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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"><head>
<script src="slides_files/libs/clipboard/clipboard.min.js"></script>
<script src="slides_files/libs/quarto-html/tabby.min.js"></script>
<script src="slides_files/libs/quarto-html/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="slides_files/libs/quarto-html/tippy.umd.min.js"></script>
<link href="slides_files/libs/quarto-html/tippy.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="slides_files/libs/quarto-html/light-border.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="slides_files/libs/quarto-html/quarto-html.min.css" rel="stylesheet" data-mode="light">
<link href="slides_files/libs/quarto-html/quarto-syntax-highlighting.css" rel="stylesheet" id="quarto-text-highlighting-styles"><meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="generator" content="quarto-1.3.353">
<meta name="author" content="Simon Smart">
<meta name="dcterms.date" content="2024-02-07">
<title>Shiny workshop</title>
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, minimal-ui">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="slides_files/libs/revealjs/dist/reset.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="slides_files/libs/revealjs/dist/reveal.css">
<style>
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
div.columns{display: flex; gap: min(4vw, 1.5em);}
div.column{flex: auto; overflow-x: auto;}
div.hanging-indent{margin-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1.5em;}
ul.task-list{list-style: none;}
ul.task-list li input[type="checkbox"] {
width: 0.8em;
margin: 0 0.8em 0.2em -1em; /* quarto-specific, see https://github.com/quarto-dev/quarto-cli/issues/4556 */
vertical-align: middle;
}
/* CSS for syntax highlighting */
pre > code.sourceCode { white-space: pre; position: relative; }
pre > code.sourceCode > span { display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25; }
pre > code.sourceCode > span:empty { height: 1.2em; }
.sourceCode { overflow: visible; }
code.sourceCode > span { color: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; }
div.sourceCode { margin: 1em 0; }
pre.sourceCode { margin: 0; }
@media screen {
div.sourceCode { overflow: auto; }
}
@media print {
pre > code.sourceCode { white-space: pre-wrap; }
pre > code.sourceCode > span { text-indent: -5em; padding-left: 5em; }
}
pre.numberSource code
{ counter-reset: source-line 0; }
pre.numberSource code > span
{ position: relative; left: -4em; counter-increment: source-line; }
pre.numberSource code > span > a:first-child::before
{ content: counter(source-line);
position: relative; left: -1em; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline;
border: none; display: inline-block;
-webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none;
-khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none;
-ms-user-select: none; user-select: none;
padding: 0 4px; width: 4em;
color: #aaaaaa;
}
pre.numberSource { margin-left: 3em; border-left: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding-left: 4px; }
div.sourceCode
{ color: #003b4f; background-color: #f1f3f5; }
@media screen {
pre > code.sourceCode > span > a:first-child::before { text-decoration: underline; }
}
code span { color: #003b4f; } /* Normal */
code span.al { color: #ad0000; } /* Alert */
code span.an { color: #5e5e5e; } /* Annotation */
code span.at { color: #657422; } /* Attribute */
code span.bn { color: #ad0000; } /* BaseN */
code span.bu { } /* BuiltIn */
code span.cf { color: #003b4f; } /* ControlFlow */
code span.ch { color: #20794d; } /* Char */
code span.cn { color: #8f5902; } /* Constant */
code span.co { color: #5e5e5e; } /* Comment */
code span.cv { color: #5e5e5e; font-style: italic; } /* CommentVar */
code span.do { color: #5e5e5e; font-style: italic; } /* Documentation */
code span.dt { color: #ad0000; } /* DataType */
code span.dv { color: #ad0000; } /* DecVal */
code span.er { color: #ad0000; } /* Error */
code span.ex { } /* Extension */
code span.fl { color: #ad0000; } /* Float */
code span.fu { color: #4758ab; } /* Function */
code span.im { color: #00769e; } /* Import */
code span.in { color: #5e5e5e; } /* Information */
code span.kw { color: #003b4f; } /* Keyword */
code span.op { color: #5e5e5e; } /* Operator */
code span.ot { color: #003b4f; } /* Other */
code span.pp { color: #ad0000; } /* Preprocessor */
code span.sc { color: #5e5e5e; } /* SpecialChar */
code span.ss { color: #20794d; } /* SpecialString */
code span.st { color: #20794d; } /* String */
code span.va { color: #111111; } /* Variable */
code span.vs { color: #20794d; } /* VerbatimString */
code span.wa { color: #5e5e5e; font-style: italic; } /* Warning */
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="slides_files/libs/revealjs/dist/theme/quarto.css">
<link href="slides_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/quarto-line-highlight/line-highlight.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="slides_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/reveal-menu/menu.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="slides_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/reveal-menu/quarto-menu.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="slides_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/reveal-chalkboard/font-awesome/css/all.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="slides_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/reveal-chalkboard/style.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="slides_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/quarto-support/footer.css" rel="stylesheet">
