>versity to embark upon an initiative to educate all the dorms through the showin 
>g of the no grapes video and also through establishing a dialogue with our commu 
>nity, the Chicano community, in an effort to bridge the gaps that have been caus 
>ed, bridge the divisions that have been caused by the racism that's very often a 
> result of an academy which is very hierarchical and one which is institutionall 
>y and structurally hostile to the presence of minorities and other marginalized  
>people. 
310With this, I would just like to say, Que viva la raza y adelante.
311We're going to win this one.
312Thank you.
313Thank you.
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+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qw237kb3383_a_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qw237kb3383_a_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1da5e78 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qw237kb3383_a_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1097 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:15.700 --> 00:19.440 +That is Roscoe. Here is the news read by + +00:19.440 --> 00:22.600 +Sergei Horny. Thanks for the headline. In + +00:22.600 --> 00:24.620 +Geneva, the Italian delegate has supported + +00:24.620 --> 00:27.060 +the Soviet proposal on the Laos question. + +00:27.060 --> 00:31.440 +In Van Zandt, Laos, the population held an + +00:31.440 --> 00:34.900 +anti-American demonstration. Once again + +00:34.900 --> 00:37.700 +racial outbursts are about to flare up in + +00:37.700 --> 00:41.480 +Montgomery, Alabama. Cuba will strive to + +00:41.480 --> 00:44.260 +win back Guantanamo Bay peacefully. April + +00:44.260 --> 00:47.640 +Castro. Nikita Khrushchev met Prime + +00:47.640 --> 00:50.820 +Minister Ali Sadmak of Somalia in Moscow + +00:50.820 --> 00:53.480 +today. The Somali leader has come to the + +00:53.480 --> 00:56.820 +USSR on an official spokesperson. Those + +00:56.820 --> 00:58.680 +are the headlines. They're now part of the + +00:58.680 --> 01:01.420 +session. At the international conference + +01:01.420 --> 01:04.200 +for a Laotian settlement, the Chinese + +01:04.200 --> 01:06.820 +foreign minister Chen Yin announced the + +01:06.820 --> 01:08.620 +Laotian people's striving for independence + +01:08.620 --> 01:10.760 +and insanity proclaimed by the + +01:10.760 --> 01:12.320 +representatives of the royal government + +01:12.320 --> 01:16.420 +and the Patek Laos. The Chinese minister + +01:16.420 --> 01:20.080 +also upheld the Soviet proposal. At the + +01:20.080 --> 01:22.340 +same time, he turned down the American + +01:22.340 --> 01:24.700 +proposals as being incompatible with the + +01:24.700 --> 01:29.160 +Canadian of 1954, and favor T.D.A. as + +01:29.160 --> 01:30.960 +placing Laos under an international + +01:30.960 --> 01:35.540 +condominium. Chen Xi emphasized that in no + +01:35.540 --> 01:37.700 +case could interference in Laos' domestic + +01:37.700 --> 01:41.040 +affairs be tolerated. The Chinese foreign + +01:41.040 --> 01:43.000 +minister also affirmed the international + +01:43.000 --> 01:45.440 +organs proposed by the Americans to + +01:45.440 --> 01:48.240 +control the foreign aid received by Laos + +01:48.240 --> 01:50.500 +as being incompatible with Laos' + +01:50.540 --> 01:54.040 +sovereignty. You are bound to say that + +01:54.040 --> 01:56.420 +peace and security could not be ensured in + +01:56.420 --> 01:59.100 +Asia until the United States stopped its + +01:59.100 --> 02:00.580 +policy of interference and aggression + +02:00.580 --> 02:03.540 +against the countries of Asia. The threat + +02:03.540 --> 02:05.260 +to the peace and security in Southeast + +02:05.260 --> 02:08.300 +Asia, including Laos, stems from the + +02:08.300 --> 02:09.960 +policy of aggression and interference + +02:09.960 --> 02:12.660 +pursued by the United States and the CETA + +02:12.660 --> 02:16.260 +war bloc. Cheney expressed the point that + +02:16.260 --> 02:18.560 +peace and security in Southeast Asia could + +02:18.560 --> 02:21.160 +only be guaranteed when the United States + +02:21.160 --> 02:23.940 +stops its aggression and its efforts, and + +02:23.940 --> 02:26.180 +when a peace area is formed in Southeast + +02:26.180 --> 02:29.080 +Asia in place of the CTO military bloc. + +02:29.960 --> 02:32.300 +The Chinese delegate further pointed out + +02:32.300 --> 02:34.480 +that the two proposals put forward by the + +02:34.480 --> 02:37.300 +Soviet Union for a Laotian settlement stem + +02:37.300 --> 02:39.100 +from principles as we've expressed for + +02:39.100 --> 02:41.560 +years as independence and sovereignty, and + +02:41.560 --> 02:43.360 +dovetail with the Geneva agreements of + +02:43.360 --> 02:48.040 +1954. The Chinese delegation believes that + +02:48.040 --> 02:50.460 +the Soviet report should serve as a basis + +02:50.460 --> 02:53.060 +for discussion with the government and as + +02:53.060 --> 02:56.400 +a basis for agreement. Chen added that + +02:56.400 --> 02:58.780 +other delegations had also made proposals + +02:58.780 --> 03:02.460 +for a Lao-Chi settlement. We are prepared, + +03:02.700 --> 03:04.700 +he said, in the course of discussion and + +03:04.700 --> 03:07.240 +consultations, to thoroughly study and + +03:07.240 --> 03:09.660 +consider all that is constructed in these + +03:09.660 --> 03:12.680 +proposals. The next to speak was the + +03:12.680 --> 03:15.100 +Foreign Minister of Thailand, Thanat + +03:15.100 --> 03:17.900 +Ketne. In violation of the agreement + +03:17.900 --> 03:20.600 +reached on who is to represent laws at the + +03:20.600 --> 03:22.560 +conference, he proposed that + +03:22.560 --> 03:24.460 +representatives of all Russian political + +03:24.460 --> 03:26.480 +parties be included in the number of + +03:26.480 --> 03:29.720 +negotiators. The chairman, Georgi Pushkin, + +03:29.820 --> 03:33.020 +of the USSR, explained the situation to + +03:33.020 --> 03:35.300 +the Thailand representative. The former + +03:35.300 --> 03:37.760 +Thailand foreign minister had been linked + +03:37.760 --> 03:40.540 +to the opening of the conference and was + +03:40.540 --> 03:42.540 +unaware that these points had been cleared + +03:42.540 --> 03:44.960 +up prior to the opening of the talks. + +03:46.120 --> 03:48.600 +Georgi Puskin further announced that at + +03:48.600 --> 03:50.420 +the request of a number of delegations, + +03:50.440 --> 03:53.180 +the conference would adjourn for two to + +03:53.180 --> 03:55.800 +three days to enable the delegates to + +03:55.800 --> 03:58.500 +examine the proposals and perhaps prepare + +03:58.500 --> 04:01.240 +their own. The next meeting will be called + +04:01.240 --> 04:06.020 +no later than on Monday, he said. In Vang + +04:06.020 --> 04:08.300 +Vieng, Laos, meanwhile, the population + +04:08.300 --> 04:11.060 +held a meeting and demonstration in + +04:11.060 --> 04:13.500 +protest against American imperialism by + +04:13.500 --> 04:16.080 +the Samarnakheti, who are trying to + +04:16.080 --> 04:18.420 +torpedo the conference in Geneva and the + +04:18.420 --> 04:21.380 +park in Namon. The head of the royal + +04:21.380 --> 04:23.660 +government's delegation at the Namon Park + +04:23.660 --> 04:26.440 +described a policy of genuine peace and + +04:26.440 --> 04:28.600 +neutrality to the end of the political + +04:28.600 --> 04:31.500 +program of the oil government. The head of + +04:31.500 --> 04:34.120 +the Pataslao delegation at the talk urged + +04:34.120 --> 04:36.620 +all Laotians to rally around the + +04:36.620 --> 04:38.520 +legitimate government headed by Prince + +04:38.520 --> 04:40.920 +Sivanapuma, who to support his political + +04:40.920 --> 04:43.720 +program had to work energetically for a + +04:43.720 --> 04:48.900 +generally peaceful and neutral world. The + +04:48.900 --> 04:51.020 +Democratic Republic of Vietnam is being + +04:51.020 --> 04:53.020 +swept by a wave of protest demonstrations + +04:53.460 --> 04:55.160 +against the aggressor actions of the + +04:55.160 --> 04:58.220 +United States and South Vietnam. Dozens of + +04:58.220 --> 05:00.100 +petitions from public organizations and + +05:00.100 --> 05:02.520 +political parties demanding a stop to + +05:02.520 --> 05:04.180 +American aggressive action on behalf of + +05:04.180 --> 05:06.720 +Vietnam have been sent to the co-chairs of + +05:06.720 --> 05:08.500 +the Geneva Conference and to the + +05:08.500 --> 05:10.120 +International Inspection and Control + +05:10.120 --> 05:14.220 +Commission in Vietnam. American factors, + +05:14.460 --> 05:16.880 +members of the Lincoln-Rockwell Nazi + +05:16.880 --> 05:19.400 +Organization, have arrived in Montgomery, + +05:19.700 --> 05:22.520 +Alabama to help the local Ku Klux Klan + +05:22.520 --> 05:25.740 +members. The Brown Theater's Sponsor + +05:25.740 --> 05:28.780 +Command Enforcement has declared that they + +05:28.780 --> 05:31.000 +will wipe out the participants of the + +05:31.000 --> 05:35.780 +Freedom Line. Judging from all this, blood + +05:35.780 --> 05:38.140 +will be spilled in Montgomery once again. + +05:40.700 --> 05:43.220 +Martin Sleety King, leader of the Fox + +05:43.220 --> 05:45.380 +News, a community progress of the colored + +05:45.380 --> 05:47.400 +people, told a press conference in + +05:47.400 --> 05:49.560 +Montgomery West today that the opponents + +05:49.560 --> 05:52.040 +of racial discrimination were before to + +05:52.040 --> 05:55.200 +continue the Freedom Riders. The New Gray + +05:55.200 --> 05:57.080 +leaders said that despite all the racial + +05:57.080 --> 05:59.320 +lawlessness, threats, and brute force + +05:59.320 --> 06:01.600 +confronting the Freedom Riders, they would + +06:01.600 --> 06:04.560 +not stop what they had spoken. Mr. King + +06:04.560 --> 06:06.880 +said that another eight racial segregation + +06:06.880 --> 06:09.420 +opponents had arrived in Montgomery from + +06:09.420 --> 06:12.000 +Nashville, Tennessee, to join the Freedom + +06:12.000 --> 06:16.340 +Riders. The American press, as well as the + +06:16.340 --> 06:18.280 +world, said, has been extensively + +06:18.280 --> 06:20.080 +commenting the racial outbursts in + +06:20.080 --> 06:22.240 +Alabama. For example, the Washington Post + +06:22.240 --> 06:24.600 +and Times-Herald wrote that there was not + +06:24.600 --> 06:26.740 +a shadow of a doubt that the cruelty and + +06:26.740 --> 06:29.080 +beatings in Alabama were getting headline + +06:29.080 --> 06:31.960 +stories in many world papers. The + +06:31.960 --> 06:34.120 +Washington paper wrote that there was no + +06:34.120 --> 06:35.960 +way of estimating the damage done to + +06:35.960 --> 06:37.960 +America's prestige by the racial riots. + +06:38.920 --> 06:40.740 +The British Yorkshire Post spitefully + +06:40.740 --> 06:43.120 +commented that the racial slurs in America + +06:43.120 --> 06:45.060 +would hardly help the American president + +06:45.060 --> 06:47.100 +to convince the media media and + +06:47.100 --> 06:49.180 +underdeveloped countries that the United + +06:49.180 --> 06:51.760 +States was carrying a torch showing them + +06:51.760 --> 06:54.840 +the way to freedom and democracy. Cotão + +06:54.840 --> 06:57.520 +Osocava, a radio personal commentator, + +06:57.540 --> 06:59.440 +characteristically remarked that the New + +06:59.440 --> 07:01.800 +Hope question was a dirty spot in the + +07:01.800 --> 07:05.600 +history of the United States. Speaking at + +07:05.600 --> 07:08.340 +a meeting in Santiago, Cuba, Defense + +07:08.340 --> 07:11.320 +Minister Raul Castro declared that the + +07:11.320 --> 07:14.440 +American naval base of Guantanamo was a + +07:14.440 --> 07:16.720 +constant hotbed of provocation against + +07:16.720 --> 07:21.540 +Cuba. American planes, says Al Costo, have + +07:21.540 --> 07:24.500 +recently violated Cuban airspace 259 + +07:24.500 --> 07:27.880 +times. They made provocative flights over + +07:27.880 --> 07:30.600 +Cuban territory and photographed it. In + +07:30.600 --> 07:32.840 +conclusion, the Cuban minister said that + +07:32.840 --> 07:34.800 +the Republic of Cuba would spare no effort + +07:34.800 --> 07:36.980 +to liquidating that American base in Cuba + +07:36.980 --> 07:41.700 +through peaceful raids. In New York, our + +07:41.700 --> 07:43.540 +Radio Moscow correspondent sent us the + +07:43.540 --> 07:45.900 +following dispatch. The failure of the + +07:45.900 --> 07:48.400 +Cuban invasion has intensified the clash + +07:48.400 --> 07:50.420 +between individual groups of the Cuban + +07:50.420 --> 07:51.860 +counter-revolutionaries in the United + +07:51.860 --> 07:55.080 +States. For example, the Emanuela Reyes + +07:55.080 --> 07:57.900 +group asked for it from the so-called + +07:57.900 --> 08:00.680 +Revolutionary Council Uniting Reactionary + +08:00.680 --> 08:03.260 +Emigrants. A person of that group said + +08:03.260 --> 08:05.000 +that with a blessing from the Central + +08:05.000 --> 08:07.880 +Intelligence Agency, the Revolutionary + +08:07.880 --> 08:10.140 +Council so called, was enlisting + +08:10.140 --> 08:13.040 +supporters of ex-dictator Batista for a + +08:13.040 --> 08:15.980 +new mercenary army without supporting the + +08:15.980 --> 08:18.860 +rare group. The New York Times reports + +08:18.860 --> 08:21.180 +that the rare group had received + +08:21.180 --> 08:23.760 +information from its agents in Cuba that + +08:23.760 --> 08:25.960 +underground activity there was almost + +08:25.960 --> 08:28.080 +impossible since there was not a single + +08:28.080 --> 08:28.460 +house + +08:31.200 --> 08:34.100 +The Afro-Asian delegation at the United + +08:34.100 --> 08:36.020 +Nations has come to the conclusion that + +08:36.020 --> 08:38.840 +the situation in Portuguese Angola could + +08:38.840 --> 08:41.720 +be discussed by the Security Council. The + +08:41.720 --> 08:43.860 +French news agency says that they may call + +08:43.860 --> 08:45.840 +for a meeting of the Security Council in + +08:45.840 --> 08:48.460 +the near future. The Prime Minister of + +08:48.460 --> 08:51.540 +Somalia, Abdirahid Ali Canemar, has + +08:51.540 --> 08:54.920 +arrived in Moscow on an official visit. He + +08:54.920 --> 08:56.700 +was led to the airfield by members of the + +08:56.700 --> 08:58.580 +civil service headed by the chairman of + +08:58.580 --> 08:59.880 +the council of ministries Nikita + +08:59.880 --> 09:02.340 +Khrushchev and other officials. The + +09:02.340 --> 09:04.080 +diplomatic corps were also at the + +09:04.080 --> 09:06.180 +airfield. A big crowd thwarted the + +09:06.180 --> 09:08.620 +statement made by the two prime ministers. + +09:10.200 --> 09:12.480 +Nikita Khrushchev said that the civil + +09:12.480 --> 09:14.220 +service people follow in great sympathy + +09:14.220 --> 09:16.460 +the efforts made by the Somali and other + +09:16.460 --> 09:18.500 +peoples of Africa who have rid themselves + +09:18.500 --> 09:21.080 +of the fetters of of colonialism and who + +09:21.080 --> 09:23.260 +are now trying to liquidate the burdensome + +09:23.260 --> 09:25.500 +heritage of the past and to further + +09:25.500 --> 09:28.820 +strengthen their national independence. We + +09:28.820 --> 09:30.840 +wish them all success in this, added + +09:30.840 --> 09:33.480 +Nikita Pujan. He also noted the + +09:33.480 --> 09:36.100 +satisfaction of wonderful views of the + +09:36.100 --> 09:38.580 +Somali and Soviet governments on a number + +09:38.580 --> 09:41.360 +of major international issues that came to + +09:41.360 --> 09:43.860 +light during the recent negotiations and + +09:43.860 --> 09:46.020 +from the exchanges of opinions between the + +09:46.020 --> 09:48.600 +Soviet goodwill missions and the Somali + +09:48.600 --> 09:51.220 +government. We are satisfied, he went on, + +09:51.360 --> 09:53.300 +that friendly relations have been + +09:53.300 --> 09:55.420 +established and are successfully + +09:55.420 --> 09:58.020 +developing between the Soviet Union and + +09:58.020 --> 10:00.600 +the Somali Republic, relations founded on + +10:00.600 --> 10:02.960 +principles of mutual respect and non + +10:02.960 --> 10:04.360 +-interference in the best of the terms. + +10:05.280 --> 10:08.000 +Nikita Khrushchev stressed the point that + +10:08.000 --> 10:10.160 +there are broad possibilities for a + +10:10.160 --> 10:12.060 +further spiritual development of serious + +10:12.060 --> 10:14.540 +Somali relations. For successful economic + +10:14.540 --> 10:17.200 +cooperation between the two countries and + +10:17.200 --> 10:18.980 +a putting of a critical and mutual + +10:18.980 --> 10:23.600 +benefit. Speaking in reply, Abdi Dacid Ali + +10:23.600 --> 10:26.220 +Shatambar expressed gratitude for the + +10:26.220 --> 10:28.060 +cause of the revolution. The powerful + +10:28.060 --> 10:30.140 +arrival of a goodwill mission from Somali + +10:30.140 --> 10:32.540 +is an important stage in the Republic's + +10:32.540 --> 10:35.140 +historical development. It not only shows + +10:35.140 --> 10:37.220 +the independence of our country, he added, + +10:37.360 --> 10:40.500 +but the independence of its policy. We + +10:40.500 --> 10:42.580 +hope that relations and cooperation will + +10:42.580 --> 10:44.700 +continue to develop in the future, said + +10:44.700 --> 10:47.340 +Somali Prime Minister El-Bassar. And + +10:47.340 --> 10:49.260 +that's the end of the news broadcast to + +10:49.260 --> 10:49.940 +you from Radio Moscow. + +10:55.340 --> 10:59.300 +Our commentary is now over. Here is what + +10:59.300 --> 11:03.300 +he writes. American newspapers have long + +11:03.300 --> 11:05.520 +been discussing the question of a meeting + +11:05.520 --> 11:07.500 +between President Kennedy and Premier + +11:07.500 --> 11:11.060 +Fouchal. All the while, the reaction has + +11:11.060 --> 11:12.980 +been favorable to the news that a meeting + +11:12.980 --> 11:15.680 +will take place. But some influential + +11:15.680 --> 11:18.700 +circles in America, circles that think in + +11:18.700 --> 11:21.000 +terms of a Cold War, have strong + +11:21.000 --> 11:25.040 +dissatisfaction. At first, Wolfpacker + +11:25.040 --> 11:27.760 +urged the President to highlight the idea + +11:27.760 --> 11:30.560 +altogether. together. Conquered by Kelly + +11:30.560 --> 11:33.920 +and Senator Kate Hart were two of the men + +11:33.920 --> 11:37.140 +who had gestured most previously. Then, + +11:37.140 --> 11:38.740 +after the announcement that the President + +11:38.740 --> 11:41.000 +and Mr. Khrushchev would be meeting in + +11:41.000 --> 11:44.180 +Vienna early in June, these circles began + +11:44.180 --> 11:46.780 +offering Mr. Kennedy advice on how to + +11:46.780 --> 11:50.500 +conduct himself. The history journals for + +11:50.500 --> 11:53.240 +one enjoined him to warn Premier + +11:53.240 --> 11:55.700 +Khrushchev not to negotiate the point. + +11:56.940 --> 11:59.580 +America, according to the Marchants of Big + +11:59.580 --> 12:01.580 +Business, should show the private union + +12:01.580 --> 12:06.360 +that it was strong and firm. Good advice + +12:06.360 --> 12:08.540 +is certainly surprising, to say the least. + +12:09.440 --> 12:11.740 +These councillors as much as urged + +12:11.740 --> 12:14.700 +President Kennedy to try to dictate to the + +12:14.700 --> 12:16.520 +private union some positions of strength, + +12:16.780 --> 12:19.680 +even their HEPA policy has been completely + +12:19.680 --> 12:22.100 +discredited itself, especially over the + +12:22.100 --> 12:24.200 +years of an Eisenhower-Dulles + +12:24.200 --> 12:27.940 +administration. More than once, this + +12:27.940 --> 12:29.900 +polity has brought the world to the brink + +12:29.900 --> 12:33.220 +of war. Remember the provocations against + +12:33.220 --> 12:35.980 +Syria, Iraq and troops landings in + +12:35.980 --> 12:37.920 +Lebanon, which were postponed by the + +12:37.920 --> 12:41.400 +Republic of Iraq, the gangster Utah flight + +12:41.400 --> 12:44.260 +deep into Soviet airspace, and the + +12:44.260 --> 12:47.940 +invasion of Cuba. In that one case, did + +12:47.940 --> 12:50.040 +the United States achieve its purpose by + +12:50.040 --> 12:53.520 +force? But the policies did cause it a lot + +12:53.520 --> 12:56.380 +of unpleasantness. The steam and oil + +12:56.380 --> 13:01.060 +cities set a new low. Last year, during + +13:01.060 --> 13:03.120 +the election campaign, leaders of the + +13:03.120 --> 13:05.500 +Democratic Party slayed the Republican + +13:05.500 --> 13:08.600 +administration for this policy. There was + +13:08.600 --> 13:11.260 +good cause for their criticism, and the + +13:11.260 --> 13:13.940 +attempts made since then to follow in the + +13:13.940 --> 13:16.540 +footsteps of the Eisenhower government in + +13:16.540 --> 13:18.700 +respect to China. And that, for example, + +13:18.820 --> 13:21.420 +has made it more than clear that any + +13:21.420 --> 13:24.280 +continuation of such a policy has an + +13:24.280 --> 13:26.800 +irreparable damage to America's proposed + +13:26.800 --> 13:29.160 +earnest positions in other countries. + +13:30.460 --> 13:33.320 +Neither has a situation the Trump policy + +13:33.320 --> 13:36.020 +benefited the United States, especially in + +13:36.020 --> 13:37.560 +its relations with the Soviet Union. + +13:44.880 --> 13:47.920 +The Soviet Union has always said that a + +13:47.920 --> 13:49.940 +position to change policy toward a + +13:49.940 --> 13:52.900 +socialist country is sure to fail. It + +13:52.900 --> 13:56.300 +always has and always will. The only + +13:56.300 --> 13:59.340 +realistic policy is peace of coexistence, + +13:59.460 --> 14:01.720 +a broad point of the dispute between the + +14:01.720 --> 14:04.020 +Soviet the Syrian early United States on a + +14:04.020 --> 14:09.140 +basis of equality and mutual respect. The + +14:09.140 --> 14:11.340 +late Franklin Bernhardt said, maintain, + +14:11.800 --> 14:14.080 +that good relations with the Soviet Union + +14:14.080 --> 14:16.640 +are the foundation on which more peaceful + +14:16.640 --> 14:19.560 +peace could be strengthened. Referring to + +14:19.560 --> 14:21.440 +the cooperation of the two countries + +14:21.440 --> 14:24.100 +during World War II, Mr. Roosevelt + +14:24.100 --> 14:26.820 +declared there would be no table peace + +14:26.820 --> 14:30.480 +unless these relations were preserved and + +14:30.480 --> 14:33.960 +built up in peace time. The arbitrary + +14:33.960 --> 14:36.380 +purpose that had united the two nations + +14:36.380 --> 14:38.980 +and the constitution of the war, he said, + +14:39.160 --> 14:42.160 +should be pre-transformed into close and + +14:42.160 --> 14:45.040 +lasting cooperation along with other like + +14:45.040 --> 14:47.540 +-minded countries in gaining a fair and + +14:47.540 --> 14:51.220 +lasting peace. If the spirit of Franklin + +14:51.220 --> 14:54.520 +Delano of policy is present at the Vienna + +14:54.520 --> 14:58.060 +meeting. We may expect some progress. We + +14:58.060 --> 15:00.600 +may expect a vindication of people's hope. + +15:00.800 --> 15:03.560 +That personal contact between a head of + +15:03.560 --> 15:06.260 +state of the world's two mightiest powers + +15:06.260 --> 15:08.960 +will improve historic American relations + +15:08.960 --> 15:12.000 +and better the international situation as + +15:12.000 --> 15:15.320 +a whole. You've been listening to a + +15:15.320 --> 15:18.080 +commentary by Leonid Vavilov. It came to + +15:18.080 --> 15:18.780 +you from the studios + +15:26.860 --> 15:29.500 +The various nationalities inhabiting the + +15:29.500 --> 15:32.020 +Soviet Union are described in the talk you + +15:32.020 --> 15:36.600 +hear now. There are more than 200,000,000 + +15:36.600 --> 15:40.220 +,000 people living in the USSR. As for the + +15:40.220 --> 15:42.460 +Chinese People's Republic and immigrants, + +15:42.740 --> 15:45.340 +it has the 4 largest population in the + +15:45.340 --> 15:47.780 +world. The Soviet Union. As soon as the + +15:47.780 --> 15:49.940 +Constitutional Republic comprises the + +15:49.940 --> 15:53.620 +Soviet Union. Of the country's total + +15:53.620 --> 15:55.940 +population, Russians account for a little + +15:55.940 --> 16:00.720 +more than 114 million persons. Armenia 102 + +16:00.720 --> 16:04.080 +million, about 40 million are Ukrainians, + +16:04.180 --> 16:07.560 +some 8 million are Belarusians, and 6 + +16:07.560 --> 16:11.140 +million are U.S.A. Here we will have to + +16:11.140 --> 16:13.580 +start for a complaint matter. The + +16:13.580 --> 16:15.580 +difficulties of the years are which are + +16:15.580 --> 16:16.460 +the most important. take too much time. + +16:16.980 --> 16:19.720 +There are more than 100 different + +16:19.720 --> 16:22.000 +nationalities and peoples in our country. + +16:22.380 --> 16:25.520 +They are all different, both as to the way + +16:25.520 --> 16:27.460 +the people look and the native customs. + +16:28.340 --> 16:30.380 +Some of these peoples live in the foreign + +16:30.380 --> 16:33.360 +world. Others have never been found. + +16:45.580 --> 16:46.260 +I love you. + +17:25.360 --> 17:28.160 +Swa, swa. + +17:34.840 --> 17:37.600 +Ne, ne. + +17:47.120 --> 17:49.720 +devenir, devenir, + +17:58.220 --> 18:02.480 +avoir épuisé, avoir épuisé, + +18:09.140 --> 18:12.120 +davantage, davantage. + +18:14.520 --> 18:15.940 +Bien, messieurs, c'est tout pour aujourd + +18:15.940 --> 18:16.260 +'hui. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qw237kb3383_a_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qw237kb3383_a_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3b6f43a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qw237kb3383_a_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1097 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:15.700 --> 00:19.440 +That is Roscoe. Here is the news read by + +00:19.440 --> 00:22.600 +Sergei Horny. Thanks for the headline. In + +00:22.600 --> 00:24.620 +Geneva, the Italian delegate has supported + +00:24.620 --> 00:27.060 +the Soviet proposal on the Laos question. + +00:27.060 --> 00:31.440 +In Van Zandt, Laos, the population held an + +00:31.440 --> 00:34.900 +anti-American demonstration. Once again + +00:34.900 --> 00:37.700 +racial outbursts are about to flare up in + +00:37.700 --> 00:41.480 +Montgomery, Alabama. Cuba will strive to + +00:41.480 --> 00:44.260 +win back Guantanamo Bay peacefully. April + +00:44.260 --> 00:47.640 +Castro. Nikita Khrushchev met Prime + +00:47.640 --> 00:50.820 +Minister Ali Sadmak of Somalia in Moscow + +00:50.820 --> 00:53.480 +today. The Somali leader has come to the + +00:53.480 --> 00:56.820 +USSR on an official spokesperson. Those + +00:56.820 --> 00:58.680 +are the headlines. They're now part of the + +00:58.680 --> 01:01.420 +session. At the international conference + +01:01.420 --> 01:04.200 +for a Laotian settlement, the Chinese + +01:04.200 --> 01:06.820 +foreign minister Chen Yin announced the + +01:06.820 --> 01:08.620 +Laotian people's striving for independence + +01:08.620 --> 01:10.760 +and insanity proclaimed by the + +01:10.760 --> 01:12.320 +representatives of the royal government + +01:12.320 --> 01:16.420 +and the Patek Laos. The Chinese minister + +01:16.420 --> 01:20.080 +also upheld the Soviet proposal. At the + +01:20.080 --> 01:22.340 +same time, he turned down the American + +01:22.340 --> 01:24.700 +proposals as being incompatible with the + +01:24.700 --> 01:29.160 +Canadian of 1954, and favor T.D.A. as + +01:29.160 --> 01:30.960 +placing Laos under an international + +01:30.960 --> 01:35.540 +condominium. Chen Xi emphasized that in no + +01:35.540 --> 01:37.700 +case could interference in Laos' domestic + +01:37.700 --> 01:41.040 +affairs be tolerated. The Chinese foreign + +01:41.040 --> 01:43.000 +minister also affirmed the international + +01:43.000 --> 01:45.440 +organs proposed by the Americans to + +01:45.440 --> 01:48.240 +control the foreign aid received by Laos + +01:48.240 --> 01:50.500 +as being incompatible with Laos' + +01:50.540 --> 01:54.040 +sovereignty. You are bound to say that + +01:54.040 --> 01:56.420 +peace and security could not be ensured in + +01:56.420 --> 01:59.100 +Asia until the United States stopped its + +01:59.100 --> 02:00.580 +policy of interference and aggression + +02:00.580 --> 02:03.540 +against the countries of Asia. The threat + +02:03.540 --> 02:05.260 +to the peace and security in Southeast + +02:05.260 --> 02:08.300 +Asia, including Laos, stems from the + +02:08.300 --> 02:09.960 +policy of aggression and interference + +02:09.960 --> 02:12.660 +pursued by the United States and the CETA + +02:12.660 --> 02:16.260 +war bloc. Cheney expressed the point that + +02:16.260 --> 02:18.560 +peace and security in Southeast Asia could + +02:18.560 --> 02:21.160 +only be guaranteed when the United States + +02:21.160 --> 02:23.940 +stops its aggression and its efforts, and + +02:23.940 --> 02:26.180 +when a peace area is formed in Southeast + +02:26.180 --> 02:29.080 +Asia in place of the CTO military bloc. + +02:29.960 --> 02:32.300 +The Chinese delegate further pointed out + +02:32.300 --> 02:34.480 +that the two proposals put forward by the + +02:34.480 --> 02:37.300 +Soviet Union for a Laotian settlement stem + +02:37.300 --> 02:39.100 +from principles as we've expressed for + +02:39.100 --> 02:41.560 +years as independence and sovereignty, and + +02:41.560 --> 02:43.360 +dovetail with the Geneva agreements of + +02:43.360 --> 02:48.040 +1954. The Chinese delegation believes that + +02:48.040 --> 02:50.460 +the Soviet report should serve as a basis + +02:50.460 --> 02:53.060 +for discussion with the government and as + +02:53.060 --> 02:56.400 +a basis for agreement. Chen added that + +02:56.400 --> 02:58.780 +other delegations had also made proposals + +02:58.780 --> 03:02.460 +for a Lao-Chi settlement. We are prepared, + +03:02.700 --> 03:04.700 +he said, in the course of discussion and + +03:04.700 --> 03:07.240 +consultations, to thoroughly study and + +03:07.240 --> 03:09.660 +consider all that is constructed in these + +03:09.660 --> 03:12.680 +proposals. The next to speak was the + +03:12.680 --> 03:15.100 +Foreign Minister of Thailand, Thanat + +03:15.100 --> 03:17.900 +Ketne. In violation of the agreement + +03:17.900 --> 03:20.600 +reached on who is to represent laws at the + +03:20.600 --> 03:22.560 +conference, he proposed that + +03:22.560 --> 03:24.460 +representatives of all Russian political + +03:24.460 --> 03:26.480 +parties be included in the number of + +03:26.480 --> 03:29.720 +negotiators. The chairman, Georgi Pushkin, + +03:29.820 --> 03:33.020 +of the USSR, explained the situation to + +03:33.020 --> 03:35.300 +the Thailand representative. The former + +03:35.300 --> 03:37.760 +Thailand foreign minister had been linked + +03:37.760 --> 03:40.540 +to the opening of the conference and was + +03:40.540 --> 03:42.540 +unaware that these points had been cleared + +03:42.540 --> 03:44.960 +up prior to the opening of the talks. + +03:46.120 --> 03:48.600 +Georgi Puskin further announced that at + +03:48.600 --> 03:50.420 +the request of a number of delegations, + +03:50.440 --> 03:53.180 +the conference would adjourn for two to + +03:53.180 --> 03:55.800 +three days to enable the delegates to + +03:55.800 --> 03:58.500 +examine the proposals and perhaps prepare + +03:58.500 --> 04:01.240 +their own. The next meeting will be called + +04:01.240 --> 04:06.020 +no later than on Monday, he said. In Vang + +04:06.020 --> 04:08.300 +Vieng, Laos, meanwhile, the population + +04:08.300 --> 04:11.060 +held a meeting and demonstration in + +04:11.060 --> 04:13.500 +protest against American imperialism by + +04:13.500 --> 04:16.080 +the Samarnakheti, who are trying to + +04:16.080 --> 04:18.420 +torpedo the conference in Geneva and the + +04:18.420 --> 04:21.380 +park in Namon. The head of the royal + +04:21.380 --> 04:23.660 +government's delegation at the Namon Park + +04:23.660 --> 04:26.440 +described a policy of genuine peace and + +04:26.440 --> 04:28.600 +neutrality to the end of the political + +04:28.600 --> 04:31.500 +program of the oil government. The head of + +04:31.500 --> 04:34.120 +the Pataslao delegation at the talk urged + +04:34.120 --> 04:36.620 +all Laotians to rally around the + +04:36.620 --> 04:38.520 +legitimate government headed by Prince + +04:38.520 --> 04:40.920 +Sivanapuma, who to support his political + +04:40.920 --> 04:43.720 +program had to work energetically for a + +04:43.720 --> 04:48.900 +generally peaceful and neutral world. The + +04:48.900 --> 04:51.020 +Democratic Republic of Vietnam is being + +04:51.020 --> 04:53.020 +swept by a wave of protest demonstrations + +04:53.460 --> 04:55.160 +against the aggressor actions of the + +04:55.160 --> 04:58.220 +United States and South Vietnam. Dozens of + +04:58.220 --> 05:00.100 +petitions from public organizations and + +05:00.100 --> 05:02.520 +political parties demanding a stop to + +05:02.520 --> 05:04.180 +American aggressive action on behalf of + +05:04.180 --> 05:06.720 +Vietnam have been sent to the co-chairs of + +05:06.720 --> 05:08.500 +the Geneva Conference and to the + +05:08.500 --> 05:10.120 +International Inspection and Control + +05:10.120 --> 05:14.220 +Commission in Vietnam. American factors, + +05:14.460 --> 05:16.880 +members of the Lincoln-Rockwell Nazi + +05:16.880 --> 05:19.400 +Organization, have arrived in Montgomery, + +05:19.700 --> 05:22.520 +Alabama to help the local Ku Klux Klan + +05:22.520 --> 05:25.740 +members. The Brown Theater's Sponsor + +05:25.740 --> 05:28.780 +Command Enforcement has declared that they + +05:28.780 --> 05:31.000 +will wipe out the participants of the + +05:31.000 --> 05:35.780 +Freedom Line. Judging from all this, blood + +05:35.780 --> 05:38.140 +will be spilled in Montgomery once again. + +05:40.700 --> 05:43.220 +Martin Sleety King, leader of the Fox + +05:43.220 --> 05:45.380 +News, a community progress of the colored + +05:45.380 --> 05:47.400 +people, told a press conference in + +05:47.400 --> 05:49.560 +Montgomery West today that the opponents + +05:49.560 --> 05:52.040 +of racial discrimination were before to + +05:52.040 --> 05:55.200 +continue the Freedom Riders. The New Gray + +05:55.200 --> 05:57.080 +leaders said that despite all the racial + +05:57.080 --> 05:59.320 +lawlessness, threats, and brute force + +05:59.320 --> 06:01.600 +confronting the Freedom Riders, they would + +06:01.600 --> 06:04.560 +not stop what they had spoken. Mr. King + +06:04.560 --> 06:06.880 +said that another eight racial segregation + +06:06.880 --> 06:09.420 +opponents had arrived in Montgomery from + +06:09.420 --> 06:12.000 +Nashville, Tennessee, to join the Freedom + +06:12.000 --> 06:16.340 +Riders. The American press, as well as the + +06:16.340 --> 06:18.280 +world, said, has been extensively + +06:18.280 --> 06:20.080 +commenting the racial outbursts in + +06:20.080 --> 06:22.240 +Alabama. For example, the Washington Post + +06:22.240 --> 06:24.600 +and Times-Herald wrote that there was not + +06:24.600 --> 06:26.740 +a shadow of a doubt that the cruelty and + +06:26.740 --> 06:29.080 +beatings in Alabama were getting headline + +06:29.080 --> 06:31.960 +stories in many world papers. The + +06:31.960 --> 06:34.120 +Washington paper wrote that there was no + +06:34.120 --> 06:35.960 +way of estimating the damage done to + +06:35.960 --> 06:37.960 +America's prestige by the racial riots. + +06:38.920 --> 06:40.740 +The British Yorkshire Post spitefully + +06:40.740 --> 06:43.120 +commented that the racial slurs in America + +06:43.120 --> 06:45.060 +would hardly help the American president + +06:45.060 --> 06:47.100 +to convince the media media and + +06:47.100 --> 06:49.180 +underdeveloped countries that the United + +06:49.180 --> 06:51.760 +States was carrying a torch showing them + +06:51.760 --> 06:54.840 +the way to freedom and democracy. Cotão + +06:54.840 --> 06:57.520 +Osocava, a radio personal commentator, + +06:57.540 --> 06:59.440 +characteristically remarked that the New + +06:59.440 --> 07:01.800 +Hope question was a dirty spot in the + +07:01.800 --> 07:05.600 +history of the United States. Speaking at + +07:05.600 --> 07:08.340 +a meeting in Santiago, Cuba, Defense + +07:08.340 --> 07:11.320 +Minister Raul Castro declared that the + +07:11.320 --> 07:14.440 +American naval base of Guantanamo was a + +07:14.440 --> 07:16.720 +constant hotbed of provocation against + +07:16.720 --> 07:21.540 +Cuba. American planes, says Al Costo, have + +07:21.540 --> 07:24.500 +recently violated Cuban airspace 259 + +07:24.500 --> 07:27.880 +times. They made provocative flights over + +07:27.880 --> 07:30.600 +Cuban territory and photographed it. In + +07:30.600 --> 07:32.840 +conclusion, the Cuban minister said that + +07:32.840 --> 07:34.800 +the Republic of Cuba would spare no effort + +07:34.800 --> 07:36.980 +to liquidating that American base in Cuba + +07:36.980 --> 07:41.700 +through peaceful raids. In New York, our + +07:41.700 --> 07:43.540 +Radio Moscow correspondent sent us the + +07:43.540 --> 07:45.900 +following dispatch. The failure of the + +07:45.900 --> 07:48.400 +Cuban invasion has intensified the clash + +07:48.400 --> 07:50.420 +between individual groups of the Cuban + +07:50.420 --> 07:51.860 +counter-revolutionaries in the United + +07:51.860 --> 07:55.080 +States. For example, the Emanuela Reyes + +07:55.080 --> 07:57.900 +group asked for it from the so-called + +07:57.900 --> 08:00.680 +Revolutionary Council Uniting Reactionary + +08:00.680 --> 08:03.260 +Emigrants. A person of that group said + +08:03.260 --> 08:05.000 +that with a blessing from the Central + +08:05.000 --> 08:07.880 +Intelligence Agency, the Revolutionary + +08:07.880 --> 08:10.140 +Council so called, was enlisting + +08:10.140 --> 08:13.040 +supporters of ex-dictator Batista for a + +08:13.040 --> 08:15.980 +new mercenary army without supporting the + +08:15.980 --> 08:18.860 +rare group. The New York Times reports + +08:18.860 --> 08:21.180 +that the rare group had received + +08:21.180 --> 08:23.760 +information from its agents in Cuba that + +08:23.760 --> 08:25.960 +underground activity there was almost + +08:25.960 --> 08:28.080 +impossible since there was not a single + +08:28.080 --> 08:28.460 +house + +08:31.200 --> 08:34.100 +The Afro-Asian delegation at the United + +08:34.100 --> 08:36.020 +Nations has come to the conclusion that + +08:36.020 --> 08:38.840 +the situation in Portuguese Angola could + +08:38.840 --> 08:41.720 +be discussed by the Security Council. The + +08:41.720 --> 08:43.860 +French news agency says that they may call + +08:43.860 --> 08:45.840 +for a meeting of the Security Council in + +08:45.840 --> 08:48.460 +the near future. The Prime Minister of + +08:48.460 --> 08:51.540 +Somalia, Abdirahid Ali Canemar, has + +08:51.540 --> 08:54.920 +arrived in Moscow on an official visit. He + +08:54.920 --> 08:56.700 +was led to the airfield by members of the + +08:56.700 --> 08:58.580 +civil service headed by the chairman of + +08:58.580 --> 08:59.880 +the council of ministries Nikita + +08:59.880 --> 09:02.340 +Khrushchev and other officials. The + +09:02.340 --> 09:04.080 +diplomatic corps were also at the + +09:04.080 --> 09:06.180 +airfield. A big crowd thwarted the + +09:06.180 --> 09:08.620 +statement made by the two prime ministers. + +09:10.200 --> 09:12.480 +Nikita Khrushchev said that the civil + +09:12.480 --> 09:14.220 +service people follow in great sympathy + +09:14.220 --> 09:16.460 +the efforts made by the Somali and other + +09:16.460 --> 09:18.500 +peoples of Africa who have rid themselves + +09:18.500 --> 09:21.080 +of the fetters of of colonialism and who + +09:21.080 --> 09:23.260 +are now trying to liquidate the burdensome + +09:23.260 --> 09:25.500 +heritage of the past and to further + +09:25.500 --> 09:28.820 +strengthen their national independence. We + +09:28.820 --> 09:30.840 +wish them all success in this, added + +09:30.840 --> 09:33.480 +Nikita Pujan. He also noted the + +09:33.480 --> 09:36.100 +satisfaction of wonderful views of the + +09:36.100 --> 09:38.580 +Somali and Soviet governments on a number + +09:38.580 --> 09:41.360 +of major international issues that came to + +09:41.360 --> 09:43.860 +light during the recent negotiations and + +09:43.860 --> 09:46.020 +from the exchanges of opinions between the + +09:46.020 --> 09:48.600 +Soviet goodwill missions and the Somali + +09:48.600 --> 09:51.220 +government. We are satisfied, he went on, + +09:51.360 --> 09:53.300 +that friendly relations have been + +09:53.300 --> 09:55.420 +established and are successfully + +09:55.420 --> 09:58.020 +developing between the Soviet Union and + +09:58.020 --> 10:00.600 +the Somali Republic, relations founded on + +10:00.600 --> 10:02.960 +principles of mutual respect and non + +10:02.960 --> 10:04.360 +-interference in the best of the terms. + +10:05.280 --> 10:08.000 +Nikita Khrushchev stressed the point that + +10:08.000 --> 10:10.160 +there are broad possibilities for a + +10:10.160 --> 10:12.060 +further spiritual development of serious + +10:12.060 --> 10:14.540 +Somali relations. For successful economic + +10:14.540 --> 10:17.200 +cooperation between the two countries and + +10:17.200 --> 10:18.980 +a putting of a critical and mutual + +10:18.980 --> 10:23.600 +benefit. Speaking in reply, Abdi Dacid Ali + +10:23.600 --> 10:26.220 +Shatambar expressed gratitude for the + +10:26.220 --> 10:28.060 +cause of the revolution. The powerful + +10:28.060 --> 10:30.140 +arrival of a goodwill mission from Somali + +10:30.140 --> 10:32.540 +is an important stage in the Republic's + +10:32.540 --> 10:35.140 +historical development. It not only shows + +10:35.140 --> 10:37.220 +the independence of our country, he added, + +10:37.360 --> 10:40.500 +but the independence of its policy. We + +10:40.500 --> 10:42.580 +hope that relations and cooperation will + +10:42.580 --> 10:44.700 +continue to develop in the future, said + +10:44.700 --> 10:47.340 +Somali Prime Minister El-Bassar. And + +10:47.340 --> 10:49.260 +that's the end of the news broadcast to + +10:49.260 --> 10:49.940 +you from Radio Moscow. + +10:55.340 --> 10:59.300 +Our commentary is now over. Here is what + +10:59.300 --> 11:03.300 +he writes. American newspapers have long + +11:03.300 --> 11:05.520 +been discussing the question of a meeting + +11:05.520 --> 11:07.500 +between President Kennedy and Premier + +11:07.500 --> 11:11.060 +Fouchal. All the while, the reaction has + +11:11.060 --> 11:12.980 +been favorable to the news that a meeting + +11:12.980 --> 11:15.680 +will take place. But some influential + +11:15.680 --> 11:18.700 +circles in America, circles that think in + +11:18.700 --> 11:21.000 +terms of a Cold War, have strong + +11:21.000 --> 11:25.040 +dissatisfaction. At first, Wolfpacker + +11:25.040 --> 11:27.760 +urged the President to highlight the idea + +11:27.760 --> 11:30.560 +altogether. together. Conquered by Kelly + +11:30.560 --> 11:33.920 +and Senator Kate Hart were two of the men + +11:33.920 --> 11:37.140 +who had gestured most previously. Then, + +11:37.140 --> 11:38.740 +after the announcement that the President + +11:38.740 --> 11:41.000 +and Mr. Khrushchev would be meeting in + +11:41.000 --> 11:44.180 +Vienna early in June, these circles began + +11:44.180 --> 11:46.780 +offering Mr. Kennedy advice on how to + +11:46.780 --> 11:50.500 +conduct himself. The history journals for + +11:50.500 --> 11:53.240 +one enjoined him to warn Premier + +11:53.240 --> 11:55.700 +Khrushchev not to negotiate the point. + +11:56.940 --> 11:59.580 +America, according to the Marchants of Big + +11:59.580 --> 12:01.580 +Business, should show the private union + +12:01.580 --> 12:06.360 +that it was strong and firm. Good advice + +12:06.360 --> 12:08.540 +is certainly surprising, to say the least. + +12:09.440 --> 12:11.740 +These councillors as much as urged + +12:11.740 --> 12:14.700 +President Kennedy to try to dictate to the + +12:14.700 --> 12:16.520 +private union some positions of strength, + +12:16.780 --> 12:19.680 +even their HEPA policy has been completely + +12:19.680 --> 12:22.100 +discredited itself, especially over the + +12:22.100 --> 12:24.200 +years of an Eisenhower-Dulles + +12:24.200 --> 12:27.940 +administration. More than once, this + +12:27.940 --> 12:29.900 +polity has brought the world to the brink + +12:29.900 --> 12:33.220 +of war. Remember the provocations against + +12:33.220 --> 12:35.980 +Syria, Iraq and troops landings in + +12:35.980 --> 12:37.920 +Lebanon, which were postponed by the + +12:37.920 --> 12:41.400 +Republic of Iraq, the gangster Utah flight + +12:41.400 --> 12:44.260 +deep into Soviet airspace, and the + +12:44.260 --> 12:47.940 +invasion of Cuba. In that one case, did + +12:47.940 --> 12:50.040 +the United States achieve its purpose by + +12:50.040 --> 12:53.520 +force? But the policies did cause it a lot + +12:53.520 --> 12:56.380 +of unpleasantness. The steam and oil + +12:56.380 --> 13:01.060 +cities set a new low. Last year, during + +13:01.060 --> 13:03.120 +the election campaign, leaders of the + +13:03.120 --> 13:05.500 +Democratic Party slayed the Republican + +13:05.500 --> 13:08.600 +administration for this policy. There was + +13:08.600 --> 13:11.260 +good cause for their criticism, and the + +13:11.260 --> 13:13.940 +attempts made since then to follow in the + +13:13.940 --> 13:16.540 +footsteps of the Eisenhower government in + +13:16.540 --> 13:18.700 +respect to China. And that, for example, + +13:18.820 --> 13:21.420 +has made it more than clear that any + +13:21.420 --> 13:24.280 +continuation of such a policy has an + +13:24.280 --> 13:26.800 +irreparable damage to America's proposed + +13:26.800 --> 13:29.160 +earnest positions in other countries. + +13:30.460 --> 13:33.320 +Neither has a situation the Trump policy + +13:33.320 --> 13:36.020 +benefited the United States, especially in + +13:36.020 --> 13:37.560 +its relations with the Soviet Union. + +13:44.880 --> 13:47.920 +The Soviet Union has always said that a + +13:47.920 --> 13:49.940 +position to change policy toward a + +13:49.940 --> 13:52.900 +socialist country is sure to fail. It + +13:52.900 --> 13:56.300 +always has and always will. The only + +13:56.300 --> 13:59.340 +realistic policy is peace of coexistence, + +13:59.460 --> 14:01.720 +a broad point of the dispute between the + +14:01.720 --> 14:04.020 +Soviet the Syrian early United States on a + +14:04.020 --> 14:09.140 +basis of equality and mutual respect. The + +14:09.140 --> 14:11.340 +late Franklin Bernhardt said, maintain, + +14:11.800 --> 14:14.080 +that good relations with the Soviet Union + +14:14.080 --> 14:16.640 +are the foundation on which more peaceful + +14:16.640 --> 14:19.560 +peace could be strengthened. Referring to + +14:19.560 --> 14:21.440 +the cooperation of the two countries + +14:21.440 --> 14:24.100 +during World War II, Mr. Roosevelt + +14:24.100 --> 14:26.820 +declared there would be no table peace + +14:26.820 --> 14:30.480 +unless these relations were preserved and + +14:30.480 --> 14:33.960 +built up in peace time. The arbitrary + +14:33.960 --> 14:36.380 +purpose that had united the two nations + +14:36.380 --> 14:38.980 +and the constitution of the war, he said, + +14:39.160 --> 14:42.160 +should be pre-transformed into close and + +14:42.160 --> 14:45.040 +lasting cooperation along with other like + +14:45.040 --> 14:47.540 +-minded countries in gaining a fair and + +14:47.540 --> 14:51.220 +lasting peace. If the spirit of Franklin + +14:51.220 --> 14:54.520 +Delano of policy is present at the Vienna + +14:54.520 --> 14:58.060 +meeting. We may expect some progress. We + +14:58.060 --> 15:00.600 +may expect a vindication of people's hope. + +15:00.800 --> 15:03.560 +That personal contact between a head of + +15:03.560 --> 15:06.260 +state of the world's two mightiest powers + +15:06.260 --> 15:08.960 +will improve historic American relations + +15:08.960 --> 15:12.000 +and better the international situation as + +15:12.000 --> 15:15.320 +a whole. You've been listening to a + +15:15.320 --> 15:18.080 +commentary by Leonid Vavilov. It came to + +15:18.080 --> 15:18.780 +you from the studios + +15:26.860 --> 15:29.500 +The various nationalities inhabiting the + +15:29.500 --> 15:32.020 +Soviet Union are described in the talk you + +15:32.020 --> 15:36.600 +hear now. There are more than 200,000,000 + +15:36.600 --> 15:40.220 +,000 people living in the USSR. As for the + +15:40.220 --> 15:42.460 +Chinese People's Republic and immigrants, + +15:42.740 --> 15:45.340 +it has the 4 largest population in the + +15:45.340 --> 15:47.780 +world. The Soviet Union. As soon as the + +15:47.780 --> 15:49.940 +Constitutional Republic comprises the + +15:49.940 --> 15:53.620 +Soviet Union. Of the country's total + +15:53.620 --> 15:55.940 +population, Russians account for a little + +15:55.940 --> 16:00.720 +more than 114 million persons. Armenia 102 + +16:00.720 --> 16:04.080 +million, about 40 million are Ukrainians, + +16:04.180 --> 16:07.560 +some 8 million are Belarusians, and 6 + +16:07.560 --> 16:11.140 +million are U.S.A. Here we will have to + +16:11.140 --> 16:13.580 +start for a complaint matter. The + +16:13.580 --> 16:15.580 +difficulties of the years are which are + +16:15.580 --> 16:16.460 +the most important. take too much time. + +16:16.980 --> 16:19.720 +There are more than 100 different + +16:19.720 --> 16:22.000 +nationalities and peoples in our country. + +16:22.380 --> 16:25.520 +They are all different, both as to the way + +16:25.520 --> 16:27.460 +the people look and the native customs. + +16:28.340 --> 16:30.380 +Some of these peoples live in the foreign + +16:30.380 --> 16:33.360 +world. Others have never been found. + +16:45.580 --> 16:46.260 +I love you. + +17:24.740 --> 17:26.340 +S'zo. + +17:29.560 --> 17:30.960 +Ne. + +17:47.120 --> 17:49.720 +devenir, devenir, + +17:58.220 --> 18:02.480 +avoir épuisé, avoir épuisé, + +18:09.140 --> 18:12.120 +davantage, davantage. + +18:14.520 --> 18:15.940 +Bien, messieurs, c'est tout pour aujourd + +18:15.940 --> 18:16.260 +'hui. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qw237kb3383_a_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qw237kb3383_a_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..baaff72 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qw237kb3383_a_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html @@ -0,0 +1,290 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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reference
transcript
f1That is Roscoe.f1That is Roscoe.
2Here is the news read by Sergei Horny.2Here is the news read by Sergei Horny.
3Thanks for the headline.3Thanks for the headline.
4In Geneva, the Italian delegate has supported the Soviet proposal on the Laos qu4In Geneva, the Italian delegate has supported the Soviet proposal on the Laos qu
>estion.>estion.
5In Van Zandt, Laos, the population held an anti-American demonstration.5In Van Zandt, Laos, the population held an anti-American demonstration.
6Once again racial outbursts are about to flare up in Montgomery, Alabama.6Once again racial outbursts are about to flare up in Montgomery, Alabama.
7Cuba will strive to win back Guantanamo Bay peacefully.7Cuba will strive to win back Guantanamo Bay peacefully.
8April Castro.8April Castro.
9Nikita Khrushchev met Prime Minister Ali Sadmak of Somalia in Moscow today.9Nikita Khrushchev met Prime Minister Ali Sadmak of Somalia in Moscow today.
10The Somali leader has come to the USSR on an official spokesperson.10The Somali leader has come to the USSR on an official spokesperson.
11Those are the headlines.11Those are the headlines.
12They're now part of the session.12They're now part of the session.
13At the international conference for a Laotian settlement, the Chinese foreign mi13At the international conference for a Laotian settlement, the Chinese foreign mi
>nister Chen Yin announced the Laotian people's striving for independence and ins>nister Chen Yin announced the Laotian people's striving for independence and ins
>anity proclaimed by the representatives of the royal government and the Patek La>anity proclaimed by the representatives of the royal government and the Patek La
>os.>os.
14The Chinese minister also upheld the Soviet proposal.14The Chinese minister also upheld the Soviet proposal.
15At the same time, he turned down the American proposals as being incompatible wi15At the same time, he turned down the American proposals as being incompatible wi
>th the Canadian of 1954, and favor T.D.A. as placing Laos under an international>th the Canadian of 1954, and favor T.D.A. as placing Laos under an international
> condominium.> condominium.
16Chen Xi emphasized that in no case could interference in Laos' domestic affairs 16Chen Xi emphasized that in no case could interference in Laos' domestic affairs 
>be tolerated.>be tolerated.
17The Chinese foreign minister also affirmed the international organs proposed by 17The Chinese foreign minister also affirmed the international organs proposed by 
>the Americans to control the foreign aid received by Laos as being incompatible >the Americans to control the foreign aid received by Laos as being incompatible 
>with Laos' sovereignty.>with Laos' sovereignty.
18You are bound to say that peace and security could not be ensured in Asia until 18You are bound to say that peace and security could not be ensured in Asia until 
>the United States stopped its policy of interference and aggression against the >the United States stopped its policy of interference and aggression against the 
>countries of Asia.>countries of Asia.
19The threat to the peace and security in Southeast Asia, including Laos, stems fr19The threat to the peace and security in Southeast Asia, including Laos, stems fr
>om the policy of aggression and interference pursued by the United States and th>om the policy of aggression and interference pursued by the United States and th
>e CETA war bloc.>e CETA war bloc.
20Cheney expressed the point that peace and security in Southeast Asia could only 20Cheney expressed the point that peace and security in Southeast Asia could only 
>be guaranteed when the United States stops its aggression and its efforts, and w>be guaranteed when the United States stops its aggression and its efforts, and w
>hen a peace area is formed in Southeast Asia in place of the CTO military bloc.>hen a peace area is formed in Southeast Asia in place of the CTO military bloc.
21The Chinese delegate further pointed out that the two proposals put forward by t21The Chinese delegate further pointed out that the two proposals put forward by t
>he Soviet Union for a Laotian settlement stem from principles as we've expressed>he Soviet Union for a Laotian settlement stem from principles as we've expressed
> for years as independence and sovereignty, and dovetail with the Geneva agreeme> for years as independence and sovereignty, and dovetail with the Geneva agreeme
>nts of 1954.>nts of 1954.
22The Chinese delegation believes that the Soviet report should serve as a basis f22The Chinese delegation believes that the Soviet report should serve as a basis f
>or discussion with the government and as a basis for agreement.>or discussion with the government and as a basis for agreement.
23Chen added that other delegations had also made proposals for a Lao-Chi settleme23Chen added that other delegations had also made proposals for a Lao-Chi settleme
>nt.>nt.
24We are prepared, he said, in the course of discussion and consultations, to thor24We are prepared, he said, in the course of discussion and consultations, to thor
>oughly study and consider all that is constructed in these proposals.>oughly study and consider all that is constructed in these proposals.
25The next to speak was the Foreign Minister of Thailand, Thanat Ketne.25The next to speak was the Foreign Minister of Thailand, Thanat Ketne.
26In violation of the agreement reached on who is to represent laws at the confere26In violation of the agreement reached on who is to represent laws at the confere
>nce, he proposed that representatives of all Russian political parties be includ>nce, he proposed that representatives of all Russian political parties be includ
>ed in the number of negotiators.>ed in the number of negotiators.
27The chairman, Georgi Pushkin, of the USSR, explained the situation to the Thaila27The chairman, Georgi Pushkin, of the USSR, explained the situation to the Thaila
>nd representative.>nd representative.
28The former Thailand foreign minister had been linked to the opening of the confe28The former Thailand foreign minister had been linked to the opening of the confe
>rence and was unaware that these points had been cleared up prior to the opening>rence and was unaware that these points had been cleared up prior to the opening
> of the talks.> of the talks.
29Georgi Puskin further announced that at the request of a number of delegations, 29Georgi Puskin further announced that at the request of a number of delegations, 
>the conference would adjourn for two to three days to enable the delegates to ex>the conference would adjourn for two to three days to enable the delegates to ex
>amine the proposals and perhaps prepare their own.>amine the proposals and perhaps prepare their own.
30The next meeting will be called no later than on Monday, he said.30The next meeting will be called no later than on Monday, he said.
31In Vang Vieng, Laos, meanwhile, the population held a meeting and demonstration 31In Vang Vieng, Laos, meanwhile, the population held a meeting and demonstration 
>in protest against American imperialism by the Samarnakheti, who are trying to t>in protest against American imperialism by the Samarnakheti, who are trying to t
>orpedo the conference in Geneva and the park in Namon.>orpedo the conference in Geneva and the park in Namon.
32The head of the royal government's delegation at the Namon Park described a poli32The head of the royal government's delegation at the Namon Park described a poli
>cy of genuine peace and neutrality to the end of the political program of the oi>cy of genuine peace and neutrality to the end of the political program of the oi
>l government.>l government.
33The head of the Pataslao delegation at the talk urged all Laotians to rally arou33The head of the Pataslao delegation at the talk urged all Laotians to rally arou
>nd the legitimate government headed by Prince Sivanapuma, who to support his pol>nd the legitimate government headed by Prince Sivanapuma, who to support his pol
>itical program had to work energetically for a generally peaceful and neutral wo>itical program had to work energetically for a generally peaceful and neutral wo
>rld.>rld.
34The Democratic Republic of Vietnam is being swept by a wave of protest demonstra34The Democratic Republic of Vietnam is being swept by a wave of protest demonstra
>tions against the aggressor actions of the United States and South Vietnam.>tions against the aggressor actions of the United States and South Vietnam.
35Dozens of petitions from public organizations and political parties demanding a 35Dozens of petitions from public organizations and political parties demanding a 
>stop to American aggressive action on behalf of Vietnam have been sent to the co>stop to American aggressive action on behalf of Vietnam have been sent to the co
>-chairs of the Geneva Conference and to the International Inspection and Control>-chairs of the Geneva Conference and to the International Inspection and Control
> Commission in Vietnam.> Commission in Vietnam.
36American factors, members of the Lincoln-Rockwell Nazi Organization, have arrive36American factors, members of the Lincoln-Rockwell Nazi Organization, have arrive
>d in Montgomery, Alabama to help the local Ku Klux Klan members.>d in Montgomery, Alabama to help the local Ku Klux Klan members.
37The Brown Theater's Sponsor Command Enforcement has declared that they will wipe37The Brown Theater's Sponsor Command Enforcement has declared that they will wipe
> out the participants of the Freedom Line.> out the participants of the Freedom Line.
38Judging from all this, blood will be spilled in Montgomery once again.38Judging from all this, blood will be spilled in Montgomery once again.
39Martin Sleety King, leader of the Fox News, a community progress of the colored 39Martin Sleety King, leader of the Fox News, a community progress of the colored 
>people, told a press conference in Montgomery West today that the opponents of r>people, told a press conference in Montgomery West today that the opponents of r
>acial discrimination were before to continue the Freedom Riders.>acial discrimination were before to continue the Freedom Riders.
40The New Gray leaders said that despite all the racial lawlessness, threats, and 40The New Gray leaders said that despite all the racial lawlessness, threats, and 
>brute force confronting the Freedom Riders, they would not stop what they had sp>brute force confronting the Freedom Riders, they would not stop what they had sp
>oken.>oken.
41Mr. King said that another eight racial segregation opponents had arrived in Mon41Mr. King said that another eight racial segregation opponents had arrived in Mon
>tgomery from Nashville, Tennessee, to join the Freedom Riders.>tgomery from Nashville, Tennessee, to join the Freedom Riders.
42The American press, as well as the world, said, has been extensively commenting 42The American press, as well as the world, said, has been extensively commenting 
>the racial outbursts in Alabama.>the racial outbursts in Alabama.
43For example, the Washington Post and Times-Herald wrote that there was not a sha43For example, the Washington Post and Times-Herald wrote that there was not a sha
>dow of a doubt that the cruelty and beatings in Alabama were getting headline st>dow of a doubt that the cruelty and beatings in Alabama were getting headline st
>ories in many world papers.>ories in many world papers.
44The Washington paper wrote that there was no way of estimating the damage done t44The Washington paper wrote that there was no way of estimating the damage done t
>o America's prestige by the racial riots.>o America's prestige by the racial riots.
45The British Yorkshire Post spitefully commented that the racial slurs in America45The British Yorkshire Post spitefully commented that the racial slurs in America
> would hardly help the American president to convince the media media and underd> would hardly help the American president to convince the media media and underd
>eveloped countries that the United States was carrying a torch showing them the >eveloped countries that the United States was carrying a torch showing them the 
>way to freedom and democracy.>way to freedom and democracy.
46Cotão Osocava, a radio personal commentator, characteristically remarked that th46Cotão Osocava, a radio personal commentator, characteristically remarked that th
>e New Hope question was a dirty spot in the history of the United States.>e New Hope question was a dirty spot in the history of the United States.
47Speaking at a meeting in Santiago, Cuba, Defense Minister Raul Castro declared t47Speaking at a meeting in Santiago, Cuba, Defense Minister Raul Castro declared t
>hat the American naval base of Guantanamo was a constant hotbed of provocation a>hat the American naval base of Guantanamo was a constant hotbed of provocation a
>gainst Cuba.>gainst Cuba.
48American planes, says Al Costo, have recently violated Cuban airspace 259 times.48American planes, says Al Costo, have recently violated Cuban airspace 259 times.
49They made provocative flights over Cuban territory and photographed it.49They made provocative flights over Cuban territory and photographed it.
50In conclusion, the Cuban minister said that the Republic of Cuba would spare no 50In conclusion, the Cuban minister said that the Republic of Cuba would spare no 
>effort to liquidating that American base in Cuba through peaceful raids.>effort to liquidating that American base in Cuba through peaceful raids.
51In New York, our Radio Moscow correspondent sent us the following dispatch.51In New York, our Radio Moscow correspondent sent us the following dispatch.
52The failure of the Cuban invasion has intensified the clash between individual g52The failure of the Cuban invasion has intensified the clash between individual g
>roups of the Cuban counter-revolutionaries in the United States.>roups of the Cuban counter-revolutionaries in the United States.
53For example, the Emanuela Reyes group asked for it from the so-called Revolution53For example, the Emanuela Reyes group asked for it from the so-called Revolution
>ary Council Uniting Reactionary Emigrants.>ary Council Uniting Reactionary Emigrants.
54A person of that group said that with a blessing from the Central Intelligence A54A person of that group said that with a blessing from the Central Intelligence A
>gency, the Revolutionary Council so called, was enlisting supporters of ex-dicta>gency, the Revolutionary Council so called, was enlisting supporters of ex-dicta
>tor Batista for a new mercenary army without supporting the rare group.>tor Batista for a new mercenary army without supporting the rare group.
55The New York Times reports that the rare group had received information from its55The New York Times reports that the rare group had received information from its
> agents in Cuba that underground activity there was almost impossible since ther> agents in Cuba that underground activity there was almost impossible since ther
>e was not a single house The Afro-Asian delegation at the United Nations has com>e was not a single house The Afro-Asian delegation at the United Nations has com
>e to the conclusion that the situation in Portuguese Angola could be discussed b>e to the conclusion that the situation in Portuguese Angola could be discussed b
>y the Security Council.>y the Security Council.
56The French news agency says that they may call for a meeting of the Security Cou56The French news agency says that they may call for a meeting of the Security Cou
>ncil in the near future.>ncil in the near future.
57The Prime Minister of Somalia, Abdirahid Ali Canemar, has arrived in Moscow on a57The Prime Minister of Somalia, Abdirahid Ali Canemar, has arrived in Moscow on a
>n official visit.>n official visit.
58He was led to the airfield by members of the civil service headed by the chairma58He was led to the airfield by members of the civil service headed by the chairma
>n of the council of ministries Nikita Khrushchev and other officials.>n of the council of ministries Nikita Khrushchev and other officials.
59The diplomatic corps were also at the airfield.59The diplomatic corps were also at the airfield.
60A big crowd thwarted the statement made by the two prime ministers.60A big crowd thwarted the statement made by the two prime ministers.
61Nikita Khrushchev said that the civil service people follow in great sympathy th61Nikita Khrushchev said that the civil service people follow in great sympathy th
>e efforts made by the Somali and other peoples of Africa who have rid themselves>e efforts made by the Somali and other peoples of Africa who have rid themselves
> of the fetters of of colonialism and who are now trying to liquidate the burden> of the fetters of of colonialism and who are now trying to liquidate the burden
>some heritage of the past and to further strengthen their national independence.>some heritage of the past and to further strengthen their national independence.
62We wish them all success in this, added Nikita Pujan.62We wish them all success in this, added Nikita Pujan.
63He also noted the satisfaction of wonderful views of the Somali and Soviet gover63He also noted the satisfaction of wonderful views of the Somali and Soviet gover
>nments on a number of major international issues that came to light during the r>nments on a number of major international issues that came to light during the r
>ecent negotiations and from the exchanges of opinions between the Soviet goodwil>ecent negotiations and from the exchanges of opinions between the Soviet goodwil
>l missions and the Somali government.>l missions and the Somali government.
64We are satisfied, he went on, that friendly relations have been established and 64We are satisfied, he went on, that friendly relations have been established and 
>are successfully developing between the Soviet Union and the Somali Republic, re>are successfully developing between the Soviet Union and the Somali Republic, re
>lations founded on principles of mutual respect and non -interference in the bes>lations founded on principles of mutual respect and non -interference in the bes
>t of the terms.>t of the terms.
65Nikita Khrushchev stressed the point that there are broad possibilities for a fu65Nikita Khrushchev stressed the point that there are broad possibilities for a fu
>rther spiritual development of serious Somali relations.>rther spiritual development of serious Somali relations.
66For successful economic cooperation between the two countries and a putting of a66For successful economic cooperation between the two countries and a putting of a
> critical and mutual benefit.> critical and mutual benefit.
67Speaking in reply, Abdi Dacid Ali Shatambar expressed gratitude for the cause of67Speaking in reply, Abdi Dacid Ali Shatambar expressed gratitude for the cause of
> the revolution.> the revolution.
68The powerful arrival of a goodwill mission from Somali is an important stage in 68The powerful arrival of a goodwill mission from Somali is an important stage in 
>the Republic's historical development.>the Republic's historical development.
69It not only shows the independence of our country, he added, but the independenc69It not only shows the independence of our country, he added, but the independenc
>e of its policy.>e of its policy.
70We hope that relations and cooperation will continue to develop in the future, s70We hope that relations and cooperation will continue to develop in the future, s
>aid Somali Prime Minister El-Bassar.>aid Somali Prime Minister El-Bassar.
71And that's the end of the news broadcast to you from Radio Moscow.71And that's the end of the news broadcast to you from Radio Moscow.
72Our commentary is now over.72Our commentary is now over.
73Here is what he writes.73Here is what he writes.
74American newspapers have long been discussing the question of a meeting between 74American newspapers have long been discussing the question of a meeting between 
>President Kennedy and Premier Fouchal.>President Kennedy and Premier Fouchal.
75All the while, the reaction has been favorable to the news that a meeting will t75All the while, the reaction has been favorable to the news that a meeting will t
>ake place.>ake place.
76But some influential circles in America, circles that think in terms of a Cold W76But some influential circles in America, circles that think in terms of a Cold W
>ar, have strong dissatisfaction.>ar, have strong dissatisfaction.
77At first, Wolfpacker urged the President to highlight the idea altogether.77At first, Wolfpacker urged the President to highlight the idea altogether.
78together.78together.
79Conquered by Kelly and Senator Kate Hart were two of the men who had gestured mo79Conquered by Kelly and Senator Kate Hart were two of the men who had gestured mo
>st previously.>st previously.
80Then, after the announcement that the President and Mr. Khrushchev would be meet80Then, after the announcement that the President and Mr. Khrushchev would be meet
>ing in Vienna early in June, these circles began offering Mr. Kennedy advice on >ing in Vienna early in June, these circles began offering Mr. Kennedy advice on 
>how to conduct himself.>how to conduct himself.
81The history journals for one enjoined him to warn Premier Khrushchev not to nego81The history journals for one enjoined him to warn Premier Khrushchev not to nego
>tiate the point.>tiate the point.
82America, according to the Marchants of Big Business, should show the private uni82America, according to the Marchants of Big Business, should show the private uni
>on that it was strong and firm.>on that it was strong and firm.
83Good advice is certainly surprising, to say the least.83Good advice is certainly surprising, to say the least.
84These councillors as much as urged President Kennedy to try to dictate to the pr84These councillors as much as urged President Kennedy to try to dictate to the pr
>ivate union some positions of strength, even their HEPA policy has been complete>ivate union some positions of strength, even their HEPA policy has been complete
>ly discredited itself, especially over the years of an Eisenhower-Dulles adminis>ly discredited itself, especially over the years of an Eisenhower-Dulles adminis
>tration.>tration.
85More than once, this polity has brought the world to the brink of war.85More than once, this polity has brought the world to the brink of war.
86Remember the provocations against Syria, Iraq and troops landings in Lebanon, wh86Remember the provocations against Syria, Iraq and troops landings in Lebanon, wh
>ich were postponed by the Republic of Iraq, the gangster Utah flight deep into S>ich were postponed by the Republic of Iraq, the gangster Utah flight deep into S
>oviet airspace, and the invasion of Cuba.>oviet airspace, and the invasion of Cuba.
87In that one case, did the United States achieve its purpose by force?87In that one case, did the United States achieve its purpose by force?
88But the policies did cause it a lot of unpleasantness.88But the policies did cause it a lot of unpleasantness.
89The steam and oil cities set a new low.89The steam and oil cities set a new low.
90Last year, during the election campaign, leaders of the Democratic Party slayed 90Last year, during the election campaign, leaders of the Democratic Party slayed 
>the Republican administration for this policy.>the Republican administration for this policy.
91There was good cause for their criticism, and the attempts made since then to fo91There was good cause for their criticism, and the attempts made since then to fo
>llow in the footsteps of the Eisenhower government in respect to China.>llow in the footsteps of the Eisenhower government in respect to China.
92And that, for example, has made it more than clear that any continuation of such92And that, for example, has made it more than clear that any continuation of such
> a policy has an irreparable damage to America's proposed earnest positions in o> a policy has an irreparable damage to America's proposed earnest positions in o
>ther countries.>ther countries.
93Neither has a situation the Trump policy benefited the United States, especially93Neither has a situation the Trump policy benefited the United States, especially
> in its relations with the Soviet Union.> in its relations with the Soviet Union.
94The Soviet Union has always said that a position to change policy toward a socia94The Soviet Union has always said that a position to change policy toward a socia
>list country is sure to fail.>list country is sure to fail.
95It always has and always will.95It always has and always will.
96The only realistic policy is peace of coexistence, a broad point of the dispute 96The only realistic policy is peace of coexistence, a broad point of the dispute 
>between the Soviet the Syrian early United States on a basis of equality and mut>between the Soviet the Syrian early United States on a basis of equality and mut
>ual respect.>ual respect.
97The late Franklin Bernhardt said, maintain, that good relations with the Soviet 97The late Franklin Bernhardt said, maintain, that good relations with the Soviet 
>Union are the foundation on which more peaceful peace could be strengthened.>Union are the foundation on which more peaceful peace could be strengthened.
98Referring to the cooperation of the two countries during World War II, Mr. Roose98Referring to the cooperation of the two countries during World War II, Mr. Roose
>velt declared there would be no table peace unless these relations were preserve>velt declared there would be no table peace unless these relations were preserve
>d and built up in peace time.>d and built up in peace time.
99The arbitrary purpose that had united the two nations and the constitution of th99The arbitrary purpose that had united the two nations and the constitution of th
>e war, he said, should be pre-transformed into close and lasting cooperation alo>e war, he said, should be pre-transformed into close and lasting cooperation alo
>ng with other like -minded countries in gaining a fair and lasting peace.>ng with other like -minded countries in gaining a fair and lasting peace.
100If the spirit of Franklin Delano of policy is present at the Vienna meeting.100If the spirit of Franklin Delano of policy is present at the Vienna meeting.
101We may expect some progress.101We may expect some progress.
102We may expect a vindication of people's hope.102We may expect a vindication of people's hope.
103That personal contact between a head of state of the world's two mightiest power103That personal contact between a head of state of the world's two mightiest power
>s will improve historic American relations and better the international situatio>s will improve historic American relations and better the international situatio
>n as a whole.>n as a whole.
104You've been listening to a commentary by Leonid Vavilov.104You've been listening to a commentary by Leonid Vavilov.
105It came to you from the studios The various nationalities inhabiting the Soviet 105It came to you from the studios The various nationalities inhabiting the Soviet 
>Union are described in the talk you hear now.>Union are described in the talk you hear now.
106There are more than 200,000,000 ,000 people living in the USSR.106There are more than 200,000,000 ,000 people living in the USSR.
107As for the Chinese People's Republic and immigrants, it has the 4 largest popula107As for the Chinese People's Republic and immigrants, it has the 4 largest popula
>tion in the world.>tion in the world.
108The Soviet Union.108The Soviet Union.
109As soon as the Constitutional Republic comprises the Soviet Union.109As soon as the Constitutional Republic comprises the Soviet Union.
110Of the country's total population, Russians account for a little more than 114 m110Of the country's total population, Russians account for a little more than 114 m
>illion persons.>illion persons.
111Armenia 102 million, about 40 million are Ukrainians, some 8 million are Belarus111Armenia 102 million, about 40 million are Ukrainians, some 8 million are Belarus
>ians, and 6 million are U.S.A. Here we will have to start for a complaint matter>ians, and 6 million are U.S.A. Here we will have to start for a complaint matter
>.>.
112The difficulties of the years are which are the most important.112The difficulties of the years are which are the most important.
113take too much time.113take too much time.
114There are more than 100 different nationalities and peoples in our country.114There are more than 100 different nationalities and peoples in our country.
115They are all different, both as to the way the people look and the native custom115They are all different, both as to the way the people look and the native custom
>s.>s.
116Some of these peoples live in the foreign world.116Some of these peoples live in the foreign world.
117Others have never been found.117Others have never been found.
118I love you.118I love you.
t1199.t119S'zo.
12010.120Ne. devenir, devenir, avoir épuisé, avoir épuisé, davantage, davantage.
121devenir devenir devenir avoir épuisé avoir épuisé davantage davantage bien messi121Bien, messieurs, c'est tout pour aujourd 'hui.
