diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yml b/.github/workflows/main.yml index 589bae7..50315d9 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/main.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/main.yml @@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ jobs: HUGO_ENVIRONMENT: production TZ: Asia/Kolkata run: | + cd hugo_root && \ hugo \ --gc \ --minify \ @@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ jobs: - name: Upload artifact uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v3 with: - path: ./public + path: ./hugo_root/public # Deployment job deploy: diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index beb8e47..00a5102 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -2,15 +2,13 @@ .temp # Generated files by hugo -/public/ -/resources/_gen/ -/assets/jsconfig.json -hugo_stats.json +/hugo_root/public/ +/hugo_root/resources/_gen/ +/hugo_root/assets/jsconfig.json +/hugo_root/hugo_stats.json +/hugo_root/.hugo_build.lock # Executable may be added to repository hugo.exe hugo.darwin hugo.linux - -# Temporary lock file while building -/.hugo_build.lock diff --git a/.gitmodules b/.gitmodules index c1bd7bd..afe20e3 100644 --- a/.gitmodules +++ b/.gitmodules @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ [submodule "vault"] path = vault url = https://github.com/rishav-singh-0/Rishav_Notes.git -[submodule "themes/PaperMod"] - path = themes/PaperMod +[submodule "hugo_root/themes/PaperMod"] + path = hugo_root/themes/PaperMod url = https://github.com/adityatelange/hugo-PaperMod.git diff --git a/content/posts/Arch_Installation.md b/content/posts/Arch_Installation.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3c9e37a..0000000 --- a/content/posts/Arch_Installation.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,198 +0,0 @@ -+++ -date = '2024-11-10T16:37:39+05:30' -draft = true -title = 'Arch installation Guide' -+++ - -Ofcource my notes are are derived from [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide). And I highly recommend to read it too. These notes contains all the things which i do at the fime of new Arch Installation, so it is well tested. - -## Create Bootable usb - -`sudo dd bs=4 if=/mnt/Tools/linux/distros/archlinux-2021.02.01-x86_64.iso of=/dev/sdb conv=fdatasync status=progress` - -## Verify the boot mode -To verify the boot mode, list the efivars directory: -` ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars ` - -If the command shows the directory without error, then the system is booted in UEFI mode. If the directory does not exist, the system may be booted in BIOS (or CSM) mode. If the system did not boot in the mode you desired, refer to your motherboard's manual. - - -## Connect to the internet -`ip link` -WiFi - `iwctl` - -- device list -- station device scan -- station device get-networks -- station device connect SSID - - - SSID is name of your WiFi network (eg. 'Dark Demon') - -### Alternate: -`iwctl --passphrase passphrase station device connect SSID` - -### Test -`ping gnu.org` - - -## Update the system clock -`timedatectl set-ntp true` - -## Partition the disks -When recognized by the live system, disks are assigned to a block device such as /dev/sda, /dev/nvme0n1 or /dev/mmcblk0. To identify these devices, use lsblk or fdisk. - -`fdisk -l` -Results ending in rom, loop or airoot may be ignored. - -The following partitions are required for a chosen device: - -- One partition for the root directory /. -- For booting in UEFI mode: an EFI system partition. -- If you want to create any stacked block devices for LVM, system encryption or RAID, do it now. - -Example look UEFI with GPT - -| Mount point | Partition | Partition type | Suggested size | -| :------------------------- | :------------------------ | :------------------- | :----------------------- | -| /mnt/boot or /mnt/boot/efi | /dev/efi_system_partition | EFI system partition | At least 260 MiB | -| [SWAP] | /dev/swap_partition | Linux swap | More than 512 MiB | -| /mnt | /dev/root_partition | Linux x86-64 root (/) | Remainder of the device | - -## Format the partitions - - -``` -mount -o noatime,compress=lzo,space_cache=v2,discard=async,subvol=@ /dev/sdb1 /mnt -``` - -Once the partitions have been created, each newly created partition must be formatted with an appropriate file system. For example, to create an Ext4 file system on /dev/root_partition, run: - -`mkfs.ext4 /dev/root_partition` - -If you created a partition for swap, initialize it with mkswap: - -`mkswap /dev/swap_partition` - -Note: For stacked block devices replace /dev/*_partition with the appropriate block device path. - -## Mount the file systems -Mount the root volume to /mnt. For example, if the root volume is /dev/root_partition: - -`mount /dev/root_partition /mnt` -Create any remaining mount points (such as /mnt/efi) using mkdir and mount their corresponding volumes. - -If you created a swap volume, enable it with swapon: - -`swapon /dev/swap_partition` - - -## Installation - -Update the system by `pacman -Syy` - - -### Select the mirrors (Optional) -- Install reflector by `pacman -S reflector` - -- If you want you can backup default mirror list - -`cp /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak` - -- Getting good mirror list for your location - -`reflector -c "IN" -f 12 -l 10 -n 12 --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist` - -## Install essential packages - -``` -pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux-lts linux-firmware vim networkmanager btrfs-progs grub efibootmgr git -``` - -## Configure the system - -### Fstab -Generate an fstab file (use -U to define by UUID): - -`genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab` - -### Chroot -Change root into the new system: - -`arch-chroot /mnt` - - -### Set the time zone: - -`ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Kolkata /etc/localtime` - -- Run hwclock to generate /etc/adjtime: - -`hwclock --systohc` - -- Edit /etc/locale.gen and uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 and other needed locales. Generate the locales by running: - -`locale-gen` -- Create the locale.conf file, and set the LANG variable accordingly: - -`echo 'LANG=en_US.UTF-8' > /etc/locale.conf` - -Network configuration -Create the hostname file: - -`vim /etc/hostname` - -`myhostname` - - -Add matching entries to hosts file: - -`vim /etc/hosts` - -``` -127.0.0.1 localhost -::1 localhost -127.0.1.1 myhostname.localdomain myhostname -``` - -### Initramfs -Creating a new initramfs is usually not required, because mkinitcpio was run on installation of the kernel package with pacstrap. - -For LVM, system encryption or RAID, modify mkinitcpio.conf(5) and recreate the initramfs image: - -`mkinitcpio -P` - -## Set users -- Create root password using `passwd` -- Create normal user - - `useradd -mG wheel,audio,video rishav` -- Create password for this user - `passwd rishav` - - -## Install Grub Bootloader -We already installed grub and efibootmgr which are necessary to install grub in efi boot filesystem - -```bash -mkdir /boot/efi -mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi -grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --bootloader-id=GRUB --efi-directory=/boot/efi -grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg -``` -## Other impoetant things - -### Starting important services - -``` -ststemctl enable NetworkManager -``` -### Extra -- Depending on the processor, install the following package: - - - amd-ucode for AMD processors - - `pacman -S amd-ucode` - - - intel-ucode for Intel processors. - - `pacman -S intel-ucode` diff --git a/content/posts/Linux_Containers.md b/content/posts/Linux_Containers.md deleted file mode 100644 index 96e057b..0000000 --- a/content/posts/Linux_Containers.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,46 +0,0 @@ -# Linux Containers - -We will use lxd (LX Demon) and lxc (Linux Container) for creating and managing our Linux Containers - -## Installation - -On arch linux -``` -sudo pacman -S lxc lxd -``` - -## Setup - -### First of all we need to enable lxd and lxc service - -On systemd -``` -sudo systemctl enable lxd.service lxd.socket lxc.service -``` - -Enable the control groups PAM module by modifying `/etc/pam.d/system-login` to additionally contain the following line: -``` -session optional pam_cgfs.so -c freezer,memory,name=systemd,unified -``` - -Secondly, modify `/etc/lxc/default.conf` to contain the following lines: -``` -lxc.idmap = u 0 100000 65536 -lxc.idmap = g 0 100000 65536 -``` - -Finally, create both /etc/subuid and /etc/subgid to contain the mapping to the containerized uid/gid pairs for each user who shall be able to run the containers. The example below is simply for the root user (and systemd system unit): - -Add folling to `/etc/subuid` -``` -root:100000:65536 -``` - -Add following to `/etc/subgid` -``` -root:100000:65536 -``` - -## GUI Setup - - diff --git a/content/posts/agriculture_ideas.md b/content/posts/agriculture_ideas.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1f2d00c..0000000 --- a/content/posts/agriculture_ideas.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -+++ -date = '2024-11-10T16:37:39+05:30' -draft = true -title = 'Agricultural Ideas' -+++ - - -## Vision - -- Ease of use that even i can be farmer -- High yield -- Low cost -- Long term solution for farmers as well as environment - -## Imagination - -- Greenhouse -- Drone/Balloon used for monitoring disease, weeds, etc. and make a report -- Based on this report automatically spray in those areas -- Use biofertilizers -- Use sensors for reporting what and when nuterients are needed diff --git a/content/posts/custom_linux_kernel.md b/content/posts/custom_linux_kernel.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7fa1266..0000000 --- a/content/posts/custom_linux_kernel.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,174 +0,0 @@ -# Compile your custom linux kernel - -Date: 17 Sept. 2021 - -## Preparation - -### Install Dependencies - -``` -sudo pacman -S base-devel xmlto kmod inetutils bc libelf git --needed -``` - -### Downloading source and local setup - -It is recommended to create a separate build directory for your kernel(s). In this example, the directory kernelbuild will be created in the home directory: - -``` -mkdir ~/kernelbuild -cd ~/kernelbuild -``` - -Goto [kernel.org](https://www.kernel.org/) and download kernel source - -``` -wget https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.14.5.tar.xz -``` -> Note: you can verify signature of the downloaded tarball if you want - -Extract tarball - -``` -tar -xvJf linux-5.14.5.tar.xz -``` - -Check - -![ls command output](./images/custom_linux_kernel/0.png) - -## Kernel configuration - -To finalise the preparation, ensure that the kernel tree is absolutely clean; do not rely on the source tree being clean after unpacking. To do so, first change into the new kernel source directory created, and then run the make mrproper command: - -``` -cd linux-5.14.5 - -# cean up the tree -make mrproper -``` - -copy config file - -``` -zcat /proc/config.gz > .config -``` - -make sure all configuration options have values that are required - -``` -make olddefconfig -``` - -### Another option(not recommended) -automatically detect the hardware and creates config based on just that -downside is that its not gonna detect anything which is not currently connected - -``` -make localmodconfig -``` - -### Menu driven configuration utility(best option) - -``` -make menuconfig -``` - -This should look somewhat like: - -![make menuconfig](./images/custom_linux_kernel/1.png) - -Here is the main part of research and knowing your hardware, Good Luck πŸ‘ with that. -When all the required configurations are done, save your configurations in `.config` file. - -## Build the kernel - -We can use -j flag to use multiple cores of cpu while compiling - -``` -make -j4 -``` - -This process will normally take some time so grab a cup of coffee(it took around 1 hour for me) - -## Installation - - -### Install the modules - - - -Once the kernel has been compiled, the modules for it must follow. First build the modules: - -``` -make modules -j4 -``` - -Change to root user -``` -sudo su -``` - -Then install the modules. - -``` -make modules_install -j4 -``` - -This will copy the compiled modules into `/lib/modules/-`. For example, for kernel version 5.14 installed above, they would be copied to `/lib/modules/5.14.5-ARCH`. This keeps the modules for individual kernels used separated. - - - -### Copy the kernel to /boot directory - -The kernel compilation process will