<style type="text/css">
.callout {
margin-top: 1em;
margin-bottom: 1em;
border-radius: .25rem;
}
.callout.callout-style-simple {
padding: 0em 0.5em;
border-left: solid #acacac .3rem;
border-right: solid 1px silver;
border-top: solid 1px silver;
border-bottom: solid 1px silver;
display: flex;
}
.callout.callout-style-default {
border-left: solid #acacac .3rem;
border-right: solid 1px silver;
border-top: solid 1px silver;
border-bottom: solid 1px silver;
}
.callout .callout-body-container {
flex-grow: 1;
}
.callout.callout-style-simple .callout-body {
font-size: 1rem;
font-weight: 400;
}
.callout.callout-style-default .callout-body {
font-size: 0.9rem;
font-weight: 400;
}
.callout.callout-titled.callout-style-simple .callout-body {
margin-top: 0.2em;
}
.callout:not(.callout-titled) .callout-body {
display: flex;
}
.callout:not(.no-icon).callout-titled.callout-style-simple .callout-content {
padding-left: 1.6em;
}
.callout.callout-titled .callout-header {
padding-top: 0.2em;
margin-bottom: -0.2em;
}
.callout.callout-titled .callout-title p {
margin-top: 0.5em;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}
.callout.callout-titled.callout-style-simple .callout-content p {
margin-top: 0;
}
.callout.callout-titled.callout-style-default .callout-content p {
margin-top: 0.7em;
}
.callout.callout-style-simple div.callout-title {
border-bottom: none;
font-size: .9rem;
font-weight: 600;
opacity: 75%;
}
.callout.callout-style-default div.callout-title {
border-bottom: none;
font-weight: 600;
opacity: 85%;
font-size: 0.9rem;
padding-left: 0.5em;
padding-right: 0.5em;
}
.callout.callout-style-default div.callout-content {
padding-left: 0.5em;
padding-right: 0.5em;
}
.callout.callout-style-simple .callout-icon::before {
height: 1rem;
width: 1rem;
display: inline-block;
content: "";
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: 1rem 1rem;
}
.callout.callout-style-default .callout-icon::before {
height: 0.9rem;
width: 0.9rem;
display: inline-block;
content: "";
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: 0.9rem 0.9rem;
}
.callout-title {
display: flex
}
.callout-icon::before {
margin-top: 1rem;
padding-right: .5rem;
}
.callout.no-icon::before {
display: none !important;
}
.callout.callout-titled .callout-body > .callout-content > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.callout.callout-titled .callout-icon::before {
margin-top: .5rem;
padding-right: .5rem;
}
.callout:not(.callout-titled) .callout-icon::before {
margin-top: 1rem;
padding-right: .5rem;
}
/* Callout Types */
div.callout-note {
border-left-color: #4582ec !important;
}
div.callout-note .callout-icon::before {
background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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');
}
div.callout-note.callout-style-default .callout-title {
background-color: #dae6fb
}
div.callout-important {
border-left-color: #d9534f !important;
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<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section id="title-slide" class="quarto-title-block center">
<h1 class="title">Shiny workshop</h1>
<p class="subtitle">Natural History Museum</p>
<div class="quarto-title-authors">
<div class="quarto-title-author">
<div class="quarto-title-author-name">
Simon Smart
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="date">2024-02-07</p>
</section>
<section id="about-me" class="slide level2">
<h2>About me</h2>
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<ul>
<li>Background in plant sciences and agricultural science</li>
<li>Latecomer to R, only started in 2018</li>
<li>Software developer in Population Health Sciences at University of Leicester with Tim Lucas</li>
<li>Collaborating with Dave Redding on Disagapp for high-resolution mapping of disease</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/simon-smart88" class="uri">https://github.com/simon-smart88</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="workshop-overview" class="slide level2">
<h2>Workshop overview</h2>
<ul>
<li>Trying to be broad but shallow so you know what’s possible, rather than narrow but exhaustive</li>
<li>Please interrupt: If you’re not sure then someone else isn’t</li>
<li>Aiming for 50:50 me talking:you writing</li>
<li>Code examples are not always complete i.e. not all required arguments are used</li>
<li>Natalie can help with Shiny, Tim with general R</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="overview-for-this-morning" class="slide level2">
<h2>Overview for this morning</h2>
<ul>
<li>Introduction to Shiny</li>
<li>Reactivity and why writing Shiny code differs from normal R</li>
<li>Create example apps</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="overview-for-the-afternoon" class="slide level2">
<h2>Overview for the afternoon</h2>
<ul>
<li>User interface design</li>
<li>Interactive tables and maps</li>
<li>Deploying your app to the web</li>
<li>Common problems and debugging</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="what-is-shiny" class="slide level2">
<h2>What is Shiny?</h2>
<ul>
<li>R package developed by Posit/Rstudio, first released in 2012</li>
<li>Framework for developing interactive web apps using R</li>
<li>No need to learn any web development (html, css, javascript)</li>
