Investigate why this by-move-argument-access is not caught

[RalfJung]

struct Foo([u8;100]);

static mut F: *const Foo = std::ptr::null();

fn escape(x: &Foo) {
    unsafe {
        F = x as _;
    }
}

fn move_arg(mut x: Foo) {
    unsafe {
        x.0[0] = 1;
        assert_eq!((*F).0[0], 0);
    }
}

fn src(x: Foo) {
    escape(&x);
    move_arg(x);
}

fn main() {
    src(Foo([0;100]));
}

(via Zulip)

[RalfJung]

There seem to be multiple confounding factors here:

• One has to build this with a non-zero mir-opt-level to even get fully in-place argument passing from src to move_arg. Miri runs with opt-level 0 which has extra copies which avoids the UB. The optimization that removes the copies is wrong if we assume Miri semantics. I opened Copy propagation on "move" assignments introduces UB (using Miri/MiniRust semantics) unsafe-code-guidelines#556 for that.
• But even with -Zmir-opt-level=1, we do not get in-place argument passing in Miri. Somehow, if retags are present, then GVN turns the move into a copy. Before GVN:

fn src(_1: Foo) -> () {
    debug x => _1;
    let mut _0: ();
    let mut _2: &Foo;
    let _3: &Foo;
    let _4: ();
    let mut _5: Foo;
    scope 1 (inlined escape) {
        let mut _6: *const Foo;
        let mut _7: *mut *const Foo;
    }

    bb0: {
        StorageLive(_2);
        StorageLive(_3);
        _3 = &_1;
        _2 = copy _3;
        StorageLive(_6);
        Retag(_2);
        _6 = &raw const (*_2);
        StorageLive(_7);
        _7 = const {alloc1: *mut *const Foo};
        (*_7) = copy _6;
        StorageDead(_7);
        StorageDead(_6);
        StorageDead(_2);
        StorageDead(_3);
        StorageLive(_5);
        _5 = move _1;
        _4 = move_arg(move _5) -> [return: bb1, unwind continue];
    }

    bb1: {
        StorageDead(_5);
        return;
    }
}

After GVN:

fn src(_1: Foo) -> () {
    debug x => _1;
    let mut _0: ();
    let mut _2: &Foo;
    let _3: &Foo;
    let _4: ();
    let mut _5: Foo;
    scope 1 (inlined escape) {
        let mut _6: *const Foo;
        let mut _7: *mut *const Foo;
    }

    bb0: {
        StorageLive(_2);
        nop;
        _3 = &_1;
        _2 = copy _3;
        nop;
        Retag(_2);
        _6 = &raw const (*_2);
        StorageLive(_7);
        _7 = const {alloc1: *mut *const Foo};
        (*_7) = copy _6;
        StorageDead(_7);
        nop;
        StorageDead(_2);
        nop;
        StorageLive(_5);
        _5 = copy _1;
        _4 = move_arg(copy _1) -> [return: bb1, unwind continue];
    }

    bb1: {
        StorageDead(_5);
        return;
    }
}

This can be reproduced with rustc --emit=mir move.rs -O -Zmir-emit-retag -Zdump-mir=src.

@rust-lang/wg-mir-opt @cjgillot @compiler-errors any idea why GVN might be doing this?