>eurs c'est tout pour aujourd'hui 
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+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qw237kb3383_b_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qw237kb3383_b_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d32d00 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qw237kb3383_b_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,713 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:04.980 +1.5 + +00:04.980 --> 00:11.940 +kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg + +00:11.940 --> 00:15.920 +kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg + +00:15.920 --> 00:18.260 +kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg + +00:18.260 --> 00:21.060 +kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg + +00:21.060 --> 00:28.000 +kvartal + +00:36.880 --> 00:38.480 +Bonjour, messieurs, ici Côte de France + +00:38.480 --> 00:41.700 +153. Tout d'abord, écoutez la sélection + +00:41.700 --> 00:43.540 +que je vais vous lire, et après, répondez + +00:43.540 --> 00:44.860 +aux questions que je vais vous poser. + +00:45.320 --> 00:46.700 +First of all, listen to the paragraph + +00:46.700 --> 00:49.140 +which I'm going to read you, then answer + +00:49.140 --> 00:51.220 +the questions which I will ask you. I will + +00:51.220 --> 00:53.740 +read each selection twice. It will be + +00:53.740 --> 00:57.900 +fairly short. Le soir où descendant pour + +00:57.900 --> 01:01.280 +dîner, je ne porterai pas mon coup, l'aqua + +01:01.280 --> 01:04.460 +d'améthyste que tu aimes, comprendras-tu + +01:04.460 --> 01:08.660 +que ce sera mon dernier soir? Mais sauras + +01:08.660 --> 01:11.760 +-tu partir, reprit-elle, sans larmes, sans + +01:11.760 --> 01:15.240 +soupirs, sans adieux? Je te quitterai ce + +01:15.240 --> 01:17.120 +dernier soir comme je l'aurais fait la + +01:17.120 --> 01:19.640 +veille. C'est simplement que tu te + +01:19.640 --> 01:22.600 +demanderas d'abord, n'aurait-il pas + +01:22.600 --> 01:25.600 +compris? « Mais quand tu me chercheras le + +01:25.600 --> 01:28.480 +lendemain matin, simplement, je ne serai + +01:28.480 --> 01:32.080 +plus là. » Je répète. « Le soir où + +01:32.080 --> 01:34.520 +descendant pour dîner, je ne porterai pas + +01:34.520 --> 01:36.420 +à mon cou la croix d'un métiste que tu + +01:36.420 --> 01:39.720 +aimes, comprendras-tu. » « Que ce sera mon + +01:39.720 --> 01:42.420 +dernier soir. » « Mais sauras-tu partir, + +01:42.720 --> 01:45.680 +reprit-elle, sans larmes, sans soupirs, + +01:45.820 --> 01:48.540 +sans adieux. » « Je te quitterai ce + +01:48.540 --> 01:50.220 +dernier soir comme je l'aurais fait la + +01:50.220 --> 01:52.440 +veille. » Si simplement que tu te + +01:52.440 --> 01:55.240 +demanderas d'abord, n'aurais-tu pas + +01:55.240 --> 01:58.340 +compris? Mais quand tu me chercheras le + +01:58.340 --> 02:01.220 +lendemain matin, simplement je ne serai + +02:01.220 --> 02:06.240 +plus là. Et bien les questions. Qu'est-ce + +02:06.240 --> 02:08.940 +qu'il va porter en descendant pour dîner? + +02:21.840 --> 02:24.000 +Deuxième question. Qu'est-ce que ça va + +02:24.000 --> 02:24.380 +indiquer? + +02:35.980 --> 02:38.120 +Comment est-ce qu'elle veut qu'il parte? + +02:38.580 --> 02:40.300 +Comment est-ce qu'elle veut qu'il parte? + +02:50.140 --> 02:52.480 +Est-ce qu'il va partir sans lui parler? + +03:03.260 --> 03:05.340 +Qu'est-ce qu'elle ne va pas trouver le + +03:05.340 --> 03:07.540 +lendemain matin? Qu'est-ce qu'elle ne va + +03:07.540 --> 03:09.160 +pas trouver le lendemain matin? + +03:17.760 --> 03:21.080 +Deuxième sélection. Le lendemain, je ne te + +03:21.080 --> 03:24.040 +chercherai plus. Elle me tendait la main, + +03:24.180 --> 03:27.300 +comme je la portais à mes lèvres, d'ici le + +03:27.300 --> 03:29.640 +soir fatal des gens corps, par une + +03:29.640 --> 03:31.880 +allusion qui ne me fasse rien pressentir. + +03:31.880 --> 03:35.520 +« Toi, fasse une allusion à la séparation + +03:35.520 --> 03:38.860 +qui suivra. » Il fallait à présent rompre + +03:38.860 --> 03:41.400 +la gêne que la solennité de se revoir + +03:41.400 --> 03:44.600 +risquait d'élever entre nous. Je voudrais + +03:44.600 --> 03:46.680 +tant, repris-je, que ces quelques jours + +03:46.680 --> 03:49.320 +près de toi nous paraissent pareils à d + +03:49.320 --> 03:51.780 +'autres jours. Je veux dire, ne pas + +03:51.780 --> 03:53.820 +sentir, tous deux, qu'ils sont + +03:53.820 --> 03:58.400 +exceptionnels. Et puis, si nous pouvions + +03:58.400 --> 04:00.380 +ne pas trop chercher à causer d'abord, + +04:00.380 --> 04:04.220 +Elle se mit à rire. J'ajoutais, « N'y a-t + +04:04.220 --> 04:05.680 +-il rien à quoi nous puissions nous + +04:05.680 --> 04:10.720 +occuper ensemble? » Je répète, « Le + +04:10.720 --> 04:13.440 +lendemain, je ne te chercherai plus. » + +04:30.380 --> 04:33.600 +risqué d'élever entre nous. Je voudrais + +04:33.600 --> 04:36.300 +tant, repris, que ces quelques jours près + +04:36.300 --> 04:38.080 +de toi nous paraissent pareils à d'autres + +04:38.080 --> 04:41.180 +jours. Je veux dire ne pas sentir, tous + +04:41.180 --> 04:44.100 +deux, qu'ils sont exceptionnels. Et puis, + +04:44.260 --> 04:47.100 +si nous pouvions ne pas trop chercher à + +04:47.100 --> 04:50.220 +causer d'abord. Elle se mit à rire. J + +04:50.220 --> 04:52.520 +'ajoutais, n'y a-t-il rien à quoi nous + +04:52.520 --> 04:53.920 +puissions nous occuper ensemble? + +04:55.520 --> 04:58.660 +Maintenant, les questions. Est-ce que je + +04:58.660 --> 05:00.980 +vais aller chercher le lendemain? Est-ce + +05:00.980 --> 05:02.420 +qu'elle va le chercher le lendemain? + +05:12.200 --> 05:14.700 +Qu'est-ce qu'elle lui t'en dit? Qu'est-ce + +05:14.700 --> 05:15.480 +qu'elle lui t'en dit? + +05:26.800 --> 05:30.200 +Qu'est-ce qu'il a porté à sa bouche? + +05:34.800 --> 05:38.620 +Des phrases longues et complètes. Complete + +05:38.620 --> 05:39.020 +sentences. + +05:43.960 --> 05:46.580 +Troisième question. Est-ce qu'on va parler + +05:46.580 --> 05:47.760 +encore de ce soir? + +06:00.120 --> 06:02.620 +Prochaine question. Pourquoi le soir + +06:02.620 --> 06:03.320 +fatal? + +06:15.940 --> 06:18.300 +Prochaine question. Pourquoi sont ces + +06:18.300 --> 06:19.860 +jours qu'ils vont passer ensemble + +06:19.860 --> 06:20.880 +exceptionnels? + +06:37.540 --> 06:41.700 +Prochaine question. Elle a ri. Pourquoi + +06:41.700 --> 06:44.460 +rit-elle? Pourquoi rit-elle? + +06:56.520 --> 06:59.000 +Prochaine question. Qu'est-ce qu'il lui + +06:59.000 --> 07:01.700 +demande à la fin? Qu'est-ce qu'il lui + +07:01.700 --> 07:02.940 +demande à la fin? + +07:11.300 --> 07:14.060 +Prochaine question. De tout temps, nous + +07:14.060 --> 07:16.800 +avions pris plaisir au jardinage. Un + +07:16.800 --> 07:19.000 +jardinier sans expérience remplaçait l + +07:19.000 --> 07:21.540 +'ancien depuis peu, et le jardin abandonné + +07:21.540 --> 07:23.880 +durant deux mois offrait beaucoup à faire. + +07:24.740 --> 07:27.560 +Des rosiers étaient mal taillés. Certains, + +07:27.560 --> 07:29.680 +à végétation puissante, restaient + +07:29.680 --> 07:32.300 +encombrés de bois morts. D'autres, + +07:32.480 --> 07:35.660 +grimpants, coulaient mal soutenus. Des + +07:35.660 --> 07:38.840 +gourmands en épuisent d'autres. La plupart + +07:38.840 --> 07:41.520 +avaient été greffés par nous. Nous + +07:41.520 --> 07:44.640 +reconnaissions nos élèves. Les soins qu + +07:44.640 --> 07:45.840 +'ils réclamaient nous occupèrent + +07:45.840 --> 07:47.280 +longuement et nous permurent les trois + +07:47.280 --> 07:49.500 +premiers jours de beaucoup parler sans + +07:49.500 --> 07:51.900 +rien dire de grave, et lorsque nous nous + +07:51.900 --> 07:54.020 +taisions d'un point à sentir peser le + +07:54.020 --> 07:57.600 +silence. De tout temps, nous avions pris + +07:57.600 --> 08:00.500 +plaisir au jardinage. Un jardinier sans + +08:00.500 --> 08:02.860 +expérience remplacé l'ancien depuis peu, + +08:02.960 --> 08:05.800 +et le jardin abandonné durant deux mois + +08:05.800 --> 08:08.420 +offrait beaucoup à faire. Les rosiers + +08:08.420 --> 08:11.040 +étaient mal taillés. Certaines végétations + +08:11.040 --> 08:13.020 +puissantes restaient encombrées de bois + +08:13.020 --> 08:16.060 +morts. D'autres, grimpant, coulaient, mal + +08:16.060 --> 08:18.800 +soutenus. Des gourmands en épuisent d + +08:18.800 --> 08:21.180 +'autres. La plupart avaient été greffés + +08:21.180 --> 08:23.940 +par nous. Nous reconnaissions nos élèves. + +08:24.300 --> 08:26.100 +Les soins qu'ils réclamaient nous + +08:26.100 --> 08:27.800 +occupèrent longuement et nous permirent + +08:27.800 --> 08:29.760 +les trois premiers jours de beaucoup + +08:29.760 --> 08:32.240 +parler sans rien dire de grave et lorsque + +08:32.240 --> 08:34.680 +nous nous taisions, d'un point sentir + +08:34.680 --> 08:38.160 +peser le silence. Maintenant les + +08:38.160 --> 08:40.000 +questions. Où est-ce qu'ils vont + +08:40.000 --> 08:41.700 +travailler? Où est-ce qu'ils vont + +08:41.700 --> 08:42.100 +travailler? + +08:54.240 --> 08:58.400 +Deuxième question. Pourquoi le jardin a-t + +08:58.400 --> 08:59.340 +-il besoin de travail? + +09:11.060 --> 09:13.920 +Troisième question. En quel état sont les + +09:13.920 --> 09:17.140 +rosiers? En quel état sont les rosiers? + +09:25.380 --> 09:28.320 +Troisième question. Pourquoi vont-ils + +09:28.320 --> 09:31.820 +travailler au jardin? Pourquoi vont-ils + +09:31.820 --> 09:33.160 +travailler au jardin? + +09:43.600 --> 09:46.640 +Prochaine question. De quoi parlent-ils + +09:46.640 --> 09:49.800 +les trois premiers jours? De quoi parlent + +09:49.800 --> 09:51.040 +-ils les trois premiers jours? + +10:00.460 --> 10:03.280 +Prochaine sélection. C'est ainsi que nous + +10:03.280 --> 10:05.580 +reprime l'habitude l'un l'autre. Je + +10:05.580 --> 10:07.680 +comptais sur cette accoutumance plus que + +10:07.680 --> 10:10.540 +sur n'importe quelle explication. Le + +10:10.540 --> 10:12.920 +souvenir même de notre séparation déjà s + +10:12.920 --> 10:16.240 +'effacé entre nous, et déjà diminué cette + +10:16.240 --> 10:19.160 +crainte que souvent je sentais en elle. + +10:19.160 --> 10:21.580 +Cette contraction de l'âme qu'elle + +10:21.580 --> 10:24.840 +craignait en moi Alissa, plus jeune qu'à + +10:24.840 --> 10:27.240 +ma triste visite d'automne, ne m'avait + +10:27.240 --> 10:29.960 +jamais paru plus jolie Je ne l'avais pas + +10:29.960 --> 10:33.000 +encore embrassée Chaque soir, je revoyais + +10:33.000 --> 10:35.980 +sur son corsage, retenu par une chaînette + +10:35.980 --> 10:39.100 +d'or, la petite croix d'un métiste brillé + +10:39.100 --> 10:41.980 +En confiance, l'espoir renaissait dans mon + +10:41.980 --> 10:45.540 +cœur Que dis-je, espoir? C'était déjà de l + +10:45.540 --> 10:48.320 +'assurance et que j'imaginais sentir + +10:48.320 --> 10:52.300 +également chez Alissa, car je doutais si + +10:52.300 --> 10:54.200 +peu de moi que je ne pouvais plus douter d + +10:54.200 --> 10:57.140 +'elle. Peu à peu, nos propos sont à dire. + +10:59.340 --> 11:02.180 +Je répète, c'est ainsi que nous reprimons + +11:02.180 --> 11:04.120 +l'habitude l'un de l'autre, et je comptais + +11:04.120 --> 11:05.800 +sur cette accoutumance plus que sur n + +11:05.800 --> 11:08.540 +'importe quelle explication. Le souvenir + +11:08.540 --> 11:10.920 +même de notre séparation déjà s'effacé + +11:10.920 --> 11:14.080 +entre nous, et déjà diminué cette crainte + +11:14.080 --> 11:16.920 +que souvent je sentais en elle, cette + +11:16.920 --> 11:18.900 +contraction de l'âme qu'elle craignait en + +11:18.900 --> 11:21.460 +moi. Alissa, plus jeune que ma triste + +11:21.460 --> 11:24.040 +visite automne, ne m'avait jamais paru + +11:24.040 --> 11:26.120 +plus jolie. Je n'avais pas encore + +11:26.120 --> 11:29.160 +embrassé. Chaque soir, je revoyais sur son + +11:29.160 --> 11:31.620 +coffrage, retenu par une chaînette d'or, + +11:31.860 --> 11:35.140 +la petite croix d'améthyste brillée. En + +11:35.140 --> 11:37.180 +confiance, l'espoir renaissait dans mon + +11:37.180 --> 11:40.320 +coeur. Que dis-je, espoir? C'était déjà l + +11:40.320 --> 11:42.140 +'assurance que j'imaginais sentir + +11:42.140 --> 11:45.560 +également chez Alissa, car je doutais si + +11:45.560 --> 11:48.440 +peu de moi que je ne pouvais plus douter d + +11:48.440 --> 11:52.440 +'elle. Peu à peu, nos propos sont à dire. + +11:52.740 --> 11:55.880 +Et maintenant, les questions. Qu'est-ce qu + +11:55.880 --> 11:58.340 +'ils reprennent les trois premiers jours? + +11:59.200 --> 12:01.380 +Que reprennent-ils les trois premiers + +12:01.380 --> 12:01.720 +jours? + +12:13.920 --> 12:17.140 +Deuxième question. Est-ce qu'il compte sur + +12:17.140 --> 12:20.980 +cet accoutumance? Compte-t-il sur cet + +12:20.980 --> 12:21.900 +accoutumance? + +12:34.220 --> 12:37.380 +Prochaine question. Se souvient-il + +12:37.380 --> 12:40.400 +beaucoup de leur séparation? + +12:58.120 --> 13:01.580 +Prochaine question. Que sent-il en elle? + +13:11.720 --> 13:14.840 +Prochaine question Qu'est-ce qu'elle + +13:14.840 --> 13:19.660 +craint en lui ? Que craint-elle en lui ? + +13:34.480 --> 13:38.060 +Prochaine question. Pourquoi Alissa paraît + +13:38.060 --> 13:41.580 +-elle plus jeune qu'à sa première visite d + +13:41.580 --> 13:42.040 +'automne? + +13:57.340 --> 14:00.180 +Prochaine question. L'a-t-il encore + +14:00.180 --> 14:01.080 +embrassé? + +14:12.880 --> 14:15.600 +Prochaine question. Qu'est-ce qu'il revoit + +14:15.600 --> 14:18.220 +tous les soirs? Que revoit-il tous les + +14:18.220 --> 14:18.540 +soirs? + +14:31.100 --> 14:35.100 +Prochaine question. Pourquoi reprend-il de + +14:35.100 --> 14:35.880 +l'espoir? + +14:40.700 --> 14:41.260 +Bien, + +14:48.480 --> 14:49.980 +messieurs, je vais vous donner des mots et + +14:49.980 --> 14:52.040 +des expressions en français. Vous allez + +14:52.040 --> 14:55.300 +employer ces mots et ces expressions dans + +14:55.300 --> 14:58.340 +des phrases longues et complètes. Now I'm + +14:58.340 --> 14:59.420 +going to give you some words and + +14:59.420 --> 15:01.420 +expressions. Use these words and + +15:01.420 --> 15:04.360 +expressions in complete sentences. + +15:08.020 --> 15:10.780 +Le soir où. Le soir où. + +15:22.080 --> 15:24.360 +Porterai. Porterai. + +15:36.080 --> 15:37.840 +Descendant, descendant. + +15:47.020 --> 15:49.560 +Ce sera, ce sera. + +15:57.940 --> 16:00.420 +Sera-tu? S'auras-tu? + +16:09.120 --> 16:11.740 +J'te, je te, j'te. + +16:23.580 --> 16:26.840 +J'aurais fait, j'aurais fait. + +16:35.180 --> 16:37.840 +La veille, la veille. + +16:46.040 --> 16:48.240 +D'abord, d'abord. + +16:55.640 --> 16:58.520 +Ne plus, ne plus. + +17:08.100 --> 17:10.840 +À mes lèvres. À mes lèvres. + +17:19.620 --> 17:21.660 +D'ici. D'ici. + +17:31.560 --> 17:33.960 +PRESSENTIR, PRESSENTIR. + +17:41.620 --> 17:43.780 +SUIVRA, SUIVRA. + +17:54.260 --> 17:57.020 +ENTRE NOUS, ENTRE NOUS. + +18:07.320 --> 18:12.780 +Je voudrais, je voudrais. Je voudrais, je + +18:12.780 --> 18:12.900 +voudrais. + +18:20.440 --> 18:22.160 +Pareil, pareil. + +18:30.840 --> 18:32.220 +JE VEUX DIRE + +18:41.780 --> 18:44.160 +TOUS DEUX TOUS DEUX + +18:51.360 --> 18:52.740 +SE METTRA + +19:02.460 --> 19:05.220 +Il y a. Il y a. + +19:14.040 --> 19:16.740 +Nous occuper. Nous occuper. + +19:21.800 --> 19:23.240 +Bien, messieurs, c'est tout pour aujourd + +19:23.240 --> 19:23.540 +'hui. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qw237kb3383_b_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qw237kb3383_b_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d32d00 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qw237kb3383_b_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,713 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:04.980 +1.5 + +00:04.980 --> 00:11.940 +kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg + +00:11.940 --> 00:15.920 +kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg + +00:15.920 --> 00:18.260 +kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg + +00:18.260 --> 00:21.060 +kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg kvartal 1 kg + +00:21.060 --> 00:28.000 +kvartal + +00:36.880 --> 00:38.480 +Bonjour, messieurs, ici Côte de France + +00:38.480 --> 00:41.700 +153. Tout d'abord, écoutez la sélection + +00:41.700 --> 00:43.540 +que je vais vous lire, et après, répondez + +00:43.540 --> 00:44.860 +aux questions que je vais vous poser. + +00:45.320 --> 00:46.700 +First of all, listen to the paragraph + +00:46.700 --> 00:49.140 +which I'm going to read you, then answer + +00:49.140 --> 00:51.220 +the questions which I will ask you. I will + +00:51.220 --> 00:53.740 +read each selection twice. It will be + +00:53.740 --> 00:57.900 +fairly short. Le soir où descendant pour + +00:57.900 --> 01:01.280 +dîner, je ne porterai pas mon coup, l'aqua + +01:01.280 --> 01:04.460 +d'améthyste que tu aimes, comprendras-tu + +01:04.460 --> 01:08.660 +que ce sera mon dernier soir? Mais sauras + +01:08.660 --> 01:11.760 +-tu partir, reprit-elle, sans larmes, sans + +01:11.760 --> 01:15.240 +soupirs, sans adieux? Je te quitterai ce + +01:15.240 --> 01:17.120 +dernier soir comme je l'aurais fait la + +01:17.120 --> 01:19.640 +veille. C'est simplement que tu te + +01:19.640 --> 01:22.600 +demanderas d'abord, n'aurait-il pas + +01:22.600 --> 01:25.600 +compris? « Mais quand tu me chercheras le + +01:25.600 --> 01:28.480 +lendemain matin, simplement, je ne serai + +01:28.480 --> 01:32.080 +plus là. » Je répète. « Le soir où + +01:32.080 --> 01:34.520 +descendant pour dîner, je ne porterai pas + +01:34.520 --> 01:36.420 +à mon cou la croix d'un métiste que tu + +01:36.420 --> 01:39.720 +aimes, comprendras-tu. » « Que ce sera mon + +01:39.720 --> 01:42.420 +dernier soir. » « Mais sauras-tu partir, + +01:42.720 --> 01:45.680 +reprit-elle, sans larmes, sans soupirs, + +01:45.820 --> 01:48.540 +sans adieux. » « Je te quitterai ce + +01:48.540 --> 01:50.220 +dernier soir comme je l'aurais fait la + +01:50.220 --> 01:52.440 +veille. » Si simplement que tu te + +01:52.440 --> 01:55.240 +demanderas d'abord, n'aurais-tu pas + +01:55.240 --> 01:58.340 +compris? Mais quand tu me chercheras le + +01:58.340 --> 02:01.220 +lendemain matin, simplement je ne serai + +02:01.220 --> 02:06.240 +plus là. Et bien les questions. Qu'est-ce + +02:06.240 --> 02:08.940 +qu'il va porter en descendant pour dîner? + +02:21.840 --> 02:24.000 +Deuxième question. Qu'est-ce que ça va + +02:24.000 --> 02:24.380 +indiquer? + +02:35.980 --> 02:38.120 +Comment est-ce qu'elle veut qu'il parte? + +02:38.580 --> 02:40.300 +Comment est-ce qu'elle veut qu'il parte? + +02:50.140 --> 02:52.480 +Est-ce qu'il va partir sans lui parler? + +03:03.260 --> 03:05.340 +Qu'est-ce qu'elle ne va pas trouver le + +03:05.340 --> 03:07.540 +lendemain matin? Qu'est-ce qu'elle ne va + +03:07.540 --> 03:09.160 +pas trouver le lendemain matin? + +03:17.760 --> 03:21.080 +Deuxième sélection. Le lendemain, je ne te + +03:21.080 --> 03:24.040 +chercherai plus. Elle me tendait la main, + +03:24.180 --> 03:27.300 +comme je la portais à mes lèvres, d'ici le + +03:27.300 --> 03:29.640 +soir fatal des gens corps, par une + +03:29.640 --> 03:31.880 +allusion qui ne me fasse rien pressentir. + +03:31.880 --> 03:35.520 +« Toi, fasse une allusion à la séparation + +03:35.520 --> 03:38.860 +qui suivra. » Il fallait à présent rompre + +03:38.860 --> 03:41.400 +la gêne que la solennité de se revoir + +03:41.400 --> 03:44.600 +risquait d'élever entre nous. Je voudrais + +03:44.600 --> 03:46.680 +tant, repris-je, que ces quelques jours + +03:46.680 --> 03:49.320 +près de toi nous paraissent pareils à d + +03:49.320 --> 03:51.780 +'autres jours. Je veux dire, ne pas + +03:51.780 --> 03:53.820 +sentir, tous deux, qu'ils sont + +03:53.820 --> 03:58.400 +exceptionnels. Et puis, si nous pouvions + +03:58.400 --> 04:00.380 +ne pas trop chercher à causer d'abord, + +04:00.380 --> 04:04.220 +Elle se mit à rire. J'ajoutais, « N'y a-t + +04:04.220 --> 04:05.680 +-il rien à quoi nous puissions nous + +04:05.680 --> 04:10.720 +occuper ensemble? » Je répète, « Le + +04:10.720 --> 04:13.440 +lendemain, je ne te chercherai plus. » + +04:30.380 --> 04:33.600 +risqué d'élever entre nous. Je voudrais + +04:33.600 --> 04:36.300 +tant, repris, que ces quelques jours près + +04:36.300 --> 04:38.080 +de toi nous paraissent pareils à d'autres + +04:38.080 --> 04:41.180 +jours. Je veux dire ne pas sentir, tous + +04:41.180 --> 04:44.100 +deux, qu'ils sont exceptionnels. Et puis, + +04:44.260 --> 04:47.100 +si nous pouvions ne pas trop chercher à + +04:47.100 --> 04:50.220 +causer d'abord. Elle se mit à rire. J + +04:50.220 --> 04:52.520 +'ajoutais, n'y a-t-il rien à quoi nous + +04:52.520 --> 04:53.920 +puissions nous occuper ensemble? + +04:55.520 --> 04:58.660 +Maintenant, les questions. Est-ce que je + +04:58.660 --> 05:00.980 +vais aller chercher le lendemain? Est-ce + +05:00.980 --> 05:02.420 +qu'elle va le chercher le lendemain? + +05:12.200 --> 05:14.700 +Qu'est-ce qu'elle lui t'en dit? Qu'est-ce + +05:14.700 --> 05:15.480 +qu'elle lui t'en dit? + +05:26.800 --> 05:30.200 +Qu'est-ce qu'il a porté à sa bouche? + +05:34.800 --> 05:38.620 +Des phrases longues et complètes. Complete + +05:38.620 --> 05:39.020 +sentences. + +05:43.960 --> 05:46.580 +Troisième question. Est-ce qu'on va parler + +05:46.580 --> 05:47.760 +encore de ce soir? + +06:00.120 --> 06:02.620 +Prochaine question. Pourquoi le soir + +06:02.620 --> 06:03.320 +fatal? + +06:15.940 --> 06:18.300 +Prochaine question. Pourquoi sont ces + +06:18.300 --> 06:19.860 +jours qu'ils vont passer ensemble + +06:19.860 --> 06:20.880 +exceptionnels? + +06:37.540 --> 06:41.700 +Prochaine question. Elle a ri. Pourquoi + +06:41.700 --> 06:44.460 +rit-elle? Pourquoi rit-elle? + +06:56.520 --> 06:59.000 +Prochaine question. Qu'est-ce qu'il lui + +06:59.000 --> 07:01.700 +demande à la fin? Qu'est-ce qu'il lui + +07:01.700 --> 07:02.940 +demande à la fin? + +07:11.300 --> 07:14.060 +Prochaine question. De tout temps, nous + +07:14.060 --> 07:16.800 +avions pris plaisir au jardinage. Un + +07:16.800 --> 07:19.000 +jardinier sans expérience remplaçait l + +07:19.000 --> 07:21.540 +'ancien depuis peu, et le jardin abandonné + +07:21.540 --> 07:23.880 +durant deux mois offrait beaucoup à faire. + +07:24.740 --> 07:27.560 +Des rosiers étaient mal taillés. Certains, + +07:27.560 --> 07:29.680 +à végétation puissante, restaient + +07:29.680 --> 07:32.300 +encombrés de bois morts. D'autres, + +07:32.480 --> 07:35.660 +grimpants, coulaient mal soutenus. Des + +07:35.660 --> 07:38.840 +gourmands en épuisent d'autres. La plupart + +07:38.840 --> 07:41.520 +avaient été greffés par nous. Nous + +07:41.520 --> 07:44.640 +reconnaissions nos élèves. Les soins qu + +07:44.640 --> 07:45.840 +'ils réclamaient nous occupèrent + +07:45.840 --> 07:47.280 +longuement et nous permurent les trois + +07:47.280 --> 07:49.500 +premiers jours de beaucoup parler sans + +07:49.500 --> 07:51.900 +rien dire de grave, et lorsque nous nous + +07:51.900 --> 07:54.020 +taisions d'un point à sentir peser le + +07:54.020 --> 07:57.600 +silence. De tout temps, nous avions pris + +07:57.600 --> 08:00.500 +plaisir au jardinage. Un jardinier sans + +08:00.500 --> 08:02.860 +expérience remplacé l'ancien depuis peu, + +08:02.960 --> 08:05.800 +et le jardin abandonné durant deux mois + +08:05.800 --> 08:08.420 +offrait beaucoup à faire. Les rosiers + +08:08.420 --> 08:11.040 +étaient mal taillés. Certaines végétations + +08:11.040 --> 08:13.020 +puissantes restaient encombrées de bois + +08:13.020 --> 08:16.060 +morts. D'autres, grimpant, coulaient, mal + +08:16.060 --> 08:18.800 +soutenus. Des gourmands en épuisent d + +08:18.800 --> 08:21.180 +'autres. La plupart avaient été greffés + +08:21.180 --> 08:23.940 +par nous. Nous reconnaissions nos élèves. + +08:24.300 --> 08:26.100 +Les soins qu'ils réclamaient nous + +08:26.100 --> 08:27.800 +occupèrent longuement et nous permirent + +08:27.800 --> 08:29.760 +les trois premiers jours de beaucoup + +08:29.760 --> 08:32.240 +parler sans rien dire de grave et lorsque + +08:32.240 --> 08:34.680 +nous nous taisions, d'un point sentir + +08:34.680 --> 08:38.160 +peser le silence. Maintenant les + +08:38.160 --> 08:40.000 +questions. Où est-ce qu'ils vont + +08:40.000 --> 08:41.700 +travailler? Où est-ce qu'ils vont + +08:41.700 --> 08:42.100 +travailler? + +08:54.240 --> 08:58.400 +Deuxième question. Pourquoi le jardin a-t + +08:58.400 --> 08:59.340 +-il besoin de travail? + +09:11.060 --> 09:13.920 +Troisième question. En quel état sont les + +09:13.920 --> 09:17.140 +rosiers? En quel état sont les rosiers? + +09:25.380 --> 09:28.320 +Troisième question. Pourquoi vont-ils + +09:28.320 --> 09:31.820 +travailler au jardin? Pourquoi vont-ils + +09:31.820 --> 09:33.160 +travailler au jardin? + +09:43.600 --> 09:46.640 +Prochaine question. De quoi parlent-ils + +09:46.640 --> 09:49.800 +les trois premiers jours? De quoi parlent + +09:49.800 --> 09:51.040 +-ils les trois premiers jours? + +10:00.460 --> 10:03.280 +Prochaine sélection. C'est ainsi que nous + +10:03.280 --> 10:05.580 +reprime l'habitude l'un l'autre. Je + +10:05.580 --> 10:07.680 +comptais sur cette accoutumance plus que + +10:07.680 --> 10:10.540 +sur n'importe quelle explication. Le + +10:10.540 --> 10:12.920 +souvenir même de notre séparation déjà s + +10:12.920 --> 10:16.240 +'effacé entre nous, et déjà diminué cette + +10:16.240 --> 10:19.160 +crainte que souvent je sentais en elle. + +10:19.160 --> 10:21.580 +Cette contraction de l'âme qu'elle + +10:21.580 --> 10:24.840 +craignait en moi Alissa, plus jeune qu'à + +10:24.840 --> 10:27.240 +ma triste visite d'automne, ne m'avait + +10:27.240 --> 10:29.960 +jamais paru plus jolie Je ne l'avais pas + +10:29.960 --> 10:33.000 +encore embrassée Chaque soir, je revoyais + +10:33.000 --> 10:35.980 +sur son corsage, retenu par une chaînette + +10:35.980 --> 10:39.100 +d'or, la petite croix d'un métiste brillé + +10:39.100 --> 10:41.980 +En confiance, l'espoir renaissait dans mon + +10:41.980 --> 10:45.540 +cœur Que dis-je, espoir? C'était déjà de l + +10:45.540 --> 10:48.320 +'assurance et que j'imaginais sentir + +10:48.320 --> 10:52.300 +également chez Alissa, car je doutais si + +10:52.300 --> 10:54.200 +peu de moi que je ne pouvais plus douter d + +10:54.200 --> 10:57.140 +'elle. Peu à peu, nos propos sont à dire. + +10:59.340 --> 11:02.180 +Je répète, c'est ainsi que nous reprimons + +11:02.180 --> 11:04.120 +l'habitude l'un de l'autre, et je comptais + +11:04.120 --> 11:05.800 +sur cette accoutumance plus que sur n + +11:05.800 --> 11:08.540 +'importe quelle explication. Le souvenir + +11:08.540 --> 11:10.920 +même de notre séparation déjà s'effacé + +11:10.920 --> 11:14.080 +entre nous, et déjà diminué cette crainte + +11:14.080 --> 11:16.920 +que souvent je sentais en elle, cette + +11:16.920 --> 11:18.900 +contraction de l'âme qu'elle craignait en + +11:18.900 --> 11:21.460 +moi. Alissa, plus jeune que ma triste + +11:21.460 --> 11:24.040 +visite automne, ne m'avait jamais paru + +11:24.040 --> 11:26.120 +plus jolie. Je n'avais pas encore + +11:26.120 --> 11:29.160 +embrassé. Chaque soir, je revoyais sur son + +11:29.160 --> 11:31.620 +coffrage, retenu par une chaînette d'or, + +11:31.860 --> 11:35.140 +la petite croix d'améthyste brillée. En + +11:35.140 --> 11:37.180 +confiance, l'espoir renaissait dans mon + +11:37.180 --> 11:40.320 +coeur. Que dis-je, espoir? C'était déjà l + +11:40.320 --> 11:42.140 +'assurance que j'imaginais sentir + +11:42.140 --> 11:45.560 +également chez Alissa, car je doutais si + +11:45.560 --> 11:48.440 +peu de moi que je ne pouvais plus douter d + +11:48.440 --> 11:52.440 +'elle. Peu à peu, nos propos sont à dire. + +11:52.740 --> 11:55.880 +Et maintenant, les questions. Qu'est-ce qu + +11:55.880 --> 11:58.340 +'ils reprennent les trois premiers jours? + +11:59.200 --> 12:01.380 +Que reprennent-ils les trois premiers + +12:01.380 --> 12:01.720 +jours? + +12:13.920 --> 12:17.140 +Deuxième question. Est-ce qu'il compte sur + +12:17.140 --> 12:20.980 +cet accoutumance? Compte-t-il sur cet + +12:20.980 --> 12:21.900 +accoutumance? + +12:34.220 --> 12:37.380 +Prochaine question. Se souvient-il + +12:37.380 --> 12:40.400 +beaucoup de leur séparation? + +12:58.120 --> 13:01.580 +Prochaine question. Que sent-il en elle? + +13:11.720 --> 13:14.840 +Prochaine question Qu'est-ce qu'elle + +13:14.840 --> 13:19.660 +craint en lui ? Que craint-elle en lui ? + +13:34.480 --> 13:38.060 +Prochaine question. Pourquoi Alissa paraît + +13:38.060 --> 13:41.580 +-elle plus jeune qu'à sa première visite d + +13:41.580 --> 13:42.040 +'automne? + +13:57.340 --> 14:00.180 +Prochaine question. L'a-t-il encore + +14:00.180 --> 14:01.080 +embrassé? + +14:12.880 --> 14:15.600 +Prochaine question. Qu'est-ce qu'il revoit + +14:15.600 --> 14:18.220 +tous les soirs? Que revoit-il tous les + +14:18.220 --> 14:18.540 +soirs? + +14:31.100 --> 14:35.100 +Prochaine question. Pourquoi reprend-il de + +14:35.100 --> 14:35.880 +l'espoir? + +14:40.700 --> 14:41.260 +Bien, + +14:48.480 --> 14:49.980 +messieurs, je vais vous donner des mots et + +14:49.980 --> 14:52.040 +des expressions en français. Vous allez + +14:52.040 --> 14:55.300 +employer ces mots et ces expressions dans + +14:55.300 --> 14:58.340 +des phrases longues et complètes. Now I'm + +14:58.340 --> 14:59.420 +going to give you some words and + +14:59.420 --> 15:01.420 +expressions. Use these words and + +15:01.420 --> 15:04.360 +expressions in complete sentences. + +15:08.020 --> 15:10.780 +Le soir où. Le soir où. + +15:22.080 --> 15:24.360 +Porterai. Porterai. + +15:36.080 --> 15:37.840 +Descendant, descendant. + +15:47.020 --> 15:49.560 +Ce sera, ce sera. + +15:57.940 --> 16:00.420 +Sera-tu? S'auras-tu? + +16:09.120 --> 16:11.740 +J'te, je te, j'te. + +16:23.580 --> 16:26.840 +J'aurais fait, j'aurais fait. + +16:35.180 --> 16:37.840 +La veille, la veille. + +16:46.040 --> 16:48.240 +D'abord, d'abord. + +16:55.640 --> 16:58.520 +Ne plus, ne plus. + +17:08.100 --> 17:10.840 +À mes lèvres. À mes lèvres. + +17:19.620 --> 17:21.660 +D'ici. D'ici. + +17:31.560 --> 17:33.960 +PRESSENTIR, PRESSENTIR. + +17:41.620 --> 17:43.780 +SUIVRA, SUIVRA. + +17:54.260 --> 17:57.020 +ENTRE NOUS, ENTRE NOUS. + +18:07.320 --> 18:12.780 +Je voudrais, je voudrais. Je voudrais, je + +18:12.780 --> 18:12.900 +voudrais. + +18:20.440 --> 18:22.160 +Pareil, pareil. + +18:30.840 --> 18:32.220 +JE VEUX DIRE + +18:41.780 --> 18:44.160 +TOUS DEUX TOUS DEUX + +18:51.360 --> 18:52.740 +SE METTRA + +19:02.460 --> 19:05.220 +Il y a. Il y a. + +19:14.040 --> 19:16.740 +Nous occuper. Nous occuper. + +19:21.800 --> 19:23.240 +Bien, messieurs, c'est tout pour aujourd + +19:23.240 --> 19:23.540 +'hui. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qx203gt3137.json b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qx203gt3137.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..95f5f40 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/qx203gt3137.json @@ -0,0 +1,401 @@ +{ + "cocinaVersion": "0.99.3", + "type": "https://cocina.sul.stanford.edu/models/media", + "externalIdentifier": "druid:qx203gt3137", + "label": "cherokee language lessons (for english speakers)", + "version": 8, + "access": { + "view": "world", + "download": "world", + "controlledDigitalLending": false + }, + "administrative": { + "hasAdminPolicy": "druid:pp818dw4992" + }, + "description": { + "title": [ + { + "structuredValue": [], + "parallelValue": [], + "groupedValue": [], + "value": "cherokee language lessons (for english speakers)", + "identifier": [], + "note": [], + "appliesTo": [] + } + ], + "contributor": [], + "event": [], + "form": [], + 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We call him Shaky. Our goal is to + +01:03.640 --> 01:05.080 +give Shakey some of the abilities + +01:05.080 --> 01:07.040 +associated with intelligence, abilities + +01:07.040 --> 01:09.660 +like planning and learning. Even though + +01:09.660 --> 01:11.580 +the tasks we give Shakey seem quite + +01:11.580 --> 01:13.900 +simple, the programs needed to plan and + +01:13.900 --> 01:17.060 +coordinate his activities are complex. The + +01:17.060 --> 01:18.900 +main purpose of our research is to learn + +01:18.900 --> 01:21.240 +how to design these programs so that + +01:21.240 --> 01:23.180 +robots can be employed in a variety of + +01:23.180 --> 01:25.960 +tasks ranging from space exploration to + +01:25.960 --> 01:29.700 +industrial automation. Shakey operates in + +01:29.700 --> 01:30.500 +this experimental environmental + +01:30.500 --> 01:32.820 +environment of rooms, doorways, and simple + +01:32.820 --> 01:33.240 +objects. + +01:38.340 --> 01:40.520 +The top lens belongs to Shakey's + +01:40.520 --> 01:42.980 +television camera. He uses it to obtain + +01:42.980 --> 01:45.300 +visual information about his own location + +01:45.300 --> 01:48.980 +or about other objects. These walls were + +01:48.980 --> 01:50.840 +made high enough so that Shakey cannot see + +01:50.840 --> 01:52.260 +over them with his television camera. + +01:52.260 --> 01:56.620 +camera. Shakey uses these feelers or cat + +01:56.620 --> 01:58.700 +whiskers to tell him if he has bumped into + +01:58.700 --> 02:01.940 +anything. He can push objects with this + +02:01.940 --> 02:02.340 +push bar. + +02:07.620 --> 02:10.700 +The programs controlling Shakey reside in + +02:10.700 --> 02:13.640 +a large PDP-10 computer and occupy over + +02:13.640 --> 02:19.800 +300,000 36-bit words of storage. Shakey + +02:19.800 --> 02:21.820 +communicates with the computer over a + +02:21.820 --> 02:22.340 +radio link. + +02:26.360 --> 02:29.060 +We use a teletype to give instructions to + +02:29.060 --> 02:31.200 +the computer programs that control Shakey. + +02:33.080 --> 02:35.320 +Shakey reports back to us using the + +02:35.320 --> 02:38.160 +teletype and the cathode ray tube display. + +02:42.240 --> 02:44.800 +An executive program handles communication + +02:44.800 --> 02:47.420 +between the experimenter and and the robot + +02:47.420 --> 02:47.820 +system. + +02:51.460 --> 02:53.600 +Shakey's movements are directly controlled + +02:53.600 --> 02:55.880 +by a set of low-level action programs. + +02:58.010 --> 03:00.480 +These programs convert orders such as roll + +03:00.480 --> 03:03.820 +2.1 feet into appropriate commands to + +03:03.820 --> 03:05.860 +circuits on the vehicle that control + +03:05.860 --> 03:06.600 +Shakey's motors. + +03:09.600 --> 03:12.300 +Two other examples of low-level actions + +03:12.710 --> 03:15.420 +are pan fan, and tilt. + +03:20.680 --> 03:23.160 +The low level actions provide some of the + +03:23.160 --> 03:25.100 +building blocks for more complicated and + +03:25.100 --> 03:27.000 +powerful programs called intermediate + +03:27.000 --> 03:32.500 +level actions. One such action is go-to. + +03:43.900 --> 03:46.680 +Go-to plans and executes a route to a + +03:46.680 --> 03:48.760 +named goal location, marked with a cross + +03:48.760 --> 03:51.240 +here, circumventing obstacles if need be. + +03:57.020 --> 04:00.020 +The Go-To program plans a route by first + +04:00.020 --> 04:02.040 +computing whether any obstacles lie on a + +04:02.040 --> 04:06.400 +direct path. If so, points near the + +04:06.400 --> 04:11.160 +obstacle are set up as sub-goals. After + +04:11.160 --> 04:13.400 +Shakey computes a route, he traverses it + +04:13.400 --> 04:13.880 +to the goal. + +04:19.620 --> 04:22.660 +Another intermediate level action pushes a + +04:22.660 --> 04:25.340 +named object, box one in this example, to + +04:25.340 --> 04:27.280 +a location specified by a pair of + +04:27.280 --> 04:27.640 +coordinates. + +04:30.680 --> 04:32.660 +A feature of the intermediate level + +04:32.660 --> 04:35.060 +actions is their ability to recover from + +04:35.060 --> 04:38.960 +unforeseen accidents. Our gremlin, + +04:39.140 --> 04:41.520 +Charlie, symbolizes as an agent of change + +04:41.520 --> 04:46.040 +unknown to Shakey. Shakey's sensors tell + +04:46.040 --> 04:48.020 +him that the box has slipped off the push + +04:48.020 --> 04:50.620 +bar, but his cat whiskers tell him where + +04:50.620 --> 04:53.760 +the box is so he can get behind it and + +04:53.760 --> 04:54.400 +resume pushing. + +05:36.980 --> 05:41.600 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 level actions is + +05:41.600 --> 05:43.660 +designed to try again if the first attempt + +05:43.660 --> 05:44.120 +fails. + +06:01.860 --> 06:04.420 +We use the push program in another + +06:04.420 --> 06:06.340 +intermediate level action that blocks a + +06:06.340 --> 06:10.840 +doorway with a box. We also have an + +06:10.840 --> 06:12.980 +intermediate level action to take Shakey + +06:12.980 --> 06:15.000 +through a doorway into an adjacent room. + +06:16.360 --> 06:18.360 +Ordinarily, Shakey keeps track of his own + +06:18.360 --> 06:20.360 +position by counting wheel revolutions. + +06:22.360 --> 06:24.720 +This dead reckoning navigation is quite + +06:24.720 --> 06:27.500 +accurate, but errors do accumulate. If an + +06:27.500 --> 06:29.060 +intermediate level action needs more + +06:29.060 --> 06:31.660 +precise location information, it calls on + +06:31.660 --> 06:33.820 +a special picture taking routine called + +06:33.820 --> 06:38.000 +landmark for orientation. Here we see + +06:38.000 --> 06:39.760 +Shakey taking a picture of the nearest + +06:39.760 --> 06:42.240 +reliable landmark, in this case a corner + +06:42.240 --> 06:42.720 +of the room. + +06:49.200 --> 06:51.680 +Shakey's view is shown on the TV monitor. + +06:56.300 --> 06:58.980 +His vision programs enhance the edges of + +06:58.980 --> 07:01.280 +of the picture to produce a line + +07:01.280 --> 07:03.620 +representation on the cathode ray tube + +07:03.620 --> 07:06.520 +display. If Shakey's dead reckoned + +07:06.520 --> 07:09.000 +estimate of his position were correct, the + +07:09.000 --> 07:10.540 +outline of the corner would have looked + +07:10.540 --> 07:14.880 +like this. Shakey uses the new picture + +07:14.880 --> 07:17.360 +information to improve his estimate of his + +07:17.360 --> 07:21.880 +location. The intermediate level actions + +07:21.880 --> 07:23.640 +communicate directly with the executive + +07:23.640 --> 07:25.980 +program and indirectly with the vehicle. + +07:30.140 --> 07:32.880 +To summarize, intermediate level actions + +07:32.880 --> 07:35.120 +are pre-programmed to work on frequently + +07:35.120 --> 07:37.720 +encountered tasks. They can recover from + +07:37.720 --> 07:40.420 +several types of errors and accidents and + +07:40.420 --> 07:42.620 +they incorporate powerful subroutines for + +07:42.620 --> 07:44.540 +analyzing pictures and for navigating. + +07:47.640 --> 07:49.840 +Of course, for intermediate level actions + +07:49.840 --> 07:51.800 +to work, they need information about + +07:51.800 --> 07:52.780 +Shakey's experimental environmental + +07:52.780 --> 07:56.040 +environment. Shakey models his environment + +07:56.040 --> 07:57.860 +with a list of assertions giving + +07:57.860 --> 08:00.140 +information about the locations of walls, + +08:00.440 --> 08:04.360 +doorways, other objects, and himself. From + +08:04.360 --> 08:06.360 +his model, Shakey knows that the floor + +08:06.360 --> 08:08.880 +plan of his world looks like this. The + +08:08.880 --> 08:13.780 +small hand points to Shakey. His model may + +08:13.780 --> 08:16.520 +be incomplete. complete. For example, it + +08:16.520 --> 08:18.360 +happens that the contents of this room are + +08:18.360 --> 08:18.680 +unknown. + +08:22.260 --> 08:25.620 +The model may also be inaccurate. It shows + +08:25.620 --> 08:27.420 +that the upper right-hand corner of room + +08:27.420 --> 08:30.300 +two is empty, even though a box is in fact + +08:30.300 --> 08:30.740 +present. + +08:38.760 --> 08:40.900 +The executive and the action programs + +08:40.900 --> 08:42.780 +communicate with the model so that it can + +08:42.780 --> 08:46.580 +be updated either by a user or by Shakey + +08:46.580 --> 08:46.800 +himself. + +08:52.800 --> 08:55.080 +We want Shakey to be able to combine + +08:55.080 --> 08:57.760 +intermediate level actions to perform new + +08:57.760 --> 09:00.040 +tasks not covered by any single action. + +09:00.560 --> 09:03.100 +For this purpose, Shakey uses a planning + +09:03.100 --> 09:07.020 +program called STRIPS. STRIPS employs such + +09:07.020 --> 09:08.820 +artificial intelligence techniques as + +09:08.820 --> 09:11.120 +means-ends analysis and automatic theorem + +09:11.120 --> 09:15.420 +improving. A special action model tells + +09:15.420 --> 09:17.480 +strips about the preconditions and the + +09:17.480 --> 09:19.480 +predicted effects of each intermediate + +09:19.480 --> 09:20.200 +level action. + +09:24.620 --> 09:26.980 +For example, the action that takes Shakey + +09:26.980 --> 09:29.180 +through a door requires that he be near + +09:29.180 --> 09:31.520 +the door. Its effect is that he will end + +09:31.520 --> 09:34.220 +up in the next room. The action model uses + +09:34.220 --> 09:35.840 +the language of the predicate calculus + +09:35.840 --> 09:37.840 +rather than English as shown here. + +09:41.960 --> 09:44.340 +STRIPS uses the action model to predict + +09:44.340 --> 09:46.200 +what the state of the environment would be + +09:46.200 --> 09:48.840 +if various actions were taken. + +09:54.240 --> 09:56.800 +First, STRIPS finds those actions that are + +09:56.800 --> 09:59.500 +most relevant to the task. The + +09:59.500 --> 10:01.260 +preconditions of these relevant actions + +10:01.260 --> 10:05.140 +are set up as subgoals. These subgoals, in + +10:05.140 --> 10:08.140 +turn, lead to others. Finally, all of the + +10:08.140 --> 10:10.700 +needed actions are assembled into a plan + +10:10.700 --> 10:11.840 +to accomplish the goal. + +10:15.920 --> 10:18.280 +This chart shows the major components of + +10:18.280 --> 10:19.380 +the complete robot system. + +10:22.160 --> 10:23.800 +Now we'll watch Shakey solve some + +10:23.800 --> 10:24.200 +problems. + +10:28.220 --> 10:31.260 +In our first task for Shakey, we want him + +10:31.260 --> 10:36.080 +to use this box to block this door, + +10:36.260 --> 10:39.440 +starting + +10:39.440 --> 10:43.140 +from this position. The robot executive is + +10:43.140 --> 10:45.320 +capable of understanding a wide variety of + +10:45.320 --> 10:47.180 +English statements, questions, and + +10:47.180 --> 10:50.080 +commands. We can type Shakey's first task + +10:50.080 --> 10:52.020 +in English, which is translated into to + +10:52.020 --> 10:54.120 +predicate calculus, the language used by + +10:54.120 --> 10:57.140 +Strips. Strips analyzes the task and + +10:57.140 --> 10:58.720 +produces a plan to solve it. + +11:02.760 --> 11:05.400 +Let's diagram the plan found by Strips. + +11:07.600 --> 11:10.680 +First, Shakey plans to use the action go + +11:10.680 --> 11:13.420 +to D5 that will take him to the doorway. + +11:14.860 --> 11:17.980 +Then he will use the actions go through D5 + +11:17.980 --> 11:20.060 +and go to D3. + +11:23.900 --> 11:27.880 +Finally, he plans to use go through D3 and + +11:27.880 --> 11:33.180 +block D4 with box 1. After computing the + +11:33.180 --> 11:36.420 +plan, Shakey begins to execute it. He + +11:36.420 --> 11:38.540 +moves to the first doorway by using the + +11:38.540 --> 11:40.240 +action, go to D5. + +12:00.720 --> 12:03.580 +He looks through the doorway because he is + +12:03.580 --> 12:05.540 +uncertain about the contents of the next + +12:05.540 --> 12:08.780 +room. room. His view of the floor along + +12:08.780 --> 12:12.000 +his path shows no obstructions, so he + +12:12.000 --> 12:13.880 +moves into the next room by using the + +12:13.880 --> 12:15.700 +action, go through D5. + +12:20.500 --> 12:22.900 +But just after this move, Charlie the + +12:22.900 --> 12:24.780 +Gremlin blocks the next doorway with a + +12:24.780 --> 12:28.520 +box. Shakey doesn't know it yet, but the + +12:28.520 --> 12:30.140 +box is right in his planned path. + +12:35.540 --> 12:37.440 +Because the contents of this room are + +12:37.440 --> 12:39.800 +unknown, he checks the next leg of his + +12:39.800 --> 12:41.360 +journey with a television camera. + +12:47.180 --> 12:49.980 +The box is in Shakey's field of view. This + +12:49.980 --> 12:51.520 +is how it appears on the TV monitor. + +12:56.900 --> 12:59.060 +Shaky's vision programs analyze the + +12:59.060 --> 13:01.740 +picture and tell him that his path to the + +13:01.740 --> 13:04.640 +doorway is obstructed. He takes another TV + +13:04.640 --> 13:08.040 +picture of the obstructing object. Here we + +13:08.040 --> 13:09.920 +monitor on the cathode ray tube display + +13:09.920 --> 13:12.380 +the results of vision programs that + +13:12.380 --> 13:14.880 +enhance edges, identify the main regions + +13:14.880 --> 13:17.480 +of the scene and determine the location of + +13:17.480 --> 13:18.400 +the box on the floor. + +13:23.980 --> 13:26.720 +Once located, the object that blocks his + +13:26.720 --> 13:29.840 +path can be entered in Shakey's model and + +13:29.840 --> 13:31.520 +given a name, Box 2. + +13:37.640 --> 13:40.200 +Now Shakey realizes that he cannot carry + +13:40.200 --> 13:42.760 +out the original version of his plan. His + +13:42.760 --> 13:45.440 +first recourse is to see if some other + +13:45.440 --> 13:47.700 +version of the old plan might work. + +13:51.620 --> 13:54.280 +Shakey remembers the form of a plan and + +13:54.280 --> 13:58.180 +can substitute other symbols into the same + +13:58.180 --> 14:00.140 +form to produce another version of the + +14:00.140 --> 14:03.420 +plan. In this case, Shakey was fortunate. + +14:03.640 --> 14:05.480 +The new version will solve his problem. + +14:06.240 --> 14:08.380 +Otherwise, he would have had to use strips + +14:08.380 --> 14:11.100 +to make a brand new plan, possibly one + +14:11.100 --> 14:13.300 +that used the unblock action to clear the + +14:13.300 --> 14:17.480 +doorway. Here though, strips was not + +14:17.480 --> 14:20.000 +needed, so Shakey begins to execute the + +14:20.000 --> 14:23.080 +new version of the old plan. First he + +14:23.080 --> 14:24.660 +turns and goes to another door. + +14:40.040 --> 14:41.700 +He goes through the door + +14:50.400 --> 14:52.680 +and then goes over to the next door. + +15:11.840 --> 15:14.100 +Finally, he goes through the next doorway + +15:14.100 --> 15:16.340 +where he can use the intermediate level + +15:16.340 --> 15:19.260 +action block D4 with box one. + +15:44.060 --> 15:47.340 +The block program automatically plans a + +15:47.340 --> 15:49.940 +route to a pushing place behind box one. + +16:33.040 --> 16:35.120 +These lights come on whenever Shakey + +16:35.120 --> 16:37.320 +intends to push an object or back away + +16:37.320 --> 16:37.800 +from one. + +16:51.720 --> 16:53.960 +Shaky knows he has to maneuver box one + +16:53.960 --> 16:54.940 +around the wedge. + +17:40.280 --> 17:41.680 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +17:52.260 --> 17:54.460 +Finally, box one is pushed in front of the + +17:54.460 --> 17:54.740 +doorway. + +18:35.800 --> 18:38.600 +When the task is completed, Shakey doesn't + +18:38.600 --> 18:39.980 +forget the plan he has generated. + +18:43.600 --> 18:45.940 +The form of this plan is remembered and + +18:45.940 --> 18:48.560 +stored away as a new action routine called + +18:48.560 --> 18:52.140 +Macrop 1. Macrop 1 is a learned macro + +18:52.140 --> 18:54.580 +action that takes Shakey from one room + +18:54.580 --> 18:57.060 +through an intermediate room and into a + +18:57.060 --> 19:00.960 +third where he blocks a doorway. When + +19:00.960 --> 19:03.280 +Macrop 1 is added to Shakey's action + +19:03.280 --> 19:06.120 +repertoire, a description of it is added + +19:06.120 --> 19:08.660 +to his model of actions so that strips can + +19:08.660 --> 19:10.500 +use it in planning more complex tasks. + +19:11.460 --> 19:13.480 +Let's see how Shakey makes use of this + +19:13.480 --> 19:15.680 +newly learned action to unblock the door + +19:15.680 --> 19:17.080 +that was blocked by Charlie. + +19:24.640 --> 19:27.580 +Strips is given the task in English and + +19:27.580 --> 19:30.040 +begins to analyze the available actions to + +19:30.040 --> 19:31.920 +determine which will help to solve the + +19:31.920 --> 19:32.240 +problem. + +19:36.480 --> 19:38.280 +Strips decides that it must apply the + +19:38.280 --> 19:41.140 +action unblock. To do so it has the sub + +19:41.140 --> 19:42.960 +problem of getting to the room containing + +19:42.960 --> 19:47.980 +box two. Strips solves this sub problem by + +19:47.980 --> 19:50.120 +using the first four components of Macrop + +19:50.120 --> 19:50.360 +1. + +19:53.660 --> 19:55.980 +The new plan is rapidly found to be a + +19:55.980 --> 19:57.900 +simple modification of the old one and + +19:57.900 --> 20:00.660 +Shakey is ready to execute it. This + +20:00.660 --> 20:02.720 +ability to learn enables Shakey to plan + +20:02.720 --> 20:04.900 +his second task in one-third the time that + +20:04.900 --> 20:06.060 +it took to plan his first plan. + +20:09.080 --> 20:12.200 +Let's watch Shakey execute the plan. First + +20:12.200 --> 20:14.380 +he uses the action go to D1. + +20:33.580 --> 20:35.720 +Shaky navigates around the wedge to get to + +20:35.720 --> 20:36.100 +the doorway. + +21:03.540 --> 21:09.960 +He goes through the first door and decides + +21:09.960 --> 21:12.340 +to take a TV picture to update his own + +21:12.340 --> 21:12.740 +location. + +21:30.480 --> 21:32.920 +The new location information is used to + +21:32.920 --> 21:34.520 +correct his position in the model. + +21:36.760 --> 21:39.200 +Confident of his position, Shakey turns to + +21:39.200 --> 21:40.400 +go to the next door. + +22:08.800 --> 22:11.260 +He goes through the door into the room + +22:11.260 --> 22:12.360 +containing box two. + +22:18.940 --> 22:21.480 +Once in this room, he can use the action + +22:21.480 --> 22:26.080 +unblock D3. He calculates an accessible + +22:26.080 --> 22:29.200 +pushing place and heads toward it to push + +22:29.200 --> 22:29.840 +the box away. + +23:22.180 --> 23:22.920 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +23:25.960 --> 23:28.280 +Our experiments with Shakey have helped us + +23:28.280 --> 23:30.540 +learn more about how a computer can be + +23:30.540 --> 23:33.100 +programmed to control a robot. Continuing + +23:33.100 --> 23:35.960 +research at major centers like SRI will + +23:35.960 --> 23:38.180 +someday allow intelligent robots to leave + +23:38.180 --> 23:40.260 +the laboratory and enter the service of + +23:40.260 --> 23:40.440 +man. + +24:22.320 --> 24:22.960 +© BF-WATCH TV 2021 + +24:31.220 --> 24:34.020 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tt618qz3245_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tt618qz3245_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4ccc49 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tt618qz3245_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,392 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:05.300 --> 00:06.700 +I'm sorry. + +00:30.000 --> 00:30.800 +Music + +00:56.060 --> 00:58.640 +At SRI, we are experimenting with a mobile + +00:58.640 --> 01:03.640 +robot. We call him Shaky. Our goal is to + +01:03.640 --> 01:05.080 +give Shakey some of the abilities + +01:05.080 --> 01:07.040 +associated with intelligence, abilities + +01:07.040 --> 01:09.660 +like planning and learning. Even though + +01:09.660 --> 01:11.580 +the tasks we give Shakey seem quite + +01:11.580 --> 01:13.900 +simple, the programs needed to plan and + +01:13.900 --> 01:17.060 +coordinate his activities are complex. The + +01:17.060 --> 01:18.900 +main purpose of our research is to learn + +01:18.900 --> 01:21.240 +how to design these programs so that + +01:21.240 --> 01:23.180 +robots can be employed in a variety of + +01:23.180 --> 01:25.960 +tasks ranging from space exploration to + +01:25.960 --> 01:29.700 +industrial automation. Shakey operates in + +01:29.700 --> 01:30.500 +this experimental environmental + +01:30.500 --> 01:32.820 +environment of rooms, doorways, and simple + +01:32.820 --> 01:33.240 +objects. + +01:38.340 --> 01:40.520 +The top lens belongs to Shakey's + +01:40.520 --> 01:42.980 +television camera. He uses it to obtain + +01:42.980 --> 01:45.300 +visual information about his own location + +01:45.300 --> 01:48.980 +or about other objects. These walls were + +01:48.980 --> 01:50.840 +made high enough so that Shakey cannot see + +01:50.840 --> 01:52.260 +over them with his television camera. + +01:52.260 --> 01:56.620 +camera. Shakey uses these feelers or cat + +01:56.620 --> 01:58.700 +whiskers to tell him if he has bumped into + +01:58.700 --> 02:01.940 +anything. He can push objects with this + +02:01.940 --> 02:02.340 +push bar. + +02:07.620 --> 02:10.700 +The programs controlling Shakey reside in + +02:10.700 --> 02:13.640 +a large PDP-10 computer and occupy over + +02:13.640 --> 02:19.800 +300,000 36-bit words of storage. Shakey + +02:19.800 --> 02:21.820 +communicates with the computer over a + +02:21.820 --> 02:22.340 +radio link. + +02:26.360 --> 02:29.060 +We use a teletype to give instructions to + +02:29.060 --> 02:31.200 +the computer programs that control Shakey. + +02:33.080 --> 02:35.320 +Shakey reports back to us using the + +02:35.320 --> 02:38.160 +teletype and the cathode ray tube display. + +02:42.240 --> 02:44.800 +An executive program handles communication + +02:44.800 --> 02:47.420 +between the experimenter and and the robot + +02:47.420 --> 02:47.820 +system. + +02:51.460 --> 02:53.600 +Shakey's movements are directly controlled + +02:53.600 --> 02:55.880 +by a set of low-level action programs. + +02:58.010 --> 03:00.480 +These programs convert orders such as roll + +03:00.480 --> 03:03.820 +2.1 feet into appropriate commands to + +03:03.820 --> 03:05.860 +circuits on the vehicle that control + +03:05.860 --> 03:06.600 +Shakey's motors. + +03:09.600 --> 03:12.300 +Two other examples of low-level actions + +03:12.710 --> 03:15.420 +are pan fan, and tilt. + +03:20.680 --> 03:23.160 +The low level actions provide some of the + +03:23.160 --> 03:25.100 +building blocks for more complicated and + +03:25.100 --> 03:27.000 +powerful programs called intermediate + +03:27.000 --> 03:32.500 +level actions. One such action is go-to. + +03:43.900 --> 03:46.680 +Go-to plans and executes a route to a + +03:46.680 --> 03:48.760 +named goal location, marked with a cross + +03:48.760 --> 03:51.240 +here, circumventing obstacles if need be. + +03:57.020 --> 04:00.020 +The Go-To program plans a route by first + +04:00.020 --> 04:02.040 +computing whether any obstacles lie on a + +04:02.040 --> 04:06.400 +direct path. If so, points near the + +04:06.400 --> 04:11.160 +obstacle are set up as sub-goals. After + +04:11.160 --> 04:13.400 +Shakey computes a route, he traverses it + +04:13.400 --> 04:13.880 +to the goal. + +04:19.620 --> 04:22.660 +Another intermediate level action pushes a + +04:22.660 --> 04:25.340 +named object, box one in this example, to + +04:25.340 --> 04:27.280 +a location specified by a pair of + +04:27.280 --> 04:27.640 +coordinates. + +04:30.680 --> 04:32.660 +A feature of the intermediate level + +04:32.660 --> 04:35.060 +actions is their ability to recover from + +04:35.060 --> 04:38.960 +unforeseen accidents. Our gremlin, + +04:39.140 --> 04:41.520 +Charlie, symbolizes as an agent of change + +04:41.520 --> 04:46.040 +unknown to Shakey. Shakey's sensors tell + +04:46.040 --> 04:48.020 +him that the box has slipped off the push + +04:48.020 --> 04:50.620 +bar, but his cat whiskers tell him where + +04:50.620 --> 04:53.760 +the box is so he can get behind it and + +04:53.760 --> 04:54.400 +resume pushing. + +05:36.980 --> 05:41.600 + level actions is + +05:41.600 --> 05:43.660 +designed to try again if the first attempt + +05:43.660 --> 05:44.120 +fails. + +06:01.860 --> 06:04.420 +We use the push program in another + +06:04.420 --> 06:06.340 +intermediate level action that blocks a + +06:06.340 --> 06:10.840 +doorway with a box. We also have an + +06:10.840 --> 06:12.980 +intermediate level action to take Shakey + +06:12.980 --> 06:15.000 +through a doorway into an adjacent room. + +06:16.360 --> 06:18.360 +Ordinarily, Shakey keeps track of his own + +06:18.360 --> 06:20.360 +position by counting wheel revolutions. + +06:22.360 --> 06:24.720 +This dead reckoning navigation is quite + +06:24.720 --> 06:27.500 +accurate, but errors do accumulate. If an + +06:27.500 --> 06:29.060 +intermediate level action needs more + +06:29.060 --> 06:31.660 +precise location information, it calls on + +06:31.660 --> 06:33.820 +a special picture taking routine called + +06:33.820 --> 06:38.000 +landmark for orientation. Here we see + +06:38.000 --> 06:39.760 +Shakey taking a picture of the nearest + +06:39.760 --> 06:42.240 +reliable landmark, in this case a corner + +06:42.240 --> 06:42.720 +of the room. + +06:49.200 --> 06:51.680 +Shakey's view is shown on the TV monitor. + +06:56.300 --> 06:58.980 +His vision programs enhance the edges of + +06:58.980 --> 07:01.280 +of the picture to produce a line + +07:01.280 --> 07:03.620 +representation on the cathode ray tube + +07:03.620 --> 07:06.520 +display. If Shakey's dead reckoned + +07:06.520 --> 07:09.000 +estimate of his position were correct, the + +07:09.000 --> 07:10.540 +outline of the corner would have looked + +07:10.540 --> 07:14.880 +like this. Shakey uses the new picture + +07:14.880 --> 07:17.360 +information to improve his estimate of his + +07:17.360 --> 07:21.880 +location. The intermediate level actions + +07:21.880 --> 07:23.640 +communicate directly with the executive + +07:23.640 --> 07:25.980 +program and indirectly with the vehicle. + +07:30.140 --> 07:32.880 +To summarize, intermediate level actions + +07:32.880 --> 07:35.120 +are pre-programmed to work on frequently + +07:35.120 --> 07:37.720 +encountered tasks. They can recover from + +07:37.720 --> 07:40.420 +several types of errors and accidents and + +07:40.420 --> 07:42.620 +they incorporate powerful subroutines for + +07:42.620 --> 07:44.540 +analyzing pictures and for navigating. + +07:47.640 --> 07:49.840 +Of course, for intermediate level actions + +07:49.840 --> 07:51.800 +to work, they need information about + +07:51.800 --> 07:52.780 +Shakey's experimental environmental + +07:52.780 --> 07:56.040 +environment. Shakey models his environment + +07:56.040 --> 07:57.860 +with a list of assertions giving + +07:57.860 --> 08:00.140 +information about the locations of walls, + +08:00.440 --> 08:04.360 +doorways, other objects, and himself. From + +08:04.360 --> 08:06.360 +his model, Shakey knows that the floor + +08:06.360 --> 08:08.880 +plan of his world looks like this. The + +08:08.880 --> 08:13.780 +small hand points to Shakey. His model may + +08:13.780 --> 08:16.520 +be incomplete. complete. For example, it + +08:16.520 --> 08:18.360 +happens that the contents of this room are + +08:18.360 --> 08:18.680 +unknown. + +08:22.260 --> 08:25.600 +The model may also be inaccurate. It shows + +08:25.600 --> 08:27.420 +that the upper right-hand corner of room + +08:27.420 --> 08:30.300 +two is empty, even though a box is in fact + +08:30.300 --> 08:30.720 +present. + +08:38.760 --> 08:40.880 +The executive and the action programs + +08:40.880 --> 08:42.220 +communicate with the models. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tt618qz3245_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tt618qz3245_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4ad07c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tt618qz3245_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

reference
transcript
f1I'm sorry.f1I'm sorry.
2Music At SRI, we are experimenting with a mobile robot.2Music At SRI, we are experimenting with a mobile robot.
3We call him Shaky.3We call him Shaky.
4Our goal is to give Shakey some of the abilities associated with intelligence, a4Our goal is to give Shakey some of the abilities associated with intelligence, a
>bilities like planning and learning.>bilities like planning and learning.
5Even though the tasks we give Shakey seem quite simple, the programs needed to p5Even though the tasks we give Shakey seem quite simple, the programs needed to p
>lan and coordinate his activities are complex.>lan and coordinate his activities are complex.
6The main purpose of our research is to learn how to design these programs so tha6The main purpose of our research is to learn how to design these programs so tha
>t robots can be employed in a variety of tasks ranging from space exploration to>t robots can be employed in a variety of tasks ranging from space exploration to
> industrial automation.> industrial automation.
7Shakey operates in this experimental environmental environment of rooms, doorway7Shakey operates in this experimental environmental environment of rooms, doorway
>s, and simple objects.>s, and simple objects.
8The top lens belongs to Shakey's television camera.8The top lens belongs to Shakey's television camera.
9He uses it to obtain visual information about his own location or about other ob9He uses it to obtain visual information about his own location or about other ob
>jects.>jects.
10These walls were made high enough so that Shakey cannot see over them with his t10These walls were made high enough so that Shakey cannot see over them with his t
>elevision camera.>elevision camera.
11camera.11camera.
12Shakey uses these feelers or cat whiskers to tell him if he has bumped into anyt12Shakey uses these feelers or cat whiskers to tell him if he has bumped into anyt
>hing.>hing.
13He can push objects with this push bar.13He can push objects with this push bar.
14The programs controlling Shakey reside in a large PDP-10 computer and occupy ove14The programs controlling Shakey reside in a large PDP-10 computer and occupy ove
>r 300,000 36-bit words of storage.>r 300,000 36-bit words of storage.
15Shakey communicates with the computer over a radio link.15Shakey communicates with the computer over a radio link.
16We use a teletype to give instructions to the computer programs that control Sha16We use a teletype to give instructions to the computer programs that control Sha
>key.>key.
17Shakey reports back to us using the teletype and the cathode ray tube display.17Shakey reports back to us using the teletype and the cathode ray tube display.
18An executive program handles communication between the experimenter and and the 18An executive program handles communication between the experimenter and and the 
>robot system.>robot system.
19Shakey's movements are directly controlled by a set of low-level action programs19Shakey's movements are directly controlled by a set of low-level action programs
>.>.
20These programs convert orders such as roll 2.1 feet into appropriate commands to20These programs convert orders such as roll 2.1 feet into appropriate commands to
> circuits on the vehicle that control Shakey's motors.> circuits on the vehicle that control Shakey's motors.
21Two other examples of low-level actions are pan fan, and tilt.21Two other examples of low-level actions are pan fan, and tilt.
22The low level actions provide some of the building blocks for more complicated a22The low level actions provide some of the building blocks for more complicated a
>nd powerful programs called intermediate level actions.>nd powerful programs called intermediate level actions.
23One such action is go-to.23One such action is go-to.
24Go-to plans and executes a route to a named goal location, marked with a cross h24Go-to plans and executes a route to a named goal location, marked with a cross h
>ere, circumventing obstacles if need be.>ere, circumventing obstacles if need be.
25The Go-To program plans a route by first computing whether any obstacles lie on 25The Go-To program plans a route by first computing whether any obstacles lie on 
>a direct path.>a direct path.
26If so, points near the obstacle are set up as sub-goals.26If so, points near the obstacle are set up as sub-goals.
27After Shakey computes a route, he traverses it to the goal.27After Shakey computes a route, he traverses it to the goal.
28Another intermediate level action pushes a named object, box one in this example28Another intermediate level action pushes a named object, box one in this example
>, to a location specified by a pair of coordinates.>, to a location specified by a pair of coordinates.
29A feature of the intermediate level actions is their ability to recover from unf29A feature of the intermediate level actions is their ability to recover from unf
>oreseen accidents.>oreseen accidents.
30Our gremlin, Charlie, symbolizes as an agent of change unknown to Shakey.30Our gremlin, Charlie, symbolizes as an agent of change unknown to Shakey.
31Shakey's sensors tell him that the box has slipped off the push bar, but his cat31Shakey's sensors tell him that the box has slipped off the push bar, but his cat
> whiskers tell him where the box is so he can get behind it and resume pushing.> whiskers tell him where the box is so he can get behind it and resume pushing.
32level actions is designed to try again if the first attempt fails.32level actions is designed to try again if the first attempt fails.
33We use the push program in another intermediate level action that blocks a doorw33We use the push program in another intermediate level action that blocks a doorw
>ay with a box.>ay with a box.
34We also have an intermediate level action to take Shakey through a doorway into 34We also have an intermediate level action to take Shakey through a doorway into 
>an adjacent room.>an adjacent room.
35Ordinarily, Shakey keeps track of his own position by counting wheel revolutions35Ordinarily, Shakey keeps track of his own position by counting wheel revolutions
>.>.
36This dead reckoning navigation is quite accurate, but errors do accumulate.36This dead reckoning navigation is quite accurate, but errors do accumulate.
37If an intermediate level action needs more precise location information, it call37If an intermediate level action needs more precise location information, it call
>s on a special picture taking routine called landmark for orientation.>s on a special picture taking routine called landmark for orientation.
38Here we see Shakey taking a picture of the nearest reliable landmark, in this ca38Here we see Shakey taking a picture of the nearest reliable landmark, in this ca
>se a corner of the room.>se a corner of the room.
39Shakey's view is shown on the TV monitor.39Shakey's view is shown on the TV monitor.
40His vision programs enhance the edges of of the picture to produce a line repres40His vision programs enhance the edges of of the picture to produce a line repres
>entation on the cathode ray tube display.>entation on the cathode ray tube display.
41If Shakey's dead reckoned estimate of his position were correct, the outline of 41If Shakey's dead reckoned estimate of his position were correct, the outline of 
>the corner would have looked like this.>the corner would have looked like this.
42Shakey uses the new picture information to improve his estimate of his location.42Shakey uses the new picture information to improve his estimate of his location.
43The intermediate level actions communicate directly with the executive program a43The intermediate level actions communicate directly with the executive program a
>nd indirectly with the vehicle.>nd indirectly with the vehicle.
44To summarize, intermediate level actions are pre-programmed to work on frequentl44To summarize, intermediate level actions are pre-programmed to work on frequentl
>y encountered tasks.>y encountered tasks.
45They can recover from several types of errors and accidents and they incorporate45They can recover from several types of errors and accidents and they incorporate
> powerful subroutines for analyzing pictures and for navigating.> powerful subroutines for analyzing pictures and for navigating.
46Of course, for intermediate level actions to work, they need information about S46Of course, for intermediate level actions to work, they need information about S
>hakey's experimental environmental environment.>hakey's experimental environmental environment.
47Shakey models his environment with a list of assertions giving information about47Shakey models his environment with a list of assertions giving information about
> the locations of walls, doorways, other objects, and himself.> the locations of walls, doorways, other objects, and himself.
48From his model, Shakey knows that the floor plan of his world looks like this.48From his model, Shakey knows that the floor plan of his world looks like this.
49The small hand points to Shakey.49The small hand points to Shakey.
50His model may be incomplete.50His model may be incomplete.
51complete.51complete.
52For example, it happens that the contents of this room are unknown.52For example, it happens that the contents of this room are unknown.
53The model may also be inaccurate.53The model may also be inaccurate.
54It shows that the upper right-hand corner of room two is empty, even though a bo54It shows that the upper right-hand corner of room two is empty, even though a bo
>x is in fact present.>x is in fact present.
t55The executive and the action programs communicate with the model so that it can t55The executive and the action programs communicate with the models.
>be updated either by a user or by Shakey himself. 
56We want Shakey to be able to combine intermediate level actions to perform new t
>asks not covered by any single action. 
57For this purpose, Shakey uses a planning program called STRIPS.
58STRIPS employs such artificial intelligence techniques as means-ends analysis an
>d automatic theorem improving. 
59A special action model tells strips about the preconditions and the predicted ef
>fects of each intermediate level action. 
60For example, the action that takes Shakey through a door requires that he be nea
>r the door. 
61Its effect is that he will end up in the next room.
62The action model uses the language of the predicate calculus rather than English
> as shown here. 
63STRIPS uses the action model to predict what the state of the environment would 
>be if various actions were taken. 
64First, STRIPS finds those actions that are most relevant to the task.
65The preconditions of these relevant actions are set up as subgoals.
66These subgoals, in turn, lead to others.
67Finally, all of the needed actions are assembled into a plan to accomplish the g
>oal. 
68This chart shows the major components of the complete robot system.
69Now we'll watch Shakey solve some problems.
70In our first task for Shakey, we want him to use this box to block this door, st
>arting from this position. 
71The robot executive is capable of understanding a wide variety of English statem
>ents, questions, and commands. 
72We can type Shakey's first task in English, which is translated into to predicat
>e calculus, the language used by Strips. 
73Strips analyzes the task and produces a plan to solve it.
74Let's diagram the plan found by Strips.
75First, Shakey plans to use the action go to D5 that will take him to the doorway
>. 
76Then he will use the actions go through D5 and go to D3.
77Finally, he plans to use go through D3 and block D4 with box 1.
78After computing the plan, Shakey begins to execute it.
79He moves to the first doorway by using the action, go to D5.
80He looks through the doorway because he is uncertain about the contents of the n
>ext room. 
81room.
82His view of the floor along his path shows no obstructions, so he moves into the
> next room by using the action, go through D5. 
83But just after this move, Charlie the Gremlin blocks the next doorway with a box
>. 
84Shakey doesn't know it yet, but the box is right in his planned path.
85Because the contents of this room are unknown, he checks the next leg of his jou
>rney with a television camera. 
86The box is in Shakey's field of view.
87This is how it appears on the TV monitor.
88Shaky's vision programs analyze the picture and tell him that his path to the do
>orway is obstructed. 
89He takes another TV picture of the obstructing object.
90Here we monitor on the cathode ray tube display the results of vision programs t
>hat enhance edges, identify the main regions of the scene and determine the loca 
>tion of the box on the floor. 
91Once located, the object that blocks his path can be entered in Shakey's model a
>nd given a name, Box 2. 
92Now Shakey realizes that he cannot carry out the original version of his plan.
93His first recourse is to see if some other version of the old plan might work.
94Shakey remembers the form of a plan and can substitute other symbols into the sa
>me form to produce another version of the plan. 
95In this case, Shakey was fortunate.
96The new version will solve his problem.
97Otherwise, he would have had to use strips to make a brand new plan, possibly on
>e that used the unblock action to clear the doorway. 
98Here though, strips was not needed, so Shakey begins to execute the new version 
>of the old plan. 
99First he turns and goes to another door.
100He goes through the door and then goes over to the next door.
101Finally, he goes through the next doorway where he can use the intermediate leve
>l action block D4 with box one. 
102The block program automatically plans a route to a pushing place behind box one.
103These lights come on whenever Shakey intends to push an object or back away from
> one. 
104Shaky knows he has to maneuver box one around the wedge.
105Finally, box one is pushed in front of the doorway.
106When the task is completed, Shakey doesn't forget the plan he has generated.
107The form of this plan is remembered and stored away as a new action routine call
>ed Macrop 1. 
108Macrop 1 is a learned macro action that takes Shakey from one room through an in
>termediate room and into a third where he blocks a doorway. 
109When Macrop 1 is added to Shakey's action repertoire, a description of it is add
>ed to his model of actions so that strips can use it in planning more complex ta 
>sks. 
110Let's see how Shakey makes use of this newly learned action to unblock the door 
>that was blocked by Charlie. 
111Strips is given the task in English and begins to analyze the available actions 
>to determine which will help to solve the problem. 
112Strips decides that it must apply the action unblock.
113To do so it has the sub problem of getting to the room containing box two.
114Strips solves this sub problem by using the first four components of Macrop 1.
115The new plan is rapidly found to be a simple modification of the old one and Sha
>key is ready to execute it. 
116This ability to learn enables Shakey to plan his second task in one-third the ti
>me that it took to plan his first plan. 
117Let's watch Shakey execute the plan.
118First he uses the action go to D1.
119Shaky navigates around the wedge to get to the doorway.
120He goes through the first door and decides to take a TV picture to update his ow
>n location. 
121The new location information is used to correct his position in the model.
122Confident of his position, Shakey turns to go to the next door.
123He goes through the door into the room containing box two.
124Once in this room, he can use the action unblock D3.
125He calculates an accessible pushing place and heads toward it to push the box aw
>ay. 
126Our experiments with Shakey have helped us learn more about how a computer can b
>e programmed to control a robot. 
127Continuing research at major centers like SRI will someday allow intelligent rob
>ots to leave the laboratory and enter the service of man. 
128Thank you.
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+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tw602gm2722_a_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tw602gm2722_a_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bdba9af --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tw602gm2722_a_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,2438 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:03.020 +One in the middle that's taken. One over + +00:03.020 --> 00:05.820 +here, two over here. Maybe people in the + +00:05.820 --> 00:06.700 +aisles can move in. + +00:15.080 --> 00:18.080 +Any more? A couple over here. + +00:31.200 --> 00:33.880 +My name is Wanda Korn. I'm director of the + +00:33.880 --> 00:36.500 +Stanford Humanities Center. It's the + +00:36.500 --> 00:38.820 +Stanford Humanities Center, which is a + +00:38.820 --> 00:41.440 +research institute on campus dedicated to + +00:41.440 --> 00:43.700 +arts and letters, that has been hosting + +00:43.700 --> 00:45.640 +Joseph Brodsky's visit here this week. + +00:46.220 --> 00:48.980 +This is the last of four public + +00:48.980 --> 00:53.360 +presentations and many more informal ones + +00:53.360 --> 00:56.140 +that Mr. Brodsky has made on campus this + +00:56.140 --> 00:59.300 +week. In fact, as a matter of curiosity, I + +00:59.300 --> 01:00.940 +wonder how many of you in the audience + +01:00.940 --> 01:03.800 +tonight have attended another event with + +01:03.800 --> 01:10.020 +our visitor this week. Thank you. For + +01:10.020 --> 01:11.920 +those of you who have been able to hear + +01:11.920 --> 01:15.000 +Mr. Brodsky this week, each time on a + +01:15.000 --> 01:17.680 +different subject, I'm sure you would + +01:17.680 --> 01:19.420 +agree that there is something very special + +01:19.420 --> 01:21.480 +and unusual about about having the + +01:21.480 --> 01:24.820 +opportunity to hear a gifted person give, + +01:24.920 --> 01:27.280 +as it were, different pieces of himself in + +01:27.280 --> 01:31.320 +a concentrated period of time. While an + +01:31.320 --> 01:34.620 +exhausting marathon for our speaker, it is + +01:34.620 --> 01:36.700 +extremely enriching for those on campus. + +01:37.200 --> 01:40.500 +And by way of introduction, I want to tell + +01:40.500 --> 01:43.140 +you how Joseph Brodsky's visit came about. + +01:43.140 --> 01:47.420 +out. If you've read your program, you know + +01:47.420 --> 01:49.400 +that Rhoda and Elliot Leventhal + +01:49.400 --> 01:52.320 +established a new endowment last year at + +01:52.320 --> 01:55.140 +the Stanford Humanities Center, one that + +01:55.140 --> 01:57.420 +they specially designed to bring to campus + +01:57.420 --> 02:00.640 +persons of significant achievement in + +02:00.640 --> 02:03.860 +humanities and world affairs. It was the + +02:03.860 --> 02:05.980 +Leventhal's idea that this visitor should + +02:05.980 --> 02:08.320 +not just come, give a lecture or reading, + +02:08.480 --> 02:11.160 +and go, but rather to stay long enough on + +02:11.160 --> 02:13.080 +campus to have significant interaction + +02:13.080 --> 02:16.080 +with students, faculty, and others in the + +02:16.080 --> 02:19.620 +Stanford community. Joseph Brodsky has + +02:19.620 --> 02:21.600 +been the first Leventhal distinguished + +02:22.010 --> 02:24.960 +visitor and a most generous visitor he has + +02:24.960 --> 02:28.720 +been. Listening to his presentations has + +02:28.720 --> 02:30.380 +been rather like absorbing a cubist + +02:30.380 --> 02:33.460 +painting, a new facet or layer building + +02:33.460 --> 02:35.480 +each day into into a fuller portrait. + +02:36.820 --> 02:39.040 +Monday, the Mount Holyoke teacher of + +02:39.040 --> 02:41.820 +literature. Tuesday, the meditative + +02:41.820 --> 02:44.380 +essayist that we read in the New Republic + +02:44.380 --> 02:45.920 +and the New York Review of Books. + +02:46.900 --> 02:49.400 +Wednesday, the seasoned and mature poet + +02:49.740 --> 02:52.420 +talking about his craft. And tonight, + +02:52.620 --> 02:55.280 +Thursday, the Nobel Prize winning poet and + +02:55.280 --> 02:57.480 +fifth poet laureate of the United States. + +02:58.820 --> 03:02.600 +I'm reminded at the end of this week of + +03:02.600 --> 03:05.320 +one of the qualities Mr. Brodsky said he + +03:05.320 --> 03:08.100 +admired in the poetry of Thomas Hardy and + +03:08.100 --> 03:10.980 +Robert Frost a quality called expansive + +03:10.980 --> 03:14.060 +motion. The expansive motion of a line. + +03:14.280 --> 03:17.440 +It's continually opening out. It's a + +03:17.440 --> 03:20.660 +similar expansiveness and unfolding that + +03:20.660 --> 03:22.560 +so many of us have experienced this week + +03:22.560 --> 03:26.120 +in the man himself. So in your welcoming + +03:26.120 --> 03:28.620 +applause I hope you will pay tribute + +03:28.620 --> 03:31.700 +tonight not only to the poet, artist, + +03:31.940 --> 03:34.340 +teacher, philosopher who will read for us + +03:34.340 --> 03:37.180 +this evening, but also include a thank you + +03:37.180 --> 03:39.660 +to the Leventhals who made it possible for + +03:39.660 --> 03:42.320 +him to spend this full week at Stanford. + +03:42.580 --> 03:45.120 +Thank you, Joseph. Thank you, Rhoda and + +03:45.120 --> 03:45.360 +Elliot. + +04:03.560 --> 04:04.360 +Thank you. + +04:08.320 --> 04:09.000 +Good evening. + +04:14.300 --> 04:17.580 +We'll be here for about one hour, and in + +04:17.580 --> 04:20.200 +the course of that hour, I'm going to read + +04:20.200 --> 04:23.680 +you a few poems. Most of them I'll read to + +04:23.680 --> 04:25.000 +you in English, but three or four, + +04:25.080 --> 04:27.780 +presumably, I will read both in English + +04:27.780 --> 04:31.060 +and in Russian. I wish actually it were + +04:31.060 --> 04:35.960 +the other way around because English is + +04:35.960 --> 04:38.140 +far from being my mother tongue and well, + +04:38.280 --> 04:42.180 +there's plenty of accent in it. So the + +04:42.180 --> 04:46.720 +only thing I can, well, I cannot hope for + +04:46.720 --> 04:50.120 +you is your indulgence and I'll try to do + +04:50.120 --> 04:53.420 +my level best. + +04:57.440 --> 05:02.040 +Well, I would like to start. I'm not so + +05:02.040 --> 05:06.200 +sure that this is a true thing that I'm + +05:06.200 --> 05:07.620 +trying to say that I would like to start. + +05:07.880 --> 05:09.600 +Actually, I wouldn't like to start at all. + +05:15.300 --> 05:18.480 +But I think I would like, I think I will + +05:18.480 --> 05:20.680 +start with the poem. + +05:23.680 --> 05:26.680 +It's a somewhat oldish poem. It's the + +05:26.680 --> 05:30.080 +title of this poem is Letters from the + +05:30.080 --> 05:33.500 +Ming Dynasty. It consists of two parts. + +05:34.100 --> 05:35.380 +Obviously, Obviously these are not the + +05:35.380 --> 05:39.620 +real letters, it's a stylization. The + +05:39.620 --> 05:44.880 +poem, the first part is a letter by a + +05:44.880 --> 05:50.520 +woman by Kurtier, something like a lady in + +05:50.520 --> 05:54.000 +waiting to her traveling faraway husband. + +05:54.720 --> 05:56.980 +And the second poem is the husband's + +05:56.980 --> 05:59.920 +presumed reply. Oh, you ought to know for + +05:59.920 --> 06:04.740 +the purposes of the poem. well, I mean for + +06:04.740 --> 06:06.380 +the purposes of better grasping what's + +06:06.380 --> 06:08.480 +going on is that while the Ming Dynasty is + +06:08.480 --> 06:12.520 +about the most cruel dynasty in the + +06:12.520 --> 06:15.280 +history of China, it was awfully good on + +06:15.280 --> 06:17.540 +the artifacts as well. The red Ming vases + +06:17.540 --> 06:21.480 +are justly famous. The expression land + +06:21.480 --> 06:25.760 +under heaven stands for, it's a euphemism + +06:25.760 --> 06:28.140 +for the celestial empire, which is in its + +06:28.140 --> 06:32.120 +own right, the euphemic name for China and + +06:32.120 --> 06:36.000 +the word Li is something like one-third of + +06:36.000 --> 06:40.200 +a mile in length and well hieroglyphs + +06:40.200 --> 06:41.720 +obviously it's sort of some of the + +06:41.720 --> 06:44.140 +mistranslation the word hieroglyph it's + +06:44.140 --> 06:49.780 +always like a character. Well letters from + +06:49.780 --> 06:53.380 +the Ming dynasty. I read it to you in + +06:53.380 --> 06:54.900 +English and in Russian. + +06:58.640 --> 07:02.720 +Soon it will be 13 years soon it will be + +07:02.720 --> 07:05.900 +13 years since the nightingale fluttered + +07:05.900 --> 07:09.180 +out of its cage and vanished and at + +07:09.180 --> 07:11.860 +nightfall the Emperor washes down his + +07:11.860 --> 07:14.040 +medicine with the blood of another tailor + +07:14.040 --> 07:17.420 +then propped on silk pillows turns on a + +07:17.420 --> 07:20.100 +jeweled bird that lulls him with its level + +07:20.100 --> 07:23.240 +identical song. It's this sort of + +07:23.240 --> 07:26.120 +anniversary, unnumbered, wrong that we + +07:26.120 --> 07:28.640 +celebrate these days in our land and the + +07:28.640 --> 07:31.240 +heaven. The special mirror that smooths + +07:31.240 --> 07:34.560 +wrinkles even costs more every year. Our + +07:34.560 --> 07:36.960 +small garden is choked with weeds, the sky + +07:36.960 --> 07:40.040 +too is pierced by spires like pins in the + +07:40.040 --> 07:42.120 +shoulder blades of someone so sick that + +07:42.120 --> 07:43.640 +his back is all we're allowed to see. + +07:46.960 --> 07:50.080 +And begins to joke. This letter to you, + +07:50.180 --> 07:54.280 +beloved, from your wild duck is brushed on + +07:54.280 --> 07:56.640 +the scented rice paper given me by the + +07:56.640 --> 08:00.340 +empress. Lately there is no rice, but the + +08:00.340 --> 08:04.820 +flow of rice paper is endless. A thousand + +08:04.820 --> 08:07.300 +-lea long road starts with the first step + +08:07.300 --> 08:10.600 +as the proverb goes. Pity the road home + +08:10.600 --> 08:13.220 +doesn't depend on that same step. It + +08:13.220 --> 08:15.840 +exceeds ten times a thousand Li, + +08:16.000 --> 08:19.140 +especially counting from zeros. One + +08:19.140 --> 08:23.180 +thousand Li, two thousand Li. A thousand + +08:23.180 --> 08:27.320 +means thou shalt not ever see thy native + +08:27.320 --> 08:30.000 +place. And the meaninglessness, like a + +08:30.000 --> 08:32.520 +plague, spreads from words onto numbers, + +08:32.700 --> 08:35.380 +onto zeros especially. Wind blows us + +08:35.380 --> 08:38.200 +westward like the yellow tears from a + +08:38.200 --> 08:40.840 +dried pod there by the wall towers. + +08:41.400 --> 08:43.600 +Against it, man's figure is ugly and stiff + +08:43.600 --> 08:46.180 +as a frightening hieroglyph, as any + +08:46.180 --> 08:49.280 +illegible scripture at which one stares. + +08:49.960 --> 08:52.680 +This pull in one direction only has made + +08:52.680 --> 08:55.040 +me something elongated, like a horse's + +08:55.040 --> 08:58.440 +head, and all the body should do is span + +08:58.440 --> 09:01.120 +by its shadow, rustling across the wild + +09:01.120 --> 09:04.740 +barleys with a blade. I know the same poem + +09:04.740 --> 09:07.920 +in Russian. The letters of the Ming + +09:07.920 --> 09:08.160 +dynasty. + +09:35.160 --> 09:37.660 +not a happy, not a good anniversary + +09:38.700 --> 09:42.720 +special mirror smoothing wrinkles every + +09:42.720 --> 09:46.120 +year our little garden is born in decline + +09:46.120 --> 09:49.120 +the sky is also cut with spines like a + +09:49.120 --> 09:50.820 +shoulder blade and the back of a sick + +09:50.820 --> 09:53.780 +person whose back we only see and + +09:53.780 --> 09:56.620 +sometimes I explain to my son the nature + +09:56.620 --> 09:59.260 +of the Bogdekhan of the stars and he lets + +09:59.260 --> 10:02.380 +go of the joke this is a letter from you + +10:28.980 --> 10:38.600 +бурь is reading from oh 1000 or 2000 or + +10:38.600 --> 10:43.400 +1000 means that you are now far from the + +10:43.400 --> 10:45.720 +native blood and the plague of nonsense + +10:45.720 --> 10:48.600 +from the word is transferred to the + +10:48.600 --> 10:51.660 +numbers especially at zero the wind + +10:51.660 --> 10:54.720 +carries us to the west like a storm and + +10:54.720 --> 10:54.960 +seeds + +11:25.000 --> 11:27.720 +Well, let's switch to something else. + +11:36.340 --> 11:37.180 +Well, + +11:39.560 --> 11:42.500 +the title of the next poem is + +11:42.500 --> 11:44.300 +Transatlantic. + +11:46.780 --> 11:47.840 +It's a short poem. + +11:51.540 --> 11:54.400 +The last 20 years were good for + +11:54.400 --> 11:57.840 +practically everybody, save the dead. But + +11:57.840 --> 12:00.800 +maybe for them as well. Maybe the Almighty + +12:00.800 --> 12:03.620 +himself has turned a bit bourgeois and + +12:03.620 --> 12:06.440 +uses a credit card. For otherwise, time's + +12:06.440 --> 12:09.120 +passage makes no sense. Hence memories, + +12:09.480 --> 12:12.580 +recollections, values, deportment. One + +12:12.580 --> 12:15.140 +hopes one hasn't spent one's mother or + +12:15.140 --> 12:16.980 +father or both or a handful of friends + +12:16.980 --> 12:19.920 +entirely as this is to hound one's dreams + +12:19.920 --> 12:23.680 +One's dreams, unlike the city, become less + +12:23.680 --> 12:26.780 +populous the older one gets That's why the + +12:26.780 --> 12:30.380 +eternal rest cancels analysis The last 20 + +12:30.380 --> 12:33.020 +years were good for practically everybody + +12:33.020 --> 12:35.540 +and constituted the afterlife for the dead + +12:35.540 --> 12:38.260 +Its quality could be questioned, but not + +12:38.260 --> 12:41.360 +its duration The dead one assumes would + +12:41.360 --> 12:44.200 +not mind attaining a homely status and + +12:44.200 --> 12:46.660 +sleep in archways or watch pregnant + +12:46.660 --> 12:49.200 +submarines returning to their native pen + +12:49.200 --> 12:51.620 +after a worldwide journey without + +12:51.620 --> 12:54.540 +destroying life on earth, without even a + +12:54.540 --> 12:56.180 +proper flag to hoist. + +13:03.160 --> 13:07.500 +The next poem is somewhat longish. Indeed, + +13:07.580 --> 13:11.460 +it's a fairly long poem. It's called An + +13:11.460 --> 13:14.220 +Admonition. essentially it's an advice to + +13:14.220 --> 13:14.660 +a traveler. + +13:22.880 --> 13:23.720 +Admonition. + +13:26.720 --> 13:30.780 +Trekking in Asia, spending nights in odd + +13:30.780 --> 13:34.040 +dwellings, in granaries, cabins, shacks, + +13:34.280 --> 13:37.620 +timber abodes whose thin, squinted window + +13:37.620 --> 13:40.500 +panes harness the world, sleep dressed + +13:40.500 --> 13:43.460 +wrapped in your sheepskin and do your best + +13:43.460 --> 13:45.340 +always to tuck your head into the corner + +13:45.340 --> 13:47.960 +as in the corner it's harder and a + +13:47.960 --> 13:50.480 +darkness of that to swing an axe over your + +13:50.480 --> 13:53.080 +heavy booze laden Gerd and to chop it off + +13:53.080 --> 13:57.060 +nicely square the circle in short fear bro + +13:57.060 --> 14:00.400 +cheekbones including the moons poke marked + +14:00.400 --> 14:03.240 +skin and prefer blue eyes to brown eyes + +14:03.240 --> 14:05.620 +search hard for the blue ones especially + +14:05.620 --> 14:07.520 +when When the road takes you into the + +14:07.520 --> 14:10.640 +wood, into its thick, on the hole as for + +14:10.640 --> 14:12.880 +the eyes, one should watch for they cut. + +14:13.280 --> 14:15.880 +For at your last instant it's better to + +14:15.880 --> 14:18.340 +stare at that which though cold, pyramids + +14:18.340 --> 14:21.260 +sink through, ice may crack, yet wallowing + +14:21.260 --> 14:23.580 +in an ice hole is far better than in honey + +14:23.580 --> 14:27.000 +-like viscous lies. Always pick a house + +14:27.000 --> 14:29.760 +with baby clothes hanging out in the yard. + +14:30.120 --> 14:32.900 +Deal only with the over 50 crowd. A hick + +14:32.900 --> 14:35.420 +at that age knows too much about fate to + +14:35.420 --> 14:37.600 +gain anything by attempting to bust your + +14:37.600 --> 14:40.720 +brain. Same thing as squaw. Hide money in + +14:40.720 --> 14:42.920 +your fur coats, collar, or if you are + +14:42.920 --> 14:44.980 +traveling light, in your brown culotte + +14:44.980 --> 14:47.240 +under the knee, but not in your boots, + +14:47.320 --> 14:49.100 +since they'll find the door easily there + +14:49.100 --> 14:52.360 +in Asia. Boots are the first to go. In the + +14:52.360 --> 14:55.400 +mountains, move slowly. If you must creep, + +14:55.620 --> 14:58.700 +then creep. Magnificent in the distance, + +14:58.980 --> 15:01.400 +meaningless closer up, mountains about the + +15:01.400 --> 15:04.300 +surface standing on end. The snail-like + +15:04.300 --> 15:06.800 +and it seems horizontal meandering trail + +15:06.800 --> 15:10.640 +is in fact vertical. Laying flat in the + +15:10.640 --> 15:13.440 +mountains you stand. Standing up you lie + +15:13.440 --> 15:15.660 +flat which suggests your true freedom + +15:15.660 --> 15:17.820 +isn't falling down. That's the way it + +15:17.820 --> 15:20.320 +appears to conquer once in the mountains + +15:20.320 --> 15:24.400 +vertigo ruptures fears. If somebody yells + +15:24.400 --> 15:28.260 +hey stranger don't answer. Play deaf and + +15:28.260 --> 15:30.960 +dumb. Even though you may know it, don't + +15:30.960 --> 15:33.480 +speak the tongue. Try not to stand out, + +15:33.580 --> 15:36.900 +even in profile or full face. Simply don't + +15:36.900 --> 15:39.580 +wash your face at times. What's more, when + +15:39.580 --> 15:43.420 +the rip occurs, throw it with a saw. Don't + +15:43.420 --> 15:46.040 +cringe. Smoking douse your body with + +15:46.040 --> 15:48.320 +spittle. And besides, arrange to wear + +15:48.320 --> 15:50.820 +gray, the hue of the earth, especially + +15:50.820 --> 15:53.260 +under clothes, to reduce the temptation to + +15:53.260 --> 15:56.040 +blend your flesh with earth. When you halt + +15:56.040 --> 15:58.640 +in the desert, make an arrow from pebbles. + +15:58.800 --> 16:01.040 +So if suddenly woken up, you'll grasp + +16:01.040 --> 16:03.440 +which way to go in the darkness. At night, + +16:03.580 --> 16:06.640 +demons in deserts try travelers' hearts. + +16:06.980 --> 16:08.980 +One who heeds their cry is easily + +16:08.980 --> 16:11.440 +disoriented. One steps sideways and well, + +16:11.580 --> 16:14.560 +said two. Ghosts, specters, demons are at + +16:14.560 --> 16:16.600 +home in the desert. You too will discover + +16:16.600 --> 16:19.100 +that's true when sand creaking under your + +16:19.100 --> 16:21.160 +soul. All that remains of you is your + +16:21.160 --> 16:25.040 +soul. So nobody ever knows anything for a + +16:25.040 --> 16:27.580 +fact. Gazing ahead at your stooping + +16:27.580 --> 16:30.280 +guides, sturdy bark think that you gaze at + +16:30.280 --> 16:32.480 +the future, and keep your distance if that + +16:32.480 --> 16:35.080 +is possible from him. Since in principle + +16:35.080 --> 16:37.540 +life also means but a distance between + +16:37.540 --> 16:39.900 +here and there, and quickening the pace, + +16:40.040 --> 16:42.380 +pace only when you discern the sound + +16:42.380 --> 16:44.660 +behind of those running after you down the + +16:44.660 --> 16:46.540 +path, with lowered heads be they + +16:46.540 --> 16:49.740 +murderers, thieves, the past. in the saw + +16:49.740 --> 16:54.400 +with a frogs of rocks in the burned down + +16:54.400 --> 16:57.400 +his fume prized in difference of things to + +16:57.400 --> 17:00.300 +being regarded from afar and in turn lose + +17:00.300 --> 17:02.260 +your own silhouette turning thus + +17:02.260 --> 17:05.700 +unattainable for binoculars gendarmes mass + +17:05.700 --> 17:09.040 +coughing in the cloud of dust wading + +17:09.040 --> 17:12.640 +through mud Mac map what difference does + +17:12.640 --> 17:14.660 +it make how you would look close up close + +17:14.660 --> 17:17.440 +up it's even better if some character with + +17:17.440 --> 17:19.780 +a blade figures Figures out you're a + +17:19.780 --> 17:23.120 +stranger a bit too late. Rivers in Asia + +17:23.120 --> 17:26.480 +are longer than elsewhere. More rich in + +17:26.480 --> 17:29.640 +alluvium that is murkier. As you reach for + +17:29.640 --> 17:31.980 +a mouthful, your cupped fingers ladle + +17:31.980 --> 17:34.600 +sealed. And one who has drunk this water + +17:34.600 --> 17:37.560 +would prefer it spilled. Never trust its + +17:37.560 --> 17:40.440 +reflection. Crossing it, cross it on a + +17:40.440 --> 17:42.540 +raft built with no other hands but the + +17:42.540 --> 17:45.000 +pair you own. Note that the gleam of + +17:45.000 --> 17:47.680 +campfire, your nightly bliss, will by + +17:47.680 --> 17:49.920 +sliding downstream betray you to enemies. + +17:50.260 --> 17:53.000 +In your letters from these parts, don't + +17:53.000 --> 17:55.100 +divulge whom and what you've seen on your + +17:55.100 --> 17:57.460 +way. If anything should be penned, use + +17:57.460 --> 18:00.080 +your various feelings, musings, regrets at + +18:00.080 --> 18:02.440 +all. A letter can be intercepted and after + +18:02.440 --> 18:05.760 +all, the movement of a pen across paper is + +18:05.760 --> 18:08.100 +in itself the worsening of the break + +18:08.100 --> 18:10.340 +between you and those with whom you won't + +18:10.340 --> 18:12.500 +any longer sit or lie down with whom. + +18:12.500 --> 18:15.120 +unlike the letter you won't share who + +18:15.120 --> 18:19.300 +cares why a home when you stand on a stony + +18:19.300 --> 18:23.720 +on an empty stony plateau alone under the + +18:23.720 --> 18:26.680 +fathomless dome of Asia in whose blueness + +18:26.680 --> 18:29.540 +an airplane or an angel sometimes sweeps + +18:29.540 --> 18:32.380 +up its starch or star when you're + +18:32.380 --> 18:34.280 +shattered how infinitesimally small you + +18:34.280 --> 18:37.880 +are remember space that appears to need + +18:37.880 --> 18:41.000 +nothing does crave as a matter of fact an + +18:41.000 --> 18:44.340 +outside gaze, a criterion of emptiness, of + +18:44.340 --> 18:47.740 +its depth and scope, and it's only you who + +18:47.740 --> 18:48.560 +can do the job. + +19:00.560 --> 19:06.700 +The title of the next poem is + +19:06.700 --> 19:08.260 +a footnote to weather forecasts. + +19:21.120 --> 19:24.420 +A footnote to weather forecasts. + +19:27.660 --> 19:30.780 +A garden alley with statues of hardened + +19:30.780 --> 19:35.240 +mud, akin to knurled, stunted tree trunks. + +19:35.840 --> 19:40.220 +Some of them I knew personally, the rest I + +19:40.220 --> 19:43.840 +see for the first time ever. Presumably + +19:43.840 --> 19:45.660 +they are gods of local woods and streams, + +19:46.160 --> 19:49.180 +guardians of silence. As for the feminine + +19:49.180 --> 19:51.540 +shapes, nymphs and so forth, they look + +19:51.540 --> 19:53.900 +thought-like, that is unfinished, each one + +19:53.900 --> 19:56.860 +strives to keep, even here, in the future + +19:56.860 --> 20:00.060 +that came, her vagrant status. status. A + +20:00.060 --> 20:02.000 +cheap monk won't pop up and cross the + +20:02.000 --> 20:04.980 +path. No bird song is audible, nor + +20:04.980 --> 20:08.460 +moreover a motor. The future is a panacea + +20:08.460 --> 20:11.100 +against anything prone to repetition, and + +20:11.100 --> 20:12.600 +in the sky they're scattered like a + +20:12.600 --> 20:14.880 +bachelor's clothes. Clouds turned inside + +20:14.880 --> 20:18.340 +out, oppressed. It smells of conifer. This + +20:18.340 --> 20:20.020 +prickly substance of not so familiar + +20:20.020 --> 20:23.740 +places. Sculptures loom in the twilight, + +20:23.840 --> 20:25.980 +darkening thanks to the proximity to each + +20:25.980 --> 20:28.240 +other, thanks to the indifference of the + +20:28.240 --> 20:30.960 +surrounding landscape. Should any one of + +20:30.960 --> 20:33.380 +them speak, you would sigh, rather than + +20:33.380 --> 20:36.580 +gasp or shudder. Upon hearing well-known + +20:36.580 --> 20:38.660 +voices, hearing something like, the child + +20:38.660 --> 20:41.380 +wasn't yours, or true, I testified against + +20:41.380 --> 20:44.120 +him, but out of fear, not jealousy, petty, + +20:44.320 --> 20:46.840 +20-odd-year-old secrets of pure blind + +20:46.840 --> 20:49.520 +hearts, obsessed with a silly quest for + +20:49.520 --> 20:52.480 +power over their likes, the best ones + +20:52.480 --> 20:55.280 +among the worst ones, the executioners and + +20:55.280 --> 20:57.760 +the victims. It's good that someone else's + +20:57.760 --> 21:00.920 +memories interfere with your own. It's + +21:00.920 --> 21:02.720 +good that some of these figures to you + +21:02.720 --> 21:06.720 +appear alien. Their presence hints at + +21:06.720 --> 21:09.100 +different events, at a different sort of + +21:09.100 --> 21:11.080 +fate, perhaps not a better one, yet + +21:11.080 --> 21:13.420 +clearly the one that you missed. This + +21:13.420 --> 21:15.620 +unshackles memory more than imagination, + +21:16.040 --> 21:19.180 +not forever of course, but for a while, to + +21:19.180 --> 21:21.120 +learn that you've been deceived, It seems + +21:21.120 --> 21:23.840 +that you've been completely forgotten all + +21:23.840 --> 21:25.840 +the other way around, that you are still + +21:25.840 --> 21:28.680 +being hated is extremely unpleasant. But + +21:28.680 --> 21:31.340 +to regard yourself as the hub of even + +21:31.340 --> 21:34.020 +negligible universe, unbearable and + +21:34.020 --> 21:38.000 +indecent, a rare, perhaps the only visitor + +21:38.000 --> 21:41.360 +to these parts, I have, I suppose, a right + +21:41.360 --> 21:44.460 +to describe the observed. Here it is, our + +21:44.460 --> 21:47.960 +little Valhalla, our long-overgrown estate + +21:47.960 --> 21:51.380 +in time with a handful of mortgage souls + +21:51.380 --> 21:54.120 +with its meadows where sharpened sickle + +21:54.120 --> 21:56.980 +won't roam in all likelihood with abandon + +21:56.980 --> 22:00.820 +and where snowflakes float in the air as a + +22:00.820 --> 22:03.320 +good example of poise in a vacuum. + +22:08.420 --> 22:11.400 +Well, something lighter. + +22:20.740 --> 22:23.560 +The title of this poem is an epitaph for a + +22:23.560 --> 22:26.640 +centaur. You know, there's a half horse, + +22:26.700 --> 22:32.860 +half human creature. Richard. Epitaph for + +22:32.860 --> 22:33.380 +a centaur. + +22:37.460 --> 22:40.760 +To say that he was unhappy is either to + +22:40.760 --> 22:43.860 +say too much or too little, depending on + +22:43.860 --> 22:46.800 +who's the audience. Still, the smell he'd + +22:46.800 --> 22:49.420 +give off was a bit too odious, and his + +22:49.420 --> 22:52.640 +canter was also quite hard to match. He + +22:52.640 --> 22:54.740 +said they meant just a monument, but + +22:54.740 --> 22:57.040 +something went astray. The the womb, the + +22:57.040 --> 22:59.840 +assembly line, the economy, or else the + +22:59.840 --> 23:02.640 +war never happened. They befriended the + +23:02.640 --> 23:07.460 +enemy, and he was left... Well, let me + +23:07.460 --> 23:09.260 +start again, because it's kind of filled + +23:09.260 --> 23:09.520 +up. + +23:12.420 --> 23:15.000 +To say that he was unhappy is either to + +23:15.000 --> 23:18.080 +say too much or too little, depending on + +23:18.080 --> 23:20.760 +who's the audience. Still, the smell he'd + +23:20.760 --> 23:22.400 +give off was a bit too odious, and his + +23:22.400 --> 23:25.700 +canter was also quite hard to match. He + +23:25.700 --> 23:27.800 +said they meant just a monument, but + +23:27.800 --> 23:30.140 +something went astray. The womb, the + +23:30.140 --> 23:32.840 +assembly line, the economy. Where else the + +23:32.840 --> 23:34.860 +war never happened? They befriended the + +23:34.860 --> 23:36.820 +enemy, and he was left as it is, + +23:36.880 --> 23:38.600 +presumably to portray intransigence, + +23:38.860 --> 23:41.180 +incompatibility, that sort of thing which + +23:41.180 --> 23:43.240 +proves not so much one's uniqueness or + +23:43.240 --> 23:45.880 +virtue, but probability. For years, + +23:45.960 --> 23:48.920 +resembling a cloud, he wandered in olive + +23:48.920 --> 23:52.140 +groves, marveling at one-leggedness, the + +23:52.140 --> 23:54.640 +mother of immobility, learned to lie to + +23:54.640 --> 23:57.720 +himself and turned it into an art for want + +23:57.720 --> 24:00.620 +of a better company, also to check his + +24:00.620 --> 24:03.580 +sanity. And he died fairly young because + +24:03.580 --> 24:05.580 +his animal part turned out to be less + +24:05.580 --> 24:07.140 +durable than his humanity. + +24:15.720 --> 24:18.780 +I understand we like short and simple + +24:18.780 --> 24:19.720 +stuff, don't we? + +24:25.720 --> 24:29.940 +Okay, here's one example of that. One + +24:29.940 --> 24:30.160 +more. + +24:33.760 --> 24:34.560 +A song. + +24:38.220 --> 24:42.400 +I wish you were here, dear. I wish you + +24:42.400 --> 24:46.520 +were here. I wish you sat on the sofa and + +24:46.520 --> 24:49.380 +I sat near. The handkerchief could be + +24:49.380 --> 24:52.440 +yours. The tear could be mine, chin bound + +24:52.440 --> 24:54.320 +Though it could be, of course, the other + +24:54.320 --> 24:57.820 +way around I wish you were here, dear I + +24:57.820 --> 25:01.460 +wish you were here I wish we were in my + +25:01.460 --> 25:04.560 +car And you'd shift the gear We'd find + +25:04.560 --> 25:07.920 +ourselves elsewhere On an unknown shore Or + +25:07.920 --> 25:09.480 +else we'd repair to where we've been + +25:09.480 --> 25:13.380 +before I wish you were here, dear I wish + +25:13.380 --> 25:16.140 +you were here I wish I knew no astronomy + +25:16.140 --> 25:19.540 +When stars appear When the moon skims the + +25:19.540 --> 25:22.340 +water that sighs and shifts in its lumber. + +25:22.700 --> 25:25.020 +I wish it were still a quarter to dial + +25:25.020 --> 25:27.780 +your number. I wish you were here, dear, + +25:28.040 --> 25:31.740 +in this hemisphere. As I sit on the porch, + +25:31.820 --> 25:35.480 +sipping a beer. It's evening, the sun is + +25:35.480 --> 25:38.900 +setting, boys shout and girls are crying. + +25:39.320 --> 25:41.560 +What's the point of forgetting if it's + +25:41.560 --> 25:42.340 +followed by dying? + +25:53.700 --> 25:56.780 +The title of this poem is Lines for the + +25:56.780 --> 26:01.680 +Winter Recess. It's for the recess of the + +26:01.680 --> 26:04.020 +Congress, of the US Congress. Well, I + +26:04.020 --> 26:05.660 +spent indeed the last year in Washington, + +26:05.960 --> 26:11.120 +and here's the sort of a byproduct, if you + +26:11.120 --> 26:16.260 +will. Though the best, I think, outcome of + +26:16.260 --> 26:18.760 +a year spent in Washington in the Library + +26:18.760 --> 26:21.700 +of Congress was the following two-liner, + +26:21.800 --> 26:24.380 +of which I'm terribly proud. It goes like + +26:24.380 --> 26:29.100 +this. I sit at my desk. My life is + +26:29.100 --> 26:29.700 +grotesque. + +26:34.180 --> 26:34.740 +Okay. + +26:38.520 --> 26:39.120 +Okay. + +26:41.640 --> 26:45.840 +Lines for the winter recess. Well, it + +26:45.840 --> 26:47.660 +starts with a description, with somewhat + +26:47.660 --> 26:50.160 +fanciful, perhaps some of you, description + +26:50.160 --> 26:52.240 +of the capital in winter. + +26:56.160 --> 26:59.620 +A hard-boiled egg, cupped by the marble + +26:59.620 --> 27:03.780 +cold, cracks showing its evening yoke. The + +27:03.780 --> 27:06.260 +infinite avenue gobbles up cubes, + +27:06.440 --> 27:09.420 +rhomboids perlilipipeds, with preglacial + +27:09.420 --> 27:12.600 +appetite and simile in geometry. A + +27:12.600 --> 27:14.580 +snowbound airfield is lapping the neither + +27:14.580 --> 27:17.400 +milk nor honey of the meandering local + +27:17.400 --> 27:20.140 +river, sluggish, reluctant to make the + +27:20.140 --> 27:23.180 +ocean. Gentlemen, these are the good old + +27:23.180 --> 27:25.960 +days. Your toxic up on the highway still + +27:25.960 --> 27:28.980 +overtakes a hearse. A wolf flies down + +27:28.980 --> 27:31.600 +eagerly with a lamb or lame duck, sighting + +27:31.600 --> 27:34.080 +low temperature, green hues survive + +27:34.080 --> 27:37.000 +nevertheless in the streetlights. The mow + +27:37.000 --> 27:39.900 +unbundles things overseas, the richer ones + +27:39.900 --> 27:42.460 +cuisine, and if stocks don't shoot up any + +27:42.460 --> 27:44.600 +longer like obelisks, they still bear + +27:44.600 --> 27:48.160 +resemblance to dory columns holding a + +27:48.160 --> 27:50.220 +portico tight while beggars murder + +27:50.220 --> 27:54.500 +beggars. Lyrical and myopic stars blink in + +27:54.500 --> 27:57.200 +the winter sky like suburbia after hours, + +27:57.440 --> 28:00.220 +full of prayers sensitive to elapse in + +28:00.220 --> 28:02.620 +gravity but unconscious of its limits in + +28:02.620 --> 28:05.680 +fact quite expanding and yet the future + +28:05.680 --> 28:08.620 +surrounding your tender issue with + +28:08.620 --> 28:11.260 +bathroom tiles from onana Republic or + +28:11.260 --> 28:13.640 +manufactured locally is nowhere inside + +28:13.640 --> 28:17.280 +this are the good old days still with the + +28:17.280 --> 28:19.320 +quaint attractions with the unfinished + +28:19.320 --> 28:22.440 +business since frankly even a single swarm + +28:22.440 --> 28:25.600 +equals two in profile which which foils + +28:25.600 --> 28:27.760 +reflection if not applause, sincere + +28:27.760 --> 28:31.100 +window, past midnight, gleams, like a + +28:31.100 --> 28:32.900 +Chinaman scanning the yellow pages, + +28:33.120 --> 28:35.720 +stalling dreams, with their routine flat + +28:35.720 --> 28:39.920 +tire, with red meat curting knives, or a + +28:39.920 --> 28:41.420 +pasture, its herbivores. + +28:44.400 --> 28:49.460 +And here's something different. Well, it's + +28:49.460 --> 28:53.380 +a song of welcome. I should have read it + +28:53.380 --> 28:57.660 +at the beginning. Song of welcome. + +29:04.760 --> 29:07.260 +Here is your mom, here is your dad, + +29:07.520 --> 29:11.820 +welcome to being they flesh and blood, why + +29:11.820 --> 29:14.760 +do you look so sad? Here's your food, + +29:14.960 --> 29:18.120 +here's your drink, also some thoughts if + +29:18.120 --> 29:19.800 +you care to think, welcome Welcome to + +29:19.800 --> 29:22.380 +everything. Here's your practically clean + +29:22.380 --> 29:25.020 +slate. Welcome to it, though it's kind of + +29:25.020 --> 29:28.560 +late. Welcome at any rate. Here's your + +29:28.560 --> 29:31.140 +paycheck. Here's your rent. Money is + +29:31.140 --> 29:33.180 +nature's fifth element. Welcome to every + +29:33.180 --> 29:35.900 +cent. Here's your swarm and your huge + +29:35.900 --> 29:39.520 +beehive. Welcome to that there is roughly + +29:39.520 --> 29:43.300 +five billion like you alive. Welcome to + +29:43.300 --> 29:44.740 +the phone book that stars your name. + +29:45.460 --> 29:47.940 +Digits are democracy's secret aim. welcome + +29:47.940 --> 29:50.700 +to a claim to fame. Here's your marriage + +29:50.700 --> 29:53.440 +and here's divorce. Now that's the order + +29:53.440 --> 29:55.620 +you can't reverse, welcome to it, up + +29:55.620 --> 29:58.980 +yours. Here's your blade, here's your + +29:58.980 --> 30:01.700 +blade, here's your wrist, welcome to + +30:01.700 --> 30:03.920 +playing your own terrorist, call this your + +30:03.920 --> 30:06.180 +Middle East. Here's your mirror, your + +30:06.180 --> 30:08.860 +dental gleam, here's an octopus in your + +30:08.860 --> 30:12.100 +dream, why do you try to scream? Here's + +30:12.100 --> 30:14.620 +your corncob, your TV set, your Your + +30:14.620 --> 30:17.320 +candidate suffering and upset, welcome to + +30:17.320 --> 30:20.040 +what he said. Here's your porch, see the + +30:20.040 --> 30:23.700 +cars pass by. Here's your shitting dog's + +30:23.700 --> 30:27.200 +guilty eye, welcome to its alibi. Here's + +30:27.200 --> 30:30.680 +your cicadas, the ,, the bulbs dried tear + +30:30.680 --> 30:33.380 +in your lemon tea, welcome to infinity. + +30:34.260 --> 30:36.260 +Here are your pills on the plastic tray, + +30:36.920 --> 30:40.140 +your disappointing crisp x-ray, you are + +30:40.140 --> 30:42.900 +welcome to pray. Here's your cemetery, a + +30:42.900 --> 30:45.580 +well-kept glen, Welcome to a voice that + +30:45.580 --> 30:49.200 +says, Amen The end of the road, old man + +30:49.740 --> 30:52.340 +Here's your will, and here's a few takers + +30:52.340 --> 30:55.720 +Here's an empty pew, here's life after you + +30:56.240 --> 30:58.400 +And here are your stars, which appear + +30:58.400 --> 31:01.260 +still keen On shining as though you have + +31:01.260 --> 31:03.340 +never been They might have a point, old + +31:03.340 --> 31:06.220 +being Here's your afterlife, with no trace + +31:06.220 --> 31:09.260 +of you Especially of your face Welcome, + +31:09.420 --> 31:11.900 +and call it space Welcome to where one + +31:11.900 --> 31:14.020 +cannot breathe wreath. This way space + +31:14.020 --> 31:17.280 +resembles what's underneath and Saturn + +31:17.280 --> 31:18.700 +holds the wreath. + +31:28.920 --> 31:31.160 +I'm going to read to you a shorter poem + +31:31.160 --> 31:36.800 +now and I read to you both in English and + +31:36.800 --> 31:46.360 +in Russian if I can find... Well, + +31:48.260 --> 31:52.800 +it's called Breeze Marine. It's obviously, + +31:52.960 --> 31:54.560 +the title is obviously pinched from + +31:54.560 --> 31:55.040 +Mallarmé. + +31:58.540 --> 32:02.720 +Dear, I ventured out of the house late + +32:02.720 --> 32:05.320 +this this evening, merely for a breath of + +32:05.320 --> 32:09.000 +fresh air from the ocean not far away. The + +32:09.000 --> 32:11.200 +sun was smoldering low like a Chinese fan + +32:11.200 --> 32:14.240 +in a gallery, and a cloud reared up its + +32:14.240 --> 32:17.400 +huge lid like a Steinway. A quarter + +32:17.400 --> 32:20.840 +century back, you craved curry and dates + +32:20.840 --> 32:23.120 +from Senegal, tried your voice for the + +32:23.120 --> 32:25.780 +stage, scratched profiles in a sketch pad, + +32:26.340 --> 32:29.500 +dallied with me, but later, alloyed with a + +32:29.500 --> 32:31.360 +chemical engineer and judging by letters + +32:31.360 --> 32:34.560 +grew fairly stupid. These days you've been + +32:34.560 --> 32:37.380 +seen in churches, in the capital, and in + +32:37.380 --> 32:40.200 +provinces. At rights for our friends, + +32:40.240 --> 32:43.400 +acquaintances now continues. Yet I'm glad + +32:43.400 --> 32:45.600 +after all that the world still promises + +32:45.600 --> 32:48.480 +distances more inconceivable than the one + +32:48.480 --> 32:50.840 +between us. Understand me correctly + +32:50.840 --> 32:53.540 +though, your body, your verbal, your + +32:53.540 --> 32:56.160 +middle name now stir practically nothing. + +32:56.460 --> 32:59.080 +Not that they've ceased to burgeon, but to + +32:59.080 --> 33:01.900 +forget one life. A man needs at minimum + +33:01.900 --> 33:04.600 +one more life and I've done that portion. + +33:05.100 --> 33:08.680 +You got luck as well. Whales save in a + +33:08.680 --> 33:11.320 +snapshot perhaps. Will you forever remain + +33:11.320 --> 33:14.680 +free of wrinkles, lithe, caustic, vivid. + +33:15.060 --> 33:17.880 +Having bumped into memory, time learns + +33:17.880 --> 33:21.720 +impotence. Aptide, I I smoke in the + +33:21.720 --> 33:24.420 +darkness and inhale rank seaweed. + +33:31.900 --> 33:36.000 +Actually, I ruined the line here. Well, it + +33:36.000 --> 33:39.220 +went, having bumped into memory, time + +33:39.220 --> 33:43.500 +learns its impotence. For what it's worth, + +33:43.640 --> 33:48.140 +I repeated it. Well, the same poem is in + +33:48.140 --> 33:48.480 +Russian. + +33:51.460 --> 33:54.780 +Dear, I came out of my house late in the + +33:54.780 --> 33:58.400 +evening To breathe fresh air from the + +33:58.400 --> 34:01.160 +ocean The sunset was burning in the ground + +34:01.160 --> 34:04.000 +with a Chinese wind And the clouds were + +34:04.000 --> 34:07.540 +like a cover of a concert piano A quarter + +34:07.540 --> 34:09.840 +of a century ago You were eating with + +34:09.840 --> 34:11.560 +passion to the lullaby and to the phoenix + +34:11.560 --> 34:13.960 +You were drawing clouds in a notebook, + +34:14.380 --> 34:17.260 +singing a little You were having fun with + +34:17.260 --> 34:18.460 +me, but then you got together + +34:31.540 --> 34:31.900 +Thank you. + +34:48.460 --> 34:51.240 +No one destroyed them. But to forget one + +34:51.240 --> 34:54.600 +life, A person needs at least one more + +34:54.600 --> 34:57.740 +life. And I lived this fate. You were + +34:57.740 --> 35:01.120 +lucky too. Where else, except for the + +35:01.120 --> 35:04.600 +photos, You will always be without + +35:04.600 --> 35:08.580 +wrinkles, Young, cheerful, gloomy. For + +35:08.580 --> 35:12.120 +time, colliding with memory, Learns about + +35:12.120 --> 35:15.560 +its infidelity. I drink in the dark and + +35:15.560 --> 35:17.740 +inhale the rot from the lava. + +35:26.440 --> 35:29.220 +Now you are, I'm afraid indeed for a long + +35:29.220 --> 35:35.480 +haul. Well, I, it's + +35:35.480 --> 35:38.400 +a lengthy poem. It's titled Found the + +35:38.400 --> 35:47.640 +Circle. circle. And it's + +35:47.640 --> 35:49.620 +a lengthy poem indeed, so try to bear with + +35:49.620 --> 35:49.820 +me. + +36:01.780 --> 36:05.620 +The century will soon be over, but sooner + +36:05.620 --> 36:08.720 +it will be me. That's not the message, + +36:08.760 --> 36:11.540 +though, of a trembling knee, rather the + +36:11.540 --> 36:14.460 +influence of not to be, on to be, of the + +36:14.460 --> 36:18.200 +hunter upon, so to speak, his fowl, be + +36:18.200 --> 36:20.340 +that one's heart valve or a red brick + +36:20.340 --> 36:23.820 +wall. We hear the whiplash's foul whistle + +36:24.480 --> 36:26.720 +recalling vainly the surnames of those who + +36:26.720 --> 36:29.900 +have loved us back, writhing in the + +36:29.900 --> 36:33.120 +slippery palms of the local quack. The + +36:33.120 --> 36:35.200 +world has just lost the knack of being the + +36:35.200 --> 36:37.760 +place where a sofa, a foxtrot, a + +36:37.760 --> 36:40.680 +lampshade's cream-trimming abodes, a risky + +36:40.680 --> 36:43.120 +utterance reigns supreme. Who could + +36:43.120 --> 36:45.800 +foresee time's grim eraser razor, wiping + +36:45.800 --> 36:47.840 +them off like some chicken scroll from an + +36:47.840 --> 36:51.160 +old pad. Nobody, not a soul, yet time's + +36:51.160 --> 36:53.640 +shuffling soul has accomplished just that. + +36:54.100 --> 36:57.480 +Censurate, go ahead. Now everywhere the + +36:57.480 --> 37:01.720 +antennas, ping-pongs, stumps instead of + +37:01.720 --> 37:05.820 +trees. No chance of your sporting at a + +37:05.820 --> 37:08.360 +little café, your confrère, ruined by + +37:08.360 --> 37:10.840 +kismet. Nor at the bar, the silk-clad + +37:10.840 --> 37:13.600 +angel who failed to soar above herself and + +37:13.600 --> 37:16.240 +her whiskey sour on ice. And all over the + +37:16.240 --> 37:19.320 +place people obscure their view. Now + +37:19.320 --> 37:22.120 +forming a solid mass, now a lengthy queue. + +37:22.480 --> 37:25.000 +A tyrant's no longer a bugaboo but a plain + +37:25.000 --> 37:27.840 +mediocrity. Likewise, a car, at last, + +37:27.940 --> 37:30.340 +isn't a luxury but the means of extracting + +37:30.340 --> 37:32.980 +dust out of the street where the cast iron + +37:32.980 --> 37:35.340 +leg of a veteran fell silent for good, of + +37:35.340 --> 37:38.180 +course, and the child is convinced that + +37:38.180 --> 37:41.840 +the gray wolf is worse than infantry or + +37:41.840 --> 37:45.140 +the Air Force. And somehow your hanky, + +37:45.220 --> 37:47.500 +bypassing your nose more and more often, + +37:47.660 --> 37:50.460 +leaps to your organ of sight, trained on + +37:50.460 --> 37:52.800 +rustling leaves, taking personally the + +37:52.800 --> 37:55.340 +least new gap in the emptiness shielding + +37:55.340 --> 37:58.680 +fence, the letters E.D. heralding the past + +37:58.680 --> 38:01.760 +tense, an aria of suspense sung by a + +38:01.760 --> 38:04.500 +cuckoo's voice. Now it sounds more crude + +38:04.500 --> 38:07.000 +than say, Cavaradossis, approximately + +38:07.000 --> 38:10.420 +like, like hey dude, or at best like you + +38:10.420 --> 38:12.660 +should quit drinking. And your limp palm + +38:12.660 --> 38:15.620 +glides over the decanter's skin. Though + +38:15.620 --> 38:17.200 +it's neither the priest nor the rabbi + +38:17.200 --> 38:19.960 +that's barging in but the air called from + +38:19.960 --> 38:22.680 +the circle. Black things are in vogue, + +38:22.740 --> 38:26.380 +camisole, bloomers, hoes. When in the end + +38:26.380 --> 38:28.520 +you relieve your playmate of those items, + +38:28.600 --> 38:31.820 +your humble house suddenly gets lit up by + +38:31.820 --> 38:34.540 +something like 20 watt. But instead of an + +38:34.540 --> 38:37.420 +exuberant vivat, the leaves drop a flat + +38:37.420 --> 38:41.080 +sorry new times lamentable sorry times + +38:41.080 --> 38:45.340 +goods and shop windows spurting nicknames + +38:45.340 --> 38:48.040 +entice us into telling the types of things + +38:48.040 --> 38:50.280 +which are managed easily from the kinds + +38:50.280 --> 38:53.680 +which we technological become behind now + +38:53.680 --> 38:56.060 +equate to mankind's ancient quest not so + +38:56.060 --> 38:57.860 +much for something that lets you save + +38:57.860 --> 39:02.060 +energy as one inanimate sort of slave on + +39:02.060 --> 39:04.700 +the whole for safe anonymity that's the + +39:04.700 --> 39:06.920 +the logical, though unwelcome end of + +39:06.920 --> 39:09.800 +multiplying, of the demographic trend who + +39:09.800 --> 39:12.540 +sources neither the Orient nor zippers but + +39:12.540 --> 39:15.180 +electricity. The centuries winding down + +39:15.180 --> 39:18.880 +the rush of time, demanding a ruin a + +39:18.880 --> 39:23.640 +victim rejects a trash bag and a man won't + +39:23.640 --> 39:27.040 +wash either. No, give it sentiments, give + +39:27.040 --> 39:30.100 +it ideas plus memories, such as time's a + +39:30.100 --> 39:33.200 +last sweet tooth. Well, I make no fuss and + +39:33.200 --> 39:35.820 +and give, I am not yellow, I am ready to + +39:35.820 --> 39:37.940 +play a thing of the past, if that's so + +39:37.940 --> 39:40.560 +interesting to time, lying absentmindedly + +39:40.560 --> 39:43.480 +over its shoulder, its measly couch, which + +39:43.480 --> 39:45.420 +still shows some movement, though not much + +39:45.420 --> 39:48.020 +else, and is still warm to touch. I am + +39:48.020 --> 39:50.620 +ready to sing for good in them shifting + +39:50.620 --> 39:53.940 +sands, and I am prepared that a traveler + +39:53.940 --> 39:56.960 +shambling by won't focus the beady eye of + +39:56.960 --> 39:59.200 +his camera on me, and that he won't + +39:59.200 --> 40:01.280 +succumb to some powerful feeling on my + +40:01.280 --> 40:04.260 +account. It It so happens, I can't stand, + +40:04.380 --> 40:07.000 +I can't stand time that moves on. Time + +40:07.000 --> 40:09.540 +that stands still, I still can't stand. + +40:09.780 --> 40:12.260 +Like a solid facade whose style echoes now + +40:12.260 --> 40:15.080 +a stockpile, now a chessboard. The century + +40:15.080 --> 40:18.360 +was indeed not so bad. Well, perhaps the + +40:18.360 --> 40:20.720 +dead run a surplus. Yet the living did + +40:20.720 --> 40:23.820 +just that as well. So substantially, in + +40:23.820 --> 40:26.000 +fact, that presently they could be + +40:26.000 --> 40:27.480 +pickled, packed, and sealed to attract + +40:27.480 --> 40:29.680 +stellar customers known for their grand + +40:29.680 --> 40:31.500 +deep-freeze machinery. machinery, unless + +40:31.500 --> 40:33.380 +of course they insist on cheese, which + +40:33.380 --> 40:35.800 +could be visible is arranged, the holes in + +40:35.800 --> 40:37.960 +the collective memory are the proof. To + +40:37.960 --> 40:40.100 +the accompaniment of air crashes in not + +40:40.100 --> 40:43.840 +far off spots, the century ends, a prof + +40:43.840 --> 40:46.920 +mumbles, poking his finger upward, about + +40:46.920 --> 40:49.400 +the atmosphere's layers, expanding the + +40:49.400 --> 40:51.540 +heat, explaining the heat and attendant + +40:51.540 --> 40:55.460 +fears, but not how one steers from here, + +40:55.660 --> 40:58.680 +to where the cumulus bulky a frond is + +40:58.680 --> 41:00.840 +suffused with our forgive and don't + +41:00.840 --> 41:02.760 +forsake me which don't the ray + +41:02.760 --> 41:05.920 +interchanging is gold into some silver row + +41:05.920 --> 41:08.820 +yet the century rummaging through its + +41:08.820 --> 41:12.400 +bureau treats as retro even that well + +41:12.400 --> 41:15.380 +small wonder the more it ticks and tocks + +41:15.380 --> 41:18.540 +the busier young digs the more the + +41:18.540 --> 41:21.020 +antiques and relics including the planet + +41:21.020 --> 41:23.940 +stuck in its orbit and curting a sitting + +41:23.940 --> 41:25.940 +duck the runaway cool the suck of a a + +41:25.940 --> 41:29.040 +comet, including the dog-ear files of the + +41:29.040 --> 41:31.460 +fallen giant, since every bullet flies + +41:31.460 --> 41:33.700 +from the future which plies its urgent + +41:33.700 --> 41:36.120 +trade with the present and thus needs room + +41:36.120 --> 41:40.360 +now. Therefore, no heirloom lasts in the + +41:40.360 --> 41:43.540 +dolyard bloom for long. At the North Pole, + +41:44.500 --> 41:48.320 +a husky barks and a flag still twists. In + +41:48.320 --> 41:50.220 +the West, they stare eastward through + +41:50.220 --> 41:53.160 +their clenched fists, making out at least + +41:53.160 --> 41:56.260 +some barks, gone suddenly lively, spooked + +41:56.260 --> 41:59.740 +by the forest of hands, birds too, flutter + +41:59.740 --> 42:02.000 +and then take wing rapidly, heading due + +42:02.000 --> 42:05.600 +south to its valleys, to its minarets, + +42:05.620 --> 42:08.800 +turbans, palm trees, and further down, tom + +42:08.800 --> 42:12.000 +-tom row, tom-toms row. But the longer you + +42:12.000 --> 42:14.440 +scan strange features, the more they go + +42:14.440 --> 42:17.000 +you. You conclude that all over the place, + +42:17.180 --> 42:20.700 +the kinship between plain old dirt and say + +42:20.700 --> 42:23.020 +a great painting of the classical sort + +42:23.020 --> 42:25.380 +lies in that you won't hurt either's + +42:25.380 --> 42:29.280 +original ever. That nature, like minstrels + +42:29.280 --> 42:32.480 +of yesteryear, longing for carbons, like + +42:32.480 --> 42:35.160 +thalamus holding dear black letters, like + +42:35.160 --> 42:37.800 +a honeybee near its hive, truly cherishes + +42:37.800 --> 42:41.120 +the mass scale, profuse outputs, dreading + +42:41.120 --> 42:43.660 +uniqueness for its abuse of energy, whose + +42:43.660 --> 42:47.180 +best guardian is licentiousness. Space is + +42:47.180 --> 42:49.740 +fully settled, time is welcome to rub + +42:49.740 --> 42:55.820 +against its new surface. I'm sure space is + +42:55.820 --> 42:58.320 +fully settled, time is welcome to rub + +42:58.320 --> 43:00.340 +against its new surface. I'm sure + +43:00.340 --> 43:03.200 +indefinitely, all the same, your eyelid is + +43:03.200 --> 43:07.060 +drooping, only the seas alone remain + +43:07.060 --> 43:10.160 +unruffled and bloom, telling the dawn, go + +43:10.160 --> 43:14.100 +on, which sounds from afar like gone, And + +43:14.100 --> 43:16.920 +upon hearing that, one wants to quit one's + +43:16.920 --> 43:20.380 +travail, Shoveling, digging, and board a + +43:20.380 --> 43:23.080 +steamship, And sail, and sail, in order to + +43:23.080 --> 43:25.900 +hail in the end, Not an island, not an + +43:25.900 --> 43:28.520 +organism, lineus never found, Not the + +43:28.520 --> 43:30.860 +charms of new latitudes, but the other way + +43:30.860 --> 43:33.380 +around, Something of no account. + +43:44.240 --> 43:47.640 +Let me see what else is here. Something + +43:47.640 --> 43:48.120 +short. + +44:07.940 --> 44:11.940 +It's a bit early for this poem. + +44:23.000 --> 44:27.240 +It's a very simple poem. It's the Star of + +44:27.240 --> 44:27.640 +Nativity. + +44:32.160 --> 44:35.180 +In the cold season, in a locality + +44:35.180 --> 44:38.120 +accustomed to heat more than to cold, To + +44:38.120 --> 44:40.960 +horizontality more than to a mountain, A + +44:40.960 --> 44:43.660 +child was born in a cave in order to save + +44:43.660 --> 44:47.220 +the world. It blew as only in deserts, in + +44:47.220 --> 44:51.160 +winter it blows athwart. To him all things + +44:51.160 --> 44:55.000 +seemed enormous, His mother's breast, the + +44:55.000 --> 44:57.580 +steam out of the ox's nostrils, Kaspar, + +44:57.780 --> 45:00.060 +Baltazar, Melchior, the team of Magi, + +45:00.220 --> 45:03.100 +Their presence heaped by the door, ajar. + +45:03.100 --> 45:06.620 +He was but a dot, and a dot was the star, + +45:06.800 --> 45:10.680 +keenly, without blinking, through pallid, + +45:10.680 --> 45:13.280 +stray clouds, upon a child in the manger, + +45:13.500 --> 45:16.360 +from far away, from the depth of the + +45:16.360 --> 45:19.380 +universe, from its opposite end, the star + +45:19.380 --> 45:21.980 +was looking into the cave, and that was + +45:21.980 --> 45:23.260 +the father's stare. There. + +46:20.700 --> 46:23.000 +Music from Blu-ray + +46:36.180 --> 46:39.140 +Well, I'm going to read to you two more + +46:39.140 --> 46:43.300 +poems. Oh, well, I'm going to read you one + +46:43.300 --> 46:44.920 +more, well, several more poems. + +46:49.100 --> 46:51.760 +Now I think you've displayed enough + +46:51.760 --> 46:53.840 +patience. and you deserve to be + +46:53.840 --> 46:54.300 +entertained. + +46:58.880 --> 47:03.520 +Okay. Well, this is what you're going to + +47:03.520 --> 47:06.700 +hear. It's essentially a translation. + +47:10.400 --> 47:14.680 +I translated this poem into English from, + +47:14.720 --> 47:17.700 +believe it or not, from a Sumerian + +47:17.700 --> 47:19.380 +language, from Akkadian to be precise. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tw602gm2722_a_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tw602gm2722_a_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2687f83 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tw602gm2722_a_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,2465 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:00.000 --> 00:03.020 +One in the middle that's taken. One over + +00:03.020 --> 00:05.820 +here, two over here. Maybe people in the + +00:05.820 --> 00:06.700 +aisles can move in. + +00:15.080 --> 00:18.080 +Any more? A couple over here. + +00:31.200 --> 00:33.880 +My name is Wanda Korn. I'm director of the + +00:33.880 --> 00:36.500 +Stanford Humanities Center. It's the + +00:36.500 --> 00:38.820 +Stanford Humanities Center, which is a + +00:38.820 --> 00:41.440 +research institute on campus dedicated to + +00:41.440 --> 00:43.700 +arts and letters, that has been hosting + +00:43.700 --> 00:45.640 +Joseph Brodsky's visit here this week. + +00:46.220 --> 00:48.980 +This is the last of four public + +00:48.980 --> 00:53.360 +presentations and many more informal ones + +00:53.360 --> 00:56.140 +that Mr. Brodsky has made on campus this + +00:56.140 --> 00:59.300 +week. In fact, as a matter of curiosity, I + +00:59.300 --> 01:00.940 +wonder how many of you in the audience + +01:00.940 --> 01:03.800 +tonight have attended another event with + +01:03.800 --> 01:10.020 +our visitor this week. Thank you. For + +01:10.020 --> 01:11.920 +those of you who have been able to hear + +01:11.920 --> 01:15.000 +Mr. Brodsky this week, each time on a + +01:15.000 --> 01:17.680 +different subject, I'm sure you would + +01:17.680 --> 01:19.420 +agree that there is something very special + +01:19.420 --> 01:21.480 +and unusual about about having the + +01:21.480 --> 01:24.820 +opportunity to hear a gifted person give, + +01:24.920 --> 01:27.280 +as it were, different pieces of himself in + +01:27.280 --> 01:31.320 +a concentrated period of time. While an + +01:31.320 --> 01:34.620 +exhausting marathon for our speaker, it is + +01:34.620 --> 01:36.700 +extremely enriching for those on campus. + +01:37.200 --> 01:40.500 +And by way of introduction, I want to tell + +01:40.500 --> 01:43.140 +you how Joseph Brodsky's visit came about. + +01:43.140 --> 01:47.420 +out. If you've read your program, you know + +01:47.420 --> 01:49.400 +that Rhoda and Elliot Leventhal + +01:49.400 --> 01:52.320 +established a new endowment last year at + +01:52.320 --> 01:55.140 +the Stanford Humanities Center, one that + +01:55.140 --> 01:57.420 +they specially designed to bring to campus + +01:57.420 --> 02:00.640 +persons of significant achievement in + +02:00.640 --> 02:03.860 +humanities and world affairs. It was the + +02:03.860 --> 02:05.980 +Leventhal's idea that this visitor should + +02:05.980 --> 02:08.320 +not just come, give a lecture or reading, + +02:08.480 --> 02:11.160 +and go, but rather to stay long enough on + +02:11.160 --> 02:13.080 +campus to have significant interaction + +02:13.080 --> 02:16.080 +with students, faculty, and others in the + +02:16.080 --> 02:19.620 +Stanford community. Joseph Brodsky has + +02:19.620 --> 02:21.600 +been the first Leventhal distinguished + +02:22.010 --> 02:24.960 +visitor and a most generous visitor he has + +02:24.960 --> 02:28.720 +been. Listening to his presentations has + +02:28.720 --> 02:30.380 +been rather like absorbing a cubist + +02:30.380 --> 02:33.460 +painting, a new facet or layer building + +02:33.460 --> 02:35.480 +each day into into a fuller portrait. + +02:36.820 --> 02:39.040 +Monday, the Mount Holyoke teacher of + +02:39.040 --> 02:41.820 +literature. Tuesday, the meditative + +02:41.820 --> 02:44.380 +essayist that we read in the New Republic + +02:44.380 --> 02:45.920 +and the New York Review of Books. + +02:46.900 --> 02:49.400 +Wednesday, the seasoned and mature poet + +02:49.740 --> 02:52.420 +talking about his craft. And tonight, + +02:52.620 --> 02:55.280 +Thursday, the Nobel Prize winning poet and + +02:55.280 --> 02:57.480 +fifth poet laureate of the United States. + +02:58.820 --> 03:02.600 +I'm reminded at the end of this week of + +03:02.600 --> 03:05.320 +one of the qualities Mr. Brodsky said he + +03:05.320 --> 03:08.100 +admired in the poetry of Thomas Hardy and + +03:08.100 --> 03:10.980 +Robert Frost a quality called expansive + +03:10.980 --> 03:14.060 +motion. The expansive motion of a line. + +03:14.280 --> 03:17.440 +It's continually opening out. It's a + +03:17.440 --> 03:20.660 +similar expansiveness and unfolding that + +03:20.660 --> 03:22.560 +so many of us have experienced this week + +03:22.560 --> 03:26.120 +in the man himself. So in your welcoming + +03:26.120 --> 03:28.620 +applause I hope you will pay tribute + +03:28.620 --> 03:31.700 +tonight not only to the poet, artist, + +03:31.940 --> 03:34.340 +teacher, philosopher who will read for us + +03:34.340 --> 03:37.180 +this evening, but also include a thank you + +03:37.180 --> 03:39.660 +to the Leventhals who made it possible for + +03:39.660 --> 03:42.320 +him to spend this full week at Stanford. + +03:42.580 --> 03:45.120 +Thank you, Joseph. Thank you, Rhoda and + +03:45.120 --> 03:45.360 +Elliot. + +04:03.560 --> 04:04.360 +Thank you. + +04:08.320 --> 04:09.000 +Good evening. + +04:14.300 --> 04:17.580 +We'll be here for about one hour, and in + +04:17.580 --> 04:20.200 +the course of that hour, I'm going to read + +04:20.200 --> 04:23.680 +you a few poems. Most of them I'll read to + +04:23.680 --> 04:25.000 +you in English, but three or four, + +04:25.080 --> 04:27.780 +presumably, I will read both in English + +04:27.780 --> 04:31.060 +and in Russian. I wish actually it were + +04:31.060 --> 04:35.960 +the other way around because English is + +04:35.960 --> 04:38.140 +far from being my mother tongue and well, + +04:38.280 --> 04:42.180 +there's plenty of accent in it. So the + +04:42.180 --> 04:46.720 +only thing I can, well, I cannot hope for + +04:46.720 --> 04:50.120 +you is your indulgence and I'll try to do + +04:50.120 --> 04:53.420 +my level best. + +04:57.440 --> 05:02.040 +Well, I would like to start. I'm not so + +05:02.040 --> 05:06.200 +sure that this is a true thing that I'm + +05:06.200 --> 05:07.620 +trying to say that I would like to start. + +05:07.880 --> 05:09.600 +Actually, I wouldn't like to start at all. + +05:15.300 --> 05:18.480 +But I think I would like, I think I will + +05:18.480 --> 05:20.680 +start with the poem. + +05:23.680 --> 05:26.680 +It's a somewhat oldish poem. It's the + +05:26.680 --> 05:30.080 +title of this poem is Letters from the + +05:30.080 --> 05:33.500 +Ming Dynasty. It consists of two parts. + +05:34.100 --> 05:35.380 +Obviously, Obviously these are not the + +05:35.380 --> 05:39.620 +real letters, it's a stylization. The + +05:39.620 --> 05:44.880 +poem, the first part is a letter by a + +05:44.880 --> 05:50.520 +woman by Kurtier, something like a lady in + +05:50.520 --> 05:54.000 +waiting to her traveling faraway husband. + +05:54.720 --> 05:56.980 +And the second poem is the husband's + +05:56.980 --> 05:59.920 +presumed reply. Oh, you ought to know for + +05:59.920 --> 06:04.740 +the purposes of the poem. well, I mean for + +06:04.740 --> 06:06.380 +the purposes of better grasping what's + +06:06.380 --> 06:08.480 +going on is that while the Ming Dynasty is + +06:08.480 --> 06:12.520 +about the most cruel dynasty in the + +06:12.520 --> 06:15.280 +history of China, it was awfully good on + +06:15.280 --> 06:17.540 +the artifacts as well. The red Ming vases + +06:17.540 --> 06:21.480 +are justly famous. The expression land + +06:21.480 --> 06:25.760 +under heaven stands for, it's a euphemism + +06:25.760 --> 06:28.140 +for the celestial empire, which is in its + +06:28.140 --> 06:32.120 +own right, the euphemic name for China and + +06:32.120 --> 06:36.000 +the word Li is something like one-third of + +06:36.000 --> 06:40.200 +a mile in length and well hieroglyphs + +06:40.200 --> 06:41.720 +obviously it's sort of some of the + +06:41.720 --> 06:44.140 +mistranslation the word hieroglyph it's + +06:44.140 --> 06:49.780 +always like a character. Well letters from + +06:49.780 --> 06:53.380 +the Ming dynasty. I read it to you in + +06:53.380 --> 06:54.900 +English and in Russian. + +06:58.640 --> 07:02.720 +Soon it will be 13 years soon it will be + +07:02.720 --> 07:05.900 +13 years since the nightingale fluttered + +07:05.900 --> 07:09.180 +out of its cage and vanished and at + +07:09.180 --> 07:11.860 +nightfall the Emperor washes down his + +07:11.860 --> 07:14.040 +medicine with the blood of another tailor + +07:14.040 --> 07:17.420 +then propped on silk pillows turns on a + +07:17.420 --> 07:20.100 +jeweled bird that lulls him with its level + +07:20.100 --> 07:23.240 +identical song. It's this sort of + +07:23.240 --> 07:26.120 +anniversary, unnumbered, wrong that we + +07:26.120 --> 07:28.640 +celebrate these days in our land and the + +07:28.640 --> 07:31.240 +heaven. The special mirror that smooths + +07:31.240 --> 07:34.560 +wrinkles even costs more every year. Our + +07:34.560 --> 07:36.960 +small garden is choked with weeds, the sky + +07:36.960 --> 07:40.040 +too is pierced by spires like pins in the + +07:40.040 --> 07:42.120 +shoulder blades of someone so sick that + +07:42.120 --> 07:43.640 +his back is all we're allowed to see. + +07:46.960 --> 07:50.080 +And begins to joke. This letter to you, + +07:50.180 --> 07:54.280 +beloved, from your wild duck is brushed on + +07:54.280 --> 07:56.640 +the scented rice paper given me by the + +07:56.640 --> 08:00.340 +empress. Lately there is no rice, but the + +08:00.340 --> 08:04.820 +flow of rice paper is endless. A thousand + +08:04.820 --> 08:07.300 +-lea long road starts with the first step + +08:07.300 --> 08:10.600 +as the proverb goes. Pity the road home + +08:10.600 --> 08:13.220 +doesn't depend on that same step. It + +08:13.220 --> 08:15.840 +exceeds ten times a thousand Li, + +08:16.000 --> 08:19.140 +especially counting from zeros. One + +08:19.140 --> 08:23.180 +thousand Li, two thousand Li. A thousand + +08:23.180 --> 08:27.320 +means thou shalt not ever see thy native + +08:27.320 --> 08:30.000 +place. And the meaninglessness, like a + +08:30.000 --> 08:32.520 +plague, spreads from words onto numbers, + +08:32.700 --> 08:35.380 +onto zeros especially. Wind blows us + +08:35.380 --> 08:38.200 +westward like the yellow tears from a + +08:38.200 --> 08:40.840 +dried pod there by the wall towers. + +08:41.400 --> 08:43.600 +Against it, man's figure is ugly and stiff + +08:43.600 --> 08:46.180 +as a frightening hieroglyph, as any + +08:46.180 --> 08:49.280 +illegible scripture at which one stares. + +08:49.960 --> 08:52.680 +This pull in one direction only has made + +08:52.680 --> 08:55.040 +me something elongated, like a horse's + +08:55.040 --> 08:58.440 +head, and all the body should do is span + +08:58.440 --> 09:01.120 +by its shadow, rustling across the wild + +09:01.120 --> 09:04.740 +barleys with a blade. I know the same poem + +09:04.740 --> 09:07.920 +in Russian. The letters of the Ming + +09:07.920 --> 09:08.160 +dynasty. + +09:35.160 --> 09:37.660 +not a happy, not a good anniversary + +09:38.700 --> 09:42.720 +special mirror smoothing wrinkles every + +09:42.720 --> 09:46.120 +year our little garden is born in decline + +09:46.120 --> 09:49.120 +the sky is also cut with spines like a + +09:49.120 --> 09:50.820 +shoulder blade and the back of a sick + +09:50.820 --> 09:53.780 +person whose back we only see and + +09:53.780 --> 09:56.620 +sometimes I explain to my son the nature + +09:56.620 --> 09:59.260 +of the Bogdekhan of the stars and he lets + +09:59.260 --> 10:02.380 +go of the joke this is a letter from you + +10:05.660 --> 10:07.060 +mitad + +10:32.420 --> 10:37.740 +отчитывая от о. Одна ли тысяча ли? Две ли + +10:37.740 --> 10:42.260 +тысяча ли? Тысяча означает, что ты сейчас + +10:42.260 --> 10:45.420 +вдали от родимого крова, и зараза + +10:45.420 --> 10:48.540 +бессмысленности со слова перекидывается на + +10:48.540 --> 10:52.660 +цифры, особенно на нули. Ветер несет нас + +10:52.660 --> 10:56.900 +на запад, как бурые семена из лопнувшего + +10:56.900 --> 10:59.420 +стручка туда, где стоит стена. + +11:25.680 --> 11:30.080 +Let's switch to something else. Yeah. + +11:30.860 --> 11:31.560 +Thanks. + +11:38.660 --> 11:42.500 +Well, the title of the next poem is + +11:42.500 --> 11:44.300 +Transatlantic. + +11:46.520 --> 11:47.840 +It's a short poem. + +11:52.110 --> 11:54.400 +The last twenty years were good for + +11:54.400 --> 11:57.600 +practically everybody save the dead. But + +11:57.600 --> 12:00.800 +maybe for them as well, maybe the Almighty + +12:00.800 --> 12:03.600 +himself has turned a bit bourgeois and + +12:03.600 --> 12:06.440 +uses a credit card, for otherwise time's + +12:06.440 --> 12:09.140 +passage makes no sense. Hence memories, + +12:09.500 --> 12:12.600 +recollections, values, deportment. One + +12:12.600 --> 12:15.140 +hopes one hasn't spent one's mother or + +12:15.140 --> 12:16.980 +father or both or a handful of friends + +12:16.980 --> 12:19.900 +entirely as this is to hound one's dreams. + +12:20.180 --> 12:23.680 +One's dreams, unlike the city, become less + +12:23.680 --> 12:26.500 +populous the older one gets. That's why + +12:26.500 --> 12:29.940 +the eternal rest cancels analysis. The + +12:29.940 --> 12:32.560 +last 20 years were good for practically + +12:32.560 --> 12:34.860 +everybody and constituted the afterlife + +12:34.860 --> 12:36.980 +for the dead. Its quality could be + +12:36.980 --> 12:39.700 +questioned, but not its duration. The + +12:39.700 --> 12:42.000 +dead, one assumes, would not mind + +12:42.000 --> 12:44.600 +attaining a homely status and sleep in + +12:44.600 --> 12:47.220 +archways or watch pregnant submarines + +12:47.220 --> 12:50.040 +returning to their native pen after a + +12:50.040 --> 12:52.040 +worldwide journey without destroying + +12:52.040 --> 12:54.540 +destroying life on earth without even a + +12:54.540 --> 12:56.220 +proper flag to hoist. + +13:03.140 --> 13:07.500 +The next poem is somewhat longish. Indeed, + +13:07.580 --> 13:11.460 +it's a fairly long poem. It's called An + +13:11.460 --> 13:14.240 +Admonition. Essentially, it's an advice to + +13:14.240 --> 13:14.680 +a traveler. + +13:23.080 --> 13:23.760 +Admonition. + +13:26.880 --> 13:30.780 +Trekking in Asia, spending nights in odd + +13:30.780 --> 13:34.120 +dwellings, in granaries, cabins, shacks, + +13:34.280 --> 13:37.620 +timber abodes whose thin squinted window + +13:37.620 --> 13:40.500 +panes harness the world, sleep dressed, + +13:40.840 --> 13:43.200 +wrapped in your sheepskin, and do your + +13:43.200 --> 13:45.060 +best always to tuck your head into the + +13:45.060 --> 13:47.960 +corner, as in the corner It's harder and a + +13:47.960 --> 13:50.480 +darkness of that to swing an axe over your + +13:50.480 --> 13:53.080 +heavy booze laden Gerd and to chop it off + +13:53.080 --> 13:56.740 +nicely Square the circle in short fear + +13:56.740 --> 13:59.940 +broil cheekbones Including the moons poke + +13:59.940 --> 14:02.900 +marked skin and prefer blue eyes to brown + +14:02.900 --> 14:05.240 +eyes Search hard for the blue ones + +14:05.240 --> 14:07.400 +Especially when the road takes you into + +14:07.400 --> 14:10.080 +the wood in dates thick on the whole for + +14:10.080 --> 14:12.580 +the as for the eyes One should watch for + +14:12.580 --> 14:15.120 +they cut, for at your last instant it's + +14:15.120 --> 14:17.440 +better to stare at that which though cold, + +14:17.580 --> 14:20.840 +pyramids sink through, ice may crack, yet + +14:20.840 --> 14:22.600 +wallowing in an ice hole is far better + +14:22.600 --> 14:26.040 +than in honey-like viscous lies. Always + +14:26.040 --> 14:28.740 +pick a house with baby clothes hanging out + +14:28.740 --> 14:31.780 +in the yard. Deal only with the over-50 + +14:31.780 --> 14:34.620 +crowd. A hick at that age knows too much + +14:34.620 --> 14:36.880 +about faith to gain anything by attempting + +14:36.880 --> 14:39.400 +to bust your brain. Same thing as squaw. + +14:39.400 --> 14:42.720 +hide mine in your fur coats color or if + +14:42.720 --> 14:44.540 +you are traveling light in your brown + +14:44.540 --> 14:46.960 +culotte under the knee but not in your + +14:46.960 --> 14:48.800 +boots since they'll find the door easily + +14:48.800 --> 14:52.220 +there in Asia boots are the first to go in + +14:52.220 --> 14:55.060 +the mountains move slowly if you must + +14:55.060 --> 14:58.300 +creep then creep magnificent in the + +14:58.300 --> 15:01.020 +distance meaningless closer up mountains + +15:01.020 --> 15:03.680 +about the surface standing on end the + +15:03.680 --> 15:05.500 +snail like and it seems horizontal + +15:05.500 --> 15:08.380 +meandering trail is in fact vertical. + +15:08.820 --> 15:11.900 +Lying flat in the mountains, you stand. + +15:11.980 --> 15:14.640 +Standing up, you lie flat, which suggests + +15:14.640 --> 15:16.500 +your true freedom isn't falling down. + +15:16.720 --> 15:19.720 +That's the way it appears to conquer. Once + +15:19.720 --> 15:22.460 +in the mountains, vertigo ruptures fears. + +15:22.700 --> 15:26.340 +If somebody yells, hey stranger, don't + +15:26.340 --> 15:29.640 +answer. Play deaf and dumb. Even though + +15:29.640 --> 15:31.640 +you may know it, don't speak the tongue. + +15:31.940 --> 15:35.140 +Try not to stand out, either in profile or + +15:35.140 --> 15:37.600 +full face, simply don't wash your face at + +15:37.600 --> 15:40.260 +times. What's more, when the rip occurs, + +15:40.500 --> 15:44.800 +throw it with a saw, don't cringe. Smoking + +15:44.800 --> 15:47.200 +douse your butt with spittle and besides + +15:47.200 --> 15:49.820 +arrange to wear gray, the hue of the + +15:49.820 --> 15:52.420 +earth, especially under clothes, to reduce + +15:52.420 --> 15:54.540 +the temptation to blend your flesh with + +15:54.540 --> 15:57.440 +earth. When you hold in the desert, make + +15:57.440 --> 15:59.680 +an arrow from pebbles, so if suddenly + +15:59.680 --> 16:01.640 +Suddenly woken up, you grasp which way to + +16:01.640 --> 16:04.580 +go in the darkness. At night, demons in + +16:04.580 --> 16:07.580 +deserts try travelers' hearts. One who + +16:07.580 --> 16:10.260 +heeds their cry is easily disoriented. One + +16:10.260 --> 16:13.100 +steps sideways and well, said two. Ghosts, + +16:13.100 --> 16:15.000 +specters, demons are at home in the + +16:15.000 --> 16:17.040 +desert. You too will discover that's true + +16:17.040 --> 16:20.080 +when sand creaking under your soul. All + +16:20.080 --> 16:22.600 +that remains of you is your soul. Nobody + +16:22.600 --> 16:26.520 +ever knows anything for a fact. Gazing + +16:26.520 --> 16:28.580 +ahead at your stooping guides, sturdy + +16:28.580 --> 16:30.740 +back, think that you gaze at the future, + +16:30.920 --> 16:32.620 +and keep your distance, if that is + +16:32.620 --> 16:35.060 +possible, from him. Since, in principle, + +16:35.320 --> 16:37.540 +life also means but a distance between + +16:37.540 --> 16:39.900 +here and there, and quickening the pace, + +16:40.040 --> 16:42.400 +pace only when you discern the sound + +16:42.400 --> 16:44.660 +behind of those running after you down the + +16:44.660 --> 16:46.520 +path, with lowered heads, be they + +16:46.520 --> 16:49.740 +murderers, thieves, the past. in the saw + +16:49.740 --> 16:54.360 +with a frogs, a frogs, in the burned down + +16:54.360 --> 16:57.420 +fume, prized indifference of things to + +16:57.420 --> 17:00.320 +being regarded from afar, and in turn lose + +17:00.320 --> 17:02.280 +your own silhouette, turning thus + +17:02.280 --> 17:05.360 +unattainable for binoculars, gendarmes, + +17:05.380 --> 17:09.020 +mass, coughing in a cloud of dust, wading + +17:09.020 --> 17:12.780 +through mud, map, what difference does it + +17:12.780 --> 17:15.740 +make how you would look close up, it's + +17:15.740 --> 17:17.840 +even better if some character with a blade + +17:17.840 --> 17:21.020 +figures out you're a stranger a bit too + +17:21.020 --> 17:24.440 +late. Rivers in Asia are longer than + +17:24.440 --> 17:27.800 +elsewhere, more rich in alluvium that is + +17:27.800 --> 17:30.740 +murkier. As you reach for a mouthful, your + +17:30.740 --> 17:33.580 +cupped fingers ladle sealed, and one who + +17:33.580 --> 17:35.640 +has drunk this water would prefer it + +17:35.640 --> 17:37.940 +spilled. Never trust its reflection. + +17:38.540 --> 17:41.220 +Crossing it, cross it on a raft built with + +17:41.220 --> 17:44.200 +no other hands but the pair you own. Note + +17:44.200 --> 17:46.560 +that the gleam of campfire, your nightly + +17:46.560 --> 17:48.900 +bliss, will by sliding downstream betray + +17:48.900 --> 17:51.760 +you to enemies. In your letters from these + +17:51.760 --> 17:54.660 +parts, don't divulge whom and what you've + +17:54.660 --> 17:56.880 +seen on your way. If anything should be + +17:56.880 --> 17:58.420 +penned, use your various feelings, + +17:58.600 --> 18:01.500 +musings, regrets at all. A letter can be + +18:01.500 --> 18:04.000 +intercepted and after all, the movement of + +18:04.000 --> 18:07.160 +a pen across paper is in itself the + +18:07.160 --> 18:08.960 +worsening of the break between you and + +18:08.960 --> 18:11.100 +those with whom you won't any longer sit + +18:11.100 --> 18:13.680 +or lie down with whom. unlike the letter + +18:13.680 --> 18:17.320 +you won't share who cares why a home when + +18:17.320 --> 18:21.000 +you stand on a stony on an empty stony + +18:21.000 --> 18:24.740 +plateau alone under the fathomless dome of + +18:24.740 --> 18:28.140 +Asia in whose blueness an airplane or an + +18:28.140 --> 18:30.960 +angel sometimes sweeps up its starch or + +18:30.960 --> 18:32.880 +star when you're shattered how + +18:32.880 --> 18:35.020 +infinitesimally small you are remember + +18:35.020 --> 18:39.080 +space that appears to need nothing does + +18:39.080 --> 18:41.780 +crave as a matter of fact an outside gaze, + +18:42.220 --> 18:45.220 +a criterion of emptiness, of its depth and + +18:45.220 --> 18:48.180 +scope, and it's only you who can do the + +18:48.180 --> 18:48.560 +job. + +19:00.560 --> 19:06.700 +The title of the next poem is + +19:06.700 --> 19:08.260 +a footnote to weather forecasts. + +19:21.120 --> 19:24.420 +A footnote to weather forecasts. + +19:27.660 --> 19:30.780 +A garden alley with statues of hardened + +19:30.780 --> 19:35.240 +mud, akin to knurled, stunted tree trunks. + +19:35.840 --> 19:40.220 +Some of them I knew personally, the rest I + +19:40.220 --> 19:43.840 +see for the first time ever. Presumably + +19:43.840 --> 19:45.660 +they are gods of local woods and streams, + +19:46.160 --> 19:49.180 +guardians of silence. As for the feminine + +19:49.180 --> 19:51.540 +shapes, nymphs and so forth, they look + +19:51.540 --> 19:53.900 +thought-like, that is unfinished, each one + +19:53.900 --> 19:56.860 +strives to keep, even here, in the future + +19:56.860 --> 20:00.060 +that came, her vagrant status. status. A + +20:00.060 --> 20:02.000 +cheap monk won't pop up and cross the + +20:02.000 --> 20:04.980 +path. No bird song is audible, nor + +20:04.980 --> 20:08.460 +moreover a motor. The future is a panacea + +20:08.460 --> 20:11.100 +against anything prone to repetition, and + +20:11.100 --> 20:12.600 +in the sky they're scattered like a + +20:12.600 --> 20:14.880 +bachelor's clothes. Clouds turned inside + +20:14.880 --> 20:18.340 +out, oppressed. It smells of conifer. This + +20:18.340 --> 20:20.020 +prickly substance of not so familiar + +20:20.020 --> 20:23.740 +places. Sculptures loom in the twilight, + +20:23.840 --> 20:25.980 +darkening thanks to the proximity to each + +20:25.980 --> 20:28.240 +other, thanks to the indifference of the + +20:28.240 --> 20:30.960 +surrounding landscape. Should any one of + +20:30.960 --> 20:33.380 +them speak, you would sigh, rather than + +20:33.380 --> 20:36.580 +gasp or shudder. Upon hearing well-known + +20:36.580 --> 20:38.660 +voices, hearing something like, the child + +20:38.660 --> 20:41.380 +wasn't yours, or true, I testified against + +20:41.380 --> 20:44.120 +him, but out of fear, not jealousy, petty, + +20:44.320 --> 20:46.840 +20-odd-year-old secrets of pure blind + +20:46.840 --> 20:49.520 +hearts, obsessed with a silly quest for + +20:49.520 --> 20:52.480 +power over their likes, the best ones + +20:52.480 --> 20:55.280 +among the worst ones, the executioners and + +20:55.280 --> 20:57.760 +the victims. It's good that someone else's + +20:57.760 --> 21:00.920 +memories interfere with your own. It's + +21:00.920 --> 21:02.720 +good that some of these figures to you + +21:02.720 --> 21:06.720 +appear alien. Their presence hints at + +21:06.720 --> 21:09.100 +different events, at a different sort of + +21:09.100 --> 21:11.080 +fate, perhaps not a better one, yet + +21:11.080 --> 21:13.420 +clearly the one that you missed. This + +21:13.420 --> 21:15.620 +unshackles memory more than imagination, + +21:16.040 --> 21:19.180 +not forever of course, but for a while, to + +21:19.180 --> 21:21.120 +learn that you've been deceived, It seems + +21:21.120 --> 21:23.840 +that you've been completely forgotten all + +21:23.840 --> 21:25.840 +the other way around, that you are still + +21:25.840 --> 21:28.680 +being hated is extremely unpleasant. But + +21:28.680 --> 21:31.340 +to regard yourself as the hub of even + +21:31.340 --> 21:34.020 +negligible universe, unbearable and + +21:34.020 --> 21:38.000 +indecent, a rare, perhaps the only visitor + +21:38.000 --> 21:41.360 +to these parts, I have, I suppose, a right + +21:41.360 --> 21:44.460 +to describe the observed. Here it is, our + +21:44.460 --> 21:47.960 +little Valhalla, our long-overgrown estate + +21:47.960 --> 21:51.380 +in time with a handful of mortgage souls + +21:51.380 --> 21:54.120 +with its meadows where sharpened sickle + +21:54.120 --> 21:56.980 +won't roam in all likelihood with abandon + +21:56.980 --> 22:00.820 +and where snowflakes float in the air as a + +22:00.820 --> 22:03.320 +good example of poise in a vacuum. + +22:08.420 --> 22:11.400 +Well, something lighter. + +22:20.740 --> 22:23.560 +The title of this poem is an epitaph for a + +22:23.560 --> 22:26.640 +centaur. You know, there's a half horse, + +22:26.700 --> 22:32.860 +half human creature. Richard. Epitaph for + +22:32.860 --> 22:33.380 +a centaur. + +22:37.460 --> 22:40.760 +To say that he was unhappy is either to + +22:40.760 --> 22:43.860 +say too much or too little, depending on + +22:43.860 --> 22:46.800 +who's the audience. Still, the smell he'd + +22:46.800 --> 22:49.420 +give off was a bit too odious, and his + +22:49.420 --> 22:52.640 +canter was also quite hard to match. He + +22:52.640 --> 22:54.740 +said they meant just a monument, but + +22:54.740 --> 22:57.040 +something went astray. The the womb, the + +22:57.040 --> 22:59.840 +assembly line, the economy, or else the + +22:59.840 --> 23:02.640 +war never happened. They befriended the + +23:02.640 --> 23:07.460 +enemy, and he was left... Well, let me + +23:07.460 --> 23:09.260 +start again, because it's kind of filled + +23:09.260 --> 23:09.520 +up. + +23:12.420 --> 23:15.000 +To say that he was unhappy is either to + +23:15.000 --> 23:18.080 +say too much or too little, depending on + +23:18.080 --> 23:20.760 +who's the audience. Still, the smell he'd + +23:20.760 --> 23:22.400 +give off was a bit too odious, and his + +23:22.400 --> 23:25.700 +canter was also quite hard to match. He + +23:25.700 --> 23:27.800 +said they meant just a monument, but + +23:27.800 --> 23:30.140 +something went astray. The womb, the + +23:30.140 --> 23:32.840 +assembly line, the economy. Where else the + +23:32.840 --> 23:34.860 +war never happened? They befriended the + +23:34.860 --> 23:36.820 +enemy, and he was left as it is, + +23:36.880 --> 23:38.600 +presumably to portray intransigence, + +23:38.860 --> 23:41.180 +incompatibility, that sort of thing which + +23:41.180 --> 23:43.240 +proves not so much one's uniqueness or + +23:43.240 --> 23:45.880 +virtue, but probability. For years, + +23:45.960 --> 23:48.920 +resembling a cloud, he wandered in olive + +23:48.920 --> 23:52.140 +groves, marveling at one-leggedness, the + +23:52.140 --> 23:54.640 +mother of immobility, learned to lie to + +23:54.640 --> 23:57.720 +himself and turned it into an art for want + +23:57.720 --> 24:00.620 +of a better company, also to check his + +24:00.620 --> 24:03.580 +sanity. And he died fairly young because + +24:03.580 --> 24:05.580 +his animal part turned out to be less + +24:05.580 --> 24:07.140 +durable than his humanity. + +24:15.720 --> 24:18.780 +I understand we like short and simple + +24:18.780 --> 24:19.720 +stuff, don't we? + +24:25.720 --> 24:29.940 +Okay, here's one example of that. One + +24:29.940 --> 24:30.160 +more. + +24:33.760 --> 24:34.560 +A song. + +24:38.220 --> 24:42.400 +I wish you were here, dear. I wish you + +24:42.400 --> 24:46.520 +were here. I wish you sat on the sofa and + +24:46.520 --> 24:49.380 +I sat near. The handkerchief could be + +24:49.380 --> 24:52.440 +yours. The tear could be mine, chin bound + +24:52.440 --> 24:54.320 +Though it could be, of course, the other + +24:54.320 --> 24:57.820 +way around I wish you were here, dear I + +24:57.820 --> 25:01.460 +wish you were here I wish we were in my + +25:01.460 --> 25:04.560 +car And you'd shift the gear We'd find + +25:04.560 --> 25:07.920 +ourselves elsewhere On an unknown shore Or + +25:07.920 --> 25:09.480 +else we'd repair to where we've been + +25:09.480 --> 25:13.380 +before I wish you were here, dear I wish + +25:13.380 --> 25:16.140 +you were here I wish I knew no astronomy + +25:16.140 --> 25:19.540 +When stars appear When the moon skims the + +25:19.540 --> 25:22.340 +water that sighs and shifts in its lumber. + +25:22.700 --> 25:25.020 +I wish it were still a quarter to dial + +25:25.020 --> 25:27.780 +your number. I wish you were here, dear, + +25:28.040 --> 25:31.740 +in this hemisphere. As I sit on the porch, + +25:31.820 --> 25:35.480 +sipping a beer. It's evening, the sun is + +25:35.480 --> 25:38.900 +setting, boys shout and girls are crying. + +25:39.320 --> 25:41.560 +What's the point of forgetting if it's + +25:41.560 --> 25:42.340 +followed by dying? + +25:53.700 --> 25:56.780 +The title of this poem is Lines for the + +25:56.780 --> 26:01.680 +Winter Recess. It's for the recess of the + +26:01.680 --> 26:04.020 +Congress, of the US Congress. Well, I + +26:04.020 --> 26:05.660 +spent indeed the last year in Washington, + +26:05.960 --> 26:11.120 +and here's the sort of a byproduct, if you + +26:11.120 --> 26:16.260 +will. Though the best, I think, outcome of + +26:16.260 --> 26:18.760 +a year spent in Washington in the Library + +26:18.760 --> 26:21.700 +of Congress was the following two-liner, + +26:21.800 --> 26:24.380 +of which I'm terribly proud. It goes like + +26:24.380 --> 26:29.100 +this. I sit at my desk. My life is + +26:29.100 --> 26:29.700 +grotesque. + +26:34.180 --> 26:34.740 +Okay. + +26:38.520 --> 26:39.120 +Okay. + +26:41.640 --> 26:45.840 +Lines for the winter recess. Well, it + +26:45.840 --> 26:47.660 +starts with a description, with somewhat + +26:47.660 --> 26:50.160 +fanciful, perhaps some of you, description + +26:50.160 --> 26:52.240 +of the capital in winter. + +26:56.160 --> 26:59.620 +A hard-boiled egg, cupped by the marble + +26:59.620 --> 27:03.780 +cold, cracks showing its evening yoke. The + +27:03.780 --> 27:06.260 +infinite avenue gobbles up cubes, + +27:06.440 --> 27:09.420 +rhomboids perlilipipeds, with preglacial + +27:09.420 --> 27:12.600 +appetite and simile in geometry. A + +27:12.600 --> 27:14.580 +snowbound airfield is lapping the neither + +27:14.580 --> 27:17.400 +milk nor honey of the meandering local + +27:17.400 --> 27:20.140 +river, sluggish, reluctant to make the + +27:20.140 --> 27:23.180 +ocean. Gentlemen, these are the good old + +27:23.180 --> 27:25.960 +days. Your toxic up on the highway still + +27:25.960 --> 27:28.980 +overtakes a hearse. A wolf flies down + +27:28.980 --> 27:31.600 +eagerly with a lamb or lame duck, sighting + +27:31.600 --> 27:34.080 +low temperature, green hues survive + +27:34.080 --> 27:37.000 +nevertheless in the streetlights. The mow + +27:37.000 --> 27:39.900 +unbundles things overseas, the richer ones + +27:39.900 --> 27:42.460 +cuisine, and if stocks don't shoot up any + +27:42.460 --> 27:44.600 +longer like obelisks, they still bear + +27:44.600 --> 27:48.160 +resemblance to dory columns holding a + +27:48.160 --> 27:50.220 +portico tight while beggars murder + +27:50.220 --> 27:54.500 +beggars. Lyrical and myopic stars blink in + +27:54.500 --> 27:57.200 +the winter sky like suburbia after hours, + +27:57.440 --> 28:00.220 +full of prayers sensitive to elapse in + +28:00.220 --> 28:02.620 +gravity but unconscious of its limits in + +28:02.620 --> 28:05.680 +fact quite expanding and yet the future + +28:05.680 --> 28:08.620 +surrounding your tender issue with + +28:08.620 --> 28:11.260 +bathroom tiles from onana Republic or + +28:11.260 --> 28:13.640 +manufactured locally is nowhere inside + +28:13.640 --> 28:17.280 +this are the good old days still with the + +28:17.280 --> 28:19.320 +quaint attractions with the unfinished + +28:19.320 --> 28:22.440 +business since frankly even a single swarm + +28:22.440 --> 28:25.600 +equals two in profile which which foils + +28:25.600 --> 28:27.760 +reflection if not applause, sincere + +28:27.760 --> 28:31.100 +window, past midnight, gleams, like a + +28:31.100 --> 28:32.900 +Chinaman scanning the yellow pages, + +28:33.120 --> 28:35.720 +stalling dreams, with their routine flat + +28:35.720 --> 28:39.920 +tire, with red meat curting knives, or a + +28:39.920 --> 28:41.420 +pasture, its herbivores. + +28:44.400 --> 28:49.460 +And here's something different. Well, it's + +28:49.460 --> 28:53.380 +a song of welcome. I should have read it + +28:53.380 --> 28:57.660 +at the beginning. Song of welcome. + +29:04.760 --> 29:07.260 +Here is your mom, here is your dad, + +29:07.520 --> 29:11.820 +welcome to being they flesh and blood, why + +29:11.820 --> 29:14.760 +do you look so sad? Here's your food, + +29:14.960 --> 29:18.120 +here's your drink, also some thoughts if + +29:18.120 --> 29:19.800 +you care to think, welcome Welcome to + +29:19.800 --> 29:22.380 +everything. Here's your practically clean + +29:22.380 --> 29:25.020 +slate. Welcome to it, though it's kind of + +29:25.020 --> 29:28.560 +late. Welcome at any rate. Here's your + +29:28.560 --> 29:31.140 +paycheck. Here's your rent. Money is + +29:31.140 --> 29:33.180 +nature's fifth element. Welcome to every + +29:33.180 --> 29:35.900 +cent. Here's your swarm and your huge + +29:35.900 --> 29:39.520 +beehive. Welcome to that there is roughly + +29:39.520 --> 29:43.300 +five billion like you alive. Welcome to + +29:43.300 --> 29:44.740 +the phone book that stars your name. + +29:45.460 --> 29:47.940 +Digits are democracy's secret aim. welcome + +29:47.940 --> 29:50.700 +to a claim to fame. Here's your marriage + +29:50.700 --> 29:53.440 +and here's divorce. Now that's the order + +29:53.440 --> 29:55.620 +you can't reverse, welcome to it, up + +29:55.620 --> 29:58.980 +yours. Here's your blade, here's your + +29:58.980 --> 30:01.700 +blade, here's your wrist, welcome to + +30:01.700 --> 30:03.920 +playing your own terrorist, call this your + +30:03.920 --> 30:06.180 +Middle East. Here's your mirror, your + +30:06.180 --> 30:08.860 +dental gleam, here's an octopus in your + +30:08.860 --> 30:12.100 +dream, why do you try to scream? Here's + +30:12.100 --> 30:14.620 +your corncob, your TV set, your Your + +30:14.620 --> 30:17.320 +candidate suffering and upset, welcome to + +30:17.320 --> 30:20.040 +what he said. Here's your porch, see the + +30:20.040 --> 30:23.700 +cars pass by. Here's your shitting dog's + +30:23.700 --> 30:27.200 +guilty eye, welcome to its alibi. Here's + +30:27.200 --> 30:30.680 +your cicadas, the ,, the bulbs dried tear + +30:30.680 --> 30:33.380 +in your lemon tea, welcome to infinity. + +30:34.260 --> 30:36.260 +Here are your pills on the plastic tray, + +30:36.920 --> 30:40.140 +your disappointing crisp x-ray, you are + +30:40.140 --> 30:42.900 +welcome to pray. Here's your cemetery, a + +30:42.900 --> 30:45.580 +well-kept glen, Welcome to a voice that + +30:45.580 --> 30:49.200 +says, Amen The end of the road, old man + +30:49.740 --> 30:52.340 +Here's your will, and here's a few takers + +30:52.340 --> 30:55.720 +Here's an empty pew, here's life after you + +30:56.240 --> 30:58.400 +And here are your stars, which appear + +30:58.400 --> 31:01.260 +still keen On shining as though you have + +31:01.260 --> 31:03.340 +never been They might have a point, old + +31:03.340 --> 31:06.220 +being Here's your afterlife, with no trace + +31:06.220 --> 31:09.260 +of you Especially of your face Welcome, + +31:09.420 --> 31:11.900 +and call it space Welcome to where one + +31:11.900 --> 31:14.020 +cannot breathe wreath. This way space + +31:14.020 --> 31:17.280 +resembles what's underneath and Saturn + +31:17.280 --> 31:18.700 +holds the wreath. + +31:28.920 --> 31:31.160 +I'm going to read to you a shorter poem + +31:31.160 --> 31:36.800 +now and I read to you both in English and + +31:36.800 --> 31:46.360 +in Russian if I can find... Well, + +31:48.260 --> 31:52.800 +it's called Breeze Marine. It's obviously, + +31:52.960 --> 31:54.560 +the title is obviously pinched from + +31:54.560 --> 31:55.040 +Mallarmé. + +31:58.540 --> 32:02.720 +Dear, I ventured out of the house late + +32:02.720 --> 32:05.320 +this this evening, merely for a breath of + +32:05.320 --> 32:09.000 +fresh air from the ocean not far away. The + +32:09.000 --> 32:11.200 +sun was smoldering low like a Chinese fan + +32:11.200 --> 32:14.240 +in a gallery, and a cloud reared up its + +32:14.240 --> 32:17.400 +huge lid like a Steinway. A quarter + +32:17.400 --> 32:20.840 +century back, you craved curry and dates + +32:20.840 --> 32:23.120 +from Senegal, tried your voice for the + +32:23.120 --> 32:25.780 +stage, scratched profiles in a sketch pad, + +32:26.340 --> 32:29.500 +dallied with me, but later, alloyed with a + +32:29.500 --> 32:31.360 +chemical engineer and judging by letters + +32:31.360 --> 32:34.560 +grew fairly stupid. These days you've been + +32:34.560 --> 32:37.380 +seen in churches, in the capital, and in + +32:37.380 --> 32:40.200 +provinces. At rights for our friends, + +32:40.240 --> 32:43.400 +acquaintances now continues. Yet I'm glad + +32:43.400 --> 32:45.600 +after all that the world still promises + +32:45.600 --> 32:48.480 +distances more inconceivable than the one + +32:48.480 --> 32:50.840 +between us. Understand me correctly + +32:50.840 --> 32:53.540 +though, your body, your verbal, your + +32:53.540 --> 32:56.160 +middle name now stir practically nothing. + +32:56.460 --> 32:59.080 +Not that they've ceased to burgeon, but to + +32:59.080 --> 33:01.900 +forget one life. A man needs at minimum + +33:01.900 --> 33:04.600 +one more life and I've done that portion. + +33:05.100 --> 33:08.680 +You got luck as well. Whales save in a + +33:08.680 --> 33:11.320 +snapshot perhaps. Will you forever remain + +33:11.320 --> 33:14.680 +free of wrinkles, lithe, caustic, vivid. + +33:15.060 --> 33:17.880 +Having bumped into memory, time learns + +33:17.880 --> 33:21.720 +impotence. Aptide, I I smoke in the + +33:21.720 --> 33:24.420 +darkness and inhale rank seaweed. + +33:31.900 --> 33:36.000 +Actually, I ruined the line here. Well, it + +33:36.000 --> 33:39.220 +went, having bumped into memory, time + +33:39.220 --> 33:43.500 +learns its impotence. For what it's worth, + +33:43.640 --> 33:48.140 +I repeated it. Well, the same poem is in + +33:48.140 --> 33:48.480 +Russian. + +33:51.460 --> 33:54.780 +Dear, I came out of my house late in the + +33:54.780 --> 33:58.400 +evening To breathe fresh air from the + +33:58.400 --> 34:01.160 +ocean The sunset was burning in the ground + +34:01.160 --> 34:04.000 +with a Chinese wind And the clouds were + +34:04.000 --> 34:07.540 +like a cover of a concert piano A quarter + +34:07.540 --> 34:09.840 +of a century ago You were eating with + +34:09.840 --> 34:11.560 +passion to the lullaby and to the phoenix + +34:11.560 --> 34:13.960 +You were drawing clouds in a notebook, + +34:14.380 --> 34:17.260 +singing a little You were having fun with + +34:17.260 --> 34:18.460 +me, but then you got together + +34:46.940 --> 34:51.080 +The No one destroyed them. But to forget + +34:51.080 --> 34:54.240 +one life, a person needs at least another + +34:54.240 --> 34:57.760 +life. And I lived this fate. You were + +34:57.760 --> 35:01.120 +lucky too. Where else, except for the + +35:01.120 --> 35:04.600 +photos, you will always be without + +35:04.600 --> 35:08.640 +wrinkles, young, cheerful, gloomy. And in + +35:08.640 --> 35:11.660 +time, colliding with memory, he learns + +35:11.660 --> 35:14.980 +about his immorality. I smoke in the dark + +35:14.980 --> 35:17.740 +and inhale the rot from the lily. + +35:26.480 --> 35:29.220 +Now you are, I'm afraid, indeed for a long + +35:29.220 --> 35:31.560 +haul. Well, I... + +35:34.860 --> 35:38.400 +It's a lengthy poem. It's titled, Fund the + +35:38.400 --> 35:41.840 +Circle. And... + +35:47.160 --> 35:49.480 +It's a lengthy poem indeed, so try to bear + +35:49.480 --> 35:49.800 +with me. + +36:01.600 --> 36:05.620 +The century will soon be over, but sooner + +36:05.620 --> 36:08.720 +it will be me. That's not the message + +36:08.720 --> 36:11.540 +though of a trembling knee, Rather the + +36:11.540 --> 36:14.480 +influence of not to be on to be, Of the + +36:14.480 --> 36:18.140 +hunter upon, so to speak, his fowl, Be + +36:18.140 --> 36:20.360 +that one's heart valve or a red brick + +36:20.360 --> 36:23.840 +wall, We hear the whiplash's fowl whistle, + +36:24.520 --> 36:26.720 +Recalling vainly the surnames of those who + +36:26.720 --> 36:29.900 +have loved us back, Writing in the + +36:29.900 --> 36:33.060 +slippery palms of the local quack, The + +36:33.060 --> 36:35.200 +world has just lost the knack of being the + +36:35.200 --> 36:37.740 +place where a sofa, a foxtrot, A + +36:37.740 --> 36:40.640 +lampshade's cream-trimming abodes, A risky + +36:40.640 --> 36:43.120 +utterance reigns supreme. Who could + +36:43.120 --> 36:46.080 +foresee time's grim eraser, Wiping them + +36:46.080 --> 36:48.060 +off like some chicken's crow From an old + +36:48.060 --> 36:51.160 +pod? Nobody, not a soul, Yet time's + +36:51.160 --> 36:53.640 +shuffling soul Has accomplished just that. + +36:54.020 --> 36:57.480 +Censurate, go ahead, Now everywhere there + +36:57.480 --> 37:01.300 +are antennas, Ping-pongs, stumps instead + +37:01.300 --> 37:04.540 +of trees. No chance of your sporting, No + +37:04.540 --> 37:06.260 +chance of your sporting at a little cafe, + +37:06.500 --> 37:09.740 +your confrere, ruined by kismet. Nor at + +37:09.740 --> 37:12.240 +the bar, the silk-clad angel who failed to + +37:12.240 --> 37:14.600 +soar above herself and her whiskey sour on + +37:14.600 --> 37:16.860 +ice. And all over the place, people + +37:16.860 --> 37:20.140 +obscure their view. Now forming a solid + +37:20.140 --> 37:23.660 +mass, now a lengthy queue. A tyrant's no + +37:23.660 --> 37:25.700 +longer a boogaboo but a plain mediocrity. + +37:25.900 --> 37:28.860 +Likewise, a car, at last, isn't a luxury + +37:28.860 --> 37:31.200 +but the means of extracting dust out of + +37:31.200 --> 37:33.580 +the street where the cast iron leg of a + +37:33.580 --> 37:35.680 +veteran fell silent for good, of course, + +37:35.780 --> 37:38.520 +and the child is convinced that the gray + +37:38.520 --> 37:42.100 +wolf is worse than infantry or the Air + +37:42.100 --> 37:46.220 +Force. And somehow, your hanky, bypassing + +37:46.220 --> 37:48.480 +your nose more and more often, leaps to + +37:48.480 --> 37:50.880 +your organ of sight, trained on rustling + +37:50.880 --> 37:53.340 +leaves, taking personally the least new + +37:53.340 --> 37:56.500 +gap in the emptiness shielding fence, the + +37:56.500 --> 37:59.720 +letters E.D. heralding the past tense, an + +37:59.720 --> 38:02.600 +area of suspense sung by a cuckoo's voice. + +38:02.960 --> 38:05.480 +Now it sounds more crude than sake of + +38:05.480 --> 38:09.180 +rhodosis, approximately like, hey dude, or + +38:09.180 --> 38:11.220 +at best like, you should quit drinking, + +38:11.420 --> 38:13.940 +and your limp palm glides over the + +38:13.940 --> 38:16.140 +decanter's skin. Though it's neither the + +38:16.140 --> 38:18.560 +priest nor the rabbi that's barging in but + +38:18.560 --> 38:21.500 +the air called from the circle. Black + +38:21.500 --> 38:24.240 +things are in vogue, camisoles, bloomers, + +38:24.340 --> 38:27.100 +hoes. When in the end you relieve your + +38:27.100 --> 38:29.420 +playmate of those items, your humble house + +38:29.420 --> 38:32.660 +suddenly gets lit up by something like 20 + +38:32.660 --> 38:35.900 +watts. But instead of an exuberant vivat, + +38:36.100 --> 38:38.780 +the leaves drop a flat sorry. New times, + +38:39.020 --> 38:43.280 +lamentable sorry times. Goods in shop + +38:43.280 --> 38:46.440 +windows, spurting nicknames, entice us + +38:46.440 --> 38:48.660 +into telling the types of things which are + +38:48.660 --> 38:51.040 +managed easily from the kinds which we, + +38:51.160 --> 38:54.220 +technologically behind, now equate to + +38:54.220 --> 38:56.400 +mankind's ancient quest, not so much for + +38:56.400 --> 38:59.360 +something that lets you save energy as for + +38:59.360 --> 39:02.360 +an inanimate sort of slave on the whole + +39:02.360 --> 39:05.220 +for safe anonymity. That's the logical, + +39:05.320 --> 39:08.300 +though unwelcome end of multiplying, of + +39:08.300 --> 39:10.560 +the demographic trend who sources neither + +39:10.560 --> 39:12.940 +the Orient nor zippers but electricity. + +39:13.740 --> 39:16.380 +The centuries winding down the rush of + +39:16.380 --> 39:21.400 +time demanding a ruin, a victim rejects + +39:21.400 --> 39:24.380 +his trash bag and a man won't wash either. + +39:24.380 --> 39:27.580 +No, give it sentiments, give it ideas, + +39:27.760 --> 39:30.360 +plus memories, such as times our last + +39:30.360 --> 39:33.180 +sweet tooth. Well, I make no fuss and + +39:33.180 --> 39:36.040 +give. I am not yellow. I am ready to play + +39:36.040 --> 39:37.940 +a thing of the past, if that's so + +39:37.940 --> 39:40.580 +interesting to time, eyeing absentmindedly + +39:40.580 --> 39:43.480 +over its shoulder its measly catch, which + +39:43.480 --> 39:45.420 +still shows some movement, though not much + +39:45.420 --> 39:48.020 +else, and is still warm to touch. I am + +39:48.020 --> 39:50.620 +ready to sing for good in them shifting + +39:50.620 --> 39:53.840 +sands and I am prepared for the traveler, + +39:53.840 --> 39:57.140 +shambling by won't focus the BDI of his + +39:57.140 --> 40:00.040 +camera on me and that he won't succumb to + +40:00.040 --> 40:02.620 +some powerful feeling on my account. It so + +40:02.620 --> 40:05.560 +happens I can't stand, I can't stand time + +40:05.560 --> 40:08.540 +that moves on, time that stands still, I + +40:08.540 --> 40:10.780 +still can't stand like a solid facade + +40:10.780 --> 40:13.620 +whose style echoes now a stockpile, now a + +40:13.620 --> 40:16.720 +chessboard. The century was indeed not so + +40:16.720 --> 40:19.420 +bad. Well, perhaps the dead run a surplus, + +40:19.680 --> 40:22.060 +yet the living did did just that as well, + +40:22.240 --> 40:25.560 +so substantially, in fact, that presently + +40:25.560 --> 40:27.120 +they could be pickled, packed, and sealed + +40:27.120 --> 40:29.320 +to attract stellar customers known for + +40:29.320 --> 40:31.500 +their grand deep-freeze machinery, unless, + +40:31.580 --> 40:33.360 +of course, they insist on cheese, which + +40:33.360 --> 40:35.620 +could be vesicle, is arranged, the holes + +40:35.620 --> 40:37.980 +in the collective memory are the proof, to + +40:37.980 --> 40:40.100 +the accompaniment of air crushes in not + +40:40.100 --> 40:43.880 +far off spots, the century ends, a prof + +40:43.880 --> 40:46.940 +mumbles, poking his finger upward about + +40:46.940 --> 40:49.380 +the atmosphere's layers, expanding the + +40:49.380 --> 40:51.560 +heat, explaining the heat and attendant + +40:51.560 --> 40:56.300 +fears, but not how one steers from here to + +40:56.300 --> 40:59.160 +where the cumulus bulky front is suffused + +40:59.160 --> 41:01.440 +with our forgive and don't forsake me, + +41:01.540 --> 41:04.400 +which don't the ray interchanging its gold + +41:04.400 --> 41:07.400 +into some silver row. Yet the century, + +41:07.660 --> 41:10.180 +rummaging through its bureau, treats as + +41:10.180 --> 41:14.080 +retro even that. Well, small wonder, the + +41:14.080 --> 41:17.060 +more it ticks and tocks, the busier young + +41:17.060 --> 41:19.620 +dicks, the more the antiques and relics + +41:19.620 --> 41:22.440 +including the planet stuck in its orbit + +41:22.440 --> 41:25.100 +and curting a sitting duck the runaway + +41:25.100 --> 41:27.220 +called the suck of a comet including the + +41:27.220 --> 41:30.440 +dog ear files of the fallen giant since + +41:30.440 --> 41:32.640 +every bullet flies from the future which + +41:32.640 --> 41:34.880 +plies its urgent trade with the present + +41:34.880 --> 41:38.060 +and thus needs room now therefore no + +41:38.700 --> 41:41.320 +heirloom lasts in the doory of bloom for + +41:41.320 --> 41:44.380 +long at the north pole at the North Pole, + +41:44.560 --> 41:47.200 +a husky barks, and a flock still twists. + +41:47.740 --> 41:50.180 +In the west, they stare eastward, through + +41:50.180 --> 41:53.140 +their clenched fists, making out at least + +41:53.140 --> 41:56.260 +some barks, gone suddenly lively, spooked + +41:56.260 --> 41:58.780 +by the forest of hands. Birds, too, + +41:58.900 --> 42:00.980 +flutter and then take wing rapidly, + +42:01.220 --> 42:05.000 +heading due south to its valleys, to its + +42:05.000 --> 42:07.860 +minarets, turbans, palm trees, and further + +42:07.860 --> 42:11.440 +down, tom-tom row, row, tom-toms row, but + +42:11.440 --> 42:13.960 +the longer you scan strange features, the + +42:13.960 --> 42:16.300 +more they go you. You conclude that all + +42:16.300 --> 42:19.000 +over the place the kinship between plain + +42:19.000 --> 42:22.320 +old dirt and, say, a great painting of the + +42:22.320 --> 42:24.580 +classical sword lies, and that you won't + +42:24.580 --> 42:28.060 +hurt either's original ever. That nature, + +42:28.200 --> 42:31.400 +like minstrels of yesteryear longing for + +42:31.400 --> 42:33.480 +carbons, like thalamus holding holding + +42:33.480 --> 42:35.960 +dear black letters like a honeybee near + +42:35.960 --> 42:38.620 +its hive, truly cherishes the mass scale, + +42:38.960 --> 42:42.080 +profuse outputs, dreading uniqueness for + +42:42.080 --> 42:44.480 +its abuse of energy, whose best guardian + +42:44.480 --> 42:47.800 +is licentiousness. Space is fully settled. + +42:48.420 --> 42:52.520 +Time is welcome to rub against its new + +42:52.520 --> 42:56.360 +surface. I'm sure space is fully settled. + +42:56.660 --> 42:59.160 +Time is welcome to rub against its new + +42:59.160 --> 43:01.700 +surface. I'm sure indefinitely. All the + +43:01.700 --> 43:05.080 +same your eyelid is drooping only the seas + +43:05.080 --> 43:08.960 +alone Remain unruffled and blue telling + +43:08.960 --> 43:13.020 +the dome go on Which sounds from afar like + +43:13.020 --> 43:16.320 +gone and upon hearing that one wants to + +43:16.320 --> 43:19.920 +quit one's travail Shoveling digging and + +43:19.920 --> 43:22.720 +board a steamship and sail and sail in + +43:22.720 --> 43:25.740 +order to hail in the end not an island Not + +43:25.740 --> 43:28.520 +an organism Linnaeus never found not the + +43:28.520 --> 43:30.860 +charms of new latitudes but the other way + +43:30.860 --> 43:33.400 +around, something of no account. + +43:44.460 --> 43:47.640 +Let me see what else is here. Something + +43:47.640 --> 43:48.060 +short. + +44:07.940 --> 44:11.900 +It's a bit early for this poem. + +44:23.340 --> 44:27.240 +It's a very simple poem. it's the Star of + +44:27.240 --> 44:31.260 +Nativity in + +44:31.260 --> 44:35.440 +the cold season in the locality accustomed + +44:35.440 --> 44:38.080 +to heat more than to cold the + +44:38.080 --> 44:40.680 +horizontality more than to a mountain a + +44:40.680 --> 44:43.640 +child was born in a cave in order to save + +44:43.640 --> 44:47.180 +the world it blew as only in deserts in + +44:47.180 --> 44:50.860 +the winter it blows athwart to him all + +44:50.860 --> 44:53.380 +things seemed enormous enormous his + +44:53.380 --> 44:56.120 +mother's breast, the steam out of the ox's + +44:56.120 --> 44:59.240 +nostrils, Kaspar, Baltazar, Melchior, the + +44:59.240 --> 45:02.020 +team of Magi, their presence heaped by the + +45:02.020 --> 45:06.020 +door, ajar. He was but a dot, and a dot + +45:06.020 --> 45:09.120 +was the star, keenly, without blinking, + +45:09.480 --> 45:12.620 +through pallid, stray clouds, upon a child + +45:12.620 --> 45:15.840 +in the manger, from far away, from the + +45:15.840 --> 45:18.040 +depth of the universe, from its opposite + +45:18.040 --> 45:20.700 +end, the star was looking into the cave, + +45:20.860 --> 45:23.120 +and that was the Father's Stare. + +45:52.100 --> 45:55.740 +оказалось огромным грудь матери желтый пар + +45:55.740 --> 45:59.200 +из воровьих ноздрей волхвы болтозар + +45:59.200 --> 46:03.000 +господь мельхиор их подарки втащенные сюда + +46:03.000 --> 46:06.960 +он был всего лишь точкой и точкой было + +46:06.960 --> 46:11.880 +звезда внимательно не мигая сквозь редкие + +46:11.880 --> 46:15.580 +облака на лежащего в яслях ребенка + +46:15.580 --> 46:18.820 +издалека из глубины вселенной + +46:32.380 --> 46:33.000 +Well, + +46:36.460 --> 46:39.560 +I'm going to read to you two more poems. + +46:41.080 --> 46:43.280 +poems. Oh, well, I'm going to read you one + +46:43.280 --> 46:44.900 +more, well, several more poems. + +46:49.120 --> 46:51.780 +Now I think you've just played enough + +46:51.780 --> 46:53.860 +equations and you deserve to be + +46:53.860 --> 46:54.220 +entertained. + +46:59.040 --> 47:03.380 +Okay. Well, this This is what you're going + +47:03.380 --> 47:06.700 +to hear is essentially a translation. + +47:10.380 --> 47:14.660 +I translated this poem into English from, + +47:14.720 --> 47:17.700 +believe it or not, from a Sumerian + +47:17.700 --> 47:19.360 +language, from Akkadian to be precise. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tw602gm2722_a_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tw602gm2722_a_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..832cbb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tw602gm2722_a_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html @@ -0,0 +1,665 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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reference
transcript
f1One in the middle that's taken.f1One in the middle that's taken.
2One over here, two over here.2One over here, two over here.
3Maybe people in the aisles can move in.3Maybe people in the aisles can move in.
4Any more?4Any more?
5A couple over here.5A couple over here.
6My name is Wanda Korn.6My name is Wanda Korn.
7I'm director of the Stanford Humanities Center.7I'm director of the Stanford Humanities Center.
8It's the Stanford Humanities Center, which is a research institute on campus ded8It's the Stanford Humanities Center, which is a research institute on campus ded
>icated to arts and letters, that has been hosting Joseph Brodsky's visit here th>icated to arts and letters, that has been hosting Joseph Brodsky's visit here th
>is week.>is week.
9This is the last of four public presentations and many more informal ones that M9This is the last of four public presentations and many more informal ones that M
>r. Brodsky has made on campus this week.>r. Brodsky has made on campus this week.
10In fact, as a matter of curiosity, I wonder how many of you in the audience toni10In fact, as a matter of curiosity, I wonder how many of you in the audience toni
>ght have attended another event with our visitor this week.>ght have attended another event with our visitor this week.
11Thank you.11Thank you.
12For those of you who have been able to hear Mr. Brodsky this week, each time on 12For those of you who have been able to hear Mr. Brodsky this week, each time on 
>a different subject, I'm sure you would agree that there is something very speci>a different subject, I'm sure you would agree that there is something very speci
>al and unusual about about having the opportunity to hear a gifted person give, >al and unusual about about having the opportunity to hear a gifted person give, 
>as it were, different pieces of himself in a concentrated period of time.>as it were, different pieces of himself in a concentrated period of time.
13While an exhausting marathon for our speaker, it is extremely enriching for thos13While an exhausting marathon for our speaker, it is extremely enriching for thos
>e on campus.>e on campus.
14And by way of introduction, I want to tell you how Joseph Brodsky's visit came a14And by way of introduction, I want to tell you how Joseph Brodsky's visit came a
>bout.>bout.
15out.15out.
16If you've read your program, you know that Rhoda and Elliot Leventhal establishe16If you've read your program, you know that Rhoda and Elliot Leventhal establishe
>d a new endowment last year at the Stanford Humanities Center, one that they spe>d a new endowment last year at the Stanford Humanities Center, one that they spe
>cially designed to bring to campus persons of significant achievement in humanit>cially designed to bring to campus persons of significant achievement in humanit
>ies and world affairs.>ies and world affairs.
17It was the Leventhal's idea that this visitor should not just come, give a lectu17It was the Leventhal's idea that this visitor should not just come, give a lectu
>re or reading, and go, but rather to stay long enough on campus to have signific>re or reading, and go, but rather to stay long enough on campus to have signific
>ant interaction with students, faculty, and others in the Stanford community.>ant interaction with students, faculty, and others in the Stanford community.
18Joseph Brodsky has been the first Leventhal distinguished visitor and a most gen18Joseph Brodsky has been the first Leventhal distinguished visitor and a most gen
>erous visitor he has been.>erous visitor he has been.
19Listening to his presentations has been rather like absorbing a cubist painting,19Listening to his presentations has been rather like absorbing a cubist painting,
> a new facet or layer building each day into into a fuller portrait.> a new facet or layer building each day into into a fuller portrait.
20Monday, the Mount Holyoke teacher of literature.20Monday, the Mount Holyoke teacher of literature.
21Tuesday, the meditative essayist that we read in the New Republic and the New Yo21Tuesday, the meditative essayist that we read in the New Republic and the New Yo
>rk Review of Books.>rk Review of Books.
22Wednesday, the seasoned and mature poet talking about his craft.22Wednesday, the seasoned and mature poet talking about his craft.
23And tonight, Thursday, the Nobel Prize winning poet and fifth poet laureate of t23And tonight, Thursday, the Nobel Prize winning poet and fifth poet laureate of t
>he United States.>he United States.
24I'm reminded at the end of this week of one of the qualities Mr. Brodsky said he24I'm reminded at the end of this week of one of the qualities Mr. Brodsky said he
> admired in the poetry of Thomas Hardy and Robert Frost a quality called expansi> admired in the poetry of Thomas Hardy and Robert Frost a quality called expansi
>ve motion.>ve motion.
25The expansive motion of a line.25The expansive motion of a line.
26It's continually opening out.26It's continually opening out.
27It's a similar expansiveness and unfolding that so many of us have experienced t27It's a similar expansiveness and unfolding that so many of us have experienced t
>his week in the man himself.>his week in the man himself.
28So in your welcoming applause I hope you will pay tribute tonight not only to th28So in your welcoming applause I hope you will pay tribute tonight not only to th
>e poet, artist, teacher, philosopher who will read for us this evening, but also>e poet, artist, teacher, philosopher who will read for us this evening, but also
> include a thank you to the Leventhals who made it possible for him to spend thi> include a thank you to the Leventhals who made it possible for him to spend thi
>s full week at Stanford.>s full week at Stanford.
29Thank you, Joseph.29Thank you, Joseph.
30Thank you, Rhoda and Elliot.30Thank you, Rhoda and Elliot.
31Thank you.31Thank you.
32Good evening.32Good evening.
33We'll be here for about one hour, and in the course of that hour, I'm going to r33We'll be here for about one hour, and in the course of that hour, I'm going to r
>ead you a few poems.>ead you a few poems.
34Most of them I'll read to you in English, but three or four, presumably, I will 34Most of them I'll read to you in English, but three or four, presumably, I will 
>read both in English and in Russian.>read both in English and in Russian.
35I wish actually it were the other way around because English is far from being m35I wish actually it were the other way around because English is far from being m
>y mother tongue and well, there's plenty of accent in it.>y mother tongue and well, there's plenty of accent in it.
36So the only thing I can, well, I cannot hope for you is your indulgence and I'll36So the only thing I can, well, I cannot hope for you is your indulgence and I'll
> try to do my level best.> try to do my level best.
37Well, I would like to start.37Well, I would like to start.
38I'm not so sure that this is a true thing that I'm trying to say that I would li38I'm not so sure that this is a true thing that I'm trying to say that I would li
>ke to start.>ke to start.
39Actually, I wouldn't like to start at all.39Actually, I wouldn't like to start at all.
40But I think I would like, I think I will start with the poem.40But I think I would like, I think I will start with the poem.
41It's a somewhat oldish poem.41It's a somewhat oldish poem.
42It's the title of this poem is Letters from the Ming Dynasty.42It's the title of this poem is Letters from the Ming Dynasty.
43It consists of two parts.43It consists of two parts.
44Obviously, Obviously these are not the real letters, it's a stylization.44Obviously, Obviously these are not the real letters, it's a stylization.
45The poem, the first part is a letter by a woman by Kurtier, something like a lad45The poem, the first part is a letter by a woman by Kurtier, something like a lad
>y in waiting to her traveling faraway husband.>y in waiting to her traveling faraway husband.
46And the second poem is the husband's presumed reply.46And the second poem is the husband's presumed reply.
47Oh, you ought to know for the purposes of the poem.47Oh, you ought to know for the purposes of the poem.
48well, I mean for the purposes of better grasping what's going on is that while t48well, I mean for the purposes of better grasping what's going on is that while t
>he Ming Dynasty is about the most cruel dynasty in the history of China, it was >he Ming Dynasty is about the most cruel dynasty in the history of China, it was 
>awfully good on the artifacts as well.>awfully good on the artifacts as well.
49The red Ming vases are justly famous.49The red Ming vases are justly famous.
50The expression land under heaven stands for, it's a euphemism for the celestial 50The expression land under heaven stands for, it's a euphemism for the celestial 
>empire, which is in its own right, the euphemic name for China and the word Li i>empire, which is in its own right, the euphemic name for China and the word Li i
>s something like one-third of a mile in length and well hieroglyphs obviously it>s something like one-third of a mile in length and well hieroglyphs obviously it
>'s sort of some of the mistranslation the word hieroglyph it's always like a cha>'s sort of some of the mistranslation the word hieroglyph it's always like a cha
>racter.>racter.
51Well letters from the Ming dynasty.51Well letters from the Ming dynasty.
52I read it to you in English and in Russian.52I read it to you in English and in Russian.
53Soon it will be 13 years soon it will be 13 years since the nightingale fluttere53Soon it will be 13 years soon it will be 13 years since the nightingale fluttere
>d out of its cage and vanished and at nightfall the Emperor washes down his medi>d out of its cage and vanished and at nightfall the Emperor washes down his medi
>cine with the blood of another tailor then propped on silk pillows turns on a je>cine with the blood of another tailor then propped on silk pillows turns on a je
>weled bird that lulls him with its level identical song.>weled bird that lulls him with its level identical song.
54It's this sort of anniversary, unnumbered, wrong that we celebrate these days in54It's this sort of anniversary, unnumbered, wrong that we celebrate these days in
> our land and the heaven.> our land and the heaven.
55The special mirror that smooths wrinkles even costs more every year.55The special mirror that smooths wrinkles even costs more every year.
56Our small garden is choked with weeds, the sky too is pierced by spires like pin56Our small garden is choked with weeds, the sky too is pierced by spires like pin
>s in the shoulder blades of someone so sick that his back is all we're allowed t>s in the shoulder blades of someone so sick that his back is all we're allowed t
>o see.>o see.
57And begins to joke.57And begins to joke.
58This letter to you, beloved, from your wild duck is brushed on the scented rice 58This letter to you, beloved, from your wild duck is brushed on the scented rice 
>paper given me by the empress.>paper given me by the empress.
59Lately there is no rice, but the flow of rice paper is endless.59Lately there is no rice, but the flow of rice paper is endless.
60A thousand -lea long road starts with the first step as the proverb goes.60A thousand -lea long road starts with the first step as the proverb goes.
61Pity the road home doesn't depend on that same step.61Pity the road home doesn't depend on that same step.
62It exceeds ten times a thousand Li, especially counting from zeros.62It exceeds ten times a thousand Li, especially counting from zeros.
63One thousand Li, two thousand Li. A thousand means thou shalt not ever see thy n63One thousand Li, two thousand Li. A thousand means thou shalt not ever see thy n
>ative place.>ative place.
64And the meaninglessness, like a plague, spreads from words onto numbers, onto ze64And the meaninglessness, like a plague, spreads from words onto numbers, onto ze
>ros especially.>ros especially.
65Wind blows us westward like the yellow tears from a dried pod there by the wall 65Wind blows us westward like the yellow tears from a dried pod there by the wall 
>towers.>towers.
66Against it, man's figure is ugly and stiff as a frightening hieroglyph, as any i66Against it, man's figure is ugly and stiff as a frightening hieroglyph, as any i
>llegible scripture at which one stares.>llegible scripture at which one stares.
67This pull in one direction only has made me something elongated, like a horse's 67This pull in one direction only has made me something elongated, like a horse's 
>head, and all the body should do is span by its shadow, rustling across the wild>head, and all the body should do is span by its shadow, rustling across the wild
> barleys with a blade.> barleys with a blade.
68I know the same poem in Russian.68I know the same poem in Russian.
69The letters of the Ming dynasty.69The letters of the Ming dynasty.
n70not a happy, not a good anniversary special mirror smoothing wrinkles every yearn70not a happy, not a good anniversary special mirror smoothing wrinkles every year
> our little garden is born in decline the sky is also cut with spines like a sho> our little garden is born in decline the sky is also cut with spines like a sho
>ulder blade and the back of a sick person whose back we only see and sometimes I>ulder blade and the back of a sick person whose back we only see and sometimes I
> explain to my son the nature of the Bogdekhan of the stars and he lets go of th> explain to my son the nature of the Bogdekhan of the stars and he lets go of th
>e joke this is a letter from you Foreign So отчитывая от о.>e joke this is a letter from you mitad отчитывая от о.
71Одна ли тысяча ли?71Одна ли тысяча ли?
72Две ли тысяча ли?72Две ли тысяча ли?
73Тысяча означает, что ты сейчас вдали от родимого крова, и зараза бессмысленности73Тысяча означает, что ты сейчас вдали от родимого крова, и зараза бессмысленности
> со слова перекидывается на цифры, особенно на нули.> со слова перекидывается на цифры, особенно на нули.
74Ветер несет нас на запад, как бурые семена из лопнувшего стручка туда, где стоит74Ветер несет нас на запад, как бурые семена из лопнувшего стручка туда, где стоит
> стена.> стена.
75Let's switch to something else.75Let's switch to something else.
76Yeah.76Yeah.
77Thanks.77Thanks.
78Well, the title of the next poem is Transatlantic.78Well, the title of the next poem is Transatlantic.
79It's a short poem.79It's a short poem.
80The last twenty years were good for practically everybody save the dead.80The last twenty years were good for practically everybody save the dead.
81But maybe for them as well, maybe the Almighty himself has turned a bit bourgeoi81But maybe for them as well, maybe the Almighty himself has turned a bit bourgeoi
>s and uses a credit card, for otherwise time's passage makes no sense.>s and uses a credit card, for otherwise time's passage makes no sense.
82Hence memories, recollections, values, deportment.82Hence memories, recollections, values, deportment.
83One hopes one hasn't spent one's mother or father or both or a handful of friend83One hopes one hasn't spent one's mother or father or both or a handful of friend
>s entirely as this is to hound one's dreams.>s entirely as this is to hound one's dreams.
84One's dreams, unlike the city, become less populous the older one gets.84One's dreams, unlike the city, become less populous the older one gets.
85That's why the eternal rest cancels analysis.85That's why the eternal rest cancels analysis.
86The last 20 years were good for practically everybody and constituted the afterl86The last 20 years were good for practically everybody and constituted the afterl
>ife for the dead.>ife for the dead.
87Its quality could be questioned, but not its duration.87Its quality could be questioned, but not its duration.
88The dead, one assumes, would not mind attaining a homely status and sleep in arc88The dead, one assumes, would not mind attaining a homely status and sleep in arc
>hways or watch pregnant submarines returning to their native pen after a worldwi>hways or watch pregnant submarines returning to their native pen after a worldwi
>de journey without destroying destroying life on earth without even a proper fla>de journey without destroying destroying life on earth without even a proper fla
>g to hoist.>g to hoist.
89The next poem is somewhat longish.89The next poem is somewhat longish.
90Indeed, it's a fairly long poem.90Indeed, it's a fairly long poem.
91It's called An Admonition.91It's called An Admonition.
92Essentially, it's an advice to a traveler.92Essentially, it's an advice to a traveler.
93Admonition.93Admonition.
94Trekking in Asia, spending nights in odd dwellings, in granaries, cabins, shacks94Trekking in Asia, spending nights in odd dwellings, in granaries, cabins, shacks
>, timber abodes whose thin squinted window panes harness the world, sleep dresse>, timber abodes whose thin squinted window panes harness the world, sleep dresse
>d, wrapped in your sheepskin, and do your best always to tuck your head into the>d, wrapped in your sheepskin, and do your best always to tuck your head into the
> corner, as in the corner It's harder and a darkness of that to swing an axe ove> corner, as in the corner It's harder and a darkness of that to swing an axe ove
>r your heavy booze laden Gerd and to chop it off nicely Square the circle in sho>r your heavy booze laden Gerd and to chop it off nicely Square the circle in sho
>rt fear broil cheekbones Including the moons poke marked skin and prefer blue ey>rt fear broil cheekbones Including the moons poke marked skin and prefer blue ey
>es to brown eyes Search hard for the blue ones Especially when the road takes yo>es to brown eyes Search hard for the blue ones Especially when the road takes yo
>u into the wood in dates thick on the whole for the as for the eyes One should w>u into the wood in dates thick on the whole for the as for the eyes One should w
>atch for they cut, for at your last instant it's better to stare at that which t>atch for they cut, for at your last instant it's better to stare at that which t
>hough cold, pyramids sink through, ice may crack, yet wallowing in an ice hole i>hough cold, pyramids sink through, ice may crack, yet wallowing in an ice hole i
>s far better than in honey-like viscous lies.>s far better than in honey-like viscous lies.
95Always pick a house with baby clothes hanging out in the yard.95Always pick a house with baby clothes hanging out in the yard.
96Deal only with the over-50 crowd.96Deal only with the over-50 crowd.
97A hick at that age knows too much about faith to gain anything by attempting to 97A hick at that age knows too much about faith to gain anything by attempting to 
>bust your brain.>bust your brain.
98Same thing as squaw.98Same thing as squaw.
99hide mine in your fur coats color or if you are traveling light in your brown cu99hide mine in your fur coats color or if you are traveling light in your brown cu
>lotte under the knee but not in your boots since they'll find the door easily th>lotte under the knee but not in your boots since they'll find the door easily th
>ere in Asia boots are the first to go in the mountains move slowly if you must c>ere in Asia boots are the first to go in the mountains move slowly if you must c
>reep then creep magnificent in the distance meaningless closer up mountains abou>reep then creep magnificent in the distance meaningless closer up mountains abou
>t the surface standing on end the snail like and it seems horizontal meandering >t the surface standing on end the snail like and it seems horizontal meandering 
>trail is in fact vertical.>trail is in fact vertical.
100Lying flat in the mountains, you stand.100Lying flat in the mountains, you stand.
101Standing up, you lie flat, which suggests your true freedom isn't falling down.101Standing up, you lie flat, which suggests your true freedom isn't falling down.
102That's the way it appears to conquer.102That's the way it appears to conquer.
103Once in the mountains, vertigo ruptures fears.103Once in the mountains, vertigo ruptures fears.
104If somebody yells, hey stranger, don't answer.104If somebody yells, hey stranger, don't answer.
105Play deaf and dumb.105Play deaf and dumb.
106Even though you may know it, don't speak the tongue.106Even though you may know it, don't speak the tongue.
107Try not to stand out, either in profile or full face, simply don't wash your fac107Try not to stand out, either in profile or full face, simply don't wash your fac
>e at times.>e at times.
108What's more, when the rip occurs, throw it with a saw, don't cringe.108What's more, when the rip occurs, throw it with a saw, don't cringe.
109Smoking douse your butt with spittle and besides arrange to wear gray, the hue o109Smoking douse your butt with spittle and besides arrange to wear gray, the hue o
>f the earth, especially under clothes, to reduce the temptation to blend your fl>f the earth, especially under clothes, to reduce the temptation to blend your fl
>esh with earth.>esh with earth.
110When you hold in the desert, make an arrow from pebbles, so if suddenly Suddenly110When you hold in the desert, make an arrow from pebbles, so if suddenly Suddenly
> woken up, you grasp which way to go in the darkness.> woken up, you grasp which way to go in the darkness.
111At night, demons in deserts try travelers' hearts.111At night, demons in deserts try travelers' hearts.
112One who heeds their cry is easily disoriented.112One who heeds their cry is easily disoriented.
113One steps sideways and well, said two.113One steps sideways and well, said two.
114Ghosts, specters, demons are at home in the desert.114Ghosts, specters, demons are at home in the desert.
115You too will discover that's true when sand creaking under your soul.115You too will discover that's true when sand creaking under your soul.
116All that remains of you is your soul.116All that remains of you is your soul.
117Nobody ever knows anything for a fact.117Nobody ever knows anything for a fact.
118Gazing ahead at your stooping guides, sturdy back, think that you gaze at the fu118Gazing ahead at your stooping guides, sturdy back, think that you gaze at the fu
>ture, and keep your distance, if that is possible, from him.>ture, and keep your distance, if that is possible, from him.
119Since, in principle, life also means but a distance between here and there, and 119Since, in principle, life also means but a distance between here and there, and 
>quickening the pace, pace only when you discern the sound behind of those runnin>quickening the pace, pace only when you discern the sound behind of those runnin
>g after you down the path, with lowered heads, be they murderers, thieves, the p>g after you down the path, with lowered heads, be they murderers, thieves, the p
>ast.>ast.
120in the saw with a frogs, a frogs, in the burned down fume, prized indifference o120in the saw with a frogs, a frogs, in the burned down fume, prized indifference o
>f things to being regarded from afar, and in turn lose your own silhouette, turn>f things to being regarded from afar, and in turn lose your own silhouette, turn
>ing thus unattainable for binoculars, gendarmes, mass, coughing in a cloud of du>ing thus unattainable for binoculars, gendarmes, mass, coughing in a cloud of du
>st, wading through mud, map, what difference does it make how you would look clo>st, wading through mud, map, what difference does it make how you would look clo
>se up, it's even better if some character with a blade figures out you're a stra>se up, it's even better if some character with a blade figures out you're a stra
>nger a bit too late.>nger a bit too late.
121Rivers in Asia are longer than elsewhere, more rich in alluvium that is murkier.121Rivers in Asia are longer than elsewhere, more rich in alluvium that is murkier.
122As you reach for a mouthful, your cupped fingers ladle sealed, and one who has d122As you reach for a mouthful, your cupped fingers ladle sealed, and one who has d
>runk this water would prefer it spilled.>runk this water would prefer it spilled.
123Never trust its reflection.123Never trust its reflection.
124Crossing it, cross it on a raft built with no other hands but the pair you own.124Crossing it, cross it on a raft built with no other hands but the pair you own.
125Note that the gleam of campfire, your nightly bliss, will by sliding downstream 125Note that the gleam of campfire, your nightly bliss, will by sliding downstream 
>betray you to enemies.>betray you to enemies.
126In your letters from these parts, don't divulge whom and what you've seen on you126In your letters from these parts, don't divulge whom and what you've seen on you
>r way.>r way.
127If anything should be penned, use your various feelings, musings, regrets at all127If anything should be penned, use your various feelings, musings, regrets at all
>.>.
128A letter can be intercepted and after all, the movement of a pen across paper is128A letter can be intercepted and after all, the movement of a pen across paper is
> in itself the worsening of the break between you and those with whom you won't > in itself the worsening of the break between you and those with whom you won't 
>any longer sit or lie down with whom.>any longer sit or lie down with whom.
129unlike the letter you won't share who cares why a home when you stand on a stony129unlike the letter you won't share who cares why a home when you stand on a stony
> on an empty stony plateau alone under the fathomless dome of Asia in whose blue> on an empty stony plateau alone under the fathomless dome of Asia in whose blue
>ness an airplane or an angel sometimes sweeps up its starch or star when you're >ness an airplane or an angel sometimes sweeps up its starch or star when you're 
>shattered how infinitesimally small you are remember space that appears to need >shattered how infinitesimally small you are remember space that appears to need 
>nothing does crave as a matter of fact an outside gaze, a criterion of emptiness>nothing does crave as a matter of fact an outside gaze, a criterion of emptiness
>, of its depth and scope, and it's only you who can do the job.>, of its depth and scope, and it's only you who can do the job.
130The title of the next poem is a footnote to weather forecasts.130The title of the next poem is a footnote to weather forecasts.
131A footnote to weather forecasts.131A footnote to weather forecasts.
132A garden alley with statues of hardened mud, akin to knurled, stunted tree trunk132A garden alley with statues of hardened mud, akin to knurled, stunted tree trunk
>s.>s.
133Some of them I knew personally, the rest I see for the first time ever.133Some of them I knew personally, the rest I see for the first time ever.
134Presumably they are gods of local woods and streams, guardians of silence.134Presumably they are gods of local woods and streams, guardians of silence.
135As for the feminine shapes, nymphs and so forth, they look thought-like, that is135As for the feminine shapes, nymphs and so forth, they look thought-like, that is
> unfinished, each one strives to keep, even here, in the future that came, her v> unfinished, each one strives to keep, even here, in the future that came, her v
>agrant status.>agrant status.
136status.136status.
137A cheap monk won't pop up and cross the path.137A cheap monk won't pop up and cross the path.
138No bird song is audible, nor moreover a motor.138No bird song is audible, nor moreover a motor.
139The future is a panacea against anything prone to repetition, and in the sky the139The future is a panacea against anything prone to repetition, and in the sky the
>y're scattered like a bachelor's clothes.>y're scattered like a bachelor's clothes.
140Clouds turned inside out, oppressed.140Clouds turned inside out, oppressed.
141It smells of conifer.141It smells of conifer.
142This prickly substance of not so familiar places.142This prickly substance of not so familiar places.
143Sculptures loom in the twilight, darkening thanks to the proximity to each other143Sculptures loom in the twilight, darkening thanks to the proximity to each other
>, thanks to the indifference of the surrounding landscape.>, thanks to the indifference of the surrounding landscape.
144Should any one of them speak, you would sigh, rather than gasp or shudder.144Should any one of them speak, you would sigh, rather than gasp or shudder.
145Upon hearing well-known voices, hearing something like, the child wasn't yours, 145Upon hearing well-known voices, hearing something like, the child wasn't yours, 
>or true, I testified against him, but out of fear, not jealousy, petty, 20-odd-y>or true, I testified against him, but out of fear, not jealousy, petty, 20-odd-y
>ear-old secrets of pure blind hearts, obsessed with a silly quest for power over>ear-old secrets of pure blind hearts, obsessed with a silly quest for power over
> their likes, the best ones among the worst ones, the executioners and the victi> their likes, the best ones among the worst ones, the executioners and the victi
>ms.>ms.
146It's good that someone else's memories interfere with your own.146It's good that someone else's memories interfere with your own.
147It's good that some of these figures to you appear alien.147It's good that some of these figures to you appear alien.
148Their presence hints at different events, at a different sort of fate, perhaps n148Their presence hints at different events, at a different sort of fate, perhaps n
>ot a better one, yet clearly the one that you missed.>ot a better one, yet clearly the one that you missed.
149This unshackles memory more than imagination, not forever of course, but for a w149This unshackles memory more than imagination, not forever of course, but for a w
>hile, to learn that you've been deceived, It seems that you've been completely f>hile, to learn that you've been deceived, It seems that you've been completely f
>orgotten all the other way around, that you are still being hated is extremely u>orgotten all the other way around, that you are still being hated is extremely u
>npleasant.>npleasant.
150But to regard yourself as the hub of even negligible universe, unbearable and in150But to regard yourself as the hub of even negligible universe, unbearable and in
>decent, a rare, perhaps the only visitor to these parts, I have, I suppose, a ri>decent, a rare, perhaps the only visitor to these parts, I have, I suppose, a ri
>ght to describe the observed.>ght to describe the observed.
151Here it is, our little Valhalla, our long-overgrown estate in time with a handfu151Here it is, our little Valhalla, our long-overgrown estate in time with a handfu
>l of mortgage souls with its meadows where sharpened sickle won't roam in all li>l of mortgage souls with its meadows where sharpened sickle won't roam in all li
>kelihood with abandon and where snowflakes float in the air as a good example of>kelihood with abandon and where snowflakes float in the air as a good example of
> poise in a vacuum.> poise in a vacuum.
152Well, something lighter.152Well, something lighter.
153The title of this poem is an epitaph for a centaur.153The title of this poem is an epitaph for a centaur.
154You know, there's a half horse, half human creature.154You know, there's a half horse, half human creature.
155Richard.155Richard.
156Epitaph for a centaur.156Epitaph for a centaur.
157To say that he was unhappy is either to say too much or too little, depending on157To say that he was unhappy is either to say too much or too little, depending on
> who's the audience.> who's the audience.
158Still, the smell he'd give off was a bit too odious, and his canter was also qui158Still, the smell he'd give off was a bit too odious, and his canter was also qui
>te hard to match.>te hard to match.
159He said they meant just a monument, but something went astray.159He said they meant just a monument, but something went astray.
160The the womb, the assembly line, the economy, or else the war never happened.160The the womb, the assembly line, the economy, or else the war never happened.
161They befriended the enemy, and he was left...161They befriended the enemy, and he was left...
162Well, let me start again, because it's kind of filled up.162Well, let me start again, because it's kind of filled up.
163To say that he was unhappy is either to say too much or too little, depending on163To say that he was unhappy is either to say too much or too little, depending on
> who's the audience.> who's the audience.
164Still, the smell he'd give off was a bit too odious, and his canter was also qui164Still, the smell he'd give off was a bit too odious, and his canter was also qui
>te hard to match.>te hard to match.
165He said they meant just a monument, but something went astray.165He said they meant just a monument, but something went astray.
166The womb, the assembly line, the economy.166The womb, the assembly line, the economy.
167Where else the war never happened?167Where else the war never happened?
168They befriended the enemy, and he was left as it is, presumably to portray intra168They befriended the enemy, and he was left as it is, presumably to portray intra
>nsigence, incompatibility, that sort of thing which proves not so much one's uni>nsigence, incompatibility, that sort of thing which proves not so much one's uni
>queness or virtue, but probability.>queness or virtue, but probability.
169For years, resembling a cloud, he wandered in olive groves, marveling at one-leg169For years, resembling a cloud, he wandered in olive groves, marveling at one-leg
>gedness, the mother of immobility, learned to lie to himself and turned it into >gedness, the mother of immobility, learned to lie to himself and turned it into 
>an art for want of a better company, also to check his sanity.>an art for want of a better company, also to check his sanity.
170And he died fairly young because his animal part turned out to be less durable t170And he died fairly young because his animal part turned out to be less durable t
>han his humanity.>han his humanity.
171I understand we like short and simple stuff, don't we?171I understand we like short and simple stuff, don't we?
172Okay, here's one example of that.172Okay, here's one example of that.
173One more.173One more.
174A song.174A song.
175I wish you were here, dear.175I wish you were here, dear.
176I wish you were here.176I wish you were here.
177I wish you sat on the sofa and I sat near.177I wish you sat on the sofa and I sat near.
178The handkerchief could be yours.178The handkerchief could be yours.
179The tear could be mine, chin bound Though it could be, of course, the other way 179The tear could be mine, chin bound Though it could be, of course, the other way 
>around I wish you were here, dear I wish you were here I wish we were in my car >around I wish you were here, dear I wish you were here I wish we were in my car 
>And you'd shift the gear We'd find ourselves elsewhere On an unknown shore Or el>And you'd shift the gear We'd find ourselves elsewhere On an unknown shore Or el
>se we'd repair to where we've been before I wish you were here, dear I wish you >se we'd repair to where we've been before I wish you were here, dear I wish you 
>were here I wish I knew no astronomy When stars appear When the moon skims the w>were here I wish I knew no astronomy When stars appear When the moon skims the w
>ater that sighs and shifts in its lumber.>ater that sighs and shifts in its lumber.
180I wish it were still a quarter to dial your number.180I wish it were still a quarter to dial your number.
181I wish you were here, dear, in this hemisphere.181I wish you were here, dear, in this hemisphere.
182As I sit on the porch, sipping a beer.182As I sit on the porch, sipping a beer.
183It's evening, the sun is setting, boys shout and girls are crying.183It's evening, the sun is setting, boys shout and girls are crying.
184What's the point of forgetting if it's followed by dying?184What's the point of forgetting if it's followed by dying?
185The title of this poem is Lines for the Winter Recess.185The title of this poem is Lines for the Winter Recess.
186It's for the recess of the Congress, of the US Congress.186It's for the recess of the Congress, of the US Congress.
187Well, I spent indeed the last year in Washington, and here's the sort of a bypro187Well, I spent indeed the last year in Washington, and here's the sort of a bypro
>duct, if you will.>duct, if you will.
188Though the best, I think, outcome of a year spent in Washington in the Library o188Though the best, I think, outcome of a year spent in Washington in the Library o
>f Congress was the following two-liner, of which I'm terribly proud.>f Congress was the following two-liner, of which I'm terribly proud.
189It goes like this.189It goes like this.
190I sit at my desk.190I sit at my desk.
191My life is grotesque.191My life is grotesque.
192Okay.192Okay.
193Okay.193Okay.
194Lines for the winter recess.194Lines for the winter recess.
195Well, it starts with a description, with somewhat fanciful, perhaps some of you,195Well, it starts with a description, with somewhat fanciful, perhaps some of you,
> description of the capital in winter.> description of the capital in winter.
196A hard-boiled egg, cupped by the marble cold, cracks showing its evening yoke.196A hard-boiled egg, cupped by the marble cold, cracks showing its evening yoke.
197The infinite avenue gobbles up cubes, rhomboids perlilipipeds, with preglacial a197The infinite avenue gobbles up cubes, rhomboids perlilipipeds, with preglacial a
>ppetite and simile in geometry.>ppetite and simile in geometry.
198A snowbound airfield is lapping the neither milk nor honey of the meandering loc198A snowbound airfield is lapping the neither milk nor honey of the meandering loc
>al river, sluggish, reluctant to make the ocean.>al river, sluggish, reluctant to make the ocean.
199Gentlemen, these are the good old days.199Gentlemen, these are the good old days.
200Your toxic up on the highway still overtakes a hearse.200Your toxic up on the highway still overtakes a hearse.
201A wolf flies down eagerly with a lamb or lame duck, sighting low temperature, gr201A wolf flies down eagerly with a lamb or lame duck, sighting low temperature, gr
>een hues survive nevertheless in the streetlights.>een hues survive nevertheless in the streetlights.
202The mow unbundles things overseas, the richer ones cuisine, and if stocks don't 202The mow unbundles things overseas, the richer ones cuisine, and if stocks don't 
>shoot up any longer like obelisks, they still bear resemblance to dory columns h>shoot up any longer like obelisks, they still bear resemblance to dory columns h
>olding a portico tight while beggars murder beggars.>olding a portico tight while beggars murder beggars.
203Lyrical and myopic stars blink in the winter sky like suburbia after hours, full203Lyrical and myopic stars blink in the winter sky like suburbia after hours, full
> of prayers sensitive to elapse in gravity but unconscious of its limits in fact> of prayers sensitive to elapse in gravity but unconscious of its limits in fact
> quite expanding and yet the future surrounding your tender issue with bathroom > quite expanding and yet the future surrounding your tender issue with bathroom 
>tiles from onana Republic or manufactured locally is nowhere inside this are the>tiles from onana Republic or manufactured locally is nowhere inside this are the
> good old days still with the quaint attractions with the unfinished business si> good old days still with the quaint attractions with the unfinished business si
>nce frankly even a single swarm equals two in profile which which foils reflecti>nce frankly even a single swarm equals two in profile which which foils reflecti
>on if not applause, sincere window, past midnight, gleams, like a Chinaman scann>on if not applause, sincere window, past midnight, gleams, like a Chinaman scann
>ing the yellow pages, stalling dreams, with their routine flat tire, with red me>ing the yellow pages, stalling dreams, with their routine flat tire, with red me
>at curting knives, or a pasture, its herbivores.>at curting knives, or a pasture, its herbivores.
204And here's something different.204And here's something different.
205Well, it's a song of welcome.205Well, it's a song of welcome.
206I should have read it at the beginning.206I should have read it at the beginning.
207Song of welcome.207Song of welcome.
208Here is your mom, here is your dad, welcome to being they flesh and blood, why d208Here is your mom, here is your dad, welcome to being they flesh and blood, why d
>o you look so sad?>o you look so sad?
209Here's your food, here's your drink, also some thoughts if you care to think, we209Here's your food, here's your drink, also some thoughts if you care to think, we
>lcome Welcome to everything.>lcome Welcome to everything.
210Here's your practically clean slate.210Here's your practically clean slate.
211Welcome to it, though it's kind of late.211Welcome to it, though it's kind of late.
212Welcome at any rate.212Welcome at any rate.
213Here's your paycheck.213Here's your paycheck.
214Here's your rent.214Here's your rent.
215Money is nature's fifth element.215Money is nature's fifth element.
216Welcome to every cent.216Welcome to every cent.
217Here's your swarm and your huge beehive.217Here's your swarm and your huge beehive.
218Welcome to that there is roughly five billion like you alive.218Welcome to that there is roughly five billion like you alive.
219Welcome to the phone book that stars your name.219Welcome to the phone book that stars your name.
220Digits are democracy's secret aim.220Digits are democracy's secret aim.
221welcome to a claim to fame.221welcome to a claim to fame.
222Here's your marriage and here's divorce.222Here's your marriage and here's divorce.
223Now that's the order you can't reverse, welcome to it, up yours.223Now that's the order you can't reverse, welcome to it, up yours.
224Here's your blade, here's your blade, here's your wrist, welcome to playing your224Here's your blade, here's your blade, here's your wrist, welcome to playing your
> own terrorist, call this your Middle East.> own terrorist, call this your Middle East.
225Here's your mirror, your dental gleam, here's an octopus in your dream, why do y225Here's your mirror, your dental gleam, here's an octopus in your dream, why do y
>ou try to scream?>ou try to scream?
226Here's your corncob, your TV set, your Your candidate suffering and upset, welco226Here's your corncob, your TV set, your Your candidate suffering and upset, welco
>me to what he said.>me to what he said.
227Here's your porch, see the cars pass by.227Here's your porch, see the cars pass by.
228Here's your shitting dog's guilty eye, welcome to its alibi.228Here's your shitting dog's guilty eye, welcome to its alibi.
229Here's your cicadas, the ,, the bulbs dried tear in your lemon tea, welcome to i229Here's your cicadas, the ,, the bulbs dried tear in your lemon tea, welcome to i
>nfinity.>nfinity.
230Here are your pills on the plastic tray, your disappointing crisp x-ray, you are230Here are your pills on the plastic tray, your disappointing crisp x-ray, you are
> welcome to pray.> welcome to pray.
231Here's your cemetery, a well-kept glen, Welcome to a voice that says, Amen The e231Here's your cemetery, a well-kept glen, Welcome to a voice that says, Amen The e
>nd of the road, old man Here's your will, and here's a few takers Here's an empt>nd of the road, old man Here's your will, and here's a few takers Here's an empt
>y pew, here's life after you And here are your stars, which appear still keen On>y pew, here's life after you And here are your stars, which appear still keen On
> shining as though you have never been They might have a point, old being Here's> shining as though you have never been They might have a point, old being Here's
> your afterlife, with no trace of you Especially of your face Welcome, and call > your afterlife, with no trace of you Especially of your face Welcome, and call 
>it space Welcome to where one cannot breathe wreath.>it space Welcome to where one cannot breathe wreath.
232This way space resembles what's underneath and Saturn holds the wreath.232This way space resembles what's underneath and Saturn holds the wreath.
233I'm going to read to you a shorter poem now and I read to you both in English an233I'm going to read to you a shorter poem now and I read to you both in English an
>d in Russian if I can find...>d in Russian if I can find...
234Well, it's called Breeze Marine.234Well, it's called Breeze Marine.
235It's obviously, the title is obviously pinched from Mallarmé.235It's obviously, the title is obviously pinched from Mallarmé.
236Dear, I ventured out of the house late this this evening, merely for a breath of236Dear, I ventured out of the house late this this evening, merely for a breath of
> fresh air from the ocean not far away.> fresh air from the ocean not far away.
237The sun was smoldering low like a Chinese fan in a gallery, and a cloud reared u237The sun was smoldering low like a Chinese fan in a gallery, and a cloud reared u
>p its huge lid like a Steinway.>p its huge lid like a Steinway.
238A quarter century back, you craved curry and dates from Senegal, tried your voic238A quarter century back, you craved curry and dates from Senegal, tried your voic
>e for the stage, scratched profiles in a sketch pad, dallied with me, but later,>e for the stage, scratched profiles in a sketch pad, dallied with me, but later,
> alloyed with a chemical engineer and judging by letters grew fairly stupid.> alloyed with a chemical engineer and judging by letters grew fairly stupid.
239These days you've been seen in churches, in the capital, and in provinces.239These days you've been seen in churches, in the capital, and in provinces.
240At rights for our friends, acquaintances now continues.240At rights for our friends, acquaintances now continues.
241Yet I'm glad after all that the world still promises distances more inconceivabl241Yet I'm glad after all that the world still promises distances more inconceivabl
>e than the one between us.>e than the one between us.