<li>If you can do something in R, you can publish it online using Shiny</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="download-materials" class="slide level2 largecode">
<h2>Download materials</h2>
<ul>
<li><code>git clone https://github.com/simon-smart88/shinyworkshop</code></li>
</ul>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">unzip</span>(<span class="fu">download.file</span>(<span class="at">url =</span> <span class="st">"t.ly/Y6ZDH"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">destfile =</span> <span class="st">"shinyworkshop.zip"</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>install.packages(c("shiny","leaflet", "DT", "rsconnect", "sf", "terra"))</code></li>
<li>For the slides to be interactive, you need to run <code>slides.qmd</code></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="structure-of-a-shiny-app" class="slide level2 largecode">
<h2>Structure of a Shiny app</h2>
<p>Shiny apps consist of a user interface object (UI) and a server object</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>() </span>
<span id="cb2-2"><a href="#cb2-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb2-3"><a href="#cb2-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output) {}</span>
<span id="cb2-4"><a href="#cb2-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb2-5"><a href="#cb2-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(<span class="at">ui =</span> ui, <span class="at">server =</span> server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="structure-of-a-shiny-app-1" class="slide level2 largecode">
<h2>Structure of a Shiny app</h2>
<p>Shiny apps consist of a user interface object (UI) and a server object</p>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:80%;">
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>() </span>
<span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb3-3"><a href="#cb3-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output) {}</span>
<span id="cb3-4"><a href="#cb3-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb3-5"><a href="#cb3-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(ui, server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:20%;">
<ul>
<li><p>Seeing</p></li>
<li><p>Doing</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li>Our job is to make these objects talk to each other</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="communication-between-the-ui-and-server" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Communication between the UI and server</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:60%;">
<ul>
<li>The server function takes two <code>list()</code>-like objects as arguments:
<ul>
<li><code>input$</code> where settings made in the UI are stored
<ul>
<li>Created for you by objects in the UI</li>
<li>Values are read-only</li>
</ul></li>
<li><code>output$</code> where objects created in the server that need to be displayed in the UI are stored
<ul>
<li>You create them</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div><div class="column" style="width:40%;">
<div class="cell" data-reveal="true" data-fig-width="4" data-fig-height="5">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div>
<div>
<pre class="mermaid mermaid-js">flowchart TD
A[Input in UI] --> |input$| B([Computation in server])
B --> |output$| C(Output in UI)
class A sin
class B sser
class C sout
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="input-and-output-ids" class="slide level2 largecode">
<h2>Input and output IDs</h2>
<ul>
<li>The objects in <code>input$</code> and <code>output$</code> have an ID used to refer to them</li>
<li>These must be unique or you will get errors</li>
<li>For <code>input$</code> objects, the ID is always the first argument of the function used to create them:</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">textInput</span>(<span class="st">"my_first_input"</span>) </span>
<span id="cb4-2"><a href="#cb4-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#allows you to use this in server:</span></span>
<span id="cb4-3"><a href="#cb4-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>input<span class="sc">$</span>my_first_input</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="input-and-output-ids-1" class="slide level2 largecode">
<h2>Input and output IDs</h2>
<ul>
<li>For <code>output$</code> objects, you declare them and then reference them by ID in the UI:</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>output<span class="sc">$</span>my_first_output <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">renderText</span>(<span class="st">"Hello world"</span>) </span>
<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#allows you to use this in UI:</span></span>
<span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">textOutput</span>(<span class="st">"my_first_output"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<ul>
<li>Both are referenced as strings in the UI but as variables in the server</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="reactivity-basics" class="slide level2">
<h2>Reactivity basics</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:60%;">
<ul>
<li>Code in the server function is <em>reactive</em></li>
<li>If an <code>input$</code> value changes, then any code which uses the input is rerun</li>
<li>Similarly, any code that uses a value calculated from the input is also rerun</li>
<li>Unlike in a normal R script, code isn’t executed from top to bottom</li>
</ul>