generate a compressed `bzImage` (big zImage) of that kernel, which must be copied to the /boot directory and renamed in the process. Provided the name is prefixed with `vmlinuz-`, you may name the kernel as you wish. - -``` -# cp -v arch/x86_64/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz- - -cp -v arch/x86_64/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-linux514 -``` - -### Make initial RAM disk - -Generate initramfs image file -You are free to name the initramfs image file whatever you wish when generating it. However, it is recommended to use the `linux` convention. For example, the name 'linux514' was given as '5' is the major revision and '14' is the minor revision of the 5.14 kernel. This convention will make it easier to maintain multiple kernels, regularly use mkinitcpio, and build third-party modules. - -``` -# mkinitcpio -k -g /boot/initramfs-.img - -mkinitcpio -k 5.14.5 -g /boot/initramfs-linux514.img -``` - -### Copy System.map file - -The `System.map` file is not required for booting Linux. It is a type of "phone directory" list of functions in a particular build of a kernel. The System.map contains a list of kernel symbols (i.e function names, variable names etc) and their corresponding addresses. - -Copy `System.map` to `/boot`, appending your kernel's name to the destination file. Then create a symlink from `/boot/System.map` to point to `/boot/System.map-`: - -``` -cp System.map /boot/System.map- -ln -sf /boot/System.map- /boot/System.map -``` - -## Summary - -After completing all steps above, you should have the following 3 files and 1 soft symlink in your `/boot` directory along with any other previously existing files: - -- Kernel: `vmlinuz-` -- Initramfs: `Initramfs-.img` -- System Map: `System.map-` -- System Map kernel symlink - -## Bootloader configuration - -### For grub bootloader - -``` -grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg -``` - -## Refrences - -1. https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Kernel/Traditional_compilation -2. https://www.kernel.org/ - diff --git a/content/posts/degoogle_rom.md b/content/posts/degoogle_rom.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3a864a9..0000000 --- a/content/posts/degoogle_rom.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ - -## /e/ OS - -settings put global captive_portal_http_url http://204.ecloud.global -settings put global captive_portal_https_url https://e.foundation/net_204/ - -## change ntp - -settings put global ntp_server pool.ntp.org - -## DeBlot pre-installed apps - -1. Use this command to list all the apps installed - - ``` - adb shell pm list packages - ``` - -- To search any particular keyword use `grep` command - ``` - adb shell pm list packages | grep 'keyword' - ``` -- Package names will be somewhat like this, eg. for `Google Assistant` its `com.android.hotwordenrollment.okgoogle`, for `Google Auto` its `com.google.android.projection.gearhead` - - -2. Copy the name of the package you want to uninstall and use the following command - - ``` - adb shell pm uninstall -k --user 0 com.my.demo.app - ``` - -> To undo the changes: -> ``` ->adb shell cmd package install-existing com.my.demo.app -> ``` diff --git a/content/posts/digital_marketing.md b/content/posts/digital_marketing.md deleted file mode 100644 index 70d8257..0000000 --- a/content/posts/digital_marketing.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,767 +0,0 @@ - -## How can one build their own audience - -So me building my own audience or any personal brand building your own -audience? And how can I do that? - -You have to start with giving something of value to your audience because you -are asking people to pay attention and you are asking people to pay you with -their contact details because they are giving away their privacy. So even -before people pay you for a course or a training program or a software, you -need to get them to **pay attention**. So you collect their contact details by -giving away something for free. I started my journey by giving away a free -digital marketing course and got people to sign up on my email list. I sent the -free course via the email list. And since it was valuable content, people paid -attention. And because I have their attention, I could sell something off, like -a premium product, like a course or something. And we take that revenue and put -it back into ads, not to advertise the product but to advertise the content -itself because we first need the attention of people. - -
-Further Discussion - -But what if let's say tomorrow, as of today, I don't want to sell -anything. I don't want to sell my audience like a premium product. I don't have -it. Maybe tomorrow I will. But today I don't. But just to reach that point, I -need to nurture and keep sending them content again and again. Why? - -The way online attention works is that if somebody sees an ad, maybe they -remember it for like a second. If somebody visits your website, they probably -remember it for like a minute. If somebody opts into your email list and then -starts receiving content from you, they might remember you for a few days. So -within those few days, you need to engage them on a deeper level. For example, -like a live webinar. And if they have attended your live webinar, they will -probably remember you for the next 30 days. And within the 30 days, if you do -not get them onto a higher engagement, they will friend zone you. If you can't -monetize the attention, then you can't grow your reach. -