242Understand me correctly though, your body, your verbal, your middle name now sti242Understand me correctly though, your body, your verbal, your middle name now sti
>r practically nothing.>r practically nothing.
243Not that they've ceased to burgeon, but to forget one life.243Not that they've ceased to burgeon, but to forget one life.
244A man needs at minimum one more life and I've done that portion.244A man needs at minimum one more life and I've done that portion.
245You got luck as well.245You got luck as well.
246Whales save in a snapshot perhaps.246Whales save in a snapshot perhaps.
247Will you forever remain free of wrinkles, lithe, caustic, vivid.247Will you forever remain free of wrinkles, lithe, caustic, vivid.
248Having bumped into memory, time learns impotence.248Having bumped into memory, time learns impotence.
249Aptide, I I smoke in the darkness and inhale rank seaweed.249Aptide, I I smoke in the darkness and inhale rank seaweed.
250Actually, I ruined the line here.250Actually, I ruined the line here.
251Well, it went, having bumped into memory, time learns its impotence.251Well, it went, having bumped into memory, time learns its impotence.
252For what it's worth, I repeated it.252For what it's worth, I repeated it.
253Well, the same poem is in Russian.253Well, the same poem is in Russian.
n254Dear, I came out of my house late in the evening To breathe fresh air from the on254Dear, I came out of my house late in the evening To breathe fresh air from the o
>cean The sunset was burning in the ground with a Chinese wind And the clouds wer>cean The sunset was burning in the ground with a Chinese wind And the clouds wer
>e like a cover of a concert piano A quarter of a century ago You were eating wit>e like a cover of a concert piano A quarter of a century ago You were eating wit
>h passion to the lullaby and to the phoenix You were drawing clouds in a noteboo>h passion to the lullaby and to the phoenix You were drawing clouds in a noteboo
>k, singing a little You were having fun with me, but then you got together Thank>k, singing a little You were having fun with me, but then you got together The N
> you.>o one destroyed them.
255No one destroyed them.
256But to forget one life, A person needs at least one more life.255But to forget one life, a person needs at least another life.
257And I lived this fate.256And I lived this fate.
258You were lucky too.257You were lucky too.
n259Where else, except for the photos, You will always be without wrinkles, Young, cn258Where else, except for the photos, you will always be without wrinkles, young, c
>heerful, gloomy.>heerful, gloomy.
260For time, colliding with memory, Learns about its infidelity.259And in time, colliding with memory, he learns about his immorality.
261I drink in the dark and inhale the rot from the lava.260I smoke in the dark and inhale the rot from the lily.
262Now you are, I'm afraid indeed for a long haul.261Now you are, I'm afraid, indeed for a long haul.
262Well, I...
263Well, I, it's a lengthy poem.263It's a lengthy poem.
264It's titled Found the Circle.264It's titled, Fund the Circle.
265circle.265And...
266And it's a lengthy poem indeed, so try to bear with me.266It's a lengthy poem indeed, so try to bear with me.
267The century will soon be over, but sooner it will be me.267The century will soon be over, but sooner it will be me.
n268That's not the message, though, of a trembling knee, rather the influence of notn268That's not the message though of a trembling knee, Rather the influence of not t
> to be, on to be, of the hunter upon, so to speak, his fowl, be that one's heart>o be on to be, Of the hunter upon, so to speak, his fowl, Be that one's heart va
> valve or a red brick wall.>lve or a red brick wall, We hear the whiplash's fowl whistle, Recalling vainly t
 >he surnames of those who have loved us back, Writing in the slippery palms of th
 >e local quack, The world has just lost the knack of being the place where a sofa
 >, a foxtrot, A lampshade's cream-trimming abodes, A risky utterance reigns supre
 >me.
269We hear the whiplash's foul whistle recalling vainly the surnames of those who h
>ave loved us back, writhing in the slippery palms of the local quack. 
270The world has just lost the knack of being the place where a sofa, a foxtrot, a 
>lampshade's cream-trimming abodes, a risky utterance reigns supreme. 
271Who could foresee time's grim eraser razor, wiping them off like some chicken sc269Who could foresee time's grim eraser, Wiping them off like some chicken's crow F
>roll from an old pad.>rom an old pod?
272Nobody, not a soul, yet time's shuffling soul has accomplished just that.270Nobody, not a soul, Yet time's shuffling soul Has accomplished just that.
273Censurate, go ahead.
274Now everywhere the antennas, ping-pongs, stumps instead of trees.271Censurate, go ahead, Now everywhere there are antennas, Ping-pongs, stumps inste
 >ad of trees.
275No chance of your sporting at a little café, your confrère, ruined by kismet.272No chance of your sporting, No chance of your sporting at a little cafe, your co
 >nfrere, ruined by kismet.
276Nor at the bar, the silk-clad angel who failed to soar above herself and her whi273Nor at the bar, the silk-clad angel who failed to soar above herself and her whi
>skey sour on ice.>skey sour on ice.
n277And all over the place people obscure their view.n274And all over the place, people obscure their view.
278Now forming a solid mass, now a lengthy queue.275Now forming a solid mass, now a lengthy queue.
n279A tyrant's no longer a bugaboo but a plain mediocrity.n276A tyrant's no longer a boogaboo but a plain mediocrity.
280Likewise, a car, at last, isn't a luxury but the means of extracting dust out of277Likewise, a car, at last, isn't a luxury but the means of extracting dust out of
> the street where the cast iron leg of a veteran fell silent for good, of course> the street where the cast iron leg of a veteran fell silent for good, of course
>, and the child is convinced that the gray wolf is worse than infantry or the Ai>, and the child is convinced that the gray wolf is worse than infantry or the Ai
>r Force.>r Force.
n281And somehow your hanky, bypassing your nose more and more often, leaps to your on278And somehow, your hanky, bypassing your nose more and more often, leaps to your 
>rgan of sight, trained on rustling leaves, taking personally the least new gap i>organ of sight, trained on rustling leaves, taking personally the least new gap 
>n the emptiness shielding fence, the letters E.D. heralding the past tense, an a>in the emptiness shielding fence, the letters E.D. heralding the past tense, an 
>ria of suspense sung by a cuckoo's voice.>area of suspense sung by a cuckoo's voice.
282Now it sounds more crude than say, Cavaradossis, approximately like, like hey du279Now it sounds more crude than sake of rhodosis, approximately like, hey dude, or
>de, or at best like you should quit drinking.> at best like, you should quit drinking, and your limp palm glides over the deca
 >nter's skin.
283And your limp palm glides over the decanter's skin.
284Though it's neither the priest nor the rabbi that's barging in but the air calle280Though it's neither the priest nor the rabbi that's barging in but the air calle
>d from the circle.>d from the circle.
n285Black things are in vogue, camisole, bloomers, hoes.n281Black things are in vogue, camisoles, bloomers, hoes.
286When in the end you relieve your playmate of those items, your humble house sudd282When in the end you relieve your playmate of those items, your humble house sudd
>enly gets lit up by something like 20 watt.>enly gets lit up by something like 20 watts.
287But instead of an exuberant vivat, the leaves drop a flat sorry new times lament283But instead of an exuberant vivat, the leaves drop a flat sorry.
>able sorry times goods and shop windows spurting nicknames entice us into tellin 
>g the types of things which are managed easily from the kinds which we technolog 
>ical become behind now equate to mankind's ancient quest not so much for somethi 
>ng that lets you save energy as one inanimate sort of slave on the whole for saf 
>e anonymity that's the the logical, though unwelcome end of multiplying, of the  
>demographic trend who sources neither the Orient nor zippers but electricity. 
284New times, lamentable sorry times.
285Goods in shop windows, spurting nicknames, entice us into telling the types of t
 >hings which are managed easily from the kinds which we, technologically behind, 
 >now equate to mankind's ancient quest, not so much for something that lets you s
 >ave energy as for an inanimate sort of slave on the whole for safe anonymity.
286That's the logical, though unwelcome end of multiplying, of the demographic tren
 >d who sources neither the Orient nor zippers but electricity.
288The centuries winding down the rush of time, demanding a ruin a victim rejects a287The centuries winding down the rush of time demanding a ruin, a victim rejects h
> trash bag and a man won't wash either.>is trash bag and a man won't wash either.
289No, give it sentiments, give it ideas plus memories, such as time's a last sweet288No, give it sentiments, give it ideas, plus memories, such as times our last swe
> tooth.>et tooth.
290Well, I make no fuss and and give, I am not yellow, I am ready to play a thing o289Well, I make no fuss and give.
>f the past, if that's so interesting to time, lying absentmindedly over its shou 
>lder, its measly couch, which still shows some movement, though not much else, a 
>nd is still warm to touch. 
291I am ready to sing for good in them shifting sands, and I am prepared that a tra290I am not yellow.
>veler shambling by won't focus the beady eye of his camera on me, and that he wo 
>n't succumb to some powerful feeling on my account. 
292It It so happens, I can't stand, I can't stand time that moves on.291I am ready to play a thing of the past, if that's so interesting to time, eyeing
 > absentmindedly over its shoulder its measly catch, which still shows some movem
 >ent, though not much else, and is still warm to touch.
293Time that stands still, I still can't stand.292I am ready to sing for good in them shifting sands and I am prepared for the tra
 >veler, shambling by won't focus the BDI of his camera on me and that he won't su
 >ccumb to some powerful feeling on my account.
294Like a solid facade whose style echoes now a stockpile, now a chessboard.293It so happens I can't stand, I can't stand time that moves on, time that stands 
 >still, I still can't stand like a solid facade whose style echoes now a stockpil
 >e, now a chessboard.
295The century was indeed not so bad.294The century was indeed not so bad.
n296Well, perhaps the dead run a surplus.n295Well, perhaps the dead run a surplus, yet the living did did just that as well, 
 >so substantially, in fact, that presently they could be pickled, packed, and sea
 >led to attract stellar customers known for their grand deep-freeze machinery, un
 >less, of course, they insist on cheese, which could be vesicle, is arranged, the
 > holes in the collective memory are the proof, to the accompaniment of air crush
 >es in not far off spots, the century ends, a prof mumbles, poking his finger upw
 >ard about the atmosphere's layers, expanding the heat, explaining the heat and a
 >ttendant fears, but not how one steers from here to where the cumulus bulky fron
 >t is suffused with our forgive and don't forsake me, which don't the ray interch
 >anging its gold into some silver row.
297Yet the living did just that as well.296Yet the century, rummaging through its bureau, treats as retro even that.
298So substantially, in fact, that presently they could be pickled, packed, and sea297Well, small wonder, the more it ticks and tocks, the busier young dicks, the mor
>led to attract stellar customers known for their grand deep-freeze machinery.>e the antiques and relics including the planet stuck in its orbit and curting a 
 >sitting duck the runaway called the suck of a comet including the dog ear files 
 >of the fallen giant since every bullet flies from the future which plies its urg
 >ent trade with the present and thus needs room now therefore no heirloom lasts i
 >n the doory of bloom for long at the north pole at the North Pole, a husky barks
 >, and a flock still twists.
299machinery, unless of course they insist on cheese, which could be visible is arr298In the west, they stare eastward, through their clenched fists, making out at le
>anged, the holes in the collective memory are the proof.>ast some barks, gone suddenly lively, spooked by the forest of hands.
300To the accompaniment of air crashes in not far off spots, the century ends, a pr299Birds, too, flutter and then take wing rapidly, heading due south to its valleys
>of mumbles, poking his finger upward, about the atmosphere's layers, expanding t>, to its minarets, turbans, palm trees, and further down, tom-tom row, row, tom-
>he heat, explaining the heat and attendant fears, but not how one steers from he>toms row, but the longer you scan strange features, the more they go you.
>re, to where the cumulus bulky a frond is suffused with our forgive and don't fo 
>rsake me which don't the ray interchanging is gold into some silver row yet the  
>century rummaging through its bureau treats as retro even that well small wonder 
> the more it ticks and tocks the busier young digs the more the antiques and rel 
>ics including the planet stuck in its orbit and curting a sitting duck the runaw 
>ay cool the suck of a a comet, including the dog-ear files of the fallen giant,  
>since every bullet flies from the future which plies its urgent trade with the p 
>resent and thus needs room now. 
301Therefore, no heirloom lasts in the dolyard bloom for long.
302At the North Pole, a husky barks and a flag still twists.
303In the West, they stare eastward through their clenched fists, making out at lea
>st some barks, gone suddenly lively, spooked by the forest of hands, birds too,  
>flutter and then take wing rapidly, heading due south to its valleys, to its min 
>arets, turbans, palm trees, and further down, tom -tom row, tom-toms row. 
304But the longer you scan strange features, the more they go you.
305You conclude that all over the place, the kinship between plain old dirt and say300You conclude that all over the place the kinship between plain old dirt and, say
> a great painting of the classical sort lies in that you won't hurt either's ori>, a great painting of the classical sword lies, and that you won't hurt either's
>ginal ever.> original ever.
306That nature, like minstrels of yesteryear, longing for carbons, like thalamus ho301That nature, like minstrels of yesteryear longing for carbons, like thalamus hol
>lding dear black letters, like a honeybee near its hive, truly cherishes the mas>ding holding dear black letters like a honeybee near its hive, truly cherishes t
>s scale, profuse outputs, dreading uniqueness for its abuse of energy, whose bes>he mass scale, profuse outputs, dreading uniqueness for its abuse of energy, who
>t guardian is licentiousness.>se best guardian is licentiousness.
302Space is fully settled.
307Space is fully settled, time is welcome to rub against its new surface.303Time is welcome to rub against its new surface.
308I'm sure space is fully settled, time is welcome to rub against its new surface.304I'm sure space is fully settled.
309I'm sure indefinitely, all the same, your eyelid is drooping, only the seas alon305Time is welcome to rub against its new surface.
>e remain unruffled and bloom, telling the dawn, go on, which sounds from afar li 
>ke gone, And upon hearing that, one wants to quit one's travail, Shoveling, digg 
>ing, and board a steamship, And sail, and sail, in order to hail in the end, Not 
> an island, not an organism, lineus never found, Not the charms of new latitudes 
>, but the other way around, Something of no account. 
306I'm sure indefinitely.
307All the same your eyelid is drooping only the seas alone Remain unruffled and bl
 >ue telling the dome go on Which sounds from afar like gone and upon hearing that
 > one wants to quit one's travail Shoveling digging and board a steamship and sai
 >l and sail in order to hail in the end not an island Not an organism Linnaeus ne
 >ver found not the charms of new latitudes but the other way around, something of
 > no account.
310Let me see what else is here.308Let me see what else is here.
311Something short.309Something short.
312It's a bit early for this poem.310It's a bit early for this poem.
313It's a very simple poem.311It's a very simple poem.
n314It's the Star of Nativity.n312it's the Star of Nativity in the cold season in the locality accustomed to heat 
 >more than to cold the horizontality more than to a mountain a child was born in 
 >a cave in order to save the world it blew as only in deserts in the winter it bl
 >ows athwart to him all things seemed enormous enormous his mother's breast, the 
 >steam out of the ox's nostrils, Kaspar, Baltazar, Melchior, the team of Magi, th
 >eir presence heaped by the door, ajar.
315In the cold season, in a locality accustomed to heat more than to cold, To horiz
>ontality more than to a mountain, A child was born in a cave in order to save th 
>e world. 
316It blew as only in deserts, in winter it blows athwart.
317To him all things seemed enormous, His mother's breast, the steam out of the ox'
>s nostrils, Kaspar, Baltazar, Melchior, the team of Magi, Their presence heaped  
>by the door, ajar. 
318He was but a dot, and a dot was the star, keenly, without blinking, through pall313He was but a dot, and a dot was the star, keenly, without blinking, through pall
>id, stray clouds, upon a child in the manger, from far away, from the depth of t>id, stray clouds, upon a child in the manger, from far away, from the depth of t
>he universe, from its opposite end, the star was looking into the cave, and that>he universe, from its opposite end, the star was looking into the cave, and that
> was the father's stare.> was the Father's Stare.
319There.314оказалось огромным грудь матери желтый пар из воровьих ноздрей волхвы болтозар г
 >осподь мельхиор их подарки втащенные сюда он был всего лишь точкой и точкой было
 > звезда внимательно не мигая сквозь редкие облака на лежащего в яслях ребенка из
 >далека из глубины вселенной Well, I'm going to read to you two more poems.
320becusa.com Well, I'm going to read to you two more poems.315poems.
321Oh, well, I'm going to read you one more, well, several more poems.316Oh, well, I'm going to read you one more, well, several more poems.
n322Now I think you've displayed enough patience.n317Now I think you've just played enough equations and you deserve to be entertaine
 >d.
323and you deserve to be entertained.
324Okay.318Okay.
t325Well, this is what you're going to hear.t319Well, this This is what you're going to hear is essentially a translation.
326It's essentially a translation.
327I translated this poem into English from, believe it or not, from a Sumerian lan320I translated this poem into English from, believe it or not, from a Sumerian lan
>guage, from Akkadian to be precise.>guage, from Akkadian to be precise.
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+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tw602gm2722_b_sl.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tw602gm2722_b_sl.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..39404fd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tw602gm2722_b_sl.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,950 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:04.600 --> 00:07.360 +David Shainberg Reviewer 1 Dates back to + +00:07.360 --> 00:13.040 +the 11th or 10th century BC. And it's + +00:13.040 --> 00:15.220 +known among Sumerian scholars as dialogue + +00:15.220 --> 00:19.500 +on pessimism. Well, that's one set of + +00:19.500 --> 00:23.380 +scholars think of this poem as a dialogue + +00:23.380 --> 00:25.820 +on pessimism. The other set of scholars, + +00:26.060 --> 00:31.220 +presumably now as numerous, claims that + +00:31.220 --> 00:33.200 +it's being sort of a theatrical skit. + +00:33.600 --> 00:35.580 +Well, you will decide yourself what it is. + +00:36.540 --> 00:40.160 +If you can help it in the course of my + +00:40.160 --> 00:42.520 +reading it to you, don't just laugh. Don't + +00:42.520 --> 00:43.200 +laugh so readily. + +00:46.360 --> 00:49.100 +Well, it's about two pages, basically. + +00:55.940 --> 01:01.220 +slave come slave come to my service slave + +01:01.220 --> 01:04.640 +come to my service yes my master yes quick + +01:04.640 --> 01:07.580 +fetch my chariot hitch up the course the + +01:07.580 --> 01:10.520 +horses i'll drive to the palace drive to + +01:10.520 --> 01:12.680 +the palace my master drive to the palace + +01:12.680 --> 01:15.200 +the king will be pleased to see you he + +01:15.200 --> 01:18.100 +will be benevolent to you no slave i won't + +01:18.100 --> 01:20.340 +go go to the palace. Don't, my master, + +01:20.480 --> 01:23.140 +don't go to the palace. The king will send + +01:23.140 --> 01:25.320 +you on a faraway expedition down the + +01:25.320 --> 01:27.540 +unknown road through hostile mountains. + +01:27.820 --> 01:29.580 +Day and night he will make you experience + +01:29.580 --> 01:32.540 +pain and hardship. Slave, come to my + +01:32.540 --> 01:35.820 +service. Yes, my master, yes. Fetch water, + +01:36.140 --> 01:38.240 +pour it over my hands. I am to eat my + +01:38.240 --> 01:40.920 +supper. Eat your supper, my master, eat + +01:40.920 --> 01:43.320 +your supper. Frequent meals glutton one's + +01:43.320 --> 01:45.560 +heart. Man's supper is the supper of his + +01:45.560 --> 01:47.820 +God and clean hands catch the eye of + +01:47.820 --> 01:50.660 +Shamash. No slave, I won't eat my supper. + +01:50.940 --> 01:53.120 +Don't eat your supper, master. Don't eat + +01:53.120 --> 01:55.380 +your supper. Drink and thirst, food and + +01:55.380 --> 01:57.460 +hunger. Never leave men alone that alone + +01:57.460 --> 02:00.140 +each other. Slave, come to my service. + +02:00.300 --> 02:02.640 +Yes, my master, yes. Quick, fetch my + +02:02.640 --> 02:04.440 +chariot, hitch up the horses. I'll go for + +02:04.440 --> 02:06.580 +a ride in the country. Do that, my master, + +02:06.680 --> 02:09.080 +do that. A carefree wanderer always feels + +02:09.080 --> 02:11.980 +his belly. A stray dog always finds a + +02:11.980 --> 02:14.080 +bone. A migrating swallow is especially + +02:14.080 --> 02:16.520 +skilled in nesting. A wild donkey finds + +02:16.520 --> 02:19.020 +the grass in the driest desert. No slave, + +02:19.240 --> 02:20.840 +I won't go for a ride in the country. + +02:21.080 --> 02:24.200 +Don't go, my master, don't bother. The lot + +02:24.200 --> 02:27.080 +of a wanderer is always dicey. A stray dog + +02:27.080 --> 02:29.180 +loses its teeth. The nest of a migrating + +02:29.180 --> 02:31.780 +swallow gets buried in plaster. Naked + +02:31.780 --> 02:34.520 +earth is a wild donkey's bedding. Slave, + +02:34.720 --> 02:37.840 +come to my service. Yes, my master, yes. I + +02:37.840 --> 02:39.220 +feel like starting a family, like + +02:39.220 --> 02:41.260 +begetting children good thinking my master + +02:41.260 --> 02:44.580 +start a family start a family who has + +02:44.580 --> 02:46.460 +children secures his name repeated in + +02:46.460 --> 02:49.380 +posthumous prayers no slave I won't start + +02:49.380 --> 02:52.240 +a family I won't have children don't start + +02:52.240 --> 02:55.260 +at my master don't have them a family is + +02:55.260 --> 02:58.120 +like a broken door is hinges creaking only + +02:58.120 --> 03:00.360 +a third of a once children are healthy two + +03:00.360 --> 03:02.500 +-thirds always sickly so should I start a + +03:02.500 --> 03:05.220 +family don't start a family who starts a + +03:05.220 --> 03:08.140 +family waste his ancestral house slave + +03:08.140 --> 03:11.880 +come to my service yes my master yes i + +03:11.880 --> 03:13.880 +shall deal to my enemy in the court i will + +03:13.880 --> 03:16.480 +still silent before my detractors right my + +03:16.480 --> 03:19.240 +master right yield to your enemy keep + +03:19.240 --> 03:21.240 +silence my master before detractors no + +03:21.240 --> 03:23.340 +slave i won't be silent and i won't yield + +03:23.340 --> 03:25.940 +don't heal my master and don't be silent + +03:25.940 --> 03:28.180 +even if you don't open your mouth at all + +03:28.180 --> 03:30.200 +your enemies will be merciless and cruel + +03:30.200 --> 03:33.500 +to you as well as numerous slave come to + +03:33.500 --> 03:37.620 +my service yes my master yes I feel looked + +03:37.620 --> 03:40.520 +like doing some evil and do that my master + +03:40.520 --> 03:42.860 +by all means do some evil for how + +03:42.860 --> 03:44.760 +otherwise can you stuff your belly how + +03:44.760 --> 03:47.060 +without doing evil you can you dress + +03:47.060 --> 03:49.360 +yourself warmly no slave I shall do no + +03:49.360 --> 03:51.880 +evil evil doers I either killed of laid + +03:51.880 --> 03:54.220 +alive and blinded or blind and inflate + +03:54.220 --> 03:56.640 +alive and thrown into a dungeon slave come + +03:56.640 --> 04:00.020 +to my service Yes, my master, yes. I'll + +04:00.020 --> 04:01.820 +fall in love with a woman. Fall in love + +04:01.820 --> 04:04.480 +with my master. Fall in love. Who falls in + +04:04.480 --> 04:06.140 +love with a woman forgets his griefs and + +04:06.140 --> 04:08.660 +sorrows. No slave. I won't fall in love + +04:08.660 --> 04:11.580 +with a woman. Don't love, my master. Don't + +04:11.580 --> 04:14.360 +love. Woman is a snare, a trap, a dark + +04:14.360 --> 04:16.740 +pit. Woman is a sharp steel blade slitting + +04:16.740 --> 04:19.620 +man's throat in darkness. Slave, come to + +04:19.620 --> 04:22.840 +my service. Yes, my master, yes. Quick + +04:22.840 --> 04:25.900 +fetch water to wash my hands. I am to make + +04:25.900 --> 04:28.000 +an offering to my God. Make an offering. + +04:28.320 --> 04:30.480 +Make an offering. Who makes offering to + +04:30.480 --> 04:32.860 +his God fills his heart with riches. He + +04:32.860 --> 04:35.800 +feels generous and his purse is open. No + +04:35.800 --> 04:38.500 +slave. I won't make an offering. Rightly + +04:38.500 --> 04:41.140 +so, my master. Rightly so. Can you really + +04:41.140 --> 04:42.680 +train your God to follow you like a + +04:42.680 --> 04:45.240 +doggie? All the time he demands obedience, + +04:45.500 --> 04:48.900 +retail, sacrifices. Slave, come to my + +04:48.900 --> 04:51.720 +service. Yes, my master, yes. I will + +04:51.720 --> 04:53.880 +invest with interest. I will loan for the + +04:53.880 --> 04:56.180 +interest. Yes, invest with interest, make + +04:56.180 --> 04:57.920 +loans for the interest. Who does, + +04:58.060 --> 04:59.880 +preserves his own, his profit though is + +04:59.880 --> 05:02.760 +enormous, is enormous. No slave, I won't + +05:02.760 --> 05:05.000 +lend and I won't invest. Don't invest, my + +05:05.000 --> 05:07.840 +master, don't lend. To lend is like loving + +05:07.840 --> 05:09.720 +a woman, to receive like siring but + +05:09.720 --> 05:12.040 +children. People always curse those whose + +05:12.040 --> 05:15.320 +grain they eat. They resent you and try to + +05:15.320 --> 05:17.800 +reduce your profit. Slave, come to my + +05:17.800 --> 05:21.700 +service. Yes, my master, yes. I shall do a + +05:21.700 --> 05:23.540 +good deed for my nation. Very good, my + +05:23.540 --> 05:25.780 +master, very good. You do that. Who does + +05:25.780 --> 05:27.640 +good deeds for his nation has his name in + +05:27.640 --> 05:31.400 +Marduk's gold signet. No slave. I won't do + +05:31.400 --> 05:33.480 +a good deed for my nation. Don't do that, + +05:33.500 --> 05:36.300 +my master. Don't bother. Get up and stroll + +05:36.300 --> 05:38.960 +across ancient ruins. scant the skulls of + +05:38.960 --> 05:41.380 +simple folk and nobles. Which one of them + +05:41.380 --> 05:43.600 +was a villain? Which one? A benefactor? + +05:44.200 --> 05:46.860 +Slave, come to my service. Yes, my master, + +05:46.920 --> 05:51.580 +yes. If all this is so, then what is good? + +05:52.520 --> 05:55.940 +To have your neck broken and my neck + +05:55.940 --> 05:58.640 +broken, to be thrown into a river, that's + +05:58.640 --> 06:01.140 +what is good. Who is so tall as to reach + +06:01.140 --> 06:03.760 +the heavens? Who is so broad as to embrace + +06:03.760 --> 06:06.120 +plains and mountains? mountains. If that's + +06:06.120 --> 06:08.260 +so, I should kill your slave. I'd rather + +06:08.260 --> 06:11.120 +you go before me. And does my master + +06:11.120 --> 06:13.060 +believe that he can survive for three days + +06:13.060 --> 06:15.780 +without me?" + +06:26.220 --> 06:27.980 +Well, and just one more poem. + +06:36.660 --> 06:38.700 +Well, why don't I do this? + +06:46.100 --> 06:48.540 +The title of this poem is New Life. + +06:52.820 --> 06:55.360 +And reading it constitutes a world + +06:55.360 --> 06:56.620 +premiere for this poem. + +07:01.940 --> 07:05.480 +I'll try to go as slowly as possible about + +07:05.480 --> 07:09.380 +the lines. New life. + +07:13.500 --> 07:17.620 +Imagine that war is over, that peace has + +07:17.620 --> 07:21.540 +resumed its reign, that you can still make + +07:21.540 --> 07:24.840 +a mirror, that it's a cuckoo or a magpie + +07:24.840 --> 07:28.020 +and not the junkers that chirps in the + +07:28.020 --> 07:30.860 +twigs again. That the window frames not + +07:30.860 --> 07:32.800 +the town's rubble but its rococo palms, + +07:33.040 --> 07:36.020 +magnolias, pine trees, tenacious ivy, + +07:36.020 --> 07:39.260 +grass, laurel. That the cast iron lace the + +07:39.260 --> 07:42.020 +moon used to shepherd clouds in endured in + +07:42.020 --> 07:45.200 +the end the onslaught of mimosa plus burst + +07:45.200 --> 07:47.880 +of agave. That life must start from the + +07:47.880 --> 07:51.140 +very threshold. People exit their rooms + +07:51.140 --> 07:54.340 +whose chairs like letters B or else H, + +07:54.700 --> 07:58.240 +shield them from vertigo on occasion. They + +07:58.240 --> 07:59.980 +have used to nobody save themselves + +07:59.980 --> 08:02.620 +pavement flagstones, the rules of + +08:02.620 --> 08:05.160 +multiplication. Thus the impact of + +08:05.160 --> 08:07.320 +statues, of the empty niches more + +08:07.320 --> 08:10.560 +accurately. Well, failing sanctity one + +08:10.560 --> 08:13.520 +still can use is by word. Imagine that + +08:13.520 --> 08:16.660 +this is all true. Imagine you speak of + +08:16.660 --> 08:18.860 +yourself while speaking of them of + +08:18.860 --> 08:21.860 +anything extra, side word. Life Life + +08:21.860 --> 08:24.460 +starts in you indeed like this, with a + +08:24.460 --> 08:27.580 +painted view of a volcanic eruption, of a + +08:27.580 --> 08:30.520 +dinghy high wave's billiger, with that + +08:30.520 --> 08:32.140 +attendant feeling it's only you who + +08:32.140 --> 08:34.500 +surveyed the disaster, with the feeling + +08:34.500 --> 08:36.280 +that you are eager to shift your gaze any + +08:36.280 --> 08:39.260 +moment, catch sight of a couch, a blast of + +08:39.260 --> 08:42.240 +peonies in Chinese ways, sallow against + +08:42.240 --> 08:45.900 +the plaster. They garish colors, they + +08:45.900 --> 08:48.300 +wilting mouths, must be in their turn + +08:48.300 --> 08:51.320 +harbingers of a disaster. Each thing is + +08:51.320 --> 08:53.820 +vulnerable. The very thought about the + +08:53.820 --> 08:55.860 +thing gets quickly forgotten. Things are + +08:55.860 --> 08:59.200 +in truth the leeches of thought. Hence + +08:59.200 --> 09:01.720 +their shapes. Each one is a brain cut out. + +09:02.180 --> 09:05.500 +The attachment to place. The Penelope + +09:05.500 --> 09:07.980 +features that is taste for the future. At + +09:07.980 --> 09:11.160 +sunrise a rooster is heard. Stepping out + +09:11.160 --> 09:13.200 +of the tub, wrapped in the bed sheets, + +09:13.320 --> 09:15.860 +leaning in a hotel. In the new life you + +09:15.860 --> 09:18.140 +learn the the herd of four-legged + +09:18.140 --> 09:20.500 +furniture, mahogany, and cast iron. + +09:20.920 --> 09:24.320 +Imagine that epics shrink into idylls, + +09:24.320 --> 09:27.060 +that words about the converse of flames, + +09:27.160 --> 09:30.620 +long tongues, of that raging sermon which + +09:30.620 --> 09:32.680 +used to devour your betters greedily like + +09:32.680 --> 09:36.280 +dry wood, that flame found it difficult to + +09:36.280 --> 09:38.280 +determine your worth, not to mention + +09:38.280 --> 09:40.820 +warmth. That's why you've survived intact. + +09:41.600 --> 09:44.040 +That's why you can stomach apathy. That's + +09:44.040 --> 09:46.060 +why you feel fit to mingle with Pomona, + +09:46.060 --> 09:48.440 +Vertumni, Ceres, this place is packed + +09:48.440 --> 09:51.020 +with. That's why on your lips is this + +09:51.020 --> 09:54.100 +shepherd's jingle. For how long can one + +09:54.100 --> 09:57.900 +justify oneself? However you hide the ace, + +09:58.120 --> 10:01.060 +the table gets hit with jacks of some old + +10:01.060 --> 10:05.000 +suit or tailor. Imagine the more sincere + +10:05.000 --> 10:07.740 +the voice, the less it retains the trace + +10:07.740 --> 10:10.500 +of love for no matter what, of anger, of + +10:10.500 --> 10:13.540 +tears, of terror. Imagine your wireless + +10:13.540 --> 10:17.300 +catching at times your old anthems hum. + +10:17.900 --> 10:20.480 +Imagine that here too each letter is + +10:20.480 --> 10:23.240 +trailed by a weaning retinue of its likes, + +10:23.440 --> 10:26.300 +forming blindly now Betsy, now Ibrahim, + +10:26.500 --> 10:28.920 +dragging the pen past the limits of + +10:28.920 --> 10:31.860 +alphabet and meaning. Twilight in the the + +10:31.860 --> 10:37.060 +new life, cicadas that don't relent, a + +10:37.060 --> 10:40.080 +classicist perspective that lacks a tank + +10:40.080 --> 10:43.080 +or burying that dank fog patches to + +10:43.080 --> 10:46.200 +obfuscate its end, a bare parquet floor + +10:46.200 --> 10:49.700 +that never sustained a tango. In the new + +10:49.700 --> 10:52.060 +life they don't beg the moment, stay, + +10:52.420 --> 10:55.000 +brought to a standstill, it quickly + +10:55.000 --> 10:57.980 +succumbs to dotage, and your features on + +10:57.980 --> 11:00.040 +top of that are glazed enough anyway to + +11:00.040 --> 11:03.120 +scratch on their mat side high and attach + +11:03.120 --> 11:07.080 +the postage. The white stuccoed walls of a + +11:07.080 --> 11:11.760 +room are turning more white because of a + +11:11.760 --> 11:14.880 +glance shot in their direction and boding + +11:14.880 --> 11:17.540 +censure, steep not so much in great + +11:17.540 --> 11:20.320 +meadows' morose repose as in the + +11:20.320 --> 11:22.380 +spectrum's lack of their self-negating + +11:22.380 --> 11:25.180 +tincture. A thing can be pardoned plenty, + +11:25.560 --> 11:28.480 +especially when it comes, zones, where it + +11:28.480 --> 11:31.560 +reaches its end, ultimately one's unbound + +11:31.560 --> 11:34.740 +curiosity about these empty zones, about + +11:34.740 --> 11:37.860 +this objectless vista is what art seems to + +11:37.860 --> 11:40.920 +be all about. In the new life, a cloud is + +11:40.920 --> 11:44.500 +better than the bright sun. The rain, akin + +11:44.500 --> 11:47.500 +to self-knowledge, appears perpetual. On + +11:47.500 --> 11:50.140 +the other hand, an unexpected train you + +11:50.140 --> 11:51.840 +don't wait for alone on the platform + +11:51.840 --> 11:55.340 +arrives on schedule. A sail is passing its + +11:55.340 --> 11:59.140 +judgment on the horizon's lie. The eye + +11:59.140 --> 12:00.980 +tracks the sleeping self, though it's the + +12:00.980 --> 12:04.280 +foam that's famous. And should anyone ask + +12:04.280 --> 12:08.260 +you, who are you? You reply, who? I? I am + +12:08.260 --> 12:10.960 +nobody, as Ulysses once muttered to + +12:10.960 --> 12:11.560 +Polyphemus. + +12:30.780 --> 12:33.740 +That's an old poem. Okay, I'll do that. + +12:41.640 --> 12:43.900 +I was asked to read you one more poem. + +12:44.980 --> 12:47.060 +It's an old poem indeed, and if I can find + +12:47.060 --> 12:48.080 +it, I'll read it to you. + +12:56.500 --> 12:58.820 +Well, let me see. Maybe I should look at + +12:58.820 --> 12:59.540 +the table of comments. + +13:17.060 --> 13:19.620 +Charles Junkerman from Humanity Center + +13:19.620 --> 13:22.280 +asked me to read this poem and I can't + +13:22.280 --> 13:25.080 +deny my host. + +13:29.620 --> 13:31.980 +The title of this poem is, it's an old + +13:31.980 --> 13:35.880 +poem, it's about 20 years ago, it's called + +13:35.880 --> 13:37.100 +Odysseus to Telemachus. + +13:41.400 --> 13:45.260 +My dear Telemachus, the Trojan War is over + +13:45.260 --> 13:48.760 +now. I don't recall who won it, the Greeks + +13:48.760 --> 13:51.680 +no doubt, for only they would leave so + +13:51.680 --> 13:53.940 +many dead so far from their own homeland. + +13:54.440 --> 13:58.300 +But still, my homeward way has proved too + +13:58.300 --> 14:00.940 +long. While we were wasting time there, + +14:01.120 --> 14:03.840 +old Poseidon, it almost seems, stretched + +14:03.840 --> 14:07.640 +an extended space. I don't know where I am + +14:07.640 --> 14:10.740 +or what this place can be. It would appear + +14:10.740 --> 14:13.300 +some filthy island with bushes, buildings + +14:13.300 --> 14:15.600 +and great grunting hunting pigs, a garden + +14:15.600 --> 14:18.300 +choked with weeds, some queen or other, + +14:18.440 --> 14:22.540 +grass and huge stones. Telemachus, my son, + +14:23.360 --> 14:25.340 +to wander the faces of all islands + +14:25.340 --> 14:28.540 +resemble one another and the mind trips + +14:28.540 --> 14:31.780 +numbering waves, eyes soar from sea + +14:31.780 --> 14:34.680 +horizons, run and the flesh of water + +14:34.680 --> 14:38.280 +stuffs the ears. I can't remember how the + +14:38.280 --> 14:41.480 +war came out, even how old you are, I + +14:41.480 --> 14:44.120 +can't remember. Remember, grow up then, my + +14:44.120 --> 14:47.560 +Telemachus, grow strong. Only the gods + +14:47.560 --> 14:49.840 +know if we'll see each other again. You've + +14:49.840 --> 14:52.280 +long since ceased to be that babe before + +14:52.280 --> 14:55.100 +whom I reined in the plowing bullocks. Had + +14:55.100 --> 14:58.960 +it not been for Palamedes' trick, we two + +14:58.960 --> 15:01.000 +would still be living in one household. + +15:01.600 --> 15:05.400 +But maybe he was right. Away from me. You + +15:05.400 --> 15:07.680 +are quite safe from all Oedipal passions. + +15:08.160 --> 15:10.960 +And your dreams, my Telemachus, are + +15:10.960 --> 15:11.480 +blameless. + +15:25.880 --> 15:28.760 +Okay, I read this poem in Russian. + +15:34.180 --> 15:41.340 +odyssey telemark my telemark Trojan war is + +15:41.340 --> 15:46.240 +over who won I don't remember there must + +15:46.240 --> 15:49.540 +be Greeks so many dead people can't be + +15:49.540 --> 15:53.880 +thrown away only Greeks can and still the + +15:53.880 --> 15:57.600 +host home the road The road seemed too + +15:57.600 --> 16:01.200 +long, like Poseidon While we were there, + +16:01.400 --> 16:05.780 +we lost time, stretched the space I don't + +16:05.780 --> 16:09.120 +know where I am, what's in front of me + +16:09.120 --> 16:12.840 +Some dirty island, bushes, buildings, + +16:13.400 --> 16:16.980 +growling of pigs A overgrown garden, some + +16:16.980 --> 16:20.980 +kind of queen, grass to the stones A cute + +16:20.980 --> 16:23.940 +telemark, all the islands look like each + +16:23.940 --> 16:26.640 +other When you've been wandering for so + +16:26.640 --> 16:28.920 +long, and your mind is already breaking + +16:28.920 --> 16:32.100 +down, counting the waves. Your eyes are + +16:32.100 --> 16:34.900 +covered with a sunken horizon, and your + +16:34.900 --> 16:38.160 +mouth is covered with water. I don't + +16:38.160 --> 16:41.200 +remember how the war ended, and how many + +16:41.200 --> 16:43.420 +years have you been, I don't remember. + +16:43.940 --> 16:48.760 +Grow, my big one, grow, my telemark. Only + +16:48.760 --> 16:51.380 +the gods know whether we'll meet again. + +17:17.860 --> 17:20.660 +Thank you. + +17:37.620 --> 17:38.620 +Thank you very much. + +17:52.740 --> 17:55.720 +Thank you very much. You appear to be very + +17:55.720 --> 18:00.580 +patient people. Thank you. Thank you. + +19:07.540 --> 19:10.340 +Thank you. + +19:33.400 --> 19:36.200 +Thank you. + +20:03.520 --> 20:04.000 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tw602gm2722_b_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tw602gm2722_b_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4df842c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tw602gm2722_b_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,959 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:04.600 --> 00:07.360 +David Shainberg Reviewer 1 Dates back to + +00:07.360 --> 00:13.040 +the 11th or 10th century BC. And it's + +00:13.040 --> 00:15.220 +known among Sumerian scholars as dialogue + +00:15.220 --> 00:19.500 +on pessimism. Well, that's one set of + +00:19.500 --> 00:23.380 +scholars think of this poem as a dialogue + +00:23.380 --> 00:25.820 +on pessimism. The other set of scholars, + +00:26.060 --> 00:31.220 +presumably now as numerous, claims that + +00:31.220 --> 00:33.200 +it's being sort of a theatrical skit. + +00:33.600 --> 00:35.580 +Well, you will decide yourself what it is. + +00:36.540 --> 00:40.160 +If you can help it in the course of my + +00:40.160 --> 00:42.520 +reading it to you, don't just laugh. Don't + +00:42.520 --> 00:43.200 +laugh so readily. + +00:46.360 --> 00:49.100 +Well, it's about two pages, basically. + +00:55.940 --> 01:01.220 +slave come slave come to my service slave + +01:01.220 --> 01:04.640 +come to my service yes my master yes quick + +01:04.640 --> 01:07.580 +fetch my chariot hitch up the course the + +01:07.580 --> 01:10.520 +horses i'll drive to the palace drive to + +01:10.520 --> 01:12.680 +the palace my master drive to the palace + +01:12.680 --> 01:15.200 +the king will be pleased to see you he + +01:15.200 --> 01:18.100 +will be benevolent to you no slave i won't + +01:18.100 --> 01:20.340 +go go to the palace. Don't, my master, + +01:20.480 --> 01:23.140 +don't go to the palace. The king will send + +01:23.140 --> 01:25.320 +you on a faraway expedition down the + +01:25.320 --> 01:27.540 +unknown road through hostile mountains. + +01:27.820 --> 01:29.580 +Day and night he will make you experience + +01:29.580 --> 01:32.540 +pain and hardship. Slave, come to my + +01:32.540 --> 01:35.820 +service. Yes, my master, yes. Fetch water, + +01:36.140 --> 01:38.240 +pour it over my hands. I am to eat my + +01:38.240 --> 01:40.920 +supper. Eat your supper, my master, eat + +01:40.920 --> 01:43.320 +your supper. Frequent meals glutton one's + +01:43.320 --> 01:45.560 +heart. Man's supper is the supper of his + +01:45.560 --> 01:47.820 +God and clean hands catch the eye of + +01:47.820 --> 01:50.660 +Shamash. No slave, I won't eat my supper. + +01:50.940 --> 01:53.120 +Don't eat your supper, master. Don't eat + +01:53.120 --> 01:55.380 +your supper. Drink and thirst, food and + +01:55.380 --> 01:57.460 +hunger. Never leave men alone that alone + +01:57.460 --> 02:00.140 +each other. Slave, come to my service. + +02:00.300 --> 02:02.640 +Yes, my master, yes. Quick, fetch my + +02:02.640 --> 02:04.440 +chariot, hitch up the horses. I'll go for + +02:04.440 --> 02:06.580 +a ride in the country. Do that, my master, + +02:06.680 --> 02:09.080 +do that. A carefree wanderer always feels + +02:09.080 --> 02:11.980 +his belly. A stray dog always finds a + +02:11.980 --> 02:14.080 +bone. A migrating swallow is especially + +02:14.080 --> 02:16.520 +skilled in nesting. A wild donkey finds + +02:16.520 --> 02:19.020 +the grass in the driest desert. No slave, + +02:19.240 --> 02:20.840 +I won't go for a ride in the country. + +02:21.080 --> 02:24.200 +Don't go, my master, don't bother. The lot + +02:24.200 --> 02:27.080 +of a wanderer is always dicey. A stray dog + +02:27.080 --> 02:29.180 +loses its teeth. The nest of a migrating + +02:29.180 --> 02:31.780 +swallow gets buried in plaster. Naked + +02:31.780 --> 02:34.520 +earth is a wild donkey's bedding. Slave, + +02:34.720 --> 02:37.840 +come to my service. Yes, my master, yes. I + +02:37.840 --> 02:39.220 +feel like starting a family, like + +02:39.220 --> 02:41.260 +begetting children good thinking my master + +02:41.260 --> 02:44.580 +start a family start a family who has + +02:44.580 --> 02:46.460 +children secures his name repeated in + +02:46.460 --> 02:49.380 +posthumous prayers no slave I won't start + +02:49.380 --> 02:52.240 +a family I won't have children don't start + +02:52.240 --> 02:55.260 +at my master don't have them a family is + +02:55.260 --> 02:58.120 +like a broken door is hinges creaking only + +02:58.120 --> 03:00.360 +a third of a once children are healthy two + +03:00.360 --> 03:02.500 +-thirds always sickly so should I start a + +03:02.500 --> 03:05.220 +family don't start a family who starts a + +03:05.220 --> 03:08.140 +family waste his ancestral house slave + +03:08.140 --> 03:11.880 +come to my service yes my master yes i + +03:11.880 --> 03:13.880 +shall deal to my enemy in the court i will + +03:13.880 --> 03:16.480 +still silent before my detractors right my + +03:16.480 --> 03:19.240 +master right yield to your enemy keep + +03:19.240 --> 03:21.240 +silence my master before detractors no + +03:21.240 --> 03:23.340 +slave i won't be silent and i won't yield + +03:23.340 --> 03:25.940 +don't heal my master and don't be silent + +03:25.940 --> 03:28.180 +even if you don't open your mouth at all + +03:28.180 --> 03:30.200 +your enemies will be merciless and cruel + +03:30.200 --> 03:33.500 +to you as well as numerous slave come to + +03:33.500 --> 03:37.620 +my service yes my master yes I feel looked + +03:37.620 --> 03:40.520 +like doing some evil and do that my master + +03:40.520 --> 03:42.860 +by all means do some evil for how + +03:42.860 --> 03:44.760 +otherwise can you stuff your belly how + +03:44.760 --> 03:47.060 +without doing evil you can you dress + +03:47.060 --> 03:49.360 +yourself warmly no slave I shall do no + +03:49.360 --> 03:51.880 +evil evil doers I either killed of laid + +03:51.880 --> 03:54.220 +alive and blinded or blind and inflate + +03:54.220 --> 03:56.640 +alive and thrown into a dungeon slave come + +03:56.640 --> 04:00.020 +to my service Yes, my master, yes. I'll + +04:00.020 --> 04:01.820 +fall in love with a woman. Fall in love + +04:01.820 --> 04:04.480 +with my master. Fall in love. Who falls in + +04:04.480 --> 04:06.140 +love with a woman forgets his griefs and + +04:06.140 --> 04:08.660 +sorrows. No slave. I won't fall in love + +04:08.660 --> 04:11.580 +with a woman. Don't love, my master. Don't + +04:11.580 --> 04:14.360 +love. Woman is a snare, a trap, a dark + +04:14.360 --> 04:16.740 +pit. Woman is a sharp steel blade slitting + +04:16.740 --> 04:19.620 +man's throat in darkness. Slave, come to + +04:19.620 --> 04:22.840 +my service. Yes, my master, yes. Quick + +04:22.840 --> 04:25.900 +fetch water to wash my hands. I am to make + +04:25.900 --> 04:28.000 +an offering to my God. Make an offering. + +04:28.320 --> 04:30.480 +Make an offering. Who makes offering to + +04:30.480 --> 04:32.860 +his God fills his heart with riches. He + +04:32.860 --> 04:35.800 +feels generous and his purse is open. No + +04:35.800 --> 04:38.500 +slave. I won't make an offering. Rightly + +04:38.500 --> 04:41.140 +so, my master. Rightly so. Can you really + +04:41.140 --> 04:42.680 +train your God to follow you like a + +04:42.680 --> 04:45.240 +doggie? All the time he demands obedience, + +04:45.500 --> 04:48.900 +retail, sacrifices. Slave, come to my + +04:48.900 --> 04:51.720 +service. Yes, my master, yes. I will + +04:51.720 --> 04:53.880 +invest with interest. I will loan for the + +04:53.880 --> 04:56.180 +interest. Yes, invest with interest, make + +04:56.180 --> 04:57.920 +loans for the interest. Who does, + +04:58.060 --> 04:59.880 +preserves his own, his profit though is + +04:59.880 --> 05:02.760 +enormous, is enormous. No slave, I won't + +05:02.760 --> 05:05.000 +lend and I won't invest. Don't invest, my + +05:05.000 --> 05:07.840 +master, don't lend. To lend is like loving + +05:07.840 --> 05:09.720 +a woman, to receive like siring but + +05:09.720 --> 05:12.040 +children. People always curse those whose + +05:12.040 --> 05:15.320 +grain they eat. They resent you and try to + +05:15.320 --> 05:17.800 +reduce your profit. Slave, come to my + +05:17.800 --> 05:21.700 +service. Yes, my master, yes. I shall do a + +05:21.700 --> 05:23.540 +good deed for my nation. Very good, my + +05:23.540 --> 05:25.780 +master, very good. You do that. Who does + +05:25.780 --> 05:27.640 +good deeds for his nation has his name in + +05:27.640 --> 05:31.400 +Marduk's gold signet. No slave. I won't do + +05:31.400 --> 05:33.480 +a good deed for my nation. Don't do that, + +05:33.500 --> 05:36.300 +my master. Don't bother. Get up and stroll + +05:36.300 --> 05:38.960 +across ancient ruins. scant the skulls of + +05:38.960 --> 05:41.380 +simple folk and nobles. Which one of them + +05:41.380 --> 05:43.600 +was a villain? Which one? A benefactor? + +05:44.200 --> 05:46.860 +Slave, come to my service. Yes, my master, + +05:46.920 --> 05:51.580 +yes. If all this is so, then what is good? + +05:52.520 --> 05:55.940 +To have your neck broken and my neck + +05:55.940 --> 05:58.640 +broken, to be thrown into a river, that's + +05:58.640 --> 06:01.140 +what is good. Who is so tall as to reach + +06:01.140 --> 06:03.760 +the heavens? Who is so broad as to embrace + +06:03.760 --> 06:06.120 +plains and mountains? mountains. If that's + +06:06.120 --> 06:08.260 +so, I should kill your slave. I'd rather + +06:08.260 --> 06:11.120 +you go before me. And does my master + +06:11.120 --> 06:13.060 +believe that he can survive for three days + +06:13.060 --> 06:15.780 +without me?" + +06:26.220 --> 06:27.980 +Well, and just one more poem. + +06:36.660 --> 06:38.700 +Well, why don't I do this? + +06:46.100 --> 06:48.540 +The title of this poem is New Life. + +06:52.820 --> 06:55.360 +And reading it constitutes a world + +06:55.360 --> 06:56.620 +premiere for this poem. + +07:01.940 --> 07:05.480 +I'll try to go as slowly as possible about + +07:05.480 --> 07:09.380 +the lines. New life. + +07:13.500 --> 07:17.620 +Imagine that war is over, that peace has + +07:17.620 --> 07:21.540 +resumed its reign, that you can still make + +07:21.540 --> 07:24.840 +a mirror, that it's a cuckoo or a magpie + +07:24.840 --> 07:28.020 +and not the junkers that chirps in the + +07:28.020 --> 07:30.860 +twigs again. That the window frames not + +07:30.860 --> 07:32.800 +the town's rubble but its rococo palms, + +07:33.040 --> 07:36.020 +magnolias, pine trees, tenacious ivy, + +07:36.020 --> 07:39.260 +grass, laurel. That the cast iron lace the + +07:39.260 --> 07:42.020 +moon used to shepherd clouds in endured in + +07:42.020 --> 07:45.200 +the end the onslaught of mimosa plus burst + +07:45.200 --> 07:47.880 +of agave. That life must start from the + +07:47.880 --> 07:51.140 +very threshold. People exit their rooms + +07:51.140 --> 07:54.340 +whose chairs like letters B or else H, + +07:54.700 --> 07:58.240 +shield them from vertigo on occasion. They + +07:58.240 --> 07:59.980 +have used to nobody save themselves + +07:59.980 --> 08:02.620 +pavement flagstones, the rules of + +08:02.620 --> 08:05.160 +multiplication. Thus the impact of + +08:05.160 --> 08:07.320 +statues, of the empty niches more + +08:07.320 --> 08:10.560 +accurately. Well, failing sanctity one + +08:10.560 --> 08:13.520 +still can use is by word. Imagine that + +08:13.520 --> 08:16.660 +this is all true. Imagine you speak of + +08:16.660 --> 08:18.860 +yourself while speaking of them of + +08:18.860 --> 08:21.860 +anything extra, side word. Life Life + +08:21.860 --> 08:24.460 +starts in you indeed like this, with a + +08:24.460 --> 08:27.580 +painted view of a volcanic eruption, of a + +08:27.580 --> 08:30.520 +dinghy high wave's billiger, with that + +08:30.520 --> 08:32.140 +attendant feeling it's only you who + +08:32.140 --> 08:34.500 +surveyed the disaster, with the feeling + +08:34.500 --> 08:36.280 +that you are eager to shift your gaze any + +08:36.280 --> 08:39.260 +moment, catch sight of a couch, a blast of + +08:39.260 --> 08:42.240 +peonies in Chinese ways, sallow against + +08:42.240 --> 08:45.900 +the plaster. They garish colors, they + +08:45.900 --> 08:48.300 +wilting mouths, must be in their turn + +08:48.300 --> 08:51.320 +harbingers of a disaster. Each thing is + +08:51.320 --> 08:53.820 +vulnerable. The very thought about the + +08:53.820 --> 08:55.860 +thing gets quickly forgotten. Things are + +08:55.860 --> 08:59.200 +in truth the leeches of thought. Hence + +08:59.200 --> 09:01.720 +their shapes. Each one is a brain cut out. + +09:02.180 --> 09:05.500 +The attachment to place. The Penelope + +09:05.500 --> 09:07.980 +features that is taste for the future. At + +09:07.980 --> 09:11.160 +sunrise a rooster is heard. Stepping out + +09:11.160 --> 09:13.200 +of the tub, wrapped in the bed sheets, + +09:13.320 --> 09:15.860 +leaning in a hotel. In the new life you + +09:15.860 --> 09:18.140 +learn the the herd of four-legged + +09:18.140 --> 09:20.500 +furniture, mahogany, and cast iron. + +09:20.920 --> 09:24.320 +Imagine that epics shrink into idylls, + +09:24.320 --> 09:27.060 +that words about the converse of flames, + +09:27.160 --> 09:30.620 +long tongues, of that raging sermon which + +09:30.620 --> 09:32.680 +used to devour your betters greedily like + +09:32.680 --> 09:36.280 +dry wood, that flame found it difficult to + +09:36.280 --> 09:38.280 +determine your worth, not to mention + +09:38.280 --> 09:40.820 +warmth. That's why you've survived intact. + +09:41.600 --> 09:44.040 +That's why you can stomach apathy. That's + +09:44.040 --> 09:46.060 +why you feel fit to mingle with Pomona, + +09:46.060 --> 09:48.440 +Vertumni, Ceres, this place is packed + +09:48.440 --> 09:51.020 +with. That's why on your lips is this + +09:51.020 --> 09:54.100 +shepherd's jingle. For how long can one + +09:54.100 --> 09:57.900 +justify oneself? However you hide the ace, + +09:58.120 --> 10:01.060 +the table gets hit with jacks of some old + +10:01.060 --> 10:05.000 +suit or tailor. Imagine the more sincere + +10:05.000 --> 10:07.740 +the voice, the less it retains the trace + +10:07.740 --> 10:10.500 +of love for no matter what, of anger, of + +10:10.500 --> 10:13.540 +tears, of terror. Imagine your wireless + +10:13.540 --> 10:17.300 +catching at times your old anthems hum. + +10:17.900 --> 10:20.480 +Imagine that here too each letter is + +10:20.480 --> 10:23.240 +trailed by a weaning retinue of its likes, + +10:23.440 --> 10:26.300 +forming blindly now Betsy, now Ibrahim, + +10:26.500 --> 10:28.920 +dragging the pen past the limits of + +10:28.920 --> 10:31.860 +alphabet and meaning. Twilight in the the + +10:31.860 --> 10:37.060 +new life, cicadas that don't relent, a + +10:37.060 --> 10:40.080 +classicist perspective that lacks a tank + +10:40.080 --> 10:43.080 +or burying that dank fog patches to + +10:43.080 --> 10:46.200 +obfuscate its end, a bare parquet floor + +10:46.200 --> 10:49.700 +that never sustained a tango. In the new + +10:49.700 --> 10:52.060 +life they don't beg the moment, stay, + +10:52.420 --> 10:55.000 +brought to a standstill, it quickly + +10:55.000 --> 10:57.980 +succumbs to dotage, and your features on + +10:57.980 --> 11:00.040 +top of that are glazed enough anyway to + +11:00.040 --> 11:03.120 +scratch on their mat side high and attach + +11:03.120 --> 11:07.080 +the postage. The white stuccoed walls of a + +11:07.080 --> 11:11.760 +room are turning more white because of a + +11:11.760 --> 11:14.880 +glance shot in their direction and boding + +11:14.880 --> 11:17.540 +censure, steep not so much in great + +11:17.540 --> 11:20.320 +meadows' morose repose as in the + +11:20.320 --> 11:22.380 +spectrum's lack of their self-negating + +11:22.380 --> 11:25.180 +tincture. A thing can be pardoned plenty, + +11:25.560 --> 11:28.480 +especially when it comes, zones, where it + +11:28.480 --> 11:31.560 +reaches its end, ultimately one's unbound + +11:31.560 --> 11:34.740 +curiosity about these empty zones, about + +11:34.740 --> 11:37.860 +this objectless vista is what art seems to + +11:37.860 --> 11:40.920 +be all about. In the new life, a cloud is + +11:40.920 --> 11:44.500 +better than the bright sun. The rain, akin + +11:44.500 --> 11:47.500 +to self-knowledge, appears perpetual. On + +11:47.500 --> 11:50.140 +the other hand, an unexpected train you + +11:50.140 --> 11:51.840 +don't wait for alone on the platform + +11:51.840 --> 11:55.340 +arrives on schedule. A sail is passing its + +11:55.340 --> 11:59.140 +judgment on the horizon's lie. The eye + +11:59.140 --> 12:00.980 +tracks the sleeping self, though it's the + +12:00.980 --> 12:04.280 +foam that's famous. And should anyone ask + +12:04.280 --> 12:08.260 +you, who are you? You reply, who? I? I am + +12:08.260 --> 12:10.960 +nobody, as Ulysses once muttered to + +12:10.960 --> 12:11.560 +Polyphemus. + +12:30.780 --> 12:33.740 +That's an old poem. Okay, I'll do that. + +12:41.640 --> 12:43.900 +I was asked to read you one more poem. + +12:44.980 --> 12:47.060 +It's an old poem indeed, and if I can find + +12:47.060 --> 12:48.080 +it, I'll read it to you. + +12:56.500 --> 12:58.820 +Well, let me see. Maybe I should look at + +12:58.820 --> 12:59.540 +the table of comments. + +13:17.060 --> 13:19.620 +Charles Junkerman from Humanity Center + +13:19.620 --> 13:22.280 +asked me to read this poem and I can't + +13:22.280 --> 13:25.080 +deny my host. + +13:29.620 --> 13:31.980 +The title of this poem is, it's an old + +13:31.980 --> 13:35.880 +poem, it's about 20 years ago, it's called + +13:35.880 --> 13:37.100 +Odysseus to Telemachus. + +13:41.400 --> 13:45.260 +My dear Telemachus, the Trojan War is over + +13:45.260 --> 13:48.760 +now. I don't recall who won it, the Greeks + +13:48.760 --> 13:51.680 +no doubt, for only they would leave so + +13:51.680 --> 13:53.940 +many dead so far from their own homeland. + +13:54.440 --> 13:58.300 +But still, my homeward way has proved too + +13:58.300 --> 14:00.940 +long. While we were wasting time there, + +14:01.120 --> 14:03.840 +old Poseidon, it almost seems, stretched + +14:03.840 --> 14:07.640 +an extended space. I don't know where I am + +14:07.640 --> 14:10.740 +or what this place can be. It would appear + +14:10.740 --> 14:13.300 +some filthy island with bushes, buildings + +14:13.300 --> 14:15.600 +and great grunting hunting pigs, a garden + +14:15.600 --> 14:18.300 +choked with weeds, some queen or other, + +14:18.440 --> 14:22.540 +grass and huge stones. Telemachus, my son, + +14:23.360 --> 14:25.340 +to wander the faces of all islands + +14:25.340 --> 14:28.540 +resemble one another and the mind trips + +14:28.540 --> 14:31.780 +numbering waves, eyes soar from sea + +14:31.780 --> 14:34.680 +horizons, run and the flesh of water + +14:34.680 --> 14:38.280 +stuffs the ears. I can't remember how the + +14:38.280 --> 14:41.480 +war came out, even how old you are, I + +14:41.480 --> 14:44.120 +can't remember. Remember, grow up then, my + +14:44.120 --> 14:47.560 +Telemachus, grow strong. Only the gods + +14:47.560 --> 14:49.840 +know if we'll see each other again. You've + +14:49.840 --> 14:52.280 +long since ceased to be that babe before + +14:52.280 --> 14:55.100 +whom I reined in the plowing bullocks. Had + +14:55.100 --> 14:58.960 +it not been for Palamedes' trick, we two + +14:58.960 --> 15:01.000 +would still be living in one household. + +15:01.600 --> 15:05.400 +But maybe he was right. Away from me. You + +15:05.400 --> 15:07.680 +are quite safe from all Oedipal passions. + +15:08.160 --> 15:10.960 +And your dreams, my Telemachus, are + +15:10.960 --> 15:11.480 +blameless. + +15:25.880 --> 15:28.760 +Okay, I read this poem in Russian. + +15:34.180 --> 15:41.340 +odyssey telemark my telemark Trojan war is + +15:41.340 --> 15:46.240 +over who won I don't remember there must + +15:46.240 --> 15:49.540 +be Greeks so many dead people can't be + +15:49.540 --> 15:53.880 +thrown away only Greeks can and still the + +15:53.880 --> 15:57.600 +host home the road The road seemed too + +15:57.600 --> 16:01.200 +long, like Poseidon While we were there, + +16:01.400 --> 16:05.780 +we lost time, stretched the space I don't + +16:05.780 --> 16:09.120 +know where I am, what's in front of me + +16:09.120 --> 16:12.840 +Some dirty island, bushes, buildings, + +16:13.400 --> 16:16.980 +growling of pigs A overgrown garden, some + +16:16.980 --> 16:20.980 +kind of queen, grass to the stones A cute + +16:20.980 --> 16:23.940 +telemark, all the islands look like each + +16:23.940 --> 16:32.860 +other a young manter + +16:32.860 --> 16:33.100 +from + +16:36.300 --> 16:40.540 +me I don't remember how the war ended And + +16:40.540 --> 16:44.360 +how old you are now I don't remember Grow + +16:44.360 --> 16:49.420 +up, my big telemark, grow up Only the gods + +16:49.420 --> 16:53.420 +know Will we meet again You are no longer + +16:53.420 --> 16:57.000 +the same young man Before whom I held the + +16:57.000 --> 16:59.820 +bulls Like a long-lived palm tree We lived + +16:59.820 --> 17:04.100 +together But maybe he's right Without me + +17:04.100 --> 17:06.320 +you are saved from the passions of the + +17:06.320 --> 17:11.360 +Oedipus, and your dreams, my telemark, are + +17:11.360 --> 17:11.480 +flawless. + +17:37.620 --> 17:38.700 +Thank you very much. + +17:52.420 --> 17:55.720 +Thank you very much. You appear to be very + +17:55.720 --> 18:00.580 +patient people. Thank you. Thank you. + +18:40.020 --> 18:41.660 +Thank you. + +19:09.500 --> 19:10.340 +Thank you. + +19:38.520 --> 19:41.320 +Thank you. + +20:11.620 --> 20:11.680 +Thank you. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tw602gm2722_b_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tw602gm2722_b_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..65c900a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/tw602gm2722_b_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html @@ -0,0 +1,315 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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reference
transcript
f1David Shainberg Reviewer 1 Dates back to the 11th or 10th century BC.f1David Shainberg Reviewer 1 Dates back to the 11th or 10th century BC.
2And it's known among Sumerian scholars as dialogue on pessimism.2And it's known among Sumerian scholars as dialogue on pessimism.
3Well, that's one set of scholars think of this poem as a dialogue on pessimism.3Well, that's one set of scholars think of this poem as a dialogue on pessimism.
4The other set of scholars, presumably now as numerous, claims that it's being so4The other set of scholars, presumably now as numerous, claims that it's being so
>rt of a theatrical skit.>rt of a theatrical skit.
5Well, you will decide yourself what it is.5Well, you will decide yourself what it is.
6If you can help it in the course of my reading it to you, don't just laugh.6If you can help it in the course of my reading it to you, don't just laugh.
7Don't laugh so readily.7Don't laugh so readily.
8Well, it's about two pages, basically.8Well, it's about two pages, basically.
9slave come slave come to my service slave come to my service yes my master yes q9slave come slave come to my service slave come to my service yes my master yes q
>uick fetch my chariot hitch up the course the horses i'll drive to the palace dr>uick fetch my chariot hitch up the course the horses i'll drive to the palace dr
>ive to the palace my master drive to the palace the king will be pleased to see >ive to the palace my master drive to the palace the king will be pleased to see 
>you he will be benevolent to you no slave i won't go go to the palace.>you he will be benevolent to you no slave i won't go go to the palace.
10Don't, my master, don't go to the palace.10Don't, my master, don't go to the palace.
11The king will send you on a faraway expedition down the unknown road through hos11The king will send you on a faraway expedition down the unknown road through hos
>tile mountains.>tile mountains.
12Day and night he will make you experience pain and hardship.12Day and night he will make you experience pain and hardship.
13Slave, come to my service.13Slave, come to my service.
14Yes, my master, yes.14Yes, my master, yes.
15Fetch water, pour it over my hands.15Fetch water, pour it over my hands.
16I am to eat my supper.16I am to eat my supper.
17Eat your supper, my master, eat your supper.17Eat your supper, my master, eat your supper.
18Frequent meals glutton one's heart.18Frequent meals glutton one's heart.
19Man's supper is the supper of his God and clean hands catch the eye of Shamash.19Man's supper is the supper of his God and clean hands catch the eye of Shamash.
20No slave, I won't eat my supper.20No slave, I won't eat my supper.
21Don't eat your supper, master.21Don't eat your supper, master.
22Don't eat your supper.22Don't eat your supper.
23Drink and thirst, food and hunger.23Drink and thirst, food and hunger.
24Never leave men alone that alone each other.24Never leave men alone that alone each other.
25Slave, come to my service.25Slave, come to my service.
26Yes, my master, yes.26Yes, my master, yes.
27Quick, fetch my chariot, hitch up the horses.27Quick, fetch my chariot, hitch up the horses.
28I'll go for a ride in the country.28I'll go for a ride in the country.
29Do that, my master, do that.29Do that, my master, do that.
30A carefree wanderer always feels his belly.30A carefree wanderer always feels his belly.
31A stray dog always finds a bone.31A stray dog always finds a bone.
32A migrating swallow is especially skilled in nesting.32A migrating swallow is especially skilled in nesting.
33A wild donkey finds the grass in the driest desert.33A wild donkey finds the grass in the driest desert.
34No slave, I won't go for a ride in the country.34No slave, I won't go for a ride in the country.
35Don't go, my master, don't bother.35Don't go, my master, don't bother.
36The lot of a wanderer is always dicey.36The lot of a wanderer is always dicey.
37A stray dog loses its teeth.37A stray dog loses its teeth.
38The nest of a migrating swallow gets buried in plaster.38The nest of a migrating swallow gets buried in plaster.
39Naked earth is a wild donkey's bedding.39Naked earth is a wild donkey's bedding.
40Slave, come to my service.40Slave, come to my service.
41Yes, my master, yes.41Yes, my master, yes.
42I feel like starting a family, like begetting children good thinking my master s42I feel like starting a family, like begetting children good thinking my master s
>tart a family start a family who has children secures his name repeated in posth>tart a family start a family who has children secures his name repeated in posth
>umous prayers no slave I won't start a family I won't have children don't start >umous prayers no slave I won't start a family I won't have children don't start 
>at my master don't have them a family is like a broken door is hinges creaking o>at my master don't have them a family is like a broken door is hinges creaking o
>nly a third of a once children are healthy two -thirds always sickly so should I>nly a third of a once children are healthy two -thirds always sickly so should I
> start a family don't start a family who starts a family waste his ancestral hou> start a family don't start a family who starts a family waste his ancestral hou
>se slave come to my service yes my master yes i shall deal to my enemy in the co>se slave come to my service yes my master yes i shall deal to my enemy in the co
>urt i will still silent before my detractors right my master right yield to your>urt i will still silent before my detractors right my master right yield to your
> enemy keep silence my master before detractors no slave i won't be silent and i> enemy keep silence my master before detractors no slave i won't be silent and i
> won't yield don't heal my master and don't be silent even if you don't open you> won't yield don't heal my master and don't be silent even if you don't open you
>r mouth at all your enemies will be merciless and cruel to you as well as numero>r mouth at all your enemies will be merciless and cruel to you as well as numero
>us slave come to my service yes my master yes I feel looked like doing some evil>us slave come to my service yes my master yes I feel looked like doing some evil
> and do that my master by all means do some evil for how otherwise can you stuff> and do that my master by all means do some evil for how otherwise can you stuff
> your belly how without doing evil you can you dress yourself warmly no slave I > your belly how without doing evil you can you dress yourself warmly no slave I 
>shall do no evil evil doers I either killed of laid alive and blinded or blind a>shall do no evil evil doers I either killed of laid alive and blinded or blind a
>nd inflate alive and thrown into a dungeon slave come to my service Yes, my mast>nd inflate alive and thrown into a dungeon slave come to my service Yes, my mast
>er, yes.>er, yes.
43I'll fall in love with a woman.43I'll fall in love with a woman.
44Fall in love with my master.44Fall in love with my master.
45Fall in love.45Fall in love.
46Who falls in love with a woman forgets his griefs and sorrows.46Who falls in love with a woman forgets his griefs and sorrows.
47No slave.47No slave.
48I won't fall in love with a woman.48I won't fall in love with a woman.
49Don't love, my master.49Don't love, my master.
50Don't love.50Don't love.
51Woman is a snare, a trap, a dark pit.51Woman is a snare, a trap, a dark pit.
52Woman is a sharp steel blade slitting man's throat in darkness.52Woman is a sharp steel blade slitting man's throat in darkness.
53Slave, come to my service.53Slave, come to my service.
54Yes, my master, yes.54Yes, my master, yes.
55Quick fetch water to wash my hands.55Quick fetch water to wash my hands.
56I am to make an offering to my God.56I am to make an offering to my God.
57Make an offering.57Make an offering.
58Make an offering.58Make an offering.
59Who makes offering to his God fills his heart with riches.59Who makes offering to his God fills his heart with riches.
60He feels generous and his purse is open.60He feels generous and his purse is open.
61No slave.61No slave.
62I won't make an offering.62I won't make an offering.
63Rightly so, my master.63Rightly so, my master.
64Rightly so.64Rightly so.
65Can you really train your God to follow you like a doggie?65Can you really train your God to follow you like a doggie?
66All the time he demands obedience, retail, sacrifices.66All the time he demands obedience, retail, sacrifices.
67Slave, come to my service.67Slave, come to my service.
68Yes, my master, yes.68Yes, my master, yes.
69I will invest with interest.69I will invest with interest.
70I will loan for the interest.70I will loan for the interest.
71Yes, invest with interest, make loans for the interest.71Yes, invest with interest, make loans for the interest.
72Who does, preserves his own, his profit though is enormous, is enormous.72Who does, preserves his own, his profit though is enormous, is enormous.
73No slave, I won't lend and I won't invest.73No slave, I won't lend and I won't invest.
74Don't invest, my master, don't lend.74Don't invest, my master, don't lend.
75To lend is like loving a woman, to receive like siring but children.75To lend is like loving a woman, to receive like siring but children.
76People always curse those whose grain they eat.76People always curse those whose grain they eat.
77They resent you and try to reduce your profit.77They resent you and try to reduce your profit.
78Slave, come to my service.78Slave, come to my service.
79Yes, my master, yes.79Yes, my master, yes.
80I shall do a good deed for my nation.80I shall do a good deed for my nation.
81Very good, my master, very good.81Very good, my master, very good.
82You do that.82You do that.
83Who does good deeds for his nation has his name in Marduk's gold signet.83Who does good deeds for his nation has his name in Marduk's gold signet.
84No slave.84No slave.
85I won't do a good deed for my nation.85I won't do a good deed for my nation.
86Don't do that, my master.86Don't do that, my master.
87Don't bother.87Don't bother.
88Get up and stroll across ancient ruins.88Get up and stroll across ancient ruins.
89scant the skulls of simple folk and nobles.89scant the skulls of simple folk and nobles.
90Which one of them was a villain?90Which one of them was a villain?
91Which one?91Which one?
92A benefactor?92A benefactor?
93Slave, come to my service.93Slave, come to my service.
94Yes, my master, yes.94Yes, my master, yes.
95If all this is so, then what is good?95If all this is so, then what is good?
96To have your neck broken and my neck broken, to be thrown into a river, that's w96To have your neck broken and my neck broken, to be thrown into a river, that's w
>hat is good.>hat is good.
97Who is so tall as to reach the heavens?97Who is so tall as to reach the heavens?
98Who is so broad as to embrace plains and mountains?98Who is so broad as to embrace plains and mountains?
99mountains.99mountains.
100If that's so, I should kill your slave.100If that's so, I should kill your slave.
101I'd rather you go before me.101I'd rather you go before me.
102And does my master believe that he can survive for three days without me?" Well,102And does my master believe that he can survive for three days without me?" Well,
> and just one more poem.> and just one more poem.
103Well, why don't I do this?103Well, why don't I do this?
104The title of this poem is New Life.104The title of this poem is New Life.
105And reading it constitutes a world premiere for this poem.105And reading it constitutes a world premiere for this poem.
106I'll try to go as slowly as possible about the lines.106I'll try to go as slowly as possible about the lines.
107New life.107New life.
108Imagine that war is over, that peace has resumed its reign, that you can still m108Imagine that war is over, that peace has resumed its reign, that you can still m
>ake a mirror, that it's a cuckoo or a magpie and not the junkers that chirps in >ake a mirror, that it's a cuckoo or a magpie and not the junkers that chirps in 
>the twigs again.>the twigs again.
109That the window frames not the town's rubble but its rococo palms, magnolias, pi109That the window frames not the town's rubble but its rococo palms, magnolias, pi
>ne trees, tenacious ivy, grass, laurel.>ne trees, tenacious ivy, grass, laurel.
110That the cast iron lace the moon used to shepherd clouds in endured in the end t110That the cast iron lace the moon used to shepherd clouds in endured in the end t
>he onslaught of mimosa plus burst of agave.>he onslaught of mimosa plus burst of agave.
111That life must start from the very threshold.111That life must start from the very threshold.
112People exit their rooms whose chairs like letters B or else H, shield them from 112People exit their rooms whose chairs like letters B or else H, shield them from 
>vertigo on occasion.>vertigo on occasion.
113They have used to nobody save themselves pavement flagstones, the rules of multi113They have used to nobody save themselves pavement flagstones, the rules of multi
>plication.>plication.
114Thus the impact of statues, of the empty niches more accurately.114Thus the impact of statues, of the empty niches more accurately.
115Well, failing sanctity one still can use is by word.115Well, failing sanctity one still can use is by word.
116Imagine that this is all true.116Imagine that this is all true.
117Imagine you speak of yourself while speaking of them of anything extra, side wor117Imagine you speak of yourself while speaking of them of anything extra, side wor
>d.>d.
118Life Life starts in you indeed like this, with a painted view of a volcanic erup118Life Life starts in you indeed like this, with a painted view of a volcanic erup
>tion, of a dinghy high wave's billiger, with that attendant feeling it's only yo>tion, of a dinghy high wave's billiger, with that attendant feeling it's only yo
>u who surveyed the disaster, with the feeling that you are eager to shift your g>u who surveyed the disaster, with the feeling that you are eager to shift your g
>aze any moment, catch sight of a couch, a blast of peonies in Chinese ways, sall>aze any moment, catch sight of a couch, a blast of peonies in Chinese ways, sall
>ow against the plaster.>ow against the plaster.
119They garish colors, they wilting mouths, must be in their turn harbingers of a d119They garish colors, they wilting mouths, must be in their turn harbingers of a d
>isaster.>isaster.
120Each thing is vulnerable.120Each thing is vulnerable.
121The very thought about the thing gets quickly forgotten.121The very thought about the thing gets quickly forgotten.
122Things are in truth the leeches of thought.122Things are in truth the leeches of thought.
123Hence their shapes.123Hence their shapes.
124Each one is a brain cut out.124Each one is a brain cut out.
125The attachment to place.125The attachment to place.
126The Penelope features that is taste for the future.126The Penelope features that is taste for the future.
127At sunrise a rooster is heard.127At sunrise a rooster is heard.
128Stepping out of the tub, wrapped in the bed sheets, leaning in a hotel.128Stepping out of the tub, wrapped in the bed sheets, leaning in a hotel.
129In the new life you learn the the herd of four-legged furniture, mahogany, and c129In the new life you learn the the herd of four-legged furniture, mahogany, and c
>ast iron.>ast iron.
130Imagine that epics shrink into idylls, that words about the converse of flames, 130Imagine that epics shrink into idylls, that words about the converse of flames, 
>long tongues, of that raging sermon which used to devour your betters greedily l>long tongues, of that raging sermon which used to devour your betters greedily l
>ike dry wood, that flame found it difficult to determine your worth, not to ment>ike dry wood, that flame found it difficult to determine your worth, not to ment
>ion warmth.>ion warmth.
131That's why you've survived intact.131That's why you've survived intact.
132That's why you can stomach apathy.132That's why you can stomach apathy.
133That's why you feel fit to mingle with Pomona, Vertumni, Ceres, this place is pa133That's why you feel fit to mingle with Pomona, Vertumni, Ceres, this place is pa
>cked with.>cked with.
134That's why on your lips is this shepherd's jingle.134That's why on your lips is this shepherd's jingle.
135For how long can one justify oneself?135For how long can one justify oneself?
136However you hide the ace, the table gets hit with jacks of some old suit or tail136However you hide the ace, the table gets hit with jacks of some old suit or tail
>or.>or.
137Imagine the more sincere the voice, the less it retains the trace of love for no137Imagine the more sincere the voice, the less it retains the trace of love for no
> matter what, of anger, of tears, of terror.> matter what, of anger, of tears, of terror.
138Imagine your wireless catching at times your old anthems hum.138Imagine your wireless catching at times your old anthems hum.
139Imagine that here too each letter is trailed by a weaning retinue of its likes, 139Imagine that here too each letter is trailed by a weaning retinue of its likes, 
>forming blindly now Betsy, now Ibrahim, dragging the pen past the limits of alph>forming blindly now Betsy, now Ibrahim, dragging the pen past the limits of alph
>abet and meaning.>abet and meaning.
140Twilight in the the new life, cicadas that don't relent, a classicist perspectiv140Twilight in the the new life, cicadas that don't relent, a classicist perspectiv
>e that lacks a tank or burying that dank fog patches to obfuscate its end, a bar>e that lacks a tank or burying that dank fog patches to obfuscate its end, a bar
>e parquet floor that never sustained a tango.>e parquet floor that never sustained a tango.
141In the new life they don't beg the moment, stay, brought to a standstill, it qui141In the new life they don't beg the moment, stay, brought to a standstill, it qui
>ckly succumbs to dotage, and your features on top of that are glazed enough anyw>ckly succumbs to dotage, and your features on top of that are glazed enough anyw
>ay to scratch on their mat side high and attach the postage.>ay to scratch on their mat side high and attach the postage.
142The white stuccoed walls of a room are turning more white because of a glance sh142The white stuccoed walls of a room are turning more white because of a glance sh
>ot in their direction and boding censure, steep not so much in great meadows' mo>ot in their direction and boding censure, steep not so much in great meadows' mo
>rose repose as in the spectrum's lack of their self-negating tincture.>rose repose as in the spectrum's lack of their self-negating tincture.
143A thing can be pardoned plenty, especially when it comes, zones, where it reache143A thing can be pardoned plenty, especially when it comes, zones, where it reache
>s its end, ultimately one's unbound curiosity about these empty zones, about thi>s its end, ultimately one's unbound curiosity about these empty zones, about thi
>s objectless vista is what art seems to be all about.>s objectless vista is what art seems to be all about.
144In the new life, a cloud is better than the bright sun.144In the new life, a cloud is better than the bright sun.
145The rain, akin to self-knowledge, appears perpetual.145The rain, akin to self-knowledge, appears perpetual.
146On the other hand, an unexpected train you don't wait for alone on the platform 146On the other hand, an unexpected train you don't wait for alone on the platform 
>arrives on schedule.>arrives on schedule.
147A sail is passing its judgment on the horizon's lie.147A sail is passing its judgment on the horizon's lie.
148The eye tracks the sleeping self, though it's the foam that's famous.148The eye tracks the sleeping self, though it's the foam that's famous.
149And should anyone ask you, who are you?149And should anyone ask you, who are you?
150You reply, who?150You reply, who?
151I?151I?
152I am nobody, as Ulysses once muttered to Polyphemus.152I am nobody, as Ulysses once muttered to Polyphemus.
153That's an old poem.153That's an old poem.
154Okay, I'll do that.154Okay, I'll do that.
155I was asked to read you one more poem.155I was asked to read you one more poem.
156It's an old poem indeed, and if I can find it, I'll read it to you.156It's an old poem indeed, and if I can find it, I'll read it to you.
157Well, let me see.157Well, let me see.
158Maybe I should look at the table of comments.158Maybe I should look at the table of comments.
159Charles Junkerman from Humanity Center asked me to read this poem and I can't de159Charles Junkerman from Humanity Center asked me to read this poem and I can't de
>ny my host.>ny my host.
160The title of this poem is, it's an old poem, it's about 20 years ago, it's calle160The title of this poem is, it's an old poem, it's about 20 years ago, it's calle
>d Odysseus to Telemachus.>d Odysseus to Telemachus.
161My dear Telemachus, the Trojan War is over now.161My dear Telemachus, the Trojan War is over now.
162I don't recall who won it, the Greeks no doubt, for only they would leave so man162I don't recall who won it, the Greeks no doubt, for only they would leave so man
>y dead so far from their own homeland.>y dead so far from their own homeland.
163But still, my homeward way has proved too long.163But still, my homeward way has proved too long.
164While we were wasting time there, old Poseidon, it almost seems, stretched an ex164While we were wasting time there, old Poseidon, it almost seems, stretched an ex
>tended space.>tended space.
165I don't know where I am or what this place can be.165I don't know where I am or what this place can be.
166It would appear some filthy island with bushes, buildings and great grunting hun166It would appear some filthy island with bushes, buildings and great grunting hun
>ting pigs, a garden choked with weeds, some queen or other, grass and huge stone>ting pigs, a garden choked with weeds, some queen or other, grass and huge stone
>s.>s.
167Telemachus, my son, to wander the faces of all islands resemble one another and 167Telemachus, my son, to wander the faces of all islands resemble one another and 
>the mind trips numbering waves, eyes soar from sea horizons, run and the flesh o>the mind trips numbering waves, eyes soar from sea horizons, run and the flesh o
>f water stuffs the ears.>f water stuffs the ears.
168I can't remember how the war came out, even how old you are, I can't remember.168I can't remember how the war came out, even how old you are, I can't remember.
169Remember, grow up then, my Telemachus, grow strong.169Remember, grow up then, my Telemachus, grow strong.
170Only the gods know if we'll see each other again.170Only the gods know if we'll see each other again.
171You've long since ceased to be that babe before whom I reined in the plowing bul171You've long since ceased to be that babe before whom I reined in the plowing bul
>locks.>locks.
172Had it not been for Palamedes' trick, we two would still be living in one househ172Had it not been for Palamedes' trick, we two would still be living in one househ
>old.>old.
173But maybe he was right.173But maybe he was right.
174Away from me.174Away from me.
175You are quite safe from all Oedipal passions.175You are quite safe from all Oedipal passions.
176And your dreams, my Telemachus, are blameless.176And your dreams, my Telemachus, are blameless.
177Okay, I read this poem in Russian.177Okay, I read this poem in Russian.
n178odyssey telemark my telemark Trojan war is over who won I don't remember there mn178odyssey telemark my telemark Trojan war is over who won I don't remember there m
>ust be Greeks so many dead people can't be thrown away only Greeks can and still>ust be Greeks so many dead people can't be thrown away only Greeks can and still
> the host home the road The road seemed too long, like Poseidon While we were th> the host home the road The road seemed too long, like Poseidon While we were th
>ere, we lost time, stretched the space I don't know where I am, what's in front >ere, we lost time, stretched the space I don't know where I am, what's in front 
>of me Some dirty island, bushes, buildings, growling of pigs A overgrown garden,>of me Some dirty island, bushes, buildings, growling of pigs A overgrown garden,
> some kind of queen, grass to the stones A cute telemark, all the islands look l> some kind of queen, grass to the stones A cute telemark, all the islands look l
>ike each other foreign When you wander so long, and your brain is already beatin>ike each other a young manter from me I don't remember how the war ended And how
>g, counting the waves, Your eyes are covered with a horizon, crying, and the wat> old you are now I don't remember Grow up, my big telemark, grow up Only the god
>er's flesh is covered with a sound.>s know Will we meet again You are no longer the same young man Before whom I hel
 >d the bulls Like a long-lived palm tree We lived together But maybe he's right W
 >ithout me you are saved from the passions of the Oedipus, and your dreams, my te
 >lemark, are flawless.
179I don't remember how the war ended, and how old you are now, I don't remember.
180Grow up, my big telemark, grow up! Only the gods know if we will meet again.
181Thank you.
182Thank you very much.179Thank you very much.
183Thank you very much.180Thank you very much.
184You appear to be very patient people.181You appear to be very patient people.
185Thank you.182Thank you.
186Thank you.183Thank you.
187Thank you.184Thank you.
188Thank you.185Thank you.
189Thank you.186Thank you.
tt187Thank you.