</div><div class="column" style="width:40%;">
<div class="cell" data-reveal="true" data-fig-width="4" data-fig-height="5">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div>
<div>
<pre class="mermaid mermaid-js">flowchart TD
A[Input in UI] --> |input$| B([Computation in server])
B --> |output$| C(Output in UI)
class A sin
class B sser
class C sout
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="a-simple-example" class="slide level2">
<h2>A simple example</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:70%;">
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>(<span class="fu">textInput</span>(<span class="st">"name"</span>, <span class="st">"What is your name?"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">textOutput</span>(<span class="st">"name_out"</span>))</span>
<span id="cb6-3"><a href="#cb6-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb6-4"><a href="#cb6-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output) {</span>
<span id="cb6-5"><a href="#cb6-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> output<span class="sc">$</span>name_out <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">renderText</span>(<span class="fu">paste0</span>(<span class="st">"My name is "</span>, input<span class="sc">$</span>name))</span>
<span id="cb6-6"><a href="#cb6-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span>
<span id="cb6-7"><a href="#cb6-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb6-8"><a href="#cb6-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(ui, server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<br>
</div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="form-group shiny-input-container">
<label class="control-label" id="name-label" for="name">What is your name?</label>
<input id="name" type="text" class="shiny-input-text form-control" value="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="name_out" class="shiny-text-output"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:30%;">
<div class="cell" data-reveal="true" data-fig-width="3" data-fig-height="5">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div>
<div>
<pre class="mermaid mermaid-js">flowchart TD
A["textInput()"] --> |input$name| B(["renderText()"])
B --> |output$name_out| C("textOutput()")
class A sin
class B sser
class C sout
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="shiny-input-widgets" class="slide level2">
<h2>Shiny input widgets</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:30%;">
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb7-1"><a href="#cb7-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">actionButton</span>()</span>
<span id="cb7-2"><a href="#cb7-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">checkboxInput</span>()</span>
<span id="cb7-3"><a href="#cb7-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dateInput</span>()</span>
<span id="cb7-4"><a href="#cb7-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dateRangeInput</span>()</span>
<span id="cb7-5"><a href="#cb7-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">fileInput</span>()</span>
<span id="cb7-6"><a href="#cb7-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">numericInput</span>()</span>
<span id="cb7-7"><a href="#cb7-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">radioButtons</span>()</span>
<span id="cb7-8"><a href="#cb7-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">selectInput</span>()</span>
<span id="cb7-9"><a href="#cb7-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">sliderInput</span>()</span>
<span id="cb7-10"><a href="#cb7-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">textInput</span>()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:70%;">
<p><img data-src="images/basic-widgets.png" height="400"></p>
</div>
</div>
<p>Source: <a href="https://shiny.posit.co/r/getstarted/shiny-basics/lesson3/" class="uri">https://shiny.posit.co/r/getstarted/shiny-basics/lesson3/</a></p>
</section>
<section id="output-functions" class="slide level2">
<h2>Output functions</h2>
<p>Outputs are generated in the server using <code>render*</code> functions and displayed in the UI using <code>*Output</code> functions</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>Data type</th>
<th>Render function</th>
<th style="text-align: right;">Output function</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Table</td>
<td><code>renderTable()</code></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><code>tableOutput()</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Plot</td>
<td><code>renderPlot()</code></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><code>plotOutput()</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Text</td>
<td><code>renderText()</code></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><code>textOutput()</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Image</td>
<td><code>renderImage()</code></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><code>imageOutput()</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Interactive table</td>
<td><code>renderDataTable()</code></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><code>dataTableOutput()</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section id="curly-bracket-syntax" class="slide level2">
<h2>Curly bracket syntax</h2>
<ul>
<li>Typically <code>render*()</code> functions are used with curly brackets <code>{}</code> inside the function</li>