- - -## Understand the mindset of your audience - -So let's say today we have attention. But because of Instagram or because of -YouTube or because of Twitter, how do we monetize this attention now? First, is -to build the email list. - -That is the first step, particularly not a social media guy, because what I -feel is that people are bored and they just have a mobile phone in their reach, -and they make sure that they are not bored. So they are scrolling through -things. And it is said that **the doom of mankind will be scrawling**. There is -no limit to it. - -Whatever we do it's for dopamine, whether we do socializing or partying or -browsing through social media. So that is what Instagram and Facebook and all -the social media channels are capitalizing on. But as people's attention spans -go lower and lower, advertising on these platforms is also very difficult. They -don't pay attention to the ads either. There is automatic ad blindness, so -people just don't pay attention to it. - -So my goal is that how do you give people something to consume, which is -something like a one or two or piece of content. And people watching this -podcast may have that kind of attention span, but not everybody is like that. -And how do you make everyone pay that kind of attention? **You have to pull -them in with what they want and give them what they need**. It's like if you -have to become fit, you have to eat healthy foods. But even if you give healthy -foods for free, it's not like everybody is going to eat it. People still need -your junk foods, lays, pizzas and everything because it gives you instant -dopamine hit. So learn today's goal, at least, is to structure people's day in -such a way that they spend less time on social media and more time going -through courses, training programs and something that is in depth, something -that has an activity around it so that they learn in a deeper way, not just -glaze over motivational content all the time. - - -## Make your purpose clear - -Why do you say that they need to engage in a deeper level? Probably because -when they engage better, they learn better that's there. And they'll understand -it in a much better way. But how can you make sure with content you're giving -them something to engage as well? - -Definitely **the end purpose of what they are learning needs to be made very -clear**. Like if I have a course, I need to convince people to buy my course -and I have to tell them what is the outcome of it. But if I have to get people -to watch a 1 hour video, I need to sell the fact that they need to pay -attention for 1 hour. So sales does not end with just selling the product. You -are continuously selling. The goal of copywriting, they say is that the -headline should make them read the first sentence, the first sentence should -make them read the second sentence, and so on. If you break that flow at any -point in time, you have lost it. So that is an art to engage people for a long -enough time to get them to pay attention and get them to think like, mainly. -That's what you are doing with long form content. You are getting them to -think. And that is not something that we can do by just giving them spoonfed -content. - -And you can get people's attention to start there. But at the same time, you -need to bring them down your funnel. If somebody is subscribed to an Instagram -feed and every day they are getting what next. It's like you are getting the -phone number, but then you have to get to the date. You can't keep talking on -the phone forever. - -
-Further Discussion - -So how do we get on date? Now that people are engaging with me on my Instagram, -what should be my next step? If you were at my place, what would you do? - -So what I would do is that I would do a mix of promotional and valuable -content. So valuable content is something that you give away for free. It could -be 80% of it. Okay. But 20% should be something to engage them on a deeper -level. So let's say you have written a book on public speaking. So you talk a -lot about public speaking. But you have written a book on public speaking, and -you want people to read that. So one out of five posts can be about getting -them to download the book and getting them to read that book, because that's -where the sophisticated audience is there. Like podcast. Obviously, podcast -listeners are sophisticated, and they go down the funnel. They buy the premium -products, they create a high quality community. So you need to filter out the -audience from social media. And let's say once they download an ebook, then -maybe they go ahead and get a course. And once they get a course, then maybe -they attend an online live workshop. Once they do an online live workshop, -maybe they come to an offline event and they meet in person. They become part -of a premium community, like a membership. And then eventually they become part -of your inner circle mastermind. And then you do, like a three day retreat, -like closed behind the doors in depth workshop. So my goal is to engage people -deeper and deeper that way. And not everybody is going to be at that level of -engagement. So I have 10,000 students in my training program, but I have just -30 people as part of a very premium exclusive mastermind. The kind of -challenges and the problems that we discuss about in that mastermind is on a -whole different level, which is probably not for everyone. So we need to build -that funnel. And also by building this funnel, you end up making a lot of -revenue. And I basically want to take that revenue and put it back into ads to -get people down the funnel. -And that way, when you have figured out how to make -the maximum ROI out of the attention that people are paying to your content, -you can only do it if you have a funnel. And if you know how to generate -profits from it and then you reinvest the profits into Facebook ads, Google -ads, YouTube ads, wherever. Then basically the whole world is your content -marketing team. You are interrupting them while they are creating content. So I -don't want to scale content creation. I want to scale the depth of the content -that they go through, the depth of influence. -
- -
