add oci bundle spec

specs/BUNDLE_SPEC.md

@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+# Cosign Bundle Specification
+
+This document aims to describe how `cosign` attaches Sigstore attestation
+[bundles](https://github.com/sigstore/protobuf-specs/blob/main/protos/sigstore_bundle.proto)
+to container images.
+
+The goal is to specify the behavior well enough to promote other implementations
+and enable interoperability. Attestations attached with `cosign` should be
+retrievable in other tools, and vice-versa.
+
+This document focuses on the layout of attestations within an
+[OCI Image Manifest V1.1](https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/v1.1.0/manifest.md)
+object.
+
+This document makes no assumptions about the contents of the Sigstore bundle.
+Any attestation which can be represented as a Sigstore bundle (message
+signatures, DSSE-wrapped in-toto statements, etc) can be attached to a container
+image stored in an OCI registry.
+
+Multiple Attestations may be "attached" to one image.
+
+Attestations attached to a container image are generally assumed to refer to
+that image in some way.
+
+## Storage
+
+The approach for storing Sigstore bundles in an OCI registry follows the
+[guidelines for artifact usage](https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/main/manifest.md#guidelines-for-artifact-usage)
+in the OCI
+[image spec](https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/main/README.md).
+
+### Publishing
+
+First, the bundle itself is stored in its JSON-serialized form as a blob in the
+registry:
+
+```
+POST /v2/foo/blobs/uploads/?digest=cafed00d...
+Content-Type: application/octet-stream
+
+{"mediaType":"application/vnd.dev.sigstore.bundle.v0.3+json", ...}
+```
+
+In this example “foo” is the name of the repository within the registry to which
+the artifact is being uploaded. The digest included as part of the POST is the
+hex-encoded SHA-256 digest of the raw bytes of the bundle itself.
+
+Once the blob has been created, the next step is to create a manifest that
+associates the bundle blob with the image it describes:
+
+```
+PUT /v2/foo/manifests/sha256:badf00d...
+Content-Type: application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json
+
+{
+  "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
+  "schemaVersion": 2,
+  "artifactType": "application/vnd.dev.sigstore.bundle.v0.3+json",
+  "config": {
+    "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.empty.v1+json",
+    "digest": "sha256:44136fa3...",
+    "size": 2
+  },
+  "layers": [
+    {
+      "digest": "sha256:cafed00d...",
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.dev.sigstore.bundle.v0.3+json",
+      "size": 4971
+    }
+  ],
+  "subject": {
+    "digest": "sha256:c00010ff...",
+    "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.index.v1+json"
+   }
+}
+```
+
+The manifest must have an `artifactType` field which identifies the type of the
+artifact being referenced -- in this case, it's the Sigstore bundle media type.
+
+The `layers` collection will have a single entry that points to the bundle's
+blob by referencing its size, digest and media type.
+
+The `subject` field associates this artifact with some other artifact which
+already exists in this repository (in this case, an image with the digest
+`c00010ff`)
+
+Sigstore bundles don't require any additional configuration data, so the
+`config` field references the
+[empty descriptor](https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/f5f87016de46439ccf91b5381cf76faaae2bc28f/manifest.md#guidance-for-an-empty-descriptor).
+
+At this point, any registry which supports the
+[referrers API](https://github.com/opencontainers/distribution-spec/blob/main/spec.md#listing-referrers)
+will automatically associate this manifest with the listed subject and make it
+available in the referrers index for that subject.
+
+If the registry DOES NOT support the referrers API, a referrers list must be
+manually created/updated using the
+[referrers tag scheme](https://github.com/opencontainers/distribution-spec/blob/main/spec.md#referrers-tag-schema).
+
+```
+PUT /v2/foo/manifests/sha256-c00010ff...
+Content-Type: application/vnd.oci.image.index.v1+json
+
+{
+  "schemaVersion": 2,
+  "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.index.v1+json",
+  "manifests": [
+    {
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
+      "digest": "sha256:badf00d..",
+      "size": 779,
+      "artifactType": "application/vnd.dev.sigstore.bundle.v0.3+json"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+This index is uploaded with a tag that references the digest of the image to
+which all of the listed artifacts are associated. Each of the items in the
+`manifests` collection points to some other related artifact.
+
+### Retrieval
+
+When a client wants to locate Sigstore bundles which may be associated with a
+given image, they would first make a request to
+[referrers API](https://github.com/opencontainers/distribution-spec/blob/main/spec.md#listing-referrers)
+with the image's digest:
+
+```
+GET /v2/foo/referrers/sha256:c000100ff...
+```
+
+A `404 Not Found` response indicates that the registry does not support the
+referrers API and the referrers tag scheme should be used as a fallback:
+
+```
+GET /v2/foo/manifests/sha256-c000100ff...
+```
+
+A `404` here would indicate that there are no artifacts associated with the
+image.