<li>This lets you write multiple lines of code, but only the last line is returned</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="another-example" class="slide level2">
<h2>Another example</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>(<span class="fu">selectInput</span>(<span class="st">"animal"</span>, <span class="st">"Choose your favourite animal"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb8-2"><a href="#cb8-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">choices =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">""</span>,<span class="st">"Whale"</span>, <span class="st">"Dinosaur"</span>)),</span>
<span id="cb8-3"><a href="#cb8-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">textOutput</span>(<span class="st">"animal_name"</span>))</span>
<span id="cb8-4"><a href="#cb8-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb8-5"><a href="#cb8-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output) {</span>
<span id="cb8-6"><a href="#cb8-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> output<span class="sc">$</span>animal_name <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">renderText</span>({</span>
<span id="cb8-7"><a href="#cb8-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> animal_names <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="fu">list</span>(<span class="st">"Whale"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"Hope"</span>, <span class="st">"Dinosaur"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"Dippy"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb8-8"><a href="#cb8-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">paste0</span>(<span class="st">"Your favourite animal's name is "</span>, animal_names[[input<span class="sc">$</span>animal]])})</span>
<span id="cb8-9"><a href="#cb8-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span>
<span id="cb8-10"><a href="#cb8-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb8-11"><a href="#cb8-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(<span class="at">ui =</span> ui, <span class="at">server =</span> server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:40%;">
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<br>
</div>
<div class="cell-output-display no-overflow-x">
<div class="form-group shiny-input-container">
<label class="control-label" id="animal-label" for="animal">Choose your favourite animal</label>
<div>
<select id="animal" class="shiny-input-select"><option value="" selected=""></option>
<option value="Whale">Whale</option>
<option value="Dinosaur">Dinosaur</option></select>
<script type="application/json" data-for="animal">{"plugins":["selectize-plugin-a11y"]}</script>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:40%;">
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<br>
</div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="animal_name" class="shiny-text-output"></div>
</div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="animal_photo" class="shiny-html-output"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="ui-development" class="slide level2 largecode">
<h2>UI development</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<ul>
<li>The UI object is one long list</li>
<li><code>fluidPage()</code> makes the design <em>responsive</em> so that it fits on different sized screens</li>
<li>The first item will be placed in the top left</li>
<li>Functions need separating by commas</li>
</ul>
</div><div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<p><br>
</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb9-1"><a href="#cb9-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>(</span>
<span id="cb9-2"><a href="#cb9-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">actionButton</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb9-3"><a href="#cb9-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">checkboxInput</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb9-4"><a href="#cb9-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">dateInput</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb9-5"><a href="#cb9-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">textOutput</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb9-6"><a href="#cb9-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">plotOutput</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb9-7"><a href="#cb9-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">tableOutput</span>()</span>
<span id="cb9-8"><a href="#cb9-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="server-development" class="slide level2">
<h2>Server development</h2>
<ul>
<li>Shiny code is more complex to debug and errors may not be simple to understand</li>
<li>Some mistakes won’t produce any errors at all</li>
<li>First write code in an .Rmd file and then refactor for reactivity</li>
<li>Start simple and build complexity gradually</li>
<li>If you don’t already, use the F1 key to look at documentation</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="static-code-can-be-put-in-different-places" class="slide level2">
<h2>Static code can be put in different places</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb10"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb10-1"><a href="#cb10-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>df <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">read.csv</span>()</span>