-Further Discussion - -I have to get sick, but I've never thought of having a funnel. My maximum -funnel is. What I do is I ask people on Instagram first, like, do a 32nd thing. -Whoever likes it goes to my YouTube on YouTube. I make three different kind of -videos. So people who are coming on my YouTube, they're either coming to know -me in a better way or they're coming to get the same kind of thing in a much -longer version. Right. So I make blogs so that whoever's just for -entertainment, watch that blog and walk away. But whoever is there for a deeper -value, I make five things to do this. Seven things to do this. Ten things to do -that's like the front of the funnel. Yes. Actually do the seven things. Seven -things, five things they watch that. Then I want those people and I suggest -them to watch to my podcast because I know that somebody who has come from, -like, 30 seconds to ten minutes now from ten minutes, they'll go to 30 minutes. - -But I want them to actually engage in a much, much deeper way because I believe -that as a content creator, I'm not just in the business of disseminating -information or delivering content, because what is the purpose of the content? -The purpose of the content is to bring a behavior change or a transformation in -the audience. So if you can make sure that people transform with your content, -then that's how far you push the content, too, because the content is to get -attention. And if they engage on a deeper content. So let's say you give six -tips for productivity. People need to learn that and people need to actually -implement it. But right now we are just praying that okay. Some people will -implement it. Some won't. But can you figure out a system to actually get -people to implement it? That happens with deeper and deeper engagement. - -And to some extent, it happens only if people pay. Like, for example, if I give -you a free gym membership, you might not go to the gym, but if you have paid -for the gym, then you will go every day because you have paid for it, and the -value you extract out of it will be more because you paid for it. So imagine -the exact same content. Like, let's say people have to pay $100 to listen to -this conversation. They will automatically feel that this is of more value. And -this has been done in experiments where the same wine was delivered in Crystal -glasses and rich glasses. And people thought that this wine actually tastes -better. So you need to get people to pay for content is what I believe to -really get them to pay attention. -
- - -## Get paid for your content - -The amount of attention you're going to get from someone directly -depends on how much is he earning and how much is he paying out of the money, -which he's earning? From the gym membership. Someone who's, like, really rich, -wouldn't even go after paying a gym membership, but would go if you pay for a -personal trainer every day. - -So the amount they've paid if it's directly affecting their regular income, -then they actually pay attention and actually get to do things which for free -they wouldn't. - -That's true. But at the same time, people who actually pay for a gym and don't -show up at the gym, they subsidize the cost for the people who show up -regularly. So when you get people to pay for content, it pays for your time, -your team's time and everything. And they also end up subsidizing the free -content that you create for the wider audience. - - -## How do you filter out what to give for free and what not to? - -So the basic formula for that is that you **teach them the what for free, and -you charge for the how**. Okay. So if it is digital marketing, so I teach -people for free in my free webinars that hey, you can do freelancing. You can -do affiliate marketing. Look at these case studies. These people are making -money with affiliate marketing, so I get them excited. So they need to know -what they don't know first. So that can be given away for free. And that should -also be designed in such a way that it creates an itch for them to learn the -how. The how is a more comprehensive part. And even if you give the how away -for free, nobody is going to pay attention to it. - -So people value what they pay for. But if you have figured out the funnel -properly, then you don't need to do organic content at all. You need to do -content. But the purpose of the content is not to attract people, but the -purpose of the content is to convert them from a cold audience to a warm -audience. So if you purely look at it from a marketing perspective, then that's -how the funnel should be structured. - ------------------------- -But here's the contradicting part, I don't feel that attention span is going -down. I feel attention span is there only it's just the ability to judge the -content is getting quicker because there's so much content available that -people don't want to waste their time, even for 10 seconds to watch a bad -content. So they have the attention like people can watch at our straight -Netflix series, they will binge watch it. If they have the attention -deficiency, they wouldn't be able to watch it. The point is, they don't want to -waste their time on bad content. So I think the attention span is not going. -It's just the ability to judge content is getting quicker. - -Yes. But even if you have very good content. But if that content is more like, -let's say there is a two hour video on how to change your thought process. Or -let's say how to do scientific thinking. And what is the scientific thinking -method? There doesn't seem to be any very quick take away from it. Netflix is -different because it's entertainment, people get hooked onto it and then you -have Cliffhangers and you have multiple episodes. It's like a soap opera and -everything. But if it is like learning stuff like learning something new, it -has become more like infotainment because people get the satisfaction of having -grown on some way with respect to their professional skills. But it's not like -they have actually put it into practice because certain long form content ask -you to take action on it. Like Netflix doesn't. So that attention span is -something that you have to hack into. You have to convince people to spend 2 -hours with you. Like, for example, if there is a course on how to reduce -weight, there are plenty of people who want to reduce weight. And if it goes -into the science of how insulin works, how your cells absorb insulin, how your -body develops insulin resistance because you are always having blood sugar. -It's very difficult for people to pay attention to it. Rather than going -through that in depth understanding, because once they go through an in depth -understanding, they don't need to remember anything. It's like you have -expanded your mind and your understanding on a particular level. Then that -never shrinks. That takes effort that takes willpower just like fitness. You -can't just do small exercises like that you see on social media. Sit in this -position, this that you really have to push it and that's difficult to get -around to. And that's true transformation. And trying to get that through -transformation