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Welcome to CS547. I've just got + +00:21.580 --> 00:25.200 +a few words of administrative stuff. The + +00:25.200 --> 00:27.320 +official sign-in list is right here. It + +00:27.320 --> 00:28.700 +should have everyone's name on it who was + +00:28.700 --> 00:30.680 +here last time. Just give your signature + +00:30.680 --> 00:32.820 +next to it, and that should be enough. If + +00:32.820 --> 00:34.340 +you're not on the list, just put your name + +00:34.340 --> 00:35.980 +at the end. And we've also had some + +00:35.980 --> 00:39.160 +problems in the past with the list sort of + +00:39.160 --> 00:41.060 +being stuck over here. So if you're + +00:41.060 --> 00:42.320 +holding the list over here and it's not + +00:42.320 --> 00:43.960 +going anywhere, make sure it gets over + +00:43.960 --> 00:46.040 +there because that seems to be a perpetual + +00:46.040 --> 00:50.020 +problem. And subbing for today is Karen + +00:50.020 --> 00:51.180 +Butler, and she's going to give an + +00:51.180 --> 00:55.480 +introduction. Yes, I'm substituting for + +00:55.480 --> 00:58.100 +Professor Winograd today. and I just + +00:58.100 --> 01:00.680 +wanted to briefly introduce our speaker + +01:00.680 --> 01:06.120 +for today. Lucy Suchman was one of the + +01:06.120 --> 01:08.520 +first to apply anthropology to the whole + +01:08.520 --> 01:12.600 +area of human-computer interaction. She is + +01:12.600 --> 01:15.300 +the author of Plans and Situated Actions, + +01:15.360 --> 01:16.880 +which came out of her dissertation work. + +01:16.880 --> 01:20.500 +and she has been working at Xerox PARC for + +01:20.500 --> 01:25.660 +several years where she's head of the is + +01:25.660 --> 01:29.220 +it product work practices area and where + +01:29.220 --> 01:31.080 +she's really an expert in work patterns + +01:31.080 --> 01:32.620 +and applying this whole area so she's + +01:32.620 --> 01:34.260 +going to be speaking us to us today about + +01:34.260 --> 01:37.760 +some of her work in this area thank you + +01:46.880 --> 01:47.000 +OK. + +01:59.220 --> 02:01.880 +Oh, it's the left-right problem, I see. + +02:05.300 --> 02:09.340 +I have to reverse the little clip. + +02:21.640 --> 02:25.480 +Okay, is that as it's supposed to be as + +02:25.480 --> 02:30.400 +far as you can tell? Okay, my talk today + +02:30.400 --> 02:33.860 +is, the title is Putting Working Document + +02:33.860 --> 02:36.440 +Collections Online, and I'm going to use a + +02:36.440 --> 02:38.780 +current project that I'm involved with as + +02:38.780 --> 02:42.280 +a kind of illustration of the work that I + +02:42.280 --> 02:44.820 +and my colleagues at Xerox PARC have been + +02:44.820 --> 02:47.620 +doing, and this is very much a joint + +02:47.620 --> 02:50.420 +project with my colleagues Jeanette + +02:50.420 --> 02:52.520 +Blomberg, who's also an anthropologist, + +02:53.180 --> 02:55.500 +Randy Trigg, who's a computer scientist, + +02:55.720 --> 02:57.020 +and David Levy, who's a computer + +02:57.020 --> 02:59.400 +scientist. So this is a thoroughly + +02:59.400 --> 03:02.500 +collaborative effort that I'm presenting + +03:02.500 --> 03:06.180 +to you today. And as you'll see, the title + +03:06.180 --> 03:08.120 +is Putting Working Document Collections + +03:08.120 --> 03:11.040 +Online. That's sort of the more general + +03:11.040 --> 03:13.240 +project, and then the more specific + +03:13.240 --> 03:14.680 +instance of it that I'm going to be + +03:14.680 --> 03:17.000 +talking about is located in a particular + +03:17.000 --> 03:20.020 +organization, namely our beloved State + +03:20.020 --> 03:22.380 +Department of Transportation, Caltrans. + +03:23.560 --> 03:27.200 +And you'll hear a lot more about that as I + +03:27.200 --> 03:32.760 +go along. I wanted to start out by showing + +03:32.760 --> 03:36.940 +you one model of the problem of current + +03:36.940 --> 03:39.720 +design practice and how to address it. And + +03:39.720 --> 03:42.660 +I'm showing you this because this is not + +03:42.660 --> 03:46.600 +our model. And I'll let you digest it + +03:46.600 --> 03:46.800 +here. + +03:53.120 --> 03:56.440 +So this wonderful cartoon, which I like + +03:56.440 --> 03:59.860 +very much, posits a particular view of + +03:59.860 --> 04:02.540 +what the problem might be with existing + +04:02.540 --> 04:04.460 +design practice and how it might be + +04:04.460 --> 04:07.720 +corrected. And we're interested in viewing + +04:07.720 --> 04:11.040 +both sides of this in a very different + +04:11.040 --> 04:14.280 +way. You know, we see this not as a + +04:14.280 --> 04:16.980 +behavioral problem of individual + +04:16.980 --> 04:19.800 +designers, but as a very complex and + +04:19.800 --> 04:23.520 +multifaceted problem that really includes + +04:23.520 --> 04:26.660 +how design as a practice is currently + +04:26.660 --> 04:32.600 +located within what I think are two self + +04:32.600 --> 04:35.380 +-contained sort of insular environments + +04:35.380 --> 04:37.540 +environments and sort of overly + +04:37.540 --> 04:39.400 +professionalized world so that even + +04:39.400 --> 04:42.080 +designers, practicing designers who would + +04:42.080 --> 04:44.340 +really like to do things in a different + +04:44.340 --> 04:46.720 +way find it quite difficult to do that. + +04:46.880 --> 04:49.080 +And it shifts from being a kind of a + +04:49.080 --> 04:51.340 +psychological problem to being a social + +04:51.340 --> 04:55.180 +problem and one that implicates I think a + +04:55.180 --> 04:57.840 +fairly broad range of forms of social + +04:57.840 --> 04:59.960 +change if we really want want to address + +04:59.960 --> 05:02.940 +it that have to do with how the working + +05:02.940 --> 05:05.820 +relationships of technology production and + +05:05.820 --> 05:08.700 +use are currently organized. I'm not going + +05:08.700 --> 05:11.400 +to elaborate on that today, but that's + +05:11.400 --> 05:14.860 +kind of a framing for how we're looking at + +05:14.860 --> 05:18.160 +the question of design practice and + +05:18.160 --> 05:23.420 +potential changes and improvements to it. + +05:25.000 --> 05:28.980 +And let me give you, just to continue the + +05:28.980 --> 05:31.740 +prelude here a little bit longer, another + +05:31.740 --> 05:34.720 +kind of motivating view of our motivating + +05:34.720 --> 05:38.620 +problem. Any of you who have heard me talk + +05:38.620 --> 05:40.280 +before have probably seen this slide + +05:40.280 --> 05:42.600 +because I'm very fond of it. I apologize + +05:42.600 --> 05:46.300 +for any repetition. But it's an image + +05:46.300 --> 05:49.980 +that's taken from an ad in a computing + +05:49.980 --> 05:53.260 +magazine a few years back. and the + +05:53.260 --> 05:56.520 +question that it asks is why do this at + +05:56.520 --> 05:58.280 +the top you have the sort of proverbial + +05:58.280 --> 06:00.560 +paper napkin on which brilliant ideas have + +06:00.560 --> 06:02.580 +been scribbled over the course of a lunch + +06:02.580 --> 06:05.280 +and so the question is why do this use a + +06:05.280 --> 06:07.680 +paper napkin when you can do this and it's + +06:07.680 --> 06:09.560 +a little hard to see but we've got these + +06:09.560 --> 06:11.980 +two guys sitting at a very small table and + +06:11.980 --> 06:14.700 +they have a laptop in between them and of + +06:14.700 --> 06:16.220 +course it's not clear you know where they + +06:16.220 --> 06:18.300 +would put their lunch or their napkins or + +06:18.300 --> 06:20.200 +whatever but you know it's a little bit of + +06:20.200 --> 06:23.940 +poetic or artistic license here. And the + +06:23.940 --> 06:26.880 +project that we've taken on, I think of it + +06:26.880 --> 06:29.120 +as taking this as a serious question. So + +06:29.120 --> 06:31.280 +rather than treating it as a kind of + +06:31.280 --> 06:33.100 +rhetorical question, as I think the + +06:33.100 --> 06:34.860 +writers of this ad copy do, you know, the + +06:34.860 --> 06:36.700 +answer to this question is self-evident, + +06:36.780 --> 06:39.080 +we're saying, well, you know, what might + +06:39.080 --> 06:41.480 +be the reasons that you would do this + +06:41.480 --> 06:44.920 +given the opportunity to do that? And that + +06:44.920 --> 06:49.460 +starts by taking existing artifacts + +06:49.460 --> 06:53.320 +seriously. Paper napkins as, you know, for + +06:53.320 --> 06:56.420 +us an extremely relevant artifact in so + +06:56.420 --> 06:58.040 +far as, in this case, it's been turned + +06:58.040 --> 07:00.400 +into a document. And that's what we're + +07:00.400 --> 07:02.920 +interested in at Xerox. But so let's start + +07:02.920 --> 07:05.640 +by seeing what are the media that people + +07:05.640 --> 07:07.540 +are using at present. And what are the + +07:07.540 --> 07:09.300 +particular resources that those media + +07:09.300 --> 07:12.100 +provide? and have that as a background + +07:12.100 --> 07:14.580 +that informs the answer to the question, + +07:14.820 --> 07:18.140 +how is the introduction of new media, how + +07:18.140 --> 07:19.780 +does the introduction of new media relate + +07:19.780 --> 07:23.360 +to the use of existing media? So we want + +07:23.360 --> 07:25.320 +to take it as a serious question. We also + +07:25.320 --> 07:29.280 +want to, again, I think that this image + +07:29.280 --> 07:32.340 +assumes that we're in a situation where + +07:32.340 --> 07:34.540 +we're going from one medium to the next. + +07:34.660 --> 07:36.000 +So it's going to be a wholesale + +07:36.000 --> 07:39.220 +displacement transformation. this is the + +07:39.220 --> 07:43.020 +paperless office sort of fantasy. And + +07:43.020 --> 07:47.680 +instead, we're going to assume that we are + +07:47.680 --> 07:49.640 +now and will continue to be living in a + +07:49.640 --> 07:54.140 +world made up of multiple media. That for + +07:54.140 --> 07:57.760 +a lot of both practical reasons, paper is + +07:57.760 --> 07:59.600 +going to be staying around. It's just + +07:59.600 --> 08:01.800 +tremendously, there's a very, very + +08:01.800 --> 08:05.000 +extensive investment in paper media that + +08:05.000 --> 08:07.140 +can't be transformed overnight. night and + +08:07.140 --> 08:11.200 +also of course as people like my + +08:11.200 --> 08:13.680 +colleagues Abby Sellin and Richard Harper + +08:13.680 --> 08:16.520 +at the Cambridge lab of Xerox have pointed + +08:16.520 --> 08:19.460 +out paper has certain affordances that are + +08:19.460 --> 08:22.700 +that are quite powerful and effective so + +08:22.700 --> 08:24.960 +for both practical reasons and because + +08:24.960 --> 08:29.120 +paper is a useful medium we are going to + +08:29.120 --> 08:30.720 +continue to live in a world that's made up + +08:30.720 --> 08:35.320 +of multiple media and the sense I have is + +08:35.320 --> 08:37.600 +that you know we might just be becoming + +08:37.600 --> 08:39.940 +sophisticated enough technologically that + +08:39.940 --> 08:44.040 +we can actually design for a world that + +08:44.040 --> 08:46.140 +includes both paper and digital media and + +08:46.140 --> 08:49.040 +that involves of course making it much + +08:49.040 --> 08:52.420 +easier for people to move between those + +08:52.420 --> 08:54.700 +media so that's the goal is supporting + +08:54.700 --> 08:56.960 +multiple media and and relations between + +08:56.960 --> 08:59.080 +them rather than you know transforming + +08:59.080 --> 09:03.500 +ourselves from paper to digital. And then + +09:03.500 --> 09:06.580 +finally the kind of reworking that we want + +09:06.580 --> 09:10.680 +to do of this image is rather than taking + +09:10.680 --> 09:13.100 +the artifacts, the technologies that we're + +09:13.100 --> 09:15.760 +interested in as these objects floating in + +09:15.760 --> 09:18.640 +white space as they are so nicely here, we + +09:18.640 --> 09:21.620 +want to locate them in the environments + +09:21.620 --> 09:23.060 +where they're actually going to be used. + +09:23.060 --> 09:26.600 +And that means going out into work sites + +09:26.600 --> 09:28.560 +and seeing how it is that people are + +09:28.560 --> 09:31.780 +actually using the artifacts and the + +09:31.780 --> 09:33.960 +technologies that we're interested in in + +09:33.960 --> 09:35.560 +the course of their everyday activities. + +09:37.700 --> 09:40.660 +Okay, so with that kind of background, + +09:41.180 --> 09:43.900 +what I'm going to try to do in the time + +09:43.900 --> 09:46.400 +that remains is first a little bit of an + +09:46.400 --> 09:49.000 +introduction, again, to give you a sense + +09:49.000 --> 09:51.920 +of a couple of general aspects of the + +09:51.920 --> 09:53.660 +approach that we're taking. The first, + +09:53.800 --> 09:56.040 +what we're calling case-based prototyping, + +09:56.100 --> 09:58.400 +which I'll explain, and then this idea of + +09:58.400 --> 10:01.220 +working document collections. And then + +10:01.220 --> 10:04.020 +having sort of talked briefly about those + +10:04.020 --> 10:06.620 +two general ideas, move into the specific + +10:06.620 --> 10:08.300 +project that we're involved with at + +10:08.300 --> 10:10.800 +Caltrans, and in particular our work with + +10:10.800 --> 10:12.680 +their project files, and then the + +10:12.680 --> 10:16.520 +prototype that we've developed to address + +10:16.520 --> 10:21.400 +the problems that we've found. Okay, so + +10:21.400 --> 10:24.540 +first of all case-based prototypes. This + +10:24.540 --> 10:28.960 +is another kind of framing image for the + +10:28.960 --> 10:32.060 +work that we're doing, which is focused on + +10:32.060 --> 10:36.120 +this idea of the project of design being + +10:36.120 --> 10:38.940 +artful integration. that increasingly + +10:38.940 --> 10:43.260 +design is as much if not more about + +10:43.260 --> 10:47.460 +embedding artifacts and technologies new + +10:47.460 --> 10:50.860 +in new ways into existing environments as + +10:50.860 --> 10:53.980 +it is about inventing things completely de + +10:53.980 --> 10:56.720 +novo so and the things that we're trying + +10:56.720 --> 11:01.580 +to integrate are both to integrate the + +11:01.580 --> 11:03.860 +technology both with the activities that + +11:03.860 --> 11:05.220 +people are engaged in with their work + +11:05.220 --> 11:07.120 +practices and with the rest of their + +11:07.120 --> 11:09.560 +technology environment. And a sort of + +11:09.560 --> 11:12.940 +center for that for us is what we're + +11:12.940 --> 11:14.820 +calling case-based prototypes. Case-based + +11:14.820 --> 11:18.040 +because these are prototypes that actually + +11:18.040 --> 11:22.220 +incorporate real work, some understanding + +11:22.220 --> 11:24.460 +of real work practices and work materials + +11:24.460 --> 11:27.080 +into them in contrast to some of the + +11:27.080 --> 11:29.880 +demonstration prototypes that we have + +11:29.880 --> 11:32.160 +around that take some kind of a generic + +11:32.160 --> 11:35.180 +corpus of materials and try to show what + +11:35.180 --> 11:37.460 +it would be like to work with the system. + +11:37.700 --> 11:40.400 +And our experience is that when people are + +11:40.400 --> 11:42.360 +assessing a prototype that actually has + +11:42.360 --> 11:45.160 +their documents in it, their work + +11:45.160 --> 11:48.280 +materials, they have a base for doing that + +11:48.280 --> 11:50.980 +assessment that's much, much richer than + +11:50.980 --> 11:54.360 +if they're looking at the Encyclopedia + +11:54.360 --> 11:56.460 +Britannica or something that we all kind + +11:56.460 --> 11:58.260 +of recognize but none of us is actively + +11:58.260 --> 12:00.840 +engaged with. So it strengthens the + +12:00.840 --> 12:02.560 +grounds on which people can assess the + +12:02.560 --> 12:06.300 +prototype. And then the other piece of + +12:06.300 --> 12:07.900 +integration that we're trying to do in our + +12:07.900 --> 12:11.420 +prototypes is to bring together the work + +12:11.420 --> 12:13.580 +that people are doing with both emerging + +12:13.580 --> 12:15.760 +park technologies and existing Xerox + +12:15.760 --> 12:16.920 +technologies. So we're trying to + +12:16.920 --> 12:19.360 +configure, sort of craft together an + +12:19.360 --> 12:21.320 +interesting relationship between those + +12:21.320 --> 12:23.280 +things, and the prototype is the + +12:23.280 --> 12:25.900 +manifestation, the demonstration of that. + +12:25.900 --> 12:29.080 +And the particular focus for us has been + +12:29.080 --> 12:30.860 +this relationship between paper and + +12:30.860 --> 12:34.260 +digital media, both the kinds of + +12:34.260 --> 12:36.060 +translations that we have to enable + +12:36.060 --> 12:39.280 +between the two and also the kind of + +12:39.280 --> 12:41.260 +cohabitations that we want them to be able + +12:41.260 --> 12:43.240 +to do. What does it mean to live in a + +12:43.240 --> 12:46.360 +world where some of your documents are on + +12:46.360 --> 12:48.220 +paper, some are online, they're shifting + +12:48.220 --> 12:50.400 +back and forth across that border? How do + +12:50.400 --> 12:55.160 +you maintain the coherence across media in + +12:55.160 --> 12:59.260 +that kind of situation? And then given the + +12:59.260 --> 13:01.880 +general strategy of case-based + +13:01.880 --> 13:04.080 +prototyping, the focus that we've taken + +13:04.080 --> 13:07.360 +recently has been this idea of working + +13:07.360 --> 13:09.480 +document collections. And here's a sort of + +13:09.480 --> 13:13.660 +set of defining is probably too strong a + +13:13.660 --> 13:16.080 +term, but characterizing criteria for + +13:16.080 --> 13:18.780 +those. Basically, what we mean by working + +13:18.780 --> 13:21.040 +collections are the documents that are in + +13:21.040 --> 13:23.140 +between the documents that are on your + +13:23.140 --> 13:25.160 +desk at any given moment. Although for + +13:25.160 --> 13:26.720 +most of us, I think many of the documents + +13:26.720 --> 13:28.320 +on our desk should be in our working + +13:28.320 --> 13:30.760 +collection. But the idealized view is that + +13:30.760 --> 13:33.020 +you have this sort of three-part division. + +13:33.300 --> 13:34.760 +You've got your active documents on your + +13:34.760 --> 13:36.860 +desk. You've got documents that are often + +13:36.860 --> 13:39.860 +in archives somewhere, filed some distance + +13:39.860 --> 13:42.860 +from your office. And then you've got your + +13:42.860 --> 13:44.560 +working document collections, the + +13:44.560 --> 13:46.520 +canonical form of this is your file + +13:46.520 --> 13:51.040 +cabinets. And our premise is that many + +13:51.040 --> 13:53.700 +organizations have a tremendous investment + +13:54.100 --> 13:56.360 +in document collections that have this + +13:56.360 --> 13:59.300 +character, and that there's a large + +13:59.300 --> 14:03.080 +opportunity in finding ways to help people + +14:03.080 --> 14:05.500 +partly migrate those collections online, + +14:05.500 --> 14:08.440 +partly integrate those collections with + +14:08.440 --> 14:10.020 +their with their online document + +14:12.080 --> 14:14.140 +repositories the the documents that get + +14:14.140 --> 14:15.780 +into this these collections are + +14:15.780 --> 14:18.420 +selectively saved by people with the idea + +14:18.420 --> 14:20.560 +that they're going to be useful either as + +14:20.560 --> 14:23.020 +a reference or maybe actually to be reused + +14:23.020 --> 14:25.300 +in some way in the future and and very + +14:25.300 --> 14:28.420 +importantly you can it's very difficult to + +14:28.420 --> 14:30.060 +predict what the value of any given + +14:30.060 --> 14:31.620 +document is going to be in advance you + +14:31.620 --> 14:34.120 +couldn't go through most most file + +14:34.120 --> 14:35.680 +cabinets and definitely the collection + +14:35.680 --> 14:36.900 +that I'm going to be talking about at + +14:36.900 --> 14:39.220 +Caltrans and weight the documents + +14:39.220 --> 14:41.520 +according to their value because the value + +14:41.520 --> 14:43.660 +of the document is tied to its + +14:43.660 --> 14:45.300 +availability at the moment when it's + +14:45.300 --> 14:48.680 +needed. It becomes valuable in relation to + +14:48.680 --> 14:50.780 +some ongoing activity. So it's this + +14:50.780 --> 14:54.860 +contingent value that depends much more on + +14:54.860 --> 14:56.560 +the accessibility of the document in + +14:56.560 --> 14:58.500 +relation to the activity than on its + +14:58.500 --> 15:02.260 +intrinsic characteristics. The The + +15:02.260 --> 15:03.760 +documents in the collections that we're + +15:03.760 --> 15:05.800 +looking at are very diverse, both in + +15:05.800 --> 15:07.440 +quality, they include everything from + +15:07.440 --> 15:10.160 +documents that have been faxed three times + +15:10.160 --> 15:13.520 +and photocopied to very, very nice, + +15:13.580 --> 15:17.360 +cleanly printed ASCII documents, and also + +15:17.360 --> 15:19.960 +very variable in format, and I'll show you + +15:19.960 --> 15:22.040 +more of that. The thing that interests us + +15:22.040 --> 15:23.980 +about that is, again, a sense that when we + +15:23.980 --> 15:26.780 +look at the document repositories that are + +15:26.780 --> 15:29.900 +often used in research, they tend to be + +15:29.900 --> 15:32.780 +rather homogeneous. So people who are + +15:32.780 --> 15:35.920 +doing different aspects of document image + +15:35.920 --> 15:37.900 +and document recognition and document + +15:37.900 --> 15:40.040 +retrieval work are working with these sort + +15:40.040 --> 15:42.320 +of standard corpora. And when we look at + +15:42.320 --> 15:44.280 +these real world corpora, they have + +15:44.280 --> 15:46.800 +different characteristics that pose some + +15:46.800 --> 15:49.640 +interesting problems and challenges. + +15:50.820 --> 15:53.920 +Document research, document search through + +15:53.920 --> 15:55.960 +these collections relies very heavily on + +15:55.960 --> 15:57.460 +their visual characteristics. I mean this + +15:57.460 --> 15:59.520 +is just a simple observation that when you + +15:59.520 --> 16:02.900 +go to your paper file cabinet, you get a + +16:02.900 --> 16:04.740 +huge amount of information from being able + +16:04.740 --> 16:07.540 +to scan the visual organization of the + +16:07.540 --> 16:09.720 +folders, to open up a folder and scan + +16:09.720 --> 16:11.500 +through the documents that are in there. + +16:11.680 --> 16:14.380 +And so images, we have a very strong + +16:14.380 --> 16:15.900 +emphasis as you'll see on preserving + +16:15.900 --> 16:20.160 +document images. Shared access to the + +16:20.160 --> 16:22.300 +collection is facilitated by its creator. + +16:22.300 --> 16:24.180 +These are collections that generally, you + +16:24.180 --> 16:25.680 +know, they're owned by somebody and that + +16:25.680 --> 16:29.200 +person acts, to the extent that the + +16:29.200 --> 16:30.980 +collections are shared, that person acts + +16:30.980 --> 16:33.200 +effectively as a kind of librarian for the + +16:33.200 --> 16:34.400 +collection. And there are really + +16:34.400 --> 16:36.480 +interesting issues then if you're moving + +16:36.480 --> 16:38.980 +those collections online, giving people + +16:38.980 --> 16:41.580 +distributed access, what happens to the + +16:41.580 --> 16:44.820 +role of the owner or the collector of the + +16:44.820 --> 16:48.820 +corpus. And then finally, it's important + +16:48.820 --> 16:50.700 +that you can get to these things easily, + +16:50.700 --> 16:53.260 +because often these are documents that, as + +16:53.260 --> 16:54.780 +I said, you need them in the midst of an + +16:54.780 --> 16:56.960 +ongoing activity, and if you can't get a + +16:56.960 --> 16:58.020 +hold of them, you're going to work around + +16:58.020 --> 16:59.820 +it in some way. You're not going to send + +16:59.820 --> 17:01.760 +off and wait a couple of days to get them + +17:01.760 --> 17:04.000 +back. Yeah? Just for a point of + +17:04.000 --> 17:07.080 +clarification, so if we're talking about a + +17:07.080 --> 17:08.980 +facility design, during the actual design + +17:08.980 --> 17:10.880 +process, the documents will be active, + +17:11.360 --> 17:14.340 +whereas once the facility was complete and + +17:14.340 --> 17:16.820 +it goes to management phase, it would be a + +17:16.820 --> 17:18.800 +working collection? No, no. No, I mean, + +17:18.820 --> 17:20.260 +I'm glad you asked that question because + +17:20.260 --> 17:24.460 +it's very much not tied to across a + +17:24.460 --> 17:27.780 +project. Documents move from active to + +17:27.780 --> 17:31.220 +working status in a very dynamic way. I'm + +17:31.220 --> 17:33.500 +thinking more of when a document is on + +17:33.500 --> 17:35.260 +your desk and you're working with it, it's + +17:35.260 --> 17:36.640 +active, and when you stick it in your + +17:36.640 --> 17:37.920 +filing cabinet, it's in your working + +17:37.920 --> 17:39.560 +collection. And in the case that we're + +17:39.560 --> 17:41.400 +looking at, as you'll see, things are + +17:41.400 --> 17:43.280 +coming in and out of the collection all + +17:43.280 --> 17:48.140 +the time. So it's more dynamic than that. + +17:48.500 --> 17:52.400 +Okay, alright so where are we? We're + +17:52.400 --> 17:56.100 +actually spending most of our time in + +17:56.100 --> 17:59.500 +Oakland at Caltrans District 4 + +17:59.500 --> 18:01.100 +headquarters, which is the district that's + +18:01.100 --> 18:03.640 +responsible for the entire Bay area, + +18:03.920 --> 18:05.540 +basically all the roads and the toll + +18:05.540 --> 18:08.880 +bridges in the Bay area. And within the + +18:08.880 --> 18:13.140 +District 4 headquarters, we're working + +18:13.140 --> 18:16.680 +with a particular project team. And if + +18:16.680 --> 18:18.400 +people are interested, I mean there are a + +18:18.400 --> 18:20.660 +lot of practical things to be said about + +18:20.660 --> 18:23.020 +how we got into Caltrans, how once we got + +18:23.020 --> 18:25.080 +to Caltrans we sort of found our way to + +18:25.080 --> 18:27.360 +this particular project. Having to do + +18:27.360 --> 18:29.580 +with, again, the practicalities of sort of + +18:29.580 --> 18:32.020 +crafting a manageable and relevant + +18:32.020 --> 18:35.000 +project. But we are working with the team + +18:35.000 --> 18:37.320 +of engineers who are involved in doing a + +18:37.320 --> 18:38.920 +replacement bridge over the Carcuna + +18:38.920 --> 18:42.280 +Straits, which are in the north part of + +18:42.280 --> 18:45.020 +the San Francisco Bay. and these are, some + +18:45.020 --> 18:46.580 +of you have probably driven across these + +18:46.580 --> 18:49.880 +two bridges, they're a pair of old trestle + +18:49.880 --> 18:54.080 +bridges. This one on your right was built + +18:54.080 --> 18:56.800 +in 1927 and the other one was built in + +18:56.800 --> 19:00.580 +1958. And what's happened is while there's + +19:00.580 --> 19:03.000 +not any new bridge building going on in + +19:03.000 --> 19:06.880 +the Bay Area, there are funds for seismic + +19:06.880 --> 19:10.160 +retrofitting. And Caltrans has made the + +19:10.160 --> 19:12.840 +argument that they're going to retrofit + +19:12.840 --> 19:15.660 +the 58 bridge, but the 27 bridge is + +19:15.660 --> 19:18.340 +sufficiently old and out of date that it + +19:18.340 --> 19:20.580 +doesn't make sense to retrofit it. So they + +19:20.580 --> 19:22.900 +have proposed replacement as a retrofit + +19:22.900 --> 19:24.960 +strategy, which is a phrase I like very + +19:24.960 --> 19:26.940 +much. And that means that they can take + +19:26.940 --> 19:29.580 +funds that have been allocated for seismic + +19:29.580 --> 19:31.280 +retrofitting and use them to build a new + +19:31.280 --> 19:33.460 +bridge, which is what engineers most like + +19:33.460 --> 19:37.020 +to do. So they are actually going to take + +19:37.020 --> 19:39.520 +down the old 27 bridge and put up a new + +19:39.520 --> 19:41.620 +one. And that's the project that we've + +19:41.620 --> 19:42.960 +been following for the last couple of + +19:42.960 --> 19:46.140 +years through, up until now it's largely + +19:46.140 --> 19:48.680 +been what they call the design phase, the + +19:48.680 --> 19:50.880 +environmental phase, where they're going + +19:50.880 --> 19:52.120 +out and doing all of the environmental + +19:52.120 --> 19:54.460 +impact assessments and basically getting + +19:54.460 --> 19:56.080 +permission to go ahead with the project. + +19:56.160 --> 19:57.940 +And they're just now moving into the + +19:57.940 --> 20:02.500 +design phase. Now within, as fascinating + +20:02.500 --> 20:05.200 +as the bridge is, and we've spent a lot of + +20:05.200 --> 20:07.020 +time doing things like following them to + +20:07.020 --> 20:09.940 +town meetings in Crockett where they have + +20:09.940 --> 20:11.620 +talked to the local citizens about the + +20:11.620 --> 20:14.260 +project. For us as anthropologists this is + +20:14.260 --> 20:16.160 +an opportunity to do some very wonderful + +20:16.160 --> 20:19.220 +ethnography of how a bridge gets built and + +20:19.220 --> 20:22.520 +relations between engineers and citizens + +20:22.520 --> 20:25.240 +and that sort of thing. But for us in our + +20:25.240 --> 20:28.320 +capacity as park researchers doing a + +20:28.320 --> 20:31.700 +prototyping project, the focus has been on + +20:31.700 --> 20:34.080 +what are called the project files. And + +20:34.080 --> 20:36.820 +project files are collections that are + +20:36.820 --> 20:39.280 +maintained by every engineering team at + +20:39.280 --> 20:41.920 +Caltrans. It's an obligatory collection + +20:41.920 --> 20:45.340 +that you have to create that is basically + +20:45.340 --> 20:47.520 +a cumulative collection of relevant + +20:47.520 --> 20:50.160 +documents that are created and acquired + +20:50.160 --> 20:53.060 +over the course of a project. And as you + +20:53.060 --> 20:55.800 +can see they are currently kept on paper + +20:55.800 --> 21:00.900 +in three ring binders. And I'll tell you + +21:00.900 --> 21:02.860 +more about them but just to say that one + +21:02.860 --> 21:04.580 +of the things that, you know, when we were + +21:04.580 --> 21:07.300 +again sort of in terms of how a project + +21:07.300 --> 21:09.940 +like ours gets designed, when we were + +21:09.940 --> 21:11.900 +starting to talk with the project team + +21:11.900 --> 21:13.740 +about what they were up to and how we + +21:13.740 --> 21:15.700 +might do some interesting kind of + +21:15.700 --> 21:17.880 +collaboration together, together, we + +21:17.880 --> 21:19.600 +realized that the project files were + +21:19.600 --> 21:23.240 +another instance of what we're calling + +21:23.240 --> 21:24.800 +working document collection and that we + +21:24.800 --> 21:27.300 +had worked with it with an interestingly + +21:27.300 --> 21:30.120 +similar and different collection in our + +21:30.120 --> 21:32.300 +previous project, which was in a law firm, + +21:32.500 --> 21:35.720 +where we worked with a particular attorney + +21:35.720 --> 21:39.120 +taking, again, a paper collection of his + +21:39.120 --> 21:42.340 +documents and moving them online, + +21:42.640 --> 21:44.340 +exploring what it would mean to move them + +21:44.340 --> 21:48.920 +online. So it was for us a way of building + +21:48.920 --> 21:52.020 +on our previous projects, of bringing + +21:52.020 --> 21:54.840 +together the specifics of this particular + +21:54.840 --> 21:59.220 +work site and its practices with a more + +21:59.220 --> 22:02.140 +sort of cumulative general understanding + +22:02.140 --> 22:05.000 +of how these kinds of collections work. + +22:05.000 --> 22:09.340 +work. And the other thing that struck us + +22:09.340 --> 22:12.480 +was, again, as in the law firm collection, + +22:12.840 --> 22:15.280 +the tremendous heterogeneity of the + +22:15.280 --> 22:17.480 +documents that are in the project files. + +22:17.720 --> 22:20.500 +They include a lot of general business + +22:20.500 --> 22:23.960 +documents, letters and memos and reports + +22:23.960 --> 22:27.340 +and spreadsheets and tables and that sort + +22:27.340 --> 22:30.520 +of thing. And then also things like + +22:30.520 --> 22:32.740 +newspaper clippings. So they clip you + +22:32.740 --> 22:34.640 +know, articles that come out about + +22:34.640 --> 22:36.440 +Caltrans that are relevant to the project. + +22:37.120 --> 22:39.320 +And then a lot of interesting more + +22:39.320 --> 22:42.900 +engineering specific documents, maps, and + +22:42.900 --> 22:46.160 +plans of various kinds, all ingeniously + +22:46.160 --> 22:49.300 +folded to fit in an 8.5 by 11 inch binder. + +22:49.560 --> 22:52.240 +So we've got documents of, you know, a lot + +22:52.240 --> 22:54.940 +of different kinds of genre and format, + +22:55.240 --> 22:58.080 +and a lot of different sizes and that sort + +22:58.080 --> 22:59.300 +of thing. So the question is, you know, + +22:59.300 --> 23:00.940 +how are you actually going to deal with + +23:00.940 --> 23:03.560 +this when you're thinking of moving this + +23:03.560 --> 23:07.560 +collection from one medium to another? The + +23:07.560 --> 23:10.120 +other thing that fascinated us was that in + +23:10.120 --> 23:12.120 +spite of the tremendous heterogeneity of + +23:12.120 --> 23:15.180 +these documents, they were all to be filed + +23:15.180 --> 23:17.460 +according to the Caltrans Uniform Filing + +23:17.460 --> 23:22.040 +System, which as a piece of classification + +23:22.040 --> 23:24.640 +is a really, really interesting artifact + +23:24.640 --> 23:27.320 +in its own right. The Caltrans Uniform + +23:27.320 --> 23:31.060 +Filing System is a basically + +23:31.060 --> 23:33.840 +hierarchically nested set of categories + +23:33.840 --> 23:36.740 +that are in principle to be used + +23:36.740 --> 23:39.420 +throughout Caltrans. It's really + +23:39.420 --> 23:41.520 +interesting when you start to look at the + +23:41.520 --> 23:43.460 +Uniform Filing System how incredibly + +23:43.460 --> 23:48.000 +dynamic it becomes. It changes both, it's + +23:48.000 --> 23:49.980 +changed from the sort of central + +23:49.980 --> 23:53.860 +headquarters and then it's changed, it's, + +23:53.860 --> 23:56.920 +you know, with permission customized + +23:56.920 --> 24:01.800 +locally. And so I'll talk more about that + +24:01.800 --> 24:03.300 +when I tell you about the prototype, but + +24:03.300 --> 24:06.120 +the uniform filing system turns out to be + +24:06.120 --> 24:08.800 +in fact a constantly sort of shifting and + +24:08.800 --> 24:12.940 +transformed set of categorization scheme. + +24:13.980 --> 24:15.840 +Another interesting thing about it from + +24:15.840 --> 24:17.240 +the point of view of classification is + +24:17.240 --> 24:18.180 +that it's got all these different + +24:18.180 --> 24:21.160 +interests in it. Partly it's organized by + +24:21.160 --> 24:23.100 +the kind of phases of a project, so it's + +24:23.100 --> 24:26.720 +orienting to producing a kind of archival + +24:26.720 --> 24:28.920 +historical record at the end of the + +24:28.920 --> 24:31.660 +project. It's also oriented to the types + +24:31.660 --> 24:33.620 +of documents, so whether it's + +24:33.620 --> 24:35.640 +correspondence or reports of various + +24:35.640 --> 24:39.260 +kinds, it's oriented to topical issues. + +24:39.260 --> 24:42.280 +and all of these different cross-cutting + +24:42.280 --> 24:45.780 +interests are sort of homogenized and + +24:45.780 --> 24:47.880 +flattened in in this apparently + +24:47.880 --> 24:51.720 +straightforward hierarchical system but of + +24:51.720 --> 24:53.200 +course when you actually go to file + +24:53.200 --> 24:55.940 +documents you run into into that and I'll + +24:55.940 --> 25:01.420 +show you more about that there are there + +25:01.420 --> 25:04.460 +is a perceived problem around around + +25:04.460 --> 25:06.800 +getting documents into the project files. + +25:06.980 --> 25:10.720 +It is a perpetual trouble for people. For + +25:10.720 --> 25:13.220 +all sorts of reasons, certainly in part, I + +25:13.220 --> 25:15.160 +think part of the reason that we're all so + +25:15.160 --> 25:18.880 +behind in our filing is that it's not a + +25:18.880 --> 25:20.780 +straightforward task. For any given + +25:20.780 --> 25:23.220 +document, there are so many possible ways + +25:23.220 --> 25:26.500 +of filing it. And so it's a hard problem, + +25:26.560 --> 25:28.580 +and as a consequence, things pile up. And + +25:28.580 --> 25:31.300 +this is the two-file cardboard box sitting + +25:31.300 --> 25:35.880 +on the desk of the senior engineer. So we + +25:35.880 --> 25:38.420 +became interested in understanding more + +25:38.420 --> 25:41.180 +about what actually is hard about filing + +25:41.180 --> 25:43.600 +documents. Here's another activity which + +25:43.600 --> 25:46.680 +is typically seen as a completely mindless + +25:46.680 --> 25:49.880 +activity, but which somehow when any of us + +25:49.880 --> 25:52.660 +actually goes to try to do it, opens out + +25:52.660 --> 25:55.100 +into something more problematic and what's + +25:55.100 --> 25:57.120 +going on there. So what we did was we + +25:57.120 --> 25:59.540 +spent some time with the senior, The other + +25:59.540 --> 26:01.880 +thing I should say is that at Caltrans, as + +26:01.880 --> 26:04.100 +with many organizations, budgets have been + +26:04.100 --> 26:06.020 +cut. There's very little administrative + +26:06.020 --> 26:08.800 +support. The engineers themselves are + +26:08.800 --> 26:10.800 +responsible for doing the filing of their + +26:10.800 --> 26:14.380 +documents. So we spent some time with the + +26:14.380 --> 26:18.140 +senior project engineer, sitting with him + +26:18.140 --> 26:20.580 +while he worked on trying to file some of + +26:20.580 --> 26:22.180 +these documents that were on his desk that + +26:22.180 --> 26:23.860 +he wanted to get into the project files. + +26:23.860 --> 26:27.160 +And this is my colleague Randy watching + +26:27.160 --> 26:30.000 +sympathetically as Dave sort of talks his + +26:30.000 --> 26:32.440 +way through some filing. And at this point + +26:32.440 --> 26:34.820 +I want to show you a videotape if we're + +26:34.820 --> 26:37.520 +queued up. I'm going to show you a few + +26:37.520 --> 26:44.600 +little bits of recorded Dave filing. And + +26:44.600 --> 26:49.100 +in the first one, let me just orient you a + +26:49.100 --> 26:50.260 +little bit to what you're going to see. + +26:51.460 --> 26:53.440 +Well, I'll show it to you and then just + +26:53.440 --> 26:55.380 +point out what I think are some of the + +26:55.380 --> 26:57.240 +interesting issues. And here's a + +26:57.240 --> 26:59.080 +transcript in case you have any trouble + +26:59.080 --> 27:02.700 +hearing. Can I show the overhead and the + +27:02.700 --> 27:05.800 +tape at the same time or should we? I feel + +27:05.800 --> 27:08.240 +I'm talking to some unknown assistant + +27:08.240 --> 27:12.300 +here. Over there, right? I can't. Okay. So + +27:12.300 --> 27:13.580 +we'll just look at the tape and then I'll + +27:13.580 --> 27:14.460 +put the transcript up. + +27:22.480 --> 27:24.460 +store these things you know like for + +27:24.460 --> 27:28.480 +instance this one right here it's our + +27:28.480 --> 27:33.160 +letter to the FHWA regarding consultation + +27:33.160 --> 27:35.660 +for the Endangered Species Act so there's + +27:35.660 --> 27:37.620 +a permit involved environmental is + +27:37.620 --> 27:40.940 +involved the federal FHWA is involved + +27:40.940 --> 27:42.740 +external agencies so there's all these + +27:42.740 --> 27:45.040 +categories that can conceivably go under + +27:45.040 --> 27:47.980 +and I have to pick one. Then I have to go + +27:47.980 --> 27:49.880 +back and maybe search for because maybe I + +27:49.880 --> 27:52.700 +wasn't thinking the same on the next time + +27:52.700 --> 27:54.260 +when I'm looking back. So that's why it'd + +27:54.260 --> 27:56.800 +be really cool if you know if you can + +27:56.800 --> 27:58.420 +enter these things one like you had you + +27:58.420 --> 28:01.000 +said you could you could have a date or a + +28:01.000 --> 28:03.420 +title or Subject or keyword or whatever. + +28:03.480 --> 28:04.600 +That's why I think it'd be really handy + +28:04.600 --> 28:06.240 +because I'm sitting here and I'm going + +28:06.240 --> 28:06.540 +well + +28:09.260 --> 28:10.980 +Correspondence to federal agencies. Yeah, + +28:10.980 --> 28:13.200 +that's the one I think it is But it could + +28:13.200 --> 28:14.820 +easily be thrown underneath permit. And + +28:14.820 --> 28:17.520 +certainly my assessment may be different + +28:17.520 --> 28:19.960 +than the guy in the next aisle over. Not + +28:19.960 --> 28:21.400 +when he's trying to fire a lady, when + +28:21.400 --> 28:22.360 +they're trying to find him. + +28:25.620 --> 28:27.820 +Okay, so. I don't see what I thought I was + +28:27.820 --> 28:30.660 +looking. I'm going to show you one more. + +28:31.140 --> 28:33.520 +Okay, so, you know, this is all really + +28:33.520 --> 28:36.320 +familiar and mundane stuff. But, you know, + +28:36.360 --> 28:37.700 +it's stuff that we all know, but we've + +28:37.700 --> 28:39.860 +never figured out exactly what to do about + +28:39.860 --> 28:41.560 +it. You know, we've got the problem. + +28:41.560 --> 28:42.980 +you've got multiple alternative + +28:42.980 --> 28:45.880 +categories, any one of which could make + +28:45.880 --> 28:48.240 +sense depending on how you reason about + +28:48.240 --> 28:50.980 +it. Then you've got the problem of how do + +28:50.980 --> 28:52.940 +you align the way you're going to reason + +28:52.940 --> 28:54.560 +about the document when you're filing it + +28:54.560 --> 28:55.680 +and the way you're going to be reasoning + +28:55.680 --> 28:57.680 +about it when you go to look for it. And + +28:57.680 --> 29:00.580 +Dave's uneasy feeling that if he comes up + +29:00.580 --> 29:02.580 +with one sort of logic right now for how + +29:02.580 --> 29:06.120 +to file it, he's trying to anticipate when + +29:06.120 --> 29:08.180 +he goes to look for this thing, how is he + +29:08.180 --> 29:10.360 +likely to be thinking about it. And then + +29:10.360 --> 29:12.840 +finally he worries at the end about the + +29:12.840 --> 29:15.360 +obvious problem of whether the way he + +29:15.360 --> 29:17.360 +thinks about it is going to be the same as + +29:17.360 --> 29:19.640 +the way, you know, the guy or lady, as he + +29:19.640 --> 29:22.100 +says in the next cubicle, overthinks about + +29:22.100 --> 29:24.040 +it. So these are all, you know, familiar + +29:24.040 --> 29:28.080 +kinds of problems around cataloging and + +29:28.080 --> 29:30.460 +filing of documents. Let me show you one + +29:30.460 --> 29:35.180 +more little clip now from the same session + +29:35.180 --> 29:35.660 +with Dave. + +29:39.980 --> 29:43.400 +I guess I would stick it under floodplain + +29:43.400 --> 29:44.320 +evaluations. + +29:46.620 --> 29:49.280 +Where was the other spot? Drainage is + +29:49.280 --> 29:52.320 +usually done during the design phase, and + +29:52.320 --> 29:54.840 +we're not there yet. So that's why I + +29:54.840 --> 29:58.860 +always pick... This is 4D2, 5D2. But see, + +29:58.900 --> 30:01.340 +231 is draft environmental document, which + +30:01.340 --> 30:06.960 +is pretty vague. So I'll never find it. I + +30:06.960 --> 30:08.660 +would probably be more inclined to stick + +30:08.660 --> 30:10.100 +it under drainage even though that's not + +30:10.100 --> 30:13.820 +where it belongs. I don't know what else. + +30:14.220 --> 30:17.460 +That's what I'm going to do. I'm probably + +30:17.460 --> 30:19.000 +not doing it right, but that's what I + +30:19.000 --> 30:21.480 +would do. This is why your system would be + +30:21.480 --> 30:26.500 +nice. So again, another sort of related + +30:26.500 --> 30:29.420 +set of problems here. In the beginning + +30:29.420 --> 30:30.880 +here, he's looking through the uniform + +30:30.880 --> 30:32.520 +filing system itself. itself is like an + +30:32.520 --> 30:34.060 +eight-page document. He's sitting there + +30:34.060 --> 30:35.460 +searching through the uniform filing + +30:35.460 --> 30:37.200 +system for the category that he's looking + +30:37.200 --> 30:39.720 +for that he thinks he wants to assign this + +30:39.720 --> 30:42.820 +document to. Again, he's worrying here + +30:42.820 --> 30:44.860 +about this misalignment between the kind + +30:44.860 --> 30:47.460 +of normative chronological order of the + +30:47.460 --> 30:50.000 +classification scheme and the topical + +30:50.000 --> 30:52.440 +content of the document that he's got, + +30:52.520 --> 30:55.320 +which is about drainage, which has come up + +30:55.320 --> 30:57.940 +in terms of an evaluation of a floodplain + +30:57.940 --> 30:59.880 +in the environmental stage, but the + +30:59.880 --> 31:02.180 +drainage category is farther down in the + +31:02.180 --> 31:05.880 +design. So how does he adjudicate that? + +31:06.180 --> 31:09.140 +And again, he's thinking here about how am + +31:09.140 --> 31:10.800 +I going to file it such that when I go to + +31:10.800 --> 31:12.340 +look for it, there's some hope that I'll + +31:12.340 --> 31:14.380 +actually find it. Now let me show you a + +31:14.380 --> 31:18.880 +couple of clips around search. The clip + +31:18.880 --> 31:21.840 +I'm going to show you was a serendipitous + +31:21.840 --> 31:26.100 +recording that we were actually up there + +31:26.100 --> 31:29.940 +installing a board on Dave's PC that would + +31:29.940 --> 31:31.980 +allow it to talk to our scanner as we were + +31:31.980 --> 31:33.800 +putting together a prototype. And because + +31:33.800 --> 31:36.340 +we're interested in all of the grungy + +31:36.340 --> 31:38.660 +practical details around actually + +31:38.660 --> 31:40.160 +implementing a prototype, we were + +31:40.160 --> 31:42.460 +recording this, right? So we're there in + +31:42.460 --> 31:45.540 +Dave's office and when the clip first + +31:45.540 --> 31:46.920 +starts, you're going to see my colleague + +31:46.920 --> 31:49.460 +Randy and one of their IS people under + +31:49.460 --> 31:53.000 +Dave's desk messing with his PC. And so + +31:53.000 --> 31:54.720 +we're there recording and Dave comes in + +31:54.720 --> 31:56.700 +and he picks up the two file box off his + +31:56.700 --> 31:58.140 +desk and sits down and starts going + +31:58.140 --> 32:01.640 +through it. So I eventually pan back to + +32:01.640 --> 32:03.560 +actually see what it is that he's up to. + +32:03.700 --> 32:05.520 +And you're going to see three little + +32:05.520 --> 32:08.060 +segments with breaks between them. In the + +32:08.060 --> 32:11.200 +first, you'll hear a query from my + +32:11.200 --> 32:13.340 +colleague, Jeanette, to Dave about what + +32:13.340 --> 32:15.260 +he's searching for. And he explains that + +32:15.260 --> 32:17.380 +he's looking for the documentation of an + +32:17.380 --> 32:20.640 +agreement between a local agency and a + +32:20.640 --> 32:23.780 +local city and Caltrans around an aspect + +32:23.780 --> 32:26.280 +of their process. And then in the second, + +32:26.400 --> 32:29.040 +you'll see him find a document and sort of + +32:29.040 --> 32:31.300 +inspect it and decide, apparently, that + +32:31.300 --> 32:33.020 +it's what he wants and set it aside. And + +32:33.020 --> 32:35.100 +then in the final one, we have a little + +32:35.100 --> 32:38.720 +exchange where he explains to us the + +32:38.720 --> 32:40.900 +uncertainties about what he's been looking + +32:40.900 --> 32:44.560 +for. And there's this whole search. I + +32:44.560 --> 32:46.060 +mean, he went through, you'll see when he + +32:46.060 --> 32:47.880 +finds the document, he's about two-thirds + +32:47.880 --> 32:49.740 +of the way through the box. So the whole + +32:49.740 --> 32:51.560 +thing probably went on for 15 minutes, I + +32:51.560 --> 32:53.320 +would say. So here are these three little + +32:53.320 --> 32:53.720 +clips. + +33:02.000 --> 33:06.100 +Some old resolutions that East Virginia + +33:06.100 --> 33:07.500 +Regional Park and the city passed in + +33:07.500 --> 33:11.020 +support of our mitigation project. Yeah, + +33:13.100 --> 33:16.240 +sure do. Exactly. Exactly. + +33:58.000 --> 33:59.500 +I don't know if the oven exists. + +34:05.120 --> 34:07.840 +Yeah, most of the time. I don't think I + +34:07.840 --> 34:09.100 +actually got one of these things from the + +34:09.100 --> 34:09.280 +city. + +34:18.440 --> 34:21.300 +So, at the beginning, as I said, he + +34:21.300 --> 34:24.420 +explains to us that he's looking for some + +34:24.420 --> 34:26.400 +old resolutions, as he says, from the East + +34:26.400 --> 34:29.580 +Bay Regional Parks and the City. So + +34:29.580 --> 34:31.240 +potentially, at the beginning, he's + +34:31.240 --> 34:33.760 +looking for two documents, one from each + +34:33.760 --> 34:36.720 +of these agencies. And then when he talks + +34:36.720 --> 34:40.900 +to us about what he found, he explains, he + +34:40.900 --> 34:43.300 +says he's still going through, you saw him + +34:43.300 --> 34:45.560 +in the middle clip sort of pull out one + +34:45.560 --> 34:46.920 +document, set it to the side, and then + +34:46.920 --> 34:50.460 +keep going. And then he announces happily + +34:50.460 --> 34:52.440 +to us that he actually found something and + +34:52.440 --> 34:54.540 +explains that now he's starting to wonder + +34:54.540 --> 34:56.780 +whether there is actually ever was a + +34:56.780 --> 34:59.680 +second document. So the question here is + +34:59.680 --> 35:01.720 +what do you know ahead of time about what + +35:01.720 --> 35:03.140 +you're looking for when you're doing this + +35:03.140 --> 35:04.660 +kind of search? And here's a case where + +35:04.660 --> 35:06.920 +Dave goes through the whole box on the + +35:06.920 --> 35:11.120 +possibility that a document that may or + +35:11.120 --> 35:13.120 +may not exist was put in there by one of + +35:13.120 --> 35:14.540 +his colleagues. And that's the kind of + +35:14.540 --> 35:18.280 +working with the material medium that's + +35:18.280 --> 35:23.040 +involved in the sort of problematic state + +35:23.040 --> 35:26.420 +of the project files at the moment. So + +35:26.420 --> 35:29.940 +what we have been doing together with Dave + +35:29.940 --> 35:33.160 +and the rest of the engineering team is an + +35:33.160 --> 35:35.860 +exploration in what would it mean to put + +35:35.860 --> 35:38.380 +their collection online. And the prototype + +35:38.380 --> 35:41.240 +that we've built, we hear being used very + +35:41.240 --> 35:43.020 +loosely to refer to my colleague Randy + +35:43.020 --> 35:46.660 +Trigg, is called, it's built on top of a + +35:46.660 --> 35:48.560 +platform called the integrator because the + +35:48.560 --> 35:51.600 +idea of the integrator has been to try to + +35:51.600 --> 35:53.340 +build a platform on which we can pull + +35:53.340 --> 35:56.680 +together as much stuff as possible into a + +35:56.680 --> 36:01.200 +useful configuration. We have our sort of + +36:01.200 --> 36:04.840 +basic approach in putting this prototype + +36:04.840 --> 36:07.420 +together is we want to require minimal + +36:07.420 --> 36:09.580 +overhead for filing. You should be able to + +36:09.580 --> 36:11.920 +get documents into this collection with as + +36:11.920 --> 36:14.960 +little effort as possible. And you'll see + +36:14.960 --> 36:18.240 +concretely what that means. And then we + +36:18.240 --> 36:20.320 +want to provide, once you've gotten your + +36:20.320 --> 36:22.620 +document in there, and particularly if + +36:22.620 --> 36:24.040 +you've put your document in with very, + +36:24.100 --> 36:27.020 +very minimal coding of any kind, we want + +36:27.020 --> 36:29.640 +to give you multiple opportunities to add + +36:29.640 --> 36:34.220 +more metadata to the document. So we want + +36:34.220 --> 36:36.300 +you to be able to take a document that's + +36:36.300 --> 36:37.880 +in the, when you come across a document + +36:37.880 --> 36:39.900 +that's in the collection, be able to add + +36:39.900 --> 36:42.680 +more metadata to it if you're inspired to + +36:42.680 --> 36:45.760 +do that. And very importantly, as you'll + +36:45.760 --> 36:49.140 +see, the collection of metadata that's + +36:49.140 --> 36:51.900 +applicable has got to be modifiable. + +36:52.400 --> 36:54.100 +You've got to be able to both go in and + +36:54.100 --> 36:55.840 +change the coding of a particular document + +36:55.840 --> 36:58.520 +and then work with the overall set of + +36:58.520 --> 37:00.480 +metadata. data. And then when it goes to + +37:00.480 --> 37:02.700 +look to come sign to look for documents we + +37:02.700 --> 37:04.740 +want there to be multiple ways that you + +37:04.740 --> 37:07.520 +can go about looking for them. Trying to + +37:07.520 --> 37:10.540 +perpetuate some of the advantages of the + +37:10.540 --> 37:13.560 +paper world where where you can use a + +37:13.560 --> 37:17.100 +pretty wide repertoire of strategies for + +37:17.100 --> 37:21.500 +looking. The basic scenario has been that + +37:21.500 --> 37:22.780 +you know first of all you get your + +37:22.780 --> 37:27.000 +document scanned into into a file and and + +37:27.000 --> 37:29.100 +then into a repository. And then, of + +37:29.100 --> 37:31.140 +course, the rationale is that once you've + +37:31.140 --> 37:34.460 +got your documents online, you can do + +37:34.460 --> 37:38.040 +things like do multiple categorization of + +37:38.040 --> 37:39.520 +a given document. You don't have to worry + +37:39.520 --> 37:41.220 +about resolving those problems that Dave + +37:41.220 --> 37:43.700 +was struggling with. You can look at the + +37:43.700 --> 37:45.780 +whole collection in different ways, which + +37:45.780 --> 37:47.640 +is something impossible for them to do at + +37:47.640 --> 37:49.400 +this point. So you can look at the whole + +37:49.400 --> 37:52.080 +collection ordered by the document dates + +37:52.080 --> 37:55.620 +or the topics. And I'll show you more + +37:55.620 --> 37:59.220 +about that. you can still view and browse + +37:59.220 --> 38:01.400 +over the page images. That's a place where + +38:01.400 --> 38:03.740 +we want to preserve what you've got now + +38:03.740 --> 38:05.800 +and maybe even enhance it in some ways. + +38:06.640 --> 38:10.160 +Obviously now you can do a full text + +38:10.160 --> 38:12.740 +search over the optically character + +38:12.740 --> 38:16.520 +recognized text and we want you to be able + +38:16.520 --> 38:19.340 +to do combined searches so you throw in + +38:19.340 --> 38:20.960 +you know something that you know about a + +38:20.960 --> 38:22.760 +property that might have been assigned to + +38:22.760 --> 38:25.220 +this document with a text stream string + +38:25.220 --> 38:28.040 +and also being able to search use the + +38:28.040 --> 38:30.500 +images as a resource and then obviously + +38:30.500 --> 38:33.160 +once you're online there's the possibility + +38:33.160 --> 38:35.340 +of having distributed access to the + +38:35.340 --> 38:37.740 +collection so to sit at your desk and and + +38:37.740 --> 38:39.540 +over the world wide web actually look at + +38:39.540 --> 38:41.640 +it and get a hold of things and then you + +38:41.640 --> 38:43.500 +still have to be able to print your + +38:43.500 --> 38:47.420 +documents that's essential you know the + +38:47.420 --> 38:49.960 +idea there's simple idea we have is okay + +38:49.960 --> 38:52.340 +once Once you got documents online, then + +38:52.340 --> 38:57.120 +you could have access to the project files + +38:57.120 --> 38:58.900 +from multiple locations, from multiple + +38:58.900 --> 39:01.040 +locations both within Caltrans + +39:01.040 --> 39:03.440 +headquarters and also now they've got + +39:03.440 --> 39:04.940 +their field office set up out by the + +39:04.940 --> 39:06.600 +bridge. So one of the things we're + +39:06.600 --> 39:08.540 +interested in seeing is how do documents + +39:08.540 --> 39:11.780 +travel across these sites. The way they + +39:11.780 --> 39:14.000 +travel now primarily is that Dave gets a + +39:14.000 --> 39:16.740 +phone call, he finds, he or somebody + +39:16.740 --> 39:17.920 +somebody who works for him finds the + +39:17.920 --> 39:19.440 +document, they stick it into a relevant + +39:19.440 --> 39:21.840 +form of mail and it gets sent off or it + +39:21.840 --> 39:24.640 +gets faxed. So this would obviously open + +39:24.640 --> 39:27.520 +up some new possibilities there. And + +39:27.520 --> 39:29.840 +distributed access would work both to give + +39:30.400 --> 39:32.280 +multiple people access to the same + +39:32.280 --> 39:34.380 +collection, which is the situation I was + +39:34.380 --> 39:37.240 +just describing. And also a single person, + +39:37.300 --> 39:38.720 +one of the managers that we've been + +39:38.720 --> 39:41.180 +talking to, she has, I think, 100 projects + +39:41.180 --> 39:43.420 +that she's in principle responsible for. + +39:43.540 --> 39:45.740 +So she has an interest in being able to + +39:45.740 --> 39:50.300 +get views onto multiple project files. And + +39:50.300 --> 39:51.940 +there are really interesting, obviously, + +39:52.470 --> 39:54.560 +protection and access issues that come up + +39:54.560 --> 39:57.160 +there that I'll come back to. So what + +39:57.160 --> 39:59.100 +we've done is we've set up, this is the + +39:59.100 --> 40:01.940 +prototype. It's made up of plastic + +40:01.940 --> 40:06.820 +hardware, software, and paper. So we + +40:06.820 --> 40:09.420 +basically have a really, I will say, + +40:09.440 --> 40:12.260 +really nice Xerox scanner. Nice because it + +40:12.260 --> 40:14.280 +has a great document feeder that you can + +40:14.280 --> 40:16.280 +throw in multiple documents at a time, + +40:16.680 --> 40:20.360 +hooked up to a PC, and the PC is running a + +40:20.360 --> 40:22.680 +piece of software called Pages, which + +40:22.680 --> 40:24.580 +again is a really nice application for + +40:24.580 --> 40:27.760 +supporting the work of scanning documents. + +40:28.460 --> 40:32.460 +And so the documents are basically scanned + +40:32.460 --> 40:38.880 +using the scanner in Pages onto the PC + +40:38.880 --> 40:41.840 +that's sitting there. And then with a web + +40:41.840 --> 40:44.220 +-based form, they're coded and then + +40:44.220 --> 40:47.680 +they're uploaded onto the web. And at the + +40:47.680 --> 40:50.720 +moment, they're actually uploaded onto the + +40:50.720 --> 40:53.180 +web and sent to PARC, where we pull them + +40:53.180 --> 40:56.980 +in across the PARC firewall and do various + +40:56.980 --> 40:59.620 +kinds of processing over them, and then + +40:59.620 --> 41:02.100 +put them back out, indexed, both the + +41:02.100 --> 41:04.280 +documents and the metadata indexed outside + +41:04.280 --> 41:06.280 +the firewall, so that people at Caltrans + +41:06.280 --> 41:09.060 +with password protection can view the + +41:09.060 --> 41:10.800 +documents. The thing that we're up to now + +41:10.800 --> 41:12.320 +is trying to move the whole thing into + +41:12.320 --> 41:15.060 +Caltrans running on their intranet. And + +41:15.060 --> 41:18.180 +that involves a bit of substituting some + +41:18.180 --> 41:21.260 +code that's been running at PARC with + +41:21.260 --> 41:24.640 +commercially available, extended + +41:24.640 --> 41:27.500 +commercially available software using + +41:27.500 --> 41:31.640 +pages as the sort of basic platform for + +41:31.640 --> 41:35.540 +it. They now have an intern who's + +41:35.540 --> 41:38.660 +dedicated 25 hours a week to scanning and + +41:38.660 --> 41:42.040 +maintaining the project files. We have at + +41:42.040 --> 41:44.580 +last count about 1,250 documents in there, + +41:44.720 --> 41:47.140 +which just to give you a sense, I mean if + +41:47.140 --> 41:49.380 +you say documents, it turns out documents + +41:49.380 --> 41:51.820 +average about five pages. That of course + +41:51.820 --> 41:53.280 +doesn't mean it all. I mean they range + +41:53.280 --> 41:55.700 +from lots of one pagers to long documents. + +41:55.820 --> 41:59.480 +But it's about 1,250 roughly times five is + +41:59.480 --> 42:01.200 +the number of actual pages that we have. + +42:01.200 --> 42:03.900 +And for those of you who are interested in + +42:03.900 --> 42:06.060 +it takes about a gigabyte of storage at + +42:06.060 --> 42:08.140 +this point with another megabyte for the + +42:08.140 --> 42:08.660 +metadata. + +42:11.980 --> 42:14.660 +Okay, some things that we've learned about + +42:14.660 --> 42:17.460 +scanning because along with the intern + +42:17.460 --> 42:19.980 +that they've hired, we ourselves have done + +42:19.980 --> 42:22.160 +an enormous amount of scanning and learned + +42:22.160 --> 42:25.760 +a great deal from it. You know, again this + +42:25.760 --> 42:27.220 +sort of goes back to what I was saying + +42:27.220 --> 42:28.860 +about filing. There are all these things + +42:28.860 --> 42:32.220 +that are almost too mundane to mention, + +42:32.360 --> 42:33.800 +but when you're actually sitting there + +42:33.800 --> 42:35.420 +scanning documents, they become quite + +42:35.420 --> 42:38.940 +salient. Things like you have a stack and + +42:38.940 --> 42:41.100 +it's not always completely clear what + +42:41.100 --> 42:43.160 +should constitute a single document. + +42:43.660 --> 42:47.360 +Should this thing be scanned as a single + +42:47.360 --> 42:50.420 +document or as multiple documents? A + +42:50.420 --> 42:52.360 +little bit of judgment has to be exercised + +42:52.360 --> 42:54.000 +there. You know, you've got to give the + +42:54.000 --> 42:56.500 +document a name to store it on the hard + +42:56.500 --> 42:59.320 +drive on your PC. And so you've got to + +42:59.320 --> 43:01.040 +sort of come up with something. And it + +43:01.040 --> 43:02.800 +turns out that we display the names, and + +43:02.800 --> 43:04.400 +so it's actually useful if they say a + +43:04.400 --> 43:06.880 +little bit about the document. And then + +43:06.880 --> 43:08.040 +you've got to deal with the kind of + +43:08.040 --> 43:09.760 +heterogeneity that these documents have. + +43:10.240 --> 43:12.420 +For example, there are a lot of documents + +43:12.420 --> 43:14.220 +that have some pages, portrait, and some + +43:14.220 --> 43:17.040 +landscape. And, you know, there are issues + +43:17.040 --> 43:18.960 +there. You throw them all in the scanner. + +43:18.960 --> 43:21.000 +one of the really nice things that Pages + +43:21.000 --> 43:23.760 +does is you can view all of the thumbnails + +43:23.760 --> 43:25.360 +of all the documents that you've scanned + +43:25.360 --> 43:28.060 +and very easily rotate. So we go in and we + +43:28.060 --> 43:29.920 +rotate the documents so that when the + +43:29.920 --> 43:31.520 +thumbnails are displayed, everything will + +43:31.520 --> 43:34.980 +be nicely oriented in the right way, which + +43:34.980 --> 43:36.580 +is great for viewing the documents, but + +43:36.580 --> 43:37.940 +then of course when you're going to go to + +43:37.940 --> 43:41.540 +print them, you need to both reorient them + +43:41.540 --> 43:43.580 +and rescale them again. So there are + +43:43.580 --> 43:46.100 +translations between scanning and viewing + +43:46.100 --> 43:48.640 +and printing around page orientation that + +43:48.640 --> 43:51.720 +have become an issue. And there are + +43:51.720 --> 43:54.200 +variously sized pages. Pages again + +43:54.200 --> 43:56.220 +supports really nicely, you know, you do + +43:56.220 --> 43:58.900 +the 8.5 by 11s and then you add the, you + +43:58.900 --> 44:00.600 +do the others on the platen and you add + +44:00.600 --> 44:03.620 +them. So a lot of this, and again, it's + +44:03.620 --> 44:06.220 +essential to be able to easily go in and + +44:06.220 --> 44:09.120 +rescan a document, replace a particular + +44:09.120 --> 44:11.820 +page and also to see what you've done + +44:11.820 --> 44:13.620 +after you scan them and to be able to go + +44:13.620 --> 44:16.680 +in there and reorder pages reorient things + +44:16.680 --> 44:19.460 +all of that actually pages does really + +44:19.460 --> 44:22.520 +well which is why we're we're relying on + +44:22.520 --> 44:25.160 +it to a great deal now of course you get + +44:25.160 --> 44:27.120 +to the documents in the project files + +44:27.120 --> 44:30.780 +through a home page and we have this + +44:30.780 --> 44:34.580 +project files home page it may be a little + +44:34.580 --> 44:36.460 +hard for you to read it so you know you + +44:36.460 --> 44:38.280 +can select search the project files that + +44:38.280 --> 44:39.680 +which takes you to the search interface + +44:39.680 --> 44:41.740 +which I'll show you add a new document + +44:41.740 --> 44:44.000 +takes you to the coding form that I'll + +44:44.000 --> 44:46.240 +show you and then of their various ways in + +44:46.240 --> 44:48.160 +which you can review the whole collection + +44:48.160 --> 44:52.220 +by dates by the arranged according to the + +44:52.220 --> 44:58.720 +uniform filing system and then various + +44:58.720 --> 45:00.920 +kinds of administrative operations that it + +45:00.920 --> 45:02.560 +turns out to be really useful to have like + +45:02.560 --> 45:05.380 +a change log that shows what the status of + +45:05.380 --> 45:08.200 +documents that have been scanned but not + +45:08.200 --> 45:12.240 +yet indexed is and things like that. We + +45:12.240 --> 45:16.240 +have a web-based form so that after you've + +45:16.240 --> 45:18.820 +used Pages to scan your document, you go + +45:18.820 --> 45:22.340 +in and you bring it up and then you can + +45:22.340 --> 45:26.340 +code it in a variety of ways. The + +45:26.340 --> 45:29.140 +interesting thing about this form is the + +45:29.140 --> 45:31.640 +number of times it's changed since we've + +45:31.640 --> 45:34.340 +been working with them. Once they really + +45:34.340 --> 45:38.020 +got into using this form, they began to + +45:38.020 --> 45:40.820 +see ways in which actually the initial + +45:40.820 --> 45:44.120 +things which they said made sense. Like we + +45:44.120 --> 45:46.080 +started out with a bunch of keywords, + +45:46.260 --> 45:48.160 +which then got differentiated into things + +45:48.160 --> 45:50.060 +like source and recipient, as we have + +45:50.060 --> 45:53.060 +here. And the issue there is that it's + +45:53.060 --> 45:56.020 +become clear to us how essential it is + +45:56.020 --> 45:58.420 +that this kind of a form be tailorable and + +45:58.420 --> 46:01.340 +modifiable. And that presents, we've + +46:01.340 --> 46:03.340 +probably done a half a dozen iterations on + +46:03.340 --> 46:05.800 +the design of this form in the last six + +46:05.800 --> 46:07.140 +months to a year that we've been working + +46:07.140 --> 46:10.400 +with them. This poses a real challenge for + +46:10.400 --> 46:12.580 +us in attempting to move this thing into + +46:12.580 --> 46:14.220 +their environment and extricate ourselves + +46:14.220 --> 46:16.340 +because at the moment these changes are + +46:16.340 --> 46:18.020 +done through very close collaboration + +46:18.020 --> 46:22.060 +between the engineers and Randy where they + +46:22.060 --> 46:24.220 +tell him the changes that they want and he + +46:24.220 --> 46:26.760 +implements them. How do we deal with that? + +46:26.840 --> 46:28.420 +That's obviously going to be essential. + +46:29.740 --> 46:33.160 +Once you've coded your document, you go + +46:33.160 --> 46:35.720 +down. This is the second page which + +46:35.720 --> 46:38.040 +printed out doesn't fit onto a single + +46:38.040 --> 46:40.800 +sheet. You go down to the bottom and you + +46:40.800 --> 46:45.820 +say submit document and document info. And + +46:45.820 --> 46:47.660 +then it goes through this, at the moment, + +46:47.700 --> 46:50.760 +this sort of trip over to park and back + +46:50.760 --> 46:54.260 +again. But eventually that will just + +46:54.260 --> 46:57.780 +basically put it onto a web server in + +46:57.780 --> 47:01.540 +their environment. Again, some + +47:01.540 --> 47:04.300 +observations about coding documents, which + +47:04.300 --> 47:06.540 +we've also done a lot of and talked to + +47:06.540 --> 47:10.120 +them about a lot. It turns out that + +47:10.120 --> 47:13.400 +there's a requirement for a lot of + +47:13.400 --> 47:15.660 +flexibility around the question of who + +47:15.660 --> 47:17.600 +codes documents and who scans them. And + +47:17.600 --> 47:19.820 +one of the things that they wanted and + +47:19.820 --> 47:22.040 +that we provided is a paper version of the + +47:22.040 --> 47:24.780 +online coding form. Which means that + +47:24.780 --> 47:27.440 +engineers who are sitting at their desks + +47:27.440 --> 47:29.620 +with a pile of documents can just take + +47:29.620 --> 47:32.900 +this paper form, code it, paper clip it to + +47:32.900 --> 47:34.380 +the front of the document, put it in that + +47:34.380 --> 47:36.620 +inbox, and then the intern can scan it. + +47:36.820 --> 47:38.660 +The intern also does coding himself + +47:38.660 --> 47:39.920 +online. + +47:42.100 --> 47:43.940 +Engineers could do online coding from + +47:43.940 --> 47:45.880 +their desks if they were into that. But + +47:45.880 --> 47:48.520 +basically, it's the more alternatives + +47:48.520 --> 47:50.900 +there are for how to do this, the better. + +47:51.960 --> 47:54.060 +Again, a lot of flexibility in the amount + +47:54.060 --> 47:56.260 +of coding. Either you can do very, very + +47:56.260 --> 47:59.100 +minimal coding, basically give it a + +47:59.100 --> 48:01.600 +uniform file system category, or you can + +48:01.600 --> 48:04.000 +do increasingly elaborate, and you can do + +48:04.000 --> 48:05.880 +that either at the time that you scan it + +48:05.880 --> 48:08.520 +or later. So we've been trying to give + +48:08.520 --> 48:12.980 +them a lot of different ways of organizing + +48:12.980 --> 48:17.200 +the time and the place and how much or + +48:17.200 --> 48:19.160 +little of this work gets done. And that + +48:19.160 --> 48:20.960 +seems essential for making the thing + +48:20.960 --> 48:24.940 +really, really useful, usable and useful. + +48:26.780 --> 48:29.360 +Again, now that things, once things have + +48:29.360 --> 48:32.420 +actually been entered into the online + +48:32.420 --> 48:35.340 +repository, there are a whole lot of new + +48:35.340 --> 48:37.500 +ways to be able to see the collection. You + +48:37.500 --> 48:39.640 +can still look at all of the, look at the + +48:39.640 --> 48:41.180 +collection according to the uniform filing + +48:41.180 --> 48:43.880 +system, but now, oh sorry, I meant to put + +48:43.880 --> 48:46.840 +this one up for you, but now of course you + +48:46.840 --> 48:51.080 +have active links. So you can actually go + +48:51.080 --> 48:53.220 +in and you can see how many documents + +48:53.220 --> 48:54.900 +there are in a given category. You can + +48:54.900 --> 48:56.680 +click on the link and you can see all of + +48:56.680 --> 48:59.640 +those documents. So it's preserving the + +48:59.640 --> 49:03.120 +old way of organizing the collection, but + +49:03.120 --> 49:05.500 +with some new ways of being able to see it + +49:05.500 --> 49:09.320 +and get at it. One thing that's turned out + +49:09.320 --> 49:11.140 +to be really useful for them is that you + +49:11.140 --> 49:12.620 +can organize, you can see the whole + +49:12.620 --> 49:15.180 +collection ordered by dates from the most + +49:15.180 --> 49:18.320 +recent documents. It turns out that in + +49:18.320 --> 49:20.800 +thinking about a document when people, + +49:20.840 --> 49:22.400 +when they're going to look for it, people + +49:22.400 --> 49:25.260 +very often know, well you know this is a + +49:25.260 --> 49:27.440 +letter that was sent to us back in March + +49:27.440 --> 49:30.460 +of last year. So it's really helpful to be + +49:30.460 --> 49:32.120 +able to go in and look at all the + +49:32.120 --> 49:33.800 +documents from from March of last year. + +49:35.460 --> 49:39.360 +You can actually view thumbnail images of + +49:39.360 --> 49:42.220 +all of the document. One of the options is + +49:42.220 --> 49:44.080 +to code documents by the type of document + +49:44.080 --> 49:45.800 +they are. So is it a letter? Is it a + +49:45.800 --> 49:49.740 +report? Is it a memo? And you can, again, + +49:49.920 --> 49:52.440 +just see what you've got in the collection + +49:52.440 --> 49:56.440 +in that way. In addition to various ways + +49:56.440 --> 49:58.900 +of viewing it, obviously you can search. + +49:59.180 --> 50:01.600 +And this is the kind of, it's a hybrid + +50:01.600 --> 50:03.360 +search interface, as I said because it + +50:03.360 --> 50:05.700 +allows you to combine you know a full text + +50:05.700 --> 50:10.320 +search with properties plus getting back a + +50:10.320 --> 50:12.640 +view of your hits as thumbnails which you + +50:12.640 --> 50:15.860 +can then scan in something like the way + +50:15.860 --> 50:18.780 +that you would scan a paper collection and + +50:18.780 --> 50:22.940 +you can also display that the returns the + +50:22.940 --> 50:24.460 +results of a search in different ways you + +50:24.460 --> 50:26.560 +can display them as thumbnails you can + +50:26.560 --> 50:28.420 +also display them in this kind of tabular + +50:28.420 --> 50:30.840 +form if it's more helpful to see + +50:30.840 --> 50:32.480 +everything that comes back by dates So + +50:32.480 --> 50:34.240 +again, the point here is that there are + +50:34.240 --> 50:38.540 +many different ways in which things can be + +50:38.540 --> 50:41.500 +configured. And it turns out that how you + +50:41.500 --> 50:43.780 +want it configured is very much tied to + +50:43.780 --> 50:46.280 +what you know when you go to do the + +50:46.280 --> 50:49.640 +search. Shapes how you want to actually + +50:49.640 --> 50:53.440 +view the collection. Once you find a + +50:53.440 --> 50:56.800 +document that you're looking for, you can + +50:56.800 --> 51:01.040 +view it in multiple thumbnail sizes. So + +51:01.040 --> 51:03.440 +here's a single document with all of its + +51:03.440 --> 51:06.500 +pages laid out. You can see this issue of + +51:06.500 --> 51:08.640 +portrait and landscape in a single + +51:08.640 --> 51:10.660 +document. And then, of course, you can go + +51:10.660 --> 51:14.480 +in and view any of the pages. And you can + +51:14.480 --> 51:16.240 +see from this how important the images are + +51:16.240 --> 51:17.800 +because a lot of the documents in this + +51:17.800 --> 51:20.860 +collection, once you do OCR, you get back + +51:20.860 --> 51:23.380 +practically nothing. And even the + +51:23.380 --> 51:25.680 +documents that you get a lot back from OCR + +51:25.680 --> 51:28.500 +have, in addition, various kinds of + +51:28.500 --> 51:31.120 +marginalia annotations that that you lose + +51:31.120 --> 51:34.920 +so we're very much believers in the idea + +51:34.920 --> 51:37.000 +that you need both you need to preserve + +51:37.000 --> 51:39.560 +images as well as providing people with + +51:39.560 --> 51:43.780 +text search and then Randy has actually + +51:43.780 --> 51:45.820 +created in an attempt to address this + +51:45.820 --> 51:49.220 +problem of user modification of the of the + +51:49.220 --> 51:52.640 +coding scheme Randy's actually provided a + +51:52.640 --> 51:55.640 +an interface for them that allows them to + +51:55.640 --> 51:57.400 +do the the relatively straightforward + +51:57.400 --> 51:59.580 +things like take all the documents that + +51:59.580 --> 52:02.560 +were called this and now call them that or + +52:02.560 --> 52:06.940 +add this new category. The tricky part of + +52:06.940 --> 52:08.980 +course that we're dealing with now is as + +52:08.980 --> 52:11.800 +they do more elaborate reconfigurations of + +52:11.800 --> 52:14.120 +their coding scheme that have + +52:14.120 --> 52:16.640 +ramifications back through the already + +52:16.640 --> 52:19.080 +coded documents, Randy has to write more + +52:19.080 --> 52:20.880 +and more elaborate scripts that will go + +52:20.880 --> 52:25.520 +back and recode the collection and the + +52:25.520 --> 52:28.000 +really difficult question that we face is + +52:28.000 --> 52:31.240 +when we leave how can we make sure that + +52:31.240 --> 52:34.000 +this thing doesn't die in the next at the + +52:34.000 --> 52:35.840 +next point where they decide they want to + +52:35.840 --> 52:38.280 +to make a big change and aren't able to do + +52:38.280 --> 52:40.360 +it that's and that's that brings us into + +52:40.360 --> 52:41.740 +the whole question of what kind of + +52:41.740 --> 52:45.320 +continuing organizational and and human + +52:45.320 --> 52:48.640 +support there's going to be okay to + +52:48.640 --> 52:52.860 +summarize the the two aspects aspects of + +52:52.860 --> 52:55.240 +what this project has meant in terms of + +52:55.240 --> 52:58.420 +designing. There's the project of + +52:58.420 --> 53:00.380 +configuring a working prototype which + +53:00.380 --> 53:02.220 +we've done by, you know, we got a first + +53:02.220 --> 53:04.160 +approximation running in our lab, we moved + +53:04.160 --> 53:07.400 +it over to their organization keeping some + +53:07.400 --> 53:10.660 +of the processing work at park and now + +53:10.660 --> 53:12.080 +we're trying to actually move the whole + +53:12.080 --> 53:16.600 +thing onto their intranet. And then a lot + +53:16.600 --> 53:18.040 +of what we've been doing has been + +53:18.040 --> 53:20.960 +configuring a working practice in relation + +53:20.960 --> 53:23.980 +to that prototype. Working out flexible + +53:23.980 --> 53:26.800 +divisions of labor. As I said, this idea + +53:26.800 --> 53:28.620 +of paper coding forms came out of that. + +53:30.140 --> 53:33.780 +Being sure that you can review and + +53:33.780 --> 53:37.000 +manipulate your page images. Scanning + +53:37.000 --> 53:39.940 +really requires, you can't do it blind. + +53:40.240 --> 53:41.660 +You want to see what you've done and you + +53:41.660 --> 53:43.700 +want to be able to go in there and fix + +53:43.700 --> 53:46.720 +things. And support for this kind of + +53:46.720 --> 53:48.940 +iterative document coding. So you code a + +53:48.940 --> 53:50.960 +document maybe a bit when you scan it and + +53:50.960 --> 53:52.700 +then you add things or you change things + +53:52.700 --> 53:54.820 +later on. Maybe even when you go to search + +53:54.820 --> 53:56.160 +for it and you bring it up and you see how + +53:56.160 --> 53:57.640 +it was coded and you say, oh, I don't + +53:57.640 --> 54:00.500 +really like that. I want to revise it. And + +54:00.500 --> 54:04.000 +then on a larger scale, support for this + +54:04.000 --> 54:06.660 +kind of extensible and modifiable metadata + +54:06.660 --> 54:09.980 +that seems so important. Some of the + +54:09.980 --> 54:16.200 +issues for them, if this effort is + +54:16.200 --> 54:19.460 +successful, is that if we were actually to + +54:19.460 --> 54:21.240 +get to the point where this collection was + +54:21.240 --> 54:23.580 +online and available in a distributed way, + +54:23.800 --> 54:26.940 +the project team is no longer the + +54:26.940 --> 54:28.580 +interface to the collection in the way + +54:28.580 --> 54:29.900 +that they have been before, which has + +54:29.900 --> 54:33.080 +afforded tremendous value in various ways. + +54:33.080 --> 54:36.680 +These documents are in principle available + +54:36.680 --> 54:40.280 +to anyone, but of course it's a big + +54:40.280 --> 54:43.800 +difference if all of the requests go + +54:43.800 --> 54:46.020 +through you, or if people in unknown + +54:46.020 --> 54:49.060 +places are doing unknown things with the + +54:49.060 --> 54:52.060 +collection. So access controls that now + +54:52.060 --> 54:54.260 +are largely taken care of through the + +54:54.260 --> 54:56.160 +practicalities of the medium, because + +54:56.160 --> 54:58.420 +these things exist in one place, nobody + +54:58.420 --> 55:00.440 +else knows how to find anything in them, + +55:00.440 --> 55:02.980 +now have to be addressed much more + +55:02.980 --> 55:07.880 +explicitly. And very important and very + +55:07.880 --> 55:10.580 +salient for us at the moment is where, of + +55:10.580 --> 55:12.700 +course, at this point we're keeping all of + +55:12.700 --> 55:15.640 +these documents on paper in the old way. + +55:16.760 --> 55:18.860 +Eventually, I would imagine, there would + +55:18.860 --> 55:22.380 +be some mix. A lot of them would no longer + +55:22.380 --> 55:24.080 +be kept in the binders once they were + +55:24.080 --> 55:26.660 +online. Others of them would be kept in + +55:26.660 --> 55:27.960 +the binders because you'd want the + +55:27.960 --> 55:30.320 +original for various reasons. And so there + +55:30.320 --> 55:33.460 +are very complicated questions about how + +55:33.460 --> 55:35.760 +you're going to maintain the coherence of + +55:35.760 --> 55:39.000 +the media, of the paper and the digital + +55:39.000 --> 55:41.540 +renderings of the documents. And then + +55:41.540 --> 55:43.720 +finally, this larger question of + +55:43.720 --> 55:47.060 +maintaining the coherence of your coding + +55:47.060 --> 55:50.380 +categories, both with respect to the paper + +55:50.380 --> 55:52.920 +and the digital documents, and how you do + +55:52.920 --> 55:54.760 +that both over time. we've already seen, + +55:54.800 --> 55:56.760 +as I said, tremendously dynamic changes + +55:56.760 --> 55:58.920 +there within the project team that we're + +55:58.920 --> 56:01.280 +working with over the year or so that + +56:01.280 --> 56:03.240 +we've had the prototype running. And then + +56:03.240 --> 56:05.720 +once you have multiple project teams + +56:05.720 --> 56:08.740 +working with a collection, it becomes an + +56:08.740 --> 56:11.660 +even more challenging kind of coordination + +56:11.660 --> 56:16.040 +problem. I'll end with a slogan. slogan, + +56:16.060 --> 56:20.960 +which is really a slogan that refers to + +56:20.960 --> 56:23.540 +this whole approach to doing this kind of + +56:23.540 --> 56:26.680 +work oriented design approach. I was often + +56:26.680 --> 56:30.060 +asked, well the impression I got from many + +56:30.060 --> 56:32.780 +of my colleagues at PARC in the early days + +56:32.780 --> 56:34.440 +when I was arguing for this kind of work + +56:34.440 --> 56:38.000 +was, if we go out and look at the way + +56:38.000 --> 56:40.280 +people are currently working, it will have + +56:40.280 --> 56:44.340 +this deeply conservative effect on us. + +56:44.340 --> 56:47.620 +will end up just replicating what they're + +56:47.620 --> 56:51.180 +doing now. And it's better if we just sort + +56:51.180 --> 56:56.060 +of freely imagine the possibilities. And + +56:56.060 --> 57:00.180 +my response to that is, well, if you in a + +57:00.180 --> 57:04.060 +very sort of flat-footed way went about + +57:04.060 --> 57:06.780 +trying to replicate exactly, well, first + +57:06.780 --> 57:08.980 +of all, I think the premise that there is, + +57:09.100 --> 57:13.000 +that until we as designers come along, the + +57:13.000 --> 57:16.560 +world is a stagnant place. That people are + +57:16.560 --> 57:18.160 +basically sitting there doing the same + +57:18.160 --> 57:19.660 +thing over and over again and it's only + +57:19.660 --> 57:21.580 +when brilliant and innovative designers + +57:21.580 --> 57:23.600 +come on the scene that they say, oh, you + +57:23.600 --> 57:24.820 +know, we could be doing it differently. + +57:25.080 --> 57:27.140 +That's not my experience. Every workplace + +57:27.140 --> 57:29.860 +I've ever been in, there are people in the + +57:29.860 --> 57:32.940 +workplace who, not everyone, but there are + +57:32.940 --> 57:35.500 +always people who are pretty continually + +57:35.500 --> 57:38.460 +sort of reflecting in, you know, greater + +57:38.460 --> 57:39.840 +and lesser ways about what they're doing + +57:39.840 --> 57:41.420 +and trying to figure out how to do it + +57:41.420 --> 57:44.000 +differently. and our experience is that + +57:44.000 --> 57:46.160 +it's much more that it's hard to keep up + +57:46.160 --> 57:50.800 +with the dynamism of the organization of + +57:50.800 --> 57:53.340 +work practices than it is to get people to + +57:53.340 --> 57:57.800 +make any kinds of changes in what they're + +57:57.800 --> 58:01.300 +doing. So first of all, things aren't + +58:01.300 --> 58:03.120 +stagnant until we come along. And + +58:03.120 --> 58:06.640 +secondly, if we did come along and try to + +58:06.640 --> 58:10.240 +take an analysis of people's working + +58:10.240 --> 58:13.000 +practices as the basis for design, in the + +58:13.000 --> 58:15.080 +absence of any sort of imaginative + +58:15.080 --> 58:19.360 +activity, we might have a problem. We need + +58:19.360 --> 58:23.360 +to also engage in thinking about how + +58:23.360 --> 58:26.160 +things could be different. But the idea + +58:26.160 --> 58:28.140 +here is that, I mean, the crude way of + +58:28.140 --> 58:29.960 +putting this is it's better to design from + +58:29.960 --> 58:31.980 +knowledge than from ignorance, right? But + +58:31.980 --> 58:36.200 +I think that the goal that we're after is + +58:36.200 --> 58:40.980 +to try to get enough of a mutual + +58:40.980 --> 58:43.380 +understanding, and this comes very much + +58:43.380 --> 58:45.260 +out of the tradition of Scandinavian + +58:45.260 --> 58:47.120 +systems design that we've been deeply + +58:47.120 --> 58:50.120 +influenced by, the idea that people doing + +58:50.120 --> 58:53.020 +a particular kind of work using relevant + +58:53.020 --> 58:55.280 +technologies need to have enough of an + +58:55.280 --> 58:56.520 +understanding of what the technological + +58:56.520 --> 59:00.520 +possibilities are that they can engage in + +59:00.520 --> 59:03.120 +thinking intelligently about what the + +59:03.120 --> 59:05.100 +possibilities could be. And that's what + +59:05.100 --> 59:07.920 +our running prototype in this worksite is + +59:07.920 --> 59:10.520 +doing. It's giving people in the worksite + +59:10.520 --> 59:13.200 +the ability to imagine what the + +59:13.200 --> 59:14.880 +technology, to have enough of an + +59:14.880 --> 59:16.380 +understanding of what the technology does + +59:16.380 --> 59:17.980 +to be able to imagine what it could do. + +59:18.140 --> 59:21.060 +And similarly for us, we need not to + +59:21.060 --> 59:22.780 +become civil engineers. That would require + +59:22.780 --> 59:26.800 +many lifetimes to do that in all of the + +59:26.800 --> 59:29.880 +sites where we might want to design. But + +59:29.880 --> 59:31.220 +we need to develop enough of an + +59:31.220 --> 59:33.420 +appreciation for what their issues are + +59:33.420 --> 59:36.440 +that we, in turn, can think intelligently + +59:36.440 --> 59:39.420 +about their work. And doing the kind of + +59:39.420 --> 59:41.840 +projects that we're doing on site in the + +59:41.840 --> 59:44.040 +way that we're doing them enables that + +59:44.040 --> 59:47.720 +sort of collaboration so that you get what + +59:47.720 --> 59:49.940 +I think is a very powerful combination of + +59:49.940 --> 59:53.600 +grounded understanding of existing + +59:53.600 --> 59:58.800 +practice plus imagination of how things + +59:58.800 --> 01:00:02.580 +might be different. So I'll stop there and + +01:00:02.580 --> 01:00:05.980 +take questions. Yeah. What are your + +01:00:05.980 --> 01:00:09.120 +thoughts at the moment on purging and on + +01:00:09.120 --> 01:00:12.040 +archiving machine-readable forms? + +01:00:16.020 --> 01:00:20.480 +Well, if we get to stay around long enough + +01:00:20.480 --> 01:00:23.600 +we'll see because in terms of archiving + +01:00:23.600 --> 01:00:27.280 +it's a very explicit part of this project + +01:00:27.280 --> 01:00:31.040 +files process that a subset of the + +01:00:31.040 --> 01:00:33.000 +documents in the project files go into a + +01:00:33.000 --> 01:00:36.200 +history file. In paper. Now at the moment + +01:00:36.200 --> 01:00:38.740 +everything is in paper. So, but that means + +01:00:38.740 --> 01:00:40.300 +that if we have an online collection, + +01:00:40.660 --> 01:00:42.860 +eventually a subset of that online + +01:00:42.860 --> 01:00:46.440 +collection will need to be archived. And + +01:00:46.440 --> 01:00:50.620 +another, presumably some other documents + +01:00:50.620 --> 01:00:52.220 +that are useful in the course of the + +01:00:52.220 --> 01:00:54.080 +project will no longer be needed. I read + +01:00:54.080 --> 01:00:55.660 +an article in the New York News very + +01:00:55.660 --> 01:00:58.540 +recently about the fact that even DVDs are + +01:00:58.540 --> 01:01:01.020 +now known to deteriorate much more rapidly + +01:01:01.020 --> 01:01:04.000 +than anyone expected they would. Much + +01:01:04.000 --> 01:01:06.800 +faster than film, for example. And now + +01:01:06.800 --> 01:01:08.380 +this is a more general question to someone + +01:01:08.380 --> 01:01:12.820 +from PARC. What are you going to use to + +01:01:12.820 --> 01:01:15.680 +archive records? Yeah, I am not an + +01:01:15.680 --> 01:01:17.800 +archivist, but I think that, I know that's + +01:01:17.800 --> 01:01:20.200 +a really serious and pressing question + +01:01:20.200 --> 01:01:24.660 +because archivists know a lot about paper + +01:01:24.660 --> 01:01:27.500 +as a medium. And there's been a huge + +01:01:27.500 --> 01:01:31.140 +amount of work done to develop kinds of + +01:01:31.140 --> 01:01:33.320 +paper that are extremely durable, much + +01:01:33.320 --> 01:01:35.700 +more than we know or have done in relation + +01:01:35.700 --> 01:01:37.260 +to digital media. So I don't have the + +01:01:37.260 --> 01:01:39.700 +answer, but I think it's a very important + +01:01:39.700 --> 01:01:42.900 +question. Yeah? Have you looked at the + +01:01:42.900 --> 01:01:45.560 +change in practice after introduction of + +01:01:45.560 --> 01:01:47.180 +your prototype? You have a fascinating + +01:01:47.180 --> 01:01:49.380 +natural experiment. Any result from it? + +01:01:49.680 --> 01:01:52.300 +Oh, yeah. I mean, well, let's see. + +01:01:53.960 --> 01:01:57.060 +Obviously, before we were there, the + +01:01:57.060 --> 01:02:00.040 +practice was to take these documents and + +01:02:00.040 --> 01:02:02.440 +put them into the binders. and we've + +01:02:02.440 --> 01:02:07.000 +interjected an entire new sort of piece of + +01:02:07.000 --> 01:02:10.780 +work that we hope is going to be valuable + +01:02:10.780 --> 01:02:13.280 +enough that it's worth doing. At the + +01:02:13.280 --> 01:02:15.340 +moment, of course, they're doing both + +01:02:15.340 --> 01:02:17.340 +things so that after things are put into + +01:02:17.340 --> 01:02:19.040 +the online collection, they get put into + +01:02:19.040 --> 01:02:20.800 +the binders. I think it's... + +01:02:24.300 --> 01:02:26.860 +We've actually wondered what would be + +01:02:26.860 --> 01:02:30.140 +happening if we weren't there because the + +01:02:30.140 --> 01:02:34.500 +state of the documents that needed to go + +01:02:34.500 --> 01:02:36.800 +into the project files was reaching kind + +01:02:36.800 --> 01:02:40.720 +of a crisis point at the time when we + +01:02:40.720 --> 01:02:42.160 +actually got our prototype up and running. + +01:02:42.320 --> 01:02:43.520 +I mean there were just stacks of documents + +01:02:43.520 --> 01:02:46.900 +everywhere. It was out of control in part + +01:02:46.900 --> 01:02:48.840 +because the whole project is on an + +01:02:48.840 --> 01:02:50.960 +accelerated time frame and there's nobody + +01:02:50.960 --> 01:02:54.460 +to do that work. And so partly I think our + +01:02:54.460 --> 01:02:56.760 +being there, this this is a bit of a + +01:02:56.760 --> 01:02:58.580 +Hawthorne effect, but it's had now, I + +01:02:58.580 --> 01:02:59.960 +think, some really enduring consequences, + +01:03:00.300 --> 01:03:05.280 +was to raise the project files, both to + +01:03:05.280 --> 01:03:08.960 +raise their visibility within the team, + +01:03:09.180 --> 01:03:12.920 +and also we obviously put a lot of labor + +01:03:12.920 --> 01:03:15.120 +into getting the online collection + +01:03:15.120 --> 01:03:18.760 +together. I think what usually happens + +01:03:18.760 --> 01:03:20.840 +around the project files is that they're + +01:03:20.840 --> 01:03:25.040 +managed on an as-needed basis. So for a + +01:03:25.040 --> 01:03:27.180 +large part of the project people go along + +01:03:27.180 --> 01:03:29.900 +doing sort of crisis document search. They + +01:03:29.900 --> 01:03:31.580 +need to find something, they spend huge + +01:03:31.580 --> 01:03:34.680 +amounts of time searching through piles of + +01:03:34.680 --> 01:03:36.680 +documents. And then at the point where + +01:03:36.680 --> 01:03:38.600 +they're actually responsible for turning + +01:03:38.600 --> 01:03:41.420 +the collection over to someone else, they + +01:03:41.420 --> 01:03:44.160 +do a huge amount of work to pull the + +01:03:44.160 --> 01:03:45.700 +collection together. So the collection + +01:03:45.700 --> 01:03:48.620 +becomes more like a record than a useful + +01:03:48.620 --> 01:03:53.440 +resource in the actual work as it's going + +01:03:53.440 --> 01:03:57.520 +on. So I'm hoping that one of the effects + +01:03:57.520 --> 01:04:02.800 +of our intervention is to make the project + +01:04:02.800 --> 01:04:05.900 +files into much more of a sort of active + +01:04:05.900 --> 01:04:09.320 +resource and obviously cut down a great + +01:04:09.320 --> 01:04:10.560 +deal on the amount of time they spend + +01:04:10.560 --> 01:04:13.100 +searching through cardboard boxes and all + +01:04:13.100 --> 01:04:17.320 +the other stats that are around. Two + +01:04:17.320 --> 01:04:20.020 +questions. A lot of times people take old + +01:04:20.020 --> 01:04:21.780 +documents and modify them, either clipping + +01:04:21.780 --> 01:04:24.000 +notes to them or making changes to them. + +01:04:24.060 --> 01:04:25.460 +How do you handle that in the system? Are + +01:04:25.460 --> 01:04:26.660 +there multiple copies of the document, + +01:04:26.800 --> 01:04:30.140 +links or what? There are multiple copies, + +01:04:30.400 --> 01:04:33.040 +multiple versions of documents, and in a + +01:04:33.040 --> 01:04:35.520 +way that's fine. You know, we're one of, + +01:04:35.580 --> 01:04:38.640 +we don't worry, we've tried to keep an eye + +01:04:38.640 --> 01:04:41.040 +out for exact duplicates and not put exact + +01:04:41.040 --> 01:04:42.760 +duplicates in. But we've got many + +01:04:42.760 --> 01:04:44.980 +variations on documents with different + +01:04:44.980 --> 01:04:47.280 +annotations and I think one of the + +01:04:47.280 --> 01:04:49.500 +benefits of this kind of a system is that + +01:04:49.500 --> 01:04:52.120 +you can do that, you know, at a relatively + +01:04:52.120 --> 01:04:53.840 +low cost. And then when you do your + +01:04:53.840 --> 01:04:57.420 +search, you're going to get back all of + +01:04:57.420 --> 01:04:59.320 +the different versions and you can look + +01:04:59.320 --> 01:05:01.940 +for the one that you want. It's really up + +01:05:01.940 --> 01:05:05.300 +to them to decide which documents go into + +01:05:05.300 --> 01:05:07.420 +the collection. So I would say, you know, + +01:05:07.500 --> 01:05:11.060 +if something gets pulled out and modified, + +01:05:11.800 --> 01:05:13.540 +it's going to be their call whether it + +01:05:13.540 --> 01:05:16.240 +should then be rescanned in a new version. + +01:05:16.720 --> 01:05:18.300 +But we want to make the scanning easy + +01:05:18.300 --> 01:05:20.940 +enough that if you wanted to do that, it + +01:05:20.940 --> 01:05:22.440 +wouldn't be a big deal. The second + +01:05:22.440 --> 01:05:24.480 +question is, with the changing of the + +01:05:24.480 --> 01:05:27.820 +classification, How much of that is them + +01:05:27.820 --> 01:05:29.700 +learning the system and thinking about it + +01:05:29.700 --> 01:05:31.200 +for the first time versus they're moving + +01:05:31.200 --> 01:05:35.680 +on to different phases of the work? I + +01:05:35.680 --> 01:05:38.760 +think partly it's their thinking more + +01:05:38.760 --> 01:05:44.200 +about it. Partly their orientation to the + +01:05:44.200 --> 01:05:45.920 +classification scheme is tied to the + +01:05:45.920 --> 01:05:47.380 +particular thing that they're working on + +01:05:47.380 --> 01:05:49.640 +at the moment. For example, we just had a + +01:05:49.640 --> 01:05:52.940 +major revision to the filing system by one + +01:05:52.940 --> 01:05:55.440 +of the engineers who was given + +01:05:55.440 --> 01:05:58.400 +responsibility for doing some work around + +01:05:58.400 --> 01:06:01.480 +all of the task orders to consultants. So + +01:06:01.480 --> 01:06:04.180 +he was focused on the task orders to + +01:06:04.180 --> 01:06:06.020 +consultants. He looked at the previous + +01:06:06.020 --> 01:06:08.420 +classification scheme, and he didn't like + +01:06:08.420 --> 01:06:10.780 +the ways in which, you know, he was + +01:06:10.780 --> 01:06:11.980 +actually going to look for those things, + +01:06:12.020 --> 01:06:13.820 +and they were interspersed in ways that he + +01:06:13.820 --> 01:06:15.260 +didn't like, and he wanted to create a new + +01:06:15.260 --> 01:06:18.180 +category for them. So it's very much + +01:06:18.180 --> 01:06:22.200 +occasioned by you turn to do a particular + +01:06:22.200 --> 01:06:27.500 +task and you then find things that matter + +01:06:27.500 --> 01:06:29.840 +to you. And I think that kind of + +01:06:29.840 --> 01:06:32.240 +interweaving of the design of the + +01:06:32.240 --> 01:06:34.920 +classification scheme and the ongoing work + +01:06:34.920 --> 01:06:37.460 +is critical. You've got to be able to sort + +01:06:37.460 --> 01:06:39.320 +of work back and forth between the two. It + +01:06:39.320 --> 01:06:41.420 +doesn't happen all at once at the + +01:06:41.420 --> 01:06:44.040 +beginning. And it doesn't even happen at + +01:06:44.040 --> 01:06:47.080 +sort of predictable times. It happens as + +01:06:47.080 --> 01:06:50.120 +the spirit moves you and you actually + +01:06:50.120 --> 01:06:55.340 +care, then you focus on it. Yeah? I + +01:06:55.340 --> 01:06:58.800 +noticed in my experience, if I have some + +01:06:58.800 --> 01:07:04.100 +kind of archives, I put them on my desk so + +01:07:04.100 --> 01:07:06.460 +that I can remember that I need to look at + +01:07:06.460 --> 01:07:08.840 +these things. I'm wondering if you guys + +01:07:08.840 --> 01:07:11.320 +have thought about that in terms of those + +01:07:11.320 --> 01:07:12.860 +documents are actually a trigger to + +01:07:12.860 --> 01:07:14.700 +remember things. If they're in some kind + +01:07:14.700 --> 01:07:17.820 +of electronic form, it may not be as good + +01:07:17.820 --> 01:07:19.700 +of a trigger. Right, absolutely. I think + +01:07:19.700 --> 01:07:21.420 +the difference between having things sort + +01:07:21.420 --> 01:07:25.120 +of enclosed in a workstation and spread + +01:07:25.120 --> 01:07:29.260 +around is very important. In a way, that's + +01:07:29.260 --> 01:07:30.960 +about how things move between this sort of + +01:07:30.960 --> 01:07:33.940 +active and working status. But I think + +01:07:33.940 --> 01:07:35.240 +there are interesting possibilities, + +01:07:35.500 --> 01:07:38.100 +again, for new kinds of integration there. + +01:07:38.100 --> 01:07:40.060 +I mean one of the things that people at + +01:07:40.060 --> 01:07:41.680 +PARCC have been working on for a long time + +01:07:41.680 --> 01:07:46.980 +are these glyphs, basically barcode type + +01:07:46.980 --> 01:07:51.000 +images that you could put onto documents + +01:07:51.000 --> 01:07:55.260 +that are instructions for a machine + +01:07:55.260 --> 01:07:59.320 +readable. So one of the ideas is that you + +01:07:59.320 --> 01:08:02.140 +could have, it's been called document + +01:08:02.140 --> 01:08:04.500 +tokens, or let's say you have, I mean I've + +01:08:04.500 --> 01:08:05.760 +always thought it would be nice to have + +01:08:05.760 --> 01:08:08.160 +paper file cabinets, minutes, but instead + +01:08:08.160 --> 01:08:10.480 +of the whole papers I'd have first pages. + +01:08:11.460 --> 01:08:15.140 +And then you could take out that page and + +01:08:15.140 --> 01:08:18.620 +stick it into a scanner and get the whole + +01:08:18.620 --> 01:08:21.680 +document back out again. So variations on + +01:08:21.680 --> 01:08:24.040 +how we could both have those sort of + +01:08:24.040 --> 01:08:26.700 +mnemonic cues, but maybe not have in every + +01:08:26.700 --> 01:08:28.520 +case the whole document sitting around, + +01:08:28.760 --> 01:08:32.040 +for example. But that kind of playing with + +01:08:32.040 --> 01:08:34.120 +the relationship between the paper and the + +01:08:34.120 --> 01:08:37.140 +digital I think is really interesting, + +01:08:37.340 --> 01:08:40.860 +much more interesting direction than + +01:08:40.860 --> 01:08:43.760 +thinking about the paperless office. I + +01:08:43.760 --> 01:08:45.500 +think it would be interesting to see that + +01:08:45.500 --> 01:08:48.800 +people, a lot of people have personal post + +01:08:48.800 --> 01:08:51.320 +-it notes where although the documents are + +01:08:51.320 --> 01:08:52.720 +shared between everyone, there's some kind + +01:08:52.720 --> 01:08:55.120 +of system locally on their computer where + +01:08:55.120 --> 01:08:56.800 +they can add post-it notes to the files + +01:08:56.800 --> 01:08:58.880 +that represent their own files. Right. + +01:08:58.900 --> 01:09:00.660 +Well, if we're imagining this as a web + +01:09:00.660 --> 01:09:02.700 +-based thing, people should be able to + +01:09:02.700 --> 01:09:03.980 +create their own sub-collections. + +01:09:03.980 --> 01:09:05.440 +collections, people should be able to have + +01:09:05.440 --> 01:09:07.400 +their own sets of bookmarks obviously and + +01:09:07.400 --> 01:09:10.700 +do sort of personalized subsets of the + +01:09:10.700 --> 01:09:13.240 +project files. We've got a lot of post-its + +01:09:13.240 --> 01:09:14.840 +in the project files. We've been very + +01:09:14.840 --> 01:09:17.140 +conscientious about scanning everything, + +01:09:17.420 --> 01:09:19.900 +right? So we scan post-its and sometimes + +01:09:19.900 --> 01:09:22.500 +if it's a post-it that obscures the + +01:09:22.500 --> 01:09:24.740 +document, we'll do it twice so we'll have + +01:09:24.740 --> 01:09:26.760 +an image of the document with the post-it + +01:09:26.760 --> 01:09:28.640 +and then the page behind it, right? But + +01:09:28.640 --> 01:09:31.480 +those sorts of things, we take those + +01:09:31.480 --> 01:09:36.780 +seriously. Yeah? Have you started to + +01:09:36.780 --> 01:09:39.360 +gather any evidence on how people, without + +01:09:39.360 --> 01:09:41.860 +using both the paper files and the online + +01:09:41.860 --> 01:09:43.740 +version, are they starting, I mean, do you + +01:09:43.740 --> 01:09:45.640 +find them turning to search in one or the + +01:09:45.640 --> 01:09:48.800 +other? Yeah, I think it's too early to say + +01:09:48.800 --> 01:09:50.840 +that. We've been so focused on building + +01:09:50.840 --> 01:09:53.220 +this collection that we're just beginning. + +01:09:53.440 --> 01:09:55.220 +It's just now getting to the point where + +01:09:55.220 --> 01:09:59.340 +it's substantial enough, And it's, I think + +01:09:59.340 --> 01:10:01.800 +we're passing that threshold where we've + +01:10:01.800 --> 01:10:03.440 +got enough documents in the collection and + +01:10:03.440 --> 01:10:05.880 +it's going to be enough easier to find + +01:10:05.880 --> 01:10:08.560 +things in the collection than on paper + +01:10:08.560 --> 01:10:11.700 +that the search will really start. But + +01:10:11.700 --> 01:10:14.180 +that's where we're focused at the moment + +01:10:14.180 --> 01:10:16.620 +and I think it's too soon to say. We've + +01:10:16.620 --> 01:10:19.080 +gotten reports of, you know, I found a + +01:10:19.080 --> 01:10:21.040 +document using your system that I hadn't + +01:10:21.040 --> 01:10:23.260 +been able to find. But the sense I have is + +01:10:23.260 --> 01:10:27.880 +that it's still people probably go first + +01:10:27.880 --> 01:10:30.080 +to look for the thing on paper and then if + +01:10:30.080 --> 01:10:31.800 +they can't find it, they go to the system. + +01:10:31.960 --> 01:10:36.280 +We really have to get the system much more + +01:10:36.280 --> 01:10:38.880 +sort of on people's desktops so that, you + +01:10:38.880 --> 01:10:41.040 +know, we've put a bookmark on Dave's + +01:10:41.040 --> 01:10:43.680 +machine and we've made little cheat sheets + +01:10:43.680 --> 01:10:45.980 +about how easy it is to do search. But + +01:10:45.980 --> 01:10:47.540 +people aren't quite into it yet. yet they + +01:10:47.540 --> 01:10:50.120 +still view the intern as the kind of, that + +01:10:50.120 --> 01:10:51.680 +they'll go to him and he'll do an online + +01:10:51.680 --> 01:10:53.340 +search for them. So we're, I think, very + +01:10:53.340 --> 01:10:55.500 +much still in that process. + +01:10:59.660 --> 01:11:01.400 +Right. Well, I think that's going to + +01:11:01.400 --> 01:11:03.320 +depend on the document. In some cases, I + +01:11:03.320 --> 01:11:05.340 +think they'll print it out. In some cases, + +01:11:05.340 --> 01:11:06.740 +they'll want to go back and find the + +01:11:06.740 --> 01:11:11.680 +original. Yeah. I saw images of drawings, + +01:11:11.880 --> 01:11:15.240 +but I haven't read the CAD files. Right. + +01:11:15.240 --> 01:11:17.340 +They actually handle their CAD files, + +01:11:17.560 --> 01:11:21.580 +their actual plans separately from the + +01:11:21.580 --> 01:11:25.040 +project files at this point. And so we + +01:11:25.040 --> 01:11:29.120 +don't have, we have some printouts of + +01:11:29.120 --> 01:11:33.260 +plans that, you know, have some historical + +01:11:33.260 --> 01:11:35.380 +relationship to the current project. But + +01:11:35.380 --> 01:11:37.900 +their actual working CAD files are treated + +01:11:37.900 --> 01:11:42.880 +totally separately and are much more, at + +01:11:42.880 --> 01:11:46.620 +this point, online. than the rest of these + +01:11:46.620 --> 01:11:51.340 +documents. So not at this point. But + +01:11:51.340 --> 01:11:54.000 +that's going to be important eventually to + +01:11:54.000 --> 01:11:58.180 +do that. Yeah. You have been mentioning + +01:11:58.180 --> 01:12:01.520 +that there is a growing need to keep care + +01:12:01.520 --> 01:12:04.540 +of the coding. I mean, there is a kind of + +01:12:04.540 --> 01:12:08.000 +of all this stuff. And when the project + +01:12:08.000 --> 01:12:12.540 +gets larger, do you foresee the need to + +01:12:12.540 --> 01:12:14.500 +have someone taking care care of the + +01:12:14.500 --> 01:12:17.220 +Cesarus and then possibly undermining the + +01:12:17.220 --> 01:12:20.020 +economic benefits of the system or the + +01:12:20.460 --> 01:12:21.840 +benefits in terms of, is that the + +01:12:21.840 --> 01:12:24.720 +engineers caring for the Cesarus will + +01:12:24.720 --> 01:12:26.700 +overcome the fact that someone will have + +01:12:26.700 --> 01:12:28.680 +to be professionally involved in keeping + +01:12:28.680 --> 01:12:30.940 +the Cesarus? I do think that in order to + +01:12:30.940 --> 01:12:33.160 +get the value from the system, there will + +01:12:33.160 --> 01:12:35.260 +need to be some human resources invested + +01:12:35.260 --> 01:12:39.340 +in, particularly in the ongoing + +01:12:39.340 --> 01:12:41.820 +modification and maintenance of the + +01:12:41.820 --> 01:12:43.660 +collection, the kinds of things where we + +01:12:43.660 --> 01:12:45.900 +want to make a substantial enough change + +01:12:45.900 --> 01:12:48.360 +to the classification scheme that + +01:12:48.360 --> 01:12:50.060 +something's got to run over the collection + +01:12:50.060 --> 01:12:53.380 +and bring it up to date. And I think that + +01:12:53.380 --> 01:12:55.900 +is a new role that's really going to be + +01:12:55.900 --> 01:12:59.120 +crucial, which I would see as a relatively + +01:12:59.120 --> 01:13:01.600 +small investment that has the potential of + +01:13:01.600 --> 01:13:04.080 +actually making the rest of the investment + +01:13:04.080 --> 01:13:07.660 +pay off. But those are the kinds of, I + +01:13:07.660 --> 01:13:09.180 +think, really hard issues, practical + +01:13:09.180 --> 01:13:14.100 +issues around getting a system like this + +01:13:14.100 --> 01:13:18.020 +really implemented in an organization. Do + +01:13:18.020 --> 01:13:20.120 +you know if there was someone in the past + +01:13:20.120 --> 01:13:23.120 +before the cuts in the budgets that would + +01:13:23.120 --> 01:13:24.720 +do this work? So the technology is + +01:13:24.720 --> 01:13:26.400 +bringing back a figure that was there. + +01:13:26.600 --> 01:13:30.240 +Well in a way there is a, for example, one + +01:13:30.240 --> 01:13:34.220 +of the engineers now keeps a copy of the + +01:13:34.220 --> 01:13:36.800 +UFS, us actually uses an Excel spreadsheet + +01:13:36.800 --> 01:13:39.140 +because interesting I'm not quite sure why + +01:13:39.140 --> 01:13:40.600 +but I think because he likes all the + +01:13:40.600 --> 01:13:42.660 +columns and rows and everything and he + +01:13:42.660 --> 01:13:46.300 +actually goes in and edits edits that and + +01:13:46.300 --> 01:13:49.020 +so what what that would mean now is you + +01:13:49.020 --> 01:13:52.560 +get your new uniform filing system and + +01:13:52.560 --> 01:13:54.340 +then you'd have to go back and and make + +01:13:54.340 --> 01:13:56.100 +sure your binders were you know + +01:13:56.100 --> 01:13:58.240 +synchronized with that so there is a kind + +01:13:58.240 --> 01:14:00.120 +of version of it now but it involves a + +01:14:00.120 --> 01:14:01.980 +very different set of skills And we're + +01:14:01.980 --> 01:14:03.800 +talking about some programming skills here + +01:14:03.800 --> 01:14:05.360 +that take you into whole other + +01:14:05.360 --> 01:14:07.520 +departments. Then you get into the + +01:14:07.520 --> 01:14:09.560 +information systems department and you're + +01:14:09.560 --> 01:14:12.420 +into an entirely new sort of place in the + +01:14:12.420 --> 01:14:16.120 +organization. So it's, yeah. Have you + +01:14:16.120 --> 01:14:19.980 +found that formalizing + +01:14:19.980 --> 01:14:22.360 +the work processes and work flows, the + +01:14:22.360 --> 01:14:25.180 +roles of the people help you in figuring + +01:14:25.180 --> 01:14:26.900 +out what kind of coding system would be + +01:14:26.900 --> 01:14:29.800 +helpful? My immediate answer is no. I + +01:14:29.800 --> 01:14:31.060 +guess I should think about it a little bit + +01:14:31.060 --> 01:14:35.560 +more. I mean, it's so dynamic. They're + +01:14:35.560 --> 01:14:38.840 +constantly negotiating their sort of + +01:14:38.840 --> 01:14:40.960 +working division of labor within the + +01:14:40.960 --> 01:14:43.040 +group. And I mean, there are frameworks + +01:14:43.040 --> 01:14:47.900 +that come down centrally. There's a large + +01:14:47.900 --> 01:14:51.580 +procedure manual for projects at Caltrans, + +01:14:51.680 --> 01:14:54.900 +which is really a framework for, you know, + +01:14:54.900 --> 01:14:56.920 +here here are the sort of basic components + +01:14:56.920 --> 01:15:00.640 +of what you need to, what needs to shape a + +01:15:00.640 --> 01:15:03.620 +project. And then, you know, the lead + +01:15:03.620 --> 01:15:05.800 +engineers for the individual projects have + +01:15:05.800 --> 01:15:08.080 +a huge amount of discretion in the way + +01:15:08.080 --> 01:15:09.980 +that they organize their particular team, + +01:15:10.140 --> 01:15:12.440 +and that's changing all the time with the + +01:15:12.440 --> 01:15:14.140 +different phases of the project as they + +01:15:14.140 --> 01:15:15.800 +see what's working and what's not working. + +01:15:16.080 --> 01:15:18.540 +So I think it's such a moving target that, + +01:15:18.600 --> 01:15:21.320 +you know, a lot of what I've been talking + +01:15:21.320 --> 01:15:23.300 +about is trying to provide a kind of + +01:15:23.300 --> 01:15:28.040 +toolkit kit or a suite of resources that + +01:15:28.040 --> 01:15:29.760 +can be picked up and combined and + +01:15:29.760 --> 01:15:31.940 +recombined very flexibly. And that's + +01:15:31.940 --> 01:15:34.780 +essential because their own division of + +01:15:34.780 --> 01:15:38.080 +labor and their roles in the organization + +01:15:38.080 --> 01:15:43.560 +of the work is so dynamic. So in this kind + +01:15:43.560 --> 01:15:45.980 +of situation I'm not much of a believer in + +01:15:45.980 --> 01:15:48.420 +in, well, some of you know I'm not much of + +01:15:48.420 --> 01:15:51.180 +a believer in workflow, but definitely for + +01:15:51.180 --> 01:15:55.440 +this kind of worksite. I guess I was + +01:15:55.440 --> 01:15:57.100 +thinking at the document level thinking + +01:15:57.100 --> 01:16:00.940 +about flows and uses. That would help you. + +01:16:01.380 --> 01:16:03.500 +And whether there is then some meta models + +01:16:03.500 --> 01:16:05.820 +that would emerge. Well, I think the + +01:16:05.820 --> 01:16:07.200 +problem is that I think what you could + +01:16:07.200 --> 01:16:09.100 +come up with would be very schematic. It + +01:16:09.100 --> 01:16:10.840 +would be useful, but it would be very + +01:16:10.840 --> 01:16:15.820 +schematic. and the actual use would take + +01:16:15.820 --> 01:16:20.280 +you off into very sort of circumstantially + +01:16:20.280 --> 01:16:25.020 +organized cases that, I mean, at this + +01:16:25.020 --> 01:16:28.600 +point we haven't felt any need. I mean, + +01:16:28.600 --> 01:16:30.780 +obviously you could come along and + +01:16:30.780 --> 01:16:34.200 +describe the organization of work that's + +01:16:34.200 --> 01:16:38.680 +been set up in a model, but it's not clear + +01:16:38.680 --> 01:16:40.540 +to me what value it would have at this + +01:16:40.540 --> 01:16:40.800 +point. + +01:16:44.200 --> 01:16:49.060 +I wanted to ask, what are some of the, + +01:16:49.180 --> 01:16:51.300 +what you might call the innovation to come + +01:16:51.300 --> 01:16:54.140 +in the scanner as a product? I was trying + +01:16:54.140 --> 01:16:55.680 +to get your impression. It's one of the + +01:16:55.680 --> 01:16:58.140 +more labor intensive parts in this + +01:16:58.140 --> 01:17:02.540 +process. Are we expecting some new product + +01:17:02.540 --> 01:17:04.720 +from Xerox to replace the scanner as we + +01:17:04.720 --> 01:17:08.560 +know it today? Not that I can think of. I + +01:17:08.560 --> 01:17:10.520 +mean scanners, I don't, you know, scanners + +01:17:10.520 --> 01:17:14.500 +are great. I'm a great fan of scanners at + +01:17:14.500 --> 01:17:16.620 +this point. I think the software that + +01:17:16.620 --> 01:17:19.500 +controls the scanner is critical. And, I + +01:17:19.500 --> 01:17:21.460 +mean, I will definitely put in a plug for + +01:17:21.460 --> 01:17:25.600 +Pages. Pages Pro 2.0 is what we've been + +01:17:25.600 --> 01:17:26.980 +using. It's a wonderful application + +01:17:26.980 --> 01:17:29.200 +because it actually lets you see what + +01:17:29.200 --> 01:17:31.980 +you're doing. And it lets you go in and + +01:17:31.980 --> 01:17:35.360 +very, very easily, you get a row of + +01:17:35.360 --> 01:17:38.720 +thumbnails. You can reorder them. You can + +01:17:38.720 --> 01:17:42.920 +rotate things so that you can very, very + +01:17:42.920 --> 01:17:48.300 +easily, manually, but very easily make + +01:17:48.300 --> 01:17:51.040 +sure that the online document that you + +01:17:51.040 --> 01:17:53.400 +scan actually looks the way that you want + +01:17:53.400 --> 01:17:55.400 +it to look. Now, you can get, and + +01:17:55.400 --> 01:17:57.640 +actually, Pages also has wonderful sort of + +01:17:57.640 --> 01:17:59.820 +automatic de-skewing. And you can watch + +01:17:59.820 --> 01:18:01.540 +that happen too. It's very entertaining. + +01:18:01.720 --> 01:18:03.260 +You sit there and you see your little + +01:18:03.260 --> 01:18:04.920 +document get scanned and come up, and then + +01:18:04.920 --> 01:18:07.820 +you see pages align it, fix its alignment, + +01:18:07.900 --> 01:18:11.520 +and you go, oh, that's great. So I think + +01:18:11.520 --> 01:18:13.320 +it's a very, very nice piece of software + +01:18:13.320 --> 01:18:16.040 +because, as I say, it makes everything + +01:18:16.040 --> 01:18:17.860 +that's happening so visible. You can both + +01:18:17.860 --> 01:18:20.580 +see the things that you need to see in + +01:18:20.580 --> 01:18:22.500 +order to do the stuff manually that you + +01:18:22.500 --> 01:18:25.000 +need to do, and you can watch it doing + +01:18:25.000 --> 01:18:28.420 +what it's doing automatically. and you + +01:18:28.420 --> 01:18:30.160 +know you need some entertainment while + +01:18:30.160 --> 01:18:32.780 +you're doing this so it's helpful. + +01:18:37.380 --> 01:18:40.780 +Any others? I think we've exhausted + +01:18:40.780 --> 01:18:49.140 +ourselves. so how do + +01:18:49.140 --> 01:18:52.780 +they maintain + +01:18:52.780 --> 01:18:55.760 +the integrity of the binders so you don't + +01:18:55.760 --> 01:18:57.280 +have everybody looking and saying oh I + +01:18:57.280 --> 01:18:59.080 +need that and it just sprang to their desk + +01:18:59.080 --> 01:19:01.360 +it may or may not get back into that + +01:19:01.360 --> 01:19:03.660 +binder or it may not get back anywhere + +01:19:03.660 --> 01:19:05.940 +It's a problem. It's a problem. It's a + +01:19:05.940 --> 01:19:07.540 +problem. It's a problem. And that's + +01:19:07.540 --> 01:19:09.300 +actually a problem, you know, again, which + +01:19:09.300 --> 01:19:12.500 +this would help address because you can + +01:19:12.500 --> 01:19:14.200 +print out a copy of the document and it's + +01:19:14.200 --> 01:19:18.920 +still there. All right, thanks a lot. + +01:19:36.980 --> 01:19:38.380 +Yeah. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/wz130pm0515_sl_mp4.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/wz130pm0515_sl_mp4.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b36a41b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/wz130pm0515_sl_mp4.