<span id="cb10-2"><a href="#cb10-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb10-3"><a href="#cb10-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>()</span>
<span id="cb10-4"><a href="#cb10-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb10-5"><a href="#cb10-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output) {</span>
<span id="cb10-6"><a href="#cb10-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </span>
<span id="cb10-7"><a href="#cb10-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> df <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">read.csv</span>()</span>
<span id="cb10-8"><a href="#cb10-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </span>
<span id="cb10-9"><a href="#cb10-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> output<span class="sc">$</span>table <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">renderTable</span>({</span>
<span id="cb10-10"><a href="#cb10-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> df <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">read.csv</span>()</span>
<span id="cb10-11"><a href="#cb10-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> })</span>
<span id="cb10-12"><a href="#cb10-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>} </span>
<span id="cb10-13"><a href="#cb10-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb10-14"><a href="#cb10-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(<span class="at">ui =</span> ui, <span class="at">server =</span> server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="static-code-can-be-put-in-different-places-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>Static code can be put in different places</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb11-1"><a href="#cb11-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>df <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">read.csv</span>()</span>
<span id="cb11-2"><a href="#cb11-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># run once when the app starts</span></span>
<span id="cb11-3"><a href="#cb11-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb11-4"><a href="#cb11-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>()</span>
<span id="cb11-5"><a href="#cb11-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb11-6"><a href="#cb11-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output) {</span>
<span id="cb11-7"><a href="#cb11-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </span>
<span id="cb11-8"><a href="#cb11-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> df <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">read.csv</span>()</span>
<span id="cb11-9"><a href="#cb11-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># run whenever a new user uses the app</span></span>
<span id="cb11-10"><a href="#cb11-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </span>
<span id="cb11-11"><a href="#cb11-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> output<span class="sc">$</span>table <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">renderTable</span>({</span>
<span id="cb11-12"><a href="#cb11-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> df <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">read.csv</span>()</span>
<span id="cb11-13"><a href="#cb11-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># run whenever input$value changes</span></span>
<span id="cb11-14"><a href="#cb11-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> df <span class="ot"><-</span> df[df<span class="sc">$</span>column <span class="sc">==</span> input<span class="sc">$</span>value,]</span>
<span id="cb11-15"><a href="#cb11-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> })</span>
<span id="cb11-16"><a href="#cb11-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>} </span>
<span id="cb11-17"><a href="#cb11-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb11-18"><a href="#cb11-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(<span class="at">ui =</span> ui, <span class="at">server =</span> server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="tidyverse-peculiarities" class="slide level2">
<h2>tidyverse peculiarities</h2>
<p>Unfortunately this will not work as you might expect:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb12"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb12-1"><a href="#cb12-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#UI</span></span>
<span id="cb12-2"><a href="#cb12-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">selectInput</span>(<span class="st">"var"</span>, <span class="st">"Variable"</span>, <span class="at">choices =</span> </span>
<span id="cb12-3"><a href="#cb12-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"carat"</span>, <span class="st">"depth"</span>, <span class="st">"table"</span>, <span class="st">"price"</span>, <span class="st">"x"</span>, <span class="st">"y"</span>, <span class="st">"z"</span>))</span>
<span id="cb12-4"><a href="#cb12-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">numericInput</span>(<span class="st">"min"</span>, <span class="st">"Minimum"</span>, <span class="at">value =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>)</span>
<span id="cb12-5"><a href="#cb12-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb12-6"><a href="#cb12-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#Server</span></span>