to people is the the biggest challenge in the content industry -today - ------------------------- -But that's how human beings are. It's not the challenge of content. I think -it's challenge of everyone. That's how we've been born and brought up. We value -things which give us dopamine. So I think it's job of a content creator to make -sure that you need to mix education and entertainment, or maybe education with -something which is giving the dopamine release when people are consuming, -because it's just how human beings are. Whether you are a studious person, -let's say you're a Bookwarm. There are people who study and then they get in a -loop of just study. They go from one degree to another to another to another to -another because reading that one book gives them sense of achievement. -Everybody knows that reading is a way to enlightenment. Reading is the way how -you accumulate wealth reading is all the way, but only reading is going to take -you nowhere. So at the end of the day, the content is always going to be like -that. It's the job of a creator to actually help release that dopamine with -action also, or else you won't be able to. - -So very interesting point where I would like to bring in the concept of delayed -gratification. So if you have heard about the Stanford experiment where kids -were there and you give one marshmallow to a kid and tell him that you can wait -for ten minutes and get two marshmallows, or you can eat the marshmallow -immediately. And then that's done like you won't get the second marshmallow. -They attract the people who waited for the second marshmallow over a period of -30, 40 years became very successful in life because they had that patience. And -they had that readiness to have a delayed gratification. So just for an -example, let's take my own training program in that there is a two hour module -on Facebook ads. It teaches you how to set up your own Facebook ad. And we know -that if we just give a two hour module, not everybody who came into the -training program is going to finish watching it and not just finish watching -it, but actually set up a Facebook ad themselves so that they don't forget -about it. So we provide a cashback. So we hack into that behavior and that cash -back is the dopamine, because if they finish it off, then there is an instant -reward, and then there is a long term reward as well. So imagine that I will -give you like Rs1000 every day you show up to the gym. But the one year -subscription is Rs65,000. But every day you come to the gym, I will give you -like 1000 rupee cash back. So now I am hacking your behavior to give you that -instant dopamine. But I am getting you to do something which will have a -delayed gratification, which you might not have the motivation for because it's -very delayed. So that way you are forcing people. So until the last moment like -the deadline, people are not doing it. And in the last 6 hours it's like the -11th, they go say they watch the entire video, they watch it two times, three -times if they want, and then they actually implemented, because if they don't -do it, they will lose the cash back. - -So this is similar to cred. So cred motivates you to pay your bills on time. -And it's not much. Our life is not going to change with 20 Rs30 per month. But -even if it is RS5, there is a positive behavior change and you get it done. So -that is how you hack this whole Dopamine effect and still try to get people to -consume in depth content. - -## Law of Large Numbers - -With your experience in digital marketing, you have been experimenting a lot of -stuff, how to make more and more people click how to make more and more people -buy this one particular product. Reach more people. Is there some common trait -which have observed that this is how humans are or this is how tier one people -are or tier two people are kids are. Is there like something which you have -observed, which is fascinating. - -So the conversion ratios will have a trend with tier one, tier two, tier three -cities, the age group and everything. But what is most fascinating that I have -observed is something called **the law of large numbers**. And what it says is -that with large numbers, numbers will start giving you a sense of -predictability. So if I roll the dice, what is the chance that it will show a -one, a five or a six? It is just 1/6. But how do you try to predict what it -will give you? You cannot predict it with one dice roll. But let's say I give -you an option to roll the dice 600 times. You can for sure say that it will be -around 90% to 110%, or 95% to 105%. That approximately 95%. I will get like, at -least 95%. I will get one another 95%. I will get two. So this is the law of -large numbers. So when large numbers are coming into play, a very random event -can start giving you predictability. - -So let's say murder rates in New York, murder is such a random thing. Like -there are different types. Somebody is angry with someone like somebody ends up -murdering someone. But New York May, over a period of ten years, the annual -death rate due to homicide was around $400 to $600. So on the 11th year, you -can tell that. Okay, at least there will be 300 murders with surety, because -it's just the law of large numbers. So that way when you try to build a digital -marketing funnel, you end up knowing that. If you have ten vistas on the site, -sometimes five might opt in. Sometimes two might opt in. Sometimes eight might -opt in. But if you have like, let's say 10,000 vistas and you've got 2000 -people to opt in or 3000 people to opt in, you can say that the conversion -ratio is 30% and then you know that. Okay, if I get 10,000 more clicks to the -web page, then I will have at least 30% of them convert into leads and from the -leads, maybe another 5% will convert into customers. Those 5% may, another 1% -might convert into Upsell customers. So this is the total profit I will make. -So it helps you build a predictability engine. - -And there is a very interesting story about Target doing this law of large -numbers and predictive analytics. That's what the field is called. And Target -ended up tracking purchase behavior. And they predict. Like what category -people fall in and then they go ahead and send them more coupons