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,5165 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:16.940 --> 00:21.580 +All right. Welcome to CS547. I've just got + +00:21.580 --> 00:25.200 +a few words of administrative stuff. The + +00:25.200 --> 00:27.320 +official sign-in list is right here. It + +00:27.320 --> 00:28.700 +should have everyone's name on it who was + +00:28.700 --> 00:30.680 +here last time. Just give your signature + +00:30.680 --> 00:32.820 +next to it, and that should be enough. If + +00:32.820 --> 00:34.340 +you're not on the list, just put your name + +00:34.340 --> 00:35.980 +at the end. And we've also had some + +00:35.980 --> 00:39.160 +problems in the past with the list sort of + +00:39.160 --> 00:41.060 +being stuck over here. So if you're + +00:41.060 --> 00:42.320 +holding the list over here and it's not + +00:42.320 --> 00:43.960 +going anywhere, make sure it gets over + +00:43.960 --> 00:46.040 +there because that seems to be a perpetual + +00:46.040 --> 00:50.020 +problem. And subbing for today is Karen + +00:50.020 --> 00:51.180 +Butler, and she's going to give an + +00:51.180 --> 00:55.480 +introduction. Yes, I'm substituting for + +00:55.480 --> 00:58.100 +Professor Winograd today. and I just + +00:58.100 --> 01:00.680 +wanted to briefly introduce our speaker + +01:00.680 --> 01:06.120 +for today. Lucy Suchman was one of the + +01:06.120 --> 01:08.520 +first to apply anthropology to the whole + +01:08.520 --> 01:12.600 +area of human-computer interaction. She is + +01:12.600 --> 01:15.300 +the author of Plans and Situated Actions, + +01:15.360 --> 01:16.880 +which came out of her dissertation work. + +01:16.880 --> 01:20.500 +and she has been working at Xerox PARC for + +01:20.500 --> 01:25.660 +several years where she's head of the is + +01:25.660 --> 01:29.220 +it product work practices area and where + +01:29.220 --> 01:31.080 +she's really an expert in work patterns + +01:31.080 --> 01:32.620 +and applying this whole area so she's + +01:32.620 --> 01:34.260 +going to be speaking us to us today about + +01:34.260 --> 01:37.760 +some of her work in this area thank you + +01:46.880 --> 01:47.000 +OK. + +01:59.220 --> 02:01.880 +Oh, it's the left-right problem, I see. + +02:05.300 --> 02:09.340 +I have to reverse the little clip. + +02:21.640 --> 02:25.480 +Okay, is that as it's supposed to be as + +02:25.480 --> 02:30.400 +far as you can tell? Okay, my talk today + +02:30.400 --> 02:33.860 +is, the title is Putting Working Document + +02:33.860 --> 02:36.440 +Collections Online, and I'm going to use a + +02:36.440 --> 02:38.780 +current project that I'm involved with as + +02:38.780 --> 02:42.280 +a kind of illustration of the work that I + +02:42.280 --> 02:44.820 +and my colleagues at Xerox PARC have been + +02:44.820 --> 02:47.620 +doing, and this is very much a joint + +02:47.620 --> 02:50.420 +project with my colleagues Jeanette + +02:50.420 --> 02:52.520 +Blomberg, who's also an anthropologist, + +02:53.180 --> 02:55.500 +Randy Trigg, who's a computer scientist, + +02:55.720 --> 02:57.020 +and David Levy, who's a computer + +02:57.020 --> 02:59.400 +scientist. So this is a thoroughly + +02:59.400 --> 03:02.500 +collaborative effort that I'm presenting + +03:02.500 --> 03:06.180 +to you today. And as you'll see, the title + +03:06.180 --> 03:08.120 +is Putting Working Document Collections + +03:08.120 --> 03:11.040 +Online. That's sort of the more general + +03:11.040 --> 03:13.240 +project, and then the more specific + +03:13.240 --> 03:14.680 +instance of it that I'm going to be + +03:14.680 --> 03:17.000 +talking about is located in a particular + +03:17.000 --> 03:20.020 +organization, namely our beloved State + +03:20.020 --> 03:22.380 +Department of Transportation, Caltrans. + +03:23.560 --> 03:27.200 +And you'll hear a lot more about that as I + +03:27.200 --> 03:32.760 +go along. I wanted to start out by showing + +03:32.760 --> 03:36.940 +you one model of the problem of current + +03:36.940 --> 03:39.720 +design practice and how to address it. And + +03:39.720 --> 03:42.660 +I'm showing you this because this is not + +03:42.660 --> 03:46.600 +our model. And I'll let you digest it + +03:46.600 --> 03:46.800 +here. + +03:53.120 --> 03:56.440 +So this wonderful cartoon, which I like + +03:56.440 --> 03:59.860 +very much, posits a particular view of + +03:59.860 --> 04:02.540 +what the problem might be with existing + +04:02.540 --> 04:04.460 +design practice and how it might be + +04:04.460 --> 04:07.720 +corrected. And we're interested in viewing + +04:07.720 --> 04:11.040 +both sides of this in a very different + +04:11.040 --> 04:14.280 +way. You know, we see this not as a + +04:14.280 --> 04:16.980 +behavioral problem of individual + +04:16.980 --> 04:19.800 +designers, but as a very complex and + +04:19.800 --> 04:23.520 +multifaceted problem that really includes + +04:23.520 --> 04:26.660 +how design as a practice is currently + +04:26.660 --> 04:32.600 +located within what I think are two self + +04:32.600 --> 04:35.380 +-contained sort of insular environments + +04:35.380 --> 04:37.540 +environments and sort of overly + +04:37.540 --> 04:39.400 +professionalized world so that even + +04:39.400 --> 04:42.080 +designers, practicing designers who would + +04:42.080 --> 04:44.340 +really like to do things in a different + +04:44.340 --> 04:46.720 +way find it quite difficult to do that. + +04:46.880 --> 04:49.080 +And it shifts from being a kind of a + +04:49.080 --> 04:51.340 +psychological problem to being a social + +04:51.340 --> 04:55.180 +problem and one that implicates I think a + +04:55.180 --> 04:57.840 +fairly broad range of forms of social + +04:57.840 --> 04:59.960 +change if we really want want to address + +04:59.960 --> 05:02.940 +it that have to do with how the working + +05:02.940 --> 05:05.820 +relationships of technology production and + +05:05.820 --> 05:08.700 +use are currently organized. I'm not going + +05:08.700 --> 05:11.400 +to elaborate on that today, but that's + +05:11.400 --> 05:14.860 +kind of a framing for how we're looking at + +05:14.860 --> 05:18.160 +the question of design practice and + +05:18.160 --> 05:23.420 +potential changes and improvements to it. + +05:25.000 --> 05:28.980 +And let me give you, just to continue the + +05:28.980 --> 05:31.740 +prelude here a little bit longer, another + +05:31.740 --> 05:34.720 +kind of motivating view of our motivating + +05:34.720 --> 05:38.620 +problem. Any of you who have heard me talk + +05:38.620 --> 05:40.280 +before have probably seen this slide + +05:40.280 --> 05:42.600 +because I'm very fond of it. I apologize + +05:42.600 --> 05:46.300 +for any repetition. But it's an image + +05:46.300 --> 05:49.980 +that's taken from an ad in a computing + +05:49.980 --> 05:53.260 +magazine a few years back. and the + +05:53.260 --> 05:56.520 +question that it asks is why do this at + +05:56.520 --> 05:58.280 +the top you have the sort of proverbial + +05:58.280 --> 06:00.560 +paper napkin on which brilliant ideas have + +06:00.560 --> 06:02.580 +been scribbled over the course of a lunch + +06:02.580 --> 06:05.280 +and so the question is why do this use a + +06:05.280 --> 06:07.680 +paper napkin when you can do this and it's + +06:07.680 --> 06:09.560 +a little hard to see but we've got these + +06:09.560 --> 06:11.980 +two guys sitting at a very small table and + +06:11.980 --> 06:14.700 +they have a laptop in between them and of + +06:14.700 --> 06:16.220 +course it's not clear you know where they + +06:16.220 --> 06:18.300 +would put their lunch or their napkins or + +06:18.300 --> 06:20.200 +whatever but you know it's a little bit of + +06:20.200 --> 06:23.940 +poetic or artistic license here. And the + +06:23.940 --> 06:26.880 +project that we've taken on, I think of it + +06:26.880 --> 06:29.120 +as taking this as a serious question. So + +06:29.120 --> 06:31.280 +rather than treating it as a kind of + +06:31.280 --> 06:33.100 +rhetorical question, as I think the + +06:33.100 --> 06:34.860 +writers of this ad copy do, you know, the + +06:34.860 --> 06:36.700 +answer to this question is self-evident, + +06:36.780 --> 06:39.080 +we're saying, well, you know, what might + +06:39.080 --> 06:41.480 +be the reasons that you would do this + +06:41.480 --> 06:44.920 +given the opportunity to do that? And that + +06:44.920 --> 06:49.460 +starts by taking existing artifacts + +06:49.460 --> 06:53.320 +seriously. Paper napkins as, you know, for + +06:53.320 --> 06:56.420 +us an extremely relevant artifact in so + +06:56.420 --> 06:58.040 +far as, in this case, it's been turned + +06:58.040 --> 07:00.400 +into a document. And that's what we're + +07:00.400 --> 07:02.920 +interested in at Xerox. But so let's start + +07:02.920 --> 07:05.640 +by seeing what are the media that people + +07:05.640 --> 07:07.540 +are using at present. And what are the + +07:07.540 --> 07:09.300 +particular resources that those media + +07:09.300 --> 07:12.100 +provide? and have that as a background + +07:12.100 --> 07:14.580 +that informs the answer to the question, + +07:14.820 --> 07:18.140 +how is the introduction of new media, how + +07:18.140 --> 07:19.780 +does the introduction of new media relate + +07:19.780 --> 07:23.360 +to the use of existing media? So we want + +07:23.360 --> 07:25.320 +to take it as a serious question. We also + +07:25.320 --> 07:29.280 +want to, again, I think that this image + +07:29.280 --> 07:32.340 +assumes that we're in a situation where + +07:32.340 --> 07:34.540 +we're going from one medium to the next. + +07:34.660 --> 07:36.000 +So it's going to be a wholesale + +07:36.000 --> 07:39.220 +displacement transformation. this is the + +07:39.220 --> 07:43.020 +paperless office sort of fantasy. And + +07:43.020 --> 07:47.680 +instead, we're going to assume that we are + +07:47.680 --> 07:49.640 +now and will continue to be living in a + +07:49.640 --> 07:54.140 +world made up of multiple media. That for + +07:54.140 --> 07:57.760 +a lot of both practical reasons, paper is + +07:57.760 --> 07:59.600 +going to be staying around. It's just + +07:59.600 --> 08:01.800 +tremendously, there's a very, very + +08:01.800 --> 08:05.000 +extensive investment in paper media that + +08:05.000 --> 08:07.140 +can't be transformed overnight. night and + +08:07.140 --> 08:11.200 +also of course as people like my + +08:11.200 --> 08:13.680 +colleagues Abby Sellin and Richard Harper + +08:13.680 --> 08:16.520 +at the Cambridge lab of Xerox have pointed + +08:16.520 --> 08:19.460 +out paper has certain affordances that are + +08:19.460 --> 08:22.700 +that are quite powerful and effective so + +08:22.700 --> 08:24.960 +for both practical reasons and because + +08:24.960 --> 08:29.120 +paper is a useful medium we are going to + +08:29.120 --> 08:30.720 +continue to live in a world that's made up + +08:30.720 --> 08:35.320 +of multiple media and the sense I have is + +08:35.320 --> 08:37.600 +that you know we might just be becoming + +08:37.600 --> 08:39.940 +sophisticated enough technologically that + +08:39.940 --> 08:44.040 +we can actually design for a world that + +08:44.040 --> 08:46.140 +includes both paper and digital media and + +08:46.140 --> 08:49.040 +that involves of course making it much + +08:49.040 --> 08:52.420 +easier for people to move between those + +08:52.420 --> 08:54.700 +media so that's the goal is supporting + +08:54.700 --> 08:56.960 +multiple media and and relations between + +08:56.960 --> 08:59.080 +them rather than you know transforming + +08:59.080 --> 09:03.500 +ourselves from paper to digital. And then + +09:03.500 --> 09:06.580 +finally the kind of reworking that we want + +09:06.580 --> 09:10.680 +to do of this image is rather than taking + +09:10.680 --> 09:13.100 +the artifacts, the technologies that we're + +09:13.100 --> 09:15.760 +interested in as these objects floating in + +09:15.760 --> 09:18.640 +white space as they are so nicely here, we + +09:18.640 --> 09:21.620 +want to locate them in the environments + +09:21.620 --> 09:23.060 +where they're actually going to be used. + +09:23.060 --> 09:26.600 +And that means going out into work sites + +09:26.600 --> 09:28.560 +and seeing how it is that people are + +09:28.560 --> 09:31.780 +actually using the artifacts and the + +09:31.780 --> 09:33.960 +technologies that we're interested in in + +09:33.960 --> 09:35.560 +the course of their everyday activities. + +09:37.700 --> 09:40.660 +Okay, so with that kind of background, + +09:41.180 --> 09:43.900 +what I'm going to try to do in the time + +09:43.900 --> 09:46.400 +that remains is first a little bit of an + +09:46.400 --> 09:49.000 +introduction, again, to give you a sense + +09:49.000 --> 09:51.920 +of a couple of general aspects of the + +09:51.920 --> 09:53.660 +approach that we're taking. The first, + +09:53.800 --> 09:56.040 +what we're calling case-based prototyping, + +09:56.100 --> 09:58.400 +which I'll explain, and then this idea of + +09:58.400 --> 10:01.220 +working document collections. And then + +10:01.220 --> 10:04.020 +having sort of talked briefly about those + +10:04.020 --> 10:06.620 +two general ideas, move into the specific + +10:06.620 --> 10:08.300 +project that we're involved with at + +10:08.300 --> 10:10.800 +Caltrans, and in particular our work with + +10:10.800 --> 10:12.680 +their project files, and then the + +10:12.680 --> 10:16.520 +prototype that we've developed to address + +10:16.520 --> 10:21.400 +the problems that we've found. Okay, so + +10:21.400 --> 10:24.540 +first of all case-based prototypes. This + +10:24.540 --> 10:28.960 +is another kind of framing image for the + +10:28.960 --> 10:32.060 +work that we're doing, which is focused on + +10:32.060 --> 10:36.120 +this idea of the project of design being + +10:36.120 --> 10:38.940 +artful integration. that increasingly + +10:38.940 --> 10:43.260 +design is as much if not more about + +10:43.260 --> 10:47.460 +embedding artifacts and technologies new + +10:47.460 --> 10:50.860 +in new ways into existing environments as + +10:50.860 --> 10:53.980 +it is about inventing things completely de + +10:53.980 --> 10:56.720 +novo so and the things that we're trying + +10:56.720 --> 11:01.580 +to integrate are both to integrate the + +11:01.580 --> 11:03.860 +technology both with the activities that + +11:03.860 --> 11:05.220 +people are engaged in with their work + +11:05.220 --> 11:07.120 +practices and with the rest of their + +11:07.120 --> 11:09.560 +technology environment. And a sort of + +11:09.560 --> 11:12.940 +center for that for us is what we're + +11:12.940 --> 11:14.820 +calling case-based prototypes. Case-based + +11:14.820 --> 11:18.040 +because these are prototypes that actually + +11:18.040 --> 11:22.220 +incorporate real work, some understanding + +11:22.220 --> 11:24.460 +of real work practices and work materials + +11:24.460 --> 11:27.080 +into them in contrast to some of the + +11:27.080 --> 11:29.880 +demonstration prototypes that we have + +11:29.880 --> 11:32.160 +around that take some kind of a generic + +11:32.160 --> 11:35.180 +corpus of materials and try to show what + +11:35.180 --> 11:37.460 +it would be like to work with the system. + +11:37.700 --> 11:40.400 +And our experience is that when people are + +11:40.400 --> 11:42.360 +assessing a prototype that actually has + +11:42.360 --> 11:45.160 +their documents in it, their work + +11:45.160 --> 11:48.280 +materials, they have a base for doing that + +11:48.280 --> 11:50.980 +assessment that's much, much richer than + +11:50.980 --> 11:54.360 +if they're looking at the Encyclopedia + +11:54.360 --> 11:56.460 +Britannica or something that we all kind + +11:56.460 --> 11:58.260 +of recognize but none of us is actively + +11:58.260 --> 12:00.840 +engaged with. So it strengthens the + +12:00.840 --> 12:02.560 +grounds on which people can assess the + +12:02.560 --> 12:06.300 +prototype. And then the other piece of + +12:06.300 --> 12:07.900 +integration that we're trying to do in our + +12:07.900 --> 12:11.420 +prototypes is to bring together the work + +12:11.420 --> 12:13.580 +that people are doing with both emerging + +12:13.580 --> 12:15.760 +park technologies and existing Xerox + +12:15.760 --> 12:16.920 +technologies. So we're trying to + +12:16.920 --> 12:19.360 +configure, sort of craft together an + +12:19.360 --> 12:21.320 +interesting relationship between those + +12:21.320 --> 12:23.280 +things, and the prototype is the + +12:23.280 --> 12:25.900 +manifestation, the demonstration of that. + +12:25.900 --> 12:29.080 +And the particular focus for us has been + +12:29.080 --> 12:30.860 +this relationship between paper and + +12:30.860 --> 12:34.260 +digital media, both the kinds of + +12:34.260 --> 12:36.060 +translations that we have to enable + +12:36.060 --> 12:39.280 +between the two and also the kind of + +12:39.280 --> 12:41.260 +cohabitations that we want them to be able + +12:41.260 --> 12:43.240 +to do. What does it mean to live in a + +12:43.240 --> 12:46.360 +world where some of your documents are on + +12:46.360 --> 12:48.220 +paper, some are online, they're shifting + +12:48.220 --> 12:50.400 +back and forth across that border? How do + +12:50.400 --> 12:55.160 +you maintain the coherence across media in + +12:55.160 --> 12:59.260 +that kind of situation? And then given the + +12:59.260 --> 13:01.880 +general strategy of case-based + +13:01.880 --> 13:04.080 +prototyping, the focus that we've taken + +13:04.080 --> 13:07.360 +recently has been this idea of working + +13:07.360 --> 13:09.480 +document collections. And here's a sort of + +13:09.480 --> 13:13.660 +set of defining is probably too strong a + +13:13.660 --> 13:16.080 +term, but characterizing criteria for + +13:16.080 --> 13:18.780 +those. Basically, what we mean by working + +13:18.780 --> 13:21.040 +collections are the documents that are in + +13:21.040 --> 13:23.140 +between the documents that are on your + +13:23.140 --> 13:25.160 +desk at any given moment. Although for + +13:25.160 --> 13:26.720 +most of us, I think many of the documents + +13:26.720 --> 13:28.320 +on our desk should be in our working + +13:28.320 --> 13:30.760 +collection. But the idealized view is that + +13:30.760 --> 13:33.020 +you have this sort of three-part division. + +13:33.300 --> 13:34.760 +You've got your active documents on your + +13:34.760 --> 13:36.860 +desk. You've got documents that are often + +13:36.860 --> 13:39.860 +in archives somewhere, filed some distance + +13:39.860 --> 13:42.860 +from your office. And then you've got your + +13:42.860 --> 13:44.560 +working document collections, the + +13:44.560 --> 13:46.520 +canonical form of this is your file + +13:46.520 --> 13:51.040 +cabinets. And our premise is that many + +13:51.040 --> 13:53.700 +organizations have a tremendous investment + +13:54.100 --> 13:56.360 +in document collections that have this + +13:56.360 --> 13:59.300 +character, and that there's a large + +13:59.300 --> 14:03.080 +opportunity in finding ways to help people + +14:03.080 --> 14:05.500 +partly migrate those collections online, + +14:05.500 --> 14:08.440 +partly integrate those collections with + +14:08.440 --> 14:10.020 +their with their online document + +14:12.080 --> 14:14.140 +repositories the the documents that get + +14:14.140 --> 14:15.780 +into this these collections are + +14:15.780 --> 14:18.420 +selectively saved by people with the idea + +14:18.420 --> 14:20.560 +that they're going to be useful either as + +14:20.560 --> 14:23.020 +a reference or maybe actually to be reused + +14:23.020 --> 14:25.300 +in some way in the future and and very + +14:25.300 --> 14:28.420 +importantly you can it's very difficult to + +14:28.420 --> 14:30.060 +predict what the value of any given + +14:30.060 --> 14:31.620 +document is going to be in advance you + +14:31.620 --> 14:34.120 +couldn't go through most most file + +14:34.120 --> 14:35.680 +cabinets and definitely the collection + +14:35.680 --> 14:36.900 +that I'm going to be talking about at + +14:36.900 --> 14:39.220 +Caltrans and weight the documents + +14:39.220 --> 14:41.520 +according to their value because the value + +14:41.520 --> 14:43.660 +of the document is tied to its + +14:43.660 --> 14:45.300 +availability at the moment when it's + +14:45.300 --> 14:48.680 +needed. It becomes valuable in relation to + +14:48.680 --> 14:50.780 +some ongoing activity. So it's this + +14:50.780 --> 14:54.860 +contingent value that depends much more on + +14:54.860 --> 14:56.560 +the accessibility of the document in + +14:56.560 --> 14:58.500 +relation to the activity than on its + +14:58.500 --> 15:02.260 +intrinsic characteristics. The The + +15:02.260 --> 15:03.760 +documents in the collections that we're + +15:03.760 --> 15:05.800 +looking at are very diverse, both in + +15:05.800 --> 15:07.440 +quality, they include everything from + +15:07.440 --> 15:10.160 +documents that have been faxed three times + +15:10.160 --> 15:13.520 +and photocopied to very, very nice, + +15:13.580 --> 15:17.360 +cleanly printed ASCII documents, and also + +15:17.360 --> 15:19.960 +very variable in format, and I'll show you + +15:19.960 --> 15:22.040 +more of that. The thing that interests us + +15:22.040 --> 15:23.980 +about that is, again, a sense that when we + +15:23.980 --> 15:26.780 +look at the document repositories that are + +15:26.780 --> 15:29.900 +often used in research, they tend to be + +15:29.900 --> 15:32.780 +rather homogeneous. So people who are + +15:32.780 --> 15:35.920 +doing different aspects of document image + +15:35.920 --> 15:37.900 +and document recognition and document + +15:37.900 --> 15:40.040 +retrieval work are working with these sort + +15:40.040 --> 15:42.320 +of standard corpora. And when we look at + +15:42.320 --> 15:44.280 +these real world corpora, they have + +15:44.280 --> 15:46.800 +different characteristics that pose some + +15:46.800 --> 15:49.640 +interesting problems and challenges. + +15:50.820 --> 15:53.920 +Document research, document search through + +15:53.920 --> 15:55.960 +these collections relies very heavily on + +15:55.960 --> 15:57.460 +their visual characteristics. I mean this + +15:57.460 --> 15:59.520 +is just a simple observation that when you + +15:59.520 --> 16:02.900 +go to your paper file cabinet, you get a + +16:02.900 --> 16:04.740 +huge amount of information from being able + +16:04.740 --> 16:07.540 +to scan the visual organization of the + +16:07.540 --> 16:09.720 +folders, to open up a folder and scan + +16:09.720 --> 16:11.500 +through the documents that are in there. + +16:11.680 --> 16:14.380 +And so images, we have a very strong + +16:14.380 --> 16:15.900 +emphasis as you'll see on preserving + +16:15.900 --> 16:20.160 +document images. Shared access to the + +16:20.160 --> 16:22.300 +collection is facilitated by its creator. + +16:22.300 --> 16:24.180 +These are collections that generally, you + +16:24.180 --> 16:25.680 +know, they're owned by somebody and that + +16:25.680 --> 16:29.200 +person acts, to the extent that the + +16:29.200 --> 16:30.980 +collections are shared, that person acts + +16:30.980 --> 16:33.200 +effectively as a kind of librarian for the + +16:33.200 --> 16:34.400 +collection. And there are really + +16:34.400 --> 16:36.480 +interesting issues then if you're moving + +16:36.480 --> 16:38.980 +those collections online, giving people + +16:38.980 --> 16:41.580 +distributed access, what happens to the + +16:41.580 --> 16:44.820 +role of the owner or the collector of the + +16:44.820 --> 16:48.820 +corpus. And then finally, it's important + +16:48.820 --> 16:50.700 +that you can get to these things easily, + +16:50.700 --> 16:53.260 +because often these are documents that, as + +16:53.260 --> 16:54.780 +I said, you need them in the midst of an + +16:54.780 --> 16:56.960 +ongoing activity, and if you can't get a + +16:56.960 --> 16:58.020 +hold of them, you're going to work around + +16:58.020 --> 16:59.820 +it in some way. You're not going to send + +16:59.820 --> 17:01.760 +off and wait a couple of days to get them + +17:01.760 --> 17:04.000 +back. Yeah? Just for a point of + +17:04.000 --> 17:07.080 +clarification, so if we're talking about a + +17:07.080 --> 17:08.980 +facility design, during the actual design + +17:08.980 --> 17:10.880 +process, the documents will be active, + +17:11.360 --> 17:14.340 +whereas once the facility was complete and + +17:14.340 --> 17:16.820 +it goes to management phase, it would be a + +17:16.820 --> 17:18.800 +working collection? No, no. No, I mean, + +17:18.820 --> 17:20.260 +I'm glad you asked that question because + +17:20.260 --> 17:24.460 +it's very much not tied to across a + +17:24.460 --> 17:27.780 +project. Documents move from active to + +17:27.780 --> 17:31.220 +working status in a very dynamic way. I'm + +17:31.220 --> 17:33.500 +thinking more of when a document is on + +17:33.500 --> 17:35.260 +your desk and you're working with it, it's + +17:35.260 --> 17:36.640 +active, and when you stick it in your + +17:36.640 --> 17:37.920 +filing cabinet, it's in your working + +17:37.920 --> 17:39.560 +collection. And in the case that we're + +17:39.560 --> 17:41.400 +looking at, as you'll see, things are + +17:41.400 --> 17:43.280 +coming in and out of the collection all + +17:43.280 --> 17:48.140 +the time. So it's more dynamic than that. + +17:48.500 --> 17:52.400 +Okay, alright so where are we? We're + +17:52.400 --> 17:56.100 +actually spending most of our time in + +17:56.100 --> 17:59.500 +Oakland at Caltrans District 4 + +17:59.500 --> 18:01.100 +headquarters, which is the district that's + +18:01.100 --> 18:03.640 +responsible for the entire Bay area, + +18:03.920 --> 18:05.540 +basically all the roads and the toll + +18:05.540 --> 18:08.880 +bridges in the Bay area. And within the + +18:08.880 --> 18:13.140 +District 4 headquarters, we're working + +18:13.140 --> 18:16.680 +with a particular project team. And if + +18:16.680 --> 18:18.400 +people are interested, I mean there are a + +18:18.400 --> 18:20.660 +lot of practical things to be said about + +18:20.660 --> 18:23.020 +how we got into Caltrans, how once we got + +18:23.020 --> 18:25.080 +to Caltrans we sort of found our way to + +18:25.080 --> 18:27.360 +this particular project. Having to do + +18:27.360 --> 18:29.580 +with, again, the practicalities of sort of + +18:29.580 --> 18:32.020 +crafting a manageable and relevant + +18:32.020 --> 18:35.000 +project. But we are working with the team + +18:35.000 --> 18:37.320 +of engineers who are involved in doing a + +18:37.320 --> 18:38.920 +replacement bridge over the Carcuna + +18:38.920 --> 18:42.280 +Straits, which are in the north part of + +18:42.280 --> 18:45.020 +the San Francisco Bay. and these are, some + +18:45.020 --> 18:46.580 +of you have probably driven across these + +18:46.580 --> 18:49.880 +two bridges, they're a pair of old trestle + +18:49.880 --> 18:54.080 +bridges. This one on your right was built + +18:54.080 --> 18:56.800 +in 1927 and the other one was built in + +18:56.800 --> 19:00.580 +1958. And what's happened is while there's + +19:00.580 --> 19:03.000 +not any new bridge building going on in + +19:03.000 --> 19:06.880 +the Bay Area, there are funds for seismic + +19:06.880 --> 19:10.160 +retrofitting. And Caltrans has made the + +19:10.160 --> 19:12.840 +argument that they're going to retrofit + +19:12.840 --> 19:15.660 +the 58 bridge, but the 27 bridge is + +19:15.660 --> 19:18.340 +sufficiently old and out of date that it + +19:18.340 --> 19:20.580 +doesn't make sense to retrofit it. So they + +19:20.580 --> 19:22.900 +have proposed replacement as a retrofit + +19:22.900 --> 19:24.960 +strategy, which is a phrase I like very + +19:24.960 --> 19:26.940 +much. And that means that they can take + +19:26.940 --> 19:29.580 +funds that have been allocated for seismic + +19:29.580 --> 19:31.280 +retrofitting and use them to build a new + +19:31.280 --> 19:33.460 +bridge, which is what engineers most like + +19:33.460 --> 19:37.020 +to do. So they are actually going to take + +19:37.020 --> 19:39.520 +down the old 27 bridge and put up a new + +19:39.520 --> 19:41.620 +one. And that's the project that we've + +19:41.620 --> 19:42.960 +been following for the last couple of + +19:42.960 --> 19:46.140 +years through, up until now it's largely + +19:46.140 --> 19:48.680 +been what they call the design phase, the + +19:48.680 --> 19:50.880 +environmental phase, where they're going + +19:50.880 --> 19:52.120 +out and doing all of the environmental + +19:52.120 --> 19:54.460 +impact assessments and basically getting + +19:54.460 --> 19:56.080 +permission to go ahead with the project. + +19:56.160 --> 19:57.940 +And they're just now moving into the + +19:57.940 --> 20:02.500 +design phase. Now within, as fascinating + +20:02.500 --> 20:05.200 +as the bridge is, and we've spent a lot of + +20:05.200 --> 20:07.020 +time doing things like following them to + +20:07.020 --> 20:09.940 +town meetings in Crockett where they have + +20:09.940 --> 20:11.620 +talked to the local citizens about the + +20:11.620 --> 20:14.260 +project. For us as anthropologists this is + +20:14.260 --> 20:16.160 +an opportunity to do some very wonderful + +20:16.160 --> 20:19.220 +ethnography of how a bridge gets built and + +20:19.220 --> 20:22.520 +relations between engineers and citizens + +20:22.520 --> 20:25.240 +and that sort of thing. But for us in our + +20:25.240 --> 20:28.320 +capacity as park researchers doing a + +20:28.320 --> 20:31.700 +prototyping project, the focus has been on + +20:31.700 --> 20:34.080 +what are called the project files. And + +20:34.080 --> 20:36.820 +project files are collections that are + +20:36.820 --> 20:39.280 +maintained by every engineering team at + +20:39.280 --> 20:41.920 +Caltrans. It's an obligatory collection + +20:41.920 --> 20:45.340 +that you have to create that is basically + +20:45.340 --> 20:47.520 +a cumulative collection of relevant + +20:47.520 --> 20:50.160 +documents that are created and acquired + +20:50.160 --> 20:53.060 +over the course of a project. And as you + +20:53.060 --> 20:55.800 +can see they are currently kept on paper + +20:55.800 --> 21:00.900 +in three ring binders. And I'll tell you + +21:00.900 --> 21:02.860 +more about them but just to say that one + +21:02.860 --> 21:04.580 +of the things that, you know, when we were + +21:04.580 --> 21:07.300 +again sort of in terms of how a project + +21:07.300 --> 21:09.940 +like ours gets designed, when we were + +21:09.940 --> 21:11.900 +starting to talk with the project team + +21:11.900 --> 21:13.740 +about what they were up to and how we + +21:13.740 --> 21:15.700 +might do some interesting kind of + +21:15.700 --> 21:17.880 +collaboration together, together, we + +21:17.880 --> 21:19.600 +realized that the project files were + +21:19.600 --> 21:23.240 +another instance of what we're calling + +21:23.240 --> 21:24.800 +working document collection and that we + +21:24.800 --> 21:27.300 +had worked with it with an interestingly + +21:27.300 --> 21:30.120 +similar and different collection in our + +21:30.120 --> 21:32.300 +previous project, which was in a law firm, + +21:32.500 --> 21:35.720 +where we worked with a particular attorney + +21:35.720 --> 21:39.120 +taking, again, a paper collection of his + +21:39.120 --> 21:42.340 +documents and moving them online, + +21:42.640 --> 21:44.340 +exploring what it would mean to move them + +21:44.340 --> 21:48.920 +online. So it was for us a way of building + +21:48.920 --> 21:52.020 +on our previous projects, of bringing + +21:52.020 --> 21:54.840 +together the specifics of this particular + +21:54.840 --> 21:59.220 +work site and its practices with a more + +21:59.220 --> 22:02.140 +sort of cumulative general understanding + +22:02.140 --> 22:05.000 +of how these kinds of collections work. + +22:05.000 --> 22:09.340 +work. And the other thing that struck us + +22:09.340 --> 22:12.480 +was, again, as in the law firm collection, + +22:12.840 --> 22:15.280 +the tremendous heterogeneity of the + +22:15.280 --> 22:17.480 +documents that are in the project files. + +22:17.720 --> 22:20.500 +They include a lot of general business + +22:20.500 --> 22:23.960 +documents, letters and memos and reports + +22:23.960 --> 22:27.340 +and spreadsheets and tables and that sort + +22:27.340 --> 22:30.520 +of thing. And then also things like + +22:30.520 --> 22:32.740 +newspaper clippings. So they clip you + +22:32.740 --> 22:34.640 +know, articles that come out about + +22:34.640 --> 22:36.440 +Caltrans that are relevant to the project. + +22:37.120 --> 22:39.320 +And then a lot of interesting more + +22:39.320 --> 22:42.900 +engineering specific documents, maps, and + +22:42.900 --> 22:46.160 +plans of various kinds, all ingeniously + +22:46.160 --> 22:49.300 +folded to fit in an 8.5 by 11 inch binder. + +22:49.560 --> 22:52.240 +So we've got documents of, you know, a lot + +22:52.240 --> 22:54.940 +of different kinds of genre and format, + +22:55.240 --> 22:58.080 +and a lot of different sizes and that sort + +22:58.080 --> 22:59.300 +of thing. So the question is, you know, + +22:59.300 --> 23:00.940 +how are you actually going to deal with + +23:00.940 --> 23:03.560 +this when you're thinking of moving this + +23:03.560 --> 23:07.560 +collection from one medium to another? The + +23:07.560 --> 23:10.120 +other thing that fascinated us was that in + +23:10.120 --> 23:12.120 +spite of the tremendous heterogeneity of + +23:12.120 --> 23:15.180 +these documents, they were all to be filed + +23:15.180 --> 23:17.460 +according to the Caltrans Uniform Filing + +23:17.460 --> 23:22.040 +System, which as a piece of classification + +23:22.040 --> 23:24.640 +is a really, really interesting artifact + +23:24.640 --> 23:27.320 +in its own right. The Caltrans Uniform + +23:27.320 --> 23:31.060 +Filing System is a basically + +23:31.060 --> 23:33.840 +hierarchically nested set of categories + +23:33.840 --> 23:36.740 +that are in principle to be used + +23:36.740 --> 23:39.420 +throughout Caltrans. It's really + +23:39.420 --> 23:41.520 +interesting when you start to look at the + +23:41.520 --> 23:43.460 +Uniform Filing System how incredibly + +23:43.460 --> 23:48.000 +dynamic it becomes. It changes both, it's + +23:48.000 --> 23:49.980 +changed from the sort of central + +23:49.980 --> 23:53.860 +headquarters and then it's changed, it's, + +23:53.860 --> 23:56.920 +you know, with permission customized + +23:56.920 --> 24:01.800 +locally. And so I'll talk more about that + +24:01.800 --> 24:03.300 +when I tell you about the prototype, but + +24:03.300 --> 24:06.120 +the uniform filing system turns out to be + +24:06.120 --> 24:08.800 +in fact a constantly sort of shifting and + +24:08.800 --> 24:12.940 +transformed set of categorization scheme. + +24:13.980 --> 24:15.840 +Another interesting thing about it from + +24:15.840 --> 24:17.240 +the point of view of classification is + +24:17.240 --> 24:18.180 +that it's got all these different + +24:18.180 --> 24:21.160 +interests in it. Partly it's organized by + +24:21.160 --> 24:23.100 +the kind of phases of a project, so it's + +24:23.100 --> 24:26.720 +orienting to producing a kind of archival + +24:26.720 --> 24:28.920 +historical record at the end of the + +24:28.920 --> 24:31.660 +project. It's also oriented to the types + +24:31.660 --> 24:33.620 +of documents, so whether it's + +24:33.620 --> 24:35.640 +correspondence or reports of various + +24:35.640 --> 24:39.260 +kinds, it's oriented to topical issues. + +24:39.260 --> 24:42.280 +and all of these different cross-cutting + +24:42.280 --> 24:45.780 +interests are sort of homogenized and + +24:45.780 --> 24:47.880 +flattened in in this apparently + +24:47.880 --> 24:51.720 +straightforward hierarchical system but of + +24:51.720 --> 24:53.200 +course when you actually go to file + +24:53.200 --> 24:55.940 +documents you run into into that and I'll + +24:55.940 --> 25:01.420 +show you more about that there are there + +25:01.420 --> 25:04.460 +is a perceived problem around around + +25:04.460 --> 25:06.800 +getting documents into the project files. + +25:06.980 --> 25:10.720 +It is a perpetual trouble for people. For + +25:10.720 --> 25:13.220 +all sorts of reasons, certainly in part, I + +25:13.220 --> 25:15.160 +think part of the reason that we're all so + +25:15.160 --> 25:18.880 +behind in our filing is that it's not a + +25:18.880 --> 25:20.780 +straightforward task. For any given + +25:20.780 --> 25:23.220 +document, there are so many possible ways + +25:23.220 --> 25:26.500 +of filing it. And so it's a hard problem, + +25:26.560 --> 25:28.580 +and as a consequence, things pile up. And + +25:28.580 --> 25:31.300 +this is the two-file cardboard box sitting + +25:31.300 --> 25:35.880 +on the desk of the senior engineer. So we + +25:35.880 --> 25:38.420 +became interested in understanding more + +25:38.420 --> 25:41.180 +about what actually is hard about filing + +25:41.180 --> 25:43.600 +documents. Here's another activity which + +25:43.600 --> 25:46.680 +is typically seen as a completely mindless + +25:46.680 --> 25:49.880 +activity, but which somehow when any of us + +25:49.880 --> 25:52.660 +actually goes to try to do it, opens out + +25:52.660 --> 25:55.100 +into something more problematic and what's + +25:55.100 --> 25:57.120 +going on there. So what we did was we + +25:57.120 --> 25:59.540 +spent some time with the senior, The other + +25:59.540 --> 26:01.880 +thing I should say is that at Caltrans, as + +26:01.880 --> 26:04.100 +with many organizations, budgets have been + +26:04.100 --> 26:06.020 +cut. There's very little administrative + +26:06.020 --> 26:08.800 +support. The engineers themselves are + +26:08.800 --> 26:10.800 +responsible for doing the filing of their + +26:10.800 --> 26:14.380 +documents. So we spent some time with the + +26:14.380 --> 26:18.140 +senior project engineer, sitting with him + +26:18.140 --> 26:20.580 +while he worked on trying to file some of + +26:20.580 --> 26:22.180 +these documents that were on his desk that + +26:22.180 --> 26:23.860 +he wanted to get into the project files. + +26:23.860 --> 26:27.160 +And this is my colleague Randy watching + +26:27.160 --> 26:30.000 +sympathetically as Dave sort of talks his + +26:30.000 --> 26:32.440 +way through some filing. And at this point + +26:32.440 --> 26:34.820 +I want to show you a videotape if we're + +26:34.820 --> 26:37.520 +queued up. I'm going to show you a few + +26:37.520 --> 26:44.600 +little bits of recorded Dave filing. And + +26:44.600 --> 26:49.100 +in the first one, let me just orient you a + +26:49.100 --> 26:50.260 +little bit to what you're going to see. + +26:51.460 --> 26:53.440 +Well, I'll show it to you and then just + +26:53.440 --> 26:55.380 +point out what I think are some of the + +26:55.380 --> 26:57.240 +interesting issues. And here's a + +26:57.240 --> 26:59.080 +transcript in case you have any trouble + +26:59.080 --> 27:02.700 +hearing. Can I show the overhead and the + +27:02.700 --> 27:05.800 +tape at the same time or should we? I feel + +27:05.800 --> 27:08.240 +I'm talking to some unknown assistant + +27:08.240 --> 27:12.300 +here. Over there, right? I can't. Okay. So + +27:12.300 --> 27:13.580 +we'll just look at the tape and then I'll + +27:13.580 --> 27:14.460 +put the transcript up. + +27:22.480 --> 27:24.460 +store these things you know like for + +27:24.460 --> 27:28.480 +instance this one right here it's our + +27:28.480 --> 27:33.160 +letter to the FHWA regarding consultation + +27:33.160 --> 27:35.660 +for the Endangered Species Act so there's + +27:35.660 --> 27:37.620 +a permit involved environmental is + +27:37.620 --> 27:40.940 +involved the federal FHWA is involved + +27:40.940 --> 27:42.740 +external agencies so there's all these + +27:42.740 --> 27:45.040 +categories that can conceivably go under + +27:45.040 --> 27:47.980 +and I have to pick one. Then I have to go + +27:47.980 --> 27:49.880 +back and maybe search for because maybe I + +27:49.880 --> 27:52.700 +wasn't thinking the same on the next time + +27:52.700 --> 27:54.260 +when I'm looking back. So that's why it'd + +27:54.260 --> 27:56.800 +be really cool if you know if you can + +27:56.800 --> 27:58.420 +enter these things one like you had you + +27:58.420 --> 28:01.000 +said you could you could have a date or a + +28:01.000 --> 28:03.420 +title or Subject or keyword or whatever. + +28:03.480 --> 28:04.600 +That's why I think it'd be really handy + +28:04.600 --> 28:06.240 +because I'm sitting here and I'm going + +28:06.240 --> 28:06.540 +well + +28:09.260 --> 28:10.980 +Correspondence to federal agencies. Yeah, + +28:10.980 --> 28:13.200 +that's the one I think it is But it could + +28:13.200 --> 28:14.820 +easily be thrown underneath permit. And + +28:14.820 --> 28:17.520 +certainly my assessment may be different + +28:17.520 --> 28:19.960 +than the guy in the next aisle over. Not + +28:19.960 --> 28:21.400 +when he's trying to fire a lady, when + +28:21.400 --> 28:22.360 +they're trying to find him. + +28:25.620 --> 28:27.820 +Okay, so. I don't see what I thought I was + +28:27.820 --> 28:30.660 +looking. I'm going to show you one more. + +28:31.140 --> 28:33.520 +Okay, so, you know, this is all really + +28:33.520 --> 28:36.320 +familiar and mundane stuff. But, you know, + +28:36.360 --> 28:37.700 +it's stuff that we all know, but we've + +28:37.700 --> 28:39.860 +never figured out exactly what to do about + +28:39.860 --> 28:41.560 +it. You know, we've got the problem. + +28:41.560 --> 28:42.980 +you've got multiple alternative + +28:42.980 --> 28:45.880 +categories, any one of which could make + +28:45.880 --> 28:48.240 +sense depending on how you reason about + +28:48.240 --> 28:50.980 +it. Then you've got the problem of how do + +28:50.980 --> 28:52.940 +you align the way you're going to reason + +28:52.940 --> 28:54.560 +about the document when you're filing it + +28:54.560 --> 28:55.680 +and the way you're going to be reasoning + +28:55.680 --> 28:57.680 +about it when you go to look for it. And + +28:57.680 --> 29:00.580 +Dave's uneasy feeling that if he comes up + +29:00.580 --> 29:02.580 +with one sort of logic right now for how + +29:02.580 --> 29:06.120 +to file it, he's trying to anticipate when + +29:06.120 --> 29:08.180 +he goes to look for this thing, how is he + +29:08.180 --> 29:10.360 +likely to be thinking about it. And then + +29:10.360 --> 29:12.840 +finally he worries at the end about the + +29:12.840 --> 29:15.360 +obvious problem of whether the way he + +29:15.360 --> 29:17.360 +thinks about it is going to be the same as + +29:17.360 --> 29:19.640 +the way, you know, the guy or lady, as he + +29:19.640 --> 29:22.100 +says in the next cubicle, overthinks about + +29:22.100 --> 29:24.040 +it. So these are all, you know, familiar + +29:24.040 --> 29:28.080 +kinds of problems around cataloging and + +29:28.080 --> 29:30.460 +filing of documents. Let me show you one + +29:30.460 --> 29:35.180 +more little clip now from the same session + +29:35.180 --> 29:35.660 +with Dave. + +29:39.980 --> 29:43.400 +I guess I would stick it under floodplain + +29:43.400 --> 29:44.320 +evaluations. + +29:46.620 --> 29:49.280 +Where was the other spot? Drainage is + +29:49.280 --> 29:52.320 +usually done during the design phase, and + +29:52.320 --> 29:54.840 +we're not there yet. So that's why I + +29:54.840 --> 29:58.860 +always pick... This is 4D2, 5D2. But see, + +29:58.900 --> 30:01.340 +231 is draft environmental document, which + +30:01.340 --> 30:06.960 +is pretty vague. So I'll never find it. I + +30:06.960 --> 30:08.660 +would probably be more inclined to stick + +30:08.660 --> 30:10.100 +it under drainage even though that's not + +30:10.100 --> 30:13.820 +where it belongs. I don't know what else. + +30:14.220 --> 30:17.460 +That's what I'm going to do. I'm probably + +30:17.460 --> 30:19.000 +not doing it right, but that's what I + +30:19.000 --> 30:21.480 +would do. This is why your system would be + +30:21.480 --> 30:26.500 +nice. So again, another sort of related + +30:26.500 --> 30:29.420 +set of problems here. In the beginning + +30:29.420 --> 30:30.880 +here, he's looking through the uniform + +30:30.880 --> 30:32.520 +filing system itself. itself is like an + +30:32.520 --> 30:34.060 +eight-page document. He's sitting there + +30:34.060 --> 30:35.460 +searching through the uniform filing + +30:35.460 --> 30:37.200 +system for the category that he's looking + +30:37.200 --> 30:39.720 +for that he thinks he wants to assign this + +30:39.720 --> 30:42.820 +document to. Again, he's worrying here + +30:42.820 --> 30:44.860 +about this misalignment between the kind + +30:44.860 --> 30:47.460 +of normative chronological order of the + +30:47.460 --> 30:50.000 +classification scheme and the topical + +30:50.000 --> 30:52.440 +content of the document that he's got, + +30:52.520 --> 30:55.320 +which is about drainage, which has come up + +30:55.320 --> 30:57.940 +in terms of an evaluation of a floodplain + +30:57.940 --> 30:59.880 +in the environmental stage, but the + +30:59.880 --> 31:02.180 +drainage category is farther down in the + +31:02.180 --> 31:05.880 +design. So how does he adjudicate that? + +31:06.180 --> 31:09.140 +And again, he's thinking here about how am + +31:09.140 --> 31:10.800 +I going to file it such that when I go to + +31:10.800 --> 31:12.340 +look for it, there's some hope that I'll + +31:12.340 --> 31:14.380 +actually find it. Now let me show you a + +31:14.380 --> 31:18.880 +couple of clips around search. The clip + +31:18.880 --> 31:21.840 +I'm going to show you was a serendipitous + +31:21.840 --> 31:26.100 +recording that we were actually up there + +31:26.100 --> 31:29.940 +installing a board on Dave's PC that would + +31:29.940 --> 31:31.980 +allow it to talk to our scanner as we were + +31:31.980 --> 31:33.800 +putting together a prototype. And because + +31:33.800 --> 31:36.340 +we're interested in all of the grungy + +31:36.340 --> 31:38.660 +practical details around actually + +31:38.660 --> 31:40.160 +implementing a prototype, we were + +31:40.160 --> 31:42.460 +recording this, right? So we're there in + +31:42.460 --> 31:45.540 +Dave's office and when the clip first + +31:45.540 --> 31:46.920 +starts, you're going to see my colleague + +31:46.920 --> 31:49.460 +Randy and one of their IS people under + +31:49.460 --> 31:53.000 +Dave's desk messing with his PC. And so + +31:53.000 --> 31:54.720 +we're there recording and Dave comes in + +31:54.720 --> 31:56.700 +and he picks up the two file box off his + +31:56.700 --> 31:58.140 +desk and sits down and starts going + +31:58.140 --> 32:01.640 +through it. So I eventually pan back to + +32:01.640 --> 32:03.560 +actually see what it is that he's up to. + +32:03.700 --> 32:05.520 +And you're going to see three little + +32:05.520 --> 32:08.060 +segments with breaks between them. In the + +32:08.060 --> 32:11.200 +first, you'll hear a query from my + +32:11.200 --> 32:13.340 +colleague, Jeanette, to Dave about what + +32:13.340 --> 32:15.260 +he's searching for. And he explains that + +32:15.260 --> 32:17.380 +he's looking for the documentation of an + +32:17.380 --> 32:20.640 +agreement between a local agency and a + +32:20.640 --> 32:23.780 +local city and Caltrans around an aspect + +32:23.780 --> 32:26.280 +of their process. And then in the second, + +32:26.400 --> 32:29.040 +you'll see him find a document and sort of + +32:29.040 --> 32:31.300 +inspect it and decide, apparently, that + +32:31.300 --> 32:33.020 +it's what he wants and set it aside. And + +32:33.020 --> 32:35.100 +then in the final one, we have a little + +32:35.100 --> 32:38.720 +exchange where he explains to us the + +32:38.720 --> 32:40.900 +uncertainties about what he's been looking + +32:40.900 --> 32:44.560 +for. And there's this whole search. I + +32:44.560 --> 32:46.060 +mean, he went through, you'll see when he + +32:46.060 --> 32:47.880 +finds the document, he's about two-thirds + +32:47.880 --> 32:49.740 +of the way through the box. So the whole + +32:49.740 --> 32:51.560 +thing probably went on for 15 minutes, I + +32:51.560 --> 32:53.320 +would say. So here are these three little + +32:53.320 --> 32:53.720 +clips. + +33:02.000 --> 33:06.100 +Some old resolutions that East Virginia + +33:06.100 --> 33:07.500 +Regional Park and the city passed in + +33:07.500 --> 33:11.020 +support of our mitigation project. Yeah, + +33:13.100 --> 33:16.240 +sure do. Exactly. Exactly. + +33:58.000 --> 33:59.500 +I don't know if the oven exists. + +34:05.120 --> 34:07.840 +Yeah, most of the time. I don't think I + +34:07.840 --> 34:09.100 +actually got one of these things from the + +34:09.100 --> 34:09.280 +city. + +34:18.440 --> 34:21.300 +So, at the beginning, as I said, he + +34:21.300 --> 34:24.420 +explains to us that he's looking for some + +34:24.420 --> 34:26.400 +old resolutions, as he says, from the East + +34:26.400 --> 34:29.580 +Bay Regional Parks and the City. So + +34:29.580 --> 34:31.240 +potentially, at the beginning, he's + +34:31.240 --> 34:33.760 +looking for two documents, one from each + +34:33.760 --> 34:36.720 +of these agencies. And then when he talks + +34:36.720 --> 34:40.900 +to us about what he found, he explains, he + +34:40.900 --> 34:43.300 +says he's still going through, you saw him + +34:43.300 --> 34:45.560 +in the middle clip sort of pull out one + +34:45.560 --> 34:46.920 +document, set it to the side, and then + +34:46.920 --> 34:50.460 +keep going. And then he announces happily + +34:50.460 --> 34:52.440 +to us that he actually found something and + +34:52.440 --> 34:54.540 +explains that now he's starting to wonder + +34:54.540 --> 34:56.780 +whether there is actually ever was a + +34:56.780 --> 34:59.680 +second document. So the question here is + +34:59.680 --> 35:01.720 +what do you know ahead of time about what + +35:01.720 --> 35:03.140 +you're looking for when you're doing this + +35:03.140 --> 35:04.660 +kind of search? And here's a case where + +35:04.660 --> 35:06.920 +Dave goes through the whole box on the + +35:06.920 --> 35:11.120 +possibility that a document that may or + +35:11.120 --> 35:13.120 +may not exist was put in there by one of + +35:13.120 --> 35:14.540 +his colleagues. And that's the kind of + +35:14.540 --> 35:18.280 +working with the material medium that's + +35:18.280 --> 35:23.040 +involved in the sort of problematic state + +35:23.040 --> 35:26.420 +of the project files at the moment. So + +35:26.420 --> 35:29.940 +what we have been doing together with Dave + +35:29.940 --> 35:33.160 +and the rest of the engineering team is an + +35:33.160 --> 35:35.860 +exploration in what would it mean to put + +35:35.860 --> 35:38.380 +their collection online. And the prototype + +35:38.380 --> 35:41.240 +that we've built, we hear being used very + +35:41.240 --> 35:43.020 +loosely to refer to my colleague Randy + +35:43.020 --> 35:46.660 +Trigg, is called, it's built on top of a + +35:46.660 --> 35:48.560 +platform called the integrator because the + +35:48.560 --> 35:51.600 +idea of the integrator has been to try to + +35:51.600 --> 35:53.340 +build a platform on which we can pull + +35:53.340 --> 35:56.680 +together as much stuff as possible into a + +35:56.680 --> 36:01.200 +useful configuration. We have our sort of + +36:01.200 --> 36:04.840 +basic approach in putting this prototype + +36:04.840 --> 36:07.420 +together is we want to require minimal + +36:07.420 --> 36:09.580 +overhead for filing. You should be able to + +36:09.580 --> 36:11.920 +get documents into this collection with as + +36:11.920 --> 36:14.960 +little effort as possible. And you'll see + +36:14.960 --> 36:18.240 +concretely what that means. And then we + +36:18.240 --> 36:20.320 +want to provide, once you've gotten your + +36:20.320 --> 36:22.620 +document in there, and particularly if + +36:22.620 --> 36:24.040 +you've put your document in with very, + +36:24.100 --> 36:27.020 +very minimal coding of any kind, we want + +36:27.020 --> 36:29.640 +to give you multiple opportunities to add + +36:29.640 --> 36:34.220 +more metadata to the document. So we want + +36:34.220 --> 36:36.300 +you to be able to take a document that's + +36:36.300 --> 36:37.880 +in the, when you come across a document + +36:37.880 --> 36:39.900 +that's in the collection, be able to add + +36:39.900 --> 36:42.680 +more metadata to it if you're inspired to + +36:42.680 --> 36:45.760 +do that. And very importantly, as you'll + +36:45.760 --> 36:49.140 +see, the collection of metadata that's + +36:49.140 --> 36:51.900 +applicable has got to be modifiable. + +36:52.400 --> 36:54.100 +You've got to be able to both go in and + +36:54.100 --> 36:55.840 +change the coding of a particular document + +36:55.840 --> 36:58.520 +and then work with the overall set of + +36:58.520 --> 37:00.480 +metadata. data. And then when it goes to + +37:00.480 --> 37:02.700 +look to come sign to look for documents we + +37:02.700 --> 37:04.740 +want there to be multiple ways that you + +37:04.740 --> 37:07.520 +can go about looking for them. Trying to + +37:07.520 --> 37:10.540 +perpetuate some of the advantages of the + +37:10.540 --> 37:13.560 +paper world where where you can use a + +37:13.560 --> 37:17.100 +pretty wide repertoire of strategies for + +37:17.100 --> 37:21.500 +looking. The basic scenario has been that + +37:21.500 --> 37:22.780 +you know first of all you get your + +37:22.780 --> 37:27.000 +document scanned into into a file and and + +37:27.000 --> 37:29.120 +then into a repository. And then, of + +37:29.120 --> 37:31.140 +course, the rationale is that once you've + +37:31.140 --> 37:34.460 +got your documents online, you can do + +37:34.460 --> 37:37.940 +things like do multiple categorization of + +37:37.940 --> 37:39.440 +a given document. You don't have to worry + +37:39.440 --> 37:41.140 +about resolving those problems that Dave + +37:41.140 --> 37:43.620 +was struggling with. You can look at the + +37:43.620 --> 37:45.700 +whole collection in different ways, which + +37:45.700 --> 37:47.280 +is something that's impossible for them to + +37:47.280 --> 37:49.120 +do at this point. So you can look at the + +37:49.120 --> 37:51.520 +whole collection ordered by the document + +37:51.520 --> 37:54.980 +dates or the topics. And I'll show you + +37:54.980 --> 37:58.760 +more about that. you can still view and + +37:58.760 --> 38:00.860 +browse over the page images. That's a + +38:00.860 --> 38:02.980 +place where we want to preserve what + +38:02.980 --> 38:05.160 +you've got now and maybe even enhance it + +38:05.160 --> 38:08.800 +in some ways. Obviously now you can do a + +38:08.800 --> 38:12.200 +full text search over the optically + +38:12.200 --> 38:16.060 +character recognized text and we want you + +38:16.060 --> 38:18.300 +to be able to do combined searches so you + +38:18.300 --> 38:20.340 +throw in you know something that you know + +38:20.340 --> 38:22.180 +about a property that might have been + +38:22.180 --> 38:24.300 +assigned to this document with a text + +38:24.300 --> 38:27.020 +stream string and also being able to + +38:27.020 --> 38:29.700 +search use the images as a resource and + +38:29.700 --> 38:32.620 +then obviously once you're online there's + +38:32.620 --> 38:34.360 +the possibility of having distributed + +38:34.360 --> 38:36.700 +access to the collection so to sit at your + +38:36.700 --> 38:38.660 +desk and and over the world wide web + +38:38.660 --> 38:40.320 +actually look at it and get a hold of + +38:40.320 --> 38:42.640 +things and then you still have to be able + +38:42.640 --> 38:44.560 +to print your documents that's essential + +38:44.560 --> 38:49.300 +you know the idea there's simple idea we + +38:49.300 --> 38:51.560 +have is okay once Once you got documents + +38:51.560 --> 38:56.460 +online, then you could have access to the + +38:56.460 --> 38:58.300 +project files from multiple locations, + +38:58.460 --> 39:00.100 +from multiple locations both within + +39:00.100 --> 39:03.200 +Caltrans headquarters and also now they've + +39:03.200 --> 39:04.860 +got their field office set up out by the + +39:04.860 --> 39:06.520 +bridge. So one of the things we're + +39:06.520 --> 39:08.460 +interested in seeing is how do documents + +39:08.460 --> 39:11.700 +travel across these sites. The way they + +39:11.700 --> 39:13.920 +travel now primarily is that Dave gets a + +39:13.920 --> 39:17.180 +phone call, he or somebody who who works + +39:17.180 --> 39:18.640 +for him finds the document, they stick it + +39:18.640 --> 39:20.620 +into a relevant form of mail and it gets + +39:20.620 --> 39:23.880 +sent off or it gets faxed. So this would + +39:23.880 --> 39:25.560 +obviously open up some new possibilities + +39:25.560 --> 39:28.900 +there. And distributed access would work + +39:28.900 --> 39:31.920 +both to give multiple people access to the + +39:31.920 --> 39:34.000 +same collection as which is the situation + +39:34.000 --> 39:36.820 +I was just describing and also a single + +39:36.820 --> 39:38.560 +person, one of the managers that we've + +39:38.560 --> 39:40.500 +been talking to, she has I think a hundred + +39:40.500 --> 39:42.440 +projects that she's in principle + +39:42.440 --> 39:45.040 +responsible for. So she has an interest in + +39:45.040 --> 39:47.120 +being able to get views onto multiple + +39:47.120 --> 39:50.680 +project files. And there are really + +39:50.680 --> 39:53.140 +interesting, obviously, protection and + +39:53.140 --> 39:56.000 +access issues that come up there that I'll + +39:56.000 --> 39:57.760 +come back to. So what we've done is we've + +39:57.760 --> 40:00.800 +set up, this is the prototype. It's made + +40:00.800 --> 40:04.680 +up of plastic hardware software and paper. + +40:05.780 --> 40:09.320 +So we basically have a really, I will say, + +40:09.360 --> 40:12.180 +really nice Xerox scanner. Nice because it + +40:12.180 --> 40:14.200 +has a great document feeder so you can + +40:14.200 --> 40:16.160 +throw in multiple documents at a time. + +40:17.320 --> 40:20.280 +hooked up to a PC and the PC is running a + +40:20.280 --> 40:22.600 +piece of software called Pages, which + +40:22.600 --> 40:24.480 +again is a really nice application for + +40:24.480 --> 40:27.620 +supporting the work of scanning documents. + +40:28.360 --> 40:32.440 +And so the documents are basically scanned + +40:32.440 --> 40:38.800 +using the scanner in Pages onto the PC + +40:38.800 --> 40:41.760 +that's sitting there. And then with a web + +40:41.760 --> 40:44.140 +-based form, they're coded and then + +40:44.140 --> 40:47.600 +they're uploaded onto the web. And at the + +40:47.600 --> 40:50.640 +moment, they're actually uploaded onto the + +40:50.640 --> 40:53.100 +web and sent to PARC, where we pull them + +40:53.100 --> 40:56.900 +in across the PARC firewall and do various + +40:56.900 --> 40:59.520 +kinds of processing over them, and then + +40:59.520 --> 41:02.000 +put them back out, indexed, both the + +41:02.000 --> 41:04.180 +documents and the metadata indexed outside + +41:04.180 --> 41:06.200 +the firewall, so that people at Caltrans + +41:06.200 --> 41:08.980 +with password protection can view the + +41:08.980 --> 41:10.720 +documents. The thing that we're up to now + +41:10.720 --> 41:12.240 +is trying to move the whole thing into + +41:12.240 --> 41:14.980 +Caltrans running on their intranet. And + +41:14.980 --> 41:18.100 +that involves a bit of substituting some + +41:18.100 --> 41:21.160 +code that's been running at PARC with + +41:21.160 --> 41:24.540 +commercially available, extended + +41:24.540 --> 41:27.420 +commercially available software using + +41:27.420 --> 41:31.560 +pages as the sort of basic platform for + +41:31.560 --> 41:35.460 +it. They now have an intern who's + +41:35.460 --> 41:38.560 +dedicated 25 hours a week to scanning and + +41:38.560 --> 41:41.940 +maintaining the project files. We have at + +41:41.940 --> 41:44.500 +last count about 1,250 documents in there, + +41:44.640 --> 41:47.060 +which just to give you a sense, I mean if + +41:47.060 --> 41:49.300 +you say documents, it turns out documents + +41:49.300 --> 41:51.740 +average about five pages. That of course + +41:51.740 --> 41:53.180 +doesn't mean at all, I mean they range + +41:53.180 --> 41:55.600 +from lots of one pagers to long documents, + +41:55.740 --> 41:59.400 +but it's about 1,250 roughly times five is + +41:59.400 --> 42:01.120 +the number of actual pages that we have. + +42:01.120 --> 42:03.800 +And for those of you who are interested in + +42:03.800 --> 42:05.980 +it takes about a gigabyte of storage at + +42:05.980 --> 42:08.080 +this point with another megabyte for the + +42:08.080 --> 42:08.580 +metadata. + +42:11.900 --> 42:14.580 +Okay, some things that we've learned about + +42:14.580 --> 42:17.400 +scanning because along with the intern + +42:17.400 --> 42:19.880 +that they've hired, we ourselves have done + +42:19.880 --> 42:22.080 +an enormous amount of scanning and learned + +42:22.080 --> 42:25.660 +a great deal from it. You know, again this + +42:25.660 --> 42:27.140 +sort of goes back to what I was saying + +42:27.140 --> 42:28.780 +about filing. There are all these things + +42:28.780 --> 42:32.140 +that are almost too mundane to mention, + +42:32.280 --> 42:33.700 +but when you're actually sitting there + +42:33.700 --> 42:35.320 +scanning documents, they become quite + +42:35.320 --> 42:38.860 +salient. Things like you have a stack and + +42:38.860 --> 42:41.020 +it's not always completely clear what + +42:41.020 --> 42:43.080 +should constitute a single document. + +42:43.600 --> 42:47.280 +Should this thing be scanned as a single + +42:47.280 --> 42:50.340 +document or as multiple documents? A + +42:50.340 --> 42:52.260 +little bit of judgment has to be exercised + +42:52.260 --> 42:53.920 +there. You know, you've got to give the + +42:53.920 --> 42:56.420 +document a name to store it on the hard + +42:56.420 --> 42:59.240 +drive on your PC, and so you've got to + +42:59.240 --> 43:00.960 +sort of come up with something, and it + +43:00.960 --> 43:02.720 +turns out that we display the names, and + +43:02.720 --> 43:04.320 +so it's actually useful if they say a + +43:04.320 --> 43:06.780 +little bit about the document. And then + +43:06.780 --> 43:07.960 +you've got to deal with the kind of + +43:07.960 --> 43:09.680 +heterogeneity that these documents have. + +43:10.160 --> 43:12.340 +For example, there are a lot of documents + +43:12.340 --> 43:14.140 +that have some pages, portrait, and some + +43:14.140 --> 43:16.960 +landscape. And, you know, there are issues + +43:16.960 --> 43:18.880 +there. You throw them all on the scanner. + +43:18.880 --> 43:20.920 +one of the really nice things that Pages + +43:20.920 --> 43:23.700 +does is you can view all of the thumbnails + +43:23.700 --> 43:25.280 +of all the documents that you've scanned + +43:25.280 --> 43:27.980 +and very easily rotate. So we go in and we + +43:27.980 --> 43:29.840 +rotate the documents so that when the + +43:29.840 --> 43:31.440 +thumbnails are displayed, everything will + +43:31.440 --> 43:34.900 +be nicely oriented in the right way, which + +43:34.900 --> 43:36.500 +is great for viewing the documents, but + +43:36.500 --> 43:37.860 +then of course when you're going to go to + +43:37.860 --> 43:41.460 +print them, you need to both reorient them + +43:41.460 --> 43:43.500 +and rescale them again. So there are + +43:43.500 --> 43:46.020 +translations between scanning and viewing + +43:46.020 --> 43:48.560 +and printing around page orientation that + +43:48.560 --> 43:51.640 +have become an issue. And there are + +43:51.640 --> 43:54.120 +variously sized pages. Pages again + +43:54.120 --> 43:56.120 +supports really nicely, you know, you do + +43:56.120 --> 43:58.820 +the 8.5 by 11s and then you add the, you + +43:58.820 --> 44:00.480 +do the others on the platen and you add + +44:00.480 --> 44:03.540 +them. So a lot of this, and again, it's + +44:03.540 --> 44:06.140 +essential to be able to easily go in and + +44:06.140 --> 44:09.020 +re-scan a document, replace a particular + +44:09.020 --> 44:11.720 +page and also to see what you've done + +44:11.720 --> 44:13.540 +after you scan them and to be able to go + +44:13.540 --> 44:16.600 +in there and reorder pages reorient things + +44:16.600 --> 44:19.380 +all of that actually pages does really + +44:19.380 --> 44:22.420 +well which is why we're we're relying on + +44:22.420 --> 44:25.080 +it to a great deal now of course you get + +44:25.080 --> 44:27.020 +to the documents in the project files + +44:27.020 --> 44:30.700 +through a home page and we have this + +44:30.700 --> 44:34.500 +project files home page it may be a little + +44:34.500 --> 44:36.380 +hard for you to read it so you know you + +44:36.380 --> 44:38.200 +can select search the project files that + +44:38.200 --> 44:39.580 +which takes you to the search interface + +44:39.580 --> 44:41.660 +which I'll show you add a new document + +44:41.660 --> 44:43.920 +takes you to the coding form that I'll + +44:43.920 --> 44:46.140 +show you and then a very various ways in + +44:46.140 --> 44:48.040 +which you can review the whole collection + +44:48.040 --> 44:52.140 +by dates by the arranged according to the + +44:52.140 --> 44:58.620 +uniform filing system and then various + +44:58.620 --> 45:00.820 +kinds of administrative operations that it + +45:00.820 --> 45:02.460 +turns out to be really useful to have like + +45:02.460 --> 45:05.240 +a change log that shows what the status of + +45:05.240 --> 45:08.120 +documents that have been scanned but not + +45:08.120 --> 45:12.160 +yet indexed is and things like that. We + +45:12.160 --> 45:16.160 +have a web-based form so that after you've + +45:16.160 --> 45:18.740 +used Pages to scan your document, you go + +45:18.740 --> 45:22.240 +in and you bring it up and then you can + +45:22.240 --> 45:26.260 +code it in a variety of ways. The + +45:26.260 --> 45:29.060 +interesting thing about this form is the + +45:29.060 --> 45:31.540 +number of times it's changed since we've + +45:31.540 --> 45:34.260 +been working with them. Once they really + +45:34.260 --> 45:37.940 +got into using this form, they began to + +45:37.940 --> 45:40.740 +see ways in which actually the initial + +45:40.740 --> 45:44.040 +things which they said made sense. Like we + +45:44.040 --> 45:46.000 +started out with a bunch of keywords, + +45:46.160 --> 45:48.080 +which then got differentiated into things + +45:48.080 --> 45:49.980 +like source and recipient, as we have + +45:49.980 --> 45:52.980 +here. And the issue there is that it's + +45:52.980 --> 45:55.940 +become clear to us how essential it is + +45:55.940 --> 45:58.320 +that this kind of a form be tailorable and + +45:58.320 --> 46:01.260 +modifiable. And that presents, we've + +46:01.260 --> 46:03.260 +probably done a half a dozen iterations on + +46:03.260 --> 46:05.720 +the design of this form in the last six + +46:05.720 --> 46:07.040 +months to a year that we've been working + +46:07.040 --> 46:10.320 +with them. This poses a real challenge for + +46:10.320 --> 46:12.480 +us in attempting to move this thing into + +46:12.480 --> 46:14.140 +their environment and extricate ourselves + +46:14.140 --> 46:16.260 +because at the moment these changes are + +46:16.260 --> 46:17.920 +done through very close collaboration + +46:17.920 --> 46:21.980 +between the engineers and Randy where they + +46:21.980 --> 46:24.120 +tell him the changes that they want and he + +46:24.120 --> 46:26.660 +implements them. How do we deal with that? + +46:26.780 --> 46:28.320 +That's obviously going to be essential. + +46:29.680 --> 46:33.080 +Once you've coded your document, you go + +46:33.080 --> 46:36.080 +down. This is the second page which + +46:36.080 --> 46:37.940 +printed out doesn't fit onto a single + +46:37.940 --> 46:40.720 +sheet. You go down to the bottom and you + +46:40.720 --> 46:45.720 +say submit document and document info. And + +46:45.720 --> 46:47.560 +then it goes through this, at the moment, + +46:47.620 --> 46:50.680 +this sort of trip over to park and back + +46:50.680 --> 46:54.180 +again. But eventually that will just + +46:54.180 --> 46:57.700 +basically put it onto a web server in + +46:57.700 --> 47:01.460 +their environment. Again, some + +47:01.460 --> 47:04.220 +observations about coding documents, which + +47:04.220 --> 47:06.460 +we've also done a lot of and talked to + +47:06.460 --> 47:10.040 +them about a lot. It turns out that + +47:10.040 --> 47:13.320 +there's a requirement for a lot of + +47:13.320 --> 47:15.560 +flexibility around the question of who + +47:15.560 --> 47:17.520 +codes documents and who scans them. And + +47:17.520 --> 47:19.720 +one of the things that they wanted and + +47:19.720 --> 47:21.960 +that we provided is a paper version of the + +47:21.960 --> 47:24.700 +online coding form. Which means that + +47:24.700 --> 47:27.340 +engineers who are sitting at their desks + +47:27.340 --> 47:29.540 +with a pile of documents can just take + +47:29.540 --> 47:32.820 +this paper form, code it, paper clip it to + +47:32.820 --> 47:34.280 +the front of the document, put it in that + +47:34.280 --> 47:36.540 +inbox, and then the intern can scan it. + +47:36.700 --> 47:38.580 +The intern also does coding himself + +47:38.580 --> 47:39.820 +online. + +47:42.000 --> 47:43.860 +Engineers could do online coding from + +47:43.860 --> 47:45.800 +their desks if they were into that. But + +47:45.800 --> 47:48.440 +basically, it's the more alternatives + +47:48.440 --> 47:50.820 +there are for how to do this, the better. + +47:51.840 --> 47:53.960 +Again, a lot of flexibility in the amount + +47:53.960 --> 47:56.180 +of coding. Either you can do very, very + +47:56.180 --> 47:59.020 +minimal coding, basically give it a + +47:59.020 --> 48:01.520 +uniform file system category, or you can + +48:01.520 --> 48:03.920 +do increasingly elaborate, and you can do + +48:03.920 --> 48:05.800 +that either at the time that you scan it + +48:05.800 --> 48:08.440 +or later. So we've been trying to give + +48:08.440 --> 48:12.900 +them a lot of different ways of organizing + +48:12.900 --> 48:17.120 +the time and the place and how much or + +48:17.120 --> 48:19.060 +little of this work gets done and that + +48:19.060 --> 48:20.860 +seems essential for making the thing + +48:20.860 --> 48:24.860 +really, really useful, usable and useful. + +48:26.780 --> 48:29.260 +Again, now that things, once things have + +48:29.260 --> 48:32.340 +actually been entered into the online + +48:32.340 --> 48:35.260 +repository, there are a whole lot of new + +48:35.260 --> 48:37.420 +ways to be able to see the collection. You + +48:37.420 --> 48:39.520 +can still look at all of the, look at the + +48:39.520 --> 48:41.100 +collection according to the uniform filing + +48:41.100 --> 48:43.800 +system, but now, oh sorry, I meant to put + +48:43.800 --> 48:46.760 +this one up for you, but now of course you + +48:46.760 --> 48:50.980 +have active links. So you can actually go + +48:50.980 --> 48:53.120 +in and you can see how many documents + +48:53.120 --> 48:54.800 +there are in a given category. You can + +48:54.800 --> 48:56.600 +click on the link and you can see all of + +48:56.600 --> 48:59.540 +those documents. So it's preserving the + +48:59.540 --> 49:03.020 +old way of organizing the collection, but + +49:03.020 --> 49:05.420 +with some new ways of being able to see it + +49:05.420 --> 49:09.240 +and get at it. One thing that's turned out + +49:09.240 --> 49:11.060 +to be really useful for them is that you + +49:11.060 --> 49:12.540 +can organize, you can see the whole + +49:12.540 --> 49:15.080 +collection ordered by dates from the most + +49:15.080 --> 49:18.240 +recent documents. It turns out that in + +49:18.240 --> 49:20.720 +thinking about a document when people, + +49:20.740 --> 49:22.320 +when they're going to look for it, people + +49:22.320 --> 49:25.180 +very often know, well you know this is a + +49:25.180 --> 49:27.360 +letter that was sent to us back in March + +49:27.360 --> 49:30.380 +of last year. So it's really helpful to be + +49:30.380 --> 49:32.040 +able to go in and look at all the + +49:32.040 --> 49:36.080 +documents from March of last year. You can + +49:36.080 --> 49:39.520 +actually view thumbnail images of all of + +49:39.520 --> 49:41.540 +the, some of the document, one of the + +49:41.540 --> 49:43.520 +options is to code documents by the type + +49:43.520 --> 49:45.360 +of document they are. So is it a letter, + +49:45.420 --> 49:49.100 +is it a report, is it a memo, and you can + +49:49.100 --> 49:52.000 +again just see see what you've got in the + +49:52.000 --> 49:55.160 +collection in that way. In addition to + +49:55.160 --> 49:58.020 +various ways of viewing it, obviously you + +49:58.020 --> 49:59.580 +can you can search and And this is the + +49:59.580 --> 50:02.260 +kind of, it's a hybrid search interface, + +50:02.380 --> 50:03.860 +as I said, because it allows you to + +50:03.860 --> 50:06.980 +combine a full-text search with properties + +50:06.980 --> 50:11.600 +plus getting back a view of your hits as + +50:11.600 --> 50:14.860 +thumbnails, which you can then scan in + +50:14.860 --> 50:16.540 +something like the way that you would scan + +50:16.540 --> 50:20.380 +a paper collection. And you can also + +50:20.380 --> 50:23.420 +display the returns, the results of a + +50:23.420 --> 50:24.980 +search in different ways. You can display + +50:24.980 --> 50:27.160 +them as thumbnails. you can also display + +50:27.160 --> 50:29.500 +them in this kind of tabular form if it's + +50:29.500 --> 50:31.440 +more helpful to see everything that comes + +50:31.440 --> 50:33.780 +back by date. So again, the point here is + +50:33.780 --> 50:36.860 +that there are many different combination + +50:36.860 --> 50:39.060 +ways in which things can be configured. + +50:39.460 --> 50:41.700 +And it turns out that how you want it + +50:41.700 --> 50:44.580 +configured is very much tied to what you + +50:44.580 --> 50:47.360 +know when you go to do the search. It + +50:47.360 --> 50:49.960 +shapes how you want to actually view the + +50:49.960 --> 50:54.060 +collection. Once you find a document that + +50:54.060 --> 50:58.920 +you're looking for, you can view it in + +50:58.920 --> 51:01.960 +multiple thumbnail sizes. So here's a + +51:01.960 --> 51:04.560 +single document with all of its pages laid + +51:04.560 --> 51:06.960 +out. You can see this issue of portrait + +51:06.960 --> 51:09.580 +and landscape in a single document. And + +51:09.580 --> 51:12.920 +then of course you can go in and view any + +51:12.920 --> 51:14.920 +of the pages. And you can see from this + +51:14.920 --> 51:16.860 +how important the images are because a lot + +51:16.860 --> 51:19.060 +of the documents in this collection, once + +51:19.060 --> 51:21.700 +you do OCR, you get back practically + +51:21.700 --> 51:24.180 +nothing. And even the documents that you + +51:24.180 --> 51:27.060 +get a lot back from OCR have in addition + +51:27.060 --> 51:29.880 +various kinds of marginalia annotations + +51:29.880 --> 51:32.720 +that you lose. So we're very much + +51:32.720 --> 51:35.480 +believers in the idea that you need to + +51:35.480 --> 51:38.420 +preserve images as well as providing + +51:38.420 --> 51:42.860 +people with text search. And then Randy + +51:42.860 --> 51:45.240 +has actually created, in an attempt to + +51:45.240 --> 51:47.600 +address this problem of user modification + +51:47.600 --> 51:51.100 +of the coding scheme, Randy's actually + +51:51.100 --> 51:55.120 +provided an interface for them that allows + +51:55.120 --> 51:57.280 +them to do the relatively straightforward + +51:57.280 --> 51:59.500 +things like take all the documents that + +51:59.500 --> 52:01.760 +were called this and now call them that, + +52:01.960 --> 52:06.700 +or add this new category. The tricky part, + +52:06.780 --> 52:08.760 +of course, that we're dealing with now is + +52:08.760 --> 52:11.720 +they do more elaborate reconfigurations of + +52:11.720 --> 52:14.020 +their coding scheme that have + +52:14.020 --> 52:16.560 +ramifications back through the already + +52:16.560 --> 52:18.980 +coded documents, Randy has to write more + +52:18.980 --> 52:20.800 +and more elaborate scripts that will go + +52:20.800 --> 52:24.240 +back and and recode the collection. And + +52:24.900 --> 52:27.680 +the really difficult question that we face + +52:27.680 --> 52:30.960 +is when we leave, how can we make sure + +52:30.960 --> 52:33.320 +that this thing doesn't die in the next, + +52:33.380 --> 52:35.340 +at the next point where they decide they + +52:35.340 --> 52:37.660 +want to to make a big change and aren't + +52:37.660 --> 52:39.500 +able to do it. That's and that's that + +52:39.500 --> 52:41.200 +brings us into the whole question of what + +52:41.200 --> 52:44.760 +kind of continuing organizational and + +52:44.760 --> 52:48.320 +human support there's going to be. Okay, + +52:48.420 --> 52:53.340 +to summarize, the two aspects of what this + +52:53.340 --> 52:55.740 +project has meant in terms of designing, + +52:56.100 --> 52:59.220 +there's the project of configuring a + +52:59.220 --> 53:00.960 +working prototype, which we've done by, + +53:01.080 --> 53:02.520 +you know, we got a first approximation + +53:02.520 --> 53:05.460 +running in our lab. We moved it over to + +53:05.460 --> 53:07.780 +their organization, keeping some of the + +53:07.780 --> 53:10.760 +processing work at PARC, and now we're + +53:10.760 --> 53:12.320 +trying to actually move the whole thing + +53:12.320 --> 53:16.780 +onto their intranet. And then a lot of + +53:16.780 --> 53:18.700 +what we've been doing has been configuring + +53:18.700 --> 53:21.540 +a working practice in relation to that + +53:21.540 --> 53:24.340 +prototype, working out flexible divisions + +53:24.340 --> 53:27.080 +of labor. As I said, this idea of paper + +53:27.080 --> 53:30.640 +coding forms came out of that. that. Being + +53:30.640 --> 53:34.120 +sure that you can review and manipulate + +53:34.120 --> 53:36.280 +your page images. It's just you can't, + +53:36.280 --> 53:39.580 +scanning really requires, you can't do it + +53:39.580 --> 53:41.400 +blind. You want to see what you've done + +53:41.400 --> 53:42.900 +and you want to be able to go in there and + +53:42.900 --> 53:46.660 +fix things. And support for this kind of + +53:46.660 --> 53:48.860 +iterative document coding. So you code a + +53:48.860 --> 53:50.880 +document maybe a bit when you scan it and + +53:50.880 --> 53:52.600 +then you add things or you change things + +53:52.600 --> 53:54.740 +later on. Maybe even when you go to search + +53:54.740 --> 53:56.060 +for it and you bring it up and you see how + +53:56.060 --> 53:57.540 +it was coded and you say, oh, I don't + +53:57.540 --> 54:00.420 +really like that. I want to revise it. And + +54:00.420 --> 54:03.940 +then on a larger scale, support for this + +54:03.940 --> 54:06.580 +kind of extensible and modifiable metadata + +54:06.580 --> 54:09.900 +that seems so important. Some of the + +54:09.900 --> 54:16.100 +issues for them, if this effort is + +54:16.100 --> 54:19.380 +successful, is that if we were actually to + +54:19.380 --> 54:21.160 +get to the point where this collection was + +54:21.160 --> 54:23.500 +online and available in a distributed way, + +54:23.700 --> 54:26.840 +the project team is no longer the + +54:26.840 --> 54:28.500 +interface to the collection in the way + +54:28.500 --> 54:29.820 +that they have been before, which has + +54:29.820 --> 54:32.980 +afforded tremendous value in various ways. + +54:33.480 --> 54:35.800 +I mean these documents are in principle + +54:35.800 --> 54:40.040 +available to anyone, but of course it's a + +54:40.040 --> 54:42.060 +big difference if you, if all of the + +54:42.060 --> 54:45.640 +requests go through you or if people in + +54:45.640 --> 54:48.480 +unknown places are doing unknown things + +54:48.480 --> 54:50.700 +with the collection. So access controls + +54:50.700 --> 54:54.020 +that now are largely taken care of through + +54:54.020 --> 54:56.100 +the practicalities of the medium because + +54:56.100 --> 54:58.300 +these things exist in one place nobody + +54:58.300 --> 55:00.340 +else knows how to find anything in them + +55:00.340 --> 55:02.900 +now have to be addressed much more + +55:02.900 --> 55:07.780 +explicitly and very important and very + +55:07.780 --> 55:10.480 +salient for us at the moment is where of + +55:10.480 --> 55:12.620 +course at this point we're keeping all of + +55:12.620 --> 55:15.220 +these documents on on paper in the old + +55:15.220 --> 55:18.660 +way. Eventually, I would imagine there + +55:18.660 --> 55:21.560 +would be some mix. A lot of them would no + +55:21.560 --> 55:23.860 +longer be kept in the binders once they + +55:23.860 --> 55:26.420 +were online. Others of them would be kept + +55:26.420 --> 55:27.860 +in the binders because you'd want the + +55:27.860 --> 55:30.240 +original for various reasons. And so there + +55:30.240 --> 55:33.380 +are very complicated questions about how + +55:33.380 --> 55:35.700 +you're going to maintain the coherence of + +55:35.700 --> 55:38.900 +the media of the paper and the digital + +55:38.900 --> 55:41.440 +renderings of the documents. And then + +55:41.440 --> 55:43.640 +finally, this larger question of + +55:43.640 --> 55:46.960 +maintaining the coherence of your coding + +55:46.960 --> 55:50.280 +categories, both with respect to the paper + +55:50.280 --> 55:52.860 +and the digital documents, and how you do + +55:52.860 --> 55:54.640 +that both over time. We've already seen, + +55:54.720 --> 55:56.680 +as I said, tremendously dynamic changes + +55:56.680 --> 55:58.840 +there within the project team that we're + +55:58.840 --> 56:01.180 +working with over the year or so that + +56:01.180 --> 56:03.160 +we've had the prototype running. And then + +56:03.160 --> 56:05.620 +once you have multiple project teams + +56:05.620 --> 56:08.660 +working with a collection, it becomes an + +56:08.660 --> 56:11.580 +even more challenging kind of coordination + +56:11.580 --> 56:19.200 +problem. I'll end with a slogan, which is + +56:19.200 --> 56:21.240 +really a slogan that refers to this whole + +56:21.240 --> 56:23.680 +approach to doing this kind of work + +56:23.680 --> 56:26.600 +oriented design approach. I was often + +56:26.600 --> 56:29.980 +asked, well the impression I got from many + +56:29.980 --> 56:32.400 +of my colleagues at PARCC in the early + +56:32.400 --> 56:34.140 +days when I was arguing for this kind of + +56:34.140 --> 56:37.720 +work was, is if we go out and look at the + +56:37.720 --> 56:39.980 +way people are currently working, it will + +56:39.980 --> 56:43.980 +have this deeply conservative effect on + +56:43.980 --> 56:47.340 +us. We'll end up just replicating what + +56:47.340 --> 56:50.400 +they're doing now. And it's better if we + +56:50.400 --> 56:53.520 +just sort of freely imagine the + +56:53.520 --> 56:58.240 +possibilities. And my response to that is, + +56:58.300 --> 57:02.160 +well, if you, in a very sort of flat + +57:02.160 --> 57:05.100 +-footed way, went about trying to + +57:05.100 --> 57:07.020 +replicate exactly, well first of all I + +57:07.020 --> 57:09.840 +think the premise that there is that until + +57:09.840 --> 57:14.040 +we as designers come along the world is a + +57:14.040 --> 57:16.820 +stagnant place. That people are basically + +57:16.820 --> 57:18.500 +sitting there doing the same thing over + +57:18.500 --> 57:19.820 +and over again and it's only when + +57:19.820 --> 57:22.160 +brilliant and innovative designers come on + +57:22.160 --> 57:23.860 +the scene that they say oh you know we + +57:23.860 --> 57:25.580 +could be doing it differently. That's not + +57:25.580 --> 57:27.520 +my experience. Every workplace I've ever + +57:27.520 --> 57:29.780 +been in there are people in the the + +57:29.780 --> 57:32.860 +workplace who, not everyone, but there are + +57:32.860 --> 57:35.420 +always people who are pretty continually + +57:35.420 --> 57:38.380 +sort of reflecting in, you know, greater + +57:38.380 --> 57:39.760 +and lesser ways about what they're doing + +57:39.760 --> 57:41.340 +and trying to figure out how to do it + +57:41.340 --> 57:43.940 +differently. And our experience is that + +57:43.940 --> 57:46.080 +it's much more that it's hard to keep up + +57:46.080 --> 57:50.700 +with the dynamism of the organization of + +57:50.700 --> 57:52.920 +work practices than it is to get people + +57:52.920 --> 57:56.420 +to, you know, sort of get, make any kinds + +57:56.420 --> 58:00.020 +of changes in what they're doing. So first + +58:00.020 --> 58:02.260 +of all, things aren't stagnant until we + +58:02.260 --> 58:05.040 +come along. And secondly, if we did come + +58:05.040 --> 58:09.620 +along and try to take an analysis of + +58:09.620 --> 58:11.260 +people's working practices as the basis + +58:11.260 --> 58:14.260 +for design, in the absence of any sort of + +58:14.260 --> 58:18.260 +imaginative activity, we might have a + +58:18.260 --> 58:21.840 +problem. We need to also engage in + +58:21.840 --> 58:23.900 +thinking about how things could be + +58:23.900 --> 58:27.140 +different. But the idea here is that, I + +58:27.140 --> 58:28.800 +mean the crude way of putting this is it's + +58:28.800 --> 58:30.620 +better to design from knowledge than from + +58:30.620 --> 58:33.040 +ignorance, right? But I think that the + +58:33.040 --> 58:38.660 +goal that we're after is to try to get + +58:38.660 --> 58:42.580 +enough of a mutual understanding, and this + +58:42.580 --> 58:44.480 +comes very much out of the tradition of + +58:44.480 --> 58:46.520 +Scandinavian systems design that we've + +58:46.520 --> 58:49.000 +been deeply influenced by. The idea that + +58:49.000 --> 58:51.420 +people doing a particular kind of work + +58:51.420 --> 58:54.640 +using relevant technologies need to have + +58:54.640 --> 58:56.060 +enough of an understanding of what the + +58:56.060 --> 58:58.400 +technological possibilities are that they + +58:58.400 --> 59:02.360 +can engage in thinking intelligently about + +59:02.360 --> 59:04.280 +what the possibilities could be. And + +59:04.280 --> 59:06.960 +that's what our running prototype in this + +59:06.960 --> 59:09.780 +worksite is doing. It's giving people in + +59:09.780 --> 59:12.940 +the worksite the ability to imagine what + +59:12.940 --> 59:14.800 +the technology, to have enough of an + +59:14.800 --> 59:16.300 +understanding of what the technology does + +59:16.300 --> 59:17.880 +to be able to imagine what it could do. + +59:18.060 --> 59:20.980 +And similarly for us, we need not to + +59:20.980 --> 59:22.820 +become civil engineers. That would be, you + +59:22.820 --> 59:25.120 +know, that would require many lifetimes to + +59:25.120 --> 59:27.520 +do that in all of the sites where we might + +59:27.520 --> 59:30.400 +want to design. But we need to develop + +59:30.400 --> 59:32.420 +enough of an appreciation for what their + +59:32.420 --> 59:35.720 +issues are that we in turn can think + +59:35.720 --> 59:38.640 +intelligently about their work. And doing + +59:38.640 --> 59:40.960 +the kind of projects that we're doing on + +59:40.960 --> 59:42.540 +site in the way that we're doing them + +59:42.540 --> 59:47.100 +enables that sort of collaboration so that + +59:47.100 --> 59:48.780 +you get what I think is a very powerful + +59:48.780 --> 59:53.020 +combination of grounded understanding of + +59:53.020 --> 59:57.820 +existing practice plus imagination of how + +59:57.820 --> 01:00:01.720 +things might be different. So I'll stop + +01:00:01.720 --> 01:00:05.820 +there and take questions. Yeah? What are + +01:00:05.820 --> 01:00:08.580 +your thoughts at the moment on purging and + +01:00:08.580 --> 01:00:12.140 +on archiving machinery in the form of + +01:00:12.140 --> 01:00:12.520 +this? + +01:00:15.720 --> 01:00:20.380 +Well, if we get to stay around long enough + +01:00:20.380 --> 01:00:23.500 +we'll see because in terms of archiving + +01:00:23.500 --> 01:00:27.180 +it's a very explicit part of this project + +01:00:27.180 --> 01:00:30.940 +files process that a subset of the + +01:00:30.940 --> 01:00:32.900 +documents in the project files go into a + +01:00:32.900 --> 01:00:35.760 +history file. In paper? In paper. Now at + +01:00:35.760 --> 01:00:37.760 +the moment everything is in paper. But + +01:00:37.760 --> 01:00:39.760 +that means that if we have an online + +01:00:39.760 --> 01:00:42.440 +collection, eventually a subset of that + +01:00:42.440 --> 01:00:45.940 +online collection will need to be archived + +01:00:45.940 --> 01:00:49.800 +and another, presumably some other + +01:00:49.800 --> 01:00:52.100 +documents that are useful in the course of + +01:00:52.100 --> 01:00:53.880 +the project will no longer be needed. I + +01:00:53.880 --> 01:00:54.860 +have an article in the media that I've + +01:00:54.860 --> 01:00:57.180 +read very recently about the fact that + +01:00:57.180 --> 01:00:59.980 +even DVDs are now known to deteriorate + +01:00:59.980 --> 01:01:02.620 +much more rapidly than anyone expected + +01:01:02.620 --> 01:01:05.400 +they would. Much faster than film, for + +01:01:05.400 --> 01:01:07.480 +example. And now this is a more general + +01:01:07.480 --> 01:01:11.440 +question to someone from PARC. What are + +01:01:11.440 --> 01:01:13.980 +you going to use to archive records? Yeah, + +01:01:14.080 --> 01:01:17.040 +I am not an archivist, but I think that, I + +01:01:17.040 --> 01:01:19.340 +know that's a really serious and pressing + +01:01:19.340 --> 01:01:23.900 +question, because archivists know a lot + +01:01:23.900 --> 01:01:26.900 +about paper as a medium. And there's been + +01:01:26.900 --> 01:01:29.340 +a huge amount of work done to develop + +01:01:29.340 --> 01:01:32.740 +kinds of paper that are extremely durable, + +01:01:32.840 --> 01:01:35.400 +much more than we know or have done in + +01:01:35.400 --> 01:01:37.060 +relation to digital media. So I don't have + +01:01:37.060 --> 01:01:39.180 +the answer, but I think it's a very + +01:01:39.180 --> 01:01:42.560 +important question. Yeah. Have you looked + +01:01:42.560 --> 01:01:44.780 +at the change in practice after + +01:01:44.780 --> 01:01:46.660 +introduction of your prototype? You have a + +01:01:46.660 --> 01:01:48.920 +fascinating natural experiment. Any result + +01:01:48.920 --> 01:01:52.080 +coming in? Oh, yeah. I mean, well, let's + +01:01:52.080 --> 01:01:56.980 +see. Obviously, before we were there, the + +01:01:56.980 --> 01:01:59.960 +practice was to take these documents and + +01:01:59.960 --> 01:02:02.360 +put them into the binders. And we've + +01:02:02.360 --> 01:02:06.920 +interjected an entire new sort of piece of + +01:02:06.920 --> 01:02:10.700 +work that we hope is going to be valuable + +01:02:10.700 --> 01:02:13.180 +enough. that it's worth doing. At the + +01:02:13.180 --> 01:02:15.260 +moment, of course, they're doing both + +01:02:15.260 --> 01:02:17.240 +things so that after things are put into + +01:02:17.240 --> 01:02:18.940 +the online collection they get put into + +01:02:18.940 --> 01:02:20.660 +the binders. I think it's, + +01:02:24.180 --> 01:02:26.760 +we've actually wondered what would be + +01:02:26.760 --> 01:02:30.220 +happening if we weren't there because the + +01:02:30.220 --> 01:02:34.420 +state of the documents that needed to go + +01:02:34.420 --> 01:02:36.700 +into the project files was reaching kind + +01:02:36.700 --> 01:02:40.620 +of a crisis point at the time when we + +01:02:40.620 --> 01:02:42.060 +actually got our prototype up and running. + +01:02:42.220 --> 01:02:43.140 +I mean, there were just stacks of + +01:02:43.140 --> 01:02:45.720 +documents everywhere. It was out of + +01:02:45.720 --> 01:02:48.280 +control in part because the whole project + +01:02:48.280 --> 01:02:50.600 +is on an accelerated timeframe and there's + +01:02:50.600 --> 01:02:54.200 +nobody to do that work. So partly I think + +01:02:54.200 --> 01:02:56.680 +our being there, this is a bit of a + +01:02:56.680 --> 01:02:58.660 +Hawthorne effect, but it's had now I think + +01:02:58.660 --> 01:03:00.820 +some really enduring consequences, was to + +01:03:00.820 --> 01:03:05.440 +raise the project files to both to raise + +01:03:05.440 --> 01:03:09.940 +their visibility within the team and also + +01:03:09.940 --> 01:03:12.380 +you know we obviously put we've put a lot + +01:03:12.380 --> 01:03:14.720 +of labor into getting getting the online + +01:03:14.720 --> 01:03:18.000 +collection together I think what what + +01:03:18.000 --> 01:03:19.720 +usually happens around the project files + +01:03:19.720 --> 01:03:22.820 +is that they are they're managed on it on + +01:03:22.820 --> 01:03:25.900 +an as-needed basis so for a large part of + +01:03:25.900 --> 01:03:27.700 +the project people go along doing sort of + +01:03:27.700 --> 01:03:30.200 +crisis is document search. They need to + +01:03:30.200 --> 01:03:31.980 +find something, they spend huge amounts of + +01:03:31.980 --> 01:03:35.020 +time searching through piles of documents. + +01:03:35.200 --> 01:03:37.080 +And then at the point where they're + +01:03:37.080 --> 01:03:38.700 +actually responsible for turning the + +01:03:38.700 --> 01:03:41.960 +collection over to someone else, they do a + +01:03:41.960 --> 01:03:44.400 +huge amount of work to pull the collection + +01:03:44.400 --> 01:03:46.320 +together. So the collection becomes more + +01:03:46.320 --> 01:03:50.340 +like a record than a useful resource in + +01:03:50.340 --> 01:03:54.960 +the actual work as it's going on. So I'm + +01:03:54.960 --> 01:03:58.160 +hoping that one of the effects of our + +01:03:58.160 --> 01:04:02.940 +intervention is to make the project files + +01:04:02.940 --> 01:04:05.820 +into much more of a sort of active + +01:04:05.820 --> 01:04:09.220 +resource and obviously cut down a great + +01:04:09.220 --> 01:04:10.440 +deal on the amount of time they spend + +01:04:10.440 --> 01:04:13.020 +searching through cardboard boxes and all + +01:04:13.020 --> 01:04:15.120 +the other stacks of things that are + +01:04:15.120 --> 01:04:18.980 +around. Yeah. Two questions. A lot of + +01:04:18.980 --> 01:04:20.820 +times people take old documents and modify + +01:04:20.820 --> 01:04:22.620 +them, either clipping notes to them or + +01:04:22.620 --> 01:04:24.660 +making changes to them. How do you handle + +01:04:24.660 --> 01:04:25.640 +that in the system? Are there multiple + +01:04:25.640 --> 01:04:27.440 +copies of the document, links or what? + +01:04:28.280 --> 01:04:31.400 +There are multiple copies, multiple + +01:04:31.400 --> 01:04:33.840 +versions of documents, and in a way that's + +01:04:33.840 --> 01:04:38.300 +fine. We don't worry. We've tried to keep + +01:04:38.300 --> 01:04:40.440 +an eye out for exact duplicates and not + +01:04:40.440 --> 01:04:42.460 +put exact duplicates in. But we've got + +01:04:42.460 --> 01:04:44.560 +many variations on documents with + +01:04:44.560 --> 01:04:47.060 +different annotations. And I think one of + +01:04:47.060 --> 01:04:49.300 +the benefits of this kind of a system is + +01:04:49.300 --> 01:04:52.360 +that you can do that at a relatively low + +01:04:52.360 --> 01:04:54.100 +cost. And then when you do your search, + +01:04:54.280 --> 01:04:57.420 +you're going to get back all of the + +01:04:57.420 --> 01:04:59.380 +different versions, and you can look for + +01:04:59.380 --> 01:05:01.980 +the one that you want. It's really up to + +01:05:01.980 --> 01:05:05.360 +them to decide which documents go into the + +01:05:05.360 --> 01:05:08.340 +collection. So I would say if something + +01:05:08.340 --> 01:05:12.300 +gets pulled out and modified, it's going + +01:05:12.300 --> 01:05:13.940 +to be their call whether it should then be + +01:05:13.940 --> 01:05:17.480 +rescanned in a new version. But we want to + +01:05:17.480 --> 01:05:19.440 +make the scanning easy enough that if you + +01:05:19.440 --> 01:05:21.360 +wanted to do that, it wouldn't be a big + +01:05:21.360 --> 01:05:23.200 +deal. The second question is with the + +01:05:23.200 --> 01:05:27.080 +changing of the classification, how much + +01:05:27.080 --> 01:05:28.960 +of that is them learning the system and + +01:05:28.960 --> 01:05:30.260 +thinking about it for the first time + +01:05:30.260 --> 01:05:31.600 +versus they're moving on to different + +01:05:31.600 --> 01:05:36.840 +phases of the work? I think partly it's + +01:05:36.840 --> 01:05:40.520 +their thinking more about it. partly their + +01:05:40.520 --> 01:05:45.060 +orientation to the classification scheme + +01:05:45.060 --> 01:05:46.760 +is tied to the particular thing that + +01:05:46.760 --> 01:05:47.940 +they're working on at the moment. For + +01:05:47.940 --> 01:05:51.140 +example, we just had a major revision to + +01:05:51.140 --> 01:05:54.080 +the filing system by one of the engineers + +01:05:54.080 --> 01:05:57.440 +who was given responsibility for doing + +01:05:57.440 --> 01:05:59.900 +some work around all of the task orders to + +01:05:59.900 --> 01:06:03.620 +consultants. So he was focused on the task + +01:06:03.620 --> 01:06:05.240 +orders to consultants. He looked at the + +01:06:05.240 --> 01:06:07.680 +previous classification scheme and he + +01:06:07.680 --> 01:06:10.200 +didn't like the ways in which, you know, + +01:06:10.220 --> 01:06:11.660 +he was actually going to look for those + +01:06:11.660 --> 01:06:13.440 +things and they were interspersed in ways + +01:06:13.440 --> 01:06:14.700 +that he didn't like and he wanted to + +01:06:14.700 --> 01:06:16.900 +create a new category for them. So it's + +01:06:16.900 --> 01:06:21.780 +very much occasioned by you turn to do a + +01:06:21.780 --> 01:06:26.600 +particular task and you then find things, + +01:06:26.760 --> 01:06:29.300 +you know, that matter to you. And I think + +01:06:29.300 --> 01:06:32.080 +that kind of interweaving of the design of + +01:06:32.080 --> 01:06:33.980 +the classification scheme and the the + +01:06:33.980 --> 01:06:36.620 +ongoing work is critical. You've got to be + +01:06:36.620 --> 01:06:38.640 +able to sort of work back and forth + +01:06:38.640 --> 01:06:40.620 +between the two. It doesn't happen all at + +01:06:40.620 --> 01:06:43.380 +once at the beginning. And it doesn't even + +01:06:43.380 --> 01:06:46.280 +happen at sort of predictable times. It + +01:06:46.280 --> 01:06:49.640 +happens as the spirit moves you and you + +01:06:49.640 --> 01:06:54.020 +actually care, then you focus on it. Yeah? + +01:06:54.680 --> 01:06:58.380 +Yeah. I noticed in my experience, if I + +01:06:58.380 --> 01:07:03.160 +have some kind of archives, I put them on + +01:07:03.160 --> 01:07:05.720 +my desk. so that I can remember that I + +01:07:05.720 --> 01:07:07.800 +need to look at these things. I'm + +01:07:07.800 --> 01:07:09.760 +wondering if you guys have thought about + +01:07:09.760 --> 01:07:11.880 +that in terms of those documents are + +01:07:11.880 --> 01:07:13.860 +actually a trigger to remember things. If + +01:07:13.860 --> 01:07:16.560 +they're in some kind of electronic form, + +01:07:16.700 --> 01:07:18.600 +it may not be as good a trigger. Right, + +01:07:18.600 --> 01:07:20.460 +absolutely. I think the difference between + +01:07:20.460 --> 01:07:23.080 +having things sort of enclosed in a + +01:07:23.080 --> 01:07:26.740 +workstation and spread around is very + +01:07:26.740 --> 01:07:29.560 +important. In a way, that's about how + +01:07:29.560 --> 01:07:31.180 +things move between this sort of active + +01:07:31.180 --> 01:07:34.080 +and working status. But I think there are + +01:07:34.080 --> 01:07:36.780 +interesting possibilities, again, for new + +01:07:36.780 --> 01:07:38.560 +kinds of integration there. I mean, one of + +01:07:38.560 --> 01:07:40.500 +the things that people at PARCC have been + +01:07:40.500 --> 01:07:42.760 +working on for a long time are these + +01:07:42.760 --> 01:07:49.620 +glyphs, basically barcode-type images that + +01:07:49.620 --> 01:07:51.940 +you could put onto documents that are + +01:07:51.940 --> 01:07:55.260 +instructions for, you know, are machine + +01:07:55.260 --> 01:07:59.240 +-readable. So one of the ideas is that you + +01:07:59.240 --> 01:08:02.080 +could have, it's been called document + +01:08:02.080 --> 01:08:04.240 +tokens, or let's say you have, I mean, + +01:08:04.260 --> 01:08:05.480 +I've always thought it would be nice to + +01:08:05.480 --> 01:08:08.320 +have paper file cabinets, but instead of + +01:08:08.320 --> 01:08:10.420 +the whole papers, I'd have first pages. + +01:08:11.300 --> 01:08:14.420 +So, and then you could take out that page + +01:08:14.420 --> 01:08:18.400 +and stick it into a scanner and get the + +01:08:18.400 --> 01:08:19.940 +whole document back out again. So + +01:08:19.940 --> 01:08:23.580 +variations on how we could both have those + +01:08:23.580 --> 01:08:25.840 +sort of mnemonic cues, but maybe not have + +01:08:25.840 --> 01:08:28.140 +in every case the whole document sitting + +01:08:28.140 --> 01:08:31.100 +around, for example. So, but that kind of + +01:08:31.100 --> 01:08:33.540 +playing with the relationship between the + +01:08:33.540 --> 01:08:36.180 +paper and the digital, I think, is really + +01:08:36.180 --> 01:08:38.680 +interesting. Much more interesting + +01:08:38.680 --> 01:08:41.820 +direction than thinking about, you know, + +01:08:41.840 --> 01:08:44.060 +the paperless office. I think it would be + +01:08:44.060 --> 01:08:46.820 +interesting to see that. So, a lot of + +01:08:46.820 --> 01:08:49.860 +people have personal post-it notes where + +01:08:49.860 --> 01:08:51.640 +although the documents are shared between + +01:08:51.640 --> 01:08:53.020 +everyone, when there's some kind of system + +01:08:53.020 --> 01:08:55.320 +locally on their computer where they can + +01:08:55.320 --> 01:08:57.340 +add post-it notes to the files that + +01:08:57.340 --> 01:08:59.300 +represent their own files. Right. Well, if + +01:08:59.300 --> 01:09:01.080 +we're imagining this as a web-based thing, + +01:09:01.200 --> 01:09:03.360 +people should be able to create their own + +01:09:03.360 --> 01:09:05.220 +sub-collections. People should be able to + +01:09:05.220 --> 01:09:06.620 +have their own sets of bookmarks, + +01:09:06.720 --> 01:09:08.520 +obviously, and do sort of personalized + +01:09:08.520 --> 01:09:12.440 +subsets of the project files. We've got a + +01:09:12.440 --> 01:09:14.040 +lot of post-its in the project files. + +01:09:14.120 --> 01:09:16.040 +We've been very conscientious about + +01:09:16.040 --> 01:09:18.200 +scanning everything, right? So we scan + +01:09:18.200 --> 01:09:21.520 +post-its, and sometimes if it's a post-it + +01:09:21.520 --> 01:09:23.740 +that obscures the document, we'll do it + +01:09:23.740 --> 01:09:25.660 +twice. So we'll have an image of the + +01:09:25.660 --> 01:09:27.140 +document with the Post-it and then the + +01:09:27.140 --> 01:09:29.660 +page behind it, right? But those sorts of + +01:09:29.660 --> 01:09:32.080 +things, you know, we take those seriously. + +01:09:33.700 --> 01:09:37.840 +Yeah? Have you started to gather any + +01:09:37.840 --> 01:09:40.160 +evidence on how people, without using both + +01:09:40.160 --> 01:09:42.340 +the paper files and the online version, + +01:09:42.500 --> 01:09:43.940 +are they starting, I mean, do you find + +01:09:43.940 --> 01:09:45.560 +them turning to search in one or the + +01:09:45.560 --> 01:09:48.700 +other? Yeah, I think it's too early to say + +01:09:48.700 --> 01:09:50.780 +that. We've been so focused on building + +01:09:50.780 --> 01:09:53.140 +this collection that we're just beginning. + +01:09:53.400 --> 01:09:55.160 +It's just now getting to the point where + +01:09:55.160 --> 01:09:59.260 +it's substantial enough. And it's, I think + +01:09:59.260 --> 01:10:01.720 +we're passing that threshold where we've + +01:10:01.720 --> 01:10:03.360 +got enough documents in the collection and + +01:10:03.360 --> 01:10:05.800 +it's going to be enough easier to find + +01:10:05.800 --> 01:10:08.480 +things in the collection than on paper + +01:10:08.480 --> 01:10:10.900 +that the search, you know, will really + +01:10:10.900 --> 01:10:13.780 +start. But that's where we're focused at + +01:10:13.780 --> 01:10:15.800 +the moment. And I think it's too soon to + +01:10:15.800 --> 01:10:18.500 +say. we've gotten reports of you know I + +01:10:18.500 --> 01:10:20.660 +found a document using your system that I + +01:10:20.660 --> 01:10:22.640 +hadn't been able to find but the sense I + +01:10:22.640 --> 01:10:27.420 +have is that it's still people probably go + +01:10:27.420 --> 01:10:29.760 +first to look for the thing on paper and + +01:10:29.760 --> 01:10:31.360 +then if they can't find it they go to the + +01:10:31.360 --> 01:10:35.260 +system we really have to get the system at + +01:10:35.260 --> 01:10:38.400 +much more sort of on people's desktops so + +01:10:38.400 --> 01:10:40.300 +that you know what we would put a bookmark + +01:10:40.300 --> 01:10:42.440 +on Dave's machine and and we've made + +01:10:42.440 --> 01:10:44.700 +little cheat sheets about how easy it is + +01:10:44.700 --> 01:10:47.020 +to do search. But people aren't quite into + +01:10:47.020 --> 01:10:49.180 +it yet. They still view the intern as the + +01:10:49.180 --> 01:10:51.080 +kind of, that they'll go to him and he'll + +01:10:51.080 --> 01:10:52.920 +do an online search for them. So we're, I + +01:10:52.920 --> 01:10:55.420 +think, very much still in that process. + +01:10:57.840 --> 01:11:01.320 +Right. Well, I think that's going to + +01:11:01.320 --> 01:11:03.220 +depend on the document. In some cases, I + +01:11:03.220 --> 01:11:05.240 +think they'll print it out. In some cases, + +01:11:05.240 --> 01:11:06.640 +they'll want to go back and find the + +01:11:06.640 --> 01:11:11.540 +original. Yeah. I saw images of drawing + +01:11:11.540 --> 01:11:16.480 +CAD files. Right, they actually handle + +01:11:16.480 --> 01:11:20.080 +their CAD files, their actual plans + +01:11:20.080 --> 01:11:22.760 +separately from the project files at this + +01:11:22.760 --> 01:11:26.780 +point. And so we don't have, we have some + +01:11:26.780 --> 01:11:32.720 +printouts of plans that have some + +01:11:32.720 --> 01:11:34.660 +historical relationship to the current + +01:11:34.660 --> 01:11:36.620 +project, but their actual working CAD + +01:11:36.620 --> 01:11:40.420 +files are treated totally separately and + +01:11:40.420 --> 01:11:44.340 +and are much more at this point online + +01:11:44.340 --> 01:11:49.420 +than the rest of these documents so not at + +01:11:49.420 --> 01:11:52.100 +this point but that's going to be + +01:11:52.100 --> 01:11:57.200 +important eventually to do that yeah you + +01:11:57.200 --> 01:11:59.020 +have been mentioning that there is the + +01:11:59.020 --> 01:12:01.740 +need a growing need to keep care of the + +01:12:01.740 --> 01:12:03.940 +coding I mean they're kind of this I There + +01:12:03.940 --> 01:12:05.300 +is a kind of these arrows of all this + +01:12:05.300 --> 01:12:08.980 +stuff. And when the project gets larger, + +01:12:10.380 --> 01:12:13.200 +do you foresee the need to have someone + +01:12:13.200 --> 01:12:15.320 +taking care of these arrows and then + +01:12:15.320 --> 01:12:18.240 +possibly undermining the economic benefits + +01:12:18.240 --> 01:12:20.980 +of such a system? Or the benefits in terms + +01:12:20.980 --> 01:12:23.740 +of, is that the engineers caring for these + +01:12:23.740 --> 01:12:26.020 +arrows will overcome the fact that someone + +01:12:26.020 --> 01:12:27.920 +will have to be professionally involved in + +01:12:27.920 --> 01:12:30.260 +keeping these arrows? I do think that in + +01:12:30.260 --> 01:12:32.520 +order to get the value from the system, + +01:12:32.520 --> 01:12:34.440 +there will need to be some human resources + +01:12:34.440 --> 01:12:39.260 +invested in, particularly in the ongoing + +01:12:39.260 --> 01:12:41.720 +modification and maintenance of the + +01:12:41.720 --> 01:12:43.580 +collection, the kinds of things where we + +01:12:43.580 --> 01:12:45.840 +want to make a substantial enough change + +01:12:45.840 --> 01:12:48.280 +to the classification scheme that + +01:12:48.280 --> 01:12:49.940 +something's got to run over the collection + +01:12:49.940 --> 01:12:53.280 +and bring it up to date. And I think that + +01:12:53.280 --> 01:12:55.820 +is a new role that's really going to be + +01:12:55.820 --> 01:12:59.040 +crucial, which I would see as a relatively + +01:12:59.040 --> 01:13:01.520 +small investment that has the potential of + +01:13:01.520 --> 01:13:03.560 +actually making the rest of the + +01:13:03.560 --> 01:13:06.320 +investment, you know, pay off. But those + +01:13:06.320 --> 01:13:08.440 +are the kinds of, I think, really hard + +01:13:08.440 --> 01:13:12.400 +issues, practical issues around getting a + +01:13:12.400 --> 01:13:16.280 +system like this really implemented in an + +01:13:16.280 --> 01:13:18.980 +organization. Do you know if there was + +01:13:18.980 --> 01:13:21.160 +someone in the past, before the cuts in + +01:13:21.160 --> 01:13:23.940 +the budgets, that would do this work, so + +01:13:23.940 --> 01:13:25.740 +the technology is bringing back a figure + +01:13:25.740 --> 01:13:28.020 +that was there? Well, in a way, there is + +01:13:28.020 --> 01:13:31.240 +a, for example, one of the engineers now + +01:13:31.240 --> 01:13:35.560 +keeps a copy of the UFS. Actually, he uses + +01:13:35.560 --> 01:13:37.140 +an Excel spreadsheet, which is + +01:13:37.140 --> 01:13:39.360 +interesting. I'm not quite sure why, but I + +01:13:39.360 --> 01:13:41.040 +think because he likes all the columns and + +01:13:41.040 --> 01:13:43.200 +rows and everything. And he actually goes + +01:13:43.200 --> 01:13:47.820 +in and edits that. And so what that would + +01:13:47.820 --> 01:13:51.420 +mean now is you'd get your new uniform + +01:13:51.420 --> 01:13:53.120 +filing system, and then you'd have to go + +01:13:53.120 --> 01:13:55.900 +back and make sure your binders were, you + +01:13:55.900 --> 01:13:57.820 +know, synchronized with that. So there is + +01:13:57.820 --> 01:13:59.500 +a kind of version of it now, but it + +01:13:59.500 --> 01:14:01.100 +involves a very different set of skills. + +01:14:01.200 --> 01:14:02.640 +And, you know, we're talking about some + +01:14:02.640 --> 01:14:04.840 +programming skills here that take you into + +01:14:04.840 --> 01:14:06.880 +whole other departments, you know, then + +01:14:06.880 --> 01:14:08.080 +you get into the information systems + +01:14:08.080 --> 01:14:10.440 +department and you're into an entirely new + +01:14:10.440 --> 01:14:13.620 +sort of place in the organization. So + +01:14:13.620 --> 01:14:16.940 +it's, yeah. Have you found picking up on + +01:14:16.940 --> 01:14:20.060 +that, have you found that formalizing the + +01:14:20.060 --> 01:14:23.120 +work processes and workflows, roles of the + +01:14:23.120 --> 01:14:25.720 +people help you in figuring out what kind + +01:14:25.720 --> 01:14:27.840 +of coding system would be helpful for + +01:14:27.840 --> 01:14:30.000 +work? My immediate answer is no. I guess I + +01:14:30.000 --> 01:14:32.900 +should think about it a little bit more. I + +01:14:32.900 --> 01:14:36.300 +mean, it's so dynamic. They're constantly + +01:14:36.300 --> 01:14:39.300 +negotiating their sort of working division + +01:14:39.300 --> 01:14:42.160 +of labor within the group. And I mean + +01:14:42.160 --> 01:14:44.380 +there are frameworks that come down from + +01:14:44.380 --> 01:14:48.380 +that centrally. There's a large procedure + +01:14:48.380 --> 01:14:52.500 +manual for projects at Caltrans, which is + +01:14:52.500 --> 01:14:55.720 +really a framework for here are the sort + +01:14:55.720 --> 01:15:00.400 +of basic components of what needs to shape + +01:15:00.400 --> 01:15:04.340 +a project. And then the lead engineers for + +01:15:04.340 --> 01:15:06.400 +the individual projects have a huge amount + +01:15:06.400 --> 01:15:08.260 +of discretion in the way that they + +01:15:08.260 --> 01:15:10.700 +organize their particular team, and that's + +01:15:10.700 --> 01:15:12.580 +changing all the time with the different + +01:15:12.580 --> 01:15:14.560 +phases of the project as they see what's + +01:15:14.560 --> 01:15:16.760 +working and what's not working. So I think + +01:15:16.760 --> 01:15:19.540 +it's such a moving target that you know a + +01:15:19.540 --> 01:15:21.700 +lot of what I've been talking about is + +01:15:21.700 --> 01:15:24.840 +trying to provide a kind of toolkit or a + +01:15:24.840 --> 01:15:29.040 +suite of resources that can be picked up + +01:15:29.040 --> 01:15:31.120 +and combined and recombined very flexibly + +01:15:31.120 --> 01:15:33.760 +and that that's essential because their + +01:15:33.760 --> 01:15:37.560 +own division of labor and their roles and + +01:15:37.560 --> 01:15:39.740 +the the organization of the work is so + +01:15:39.740 --> 01:15:43.680 +dynamic. So I'm not, in this kind of + +01:15:43.680 --> 01:15:45.900 +situation, I'm not much of a believer in, + +01:15:46.020 --> 01:15:48.400 +well, some of you know I'm not much of a + +01:15:48.400 --> 01:15:51.100 +believer in workflow, but definitely for + +01:15:51.100 --> 01:15:55.360 +this kind of work site. I guess I was + +01:15:55.360 --> 01:15:57.000 +thinking at the document level, thinking + +01:15:57.000 --> 01:16:00.660 +about workflows and uses. That would help + +01:16:00.660 --> 01:16:03.200 +you. And whether there is then some meta + +01:16:03.200 --> 01:16:05.480 +-models that would emerge. Well, I think + +01:16:05.480 --> 01:16:07.120 +the problem is that I think what you could + +01:16:07.120 --> 01:16:09.020 +come up with would be very schematic. It + +01:16:09.020 --> 01:16:10.740 +would be useful, but it would be very + +01:16:10.740 --> 01:16:15.740 +schematic. And the actual use would take + +01:16:15.740 --> 01:16:20.200 +you off into very sort of circumstantially + +01:16:20.200 --> 01:16:24.740 +organized cases that I mean, you know, at + +01:16:24.740 --> 01:16:28.340 +this point we haven't felt any need. I + +01:16:28.340 --> 01:16:29.600 +mean, there are obviously, you could come + +01:16:29.600 --> 01:16:32.980 +along and describe the organization of + +01:16:32.980 --> 01:16:37.440 +work that that's been set up in in a model + +01:16:37.440 --> 01:16:39.740 +but it's not clear to me what what value + +01:16:39.740 --> 01:16:40.700 +it would have at this point. + +01:16:44.140 --> 01:16:49.400 +I wanted to ask what are some of the what + +01:16:49.400 --> 01:16:51.400 +you might call the innovation to come in + +01:16:51.400 --> 01:16:54.220 +the scanner as a product. Just trying to + +01:16:54.220 --> 01:16:56.360 +get your impression. It's one of the more + +01:16:56.360 --> 01:16:59.180 +labor intensive parts in this process. + +01:16:59.500 --> 01:17:02.180 +Yeah. Yeah. Are we expecting some new + +01:17:02.180 --> 01:17:04.320 +product from Xerox to replace the scanner? + +01:17:06.480 --> 01:17:09.080 +Not that I can think of. I mean, scanners, + +01:17:09.220 --> 01:17:12.980 +I don't, you know, scanners are great. I'm + +01:17:12.980 --> 01:17:14.800 +a great fan of scanners at this point. I + +01:17:14.800 --> 01:17:17.520 +think the software that controls the + +01:17:17.520 --> 01:17:20.100 +scanner is critical. And I mean, I will + +01:17:20.100 --> 01:17:23.500 +definitely put in a plug for Pages. Pages + +01:17:23.500 --> 01:17:25.960 +Pro 2.0 is what we've been using. It's a + +01:17:25.960 --> 01:17:28.460 +wonderful application because it actually + +01:17:28.460 --> 01:17:29.880 +lets you see what you're doing. And it + +01:17:29.880 --> 01:17:33.700 +lets you go in and very, very easily you + +01:17:33.700 --> 01:17:37.860 +get a row of thumbnails. You can reorder + +01:17:37.860 --> 01:17:41.200 +them. You can rotate things so that you + +01:17:41.200 --> 01:17:46.040 +can very, very easily, manually, but very + +01:17:46.040 --> 01:17:50.320 +easily make sure that the online document + +01:17:50.320 --> 01:17:53.040 +that you scan actually looks the way that + +01:17:53.040 --> 01:17:55.320 +you want it to look. Now you can get, and + +01:17:55.320 --> 01:17:57.540 +actually Pages also has wonderful sort of + +01:17:57.540 --> 01:17:59.740 +automatic de-skewing, and you can watch + +01:17:59.740 --> 01:18:01.480 +that happen too. It's very entertaining. + +01:18:01.620 --> 01:18:03.180 +You sit there and you see your little + +01:18:03.180 --> 01:18:04.840 +document get scanned and come up, and then + +01:18:04.840 --> 01:18:07.380 +you see Pages align it, you know, fix its + +01:18:07.380 --> 01:18:09.380 +alignment, and you go, that's great, you + +01:18:09.380 --> 01:18:12.120 +know. So it's, I think it's a very, very + +01:18:12.120 --> 01:18:14.720 +nice piece of software because it, you + +01:18:14.720 --> 01:18:16.200 +know, as I say it makes everything that's + +01:18:16.200 --> 01:18:18.140 +happening so visible. You can even, you + +01:18:18.140 --> 01:18:20.260 +can both see the things that you need to + +01:18:20.260 --> 01:18:22.040 +see in order to do the stuff manually that + +01:18:22.040 --> 01:18:24.920 +you need to do and you can watch it doing + +01:18:24.920 --> 01:18:28.580 +what it's doing automatically. And, you + +01:18:28.580 --> 01:18:30.060 +know, you need some entertainment while + +01:18:30.060 --> 01:18:32.720 +you're doing this. So it's helpful. + +01:18:37.940 --> 01:18:40.680 +Any others? I think we've exhausted + +01:18:40.680 --> 01:18:44.940 +ourselves. Oh, oh. Everybody wants to go + +01:18:44.940 --> 01:18:47.780 +after. That didn't sound right, did it? + +01:18:47.820 --> 01:18:52.560 +I'm sorry. How do they maintain + +01:18:52.560 --> 01:18:55.420 +the integrity of the binder system so that + +01:18:55.420 --> 01:18:56.660 +you don't have everybody looking and + +01:18:56.660 --> 01:18:58.140 +saying, oh, I need that, and then just + +01:18:58.140 --> 01:19:00.060 +bring it to their desk? It's a problem. It + +01:19:00.060 --> 01:19:01.660 +may or may not get back into that binder, + +01:19:01.740 --> 01:19:04.260 +or it may not get back anywhere. It's a + +01:19:04.260 --> 01:19:06.120 +problem. It's a problem. It's a problem. + +01:19:06.220 --> 01:19:07.760 +It's a problem. And that's actually a + +01:19:07.760 --> 01:19:10.200 +problem, you know, again, this would help + +01:19:10.200 --> 01:19:13.200 +address, because you can print out a copy + +01:19:13.200 --> 01:19:14.540 +of the document and it's still there. + +01:19:14.540 --> 01:19:18.840 +there. All right. Thanks a lot. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/wz130pm0515_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/wz130pm0515_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..df2c8a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/wz130pm0515_sl_mp4.vtt-diff.html @@ -0,0 +1,1274 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

reference
transcript
f1All right.f1All right.