<span id="cb12-7"><a href="#cb12-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>output<span class="sc">$</span>table <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">renderTable</span>(diamonds <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(input<span class="sc">$</span>var <span class="sc">></span> input<span class="sc">$</span>min))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="tidyverse-peculiarities-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>tidyverse peculiarities</h2>
<ul>
<li>This is the correct syntax:</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb13"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb13-1"><a href="#cb13-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>output<span class="sc">$</span>table <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">renderTable</span>(diamonds <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(.data[[input<span class="sc">$</span>var]] <span class="sc">></span> .env<span class="sc">$</span>input<span class="sc">$</span>min))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<ul>
<li>See <a href="https://mastering-shiny.org/action-tidy.html">Mastering Shiny</a> for more details</li>
<li>For now, just use the old-fashioned method:</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb14"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb14-1"><a href="#cb14-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>output<span class="sc">$</span>table <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">renderTable</span>(diamonds[diamonds[[input<span class="sc">$</span>var]] <span class="sc">></span> input<span class="sc">$</span>min,])</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="exercise-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>Exercise 1</h2>
<ul>
<li>Create an app where you:
<ul>
<li>Load data from <code>iris</code></li>
<li>Filter the data in some way using <code>sliderInput()</code>, <code>numericInput()</code> or <code>selectInput()</code></li>
<li>Display the filtered data using <code>renderTable()</code> and <code>tableOutput()</code></li>
</ul></li>
<li>Rstudio automatically detects <code>shinyApp()</code> in a file and clicking on <img data-src="images/run_app.png"> will run the app</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="reactive" class="slide level2">
<h2><code>reactive()</code></h2>
<ul>
<li>If you want to access an <code>input$</code> you must do so inside reactive objects</li>
<li>You have already done this - all the <code>render*</code> functions are reactive</li>
<li>If you want to create an object without making an output though, you need to wrap it inside <code>reactive()</code></li>
<li>The resultant object is a function, so you need to append <code>()</code> when you access the values</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="reactive-example" class="slide level2 largecode">
<h2><code>reactive()</code> example</h2>
<p>❌</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb15"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb15-1"><a href="#cb15-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>df <span class="ot"><-</span> iris[iris<span class="sc">$</span>Species <span class="sc">==</span> input<span class="sc">$</span>species,]</span>
<span id="cb15-2"><a href="#cb15-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>min_petal_length <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">min</span>(df<span class="sc">$</span>Petal.Length)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p>✅</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb16"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb16-1"><a href="#cb16-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>df <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">reactive</span>(iris[iris<span class="sc">$</span>Species <span class="sc">==</span> input<span class="sc">$</span>species,])</span>
<span id="cb16-2"><a href="#cb16-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>min_petal_length <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">min</span>(<span class="fu">df</span>()<span class="sc">$</span>Petal.Length)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<ul>
<li>Just like the <code>render*</code> functions, you can make these multi-line using <code>{}</code></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="file-uploads" class="slide level2 largecode">
<h2>File uploads</h2>
<ul>
<li><code>fileInput()</code> uploads the file to the web server, but not into the R environment</li>
<li>The resulting <code>input$</code> value is a dataframe containing <code>name</code>, <code>size</code>, <code>type</code> and <code>datapath</code> columns</li>
<li>To access the data, you need to process the file using the <code>datapath</code> column e.g.:</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb17"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb17-1"><a href="#cb17-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">fileInput</span>(<span class="st">"file"</span>, <span class="st">"Upload file"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb17-2"><a href="#cb17-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>df <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">reactive</span>(<span class="fu">read.csv</span>(input<span class="sc">$</span>file<span class="sc">$</span>datapath))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="renderui-and-uioutput" class="slide level2">
<h2><code>renderUI()</code> and <code>uiOutput()</code></h2>