+
+Assuming there are artifacts present, one of the two above calls will return an
+image index listing the artifacts which have been associated with the specified
+image:
+
+```
+{
+  "schemaVersion": 2,
+  "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.index.v1+json",
+  "manifests": [
+    {
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
+      "digest": "sha256:badf00d..",
+      "size": 779,
+      "artifactType": "application/vnd.dev.sigstore.bundle.v0.3+json"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+From this the client can identify any Sigstore bundles by looking at the
+`artifactType` field.
+
+Using the `digest` listed in the image index, the next step is to retrieve the
+manifest for the bundle:
+
+```
+GET /v2/foo/manifests/sha256:badf00d..
+```
+
+```
+{
+  "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
+  "schemaVersion": 2,
+  "artifactType": "application/vnd.dev.sigstore.bundle.v0.3+json",
+  "config": {
+    "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.empty.v1+json",
+    "digest": "sha256:44136fa3...",
+    "size": 2
+  },
+  "layers": [
+    {
+      "digest": "sha256:cafed00d...",
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.dev.sigstore.bundle.v0.3+json",
+      "size": 4971
+    }
+  ],
+  "subject": {
+    "digest": "sha256:c00010ff...",
+    "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.index.v1+json"
+   }
+}
+```
+
+The final step is to use the `digest` from the first of the `layers` to retrieve
+the bundle blob:
+
+```
+GET /v2/foo/blobs/uploads/?digest=cafed00d...
+```
+
+```
+{
+  "mediaType": "application/vnd.dev.sigstore.bundle.v0.3+json",
+  "verificationMaterial": {...},
+  "messageSignature": {...}
+}
+```
+
+## Annotations
+
+For any given image, there may be any number of attached attestation bundles.
+When there are multiple Sigstore bundles associated with an image it may be
+difficult to identify which artifact is which in the image index:
+
+```json
+{
+  "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.index.v1+json",
+  "schemaVersion": 2,
+  "manifests": [
+    {
+      "artifactType": "application/vnd.dev.sigstore.bundle.v0.3+json",
+      "digest": "sha256:facefeed",
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json"
+    },
+    {
+      "artifactType": "application/vnd.dev.sigstore.bundle.v0.3+json",
+      "digest": "sha256:d0d0caca",
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+To help disambiguate attestations, clients may add annotations to the items in
+the `manifests` list which indicate what is contained within each bundle and
+when it was created:
+
+- `dev.sigstore.bundle.content` - Must be one "message-signature" or
+  "dsse-envelope" and should match the type of content embedded in the Sigstore
+  bundle.
+- `dev.sigstore.bundle.predicateType` - When the bundle contains a DSSE-wrapped
+  in-toto statement, the statement's predicate can be reflected here.
+- `org.opencontainers.image.created` - Date and time when the attestation bundle
+  was created, conforming to
+  [RFC 3339](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3339#section-5.6) (this is one of
+  the pre-defined annotation keys identified in the
+  [OCI spec](https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/main/annotations.md#pre-defined-annotation-keys)).
+
+These annotations should be included as part of the bundle manifest:
+
+```json
+{
+  "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
+  "schemaVersion": 2,
+  "artifactType": "application/vnd.dev.sigstore.bundle.v0.3+json",
+  "annotations": {
+    "dev.sigstore.bundle.content": "dsse-envelope",
+    "dev.sigstore.bundle.predicateType": "https://slsa.dev/provenance/v1",
+    "org.opencontainers.image.created": "2024-03-08T18:18:20.406Z"
+  },
+  "config": {
+    "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.empty.v1+json",
+    "digest": "sha256:44136fa3...",
+    "size": 2
+  },
+  "layers": [
+    {
+      "digest": "sha256:cafed00d...",
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.dev.sigstore.bundle.v0.3+json",
+      "size": 4971
+    }
+  ],
+  "subject": {
+    "digest": "sha256:c00010ff...",
+    "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.index.v1+json"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Registries which support the referrers API will automatically propagate any
+annotations on the referring manifest to the index. For registries which do NOT
+support the referrers API, the annotations should be added to the index when it
+is updated manually. In either case, the end result should look something like
+the following:
+
+```json
+{
+  "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.index.v1+json",
+  "schemaVersion": 2,
+  "manifests": [
+    {
+      "artifactType": "application/vnd.dev.sigstore.bundle.v0.3+json",
+      "digest": "sha256:facefeed",
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
+      "annotations": {
+        "dev.sigstore.bundle.content": "message-signature",
+        "org.opencontainers.image.created": "2024-03-07T18:17:38.000Z"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "artifactType": "application/vnd.dev.sigstore.bundle.v0.3+json",
+      "digest": "sha256:d0d0caca",
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
+      "annotations": {
+        "dev.sigstore.bundle.content": "dsse-envelope",
+        "dev.sigstore.bundle.predicateType": "https://slsa.dev/provenance/v1",
+        "org.opencontainers.image.created": "2024-03-08T18:18:20.406Z"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```