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Another tweak to glossary.
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sharoncorrell committed Dec 4, 2024
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<a id='haček'></a>haček|See <a href='#caron'>caron</a>.
<a id='heterogram'></a>heterogram|a term used mostly in the study of ancient texts, referring to a special kind of a logogram consisting of the written representation of a word in a foreign language.
<a id='harfbuzz'></a>HarfBuzz|a cross-platform text <a href='#shapingEngine'>shaping engine</a> which primarily supports [OpenType](#opentype), but also [Graphite](#graphite) and [Apple Advanced Typography](#aat).
<a id='harfbuzz'></a>HarfBuzz|a cross-platform <a href='#shapingEngine'>shaping engine</a> which primarily supports [OpenType](#opentype), but also [Graphite](#graphite) and [Apple Advanced Typography](#aat).
<a id='hetnm'></a>heteronym|<a href='#homg'>homographs</a> which, although spelled the same way, are pronounced differently and have different meanings. For example, in English 'wind' (noun, as in weather) and 'wind' (verb, to coil something).
<a id='homg'></a>homograph|one of multiple words having the same spelling but different meanings. They may be pronounced differently (for example in English 'tear: rip' and 'tear: secreted when crying'), in which case they are also <a href='#hetnm'>heteronyms</a>, or they may be pronounced the same (for example in American English 'tire: cause to be fatigued' and 'tire: wheel of a car'), in which case they are also <a href='#homphn'>homophones</a>.
<a id='homphn'></a>homophone|one of multiple words having the same pronunciation but different meanings. They may be spelled differently (for example in English 'write' and 'right'), in which case they are called heterographs, or the same (for example in English 'bark: on a tree' and 'bark: of a dog'), in which case they are also <a href='#homg'>homographs</a>.
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<a id=''></a>SLDR|see <a href='#sldr'>SIL Locale Data repository</a>.
<a id='smartfont'></a>smart font|a <a href='#font'>font</a> capable of performing transformations on complex patterns of <a href='#glyph'>glyphs</a>, above and beyond the simple character-to-glyph mapping that is a basic function of font rendering (see <a href='#cmap'>cmap</a>). The information specifying the smart behavior is typically in the form of extra tables embedded in the font, and will generally allow layered transformations involving one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many mappings of glyphs.
<a id='shaping'></a>shaping|the process of chosing the correct form or shape of characters in order to produce correct rendering.
<a id='shapingEngine'></a>shaping engine|a software component that uses knowledge about script behavior to select the correct shapes of characters. Examples include [Harfbuzz](#harfbuzz), [DirectWrite](#directwrite), [CoreText](#coretext), and the [Universal Shaping Engine](#use). The [OpenType](#opentype) smart font system depends on an external shaping engine to provide knowledge of the appropriate shapes of characters, while the [Graphite](#graphite) and [AAT](#aat) systems include their own internal equivalent of a shaping engine.
<a id='shapingEngine'></a>shaping engine|a software component that uses knowledge about script behavior to select the correct shapes of characters. Examples include [Harfbuzz](#harfbuzz), [DirectWrite](#directwrite), [CoreText](#coretext), and the [Universal Shaping Engine](#use). The [OpenType](#opentype) smart font system depends on an external shaping engine to provide knowledge of the appropriate shapes of characters, while in the case of the [Graphite](#graphite) and [AAT](#aat) systems the script knowledge is stored in the font.
<a id='smartRendering'></a>smart rendering|a <a href='#render'>rendering</a> process that uses a <a href='#smartfont'>smart font</a>.
<a id='sortkey'></a>sort key|a sequence of numbers that when appropriately processed using a particular standard algorithm will position the corresponding string in the correct sort position in relation to other strings. The sort key need not correspond one number to one <a href='#codepoint'>codepoint</a> in the input string.
<a id='sfm'></a>Standard Format Marker (SFM)|an element of a proprietary format developed by SIL International and used by some linguistic software applications. A standard format marker begins with a backslash (\\); for example, `\p` would represent a paragraph tag. It is possible (and even probable) that SFMs in a single document have different character encodings. When converting to one encoding (Unicode) these must be converted with different mapping files.
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<a id='usv'></a>Unicode Scalar Value (USV)|a number written as a hexadecimal (base 16) value that serves as the <a href='#codepoint'>codepoint</a> for Unicode characters. Characters in the <a href='#bmp'>BMP</a> are written with four hex digits, eg: U+0061, U+AA32. Characters in <a href='#supplement'>supplementary planes</a> use five or six digits.
<a id='uniscribe'></a>Uniscribe (Unicode Script Processor)|due to technical limitations in <a href='#opentype'>OpenType</a>, it is necessary to pre-process strings before applying OpenType smart behaviour. Microsoft uses a particular DLL (Dynamic Link Library) called Uniscribe to do this pre-processing. Uniscribe does all of the script specific, <a href='#font'>font</a> generic processing of a string (such as reordering) leaving the font specific processing (such as contextual forms) to the OpenType lookups of a font.
<a id='ucs'></a>Universal Character Set (UCS)|the coded character set defined by <a href='#unicode'>Unicode</a> and ISO/IEC 10646, intended to support all commonly used characters from all <a href='#writingsys'>writing systems</a>, current and past.
<a id='use'></a>Universal Shaping Engine|for use with a complex scripts that aren't supported by one of the dedicated [shaping engines](#shapingEngine) that support a single script.
<a id='use'></a>Universal Shaping Engine|a [shaping engine](#shapingEngine) for use with a complex scripts that aren't supported by one of the dedicated engines that support a single script.
<a id=''></a>USE|see <a href='#use'>Universal Shaping Engine</a>.
<a id=''></a>USV|see <a href='#usv'>Unicode Scalar Value</a>.
<a id='utf16'></a>UTF-16|an encoding form for storing <a href='#unicode'>Unicode</a> <a href='#codepoint'>codepoints</a> in 16-bit words. It includes the concept of <a href='#surrogate'>surrogate pairs</a> to encode values from U+10000 - U+10FFFF as two 16-bit words.
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