2Welcome to CS547.2Welcome to CS547.
3I've just got a few words of administrative stuff.3I've just got a few words of administrative stuff.
4The official sign-in list is right here.4The official sign-in list is right here.
5It should have everyone's name on it who was here last time.5It should have everyone's name on it who was here last time.
6Just give your signature next to it, and that should be enough.6Just give your signature next to it, and that should be enough.
7If you're not on the list, just put your name at the end.7If you're not on the list, just put your name at the end.
8And we've also had some problems in the past with the list sort of being stuck o8And we've also had some problems in the past with the list sort of being stuck o
>ver here.>ver here.
9So if you're holding the list over here and it's not going anywhere, make sure i9So if you're holding the list over here and it's not going anywhere, make sure i
>t gets over there because that seems to be a perpetual problem.>t gets over there because that seems to be a perpetual problem.
10And subbing for today is Karen Butler, and she's going to give an introduction.10And subbing for today is Karen Butler, and she's going to give an introduction.
11Yes, I'm substituting for Professor Winograd today.11Yes, I'm substituting for Professor Winograd today.
12and I just wanted to briefly introduce our speaker for today.12and I just wanted to briefly introduce our speaker for today.
13Lucy Suchman was one of the first to apply anthropology to the whole area of hum13Lucy Suchman was one of the first to apply anthropology to the whole area of hum
>an-computer interaction.>an-computer interaction.
14She is the author of Plans and Situated Actions, which came out of her dissertat14She is the author of Plans and Situated Actions, which came out of her dissertat
>ion work.>ion work.
15and she has been working at Xerox PARC for several years where she's head of the15and she has been working at Xerox PARC for several years where she's head of the
> is it product work practices area and where she's really an expert in work patt> is it product work practices area and where she's really an expert in work patt
>erns and applying this whole area so she's going to be speaking us to us today a>erns and applying this whole area so she's going to be speaking us to us today a
>bout some of her work in this area thank you OK.>bout some of her work in this area thank you OK.
16Oh, it's the left-right problem, I see.16Oh, it's the left-right problem, I see.
17I have to reverse the little clip.17I have to reverse the little clip.
18Okay, is that as it's supposed to be as far as you can tell?18Okay, is that as it's supposed to be as far as you can tell?
19Okay, my talk today is, the title is Putting Working Document Collections Online19Okay, my talk today is, the title is Putting Working Document Collections Online
>, and I'm going to use a current project that I'm involved with as a kind of ill>, and I'm going to use a current project that I'm involved with as a kind of ill
>ustration of the work that I and my colleagues at Xerox PARC have been doing, an>ustration of the work that I and my colleagues at Xerox PARC have been doing, an
>d this is very much a joint project with my colleagues Jeanette Blomberg, who's >d this is very much a joint project with my colleagues Jeanette Blomberg, who's 
>also an anthropologist, Randy Trigg, who's a computer scientist, and David Levy,>also an anthropologist, Randy Trigg, who's a computer scientist, and David Levy,
> who's a computer scientist.> who's a computer scientist.
20So this is a thoroughly collaborative effort that I'm presenting to you today.20So this is a thoroughly collaborative effort that I'm presenting to you today.
21And as you'll see, the title is Putting Working Document Collections Online.21And as you'll see, the title is Putting Working Document Collections Online.
22That's sort of the more general project, and then the more specific instance of 22That's sort of the more general project, and then the more specific instance of 
>it that I'm going to be talking about is located in a particular organization, n>it that I'm going to be talking about is located in a particular organization, n
>amely our beloved State Department of Transportation, Caltrans.>amely our beloved State Department of Transportation, Caltrans.
23And you'll hear a lot more about that as I go along.23And you'll hear a lot more about that as I go along.
24I wanted to start out by showing you one model of the problem of current design 24I wanted to start out by showing you one model of the problem of current design 
>practice and how to address it.>practice and how to address it.
25And I'm showing you this because this is not our model.25And I'm showing you this because this is not our model.
26And I'll let you digest it here.26And I'll let you digest it here.
27So this wonderful cartoon, which I like very much, posits a particular view of w27So this wonderful cartoon, which I like very much, posits a particular view of w
>hat the problem might be with existing design practice and how it might be corre>hat the problem might be with existing design practice and how it might be corre
>cted.>cted.
28And we're interested in viewing both sides of this in a very different way.28And we're interested in viewing both sides of this in a very different way.
29You know, we see this not as a behavioral problem of individual designers, but a29You know, we see this not as a behavioral problem of individual designers, but a
>s a very complex and multifaceted problem that really includes how design as a p>s a very complex and multifaceted problem that really includes how design as a p
>ractice is currently located within what I think are two self -contained sort of>ractice is currently located within what I think are two self -contained sort of
> insular environments environments and sort of overly professionalized world so > insular environments environments and sort of overly professionalized world so 
>that even designers, practicing designers who would really like to do things in >that even designers, practicing designers who would really like to do things in 
>a different way find it quite difficult to do that.>a different way find it quite difficult to do that.
30And it shifts from being a kind of a psychological problem to being a social pro30And it shifts from being a kind of a psychological problem to being a social pro
>blem and one that implicates I think a fairly broad range of forms of social cha>blem and one that implicates I think a fairly broad range of forms of social cha
>nge if we really want want to address it that have to do with how the working re>nge if we really want want to address it that have to do with how the working re
>lationships of technology production and use are currently organized.>lationships of technology production and use are currently organized.
31I'm not going to elaborate on that today, but that's kind of a framing for how w31I'm not going to elaborate on that today, but that's kind of a framing for how w
>e're looking at the question of design practice and potential changes and improv>e're looking at the question of design practice and potential changes and improv
>ements to it.>ements to it.
32And let me give you, just to continue the prelude here a little bit longer, anot32And let me give you, just to continue the prelude here a little bit longer, anot
>her kind of motivating view of our motivating problem.>her kind of motivating view of our motivating problem.
33Any of you who have heard me talk before have probably seen this slide because I33Any of you who have heard me talk before have probably seen this slide because I
>'m very fond of it.>'m very fond of it.
34I apologize for any repetition.34I apologize for any repetition.
35But it's an image that's taken from an ad in a computing magazine a few years ba35But it's an image that's taken from an ad in a computing magazine a few years ba
>ck.>ck.
36and the question that it asks is why do this at the top you have the sort of pro36and the question that it asks is why do this at the top you have the sort of pro
>verbial paper napkin on which brilliant ideas have been scribbled over the cours>verbial paper napkin on which brilliant ideas have been scribbled over the cours
>e of a lunch and so the question is why do this use a paper napkin when you can >e of a lunch and so the question is why do this use a paper napkin when you can 
>do this and it's a little hard to see but we've got these two guys sitting at a >do this and it's a little hard to see but we've got these two guys sitting at a 
>very small table and they have a laptop in between them and of course it's not c>very small table and they have a laptop in between them and of course it's not c
>lear you know where they would put their lunch or their napkins or whatever but >lear you know where they would put their lunch or their napkins or whatever but 
>you know it's a little bit of poetic or artistic license here.>you know it's a little bit of poetic or artistic license here.
37And the project that we've taken on, I think of it as taking this as a serious q37And the project that we've taken on, I think of it as taking this as a serious q
>uestion.>uestion.
38So rather than treating it as a kind of rhetorical question, as I think the writ38So rather than treating it as a kind of rhetorical question, as I think the writ
>ers of this ad copy do, you know, the answer to this question is self-evident, w>ers of this ad copy do, you know, the answer to this question is self-evident, w
>e're saying, well, you know, what might be the reasons that you would do this gi>e're saying, well, you know, what might be the reasons that you would do this gi
>ven the opportunity to do that?>ven the opportunity to do that?
39And that starts by taking existing artifacts seriously.39And that starts by taking existing artifacts seriously.
40Paper napkins as, you know, for us an extremely relevant artifact in so far as, 40Paper napkins as, you know, for us an extremely relevant artifact in so far as, 
>in this case, it's been turned into a document.>in this case, it's been turned into a document.
41And that's what we're interested in at Xerox.41And that's what we're interested in at Xerox.
42But so let's start by seeing what are the media that people are using at present42But so let's start by seeing what are the media that people are using at present
>.>.
43And what are the particular resources that those media provide?43And what are the particular resources that those media provide?
44and have that as a background that informs the answer to the question, how is th44and have that as a background that informs the answer to the question, how is th
>e introduction of new media, how does the introduction of new media relate to th>e introduction of new media, how does the introduction of new media relate to th
>e use of existing media?>e use of existing media?
45So we want to take it as a serious question.45So we want to take it as a serious question.
46We also want to, again, I think that this image assumes that we're in a situatio46We also want to, again, I think that this image assumes that we're in a situatio
>n where we're going from one medium to the next.>n where we're going from one medium to the next.
47So it's going to be a wholesale displacement transformation.47So it's going to be a wholesale displacement transformation.
48this is the paperless office sort of fantasy.48this is the paperless office sort of fantasy.
49And instead, we're going to assume that we are now and will continue to be livin49And instead, we're going to assume that we are now and will continue to be livin
>g in a world made up of multiple media.>g in a world made up of multiple media.
50That for a lot of both practical reasons, paper is going to be staying around.50That for a lot of both practical reasons, paper is going to be staying around.
51It's just tremendously, there's a very, very extensive investment in paper media51It's just tremendously, there's a very, very extensive investment in paper media
> that can't be transformed overnight.> that can't be transformed overnight.
52night and also of course as people like my colleagues Abby Sellin and Richard Ha52night and also of course as people like my colleagues Abby Sellin and Richard Ha
>rper at the Cambridge lab of Xerox have pointed out paper has certain affordance>rper at the Cambridge lab of Xerox have pointed out paper has certain affordance
>s that are that are quite powerful and effective so for both practical reasons a>s that are that are quite powerful and effective so for both practical reasons a
>nd because paper is a useful medium we are going to continue to live in a world >nd because paper is a useful medium we are going to continue to live in a world 
>that's made up of multiple media and the sense I have is that you know we might >that's made up of multiple media and the sense I have is that you know we might 
>just be becoming sophisticated enough technologically that we can actually desig>just be becoming sophisticated enough technologically that we can actually desig
>n for a world that includes both paper and digital media and that involves of co>n for a world that includes both paper and digital media and that involves of co
>urse making it much easier for people to move between those media so that's the >urse making it much easier for people to move between those media so that's the 
>goal is supporting multiple media and and relations between them rather than you>goal is supporting multiple media and and relations between them rather than you
> know transforming ourselves from paper to digital.> know transforming ourselves from paper to digital.
53And then finally the kind of reworking that we want to do of this image is rathe53And then finally the kind of reworking that we want to do of this image is rathe
>r than taking the artifacts, the technologies that we're interested in as these >r than taking the artifacts, the technologies that we're interested in as these 
>objects floating in white space as they are so nicely here, we want to locate th>objects floating in white space as they are so nicely here, we want to locate th
>em in the environments where they're actually going to be used.>em in the environments where they're actually going to be used.
54And that means going out into work sites and seeing how it is that people are ac54And that means going out into work sites and seeing how it is that people are ac
>tually using the artifacts and the technologies that we're interested in in the >tually using the artifacts and the technologies that we're interested in in the 
>course of their everyday activities.>course of their everyday activities.
55Okay, so with that kind of background, what I'm going to try to do in the time t55Okay, so with that kind of background, what I'm going to try to do in the time t
>hat remains is first a little bit of an introduction, again, to give you a sense>hat remains is first a little bit of an introduction, again, to give you a sense
> of a couple of general aspects of the approach that we're taking.> of a couple of general aspects of the approach that we're taking.
56The first, what we're calling case-based prototyping, which I'll explain, and th56The first, what we're calling case-based prototyping, which I'll explain, and th
>en this idea of working document collections.>en this idea of working document collections.
57And then having sort of talked briefly about those two general ideas, move into 57And then having sort of talked briefly about those two general ideas, move into 
>the specific project that we're involved with at Caltrans, and in particular our>the specific project that we're involved with at Caltrans, and in particular our
> work with their project files, and then the prototype that we've developed to a> work with their project files, and then the prototype that we've developed to a
>ddress the problems that we've found.>ddress the problems that we've found.
58Okay, so first of all case-based prototypes.58Okay, so first of all case-based prototypes.
59This is another kind of framing image for the work that we're doing, which is fo59This is another kind of framing image for the work that we're doing, which is fo
>cused on this idea of the project of design being artful integration.>cused on this idea of the project of design being artful integration.
60that increasingly design is as much if not more about embedding artifacts and te60that increasingly design is as much if not more about embedding artifacts and te
>chnologies new in new ways into existing environments as it is about inventing t>chnologies new in new ways into existing environments as it is about inventing t
>hings completely de novo so and the things that we're trying to integrate are bo>hings completely de novo so and the things that we're trying to integrate are bo
>th to integrate the technology both with the activities that people are engaged >th to integrate the technology both with the activities that people are engaged 
>in with their work practices and with the rest of their technology environment.>in with their work practices and with the rest of their technology environment.
61And a sort of center for that for us is what we're calling case-based prototypes61And a sort of center for that for us is what we're calling case-based prototypes
>.>.
62Case-based because these are prototypes that actually incorporate real work, som62Case-based because these are prototypes that actually incorporate real work, som
>e understanding of real work practices and work materials into them in contrast >e understanding of real work practices and work materials into them in contrast 
>to some of the demonstration prototypes that we have around that take some kind >to some of the demonstration prototypes that we have around that take some kind 
>of a generic corpus of materials and try to show what it would be like to work w>of a generic corpus of materials and try to show what it would be like to work w
>ith the system.>ith the system.
63And our experience is that when people are assessing a prototype that actually h63And our experience is that when people are assessing a prototype that actually h
>as their documents in it, their work materials, they have a base for doing that >as their documents in it, their work materials, they have a base for doing that 
>assessment that's much, much richer than if they're looking at the Encyclopedia >assessment that's much, much richer than if they're looking at the Encyclopedia 
>Britannica or something that we all kind of recognize but none of us is actively>Britannica or something that we all kind of recognize but none of us is actively
> engaged with.> engaged with.
64So it strengthens the grounds on which people can assess the prototype.64So it strengthens the grounds on which people can assess the prototype.
65And then the other piece of integration that we're trying to do in our prototype65And then the other piece of integration that we're trying to do in our prototype
>s is to bring together the work that people are doing with both emerging park te>s is to bring together the work that people are doing with both emerging park te
>chnologies and existing Xerox technologies.>chnologies and existing Xerox technologies.
66So we're trying to configure, sort of craft together an interesting relationship66So we're trying to configure, sort of craft together an interesting relationship
> between those things, and the prototype is the manifestation, the demonstration> between those things, and the prototype is the manifestation, the demonstration
> of that.> of that.
67And the particular focus for us has been this relationship between paper and dig67And the particular focus for us has been this relationship between paper and dig
>ital media, both the kinds of translations that we have to enable between the tw>ital media, both the kinds of translations that we have to enable between the tw
>o and also the kind of cohabitations that we want them to be able to do.>o and also the kind of cohabitations that we want them to be able to do.
68What does it mean to live in a world where some of your documents are on paper, 68What does it mean to live in a world where some of your documents are on paper, 
>some are online, they're shifting back and forth across that border?>some are online, they're shifting back and forth across that border?
69How do you maintain the coherence across media in that kind of situation?69How do you maintain the coherence across media in that kind of situation?
70And then given the general strategy of case-based prototyping, the focus that we70And then given the general strategy of case-based prototyping, the focus that we
>'ve taken recently has been this idea of working document collections.>'ve taken recently has been this idea of working document collections.
71And here's a sort of set of defining is probably too strong a term, but characte71And here's a sort of set of defining is probably too strong a term, but characte
>rizing criteria for those.>rizing criteria for those.
72Basically, what we mean by working collections are the documents that are in bet72Basically, what we mean by working collections are the documents that are in bet
>ween the documents that are on your desk at any given moment.>ween the documents that are on your desk at any given moment.
73Although for most of us, I think many of the documents on our desk should be in 73Although for most of us, I think many of the documents on our desk should be in 
>our working collection.>our working collection.
74But the idealized view is that you have this sort of three-part division.74But the idealized view is that you have this sort of three-part division.
75You've got your active documents on your desk.75You've got your active documents on your desk.
76You've got documents that are often in archives somewhere, filed some distance f76You've got documents that are often in archives somewhere, filed some distance f
>rom your office.>rom your office.
77And then you've got your working document collections, the canonical form of thi77And then you've got your working document collections, the canonical form of thi
>s is your file cabinets.>s is your file cabinets.
78And our premise is that many organizations have a tremendous investment in docum78And our premise is that many organizations have a tremendous investment in docum
>ent collections that have this character, and that there's a large opportunity i>ent collections that have this character, and that there's a large opportunity i
>n finding ways to help people partly migrate those collections online, partly in>n finding ways to help people partly migrate those collections online, partly in
>tegrate those collections with their with their online document repositories the>tegrate those collections with their with their online document repositories the
> the documents that get into this these collections are selectively saved by peo> the documents that get into this these collections are selectively saved by peo
>ple with the idea that they're going to be useful either as a reference or maybe>ple with the idea that they're going to be useful either as a reference or maybe
> actually to be reused in some way in the future and and very importantly you ca> actually to be reused in some way in the future and and very importantly you ca
>n it's very difficult to predict what the value of any given document is going t>n it's very difficult to predict what the value of any given document is going t
>o be in advance you couldn't go through most most file cabinets and definitely t>o be in advance you couldn't go through most most file cabinets and definitely t
>he collection that I'm going to be talking about at Caltrans and weight the docu>he collection that I'm going to be talking about at Caltrans and weight the docu
>ments according to their value because the value of the document is tied to its >ments according to their value because the value of the document is tied to its 
>availability at the moment when it's needed.>availability at the moment when it's needed.
79It becomes valuable in relation to some ongoing activity.79It becomes valuable in relation to some ongoing activity.
80So it's this contingent value that depends much more on the accessibility of the80So it's this contingent value that depends much more on the accessibility of the
> document in relation to the activity than on its intrinsic characteristics.> document in relation to the activity than on its intrinsic characteristics.
81The The documents in the collections that we're looking at are very diverse, bot81The The documents in the collections that we're looking at are very diverse, bot
>h in quality, they include everything from documents that have been faxed three >h in quality, they include everything from documents that have been faxed three 
>times and photocopied to very, very nice, cleanly printed ASCII documents, and a>times and photocopied to very, very nice, cleanly printed ASCII documents, and a
>lso very variable in format, and I'll show you more of that.>lso very variable in format, and I'll show you more of that.
82The thing that interests us about that is, again, a sense that when we look at t82The thing that interests us about that is, again, a sense that when we look at t
>he document repositories that are often used in research, they tend to be rather>he document repositories that are often used in research, they tend to be rather
> homogeneous.> homogeneous.
83So people who are doing different aspects of document image and document recogni83So people who are doing different aspects of document image and document recogni
>tion and document retrieval work are working with these sort of standard corpora>tion and document retrieval work are working with these sort of standard corpora
>.>.
84And when we look at these real world corpora, they have different characteristic84And when we look at these real world corpora, they have different characteristic
>s that pose some interesting problems and challenges.>s that pose some interesting problems and challenges.
85Document research, document search through these collections relies very heavily85Document research, document search through these collections relies very heavily
> on their visual characteristics.> on their visual characteristics.
86I mean this is just a simple observation that when you go to your paper file cab86I mean this is just a simple observation that when you go to your paper file cab
>inet, you get a huge amount of information from being able to scan the visual or>inet, you get a huge amount of information from being able to scan the visual or
>ganization of the folders, to open up a folder and scan through the documents th>ganization of the folders, to open up a folder and scan through the documents th
>at are in there.>at are in there.
87And so images, we have a very strong emphasis as you'll see on preserving docume87And so images, we have a very strong emphasis as you'll see on preserving docume
>nt images.>nt images.
88Shared access to the collection is facilitated by its creator.88Shared access to the collection is facilitated by its creator.
89These are collections that generally, you know, they're owned by somebody and th89These are collections that generally, you know, they're owned by somebody and th
>at person acts, to the extent that the collections are shared, that person acts >at person acts, to the extent that the collections are shared, that person acts 
>effectively as a kind of librarian for the collection.>effectively as a kind of librarian for the collection.
90And there are really interesting issues then if you're moving those collections 90And there are really interesting issues then if you're moving those collections 
>online, giving people distributed access, what happens to the role of the owner >online, giving people distributed access, what happens to the role of the owner 
>or the collector of the corpus.>or the collector of the corpus.
91And then finally, it's important that you can get to these things easily, becaus91And then finally, it's important that you can get to these things easily, becaus
>e often these are documents that, as I said, you need them in the midst of an on>e often these are documents that, as I said, you need them in the midst of an on
>going activity, and if you can't get a hold of them, you're going to work around>going activity, and if you can't get a hold of them, you're going to work around
> it in some way.> it in some way.
92You're not going to send off and wait a couple of days to get them back.92You're not going to send off and wait a couple of days to get them back.
93Yeah?93Yeah?
94Just for a point of clarification, so if we're talking about a facility design, 94Just for a point of clarification, so if we're talking about a facility design, 
>during the actual design process, the documents will be active, whereas once the>during the actual design process, the documents will be active, whereas once the
> facility was complete and it goes to management phase, it would be a working co> facility was complete and it goes to management phase, it would be a working co
>llection?>llection?
95No, no.95No, no.
96No, I mean, I'm glad you asked that question because it's very much not tied to 96No, I mean, I'm glad you asked that question because it's very much not tied to 
>across a project.>across a project.
97Documents move from active to working status in a very dynamic way.97Documents move from active to working status in a very dynamic way.
98I'm thinking more of when a document is on your desk and you're working with it,98I'm thinking more of when a document is on your desk and you're working with it,
> it's active, and when you stick it in your filing cabinet, it's in your working> it's active, and when you stick it in your filing cabinet, it's in your working
> collection.> collection.
99And in the case that we're looking at, as you'll see, things are coming in and o99And in the case that we're looking at, as you'll see, things are coming in and o
>ut of the collection all the time.>ut of the collection all the time.
100So it's more dynamic than that.100So it's more dynamic than that.
101Okay, alright so where are we?101Okay, alright so where are we?
102We're actually spending most of our time in Oakland at Caltrans District 4 headq102We're actually spending most of our time in Oakland at Caltrans District 4 headq
>uarters, which is the district that's responsible for the entire Bay area, basic>uarters, which is the district that's responsible for the entire Bay area, basic
>ally all the roads and the toll bridges in the Bay area.>ally all the roads and the toll bridges in the Bay area.
103And within the District 4 headquarters, we're working with a particular project 103And within the District 4 headquarters, we're working with a particular project 
>team.>team.
104And if people are interested, I mean there are a lot of practical things to be s104And if people are interested, I mean there are a lot of practical things to be s
>aid about how we got into Caltrans, how once we got to Caltrans we sort of found>aid about how we got into Caltrans, how once we got to Caltrans we sort of found
> our way to this particular project.> our way to this particular project.
105Having to do with, again, the practicalities of sort of crafting a manageable an105Having to do with, again, the practicalities of sort of crafting a manageable an
>d relevant project.>d relevant project.
106But we are working with the team of engineers who are involved in doing a replac106But we are working with the team of engineers who are involved in doing a replac
>ement bridge over the Carcuna Straits, which are in the north part of the San Fr>ement bridge over the Carcuna Straits, which are in the north part of the San Fr
>ancisco Bay.>ancisco Bay.
107and these are, some of you have probably driven across these two bridges, they'r107and these are, some of you have probably driven across these two bridges, they'r
>e a pair of old trestle bridges.>e a pair of old trestle bridges.
108This one on your right was built in 1927 and the other one was built in 1958.108This one on your right was built in 1927 and the other one was built in 1958.
109And what's happened is while there's not any new bridge building going on in the109And what's happened is while there's not any new bridge building going on in the
> Bay Area, there are funds for seismic retrofitting.> Bay Area, there are funds for seismic retrofitting.
110And Caltrans has made the argument that they're going to retrofit the 58 bridge,110And Caltrans has made the argument that they're going to retrofit the 58 bridge,
> but the 27 bridge is sufficiently old and out of date that it doesn't make sens> but the 27 bridge is sufficiently old and out of date that it doesn't make sens
>e to retrofit it.>e to retrofit it.
111So they have proposed replacement as a retrofit strategy, which is a phrase I li111So they have proposed replacement as a retrofit strategy, which is a phrase I li
>ke very much.>ke very much.
112And that means that they can take funds that have been allocated for seismic ret112And that means that they can take funds that have been allocated for seismic ret
>rofitting and use them to build a new bridge, which is what engineers most like >rofitting and use them to build a new bridge, which is what engineers most like 
>to do.>to do.
113So they are actually going to take down the old 27 bridge and put up a new one.113So they are actually going to take down the old 27 bridge and put up a new one.
114And that's the project that we've been following for the last couple of years th114And that's the project that we've been following for the last couple of years th
>rough, up until now it's largely been what they call the design phase, the envir>rough, up until now it's largely been what they call the design phase, the envir
>onmental phase, where they're going out and doing all of the environmental impac>onmental phase, where they're going out and doing all of the environmental impac
>t assessments and basically getting permission to go ahead with the project.>t assessments and basically getting permission to go ahead with the project.
115And they're just now moving into the design phase.115And they're just now moving into the design phase.
116Now within, as fascinating as the bridge is, and we've spent a lot of time doing116Now within, as fascinating as the bridge is, and we've spent a lot of time doing
> things like following them to town meetings in Crockett where they have talked > things like following them to town meetings in Crockett where they have talked 
>to the local citizens about the project.>to the local citizens about the project.
117For us as anthropologists this is an opportunity to do some very wonderful ethno117For us as anthropologists this is an opportunity to do some very wonderful ethno
>graphy of how a bridge gets built and relations between engineers and citizens a>graphy of how a bridge gets built and relations between engineers and citizens a
>nd that sort of thing.>nd that sort of thing.
118But for us in our capacity as park researchers doing a prototyping project, the 118But for us in our capacity as park researchers doing a prototyping project, the 
>focus has been on what are called the project files.>focus has been on what are called the project files.
119And project files are collections that are maintained by every engineering team 119And project files are collections that are maintained by every engineering team 
>at Caltrans.>at Caltrans.
120It's an obligatory collection that you have to create that is basically a cumula120It's an obligatory collection that you have to create that is basically a cumula
>tive collection of relevant documents that are created and acquired over the cou>tive collection of relevant documents that are created and acquired over the cou
>rse of a project.>rse of a project.
121And as you can see they are currently kept on paper in three ring binders.121And as you can see they are currently kept on paper in three ring binders.
122And I'll tell you more about them but just to say that one of the things that, y122And I'll tell you more about them but just to say that one of the things that, y
>ou know, when we were again sort of in terms of how a project like ours gets des>ou know, when we were again sort of in terms of how a project like ours gets des
>igned, when we were starting to talk with the project team about what they were >igned, when we were starting to talk with the project team about what they were 
>up to and how we might do some interesting kind of collaboration together, toget>up to and how we might do some interesting kind of collaboration together, toget
>her, we realized that the project files were another instance of what we're call>her, we realized that the project files were another instance of what we're call
>ing working document collection and that we had worked with it with an interesti>ing working document collection and that we had worked with it with an interesti
>ngly similar and different collection in our previous project, which was in a la>ngly similar and different collection in our previous project, which was in a la
>w firm, where we worked with a particular attorney taking, again, a paper collec>w firm, where we worked with a particular attorney taking, again, a paper collec
>tion of his documents and moving them online, exploring what it would mean to mo>tion of his documents and moving them online, exploring what it would mean to mo
>ve them online.>ve them online.
123So it was for us a way of building on our previous projects, of bringing togethe123So it was for us a way of building on our previous projects, of bringing togethe
>r the specifics of this particular work site and its practices with a more sort >r the specifics of this particular work site and its practices with a more sort 
>of cumulative general understanding of how these kinds of collections work.>of cumulative general understanding of how these kinds of collections work.
124work.124work.
125And the other thing that struck us was, again, as in the law firm collection, th125And the other thing that struck us was, again, as in the law firm collection, th
>e tremendous heterogeneity of the documents that are in the project files.>e tremendous heterogeneity of the documents that are in the project files.
126They include a lot of general business documents, letters and memos and reports 126They include a lot of general business documents, letters and memos and reports 
>and spreadsheets and tables and that sort of thing.>and spreadsheets and tables and that sort of thing.
127And then also things like newspaper clippings.127And then also things like newspaper clippings.
128So they clip you know, articles that come out about Caltrans that are relevant t128So they clip you know, articles that come out about Caltrans that are relevant t
>o the project.>o the project.
129And then a lot of interesting more engineering specific documents, maps, and pla129And then a lot of interesting more engineering specific documents, maps, and pla
>ns of various kinds, all ingeniously folded to fit in an 8.5 by 11 inch binder.>ns of various kinds, all ingeniously folded to fit in an 8.5 by 11 inch binder.
130So we've got documents of, you know, a lot of different kinds of genre and forma130So we've got documents of, you know, a lot of different kinds of genre and forma
>t, and a lot of different sizes and that sort of thing.>t, and a lot of different sizes and that sort of thing.
131So the question is, you know, how are you actually going to deal with this when 131So the question is, you know, how are you actually going to deal with this when 
>you're thinking of moving this collection from one medium to another?>you're thinking of moving this collection from one medium to another?
132The other thing that fascinated us was that in spite of the tremendous heterogen132The other thing that fascinated us was that in spite of the tremendous heterogen
>eity of these documents, they were all to be filed according to the Caltrans Uni>eity of these documents, they were all to be filed according to the Caltrans Uni
>form Filing System, which as a piece of classification is a really, really inter>form Filing System, which as a piece of classification is a really, really inter
>esting artifact in its own right.>esting artifact in its own right.
133The Caltrans Uniform Filing System is a basically hierarchically nested set of c133The Caltrans Uniform Filing System is a basically hierarchically nested set of c
>ategories that are in principle to be used throughout Caltrans.>ategories that are in principle to be used throughout Caltrans.
134It's really interesting when you start to look at the Uniform Filing System how 134It's really interesting when you start to look at the Uniform Filing System how 
>incredibly dynamic it becomes.>incredibly dynamic it becomes.
135It changes both, it's changed from the sort of central headquarters and then it'135It changes both, it's changed from the sort of central headquarters and then it'
>s changed, it's, you know, with permission customized locally.>s changed, it's, you know, with permission customized locally.
136And so I'll talk more about that when I tell you about the prototype, but the un136And so I'll talk more about that when I tell you about the prototype, but the un
>iform filing system turns out to be in fact a constantly sort of shifting and tr>iform filing system turns out to be in fact a constantly sort of shifting and tr
>ansformed set of categorization scheme.>ansformed set of categorization scheme.
137Another interesting thing about it from the point of view of classification is t137Another interesting thing about it from the point of view of classification is t
>hat it's got all these different interests in it.>hat it's got all these different interests in it.
138Partly it's organized by the kind of phases of a project, so it's orienting to p138Partly it's organized by the kind of phases of a project, so it's orienting to p
>roducing a kind of archival historical record at the end of the project.>roducing a kind of archival historical record at the end of the project.
139It's also oriented to the types of documents, so whether it's correspondence or 139It's also oriented to the types of documents, so whether it's correspondence or 
>reports of various kinds, it's oriented to topical issues.>reports of various kinds, it's oriented to topical issues.
140and all of these different cross-cutting interests are sort of homogenized and f140and all of these different cross-cutting interests are sort of homogenized and f
>lattened in in this apparently straightforward hierarchical system but of course>lattened in in this apparently straightforward hierarchical system but of course
> when you actually go to file documents you run into into that and I'll show you> when you actually go to file documents you run into into that and I'll show you
> more about that there are there is a perceived problem around around getting do> more about that there are there is a perceived problem around around getting do
>cuments into the project files.>cuments into the project files.
141It is a perpetual trouble for people.141It is a perpetual trouble for people.
142For all sorts of reasons, certainly in part, I think part of the reason that we'142For all sorts of reasons, certainly in part, I think part of the reason that we'
>re all so behind in our filing is that it's not a straightforward task.>re all so behind in our filing is that it's not a straightforward task.
143For any given document, there are so many possible ways of filing it.143For any given document, there are so many possible ways of filing it.
144And so it's a hard problem, and as a consequence, things pile up.144And so it's a hard problem, and as a consequence, things pile up.
145And this is the two-file cardboard box sitting on the desk of the senior enginee145And this is the two-file cardboard box sitting on the desk of the senior enginee
>r.>r.
146So we became interested in understanding more about what actually is hard about 146So we became interested in understanding more about what actually is hard about 
>filing documents.>filing documents.
147Here's another activity which is typically seen as a completely mindless activit147Here's another activity which is typically seen as a completely mindless activit
>y, but which somehow when any of us actually goes to try to do it, opens out int>y, but which somehow when any of us actually goes to try to do it, opens out int
>o something more problematic and what's going on there.>o something more problematic and what's going on there.
148So what we did was we spent some time with the senior, The other thing I should 148So what we did was we spent some time with the senior, The other thing I should 
>say is that at Caltrans, as with many organizations, budgets have been cut.>say is that at Caltrans, as with many organizations, budgets have been cut.
149There's very little administrative support.149There's very little administrative support.
150The engineers themselves are responsible for doing the filing of their documents150The engineers themselves are responsible for doing the filing of their documents
>.>.
151So we spent some time with the senior project engineer, sitting with him while h151So we spent some time with the senior project engineer, sitting with him while h
>e worked on trying to file some of these documents that were on his desk that he>e worked on trying to file some of these documents that were on his desk that he
> wanted to get into the project files.> wanted to get into the project files.
152And this is my colleague Randy watching sympathetically as Dave sort of talks hi152And this is my colleague Randy watching sympathetically as Dave sort of talks hi
>s way through some filing.>s way through some filing.
153And at this point I want to show you a videotape if we're queued up.153And at this point I want to show you a videotape if we're queued up.
154I'm going to show you a few little bits of recorded Dave filing.154I'm going to show you a few little bits of recorded Dave filing.
155And in the first one, let me just orient you a little bit to what you're going t155And in the first one, let me just orient you a little bit to what you're going t
>o see.>o see.
156Well, I'll show it to you and then just point out what I think are some of the i156Well, I'll show it to you and then just point out what I think are some of the i
>nteresting issues.>nteresting issues.
157And here's a transcript in case you have any trouble hearing.157And here's a transcript in case you have any trouble hearing.
158Can I show the overhead and the tape at the same time or should we?158Can I show the overhead and the tape at the same time or should we?
159I feel I'm talking to some unknown assistant here.159I feel I'm talking to some unknown assistant here.
160Over there, right?160Over there, right?
161I can't.161I can't.
162Okay.162Okay.
163So we'll just look at the tape and then I'll put the transcript up.163So we'll just look at the tape and then I'll put the transcript up.
164store these things you know like for instance this one right here it's our lette164store these things you know like for instance this one right here it's our lette
>r to the FHWA regarding consultation for the Endangered Species Act so there's a>r to the FHWA regarding consultation for the Endangered Species Act so there's a
> permit involved environmental is involved the federal FHWA is involved external> permit involved environmental is involved the federal FHWA is involved external
> agencies so there's all these categories that can conceivably go under and I ha> agencies so there's all these categories that can conceivably go under and I ha
>ve to pick one.>ve to pick one.
165Then I have to go back and maybe search for because maybe I wasn't thinking the 165Then I have to go back and maybe search for because maybe I wasn't thinking the 
>same on the next time when I'm looking back.>same on the next time when I'm looking back.
166So that's why it'd be really cool if you know if you can enter these things one 166So that's why it'd be really cool if you know if you can enter these things one 
>like you had you said you could you could have a date or a title or Subject or k>like you had you said you could you could have a date or a title or Subject or k
>eyword or whatever.>eyword or whatever.
167That's why I think it'd be really handy because I'm sitting here and I'm going w167That's why I think it'd be really handy because I'm sitting here and I'm going w
>ell Correspondence to federal agencies.>ell Correspondence to federal agencies.
168Yeah, that's the one I think it is But it could easily be thrown underneath perm168Yeah, that's the one I think it is But it could easily be thrown underneath perm
>it.>it.
169And certainly my assessment may be different than the guy in the next aisle over169And certainly my assessment may be different than the guy in the next aisle over
>.>.
170Not when he's trying to fire a lady, when they're trying to find him.170Not when he's trying to fire a lady, when they're trying to find him.
171Okay, so.171Okay, so.
172I don't see what I thought I was looking.172I don't see what I thought I was looking.
173I'm going to show you one more.173I'm going to show you one more.
174Okay, so, you know, this is all really familiar and mundane stuff.174Okay, so, you know, this is all really familiar and mundane stuff.
175But, you know, it's stuff that we all know, but we've never figured out exactly 175But, you know, it's stuff that we all know, but we've never figured out exactly 
>what to do about it.>what to do about it.
176You know, we've got the problem.176You know, we've got the problem.
177you've got multiple alternative categories, any one of which could make sense de177you've got multiple alternative categories, any one of which could make sense de
>pending on how you reason about it.>pending on how you reason about it.
178Then you've got the problem of how do you align the way you're going to reason a178Then you've got the problem of how do you align the way you're going to reason a
>bout the document when you're filing it and the way you're going to be reasoning>bout the document when you're filing it and the way you're going to be reasoning
> about it when you go to look for it.> about it when you go to look for it.
179And Dave's uneasy feeling that if he comes up with one sort of logic right now f179And Dave's uneasy feeling that if he comes up with one sort of logic right now f
>or how to file it, he's trying to anticipate when he goes to look for this thing>or how to file it, he's trying to anticipate when he goes to look for this thing
>, how is he likely to be thinking about it.>, how is he likely to be thinking about it.
180And then finally he worries at the end about the obvious problem of whether the 180And then finally he worries at the end about the obvious problem of whether the 
>way he thinks about it is going to be the same as the way, you know, the guy or >way he thinks about it is going to be the same as the way, you know, the guy or 
>lady, as he says in the next cubicle, overthinks about it.>lady, as he says in the next cubicle, overthinks about it.
181So these are all, you know, familiar kinds of problems around cataloging and fil181So these are all, you know, familiar kinds of problems around cataloging and fil
>ing of documents.>ing of documents.
182Let me show you one more little clip now from the same session with Dave.182Let me show you one more little clip now from the same session with Dave.
183I guess I would stick it under floodplain evaluations.183I guess I would stick it under floodplain evaluations.
184Where was the other spot?184Where was the other spot?
185Drainage is usually done during the design phase, and we're not there yet.185Drainage is usually done during the design phase, and we're not there yet.
186So that's why I always pick...186So that's why I always pick...
187This is 4D2, 5D2.187This is 4D2, 5D2.
188But see, 231 is draft environmental document, which is pretty vague.188But see, 231 is draft environmental document, which is pretty vague.
189So I'll never find it.189So I'll never find it.
190I would probably be more inclined to stick it under drainage even though that's 190I would probably be more inclined to stick it under drainage even though that's 
>not where it belongs.>not where it belongs.
191I don't know what else.191I don't know what else.
192That's what I'm going to do.192That's what I'm going to do.
193I'm probably not doing it right, but that's what I would do.193I'm probably not doing it right, but that's what I would do.
194This is why your system would be nice.194This is why your system would be nice.
195So again, another sort of related set of problems here.195So again, another sort of related set of problems here.
196In the beginning here, he's looking through the uniform filing system itself.196In the beginning here, he's looking through the uniform filing system itself.
197itself is like an eight-page document.197itself is like an eight-page document.
198He's sitting there searching through the uniform filing system for the category 198He's sitting there searching through the uniform filing system for the category 
>that he's looking for that he thinks he wants to assign this document to.>that he's looking for that he thinks he wants to assign this document to.
199Again, he's worrying here about this misalignment between the kind of normative 199Again, he's worrying here about this misalignment between the kind of normative 
>chronological order of the classification scheme and the topical content of the >chronological order of the classification scheme and the topical content of the 
>document that he's got, which is about drainage, which has come up in terms of a>document that he's got, which is about drainage, which has come up in terms of a
>n evaluation of a floodplain in the environmental stage, but the drainage catego>n evaluation of a floodplain in the environmental stage, but the drainage catego
>ry is farther down in the design.>ry is farther down in the design.
200So how does he adjudicate that?200So how does he adjudicate that?
201And again, he's thinking here about how am I going to file it such that when I g201And again, he's thinking here about how am I going to file it such that when I g
>o to look for it, there's some hope that I'll actually find it.>o to look for it, there's some hope that I'll actually find it.
202Now let me show you a couple of clips around search.202Now let me show you a couple of clips around search.
203The clip I'm going to show you was a serendipitous recording that we were actual203The clip I'm going to show you was a serendipitous recording that we were actual
>ly up there installing a board on Dave's PC that would allow it to talk to our s>ly up there installing a board on Dave's PC that would allow it to talk to our s
>canner as we were putting together a prototype.>canner as we were putting together a prototype.
204And because we're interested in all of the grungy practical details around actua204And because we're interested in all of the grungy practical details around actua
>lly implementing a prototype, we were recording this, right?>lly implementing a prototype, we were recording this, right?
205So we're there in Dave's office and when the clip first starts, you're going to 205So we're there in Dave's office and when the clip first starts, you're going to 
>see my colleague Randy and one of their IS people under Dave's desk messing with>see my colleague Randy and one of their IS people under Dave's desk messing with
> his PC.> his PC.
206And so we're there recording and Dave comes in and he picks up the two file box 206And so we're there recording and Dave comes in and he picks up the two file box 
>off his desk and sits down and starts going through it.>off his desk and sits down and starts going through it.
207So I eventually pan back to actually see what it is that he's up to.207So I eventually pan back to actually see what it is that he's up to.
208And you're going to see three little segments with breaks between them.208And you're going to see three little segments with breaks between them.
209In the first, you'll hear a query from my colleague, Jeanette, to Dave about wha209In the first, you'll hear a query from my colleague, Jeanette, to Dave about wha
>t he's searching for.>t he's searching for.
210And he explains that he's looking for the documentation of an agreement between 210And he explains that he's looking for the documentation of an agreement between 
>a local agency and a local city and Caltrans around an aspect of their process.>a local agency and a local city and Caltrans around an aspect of their process.
211And then in the second, you'll see him find a document and sort of inspect it an211And then in the second, you'll see him find a document and sort of inspect it an
>d decide, apparently, that it's what he wants and set it aside.>d decide, apparently, that it's what he wants and set it aside.
212And then in the final one, we have a little exchange where he explains to us the212And then in the final one, we have a little exchange where he explains to us the
> uncertainties about what he's been looking for.> uncertainties about what he's been looking for.
213And there's this whole search.213And there's this whole search.
214I mean, he went through, you'll see when he finds the document, he's about two-t214I mean, he went through, you'll see when he finds the document, he's about two-t
>hirds of the way through the box.>hirds of the way through the box.
215So the whole thing probably went on for 15 minutes, I would say.215So the whole thing probably went on for 15 minutes, I would say.
216So here are these three little clips.216So here are these three little clips.
217Some old resolutions that East Virginia Regional Park and the city passed in sup217Some old resolutions that East Virginia Regional Park and the city passed in sup
>port of our mitigation project.>port of our mitigation project.
218Yeah, sure do.218Yeah, sure do.
219Exactly.219Exactly.
220Exactly.220Exactly.
221I don't know if the oven exists.221I don't know if the oven exists.
222Yeah, most of the time.222Yeah, most of the time.
223I don't think I actually got one of these things from the city.223I don't think I actually got one of these things from the city.
224So, at the beginning, as I said, he explains to us that he's looking for some ol224So, at the beginning, as I said, he explains to us that he's looking for some ol
>d resolutions, as he says, from the East Bay Regional Parks and the City.>d resolutions, as he says, from the East Bay Regional Parks and the City.
225So potentially, at the beginning, he's looking for two documents, one from each 225So potentially, at the beginning, he's looking for two documents, one from each 
>of these agencies.>of these agencies.
226And then when he talks to us about what he found, he explains, he says he's stil226And then when he talks to us about what he found, he explains, he says he's stil
>l going through, you saw him in the middle clip sort of pull out one document, s>l going through, you saw him in the middle clip sort of pull out one document, s
>et it to the side, and then keep going.>et it to the side, and then keep going.
227And then he announces happily to us that he actually found something and explain227And then he announces happily to us that he actually found something and explain
>s that now he's starting to wonder whether there is actually ever was a second d>s that now he's starting to wonder whether there is actually ever was a second d
>ocument.>ocument.
228So the question here is what do you know ahead of time about what you're looking228So the question here is what do you know ahead of time about what you're looking
> for when you're doing this kind of search?> for when you're doing this kind of search?
229And here's a case where Dave goes through the whole box on the possibility that 229And here's a case where Dave goes through the whole box on the possibility that 
>a document that may or may not exist was put in there by one of his colleagues.>a document that may or may not exist was put in there by one of his colleagues.
230And that's the kind of working with the material medium that's involved in the s230And that's the kind of working with the material medium that's involved in the s
>ort of problematic state of the project files at the moment.>ort of problematic state of the project files at the moment.
231So what we have been doing together with Dave and the rest of the engineering te231So what we have been doing together with Dave and the rest of the engineering te
>am is an exploration in what would it mean to put their collection online.>am is an exploration in what would it mean to put their collection online.
232And the prototype that we've built, we hear being used very loosely to refer to 232And the prototype that we've built, we hear being used very loosely to refer to 
>my colleague Randy Trigg, is called, it's built on top of a platform called the >my colleague Randy Trigg, is called, it's built on top of a platform called the 
>integrator because the idea of the integrator has been to try to build a platfor>integrator because the idea of the integrator has been to try to build a platfor
>m on which we can pull together as much stuff as possible into a useful configur>m on which we can pull together as much stuff as possible into a useful configur
>ation.>ation.
233We have our sort of basic approach in putting this prototype together is we want233We have our sort of basic approach in putting this prototype together is we want
> to require minimal overhead for filing.> to require minimal overhead for filing.
234You should be able to get documents into this collection with as little effort a234You should be able to get documents into this collection with as little effort a
>s possible.>s possible.
235And you'll see concretely what that means.235And you'll see concretely what that means.
236And then we want to provide, once you've gotten your document in there, and part236And then we want to provide, once you've gotten your document in there, and part
>icularly if you've put your document in with very, very minimal coding of any ki>icularly if you've put your document in with very, very minimal coding of any ki
>nd, we want to give you multiple opportunities to add more metadata to the docum>nd, we want to give you multiple opportunities to add more metadata to the docum
>ent.>ent.
237So we want you to be able to take a document that's in the, when you come across237So we want you to be able to take a document that's in the, when you come across
> a document that's in the collection, be able to add more metadata to it if you'> a document that's in the collection, be able to add more metadata to it if you'
>re inspired to do that.>re inspired to do that.
238And very importantly, as you'll see, the collection of metadata that's applicabl238And very importantly, as you'll see, the collection of metadata that's applicabl
>e has got to be modifiable.>e has got to be modifiable.
239You've got to be able to both go in and change the coding of a particular docume239You've got to be able to both go in and change the coding of a particular docume
>nt and then work with the overall set of metadata.>nt and then work with the overall set of metadata.
240data.240data.
241And then when it goes to look to come sign to look for documents we want there t241And then when it goes to look to come sign to look for documents we want there t
>o be multiple ways that you can go about looking for them.>o be multiple ways that you can go about looking for them.
242Trying to perpetuate some of the advantages of the paper world where where you c242Trying to perpetuate some of the advantages of the paper world where where you c
>an use a pretty wide repertoire of strategies for looking.>an use a pretty wide repertoire of strategies for looking.
243The basic scenario has been that you know first of all you get your document sca243The basic scenario has been that you know first of all you get your document sca
>nned into into a file and and then into a repository.>nned into into a file and and then into a repository.
244And then, of course, the rationale is that once you've got your documents online244And then, of course, the rationale is that once you've got your documents online
>, you can do things like do multiple categorization of a given document.>, you can do things like do multiple categorization of a given document.
245You don't have to worry about resolving those problems that Dave was struggling 245You don't have to worry about resolving those problems that Dave was struggling 
>with.>with.
n246You can look at the whole collection in different ways, which is something imposn246You can look at the whole collection in different ways, which is something that'
>sible for them to do at this point.>s impossible for them to do at this point.
247So you can look at the whole collection ordered by the document dates or the top247So you can look at the whole collection ordered by the document dates or the top
>ics.>ics.
248And I'll show you more about that.248And I'll show you more about that.
249you can still view and browse over the page images.249you can still view and browse over the page images.
250That's a place where we want to preserve what you've got now and maybe even enha250That's a place where we want to preserve what you've got now and maybe even enha
>nce it in some ways.>nce it in some ways.
251Obviously now you can do a full text search over the optically character recogni251Obviously now you can do a full text search over the optically character recogni
>zed text and we want you to be able to do combined searches so you throw in you >zed text and we want you to be able to do combined searches so you throw in you 
>know something that you know about a property that might have been assigned to t>know something that you know about a property that might have been assigned to t
>his document with a text stream string and also being able to search use the ima>his document with a text stream string and also being able to search use the ima
>ges as a resource and then obviously once you're online there's the possibility >ges as a resource and then obviously once you're online there's the possibility 
>of having distributed access to the collection so to sit at your desk and and ov>of having distributed access to the collection so to sit at your desk and and ov
>er the world wide web actually look at it and get a hold of things and then you >er the world wide web actually look at it and get a hold of things and then you 
>still have to be able to print your documents that's essential you know the idea>still have to be able to print your documents that's essential you know the idea
> there's simple idea we have is okay once Once you got documents online, then yo> there's simple idea we have is okay once Once you got documents online, then yo
>u could have access to the project files from multiple locations, from multiple >u could have access to the project files from multiple locations, from multiple 
>locations both within Caltrans headquarters and also now they've got their field>locations both within Caltrans headquarters and also now they've got their field
> office set up out by the bridge.> office set up out by the bridge.
252So one of the things we're interested in seeing is how do documents travel acros252So one of the things we're interested in seeing is how do documents travel acros
>s these sites.>s these sites.
n253The way they travel now primarily is that Dave gets a phone call, he finds, he on253The way they travel now primarily is that Dave gets a phone call, he or somebody
>r somebody somebody who works for him finds the document, they stick it into a r> who who works for him finds the document, they stick it into a relevant form of
>elevant form of mail and it gets sent off or it gets faxed.> mail and it gets sent off or it gets faxed.
254So this would obviously open up some new possibilities there.254So this would obviously open up some new possibilities there.
n255And distributed access would work both to give multiple people access to the samn255And distributed access would work both to give multiple people access to the sam
>e collection, which is the situation I was just describing.>e collection as which is the situation I was just describing and also a single p
 >erson, one of the managers that we've been talking to, she has I think a hundred
 > projects that she's in principle responsible for.
256And also a single person, one of the managers that we've been talking to, she ha
>s, I think, 100 projects that she's in principle responsible for. 
257So she has an interest in being able to get views onto multiple project files.256So she has an interest in being able to get views onto multiple project files.
258And there are really interesting, obviously, protection and access issues that c257And there are really interesting, obviously, protection and access issues that c
>ome up there that I'll come back to.>ome up there that I'll come back to.
259So what we've done is we've set up, this is the prototype.258So what we've done is we've set up, this is the prototype.
n260It's made up of plastic hardware, software, and paper.n259It's made up of plastic hardware software and paper.
261So we basically have a really, I will say, really nice Xerox scanner.260So we basically have a really, I will say, really nice Xerox scanner.
nn261Nice because it has a great document feeder so you can throw in multiple documen
 >ts at a time.
262Nice because it has a great document feeder that you can throw in multiple docum262hooked up to a PC and the PC is running a piece of software called Pages, which 
>ents at a time, hooked up to a PC, and the PC is running a piece of software cal>again is a really nice application for supporting the work of scanning documents
>led Pages, which again is a really nice application for supporting the work of s>.
>canning documents. 
263And so the documents are basically scanned using the scanner in Pages onto the P263And so the documents are basically scanned using the scanner in Pages onto the P
>C that's sitting there.>C that's sitting there.
264And then with a web -based form, they're coded and then they're uploaded onto th264And then with a web -based form, they're coded and then they're uploaded onto th
>e web.>e web.
265And at the moment, they're actually uploaded onto the web and sent to PARC, wher265And at the moment, they're actually uploaded onto the web and sent to PARC, wher
>e we pull them in across the PARC firewall and do various kinds of processing ov>e we pull them in across the PARC firewall and do various kinds of processing ov
>er them, and then put them back out, indexed, both the documents and the metadat>er them, and then put them back out, indexed, both the documents and the metadat
>a indexed outside the firewall, so that people at Caltrans with password protect>a indexed outside the firewall, so that people at Caltrans with password protect
>ion can view the documents.>ion can view the documents.
266The thing that we're up to now is trying to move the whole thing into Caltrans r266The thing that we're up to now is trying to move the whole thing into Caltrans r
>unning on their intranet.>unning on their intranet.
267And that involves a bit of substituting some code that's been running at PARC wi267And that involves a bit of substituting some code that's been running at PARC wi
>th commercially available, extended commercially available software using pages >th commercially available, extended commercially available software using pages 
>as the sort of basic platform for it.>as the sort of basic platform for it.
268They now have an intern who's dedicated 25 hours a week to scanning and maintain268They now have an intern who's dedicated 25 hours a week to scanning and maintain
>ing the project files.>ing the project files.
269We have at last count about 1,250 documents in there, which just to give you a s269We have at last count about 1,250 documents in there, which just to give you a s
>ense, I mean if you say documents, it turns out documents average about five pag>ense, I mean if you say documents, it turns out documents average about five pag
>es.>es.
n270That of course doesn't mean it all.n270That of course doesn't mean at all, I mean they range from lots of one pagers to
 > long documents, but it's about 1,250 roughly times five is the number of actual
 > pages that we have.
271I mean they range from lots of one pagers to long documents.
272But it's about 1,250 roughly times five is the number of actual pages that we ha
>ve. 
273And for those of you who are interested in it takes about a gigabyte of storage 271And for those of you who are interested in it takes about a gigabyte of storage 
>at this point with another megabyte for the metadata.>at this point with another megabyte for the metadata.
274Okay, some things that we've learned about scanning because along with the inter272Okay, some things that we've learned about scanning because along with the inter
>n that they've hired, we ourselves have done an enormous amount of scanning and >n that they've hired, we ourselves have done an enormous amount of scanning and 
>learned a great deal from it.>learned a great deal from it.
275You know, again this sort of goes back to what I was saying about filing.273You know, again this sort of goes back to what I was saying about filing.
276There are all these things that are almost too mundane to mention, but when you'274There are all these things that are almost too mundane to mention, but when you'
>re actually sitting there scanning documents, they become quite salient.>re actually sitting there scanning documents, they become quite salient.
277Things like you have a stack and it's not always completely clear what should co275Things like you have a stack and it's not always completely clear what should co
>nstitute a single document.>nstitute a single document.
278Should this thing be scanned as a single document or as multiple documents?276Should this thing be scanned as a single document or as multiple documents?
279A little bit of judgment has to be exercised there.277A little bit of judgment has to be exercised there.
n280You know, you've got to give the document a name to store it on the hard drive on278You know, you've got to give the document a name to store it on the hard drive o
>n your PC.>n your PC, and so you've got to sort of come up with something, and it turns out
 > that we display the names, and so it's actually useful if they say a little bit
 > about the document.
281And so you've got to sort of come up with something.
282And it turns out that we display the names, and so it's actually useful if they 
>say a little bit about the document. 
283And then you've got to deal with the kind of heterogeneity that these documents 279And then you've got to deal with the kind of heterogeneity that these documents 
>have.>have.
284For example, there are a lot of documents that have some pages, portrait, and so280For example, there are a lot of documents that have some pages, portrait, and so
>me landscape.>me landscape.
285And, you know, there are issues there.281And, you know, there are issues there.
n286You throw them all in the scanner.n282You throw them all on the scanner.
287one of the really nice things that Pages does is you can view all of the thumbna283one of the really nice things that Pages does is you can view all of the thumbna
>ils of all the documents that you've scanned and very easily rotate.>ils of all the documents that you've scanned and very easily rotate.
288So we go in and we rotate the documents so that when the thumbnails are displaye284So we go in and we rotate the documents so that when the thumbnails are displaye
>d, everything will be nicely oriented in the right way, which is great for viewi>d, everything will be nicely oriented in the right way, which is great for viewi
>ng the documents, but then of course when you're going to go to print them, you >ng the documents, but then of course when you're going to go to print them, you 
>need to both reorient them and rescale them again.>need to both reorient them and rescale them again.
289So there are translations between scanning and viewing and printing around page 285So there are translations between scanning and viewing and printing around page 
>orientation that have become an issue.>orientation that have become an issue.
290And there are variously sized pages.286And there are variously sized pages.
291Pages again supports really nicely, you know, you do the 8.5 by 11s and then you287Pages again supports really nicely, you know, you do the 8.5 by 11s and then you
> add the, you do the others on the platen and you add them.> add the, you do the others on the platen and you add them.
n292So a lot of this, and again, it's essential to be able to easily go in and rescan288So a lot of this, and again, it's essential to be able to easily go in and re-sc
>n a document, replace a particular page and also to see what you've done after y>an a document, replace a particular page and also to see what you've done after 
>ou scan them and to be able to go in there and reorder pages reorient things all>you scan them and to be able to go in there and reorder pages reorient things al
> of that actually pages does really well which is why we're we're relying on it >l of that actually pages does really well which is why we're we're relying on it
>to a great deal now of course you get to the documents in the project files thro> to a great deal now of course you get to the documents in the project files thr
>ugh a home page and we have this project files home page it may be a little hard>ough a home page and we have this project files home page it may be a little har
> for you to read it so you know you can select search the project files that whi>d for you to read it so you know you can select search the project files that wh
>ch takes you to the search interface which I'll show you add a new document take>ich takes you to the search interface which I'll show you add a new document tak
>s you to the coding form that I'll show you and then of their various ways in wh>es you to the coding form that I'll show you and then a very various ways in whi
>ich you can review the whole collection by dates by the arranged according to th>ch you can review the whole collection by dates by the arranged according to the
>e uniform filing system and then various kinds of administrative operations that> uniform filing system and then various kinds of administrative operations that 
> it turns out to be really useful to have like a change log that shows what the >it turns out to be really useful to have like a change log that shows what the s
>status of documents that have been scanned but not yet indexed is and things lik>tatus of documents that have been scanned but not yet indexed is and things like
>e that.> that.
293We have a web-based form so that after you've used Pages to scan your document, 289We have a web-based form so that after you've used Pages to scan your document, 
>you go in and you bring it up and then you can code it in a variety of ways.>you go in and you bring it up and then you can code it in a variety of ways.
294The interesting thing about this form is the number of times it's changed since 290The interesting thing about this form is the number of times it's changed since 
>we've been working with them.>we've been working with them.
295Once they really got into using this form, they began to see ways in which actua291Once they really got into using this form, they began to see ways in which actua
>lly the initial things which they said made sense.>lly the initial things which they said made sense.
296Like we started out with a bunch of keywords, which then got differentiated into292Like we started out with a bunch of keywords, which then got differentiated into
> things like source and recipient, as we have here.> things like source and recipient, as we have here.
297And the issue there is that it's become clear to us how essential it is that thi293And the issue there is that it's become clear to us how essential it is that thi
>s kind of a form be tailorable and modifiable.>s kind of a form be tailorable and modifiable.
298And that presents, we've probably done a half a dozen iterations on the design o294And that presents, we've probably done a half a dozen iterations on the design o
>f this form in the last six months to a year that we've been working with them.>f this form in the last six months to a year that we've been working with them.
299This poses a real challenge for us in attempting to move this thing into their e295This poses a real challenge for us in attempting to move this thing into their e
>nvironment and extricate ourselves because at the moment these changes are done >nvironment and extricate ourselves because at the moment these changes are done 
>through very close collaboration between the engineers and Randy where they tell>through very close collaboration between the engineers and Randy where they tell
> him the changes that they want and he implements them.> him the changes that they want and he implements them.
300How do we deal with that?296How do we deal with that?
301That's obviously going to be essential.297That's obviously going to be essential.
302Once you've coded your document, you go down.298Once you've coded your document, you go down.
303This is the second page which printed out doesn't fit onto a single sheet.299This is the second page which printed out doesn't fit onto a single sheet.
304You go down to the bottom and you say submit document and document info.300You go down to the bottom and you say submit document and document info.
305And then it goes through this, at the moment, this sort of trip over to park and301And then it goes through this, at the moment, this sort of trip over to park and
> back again.> back again.
306But eventually that will just basically put it onto a web server in their enviro302But eventually that will just basically put it onto a web server in their enviro
>nment.>nment.
307Again, some observations about coding documents, which we've also done a lot of 303Again, some observations about coding documents, which we've also done a lot of 
>and talked to them about a lot.>and talked to them about a lot.
308It turns out that there's a requirement for a lot of flexibility around the ques304It turns out that there's a requirement for a lot of flexibility around the ques
>tion of who codes documents and who scans them.>tion of who codes documents and who scans them.
309And one of the things that they wanted and that we provided is a paper version o305And one of the things that they wanted and that we provided is a paper version o
>f the online coding form.>f the online coding form.
310Which means that engineers who are sitting at their desks with a pile of documen306Which means that engineers who are sitting at their desks with a pile of documen
>ts can just take this paper form, code it, paper clip it to the front of the doc>ts can just take this paper form, code it, paper clip it to the front of the doc
>ument, put it in that inbox, and then the intern can scan it.>ument, put it in that inbox, and then the intern can scan it.
311The intern also does coding himself online.307The intern also does coding himself online.
312Engineers could do online coding from their desks if they were into that.308Engineers could do online coding from their desks if they were into that.
313But basically, it's the more alternatives there are for how to do this, the bett309But basically, it's the more alternatives there are for how to do this, the bett
>er.>er.
314Again, a lot of flexibility in the amount of coding.310Again, a lot of flexibility in the amount of coding.
315Either you can do very, very minimal coding, basically give it a uniform file sy311Either you can do very, very minimal coding, basically give it a uniform file sy
>stem category, or you can do increasingly elaborate, and you can do that either >stem category, or you can do increasingly elaborate, and you can do that either 
>at the time that you scan it or later.>at the time that you scan it or later.
n316So we've been trying to give them a lot of different ways of organizing the timen312So we've been trying to give them a lot of different ways of organizing the time
> and the place and how much or little of this work gets done.> and the place and how much or little of this work gets done and that seems esse
 >ntial for making the thing really, really useful, usable and useful.
317And that seems essential for making the thing really, really useful, usable and 
>useful. 
318Again, now that things, once things have actually been entered into the online r313Again, now that things, once things have actually been entered into the online r
>epository, there are a whole lot of new ways to be able to see the collection.>epository, there are a whole lot of new ways to be able to see the collection.
319You can still look at all of the, look at the collection according to the unifor314You can still look at all of the, look at the collection according to the unifor
>m filing system, but now, oh sorry, I meant to put this one up for you, but now >m filing system, but now, oh sorry, I meant to put this one up for you, but now 
>of course you have active links.>of course you have active links.
320So you can actually go in and you can see how many documents there are in a give315So you can actually go in and you can see how many documents there are in a give
>n category.>n category.
321You can click on the link and you can see all of those documents.316You can click on the link and you can see all of those documents.
322So it's preserving the old way of organizing the collection, but with some new w317So it's preserving the old way of organizing the collection, but with some new w
>ays of being able to see it and get at it.>ays of being able to see it and get at it.
323One thing that's turned out to be really useful for them is that you can organiz318One thing that's turned out to be really useful for them is that you can organiz
>e, you can see the whole collection ordered by dates from the most recent docume>e, you can see the whole collection ordered by dates from the most recent docume
>nts.>nts.
324It turns out that in thinking about a document when people, when they're going t319It turns out that in thinking about a document when people, when they're going t
>o look for it, people very often know, well you know this is a letter that was s>o look for it, people very often know, well you know this is a letter that was s
>ent to us back in March of last year.>ent to us back in March of last year.
n325So it's really helpful to be able to go in and look at all the documents from frn320So it's really helpful to be able to go in and look at all the documents from Ma
>om March of last year.>rch of last year.
326You can actually view thumbnail images of all of the document.321You can actually view thumbnail images of all of the, some of the document, one 
 >of the options is to code documents by the type of document they are.
327One of the options is to code documents by the type of document they are.322So is it a letter, is it a report, is it a memo, and you can again just see see 
 >what you've got in the collection in that way.
328So is it a letter?323In addition to various ways of viewing it, obviously you can you can search and 
 >And this is the kind of, it's a hybrid search interface, as I said, because it a
 >llows you to combine a full-text search with properties plus getting back a view
 > of your hits as thumbnails, which you can then scan in something like the way t
 >hat you would scan a paper collection.
329Is it a report?324And you can also display the returns, the results of a search in different ways.
330Is it a memo?325You can display them as thumbnails.
331And you can, again, just see what you've got in the collection in that way.326you can also display them in this kind of tabular form if it's more helpful to s
 >ee everything that comes back by date.
332In addition to various ways of viewing it, obviously you can search.327So again, the point here is that there are many different combination ways in wh
 >ich things can be configured.
333And this is the kind of, it's a hybrid search interface, as I said because it al
>lows you to combine you know a full text search with properties plus getting bac 
>k a view of your hits as thumbnails which you can then scan in something like th 
>e way that you would scan a paper collection and you can also display that the r 
>eturns the results of a search in different ways you can display them as thumbna 
>ils you can also display them in this kind of tabular form if it's more helpful  
>to see everything that comes back by dates So again, the point here is that ther 
>e are many different ways in which things can be configured. 
334And it turns out that how you want it configured is very much tied to what you k328And it turns out that how you want it configured is very much tied to what you k
>now when you go to do the search.>now when you go to do the search.
n335Shapes how you want to actually view the collection.n329It shapes how you want to actually view the collection.
336Once you find a document that you're looking for, you can view it in multiple th330Once you find a document that you're looking for, you can view it in multiple th
>umbnail sizes.>umbnail sizes.
337So here's a single document with all of its pages laid out.331So here's a single document with all of its pages laid out.
338You can see this issue of portrait and landscape in a single document.332You can see this issue of portrait and landscape in a single document.
n339And then, of course, you can go in and view any of the pages.n333And then of course you can go in and view any of the pages.
340And you can see from this how important the images are because a lot of the docu334And you can see from this how important the images are because a lot of the docu
>ments in this collection, once you do OCR, you get back practically nothing.>ments in this collection, once you do OCR, you get back practically nothing.
n341And even the documents that you get a lot back from OCR have, in addition, varion335And even the documents that you get a lot back from OCR have in addition various
>us kinds of marginalia annotations that that you lose so we're very much believe> kinds of marginalia annotations that you lose.
>rs in the idea that you need both you need to preserve images as well as providi 
>ng people with text search and then Randy has actually created in an attempt to  
>address this problem of user modification of the of the coding scheme Randy's ac 
>tually provided a an interface for them that allows them to do the the relativel 
>y straightforward things like take all the documents that were called this and n 
>ow call them that or add this new category. 
342The tricky part of course that we're dealing with now is as they do more elabora336So we're very much believers in the idea that you need to preserve images as wel
>te reconfigurations of their coding scheme that have ramifications back through >l as providing people with text search.
>the already coded documents, Randy has to write more and more elaborate scripts  
>that will go back and recode the collection and the really difficult question th 
>at we face is when we leave how can we make sure that this thing doesn't die in  
>the next at the next point where they decide they want to to make a big change a 
>nd aren't able to do it that's and that's that brings us into the whole question 
> of what kind of continuing organizational and and human support there's going t 
>o be okay to summarize the the two aspects aspects of what this project has mean 
>t in terms of designing. 
343There's the project of configuring a working prototype which we've done by, you 337And then Randy has actually created, in an attempt to address this problem of us
>know, we got a first approximation running in our lab, we moved it over to their>er modification of the coding scheme, Randy's actually provided an interface for
> organization keeping some of the processing work at park and now we're trying t> them that allows them to do the relatively straightforward things like take all
>o actually move the whole thing onto their intranet.> the documents that were called this and now call them that, or add this new cat
 >egory.
338The tricky part, of course, that we're dealing with now is they do more elaborat
 >e reconfigurations of their coding scheme that have ramifications back through t
 >he already coded documents, Randy has to write more and more elaborate scripts t
 >hat will go back and and recode the collection.
339And the really difficult question that we face is when we leave, how can we make
 > sure that this thing doesn't die in the next, at the next point where they deci
 >de they want to to make a big change and aren't able to do it.
340That's and that's that brings us into the whole question of what kind of continu
 >ing organizational and human support there's going to be.
341Okay, to summarize, the two aspects of what this project has meant in terms of d
 >esigning, there's the project of configuring a working prototype, which we've do
 >ne by, you know, we got a first approximation running in our lab.
342We moved it over to their organization, keeping some of the processing work at P
 >ARC, and now we're trying to actually move the whole thing onto their intranet.
344And then a lot of what we've been doing has been configuring a working practice 343And then a lot of what we've been doing has been configuring a working practice 
>in relation to that prototype.>in relation to that prototype, working out flexible divisions of labor.
345Working out flexible divisions of labor.
346As I said, this idea of paper coding forms came out of that.344As I said, this idea of paper coding forms came out of that.
nn345that.
347Being sure that you can review and manipulate your page images.346Being sure that you can review and manipulate your page images.
n348Scanning really requires, you can't do it blind.n347It's just you can't, scanning really requires, you can't do it blind.
349You want to see what you've done and you want to be able to go in there and fix 348You want to see what you've done and you want to be able to go in there and fix 
>things.>things.
350And support for this kind of iterative document coding.349And support for this kind of iterative document coding.
351So you code a document maybe a bit when you scan it and then you add things or y350So you code a document maybe a bit when you scan it and then you add things or y
>ou change things later on.>ou change things later on.
352Maybe even when you go to search for it and you bring it up and you see how it w351Maybe even when you go to search for it and you bring it up and you see how it w
>as coded and you say, oh, I don't really like that.>as coded and you say, oh, I don't really like that.
353I want to revise it.352I want to revise it.
354And then on a larger scale, support for this kind of extensible and modifiable m353And then on a larger scale, support for this kind of extensible and modifiable m
>etadata that seems so important.>etadata that seems so important.
355Some of the issues for them, if this effort is successful, is that if we were ac354Some of the issues for them, if this effort is successful, is that if we were ac
>tually to get to the point where this collection was online and available in a d>tually to get to the point where this collection was online and available in a d
>istributed way, the project team is no longer the interface to the collection in>istributed way, the project team is no longer the interface to the collection in
> the way that they have been before, which has afforded tremendous value in vari> the way that they have been before, which has afforded tremendous value in vari
>ous ways.>ous ways.
n356These documents are in principle available to anyone, but of course it's a big dn355I mean these documents are in principle available to anyone, but of course it's 
>ifference if all of the requests go through you, or if people in unknown places >a big difference if you, if all of the requests go through you or if people in u
>are doing unknown things with the collection.>nknown places are doing unknown things with the collection.
357So access controls that now are largely taken care of through the practicalities356So access controls that now are largely taken care of through the practicalities
> of the medium, because these things exist in one place, nobody else knows how t> of the medium because these things exist in one place nobody else knows how to 
>o find anything in them, now have to be addressed much more explicitly.>find anything in them now have to be addressed much more explicitly and very imp
 >ortant and very salient for us at the moment is where of course at this point we
 >'re keeping all of these documents on on paper in the old way.
358And very important and very salient for us at the moment is where, of course, at
> this point we're keeping all of these documents on paper in the old way. 
359Eventually, I would imagine, there would be some mix.357Eventually, I would imagine there would be some mix.
360A lot of them would no longer be kept in the binders once they were online.358A lot of them would no longer be kept in the binders once they were online.
361Others of them would be kept in the binders because you'd want the original for 359Others of them would be kept in the binders because you'd want the original for 
>various reasons.>various reasons.
n362And so there are very complicated questions about how you're going to maintain tn360And so there are very complicated questions about how you're going to maintain t
>he coherence of the media, of the paper and the digital renderings of the docume>he coherence of the media of the paper and the digital renderings of the documen
>nts.>ts.
363And then finally, this larger question of maintaining the coherence of your codi361And then finally, this larger question of maintaining the coherence of your codi
>ng categories, both with respect to the paper and the digital documents, and how>ng categories, both with respect to the paper and the digital documents, and how
> you do that both over time.> you do that both over time.
n364we've already seen, as I said, tremendously dynamic changes there within the pron362We've already seen, as I said, tremendously dynamic changes there within the pro
>ject team that we're working with over the year or so that we've had the prototy>ject team that we're working with over the year or so that we've had the prototy
>pe running.>pe running.
365And then once you have multiple project teams working with a collection, it beco363And then once you have multiple project teams working with a collection, it beco
>mes an even more challenging kind of coordination problem.>mes an even more challenging kind of coordination problem.
n366I'll end with a slogan.n
367slogan, which is really a slogan that refers to this whole approach to doing thi364I'll end with a slogan, which is really a slogan that refers to this whole appro
>s kind of work oriented design approach.>ach to doing this kind of work oriented design approach.
368I was often asked, well the impression I got from many of my colleagues at PARC 365I was often asked, well the impression I got from many of my colleagues at PARCC
>in the early days when I was arguing for this kind of work was, if we go out and> in the early days when I was arguing for this kind of work was, is if we go out
> look at the way people are currently working, it will have this deeply conserva> and look at the way people are currently working, it will have this deeply cons
>tive effect on us.>ervative effect on us.
369will end up just replicating what they're doing now.366We'll end up just replicating what they're doing now.
370And it's better if we just sort of freely imagine the possibilities.367And it's better if we just sort of freely imagine the possibilities.
n371And my response to that is, well, if you in a very sort of flat-footed way went n368And my response to that is, well, if you, in a very sort of flat -footed way, we
>about trying to replicate exactly, well, first of all, I think the premise that >nt about trying to replicate exactly, well first of all I think the premise that
>there is, that until we as designers come along, the world is a stagnant place.> there is that until we as designers come along the world is a stagnant place.
372That people are basically sitting there doing the same thing over and over again369That people are basically sitting there doing the same thing over and over again
> and it's only when brilliant and innovative designers come on the scene that th> and it's only when brilliant and innovative designers come on the scene that th
>ey say, oh, you know, we could be doing it differently.>ey say oh you know we could be doing it differently.
373That's not my experience.370That's not my experience.
n374Every workplace I've ever been in, there are people in the workplace who, not evn371Every workplace I've ever been in there are people in the the workplace who, not
>eryone, but there are always people who are pretty continually sort of reflectin> everyone, but there are always people who are pretty continually sort of reflec
>g in, you know, greater and lesser ways about what they're doing and trying to f>ting in, you know, greater and lesser ways about what they're doing and trying t
>igure out how to do it differently.>o figure out how to do it differently.
375and our experience is that it's much more that it's hard to keep up with the dyn372And our experience is that it's much more that it's hard to keep up with the dyn
>amism of the organization of work practices than it is to get people to make any>amism of the organization of work practices than it is to get people to, you kno
> kinds of changes in what they're doing.>w, sort of get, make any kinds of changes in what they're doing.
376So first of all, things aren't stagnant until we come along.373So first of all, things aren't stagnant until we come along.
377And secondly, if we did come along and try to take an analysis of people's worki374And secondly, if we did come along and try to take an analysis of people's worki
>ng practices as the basis for design, in the absence of any sort of imaginative >ng practices as the basis for design, in the absence of any sort of imaginative 
>activity, we might have a problem.>activity, we might have a problem.
378We need to also engage in thinking about how things could be different.375We need to also engage in thinking about how things could be different.
n379But the idea here is that, I mean, the crude way of putting this is it's better n376But the idea here is that, I mean the crude way of putting this is it's better t
>to design from knowledge than from ignorance, right?>o design from knowledge than from ignorance, right?
380But I think that the goal that we're after is to try to get enough of a mutual u377But I think that the goal that we're after is to try to get enough of a mutual u
>nderstanding, and this comes very much out of the tradition of Scandinavian syst>nderstanding, and this comes very much out of the tradition of Scandinavian syst
>ems design that we've been deeply influenced by, the idea that people doing a pa>ems design that we've been deeply influenced by.
>rticular kind of work using relevant technologies need to have enough of an unde 
>rstanding of what the technological possibilities are that they can engage in th 
>inking intelligently about what the possibilities could be. 
378The idea that people doing a particular kind of work using relevant technologies
 > need to have enough of an understanding of what the technological possibilities
 > are that they can engage in thinking intelligently about what the possibilities
 > could be.
381And that's what our running prototype in this worksite is doing.379And that's what our running prototype in this worksite is doing.
382It's giving people in the worksite the ability to imagine what the technology, t380It's giving people in the worksite the ability to imagine what the technology, t
>o have enough of an understanding of what the technology does to be able to imag>o have enough of an understanding of what the technology does to be able to imag
>ine what it could do.>ine what it could do.
383And similarly for us, we need not to become civil engineers.381And similarly for us, we need not to become civil engineers.
n384That would require many lifetimes to do that in all of the sites where we might n382That would be, you know, that would require many lifetimes to do that in all of 
>want to design.>the sites where we might want to design.
385But we need to develop enough of an appreciation for what their issues are that 383But we need to develop enough of an appreciation for what their issues are that 
>we, in turn, can think intelligently about their work.>we in turn can think intelligently about their work.
386And doing the kind of projects that we're doing on site in the way that we're do384And doing the kind of projects that we're doing on site in the way that we're do
>ing them enables that sort of collaboration so that you get what I think is a ve>ing them enables that sort of collaboration so that you get what I think is a ve
>ry powerful combination of grounded understanding of existing practice plus imag>ry powerful combination of grounded understanding of existing practice plus imag
>ination of how things might be different.>ination of how things might be different.
387So I'll stop there and take questions.385So I'll stop there and take questions.
n388Yeah.n386Yeah?
389What are your thoughts at the moment on purging and on archiving machine-readabl387What are your thoughts at the moment on purging and on archiving machinery in th
>e forms?>e form of this?
390Well, if we get to stay around long enough we'll see because in terms of archivi388Well, if we get to stay around long enough we'll see because in terms of archivi
>ng it's a very explicit part of this project files process that a subset of the >ng it's a very explicit part of this project files process that a subset of the 
>documents in the project files go into a history file.>documents in the project files go into a history file.
nn389In paper?
391In paper.390In paper.
392Now at the moment everything is in paper.391Now at the moment everything is in paper.
n393So, but that means that if we have an online collection, eventually a subset of n392But that means that if we have an online collection, eventually a subset of that
>that online collection will need to be archived.> online collection will need to be archived and another, presumably some other d
 >ocuments that are useful in the course of the project will no longer be needed.
394And another, presumably some other documents that are useful in the course of th
>e project will no longer be needed. 
395I read an article in the New York News very recently about the fact that even DV393I have an article in the media that I've read very recently about the fact that 
>Ds are now known to deteriorate much more rapidly than anyone expected they woul>even DVDs are now known to deteriorate much more rapidly than anyone expected th
>d.>ey would.
396Much faster than film, for example.394Much faster than film, for example.
397And now this is a more general question to someone from PARC.395And now this is a more general question to someone from PARC.
398What are you going to use to archive records?396What are you going to use to archive records?
n399Yeah, I am not an archivist, but I think that, I know that's a really serious ann397Yeah, I am not an archivist, but I think that, I know that's a really serious an
>d pressing question because archivists know a lot about paper as a medium.>d pressing question, because archivists know a lot about paper as a medium.
400And there's been a huge amount of work done to develop kinds of paper that are e398And there's been a huge amount of work done to develop kinds of paper that are e
>xtremely durable, much more than we know or have done in relation to digital med>xtremely durable, much more than we know or have done in relation to digital med
>ia.>ia.
401So I don't have the answer, but I think it's a very important question.399So I don't have the answer, but I think it's a very important question.
n402Yeah?n400Yeah.
403Have you looked at the change in practice after introduction of your prototype?401Have you looked at the change in practice after introduction of your prototype?
404You have a fascinating natural experiment.402You have a fascinating natural experiment.
n405Any result from it?n403Any result coming in?
406Oh, yeah.404Oh, yeah.
407I mean, well, let's see.405I mean, well, let's see.
408Obviously, before we were there, the practice was to take these documents and pu406Obviously, before we were there, the practice was to take these documents and pu
>t them into the binders.>t them into the binders.
n409and we've interjected an entire new sort of piece of work that we hope is going n407And we've interjected an entire new sort of piece of work that we hope is going 
>to be valuable enough that it's worth doing.>to be valuable enough.
408that it's worth doing.
410At the moment, of course, they're doing both things so that after things are put409At the moment, of course, they're doing both things so that after things are put
> into the online collection, they get put into the binders.> into the online collection they get put into the binders.
411I think it's...
412We've actually wondered what would be happening if we weren't there because the 410I think it's, we've actually wondered what would be happening if we weren't ther
>state of the documents that needed to go into the project files was reaching kin>e because the state of the documents that needed to go into the project files wa
>d of a crisis point at the time when we actually got our prototype up and runnin>s reaching kind of a crisis point at the time when we actually got our prototype
>g.> up and running.
413I mean there were just stacks of documents everywhere.411I mean, there were just stacks of documents everywhere.
414It was out of control in part because the whole project is on an accelerated tim412It was out of control in part because the whole project is on an accelerated tim
>e frame and there's nobody to do that work.>eframe and there's nobody to do that work.
415And so partly I think our being there, this this is a bit of a Hawthorne effect,413So partly I think our being there, this is a bit of a Hawthorne effect, but it's
> but it's had now, I think, some really enduring consequences, was to raise the > had now I think some really enduring consequences, was to raise the project fil
>project files, both to raise their visibility within the team, and also we obvio>es to both to raise their visibility within the team and also you know we obviou
>usly put a lot of labor into getting the online collection together.>sly put we've put a lot of labor into getting getting the online collection toge
 >ther I think what what usually happens around the project files is that they are
 > they're managed on it on an as-needed basis so for a large part of the project 
 >people go along doing sort of crisis is document search.
416I think what usually happens around the project files is that they're managed on
> an as-needed basis. 
417So for a large part of the project people go along doing sort of crisis document
> search. 
418They need to find something, they spend huge amounts of time searching through p414They need to find something, they spend huge amounts of time searching through p
>iles of documents.>iles of documents.
419And then at the point where they're actually responsible for turning the collect415And then at the point where they're actually responsible for turning the collect
>ion over to someone else, they do a huge amount of work to pull the collection t>ion over to someone else, they do a huge amount of work to pull the collection t
>ogether.>ogether.
420So the collection becomes more like a record than a useful resource in the actua416So the collection becomes more like a record than a useful resource in the actua
>l work as it's going on.>l work as it's going on.
n421So I'm hoping that one of the effects of our intervention is to make the projectn417So I'm hoping that one of the effects of our intervention is to make the project
> files into much more of a sort of active resource and obviously cut down a grea> files into much more of a sort of active resource and obviously cut down a grea
>t deal on the amount of time they spend searching through cardboard boxes and al>t deal on the amount of time they spend searching through cardboard boxes and al
>l the other stats that are around.>l the other stacks of things that are around.
418Yeah.
422Two questions.419Two questions.
423A lot of times people take old documents and modify them, either clipping notes 420A lot of times people take old documents and modify them, either clipping notes 
>to them or making changes to them.>to them or making changes to them.
424How do you handle that in the system?421How do you handle that in the system?
425Are there multiple copies of the document, links or what?422Are there multiple copies of the document, links or what?
426There are multiple copies, multiple versions of documents, and in a way that's f423There are multiple copies, multiple versions of documents, and in a way that's f
>ine.>ine.
nn424We don't worry.
427You know, we're one of, we don't worry, we've tried to keep an eye out for exact425We've tried to keep an eye out for exact duplicates and not put exact duplicates
> duplicates and not put exact duplicates in.> in.
428But we've got many variations on documents with different annotations and I thin426But we've got many variations on documents with different annotations.
>k one of the benefits of this kind of a system is that you can do that, you know 
>, at a relatively low cost. 
427And I think one of the benefits of this kind of a system is that you can do that
 > at a relatively low cost.
429And then when you do your search, you're going to get back all of the different 428And then when you do your search, you're going to get back all of the different 
>versions and you can look for the one that you want.>versions, and you can look for the one that you want.
430It's really up to them to decide which documents go into the collection.429It's really up to them to decide which documents go into the collection.
n431So I would say, you know, if something gets pulled out and modified, it's going n430So I would say if something gets pulled out and modified, it's going to be their
>to be their call whether it should then be rescanned in a new version.> call whether it should then be rescanned in a new version.
432But we want to make the scanning easy enough that if you wanted to do that, it w431But we want to make the scanning easy enough that if you wanted to do that, it w
>ouldn't be a big deal.>ouldn't be a big deal.
n433The second question is, with the changing of the classification, How much of than432The second question is with the changing of the classification, how much of that
>t is them learning the system and thinking about it for the first time versus th> is them learning the system and thinking about it for the first time versus the
>ey're moving on to different phases of the work?>y're moving on to different phases of the work?
434I think partly it's their thinking more about it.433I think partly it's their thinking more about it.
n435Partly their orientation to the classification scheme is tied to the particular n434partly their orientation to the classification scheme is tied to the particular 
>thing that they're working on at the moment.>thing that they're working on at the moment.
436For example, we just had a major revision to the filing system by one of the eng435For example, we just had a major revision to the filing system by one of the eng
>ineers who was given responsibility for doing some work around all of the task o>ineers who was given responsibility for doing some work around all of the task o
>rders to consultants.>rders to consultants.
437So he was focused on the task orders to consultants.436So he was focused on the task orders to consultants.
n438He looked at the previous classification scheme, and he didn't like the ways in n437He looked at the previous classification scheme and he didn't like the ways in w
>which, you know, he was actually going to look for those things, and they were i>hich, you know, he was actually going to look for those things and they were int
>nterspersed in ways that he didn't like, and he wanted to create a new category >erspersed in ways that he didn't like and he wanted to create a new category for
>for them.> them.
439So it's very much occasioned by you turn to do a particular task and you then fi438So it's very much occasioned by you turn to do a particular task and you then fi
>nd things that matter to you.>nd things, you know, that matter to you.
440And I think that kind of interweaving of the design of the classification scheme439And I think that kind of interweaving of the design of the classification scheme
> and the ongoing work is critical.> and the the ongoing work is critical.
441You've got to be able to sort of work back and forth between the two.440You've got to be able to sort of work back and forth between the two.
442It doesn't happen all at once at the beginning.441It doesn't happen all at once at the beginning.
443And it doesn't even happen at sort of predictable times.442And it doesn't even happen at sort of predictable times.
444It happens as the spirit moves you and you actually care, then you focus on it.443It happens as the spirit moves you and you actually care, then you focus on it.
445Yeah?444Yeah?
n446I noticed in my experience, if I have some kind of archives, I put them on my den445Yeah.
>sk so that I can remember that I need to look at these things. 
446I noticed in my experience, if I have some kind of archives, I put them on my de
 >sk.
447so that I can remember that I need to look at these things.
447I'm wondering if you guys have thought about that in terms of those documents ar448I'm wondering if you guys have thought about that in terms of those documents ar
>e actually a trigger to remember things.>e actually a trigger to remember things.
n448If they're in some kind of electronic form, it may not be as good of a trigger.n449If they're in some kind of electronic form, it may not be as good a trigger.
449Right, absolutely.450Right, absolutely.
450I think the difference between having things sort of enclosed in a workstation a451I think the difference between having things sort of enclosed in a workstation a
>nd spread around is very important.>nd spread around is very important.
451In a way, that's about how things move between this sort of active and working s452In a way, that's about how things move between this sort of active and working s
>tatus.>tatus.
452But I think there are interesting possibilities, again, for new kinds of integra453But I think there are interesting possibilities, again, for new kinds of integra
>tion there.>tion there.
n453I mean one of the things that people at PARCC have been working on for a long tin454I mean, one of the things that people at PARCC have been working on for a long t
>me are these glyphs, basically barcode type images that you could put onto docum>ime are these glyphs, basically barcode-type images that you could put onto docu
>ents that are instructions for a machine readable.>ments that are instructions for, you know, are machine -readable.
454So one of the ideas is that you could have, it's been called document tokens, or455So one of the ideas is that you could have, it's been called document tokens, or
> let's say you have, I mean I've always thought it would be nice to have paper f> let's say you have, I mean, I've always thought it would be nice to have paper 
>ile cabinets, minutes, but instead of the whole papers I'd have first pages.>file cabinets, but instead of the whole papers, I'd have first pages.
455And then you could take out that page and stick it into a scanner and get the wh456So, and then you could take out that page and stick it into a scanner and get th
>ole document back out again.>e whole document back out again.
456So variations on how we could both have those sort of mnemonic cues, but maybe n457So variations on how we could both have those sort of mnemonic cues, but maybe n
>ot have in every case the whole document sitting around, for example.>ot have in every case the whole document sitting around, for example.
n457But that kind of playing with the relationship between the paper and the digitaln458So, but that kind of playing with the relationship between the paper and the dig
> I think is really interesting, much more interesting direction than thinking ab>ital, I think, is really interesting.
>out the paperless office. 
459Much more interesting direction than thinking about, you know, the paperless off
 >ice.
460I think it would be interesting to see that.
458I think it would be interesting to see that people, a lot of people have persona461So, a lot of people have personal post-it notes where although the documents are
>l post -it notes where although the documents are shared between everyone, there> shared between everyone, when there's some kind of system locally on their comp
>'s some kind of system locally on their computer where they can add post-it note>uter where they can add post-it notes to the files that represent their own file
>s to the files that represent their own files.>s.
459Right.462Right.
n460Well, if we're imagining this as a web -based thing, people should be able to crn463Well, if we're imagining this as a web-based thing, people should be able to cre
>eate their own sub-collections.>ate their own sub-collections.
461collections, people should be able to have their own sets of bookmarks obviously464People should be able to have their own sets of bookmarks, obviously, and do sor
> and do sort of personalized subsets of the project files.>t of personalized subsets of the project files.
462We've got a lot of post-its in the project files.465We've got a lot of post-its in the project files.
463We've been very conscientious about scanning everything, right?466We've been very conscientious about scanning everything, right?
n464So we scan post-its and sometimes if it's a post-it that obscures the document, n467So we scan post-its, and sometimes if it's a post-it that obscures the document,
>we'll do it twice so we'll have an image of the document with the post-it and th> we'll do it twice.
>en the page behind it, right? 
468So we'll have an image of the document with the Post-it and then the page behind
 > it, right?
465But those sorts of things, we take those seriously.469But those sorts of things, you know, we take those seriously.
466Yeah?470Yeah?
467Have you started to gather any evidence on how people, without using both the pa471Have you started to gather any evidence on how people, without using both the pa
>per files and the online version, are they starting, I mean, do you find them tu>per files and the online version, are they starting, I mean, do you find them tu
>rning to search in one or the other?>rning to search in one or the other?
468Yeah, I think it's too early to say that.472Yeah, I think it's too early to say that.
469We've been so focused on building this collection that we're just beginning.473We've been so focused on building this collection that we're just beginning.
n470It's just now getting to the point where it's substantial enough, And it's, I thn474It's just now getting to the point where it's substantial enough.