and offers to -their address to get them to bring them back to Target and purchase more. So -they started noticing that people who are about to give birth to a kid, they -are always buying a certain set of products like, let's say, cocoa butter, -cream, all those things. So one lady was shopping and her dad did not know that -she's about to give birth to a baby and she started getting coupons in the -mails for more such products. And her dad ended up knowing that. Okay, this is -what is going on. And Target got sued for it and everything. So that is the -power of predictive analytics. You can actually predict things when the scale -is large. And that's what we do with digital marketing. - -So even like, let's say somebody is starting up, who is doing something, who -wants to build products and start digital marketing. They need to go with large -numbers in order to build a predictive analysis. And they need to understand -these stages of the funnel very well. They need to look at what is the cost per -click I'm paying. What is your revenue per click? What is your revenue per -visitor? If you get the math right now, then scaling is just a matter of -adding. - -
-Role of Human Beings - -Do you think all of these things will be relevant now in future as well or all -of this once the AI fits in? Do you think all of this person who's doing all of -this is going to be relevant as well? - -See, I believe that content, communication and things like that can always only -be done by humans like new ideas, sharing new ideas. AI cannot replace that. -But AI has actually started having a lot of applications in digital marketing. -Like, for example, earlier we used to manually optimize the Google ad -campaigns. We would increase the CPC. We would look at what rank it has, and -then we'll try to reduce the CPC. We will see how it affects the conversion -ratio on the landing page and everything. But now you can put a daily budget -and you can say that, give me leads at 20 Rs per lead. It will automatically -adjust the CPC for you. It will try increasing. Then if the conversion becomes -less than it will try reducing if it reduces to less than the quality might -reduce. The leads might not convert. So that kind of AI definitely has come. -It's like you can have a self driving car, which is AI to take you from one -place to another. But where to go is something you have to decide. -
- -## Making people feel connected - -So how can you make sure that people come up with better ideas and they become -more creative? Is there a field of study which people can come up with because -it cannot be completely random? - -It's definitely not random, but at the same time, it's very far away from -fiction when it comes to fiction, storytelling, poetry. These areas of -creativity, including painting, are completely different. - -The kind of creativity that we are talking about when it comes to digital -marketing is very much scientific in the sense. If I have to come up with an ad -copy, there are two ways to come up with an ad copy. One is that you are trying -to join the conversation. The prospect already has in their mind. And then you -are like pulling them in or you are trying to distract them with something -flashy, like something shocking that gets attention. But it also loses -attention very fast. So if somebody is having a question like, hey, how do I -become a digital marketing freelancer? That is the question that I am going to -answer in the ad copy. And if you are joining the conversation that the -prospect already has in their mind, then it's very easy to get their attention, -finding out what they have in their mind. There are a lot of creative ways to -do it. Like you can talk to them. You can interact with them. You can run, like -a survey or a form. You can look at their online behavior. What are the -keywords that they are clicking on? If you are sending out an email, you can do -a split test. You can see what words actually match better and what, rings a -Bell. - -So basically what we do is that with our sales pages and copywriting pages, we -pick out words from interviewing customers, and we basically use the same words -from the landing page so that they feel they connect. - -Can we do that with the content as well? whatever they are commenting, we can -pick up words from that, use those words in my content so that they feel more -connected. - -Yes, definitely. Because as content creators, we keep creating content. -Sometimes we start losing touch with how the audience is feeling about it. And -that is where having real interactions with your audience is very important -because let's say you are talking about something and you are talking to a real -person. If the real person is not so interested, they will just walk away. It -will actually make you feel very bad. But it might be happening with your -online content. Like, so much. But you might not be knowing about it. Right. So -you need to ring that Bell in their head by talking about the right things. -Like, the best example of it is AMUL. Amul is creative. But it's also going -with the current trends. And there is a scientific way to choose, like, what -should we draw about? What should we create an ad about? Because it's very, -very something recent happened and they have a creative angle of it. - ------------------------- -When you say scientific way, scientific way. What do you exactly mean by this? -Is there, like, based on psychology or based on certain aspects of certain -studies? Are there rules to play by? - -Basically numbers driven. For example, when I read Four Hour Work Week by Tim -Ferriss, he talked about trying to come up with a very creative book cover, -which will perform very well. So how do you come up with a very creative book -cover, like creativity. It could look funky. It could try to get your -attention. But what you estimate will get attention and what actually gets -attention out there will be two different things. So what Tim did was that he -ran Facebook ads with four different book covers, and he saw which got, like, -higher CTR. And then he took that and he actually made it into the book cover -of his real book. So there is a scientific way to it. You look at the data and -you look at what people are responding to. And