>ink we're passing that threshold where we've got enough documents in the collect 
>ion and it's going to be enough easier to find things in the collection than on  
>paper that the search will really start. 
471But that's where we're focused at the moment and I think it's too soon to say.475And it's, I think we're passing that threshold where we've got enough documents 
 >in the collection and it's going to be enough easier to find things in the colle
 >ction than on paper that the search, you know, will really start.
472We've gotten reports of, you know, I found a document using your system that I h476But that's where we're focused at the moment.
>adn't been able to find. 
473But the sense I have is that it's still people probably go first to look for the477And I think it's too soon to say.
> thing on paper and then if they can't find it, they go to the system. 
474We really have to get the system much more sort of on people's desktops so that,478we've gotten reports of you know I found a document using your system that I had
> you know, we've put a bookmark on Dave's machine and we've made little cheat sh>n't been able to find but the sense I have is that it's still people probably go
>eets about how easy it is to do search.> first to look for the thing on paper and then if they can't find it they go to 
 >the system we really have to get the system at much more sort of on people's des
 >ktops so that you know what we would put a bookmark on Dave's machine and and we
 >'ve made little cheat sheets about how easy it is to do search.
475But people aren't quite into it yet.479But people aren't quite into it yet.
n476yet they still view the intern as the kind of, that they'll go to him and he'll n480They still view the intern as the kind of, that they'll go to him and he'll do a
>do an online search for them.>n online search for them.
477So we're, I think, very much still in that process.481So we're, I think, very much still in that process.
478Right.482Right.
479Well, I think that's going to depend on the document.483Well, I think that's going to depend on the document.
480In some cases, I think they'll print it out.484In some cases, I think they'll print it out.
481In some cases, they'll want to go back and find the original.485In some cases, they'll want to go back and find the original.
482Yeah.486Yeah.
n483I saw images of drawings, but I haven't read the CAD files.n487I saw images of drawing CAD files.
484Right.
485They actually handle their CAD files, their actual plans separately from the pro488Right, they actually handle their CAD files, their actual plans separately from 
>ject files at this point.>the project files at this point.
486And so we don't have, we have some printouts of plans that, you know, have some 489And so we don't have, we have some printouts of plans that have some historical 
>historical relationship to the current project.>relationship to the current project, but their actual working CAD files are trea
 >ted totally separately and and are much more at this point online than the rest 
 >of these documents so not at this point but that's going to be important eventua
 >lly to do that yeah you have been mentioning that there is the need a growing ne
 >ed to keep care of the coding I mean they're kind of this I There is a kind of t
 >hese arrows of all this stuff.
487But their actual working CAD files are treated totally separately and are much m490And when the project gets larger, do you foresee the need to have someone taking
>ore, at this point, online.> care of these arrows and then possibly undermining the economic benefits of suc
 >h a system?
488than the rest of these documents.491Or the benefits in terms of, is that the engineers caring for these arrows will 
 >overcome the fact that someone will have to be professionally involved in keepin
 >g these arrows?
489So not at this point.
490But that's going to be important eventually to do that.
491Yeah.
492You have been mentioning that there is a growing need to keep care of the coding
>. 
493I mean, there is a kind of of all this stuff.
494And when the project gets larger, do you foresee the need to have someone taking
> care care of the Cesarus and then possibly undermining the economic benefits of 
> the system or the benefits in terms of, is that the engineers caring for the Ce 
>sarus will overcome the fact that someone will have to be professionally involve 
>d in keeping the Cesarus? 
495I do think that in order to get the value from the system, there will need to be492I do think that in order to get the value from the system, there will need to be
> some human resources invested in, particularly in the ongoing modification and > some human resources invested in, particularly in the ongoing modification and 
>maintenance of the collection, the kinds of things where we want to make a subst>maintenance of the collection, the kinds of things where we want to make a subst
>antial enough change to the classification scheme that something's got to run ov>antial enough change to the classification scheme that something's got to run ov
>er the collection and bring it up to date.>er the collection and bring it up to date.
n496And I think that is a new role that's really going to be crucial, which I would n493And I think that is a new role that's really going to be crucial, which I would 
>see as a relatively small investment that has the potential of actually making t>see as a relatively small investment that has the potential of actually making t
>he rest of the investment pay off.>he rest of the investment, you know, pay off.
497But those are the kinds of, I think, really hard issues, practical issues around494But those are the kinds of, I think, really hard issues, practical issues around
> getting a system like this really implemented in an organization.> getting a system like this really implemented in an organization.
n498Do you know if there was someone in the past before the cuts in the budgets thatn495Do you know if there was someone in the past, before the cuts in the budgets, th
> would do this work?>at would do this work, so the technology is bringing back a figure that was ther
 >e?
499So the technology is bringing back a figure that was there.496Well, in a way, there is a, for example, one of the engineers now keeps a copy o
 >f the UFS.
500Well in a way there is a, for example, one of the engineers now keeps a copy of 497Actually, he uses an Excel spreadsheet, which is interesting.
>the UFS, us actually uses an Excel spreadsheet because interesting I'm not quite 
> sure why but I think because he likes all the columns and rows and everything a 
>nd he actually goes in and edits edits that and so what what that would mean now 
> is you get your new uniform filing system and then you'd have to go back and an 
>d make sure your binders were you know synchronized with that so there is a kind 
> of version of it now but it involves a very different set of skills And we're t 
>alking about some programming skills here that take you into whole other departm 
>ents. 
501Then you get into the information systems department and you're into an entirely498I'm not quite sure why, but I think because he likes all the columns and rows an
> new sort of place in the organization.>d everything.
499And he actually goes in and edits that.
500And so what that would mean now is you'd get your new uniform filing system, and
 > then you'd have to go back and make sure your binders were, you know, synchroni
 >zed with that.
501So there is a kind of version of it now, but it involves a very different set of
 > skills.
502And, you know, we're talking about some programming skills here that take you in
 >to whole other departments, you know, then you get into the information systems 
 >department and you're into an entirely new sort of place in the organization.
502So it's, yeah.503So it's, yeah.
n503Have you found that formalizing the work processes and work flows, the roles of n504Have you found picking up on that, have you found that formalizing the work proc
>the people help you in figuring out what kind of coding system would be helpful?>esses and workflows, roles of the people help you in figuring out what kind of c
 >oding system would be helpful for work?
504My immediate answer is no.505My immediate answer is no.
505I guess I should think about it a little bit more.506I guess I should think about it a little bit more.
506I mean, it's so dynamic.507I mean, it's so dynamic.
507They're constantly negotiating their sort of working division of labor within th508They're constantly negotiating their sort of working division of labor within th
>e group.>e group.
n508And I mean, there are frameworks that come down centrally.n509And I mean there are frameworks that come down from that centrally.
509There's a large procedure manual for projects at Caltrans, which is really a fra510There's a large procedure manual for projects at Caltrans, which is really a fra
>mework for, you know, here here are the sort of basic components of what you nee>mework for here are the sort of basic components of what needs to shape a projec
>d to, what needs to shape a project.>t.
510And then, you know, the lead engineers for the individual projects have a huge a511And then the lead engineers for the individual projects have a huge amount of di
>mount of discretion in the way that they organize their particular team, and tha>scretion in the way that they organize their particular team, and that's changin
>t's changing all the time with the different phases of the project as they see w>g all the time with the different phases of the project as they see what's worki
>hat's working and what's not working.>ng and what's not working.
511So I think it's such a moving target that, you know, a lot of what I've been tal512So I think it's such a moving target that you know a lot of what I've been talki
>king about is trying to provide a kind of toolkit kit or a suite of resources th>ng about is trying to provide a kind of toolkit or a suite of resources that can
>at can be picked up and combined and recombined very flexibly.> be picked up and combined and recombined very flexibly and that that's essentia
 >l because their own division of labor and their roles and the the organization o
 >f the work is so dynamic.
512And that's essential because their own division of labor and their roles in the 
>organization of the work is so dynamic. 
513So in this kind of situation I'm not much of a believer in in, well, some of you513So I'm not, in this kind of situation, I'm not much of a believer in, well, some
> know I'm not much of a believer in workflow, but definitely for this kind of wo> of you know I'm not much of a believer in workflow, but definitely for this kin
>rksite.>d of work site.
514I guess I was thinking at the document level thinking about flows and uses.514I guess I was thinking at the document level, thinking about workflows and uses.
515That would help you.515That would help you.
n516And whether there is then some meta models that would emerge.n516And whether there is then some meta -models that would emerge.
517Well, I think the problem is that I think what you could come up with would be v517Well, I think the problem is that I think what you could come up with would be v
>ery schematic.>ery schematic.
518It would be useful, but it would be very schematic.518It would be useful, but it would be very schematic.
n519and the actual use would take you off into very sort of circumstantially organizn519And the actual use would take you off into very sort of circumstantially organiz
>ed cases that, I mean, at this point we haven't felt any need.>ed cases that I mean, you know, at this point we haven't felt any need.
520I mean, obviously you could come along and describe the organization of work tha520I mean, there are obviously, you could come along and describe the organization 
>t's been set up in a model, but it's not clear to me what value it would have at>of work that that's been set up in in a model but it's not clear to me what what
> this point.> value it would have at this point.
521I wanted to ask, what are some of the, what you might call the innovation to com521I wanted to ask what are some of the what you might call the innovation to come 
>e in the scanner as a product?>in the scanner as a product.
522I was trying to get your impression.522Just trying to get your impression.
523It's one of the more labor intensive parts in this process.523It's one of the more labor intensive parts in this process.
nn524Yeah.
525Yeah.
524Are we expecting some new product from Xerox to replace the scanner as we know i526Are we expecting some new product from Xerox to replace the scanner?
>t today? 
525Not that I can think of.527Not that I can think of.
n526I mean scanners, I don't, you know, scanners are great.n528I mean, scanners, I don't, you know, scanners are great.
527I'm a great fan of scanners at this point.529I'm a great fan of scanners at this point.
528I think the software that controls the scanner is critical.530I think the software that controls the scanner is critical.
n529And, I mean, I will definitely put in a plug for Pages.n531And I mean, I will definitely put in a plug for Pages.
530Pages Pro 2.0 is what we've been using.532Pages Pro 2.0 is what we've been using.
531It's a wonderful application because it actually lets you see what you're doing.533It's a wonderful application because it actually lets you see what you're doing.
n532And it lets you go in and very, very easily, you get a row of thumbnails.n534And it lets you go in and very, very easily you get a row of thumbnails.
533You can reorder them.535You can reorder them.
534You can rotate things so that you can very, very easily, manually, but very easi536You can rotate things so that you can very, very easily, manually, but very easi
>ly make sure that the online document that you scan actually looks the way that >ly make sure that the online document that you scan actually looks the way that 
>you want it to look.>you want it to look.
n535Now, you can get, and actually, Pages also has wonderful sort of automatic de-skn537Now you can get, and actually Pages also has wonderful sort of automatic de-skew
>ewing.>ing, and you can watch that happen too.
536And you can watch that happen too.
537It's very entertaining.538It's very entertaining.
n538You sit there and you see your little document get scanned and come up, and thenn539You sit there and you see your little document get scanned and come up, and then
> you see pages align it, fix its alignment, and you go, oh, that's great.> you see Pages align it, you know, fix its alignment, and you go, that's great, 
 >you know.
539So I think it's a very, very nice piece of software because, as I say, it makes 540So it's, I think it's a very, very nice piece of software because it, you know, 
>everything that's happening so visible.>as I say it makes everything that's happening so visible.
540You can both see the things that you need to see in order to do the stuff manual541You can even, you can both see the things that you need to see in order to do th
>ly that you need to do, and you can watch it doing what it's doing automatically>e stuff manually that you need to do and you can watch it doing what it's doing 
>.>automatically.
541and you know you need some entertainment while you're doing this so it's helpful542And, you know, you need some entertainment while you're doing this.
>. 
543So it's helpful.
542Any others?544Any others?
543I think we've exhausted ourselves.545I think we've exhausted ourselves.
n544so how do they maintain the integrity of the binders so you don't have everybodyn546Oh, oh.
> looking and saying oh I need that and it doesn't bring to their desk it may or  
>may not get back into that binder or it may not get back anywhere it's a problem 
> It's a problem. 
547Everybody wants to go after.
548That didn't sound right, did it?
549I'm sorry.
550How do they maintain the integrity of the binder system so that you don't have e
 >verybody looking and saying, oh, I need that, and then just bring it to their de
 >sk?
551It's a problem.
552It may or may not get back into that binder, or it may not get back anywhere.
545It's a problem.553It's a problem.
546It's a problem.554It's a problem.
tt555It's a problem.
556It's a problem.
547And that's actually a problem, you know, again, which this would help address be557And that's actually a problem, you know, again, this would help address, because
>cause you can print out a copy of the document and it's still there.> you can print out a copy of the document and it's still there.
548All right, thanks a lot.558there.
549Yeah.559All right.
560Thanks a lot.
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Now + +00:52.300 --> 00:55.920 +I am particularly interested in this + +00:55.920 --> 00:59.040 +subject. I came connected with a firm + +00:59.040 --> 01:00.860 +called Salvage and Lee, it was a public + +01:00.860 --> 01:03.800 +relations firm. Now the reason I say this, + +01:03.820 --> 01:06.620 +because I was in charge, was having my + +01:06.620 --> 01:10.100 +opinions made biased or prejudiced or + +01:10.100 --> 01:13.040 +whatnot, because I am connected with this + +01:13.040 --> 01:15.900 +public relations firm. The only thing, I + +01:15.900 --> 01:18.160 +gave this a whole lot of thinking, and the + +01:18.160 --> 01:19.540 +reason I explained it, two years because + +01:19.540 --> 01:21.460 +there have been many questions asked about + +01:21.460 --> 01:25.440 +it throughout the country. I thought of it + +01:25.440 --> 01:28.060 +and I said, well, a soldier who is in the + +01:28.060 --> 01:30.580 +field, such as I'm a major in the reserve, + +01:30.840 --> 01:34.000 +I'm paid. Am I this less this lawyer + +01:34.000 --> 01:37.380 +because I'm paid? A man who's an + +01:37.380 --> 01:41.260 +ambassador, is he less loyal to the + +01:41.260 --> 01:43.760 +country because he's paid? On the other + +01:43.760 --> 01:46.020 +hand, a man has certain obligations to his + +01:46.020 --> 01:49.040 +family. I have three boys, one of them is + +01:49.040 --> 01:53.040 +going to college. and I thought I was + +01:53.040 --> 01:55.180 +going to proceed on this whole business, + +01:55.360 --> 01:59.100 +but nothing. My wife quickly discouraged + +01:59.100 --> 02:01.180 +me of that, reminding me that I had three + +02:01.180 --> 02:04.920 +sons and one of them in college, and I'd + +02:04.920 --> 02:08.180 +better think twice before proceeding on + +02:08.180 --> 02:10.980 +such a close of activity. Now that fully + +02:10.980 --> 02:13.620 +explains my situation so that you people + +02:13.620 --> 02:16.460 +can assess for yourselves house whatever i + +02:16.460 --> 02:19.940 +have to say if you want to do so now + +02:19.940 --> 02:25.680 +ladies and gentlemen when a man is a + +02:25.680 --> 02:30.020 +certain ethnic group and then he hears bad + +02:30.020 --> 02:33.260 +things about that ethnic group and all his + +02:33.260 --> 02:35.940 +life he's heard nothing but the best of + +02:35.940 --> 02:40.300 +his uh his ancestors or people from whom + +02:40.300 --> 02:42.980 +he is descendants and in my case i'm uh + +02:42.980 --> 02:45.860 +i'm not even the senator i was born there + +02:45.860 --> 02:48.640 +and i always thought the portuguese had a + +02:48.640 --> 02:51.660 +fine western reputation but they were + +02:51.660 --> 02:54.400 +people that made certain accountabilities + +02:54.400 --> 02:59.480 +in civilization especially in discovery + +02:59.480 --> 03:03.920 +pathology and science and navigation i + +03:03.920 --> 03:05.620 +also know and this I want to tell you + +03:05.620 --> 03:07.160 +something strange to you, that in the + +03:07.160 --> 03:09.540 +history of literature, the great + +03:09.540 --> 03:12.220 +contributions of the culture of today are + +03:12.220 --> 03:15.240 +entirely unknown. We have writers who are + +03:15.240 --> 03:17.120 +equal in dignity, intelligence, and + +03:17.120 --> 03:19.240 +humility. I say this because I've studied + +03:19.240 --> 03:21.340 +them, and I think I'm the native to make a + +03:21.340 --> 03:23.960 +comparison. We have also great grammars. + +03:24.160 --> 03:27.460 +We have probably the second outstanding + +03:27.460 --> 03:31.160 +epic poet of the world in Camões. Don't + +03:31.160 --> 03:34.120 +take it from my own authority. Take it + +03:34.120 --> 03:38.120 +from Cecil Bowles. Oh, my goodness. Come + +03:38.120 --> 03:44.980 +on, second only. Who are you? So I + +03:44.980 --> 03:47.680 +undertook, with all this interest, to look + +03:47.680 --> 03:49.600 +into several charges that were being made. + +03:49.700 --> 03:54.660 +One of the charges was that a human, and + +03:54.660 --> 03:59.260 +called her a Moslem, was a grave terror. A + +03:59.260 --> 04:00.060 +grave terror. + +04:02.840 --> 04:05.380 +Now, I may be approaching this wrong, but + +04:05.380 --> 04:07.200 +I'm going to do it so that you can push it + +04:07.200 --> 04:10.600 +in. A reign of terror, in my own opinion, + +04:10.820 --> 04:14.580 +at least it implies this, minimally + +04:14.580 --> 04:18.760 +implies it. An apprehension of fear. An + +04:18.760 --> 04:22.780 +intending danger. Now, if it doesn't imply + +04:22.780 --> 04:24.520 +that, if it doesn't have that, then I + +04:24.520 --> 04:27.020 +don't know what a reign of terror is. It + +04:27.020 --> 04:32.700 +may mean other things, but it may mean + +04:32.700 --> 04:35.720 +the exact course of place he lost in 1516. + +04:36.200 --> 04:41.140 +And there are the non-border Angola and + +04:41.140 --> 04:46.040 +the terrorist king Donald Trump and Hitler + +04:46.040 --> 04:46.430 +massacred + +04:49.390 --> 04:57.970 +Now if this job is very dangerous, I don't + +04:57.970 --> 05:03.770 +see it. I don't see it. I don't see it. + +05:04.190 --> 05:08.650 +Please hold the hand over. And I see about + +05:08.650 --> 05:12.610 +the eight. and, unfortunately, in 200,000 + +05:12.610 --> 05:18.670 +colors. A perfect makeup, where there was + +05:18.670 --> 05:22.610 +no lack of the green of the eyes and the + +05:22.610 --> 05:25.270 +brown of the color of the nose. Her + +05:25.270 --> 05:30.370 +husband, Alexei, at the time, wore the + +05:30.370 --> 05:35.410 +sun's halo with a heart-shaped coat. They + +05:35.410 --> 05:39.090 +traveled over the Euro, they traveled over + +05:39.090 --> 05:42.770 +the course, they reached the southern part + +05:42.770 --> 05:45.530 +of the country. They could not reach the + +05:45.530 --> 05:49.350 +northern part of the country. Tell me + +05:49.350 --> 05:52.350 +who's this? The great, small, established + +05:52.350 --> 05:57.510 +Soviet. The way it has to be. Some of the + +05:57.510 --> 05:59.390 +students don't stop without having a + +05:59.390 --> 06:03.810 +drink. I mean, they're the boys. Now, when + +06:03.810 --> 06:07.950 +I arrived in Luanda, I actually did not + +06:07.950 --> 06:16.070 +observe the type of city. I know that the + +06:16.070 --> 06:18.650 +story of the Maristus came in from the + +06:18.650 --> 06:21.490 +Maristus. I know that the city was a place + +06:21.490 --> 06:25.450 +of wonder. All the wonderful things that + +06:25.450 --> 06:27.430 +he managed to do. The beautiful city of + +06:27.430 --> 06:32.110 +the sea. The scope of architecture is one + +06:32.110 --> 06:35.250 +of the most futuristic. One of the + +06:35.250 --> 06:38.210 +loveliest places. Well, there's another + +06:38.210 --> 06:46.570 +area. The Giro de Gara. Also, the Giro de + +06:46.570 --> 06:49.090 +Gara. The Giro de Gara. The Giro de Gara. + +06:49.250 --> 06:52.570 +The Giro de Gara. + +06:59.890 --> 07:01.290 +رف + +07:26.370 --> 07:29.230 +or you're a police officer, or you're a + +07:29.230 --> 07:32.070 +police administrator, or you're some other + +07:32.070 --> 07:35.490 +official. People aren't running towards + +07:35.490 --> 07:38.650 +you. I don't think that that represents + +07:38.650 --> 07:42.570 +fear. They ask questions of all citizens + +07:42.570 --> 07:44.610 +here, and if this is universal, that + +07:44.610 --> 07:47.690 +doesn't mean it's fear. Fear would mean + +07:47.690 --> 07:51.330 +that people run away from you. Just get + +07:51.330 --> 07:55.490 +out of your way. That's fear. Now, the + +07:55.490 --> 07:57.270 +next problem that I was very much + +07:57.270 --> 07:59.190 +interested in checking with the tourists + +07:59.190 --> 08:04.650 +was that it is said that there are rising + +08:04.650 --> 08:06.650 +expectations of NASA. + +08:09.670 --> 08:13.050 +Now, rising expectations, that is a huge + +08:13.050 --> 08:17.710 +phrase, rising expectations of NASA. And + +08:17.710 --> 08:22.510 +so, is this view of heaven the same? And + +08:22.510 --> 08:26.890 +so, is this view of heaven the same? I ask + +08:26.890 --> 08:28.030 +the question of heaven? I ask the question + +08:28.030 --> 08:32.650 +of heaven? There is a difference. + +08:35.030 --> 08:36.450 +There is a difference. + +08:40.170 --> 08:42.690 +I want to know what are you getting at? + +08:42.730 --> 08:43.510 +What is this writing? + +08:48.290 --> 08:54.050 +I want to get it down. Listen. I listen to + +08:54.050 --> 08:56.770 +you. You are the one who has to respond to + +08:56.770 --> 08:57.930 +me. You are the one who has to accept + +08:57.930 --> 09:03.470 +after the act. This man has to accept me. + +09:04.310 --> 09:05.870 +I am the one who has to accept me. I am + +09:05.870 --> 09:11.050 +the one who has to accept you. I learn and + +09:11.050 --> 09:13.070 +live my life. I am the one who has to + +09:13.070 --> 09:14.210 +accept me. + +09:16.870 --> 09:19.710 +Well, what is this? Jesús, what is the + +09:19.710 --> 09:23.590 +next? What about? + +09:27.470 --> 09:30.310 +What about tête?угure? + +09:34.130 --> 09:36.090 +Cat. Huh. He, + +09:40.510 --> 09:41.550 +Saio? + +09:56.130 --> 09:58.270 +The same thing that you hear from + +09:58.270 --> 10:05.250 +Englishmen. . . . . . . . . . . . to be in + +10:05.250 --> 10:08.270 +the academy. And so, it was a special time + +10:08.270 --> 10:14.030 +in our day. Now, this is an example that + +10:14.030 --> 10:19.210 +is also implied that these people were + +10:19.210 --> 10:21.790 +more involved in the talk. People were + +10:21.790 --> 10:25.810 +involved in the mass media. The mass + +10:25.810 --> 10:30.990 +media. But they were all anxious to + +10:30.990 --> 10:32.170 +establish themselves themselves + +10:32.170 --> 10:34.850 +independent of the metropolitan portico + +10:34.850 --> 10:37.990 +and the independent nation of Angola and + +10:37.990 --> 10:40.210 +Angolese, is that the thing that they + +10:40.210 --> 10:43.010 +said? Well, that's what they mean, I + +10:43.010 --> 10:45.550 +didn't see it. And remember what I told + +10:45.550 --> 10:48.690 +you, I didn't see it. + +10:52.770 --> 10:55.450 +They kept writing and they kept saying + +10:55.450 --> 10:55.730 +that. + +11:01.870 --> 11:05.770 +That would be a nationalism, continue the + +11:05.770 --> 11:09.170 +traditional associations, which is what + +11:09.170 --> 11:12.010 +they mean in Portugal. Could that be a + +11:12.010 --> 11:14.730 +nationalism? Could that be? But I didn't + +11:14.730 --> 11:17.750 +find, this is nationalism, the morning of + +11:17.750 --> 11:21.090 +a place separate from the mother country. + +11:21.410 --> 11:25.870 +I didn't find it there. I didn't see it + +11:25.870 --> 11:26.030 +there. + +11:33.050 --> 11:33.650 +is + +11:47.070 --> 11:50.090 +now the next question i was interested in + +11:50.090 --> 11:50.450 +was this + +11:56.030 --> 11:59.730 +of the multiracial design. Now this is a + +11:59.730 --> 12:03.070 +very interesting thing of the immigrants + +12:04.750 --> 12:06.010 +in the United States. + +12:09.510 --> 12:13.150 +Multiracial design. Some have tried, but + +12:13.150 --> 12:17.690 +that's a fake. I say that's not a fake. If + +12:17.690 --> 12:19.230 +there's anything that the Portuguese have + +12:19.230 --> 12:22.950 +done in the beginning of their history, + +12:22.990 --> 12:26.070 +they have mixed with all races. regardless + +12:26.070 --> 12:30.790 +of color, regardless of country. I don't + +12:30.790 --> 12:32.490 +know why it is. Perhaps it's because of + +12:32.490 --> 12:35.350 +the history of Portugal. Portuguese have + +12:35.350 --> 12:37.930 +been a pride to discard color in marriage + +12:37.930 --> 12:39.210 +and religious associations. + +12:42.110 --> 12:45.050 +Cape Verde Islands is certainly a proof of + +12:45.050 --> 12:47.990 +that. The Portuguese state of India is + +12:47.990 --> 12:50.450 +certainly another proof of that. And + +12:50.450 --> 12:52.930 +Brazil is certainly another proof of that. + +13:08.570 --> 13:13.230 +I say you investigate the thing because my + +13:13.230 --> 13:15.670 +experience being Portuguese and knowing + +13:15.670 --> 13:18.430 +those In both situations it is not a fact. + +13:19.330 --> 13:24.770 +Multiracial society is genuine, harmonious + +13:24.770 --> 13:28.470 +for existence of the races, regardless of + +13:28.470 --> 13:32.890 +the pigment of one's skin. Now that's what + +13:32.890 --> 13:40.150 +I saw. That's what I knew. Now, what is + +13:40.150 --> 13:42.050 +this that's taking place in the world? + +13:43.750 --> 13:50.410 +What is it that Mr. Gavoy says? What is it + +13:50.410 --> 13:53.530 +that Mr. and Truman, John, do? + +13:59.390 --> 14:04.090 +Read the Negro author yourself. Black + +14:04.090 --> 14:08.350 +supremacy. Black supremacy is the moral of + +14:08.350 --> 14:09.210 +the United States. + +14:12.510 --> 14:15.290 +And if you're going to have black + +14:15.290 --> 14:20.010 +supremacy in these areas, that is being... + +14:20.010 --> 14:23.190 +This is the point where I say the other + +14:23.190 --> 14:28.270 +city is a squire. I don't think that's the + +14:28.270 --> 14:30.810 +case. In fact, I think the only solution + +14:30.810 --> 14:33.990 +to the problem is that Portugal is giving + +14:33.990 --> 14:38.630 +to the world. That's the only story for + +14:38.630 --> 14:41.270 +this thing. This thing is the best premise + +14:41.270 --> 14:44.050 +for the play of the week. It's full of + +14:44.050 --> 14:48.470 +delusions of men. Full of premeditated + +14:48.470 --> 14:51.230 +premonitions. All the odds and sides. And + +14:51.230 --> 14:54.190 +the middle of the show is on the... You do + +14:54.190 --> 14:56.850 +know I... You do know I... You do know + +14:56.850 --> 15:02.150 +I... I suppose every + +15:02.150 --> 15:04.710 +race of man is child. uh + +15:20.350 --> 15:28.430 +if this principle of black supremacy takes + +15:28.430 --> 15:31.850 +root, and I hope it does, if this + +15:31.850 --> 15:34.450 +principle of black supremacy takes root in + +15:34.450 --> 15:39.570 +Africa, I want you to think seriously of + +15:39.570 --> 15:44.150 +the effect, the impact it's going to have + +15:44.150 --> 15:47.230 +on many people in the United States, + +15:47.470 --> 15:52.730 +especially in the southern states. Because + +15:52.730 --> 15:57.910 +their thinking runs, if the Negro thinks + +15:57.910 --> 16:01.010 +this way, if he's speaking this way, then + +16:01.010 --> 16:03.330 +what is preventing him from trying to + +16:03.330 --> 16:06.310 +apply the same principle in the southern + +16:06.310 --> 16:12.090 +states? I say to you, think twice. There's + +16:12.090 --> 16:14.650 +a much better solution to these problems + +16:14.650 --> 16:18.790 +than the idea of supremacy for the white + +16:18.790 --> 16:25.210 +or supremacy for the black. Now the other + +16:25.210 --> 16:28.650 +thing that hurt me a great deal, as a + +16:28.650 --> 16:32.770 +question, is that charge with sadistic + +16:32.770 --> 16:33.250 +activities. + +16:36.050 --> 16:38.750 +isolated cases. I suppose if you were to + +16:38.750 --> 16:42.530 +take the days of the Fox clan, or the days + +16:42.530 --> 16:47.950 +of even Boston, some periods I've seen, + +16:48.230 --> 16:52.150 +and some of the experiences that I also + +16:52.150 --> 16:54.950 +have, incident in Japan, if you were to + +16:54.950 --> 16:57.930 +take a series of isolated instances, + +16:58.330 --> 17:03.670 +gather them together, you'd probably come + +17:03.670 --> 17:05.990 +to the conclusion that these people are + +17:05.990 --> 17:09.670 +sadistic. It reminds me one time I had an + +17:09.670 --> 17:14.650 +operation on my left eye, surprising to + +17:14.650 --> 17:17.770 +me, more of a cataract, an impact that I + +17:17.770 --> 17:20.910 +received. And I was in the hospital about + +17:20.910 --> 17:22.990 +six or seven days and when I get out I + +17:22.990 --> 17:26.630 +thought everybody had eye trouble. So be + +17:26.630 --> 17:31.150 +sure that your vision has greater scope + +17:31.150 --> 17:35.990 +than believing isolated cases which in + +17:35.990 --> 17:38.530 +most instances are presented without + +17:38.530 --> 17:42.390 +proof. And I as one say that a man makes a + +17:42.390 --> 17:45.050 +statement as I know he's a fabricator. + +17:45.310 --> 17:47.530 +I'll give him the benefit of the doubt to + +17:47.530 --> 17:51.470 +say it's true. But I didn't see any + +17:51.470 --> 17:55.530 +sadistic activity myself. A sadistic + +17:55.530 --> 17:59.390 +activity would be the use of the hand + +17:59.390 --> 18:04.030 +-rapper that I have seen in the paper, + +18:04.210 --> 18:07.930 +where one gentleman holds it out and the + +18:07.930 --> 18:10.550 +other sends it hand, and they demonstrate + +18:10.550 --> 18:14.830 +how the hand-rapper confuses. that they + +18:14.830 --> 18:18.390 +call the ponderatoria. I didn't see it. I + +18:18.390 --> 18:19.890 +know that when I was a boy I was beaten + +18:19.890 --> 18:24.370 +with a cane by Mr. Emerson, and there's + +18:24.370 --> 18:26.830 +the principal then for doing things that I + +18:26.830 --> 18:29.330 +shouldn't do as a boy. I suppose that + +18:29.330 --> 18:32.710 +would be, that's called a punishment, and + +18:32.710 --> 18:36.290 +that would cause someone to raise the + +18:36.290 --> 18:39.010 +eyebrow. But for sadistic activities, + +18:39.190 --> 18:41.470 +ladies and gentlemen, I didn't see any + +18:41.470 --> 18:47.750 +sadistic activities. Now the problem of + +18:47.750 --> 18:52.990 +education. This seems to be the + +18:52.990 --> 18:56.630 +opportunity of all the systems, with + +18:56.630 --> 19:02.750 +regard to defending itself against all + +19:02.750 --> 19:06.990 +these charges. It has been said that there + +19:06.990 --> 19:13.830 +is a low literacy rate in that. And I as + +19:13.830 --> 19:17.390 +an individual will say yes. And others + +19:17.390 --> 19:20.950 +will say yes. And then there are other + +19:20.950 --> 19:23.490 +statements that bring the term national. + +19:28.270 --> 19:32.250 +And because of the first accusation, + +19:32.250 --> 19:34.770 +accusations of wrecking the others + +19:34.770 --> 19:39.690 +acquired from truth. I have heard various + +19:39.690 --> 19:42.650 +statements that the literacy rate, for + +19:42.650 --> 19:43.470 +example, is decreasing. + +19:47.070 --> 19:50.330 +I, uh, the study missionaries for the + +19:50.330 --> 19:53.450 +French patril industry can tell the + +19:53.450 --> 19:57.250 +difference. Something called, meter. They + +19:57.250 --> 20:00.290 +said they listed a number of countries and + +20:00.290 --> 20:06.430 +they gained pipes. Pipes. Now, what is the + +20:06.430 --> 20:12.110 +story of the grapes? I know. The reason + +20:12.110 --> 20:14.930 +for this is that if machinery is built, + +20:14.930 --> 20:17.270 +they cook separate grapes. Some of the + +20:17.270 --> 20:19.210 +estate people who bought the... + +20:19.210 --> 20:21.150 +...impartialized the taste of the wine, + +20:21.230 --> 20:23.230 +the rich areas, the man-made skin areas, + +20:23.350 --> 20:24.850 +they mentioned that they used to... + +20:24.850 --> 20:27.610 +...breeze that one time. This aroma and + +20:27.610 --> 20:29.850 +taste are so important... But I noticed in + +20:29.850 --> 20:32.590 +an article in the Zedby book that they are + +20:32.590 --> 20:37.590 +tenacious. + +20:40.110 --> 20:43.830 +My own figure from my observation is + +20:43.830 --> 20:47.150 +between 15 and 12 centimeters. That's the + +20:47.150 --> 20:49.870 +figure I take. And it's just 15 + +20:49.870 --> 20:52.030 +centimeters. rather similar to Champagne, + +20:52.090 --> 20:55.770 +and the very + +20:55.770 --> 20:58.050 +sweet wines of the area around Grand Ole. + +20:59.110 --> 21:01.650 +One of the famous wines which is mentioned + +21:01.650 --> 21:03.990 +in English literature is a dill, namely + +21:03.990 --> 21:05.590 +Mamsie wine. I would say, for example, + +21:05.650 --> 21:08.910 +about 77% of the dill is a Grand Ole Grand + +21:08.910 --> 21:12.630 +Ole. The special characteristic of these + +21:12.630 --> 21:17.570 +are about approximately 70% of Champagne. + +21:18.850 --> 21:21.170 +These tribes each speak a dialect. + +21:24.190 --> 21:26.550 +Now, unfortunately, there are many people + +21:26.550 --> 21:29.730 +who use this language in their own + +21:29.730 --> 21:33.030 +language. These people don't understand + +21:33.030 --> 21:37.230 +that type of a thing. So it has made a + +21:37.230 --> 21:40.830 +contribution in that direction. It hasn't + +21:40.830 --> 21:44.810 +done anything else. Now, what I didn't see + +21:44.810 --> 21:50.850 +there, is that the average + +21:50.850 --> 21:53.770 +age of the administrator that I found in + +21:53.770 --> 22:00.510 +the area was 42, 43 years. There were only + +22:00.510 --> 22:04.350 +two administrators, two governors, and I + +22:04.350 --> 22:07.650 +met two of them over that. I could only be + +22:07.650 --> 22:12.290 +in northern was a colonel retired, a + +22:12.290 --> 22:15.890 +fellow by the name of Modesta and that was + +22:15.890 --> 22:19.110 +the moment of grief. The average age of + +22:19.110 --> 22:24.390 +the district governor was about 42. And + +22:24.390 --> 22:26.590 +there were two or three exceptions. There + +22:26.590 --> 22:29.990 +appeared to be a military that was able to + +22:29.990 --> 22:36.190 +option for him. and I also noticed the + +22:36.190 --> 22:40.710 +enthusiasm for the work of the city of + +22:40.710 --> 22:44.670 +Doris. It reminded me very much of the + +22:44.670 --> 22:50.590 +situation in Japan. I was there, the + +22:50.590 --> 22:53.470 +enthusiasm we had for the Civil Affairs + +22:53.470 --> 22:58.650 +and Military Government teams. So you have + +22:58.650 --> 23:02.170 +a great emphasis there to get these things + +23:02.170 --> 23:07.250 +done that have been said to be lacking in + +23:07.250 --> 23:11.030 +these areas. Effective law education. + +23:13.030 --> 23:17.790 +Ladies and gentlemen, I don't see this as + +23:17.790 --> 23:24.090 +an excuse for lack of education. But if + +23:24.090 --> 23:27.170 +you examine the record, if you examine the + +23:27.170 --> 23:32.730 +record of the airwaves, what you'll find + +23:32.730 --> 23:35.110 +is that they are very, very nice. + +23:47.230 --> 23:51.510 +I think that I've taken enough time to + +23:51.510 --> 23:51.510 +explain to you what I mean by the + +23:51.510 --> 23:55.650 +airwaves. I'm going to... There are + +23:55.650 --> 24:01.050 +several things I'd like to ask. If the + +24:01.050 --> 24:06.210 +enemies of the British push demand the + +24:06.210 --> 24:08.310 +immediate surrender of Angola, + +24:11.210 --> 24:16.690 +I want one. The fool. Who do you negotiate + +24:16.690 --> 24:23.210 +with? If they say you negotiate with the + +24:23.210 --> 24:29.930 +Nazis, or the rebels, or what you like to + +24:29.930 --> 24:35.310 +call terrorists, then that's + +24:35.310 --> 24:38.110 +just a thing you can say out there. You + +24:38.110 --> 24:42.330 +negotiate with whom? to negotiate with? To + +24:42.330 --> 24:44.830 +whom do you turn the reins of government? + +24:46.450 --> 24:49.870 +Who do you negotiate with? I want to know + +24:49.870 --> 24:52.250 +who are these people who claim that they + +24:52.250 --> 24:56.270 +represent the people of Angola? Who are + +24:56.270 --> 25:02.090 +they? Where do they come from? And if you + +25:02.090 --> 25:07.450 +say, own your battles, marry the Niazak, + +25:07.450 --> 25:11.210 +out if you say these two men represent the + +25:11.210 --> 25:15.190 +people of angola where is the element of + +25:15.190 --> 25:19.330 +self-determination isn't self + +25:19.330 --> 25:23.190 +-determination doesn't signify that people + +25:23.190 --> 25:27.730 +have a choice is this + +25:27.730 --> 25:30.990 +to + +25:30.990 --> 25:31.410 +be achieved + +25:37.450 --> 25:40.670 +the exceptional philosophy that I was not + +25:40.670 --> 25:45.150 +here to pursue. He did surrender to the + +25:45.150 --> 25:47.890 +mere fact that the country is not repaired + +25:47.890 --> 25:53.550 +is no excuse. Now the missionaries have + +25:53.550 --> 26:01.270 +said negotiate. I was home. Was home. And + +26:01.270 --> 26:04.450 +I'm very important to the state. And if a + +26:04.450 --> 26:07.010 +man says, I represent the United States, + +26:08.310 --> 26:12.050 +the people have to know that it's like the + +26:12.050 --> 26:16.330 +following of the political campaign, the + +26:16.330 --> 26:19.890 +Supreme Court, the Supreme Court doesn't + +26:19.890 --> 26:23.190 +represent its whites. The economy tells us + +26:23.190 --> 26:25.850 +exactly what the situation is. But a man + +26:25.850 --> 26:30.710 +says, I represent this. I was in street + +26:30.710 --> 26:34.750 +commerce for hours. I commented. I asked, + +26:34.770 --> 26:35.890 +do you know Holger Barrow? + +26:38.650 --> 26:42.090 +Good. The same thing I applied when I + +26:42.090 --> 26:46.450 +said, you know, you know, I didn't know + +26:46.450 --> 26:50.910 +him. I was just, I was just, he was named + +26:50.910 --> 26:52.050 +by me. Good. + +26:56.010 --> 27:01.110 +I wonder if the claim is that Holden Perot + +27:01.110 --> 27:06.090 +actually represents somebody. Harry + +27:06.090 --> 27:08.550 +Leandrani is the defendant, John Merriman. + +27:09.210 --> 27:12.030 +Holden Perot has denied any comments. + +27:27.150 --> 27:31.410 +I would stake my right arm on him. that if + +27:31.410 --> 27:34.010 +Holden Roberto ever takes control of + +27:34.010 --> 27:37.070 +Angola, he will be another Castro, and + +27:37.070 --> 27:39.110 +I'll stake my right arm, and I'll be like + +27:39.110 --> 27:41.330 +that rope who put it right over the fire + +27:41.330 --> 27:44.490 +and committed it to burn. The Holden + +27:44.490 --> 27:46.770 +-Roberto method is not that way. + +27:49.550 --> 27:55.550 +They say, well, truth is very high. Other, + +27:55.610 --> 27:59.670 +other things. The Chinese are interested. + +28:00.770 --> 28:04.730 +The end is near. The beginnings are very, + +28:04.770 --> 28:07.790 +very quiet. There are the great, great, + +28:07.930 --> 28:11.750 +great, expression of the ideas of the + +28:11.750 --> 28:15.750 +years. More racism, more discrimination, + +28:16.350 --> 28:19.670 +more politics, and the ideas of the great, + +28:19.710 --> 28:23.210 +great, great, and the public health + +28:23.210 --> 28:26.790 +statistics. And all of the others, and + +28:26.790 --> 28:30.650 +they were + +28:30.650 --> 28:38.310 +not living + +28:38.310 --> 28:40.330 +with God. They were living with God as + +28:40.330 --> 28:42.370 +well as they were living with God. And the + +28:42.370 --> 28:45.610 +fact that the comparisons were bothering + +28:45.610 --> 28:48.370 +us in Herod, the comparisons were to the + +28:48.370 --> 28:52.030 +hymn. now let's not make the same mistake + +28:52.030 --> 28:58.470 +in this whole business of anger. I am so + +28:58.470 --> 29:04.010 +out of the behind human hearts. I would + +29:04.010 --> 29:07.730 +like to see no man that's in my way that + +29:07.730 --> 29:11.590 +works for me, I can't otherwise than the + +29:11.590 --> 29:13.730 +interest of ours and the opportunity. + +29:15.990 --> 29:20.270 +Remember this, the one thing that perhaps + +29:20.270 --> 29:25.590 +Perhaps we should understand that these + +29:25.590 --> 29:31.270 +tribes in Angola, because of their past + +29:31.270 --> 29:34.950 +history, have not had the economic + +29:34.950 --> 29:40.690 +incentives that perhaps the mind-minds of + +29:40.690 --> 29:43.970 +the British are so bad. I think the work + +29:43.970 --> 29:46.150 +that's going on here, the people who have + +29:46.150 --> 29:49.070 +been gathered to build, you're getting + +29:49.070 --> 29:53.770 +people who are people who don't see the + +29:53.770 --> 29:57.850 +question. You're getting an education, and + +29:57.850 --> 29:59.890 +the education making it possible for them + +29:59.890 --> 30:04.350 +to take advantage of the job. That's + +30:04.350 --> 30:06.790 +wonderful. Everybody is all in favor of + +30:06.790 --> 30:10.250 +that. But there's also a disinformation + +30:10.250 --> 30:13.450 +among the men who are charged with student + +30:13.450 --> 30:16.390 +abuse, and more than that information. I + +30:16.390 --> 30:18.530 +sometimes wonder whether the matter should + +30:18.530 --> 30:24.050 +not be imposed on a compulsory basis. I + +30:24.050 --> 30:25.630 +think there are some laws in this country + +30:25.630 --> 30:27.610 +I know of that are not sending children to + +30:27.610 --> 30:29.070 +school and get out of the parents' house + +30:29.070 --> 30:31.210 +and forced them to go to school. Well, + +30:31.470 --> 30:35.510 +there hasn't been this impulsory feature + +30:35.510 --> 30:40.190 +of education in Angola. Then you have + +30:40.190 --> 30:44.470 +problems of society, for example. The + +30:44.470 --> 30:47.630 +tribe there has certain customs to live + +30:47.630 --> 30:49.750 +by. I think it means that that's separate. + +30:50.830 --> 30:53.190 +I'm not from Angola. I'm from Angola. I'm + +30:53.190 --> 30:57.010 +from Angola. I'm from Angola. I'm from + +30:57.010 --> 30:57.530 +Angola. + +31:12.670 --> 31:19.010 +I have seen + +31:19.010 --> 31:23.210 +night schools with hundreds going to + +31:23.210 --> 31:25.430 +thousands if you want to, of all the + +31:25.430 --> 31:28.370 +students. of students who were studying + +31:28.370 --> 31:31.310 +and now maybe this is something that + +31:31.310 --> 31:35.130 +should just come up. I don't know. I saw + +31:35.130 --> 31:38.890 +this business. I also have a friend who I + +31:38.890 --> 31:41.750 +met who was planning and just asked a + +31:41.750 --> 31:46.390 +little girl to assist him to read to see + +31:46.390 --> 31:47.770 +how well she was doing. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/xv681hq1696_sl_m4a.vtt b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/xv681hq1696_sl_m4a.vtt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..983079f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/xv681hq1696_sl_m4a.vtt @@ -0,0 +1,1358 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:06.420 --> 00:09.220 +Thank you. + +00:30.000 --> 00:33.000 +for it because the fact that the more I + +00:33.000 --> 00:36.560 +doubt over this reminds me of my years of + +00:36.560 --> 00:39.220 +law study when the end of the fourth year + +00:39.220 --> 00:39.900 +came along. + +00:48.260 --> 00:52.300 +Subject, but I get by the bar anyway. Now + +00:52.300 --> 00:55.920 +I am particularly interested in this + +00:55.920 --> 00:59.040 +subject. I came connected with a firm + +00:59.040 --> 01:00.860 +called Salvage and Lee, it was a public + +01:00.860 --> 01:03.800 +relations firm. Now the reason I say this, + +01:03.820 --> 01:06.620 +because I was in charge, was having my + +01:06.620 --> 01:10.100 +opinions made biased or prejudiced or + +01:10.100 --> 01:13.040 +whatnot, because I am connected with this + +01:13.040 --> 01:15.900 +public relations firm. The only thing, I + +01:15.900 --> 01:18.160 +gave this a whole lot of thinking, and the + +01:18.160 --> 01:19.540 +reason I explained it, two years because + +01:19.540 --> 01:21.460 +there have been many questions asked about + +01:21.460 --> 01:25.440 +it throughout the country. I thought of it + +01:25.440 --> 01:28.060 +and I said, well, a soldier who is in the + +01:28.060 --> 01:30.580 +field, such as I'm a major in the reserve, + +01:30.840 --> 01:34.000 +I'm paid. Am I this less this lawyer + +01:34.000 --> 01:37.380 +because I'm paid? A man who's an + +01:37.380 --> 01:41.260 +ambassador, is he less loyal to the + +01:41.260 --> 01:43.760 +country because he's paid? On the other + +01:43.760 --> 01:46.020 +hand, a man has certain obligations to his + +01:46.020 --> 01:49.040 +family. I have three boys, one of them is + +01:49.040 --> 01:53.040 +going to college. and I thought I was + +01:53.040 --> 01:55.180 +going to proceed on this whole business, + +01:55.360 --> 01:59.100 +but nothing. My wife quickly discouraged + +01:59.100 --> 02:01.180 +me of that, reminding me that I had three + +02:01.180 --> 02:04.920 +sons and one of them in college, and I'd + +02:04.920 --> 02:08.180 +better think twice before proceeding on + +02:08.180 --> 02:10.980 +such a close of activity. Now that fully + +02:10.980 --> 02:13.620 +explains my situation so that you people + +02:13.620 --> 02:16.460 +can assess for yourselves house whatever i + +02:16.460 --> 02:19.940 +have to say if you want to do so now + +02:19.940 --> 02:25.680 +ladies and gentlemen when a man is a + +02:25.680 --> 02:30.020 +certain ethnic group and then he hears bad + +02:30.020 --> 02:33.260 +things about that ethnic group and all his + +02:33.260 --> 02:35.940 +life he's heard nothing but the best of + +02:35.940 --> 02:40.300 +his uh his ancestors or people from whom + +02:40.300 --> 02:42.980 +he is descendants and in my case i'm uh + +02:42.980 --> 02:45.860 +i'm not even the senator i was born there + +02:45.860 --> 02:48.640 +and i always thought the portuguese had a + +02:48.640 --> 02:51.660 +fine western reputation but they were + +02:51.660 --> 02:54.400 +people that made certain accountabilities + +02:54.400 --> 02:59.480 +in civilization especially in discovery + +02:59.480 --> 03:03.920 +pathology and science and navigation i + +03:03.920 --> 03:05.620 +also know and this I want to tell you + +03:05.620 --> 03:07.160 +something strange to you, that in the + +03:07.160 --> 03:09.540 +history of literature, the great + +03:09.540 --> 03:12.220 +contributions of the culture of today are + +03:12.220 --> 03:15.240 +entirely unknown. We have writers who are + +03:15.240 --> 03:17.120 +equal in dignity, intelligence, and + +03:17.120 --> 03:19.240 +humility. I say this because I've studied + +03:19.240 --> 03:21.340 +them, and I think I'm the native to make a + +03:21.340 --> 03:23.960 +comparison. We have also great grammars. + +03:24.160 --> 03:27.460 +We have probably the second outstanding + +03:27.460 --> 03:31.160 +epic poet of the world in Camões. Don't + +03:31.160 --> 03:34.120 +take it from my own authority. Take it + +03:34.120 --> 03:38.120 +from Cecil Bowles. Oh, my goodness. Come + +03:38.120 --> 03:44.980 +on, second only. Who are you? So I + +03:44.980 --> 03:47.680 +undertook, with all this interest, to look + +03:47.680 --> 03:49.600 +into several charges that were being made. + +03:49.700 --> 03:54.660 +One of the charges was that a human, and + +03:54.660 --> 03:59.260 +called her a Moslem, was a grave terror. A + +03:59.260 --> 04:00.060 +grave terror. + +04:02.840 --> 04:05.380 +Now, I may be approaching this wrong, but + +04:05.380 --> 04:07.200 +I'm going to do it so that you can push it + +04:07.200 --> 04:10.600 +in. A reign of terror, in my own opinion, + +04:10.820 --> 04:14.580 +at least it implies this, minimally + +04:14.580 --> 04:18.760 +implies it. An apprehension of fear. An + +04:18.760 --> 04:22.780 +intending danger. Now, if it doesn't imply + +04:22.780 --> 04:24.520 +that, if it doesn't have that, then I + +04:24.520 --> 04:27.020 +don't know what a reign of terror is. It + +04:27.020 --> 04:32.700 +may mean other things, but it may mean + +04:32.700 --> 04:35.720 +the exact course of place he lost in 1516. + +04:36.200 --> 04:41.140 +And there are the non-border Angola and + +04:41.140 --> 04:46.040 +the terrorist king Donald Trump and Hitler + +04:46.040 --> 04:46.430 +massacred + +04:49.390 --> 04:57.970 +Now if this job is very dangerous, I don't + +04:57.970 --> 05:03.770 +see it. I don't see it. I don't see it. + +05:04.190 --> 05:08.650 +Please hold the hand over. And I see about + +05:08.650 --> 05:12.610 +the eight. and, unfortunately, in 200,000 + +05:12.610 --> 05:18.670 +colors. A perfect makeup, where there was + +05:18.670 --> 05:22.610 +no lack of the green of the eyes and the + +05:22.610 --> 05:25.270 +brown of the color of the nose. Her + +05:25.270 --> 05:30.370 +husband, Alexei, at the time, wore the + +05:30.370 --> 05:35.410 +sun's halo with a heart-shaped coat. They + +05:35.410 --> 05:39.090 +traveled over the Euro, they traveled over + +05:39.090 --> 05:42.770 +the course, they reached the southern part + +05:42.770 --> 05:45.530 +of the country. They could not reach the + +05:45.530 --> 05:49.350 +northern part of the country. Tell me + +05:49.350 --> 05:52.350 +who's this? The great, small, established + +05:52.350 --> 05:57.510 +Soviet. The way it has to be. Some of the + +05:57.510 --> 05:59.390 +students don't stop without having a + +05:59.390 --> 06:03.810 +drink. I mean, they're the boys. Now, when + +06:03.810 --> 06:07.950 +I arrived in Luanda, I actually did not + +06:07.950 --> 06:16.070 +observe the type of city. I know that the + +06:16.070 --> 06:18.650 +story of the Maristus came in from the + +06:18.650 --> 06:21.490 +Maristus. I know that the city was a place + +06:21.490 --> 06:25.450 +of wonder. All the wonderful things that + +06:25.450 --> 06:27.430 +he managed to do. The beautiful city of + +06:27.430 --> 06:32.110 +the sea. The scope of architecture is one + +06:32.110 --> 06:35.250 +of the most futuristic. One of the + +06:35.250 --> 06:38.210 +loveliest places. Well, there's another + +06:38.210 --> 06:46.570 +area. The Giro de Gara. Also, the Giro de + +06:46.570 --> 06:49.090 +Gara. The Giro de Gara. The Giro de Gara. + +06:49.250 --> 06:52.570 +The Giro de Gara. + +06:56.570 --> 06:57.570 +. + +07:10.550 --> 07:15.470 +So, from that, you traveling. Spring out + +07:15.470 --> 07:37.830 +the usa. . various times i don't + +07:37.830 --> 07:41.090 +think that that represents fear They ask + +07:41.090 --> 07:43.430 +questions to the citizens here, and if + +07:43.430 --> 07:45.550 +this is universal, that doesn't mean it's + +07:45.550 --> 07:49.090 +fear. Fear would mean that people run away + +07:49.090 --> 07:52.770 +from it, just get out of the way. That's + +07:52.770 --> 07:56.650 +fear. Now, the next problem that I was + +07:56.650 --> 07:58.910 +very much interested in checking with two + +07:58.910 --> 08:02.150 +of the officials of the National, it is + +08:02.150 --> 08:06.350 +that there are rising expectations of + +08:06.350 --> 08:10.950 +national community movement. Now, rising + +08:10.950 --> 08:12.830 +expectations, that is a beautiful phrase, + +08:12.930 --> 08:18.950 +rising expectations. And so, in this + +08:18.950 --> 08:22.510 +video, I have a little statement. And I + +08:22.510 --> 08:28.010 +will repeat it. I ask the question, do you + +08:28.010 --> 08:32.230 +understand? Do you understand? And here we + +08:32.230 --> 08:36.110 +go, there's a difference, there's a + +08:36.110 --> 08:40.690 +difference. It's the angel of God. What + +08:40.690 --> 08:43.510 +are you getting at? What is this writing? + +08:44.290 --> 08:46.870 +After you've gone and destroyed the seed + +08:46.870 --> 08:49.710 +of Obavagah, you've gone and destroyed + +08:49.710 --> 08:55.510 +your reward. And listen, you have not won + +08:55.510 --> 08:57.770 +the first man you've ever seen. + +09:15.130 --> 09:25.290 +Well, what is next? What is + +09:25.290 --> 09:27.750 +what is next? + +10:29.190 --> 10:31.370 +But they are all actors who established + +10:31.370 --> 10:33.490 +themselves independent from the + +10:33.490 --> 10:36.150 +metropolitan portico and the independent + +10:36.150 --> 10:39.350 +nation of Angola and Angolese and that's + +10:39.350 --> 10:42.070 +the thing that they did. Well, that's what + +10:42.070 --> 10:44.910 +they mean, I didn't see it. And remember + +10:44.910 --> 10:48.670 +what I told you, I didn't see it. + +10:52.650 --> 10:55.490 +They have no right to take everything on + +10:55.490 --> 11:02.610 +the ground. There will be + +11:02.610 --> 11:05.990 +a nationalism, continued traditional + +11:05.990 --> 11:11.590 +associations, with the portals, could that + +11:11.590 --> 11:15.430 +be a nationalism? But I didn't find, this + +11:15.430 --> 11:17.710 +is national news, the morning is + +11:17.710 --> 11:20.830 +completely separate from the mother + +11:20.830 --> 11:25.370 +country. I didn't find it there. I didn't + +11:25.370 --> 11:28.510 +see it. I mean, the other side, the + +11:28.510 --> 11:31.250 +mother, the observers over there, they did + +11:31.250 --> 11:32.070 +say that. + +11:47.370 --> 11:50.090 +Now, the next question I was interested in + +11:50.090 --> 11:54.130 +was this. We saw, for example, the + +11:54.130 --> 11:59.990 +multiracial design. Now this is a very + +11:59.990 --> 12:05.510 +interesting thing of the human race in the + +12:05.510 --> 12:10.550 +United States. All the generations are. + +12:11.430 --> 12:15.370 +Some have charged that that's a fake. I + +12:15.370 --> 12:18.110 +say that's not a fake. If there's anything + +12:18.110 --> 12:21.810 +that the Portuguese have done in the + +12:21.810 --> 12:23.730 +beginning of their history, They have + +12:23.730 --> 12:26.670 +mixed with all races, regardless of color, + +12:26.830 --> 12:31.350 +regardless of country. I don't know why it + +12:31.350 --> 12:33.070 +is. Perhaps it's because of the history of + +12:33.070 --> 12:36.010 +Portugal. The Portuguese have been a pride + +12:36.010 --> 12:38.590 +to discard color in marriage and in many + +12:38.590 --> 12:39.310 +of its associations. + +12:42.190 --> 12:45.110 +Cape Verde Islands is certainly a proof of + +12:45.110 --> 12:47.990 +that. The Portuguese state of India is + +12:47.990 --> 12:50.450 +certainly another proof of that. And + +12:50.450 --> 12:52.870 +Brazil is certainly another proof of that. + +12:53.010 --> 12:55.450 +The fact is, you should be able to give + +12:55.450 --> 12:59.030 +the people a chance to do that. They'll be + +12:59.030 --> 13:04.270 +able to do it. One day when you hear that + +13:04.270 --> 13:07.290 +this is a population-style council in the + +13:07.290 --> 13:11.270 +United States, I say to you, investigate + +13:11.270 --> 13:14.510 +the thing, because in my experience, being + +13:14.510 --> 13:16.650 +Portuguese, is annoying, but in those + +13:16.650 --> 13:19.430 +situations it is not a thing. The + +13:19.430 --> 13:22.070 +multiracial society, principally, is + +13:22.070 --> 13:26.930 +genuine, harmonious for existence of the + +13:26.930 --> 13:29.750 +races, regardless of the pigment in one's + +13:29.750 --> 13:34.430 +skin. Now that's what I saw. That's what I + +13:34.430 --> 13:34.950 +knew. + +13:38.090 --> 13:41.610 +Now, what is this that's taking place in + +13:41.610 --> 13:45.330 +the world today? What is it that Mr. + +13:45.430 --> 13:51.830 +Deloitte said? What is it that Mr. Truma + +13:51.830 --> 13:52.190 +John + +13:58.310 --> 14:04.090 +read the Negro author yourself. Black + +14:04.090 --> 14:08.370 +supremacy. Black supremacy is the moral of + +14:08.370 --> 14:09.270 +the United States. + +14:12.570 --> 14:15.290 +And if you're going to have black + +14:15.290 --> 14:20.010 +supremacy in these areas, that is being... + +14:20.010 --> 14:23.050 +This is the voice of the white state and + +14:23.050 --> 14:27.710 +the state of the world. I don't think + +14:27.710 --> 14:30.490 +that's the case. In fact, I think the only + +14:30.490 --> 14:33.330 +solution to the problem is that Portugal + +14:33.330 --> 14:37.910 +is given to the world. That's the only + +14:37.910 --> 14:40.570 +story for this thing. This thing is the + +14:40.570 --> 14:42.410 +best premise for the play of the week. + +14:43.330 --> 14:47.390 +It's full of delusions of men. Full of + +14:47.390 --> 14:50.350 +premeditated premonitions. All the odds + +14:50.350 --> 14:51.990 +and sides. And the middle of the show is + +14:51.990 --> 14:55.690 +on the... You do know I... You do know + +14:55.690 --> 15:02.150 +I... You do know I... I suppose every + +15:02.150 --> 15:04.710 +race of man is child. uh + +15:20.350 --> 15:28.430 +if this principle of black supremacy takes + +15:28.430 --> 15:31.850 +root, and I hope it does, if this + +15:31.850 --> 15:34.450 +principle of black supremacy takes root in + +15:34.450 --> 15:39.570 +Africa, I want you to think seriously of + +15:39.570 --> 15:44.150 +the effect, the impact it's going to have + +15:44.150 --> 15:47.230 +on many people in the United States, + +15:47.470 --> 15:52.730 +especially in the southern states. Because + +15:52.730 --> 15:57.910 +their thinking runs, if the Negro thinks + +15:57.910 --> 16:01.010 +this way, if he's speaking this way, then + +16:01.010 --> 16:03.330 +what is preventing him from trying to + +16:03.330 --> 16:06.310 +apply the same principle in the southern + +16:06.310 --> 16:12.090 +states? I say to you, think twice. There's + +16:12.090 --> 16:14.650 +a much better solution to these problems + +16:14.650 --> 16:18.790 +than the idea of supremacy for the white + +16:18.790 --> 16:25.210 +or supremacy for the black. Now the other + +16:25.210 --> 16:28.650 +thing that hurt me a great deal, as a + +16:28.650 --> 16:32.770 +question, is that charge with sadistic + +16:32.770 --> 16:33.250 +activities. + +16:36.050 --> 16:38.750 +isolated cases. I suppose if you were to + +16:38.750 --> 16:42.530 +take the days of the Fox clan, or the days + +16:42.530 --> 16:47.950 +of even Boston, some periods I've seen, + +16:48.230 --> 16:52.150 +and some of the experiences that I also + +16:52.150 --> 16:54.950 +have, incident in Japan, if you were to + +16:54.950 --> 16:57.930 +take a series of isolated instances, + +16:58.330 --> 17:03.670 +gather them together, you'd probably come + +17:03.670 --> 17:05.990 +to the conclusion that these people are + +17:05.990 --> 17:09.670 +sadistic. It reminds me one time I had an + +17:09.670 --> 17:14.650 +operation on my left eye, surprising to + +17:14.650 --> 17:17.770 +me, more of a cataract, an impact that I + +17:17.770 --> 17:20.910 +received. And I was in the hospital about + +17:20.910 --> 17:22.990 +six or seven days and when I get out I + +17:22.990 --> 17:26.630 +thought everybody had eye trouble. So be + +17:26.630 --> 17:31.150 +sure that your vision has greater scope + +17:31.150 --> 17:35.990 +than believing isolated cases which in + +17:35.990 --> 17:38.530 +most instances are presented without + +17:38.530 --> 17:42.390 +proof. And I as one say that a man makes a + +17:42.390 --> 17:45.050 +statement as I know he's a fabricator. + +17:45.310 --> 17:47.530 +I'll give him the benefit of the doubt to + +17:47.530 --> 17:51.470 +say it's true. But I didn't see any + +17:51.470 --> 17:55.530 +sadistic activity myself. A sadistic + +17:55.530 --> 17:59.390 +activity would be the use of the hand + +17:59.390 --> 18:04.030 +-rapper that I have seen in the paper, + +18:04.210 --> 18:07.930 +where one gentleman holds it out and the + +18:07.930 --> 18:10.550 +other sends it hand, and they demonstrate + +18:10.550 --> 18:14.830 +how the hand-rapper confuses. that they + +18:14.830 --> 18:18.390 +call the ponderatoria. I didn't see it. I + +18:18.390 --> 18:19.890 +know that when I was a boy I was beaten + +18:19.890 --> 18:24.370 +with a cane by Mr. Emerson, and there's + +18:24.370 --> 18:26.830 +the principal then for doing things that I + +18:26.830 --> 18:29.330 +shouldn't do as a boy. I suppose that + +18:29.330 --> 18:32.710 +would be, that's called a punishment, and + +18:32.710 --> 18:36.290 +that would cause someone to raise the + +18:36.290 --> 18:39.010 +eyebrow. But for sadistic activities, + +18:39.190 --> 18:41.470 +ladies and gentlemen, I didn't see any + +18:41.470 --> 18:47.750 +sadistic activities. Now the problem of + +18:47.750 --> 18:52.990 +education. This seems to be the + +18:52.990 --> 18:56.630 +opportunity of all the systems, with + +18:56.630 --> 19:02.750 +regard to defending itself against all + +19:02.750 --> 19:06.990 +these charges. It has been said that there + +19:06.990 --> 19:13.830 +is a low literacy rate in that. And I as + +19:13.830 --> 19:17.390 +an individual will say yes. And others + +19:17.390 --> 19:20.950 +will say yes. And then there are other + +19:20.950 --> 19:23.490 +statements that bring the term national. + +19:28.270 --> 19:32.250 +And because of the first accusation, + +19:32.250 --> 19:34.770 +accusations of wrecking the others + +19:34.770 --> 19:39.690 +acquired from truth. I have heard various + +19:39.690 --> 19:42.650 +statements that the literacy rate, for + +19:42.650 --> 19:43.470 +example, is decreasing. + +19:47.070 --> 19:50.330 +I, uh, the study missionaries for the + +19:50.330 --> 19:53.450 +French patril industry can tell the + +19:53.450 --> 19:57.250 +difference. Something called, meter. They + +19:57.250 --> 20:00.290 +said they listed a number of countries and + +20:00.290 --> 20:06.430 +they gained pipes. Pipes. Now, what is the + +20:06.430 --> 20:12.110 +story of the grapes? I know. The reason + +20:12.110 --> 20:14.930 +for this is that if machinery is built, + +20:14.930 --> 20:17.270 +they cook separate grapes. Some of the + +20:17.270 --> 20:19.210 +estate people who bought the... + +20:19.210 --> 20:21.150 +...impartialized the taste of the wine, + +20:21.230 --> 20:23.230 +the rich areas, the man-made skin areas, + +20:23.350 --> 20:24.850 +they mentioned that they used to... + +20:24.850 --> 20:27.610 +...breeze that one time. This aroma and + +20:27.610 --> 20:29.850 +taste are so important... But I noticed in + +20:29.850 --> 20:32.590 +an article in the Zedby book that they are + +20:32.590 --> 20:37.590 +tenacious. + +20:40.110 --> 20:43.830 +My own figure from my observation is + +20:43.830 --> 20:47.150 +between 15 and 12 centimeters. That's the + +20:47.150 --> 20:49.870 +figure I take. And it's just 15 + +20:49.870 --> 20:52.030 +centimeters. rather similar to Champagne, + +20:52.090 --> 20:55.770 +and the very + +20:55.770 --> 20:58.050 +sweet wines of the area around Grand Ole. + +20:59.110 --> 21:01.650 +One of the famous wines which is mentioned + +21:01.650 --> 21:03.990 +in English literature is a dill, namely + +21:03.990 --> 21:05.590 +Mamsie wine. I would say, for example, + +21:05.650 --> 21:08.910 +about 77% of the dill is a Grand Ole Grand + +21:08.910 --> 21:12.630 +Ole. The special characteristic of these + +21:12.630 --> 21:17.570 +are about approximately 70% of Champagne. + +21:18.850 --> 21:21.170 +These tribes each speak a dialect. + +21:24.190 --> 21:26.550 +Now, unfortunately, there are many people + +21:26.550 --> 21:29.730 +who use this language in their own + +21:29.730 --> 21:33.030 +language. These people don't understand + +21:33.030 --> 21:37.230 +that type of a thing. So it has made a + +21:37.230 --> 21:40.830 +contribution in that direction. It hasn't + +21:40.830 --> 21:44.810 +done anything else. Now, what I didn't see + +21:44.810 --> 21:50.850 +there, is that the average + +21:50.850 --> 21:53.770 +age of the administrator that I found in + +21:53.770 --> 22:00.510 +the area was 42, 43 years. There were only + +22:00.510 --> 22:04.350 +two administrators, two governors, and I + +22:04.350 --> 22:07.650 +met two of them over that. I could only be + +22:07.650 --> 22:12.290 +in northern was a colonel retired, a + +22:12.290 --> 22:15.890 +fellow by the name of Modesta and that was + +22:15.890 --> 22:19.110 +the moment of grief. The average age of + +22:19.110 --> 22:24.390 +the district governor was about 42. And + +22:24.390 --> 22:26.590 +there were two or three exceptions. There + +22:26.590 --> 22:29.990 +appeared to be a military that was able to + +22:29.990 --> 22:36.190 +option for him. and I also noticed the + +22:36.190 --> 22:40.710 +enthusiasm for the work of the city of + +22:40.710 --> 22:44.670 +Doris. It reminded me very much of the + +22:44.670 --> 22:50.590 +situation in Japan. I was there, the + +22:50.590 --> 22:53.470 +enthusiasm we had for the Civil Affairs + +22:53.470 --> 22:58.650 +and Military Government teams. So you have + +22:58.650 --> 23:02.170 +a great emphasis there to get these things + +23:02.170 --> 23:07.250 +done that have been said to be lacking in + +23:07.250 --> 23:11.030 +these areas. Effective law education. + +23:13.030 --> 23:17.790 +Ladies and gentlemen, I don't see this as + +23:17.790 --> 23:24.090 +an excuse for lack of education. But if + +23:24.090 --> 23:27.170 +you examine the record, if you examine the + +23:27.170 --> 23:32.730 +record of the airwaves, what you'll find + +23:32.730 --> 23:35.110 +is that they are very, very nice. + +23:47.230 --> 23:51.510 +I think that I've taken enough time to + +23:51.510 --> 23:51.510 +explain to you what I mean by the + +23:51.510 --> 23:55.650 +airwaves. I'm going to... There are + +23:55.650 --> 24:01.050 +several things I'd like to ask. If the + +24:01.050 --> 24:06.210 +enemies of the British push demand the + +24:06.210 --> 24:08.310 +immediate surrender of Angola, + +24:11.210 --> 24:16.690 +I want one. The fool. Who do you negotiate + +24:16.690 --> 24:23.210 +with? If they say you negotiate with the + +24:23.210 --> 24:29.930 +Nazis, or the rebels, or what you like to + +24:29.930 --> 24:35.310 +call terrorists, then that's + +24:35.310 --> 24:38.110 +just a thing you can say out there. You + +24:38.110 --> 24:42.330 +negotiate with whom? to negotiate with? To + +24:42.330 --> 24:44.830 +whom do you turn the reins of government? + +24:46.450 --> 24:49.870 +Who do you negotiate with? I want to know + +24:49.870 --> 24:52.250 +who are these people who claim that they + +24:52.250 --> 24:56.270 +represent the people of Angola? Who are + +24:56.270 --> 25:02.090 +they? Where do they come from? And if you + +25:02.090 --> 25:07.450 +say, own your battles, marry the Niazak, + +25:07.450 --> 25:11.210 +out if you say these two men represent the + +25:11.210 --> 25:15.190 +people of angola where is the element of + +25:15.190 --> 25:19.330 +self-determination isn't self + +25:19.330 --> 25:23.190 +-determination doesn't signify that people + +25:23.190 --> 25:27.730 +have a choice is this + +25:27.730 --> 25:30.990 +to + +25:30.990 --> 25:31.410 +be achieved + +25:37.450 --> 25:40.670 +the exceptional philosophy that I was not + +25:40.670 --> 25:45.150 +here to pursue. He did surrender to the + +25:45.150 --> 25:47.890 +mere fact that the country is not repaired + +25:47.890 --> 25:53.550 +is no excuse. Now the missionaries have + +25:53.550 --> 26:01.270 +said negotiate. I was home. Was home. And + +26:01.270 --> 26:04.450 +I'm very important to the state. And if a + +26:04.450 --> 26:07.010 +man says, I represent the United States, + +26:08.310 --> 26:12.050 +the people have to know that it's like the + +26:12.050 --> 26:16.330 +following of the political campaign, the + +26:16.330 --> 26:19.890 +Supreme Court, the Supreme Court doesn't + +26:19.890 --> 26:23.190 +represent its whites. The economy tells us + +26:23.190 --> 26:25.850 +exactly what the situation is. But a man + +26:25.850 --> 26:30.710 +says, I represent this. I was in street + +26:30.710 --> 26:34.750 +commerce for hours. I commented. I asked, + +26:34.770 --> 26:35.890 +do you know Holger Barrow? + +26:38.650 --> 26:42.090 +Good. The same thing I applied when I + +26:42.090 --> 26:46.450 +said, you know, you know, I didn't know + +26:46.450 --> 26:50.910 +him. I was just, I was just, he was named + +26:50.910 --> 26:52.050 +by me. Good. + +26:56.010 --> 27:01.110 +I wonder if the claim is that Holden Perot + +27:01.110 --> 27:06.090 +actually represents somebody. Harry + +27:06.090 --> 27:08.550 +Leandrani is the defendant, John Merriman. + +27:09.210 --> 27:12.030 +Holden Perot has denied any comments. + +27:27.150 --> 27:31.410 +I would stake my right arm on him. that if + +27:31.410 --> 27:34.010 +Holden Roberto ever takes control of + +27:34.010 --> 27:37.070 +Angola, he will be another Castro, and + +27:37.070 --> 27:39.110 +I'll stake my right arm, and I'll be like + +27:39.110 --> 27:41.330 +that rope who put it right over the fire + +27:41.330 --> 27:44.490 +and committed it to burn. The Holden + +27:44.490 --> 27:46.770 +-Roberto method is not that way. + +27:49.550 --> 27:55.550 +They say, well, truth is very high. Other, + +27:55.610 --> 27:59.670 +other things. The Chinese are interested. + +28:00.770 --> 28:04.730 +The end is near. The beginnings are very, + +28:04.770 --> 28:07.790 +very quiet. There are the great, great, + +28:07.930 --> 28:11.750 +great, expression of the ideas of the + +28:11.750 --> 28:15.750 +years. More racism, more discrimination, + +28:16.350 --> 28:19.670 +more politics, and the ideas of the great, + +28:19.710 --> 28:23.210 +great, great, and the public health + +28:23.210 --> 28:26.790 +statistics. And all of the others, and + +28:26.790 --> 28:30.650 +they were + +28:30.650 --> 28:38.310 +not living + +28:38.310 --> 28:40.330 +with God. They were living with God as + +28:40.330 --> 28:42.370 +well as they were living with God. And the + +28:42.370 --> 28:45.610 +fact that the comparisons were bothering + +28:45.610 --> 28:48.370 +us in Herod, the comparisons were to the + +28:48.370 --> 28:52.030 +hymn. now let's not make the same mistake + +28:52.030 --> 28:58.470 +in this whole business of anger. I am so + +28:58.470 --> 29:04.010 +out of the behind human hearts. I would + +29:04.010 --> 29:07.730 +like to see no man that's in my way that + +29:07.730 --> 29:11.590 +works for me, I can't otherwise than the + +29:11.590 --> 29:13.730 +interest of ours and the opportunity. + +29:15.990 --> 29:20.270 +Remember this, the one thing that perhaps + +29:20.270 --> 29:25.590 +Perhaps we should understand that these + +29:25.590 --> 29:31.270 +tribes in Angola, because of their past + +29:31.270 --> 29:34.950 +history, have not had the economic + +29:34.950 --> 29:40.690 +incentives that perhaps the mind-minds of + +29:40.690 --> 29:43.970 +the British are so bad. I think the work + +29:43.970 --> 29:46.150 +that's going on here, the people who have + +29:46.150 --> 29:49.070 +been gathered to build, you're getting + +29:49.070 --> 29:53.770 +people who are people who don't see the + +29:53.770 --> 29:57.850 +question. You're getting an education, and + +29:57.850 --> 29:59.890 +the education making it possible for them + +29:59.890 --> 30:04.350 +to take advantage of the job. That's + +30:04.350 --> 30:06.790 +wonderful. Everybody is all in favor of + +30:06.790 --> 30:10.250 +that. But there's also a disinformation + +30:10.250 --> 30:13.450 +among the men who are charged with student + +30:13.450 --> 30:16.390 +abuse, and more than that information. I + +30:16.390 --> 30:18.530 +sometimes wonder whether the matter should + +30:18.530 --> 30:24.050 +not be imposed on a compulsory basis. I + +30:24.050 --> 30:25.630 +think there are some laws in this country + +30:25.630 --> 30:27.610 +I know of that are not sending children to + +30:27.610 --> 30:29.070 +school and get out of the parents' house + +30:29.070 --> 30:31.210 +and forced them to go to school. Well, + +30:31.470 --> 30:35.510 +there hasn't been this impulsory feature + +30:35.510 --> 30:40.190 +of education in Angola. Then you have + +30:40.190 --> 30:44.470 +problems of society, for example. The + +30:44.470 --> 30:47.630 +tribe there has certain customs to live + +30:47.630 --> 30:49.750 +by. I think it means that that's separate. + +30:50.830 --> 30:53.190 +I'm not from Angola. I'm from Angola. I'm + +30:53.190 --> 30:57.010 +from Angola. I'm from Angola. I'm from + +30:57.010 --> 30:57.530 +Angola. + +31:12.670 --> 31:19.010 +I have seen + +31:19.010 --> 31:23.210 +night schools with hundreds going to + +31:23.210 --> 31:25.430 +thousands if you want to, of all the + +31:25.430 --> 31:28.370 +students. of students who were studying + +31:28.370 --> 31:31.310 +and now maybe this is something that + +31:31.310 --> 31:35.130 +should just come up. I don't know. I saw + +31:35.130 --> 31:38.890 +this business. I also have a friend who I + +31:38.890 --> 31:41.750 +met who was planning and just asked a + +31:41.750 --> 31:46.390 +little girl to assist him to read to see + +31:46.390 --> 31:47.770 +how well she was doing. + diff --git a/docs/reports/2025-01-31/xv681hq1696_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/xv681hq1696_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..25df03e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/reports/2025-01-31/xv681hq1696_sl_m4a.vtt-diff.html @@ -0,0 +1,434 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

reference
transcript
f1Thank you.f1Thank you.
2for it because the fact that the more I doubt over this reminds me of my years o2for it because the fact that the more I doubt over this reminds me of my years o
>f law study when the end of the fourth year came along.>f law study when the end of the fourth year came along.
3Subject, but I get by the bar anyway.3Subject, but I get by the bar anyway.
4Now I am particularly interested in this subject.4Now I am particularly interested in this subject.
5I came connected with a firm called Salvage and Lee, it was a public relations f5I came connected with a firm called Salvage and Lee, it was a public relations f
>irm.>irm.
6Now the reason I say this, because I was in charge, was having my opinions made 6Now the reason I say this, because I was in charge, was having my opinions made 
>biased or prejudiced or whatnot, because I am connected with this public relatio>biased or prejudiced or whatnot, because I am connected with this public relatio
>ns firm.>ns firm.
7The only thing, I gave this a whole lot of thinking, and the reason I explained 7The only thing, I gave this a whole lot of thinking, and the reason I explained 
>it, two years because there have been many questions asked about it throughout t>it, two years because there have been many questions asked about it throughout t
>he country.>he country.
8I thought of it and I said, well, a soldier who is in the field, such as I'm a m8I thought of it and I said, well, a soldier who is in the field, such as I'm a m
>ajor in the reserve, I'm paid.>ajor in the reserve, I'm paid.
9Am I this less this lawyer because I'm paid?9Am I this less this lawyer because I'm paid?
10A man who's an ambassador, is he less loyal to the country because he's paid?10A man who's an ambassador, is he less loyal to the country because he's paid?
11On the other hand, a man has certain obligations to his family.11On the other hand, a man has certain obligations to his family.
12I have three boys, one of them is going to college.12I have three boys, one of them is going to college.
13and I thought I was going to proceed on this whole business, but nothing.13and I thought I was going to proceed on this whole business, but nothing.
14My wife quickly discouraged me of that, reminding me that I had three sons and o14My wife quickly discouraged me of that, reminding me that I had three sons and o
>ne of them in college, and I'd better think twice before proceeding on such a cl>ne of them in college, and I'd better think twice before proceeding on such a cl
>ose of activity.>ose of activity.
15Now that fully explains my situation so that you people can assess for yourselve15Now that fully explains my situation so that you people can assess for yourselve
>s house whatever i have to say if you want to do so now ladies and gentlemen whe>s house whatever i have to say if you want to do so now ladies and gentlemen whe
>n a man is a certain ethnic group and then he hears bad things about that ethnic>n a man is a certain ethnic group and then he hears bad things about that ethnic
> group and all his life he's heard nothing but the best of his uh his ancestors > group and all his life he's heard nothing but the best of his uh his ancestors 
>or people from whom he is descendants and in my case i'm uh i'm not even the sen>or people from whom he is descendants and in my case i'm uh i'm not even the sen
>ator i was born there and i always thought the portuguese had a fine western rep>ator i was born there and i always thought the portuguese had a fine western rep
>utation but they were people that made certain accountabilities in civilization >utation but they were people that made certain accountabilities in civilization 
>especially in discovery pathology and science and navigation i also know and thi>especially in discovery pathology and science and navigation i also know and thi
>s I want to tell you something strange to you, that in the history of literature>s I want to tell you something strange to you, that in the history of literature
>, the great contributions of the culture of today are entirely unknown.>, the great contributions of the culture of today are entirely unknown.
16We have writers who are equal in dignity, intelligence, and humility.16We have writers who are equal in dignity, intelligence, and humility.
17I say this because I've studied them, and I think I'm the native to make a compa17I say this because I've studied them, and I think I'm the native to make a compa
>rison.>rison.
18We have also great grammars.18We have also great grammars.
19We have probably the second outstanding epic poet of the world in Camões.19We have probably the second outstanding epic poet of the world in Camões.
20Don't take it from my own authority.20Don't take it from my own authority.
21Take it from Cecil Bowles.21Take it from Cecil Bowles.
22Oh, my goodness.22Oh, my goodness.
23Come on, second only.23Come on, second only.
24Who are you?24Who are you?
25So I undertook, with all this interest, to look into several charges that were b25So I undertook, with all this interest, to look into several charges that were b
>eing made.>eing made.
26One of the charges was that a human, and called her a Moslem, was a grave terror26One of the charges was that a human, and called her a Moslem, was a grave terror
>.>.
27A grave terror.27A grave terror.
28Now, I may be approaching this wrong, but I'm going to do it so that you can pus28Now, I may be approaching this wrong, but I'm going to do it so that you can pus
>h it in.>h it in.
29A reign of terror, in my own opinion, at least it implies this, minimally implie29A reign of terror, in my own opinion, at least it implies this, minimally implie
>s it.>s it.
30An apprehension of fear.30An apprehension of fear.
31An intending danger.31An intending danger.
32Now, if it doesn't imply that, if it doesn't have that, then I don't know what a32Now, if it doesn't imply that, if it doesn't have that, then I don't know what a
> reign of terror is.> reign of terror is.
33It may mean other things, but it may mean the exact course of place he lost in 133It may mean other things, but it may mean the exact course of place he lost in 1
>516.>516.
34And there are the non-border Angola and the terrorist king Donald Trump and Hitl34And there are the non-border Angola and the terrorist king Donald Trump and Hitl
>er massacred Now if this job is very dangerous, I don't see it.>er massacred Now if this job is very dangerous, I don't see it.
35I don't see it.35I don't see it.
36I don't see it.36I don't see it.
37Please hold the hand over.37Please hold the hand over.
38And I see about the eight.38And I see about the eight.
39and, unfortunately, in 200,000 colors.39and, unfortunately, in 200,000 colors.
40A perfect makeup, where there was no lack of the green of the eyes and the brown40A perfect makeup, where there was no lack of the green of the eyes and the brown
> of the color of the nose.> of the color of the nose.
41Her husband, Alexei, at the time, wore the sun's halo with a heart-shaped coat.41Her husband, Alexei, at the time, wore the sun's halo with a heart-shaped coat.
42They traveled over the Euro, they traveled over the course, they reached the sou42They traveled over the Euro, they traveled over the course, they reached the sou
>thern part of the country.>thern part of the country.
43They could not reach the northern part of the country.43They could not reach the northern part of the country.
44Tell me who's this?44Tell me who's this?
45The great, small, established Soviet.45The great, small, established Soviet.
46The way it has to be.46The way it has to be.
47Some of the students don't stop without having a drink.47Some of the students don't stop without having a drink.
48I mean, they're the boys.48I mean, they're the boys.
49Now, when I arrived in Luanda, I actually did not observe the type of city.49Now, when I arrived in Luanda, I actually did not observe the type of city.
50I know that the story of the Maristus came in from the Maristus.50I know that the story of the Maristus came in from the Maristus.
51I know that the city was a place of wonder.51I know that the city was a place of wonder.
52All the wonderful things that he managed to do.52All the wonderful things that he managed to do.
53The beautiful city of the sea.53The beautiful city of the sea.
54The scope of architecture is one of the most futuristic.54The scope of architecture is one of the most futuristic.
55One of the loveliest places.55One of the loveliest places.
56Well, there's another area.56Well, there's another area.
57The Giro de Gara.57The Giro de Gara.
58Also, the Giro de Gara.58Also, the Giro de Gara.
59The Giro de Gara.59The Giro de Gara.
60The Giro de Gara.60The Giro de Gara.
61The Giro de Gara.61The Giro de Gara.
n62A triumphant ceremony of New Year所 So from now, if you traveled to Galveston in n62.
>the 60's very read apart of London, and you're a administrator at something to h 
>ear, you don't get or you're a business fellow, or you're some administrator, or 
> you're some other official. 
63People aren't running towards you.63So, from that, you traveling.
64I don't think that that represents fear.64Spring out the usa.
65.
65They ask questions of the citizens here, and if this is universal, that doesn't 66various times i don't think that that represents fear They ask questions to the 
>mean it's fear.>citizens here, and if this is universal, that doesn't mean it's fear.
66Fear would mean that people run away from you.67Fear would mean that people run away from it, just get out of the way.
67Just get out of your way.
68That's fear.68That's fear.
n69Now, the next problem that I was very much interested in checking with the tourin69Now, the next problem that I was very much interested in checking with two of th
>sts was that it is said that there are rising expectations of NASA.>e officials of the National, it is that there are rising expectations of nationa
 >l community movement.
70Now, rising expectations, that is a huge phrase, rising expectations of NASA.70Now, rising expectations, that is a beautiful phrase, rising expectations.
71And so, is this really a matter of the same?71And so, in this video, I have a little statement.
72And so, is this really a matter of the same?72And I will repeat it.
73I ask the question of the people.73I ask the question, do you understand?
74The people are different.74Do you understand?
75There is a difference.75And here we go, there's a difference, there's a difference.
76There is a difference.76It's the angel of God.
77And there will be a game.
78What are you getting at?77What are you getting at?
n79What is this riot going there?n78What is this writing?
80He's a one-man band.79After you've gone and destroyed the seed of Obavagah, you've gone and destroyed 
 >your reward.
81Listen.80And listen, you have not won the first man you've ever seen.
82Yes.81Well, what is next?
83I listen.82What is what is next?
84Please.83But they are all actors who established themselves independent from the metropol
 >itan portico and the independent nation of Angola and Angolese and that's the th
 >ing that they did.
85This man, he has said, after the act, this man asked you, I learned English, and
> I am What is this? 
86My son, is it?
87What is this?
88Yes, of course.
89He is a man.
90Yes.
91That's what they mean, I didn't see it.84Well, that's what they mean, I didn't see it.
92And remember what I told you, I didn't see it.85And remember what I told you, I didn't see it.
n93They have to write it and make it manifest.n86They have no right to take everything on the ground.
87There will be a nationalism, continued traditional associations, with the portal
 >s, could that be a nationalism?
94I didn't find, this is nationalism, the morning of the great separatism from the88But I didn't find, this is national news, the morning is completely separate fro
> mother country.>m the mother country.
95I didn't find it there.89I didn't find it there.
96I didn't see it.90I didn't see it.
n97I mean, there are some more observers over there.n91I mean, the other side, the mother, the observers over there, they did say that.
98I think it's a...
99...
100...
101...
102...
103Now, the next question I was interested in was this.92Now, the next question I was interested in was this.
n104We saw, for example, the multi -racial design.n93We saw, for example, the multiracial design.
105Now this is a very interesting thing for the immigrants in the United States.94Now this is a very interesting thing of the human race in the United States.
106Multi-racial design.95All the generations are.
107Some have decided that that's a fake.96Some have charged that that's a fake.
108I say that's not a fake.97I say that's not a fake.
n109If there's anything that the Portuguese have done in the beginning of their histn98If there's anything that the Portuguese have done in the beginning of their hist
>ory, they have mixed with all races, regardless of color, regardless of country.>ory, They have mixed with all races, regardless of color, regardless of country.
110I don't know why it is.99I don't know why it is.
111Perhaps it's because of the history of Portugal.100Perhaps it's because of the history of Portugal.
n112The Portuguese have been in line with God's color in marriage and in many of then101The Portuguese have been a pride to discard color in marriage and in many of its
>ir associations.> associations.
113negotiations.
114Cape Verde Islands is certainly a proof of that.102Cape Verde Islands is certainly a proof of that.
115The Portuguese state of India is certainly another proof of that.103The Portuguese state of India is certainly another proof of that.
116And Brazil is certainly another proof of that.104And Brazil is certainly another proof of that.
n117In fact, there should be a proof of that.n105The fact is, you should be able to give the people a chance to do that.
118I say you investigate the thing because in my experience, being Portuguese and k106They'll be able to do it.
>nowing this whole situation, it is not a thing. 
107One day when you hear that this is a population-style council in the United Stat
 >es, I say to you, investigate the thing, because in my experience, being Portugu
 >ese, is annoying, but in those situations it is not a thing.
119The multiracial side of the principle is genuine, harmonious for existence of th108The multiracial society, principally, is genuine, harmonious for existence of th
>e races, regardless of the pigment on one's skin.>e races, regardless of the pigment in one's skin.
120Now that's what I saw.109Now that's what I saw.
n121That's what I saw.n110That's what I knew.
122And that's what I believe.
123Now, what is this that's taking place in the world?111Now, what is this that's taking place in the world today?
124What is it that Mr. Gavoy says?112What is it that Mr. Deloitte said?
125What is it that Mr. and Truman, John, do?113What is it that Mr. Truma John read the Negro author yourself.
126Read the Negro author yourself.
127Black supremacy.114Black supremacy.
128Black supremacy is the moral of the United States.115Black supremacy is the moral of the United States.
129And if you're going to have black supremacy in these areas, that is being...116And if you're going to have black supremacy in these areas, that is being...
n130This is the point where I say the other city is a squire.n117This is the voice of the white state and the state of the world.
131I don't think that's the case.118I don't think that's the case.
t132In fact, I think the only solution to the problem is that Portugal is giving to t119In fact, I think the only solution to the problem is that Portugal is given to t
>the world.>he world.
133That's the only story for this thing.120That's the only story for this thing.
134This thing is the best premise for the play of the week.121This thing is the best premise for the play of the week.
135It's full of delusions of men.122It's full of delusions of men.
136Full of premeditated premonitions.123Full of premeditated premonitions.
137All the odds and sides.124All the odds and sides.
138And the middle of the show is on the...125And the middle of the show is on the...
139You do know I...126You do know I...
140You do know I...127You do know I...
141You do know I...128You do know I...
142I suppose every race of man is child.129I suppose every race of man is child.
143uh if this principle of black supremacy takes root, and I hope it does, if this 130uh if this principle of black supremacy takes root, and I hope it does, if this 
>principle of black supremacy takes root in Africa, I want you to think seriously>principle of black supremacy takes root in Africa, I want you to think seriously
> of the effect, the impact it's going to have on many people in the United State> of the effect, the impact it's going to have on many people in the United State
>s, especially in the southern states.>s, especially in the southern states.
144Because their thinking runs, if the Negro thinks this way, if he's speaking this131Because their thinking runs, if the Negro thinks this way, if he's speaking this
> way, then what is preventing him from trying to apply the same principle in the> way, then what is preventing him from trying to apply the same principle in the
> southern states?> southern states?
145I say to you, think twice.132I say to you, think twice.
146There's a much better solution to these problems than the idea of supremacy for 133There's a much better solution to these problems than the idea of supremacy for 
>the white or supremacy for the black.>the white or supremacy for the black.
147Now the other thing that hurt me a great deal, as a question, is that charge wit134Now the other thing that hurt me a great deal, as a question, is that charge wit
>h sadistic activities.>h sadistic activities.
148isolated cases.135isolated cases.
149I suppose if you were to take the days of the Fox clan, or the days of even Bost136I suppose if you were to take the days of the Fox clan, or the days of even Bost
>on, some periods I've seen, and some of the experiences that I also have, incide>on, some periods I've seen, and some of the experiences that I also have, incide
>nt in Japan, if you were to take a series of isolated instances, gather them tog>nt in Japan, if you were to take a series of isolated instances, gather them tog
>ether, you'd probably come to the conclusion that these people are sadistic.>ether, you'd probably come to the conclusion that these people are sadistic.
150It reminds me one time I had an operation on my left eye, surprising to me, more137It reminds me one time I had an operation on my left eye, surprising to me, more
> of a cataract, an impact that I received.> of a cataract, an impact that I received.
151And I was in the hospital about six or seven days and when I get out I thought e138And I was in the hospital about six or seven days and when I get out I thought e
>verybody had eye trouble.>verybody had eye trouble.
152So be sure that your vision has greater scope than believing isolated cases whic139So be sure that your vision has greater scope than believing isolated cases whic
>h in most instances are presented without proof.>h in most instances are presented without proof.
153And I as one say that a man makes a statement as I know he's a fabricator.140And I as one say that a man makes a statement as I know he's a fabricator.
154I'll give him the benefit of the doubt to say it's true.141I'll give him the benefit of the doubt to say it's true.
155But I didn't see any sadistic activity myself.142But I didn't see any sadistic activity myself.
156A sadistic activity would be the use of the hand -rapper that I have seen in the143A sadistic activity would be the use of the hand -rapper that I have seen in the
> paper, where one gentleman holds it out and the other sends it hand, and they d> paper, where one gentleman holds it out and the other sends it hand, and they d
>emonstrate how the hand-rapper confuses.>emonstrate how the hand-rapper confuses.
157that they call the ponderatoria.144that they call the ponderatoria.
158I didn't see it.145I didn't see it.
159I know that when I was a boy I was beaten with a cane by Mr. Emerson, and there'146I know that when I was a boy I was beaten with a cane by Mr. Emerson, and there'
>s the principal then for doing things that I shouldn't do as a boy.>s the principal then for doing things that I shouldn't do as a boy.
160I suppose that would be, that's called a punishment, and that would cause someon147I suppose that would be, that's called a punishment, and that would cause someon
>e to raise the eyebrow.>e to raise the eyebrow.
161But for sadistic activities, ladies and gentlemen, I didn't see any sadistic act148But for sadistic activities, ladies and gentlemen, I didn't see any sadistic act
>ivities.>ivities.
162Now the problem of education.149Now the problem of education.
163This seems to be the opportunity of all the systems, with regard to defending it150This seems to be the opportunity of all the systems, with regard to defending it
>self against all these charges.>self against all these charges.
164It has been said that there is a low literacy rate in that.151It has been said that there is a low literacy rate in that.
165And I as an individual will say yes.152And I as an individual will say yes.
166And others will say yes.153And others will say yes.
167And then there are other statements that bring the term national.154And then there are other statements that bring the term national.
168And because of the first accusation, accusations of wrecking the others acquired155And because of the first accusation, accusations of wrecking the others acquired
> from truth.> from truth.
169I have heard various statements that the literacy rate, for example, is decreasi156I have heard various statements that the literacy rate, for example, is decreasi
>ng.>ng.
170I, uh, the study missionaries for the French patril industry can tell the differ157I, uh, the study missionaries for the French patril industry can tell the differ
>ence.>ence.
171Something called, meter.158Something called, meter.
172They said they listed a number of countries and they gained pipes.159They said they listed a number of countries and they gained pipes.
173Pipes.160Pipes.
174Now, what is the story of the grapes?161Now, what is the story of the grapes?
175I know.162I know.
176The reason for this is that if machinery is built, they cook separate grapes.163The reason for this is that if machinery is built, they cook separate grapes.
177Some of the estate people who bought the...164Some of the estate people who bought the...
178...impartialized the taste of the wine, the rich areas, the man-made skin areas,165...impartialized the taste of the wine, the rich areas, the man-made skin areas,
> they mentioned that they used to...> they mentioned that they used to...
179...breeze that one time.166...breeze that one time.
180This aroma and taste are so important...167This aroma and taste are so important...
181But I noticed in an article in the Zedby book that they are tenacious.168But I noticed in an article in the Zedby book that they are tenacious.
182My own figure from my observation is between 15 and 12 centimeters.169My own figure from my observation is between 15 and 12 centimeters.
183That's the figure I take.170That's the figure I take.
184And it's just 15 centimeters.171And it's just 15 centimeters.
185rather similar to Champagne, and the very sweet wines of the area around Grand O172rather similar to Champagne, and the very sweet wines of the area around Grand O
>le.>le.
186One of the famous wines which is mentioned in English literature is a dill, name173One of the famous wines which is mentioned in English literature is a dill, name
>ly Mamsie wine.>ly Mamsie wine.
187I would say, for example, about 77% of the dill is a Grand Ole Grand Ole.174I would say, for example, about 77% of the dill is a Grand Ole Grand Ole.
188The special characteristic of these are about approximately 70% of Champagne.175The special characteristic of these are about approximately 70% of Champagne.
189These tribes each speak a dialect.176These tribes each speak a dialect.
190Now, unfortunately, there are many people who use this language in their own lan177Now, unfortunately, there are many people who use this language in their own lan
>guage.>guage.
191These people don't understand that type of a thing.178These people don't understand that type of a thing.
192So it has made a contribution in that direction.179So it has made a contribution in that direction.
193It hasn't done anything else.180It hasn't done anything else.
194Now, what I didn't see there, is that the average age of the administrator that 181Now, what I didn't see there, is that the average age of the administrator that 
>I found in the area was 42, 43 years.>I found in the area was 42, 43 years.
195There were only two administrators, two governors, and I met two of them over th182There were only two administrators, two governors, and I met two of them over th
>at.>at.
196I could only be in northern was a colonel retired, a fellow by the name of Modes183I could only be in northern was a colonel retired, a fellow by the name of Modes
>ta and that was the moment of grief.>ta and that was the moment of grief.
197The average age of the district governor was about 42.184The average age of the district governor was about 42.
198And there were two or three exceptions.185And there were two or three exceptions.
199There appeared to be a military that was able to option for him.186There appeared to be a military that was able to option for him.
200and I also noticed the enthusiasm for the work of the city of Doris.187and I also noticed the enthusiasm for the work of the city of Doris.
201It reminded me very much of the situation in Japan.188It reminded me very much of the situation in Japan.
202I was there, the enthusiasm we had for the Civil Affairs and Military Government189I was there, the enthusiasm we had for the Civil Affairs and Military Government
> teams.> teams.
203So you have a great emphasis there to get these things done that have been said 190So you have a great emphasis there to get these things done that have been said 
>to be lacking in these areas.>to be lacking in these areas.
204Effective law education.191Effective law education.
205Ladies and gentlemen, I don't see this as an excuse for lack of education.192Ladies and gentlemen, I don't see this as an excuse for lack of education.
206But if you examine the record, if you examine the record of the airwaves, what y193But if you examine the record, if you examine the record of the airwaves, what y
>ou'll find is that they are very, very nice.>ou'll find is that they are very, very nice.
207I think that I've taken enough time to explain to you what I mean by the airwave194I think that I've taken enough time to explain to you what I mean by the airwave
>s.>s.
208I'm going to...195I'm going to...
209There are several things I'd like to ask.196There are several things I'd like to ask.
210If the enemies of the British push demand the immediate surrender of Angola, I w197If the enemies of the British push demand the immediate surrender of Angola, I w
>ant one.>ant one.
211The fool.198The fool.
212Who do you negotiate with?199Who do you negotiate with?
213If they say you negotiate with the Nazis, or the rebels, or what you like to cal200If they say you negotiate with the Nazis, or the rebels, or what you like to cal
>l terrorists, then that's just a thing you can say out there.>l terrorists, then that's just a thing you can say out there.
214You negotiate with whom?201You negotiate with whom?
215to negotiate with?202to negotiate with?
216To whom do you turn the reins of government?203To whom do you turn the reins of government?
217Who do you negotiate with?204Who do you negotiate with?
218I want to know who are these people who claim that they represent the people of 205I want to know who are these people who claim that they represent the people of 
>Angola?>Angola?
219Who are they?206Who are they?
220Where do they come from?207Where do they come from?
221And if you say, own your battles, marry the Niazak, out if you say these two men208And if you say, own your battles, marry the Niazak, out if you say these two men
> represent the people of angola where is the element of self-determination isn't> represent the people of angola where is the element of self-determination isn't
> self -determination doesn't signify that people have a choice is this to be ach> self -determination doesn't signify that people have a choice is this to be ach
>ieved the exceptional philosophy that I was not here to pursue.>ieved the exceptional philosophy that I was not here to pursue.
222He did surrender to the mere fact that the country is not repaired is no excuse.209He did surrender to the mere fact that the country is not repaired is no excuse.
223Now the missionaries have said negotiate.210Now the missionaries have said negotiate.
224I was home.211I was home.
225Was home.212Was home.
226And I'm very important to the state.213And I'm very important to the state.
227And if a man says, I represent the United States, the people have to know that i214And if a man says, I represent the United States, the people have to know that i
>t's like the following of the political campaign, the Supreme Court, the Supreme>t's like the following of the political campaign, the Supreme Court, the Supreme
> Court doesn't represent its whites.> Court doesn't represent its whites.
228The economy tells us exactly what the situation is.215The economy tells us exactly what the situation is.
229But a man says, I represent this.216But a man says, I represent this.
230I was in street commerce for hours.217I was in street commerce for hours.
231I commented.218I commented.
232I asked, do you know Holger Barrow?219I asked, do you know Holger Barrow?
233Good.220Good.
234The same thing I applied when I said, you know, you know, I didn't know him.221The same thing I applied when I said, you know, you know, I didn't know him.
235I was just, I was just, he was named by me.222I was just, I was just, he was named by me.
236Good.223Good.
237I wonder if the claim is that Holden Perot actually represents somebody.224I wonder if the claim is that Holden Perot actually represents somebody.
238Harry Leandrani is the defendant, John Merriman.225Harry Leandrani is the defendant, John Merriman.
239Holden Perot has denied any comments.226Holden Perot has denied any comments.
240I would stake my right arm on him.227I would stake my right arm on him.
241that if Holden Roberto ever takes control of Angola, he will be another Castro, 228that if Holden Roberto ever takes control of Angola, he will be another Castro, 
>and I'll stake my right arm, and I'll be like that rope who put it right over th>and I'll stake my right arm, and I'll be like that rope who put it right over th
>e fire and committed it to burn.>e fire and committed it to burn.
242The Holden -Roberto method is not that way.229The Holden -Roberto method is not that way.
243They say, well, truth is very high.230They say, well, truth is very high.
244Other, other things.231Other, other things.
245The Chinese are interested.232The Chinese are interested.
246The end is near.233The end is near.
247The beginnings are very, very quiet.234The beginnings are very, very quiet.
248There are the great, great, great, expression of the ideas of the years.235There are the great, great, great, expression of the ideas of the years.
249More racism, more discrimination, more politics, and the ideas of the great, gre236More racism, more discrimination, more politics, and the ideas of the great, gre
>at, great, and the public health statistics.>at, great, and the public health statistics.
250And all of the others, and they were not living with God.237And all of the others, and they were not living with God.
251They were living with God as well as they were living with God.238They were living with God as well as they were living with God.
252And the fact that the comparisons were bothering us in Herod, the comparisons we239And the fact that the comparisons were bothering us in Herod, the comparisons we
>re to the hymn.>re to the hymn.
253now let's not make the same mistake in this whole business of anger.240now let's not make the same mistake in this whole business of anger.
254I am so out of the behind human hearts.241I am so out of the behind human hearts.
255I would like to see no man that's in my way that works for me, I can't otherwise242I would like to see no man that's in my way that works for me, I can't otherwise
> than the interest of ours and the opportunity.> than the interest of ours and the opportunity.
256Remember this, the one thing that perhaps Perhaps we should understand that thes243Remember this, the one thing that perhaps Perhaps we should understand that thes
>e tribes in Angola, because of their past history, have not had the economic inc>e tribes in Angola, because of their past history, have not had the economic inc
>entives that perhaps the mind-minds of the British are so bad.>entives that perhaps the mind-minds of the British are so bad.
257I think the work that's going on here, the people who have been gathered to buil244I think the work that's going on here, the people who have been gathered to buil
>d, you're getting people who are people who don't see the question.>d, you're getting people who are people who don't see the question.
258You're getting an education, and the education making it possible for them to ta245You're getting an education, and the education making it possible for them to ta
>ke advantage of the job.>ke advantage of the job.
259That's wonderful.246That's wonderful.
260Everybody is all in favor of that.247Everybody is all in favor of that.
261But there's also a disinformation among the men who are charged with student abu248But there's also a disinformation among the men who are charged with student abu
>se, and more than that information.>se, and more than that information.
262I sometimes wonder whether the matter should not be imposed on a compulsory basi249I sometimes wonder whether the matter should not be imposed on a compulsory basi
>s.>s.
263I think there are some laws in this country I know of that are not sending child250I think there are some laws in this country I know of that are not sending child
>ren to school and get out of the parents' house and forced them to go to school.>ren to school and get out of the parents' house and forced them to go to school.
264Well, there hasn't been this impulsory feature of education in Angola.251Well, there hasn't been this impulsory feature of education in Angola.
265Then you have problems of society, for example.252Then you have problems of society, for example.
266The tribe there has certain customs to live by.253The tribe there has certain customs to live by.
267I think it means that that's separate.254I think it means that that's separate.
268I'm not from Angola.255I'm not from Angola.
269I'm from Angola.256I'm from Angola.
270I'm from Angola.257I'm from Angola.
271I'm from Angola.258I'm from Angola.
272I'm from Angola.259I'm from Angola.
273I have seen night schools with hundreds going to thousands if you want to, of al260I have seen night schools with hundreds going to thousands if you want to, of al
>l the students.>l the students.
274of students who were studying and now maybe this is something that should just c261of students who were studying and now maybe this is something that should just c
>ome up.>ome up.
275I don't know.262I don't know.
276I saw this business.263I saw this business.
277I also have a friend who I met who was planning and just asked a little girl to 264I also have a friend who I met who was planning and just asked a little girl to 
>assist him to read to see how well she was doing.>assist him to read to see how well she was doing.
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