from there, you take it deeper. -I think Cambridge Analytica did it and got into soup. So this is obviously like -a superpower. You need to use it very carefully. And you can experiment with -the titles as well. Right. Rather than trying to run a poll with your audience -on YouTube, like, just put and ask people to vote. Instead of that, you can -actually see people's behavior like run an ad with four different titles. If -you run an ad with four different titles and four different bookcars, you have, -like, 16 different variations. But you could get that data and use that data -and basically built on top of it. - -So that's how I have built my business. The first course that I launched was -Google Ads course. Before launching that course, I had a community. So digital -deepack has become part of learnt today now. And at that time it was just -digital deepak and we had a group on Facebook. We just had 2000 members. Today -we have 200,000 members in that group on Facebook itself. And we just ran a -poll like, I'm planning to launch a paid premium course. And what do you like -to learn about the most Facebook ads? Google ads, SEO, blogging. People voted -for Google ads the most. So I created a course on that. And I sold the course -even before the course was created. - -And I was like, if enough pre orders don't come, then I will cancel the project -and refund everyone if actually people buy. So I was expecting 50 sales, but I -got 250 sales. Then there was no other way I had to do it. - ------------------------- -Like anyone who is like an Instagrammer could have a freelancer working for him -who can just basically put it on an Excel sheet and put out all the content -that he has created in a month. So how many likes it got, how many comments it -got and then basically analyze why this got, like, higher reach, or maybe this -performs well. So I will do more of it. So it's a continuous process of -optimizing optimizing to basically make it land with the audience in a very -good way. And I think that's what stand up comedians do. Right? Stand up -comedians write a lot of jokes and they try it with smaller audiences. Some -jokes don't land and they start eliminating them. Some jokes land, and they -start repeating more of those jokes. And eventually, when they go for their big -event, it's all a collection of the jokes that work with smaller audiences. So -that's exactly what you do. Like when I create a training video module before -creating the training video module, I actually do a live presentation to a -small audience of 100, 200 people, and I asked them, Is there anything else to -add? Do you have any questions? And in that the content takes a structure. And -then I use that structure to create the final video. So there has to be a -product market fit for every piece of content that you create, because the -content is the product. They talk about product market fit for products. But -each and every piece of content is a product that has to be a fit. - -That makes sense. But what about the product market fit? The content is -product. And once people consume it, there's nothing. There's no revenue, -there's no monetization. What after that? Let's say people don't want to make -courses. What can an average content creator can do? - -So that might be harsh to say that. But if people don't figure out a way to -make revenue with their content, the attention of the people will shift from -them to the people who can figure out how to make revenue with their content. -So that's the only thing that is going to happen, because when you look at the -entire competition out there among creators, the creator who will end up -getting the maximum reach is the creator who has figured out how to make the -most revenue out of, let's say, one man minute of attention, because now he has -more leverage and he can apply that leverage to create more content if he -wants. And that is why content marketing is so popular right now. And this is -also something I felt about news publications. Right? So you have TV, radio, -newspapers and magazines. And these were separate businesses of their own -because it was such a complex thing to run a business which is like a -newspaper. You need distribution magazine, you need printing for radio, you -need frequencies for TV, you need satellites. So publications thrived because -there was this small channel of connection with the outside world and -advertisers who are like merchants, product creators. They had no other option -but to go through these publications to reach the audience. So there was a -premium there. But now the floodgates have been opened. Anyone can become a -content creator, so you cannot really make revenue from advertising anymore. -And we are seeing that happening. Right? I won't name the publications, but we -know the usual suspects. All the publications in India, who are very reputed -publications, sometimes more than 100 years old. If you look at their site, -it's completely filled with ads. And they are trying to make revenue out of the -ads to support the journalism. And now many people have also tried getting -people to subscribe for their journalism. And I don't think that has gone very -well. And people won't subscribe to ten different publications. At the same -time, people are looking for free content. So that way, since it has become -difficult to monetize the attention, one of the best ways to monetize the -attention right now is to sell your own product or service. Like, for example, -let's say Amazon such a big ecommerce store, but they own a lot of content -properties. Like, for example, Dppreview. Com. Dpreview dot com is a digital -photography review website. And from there they link back to Amazon to purchase -the digital cameras. So that is the way they monetize the content. So after -content, if there is no product to sell, then you are trying to make revenue -from advertising. It's like you are getting the attention. But then you are -trying to pass on the attention to someone else and how much the prospect -trusts you, he might not trust them directly. So the ads are not going to -perform well. So that way, if the product creator itself is getting the -attention via content, then that is going to be an easier conversion. - -Like, for example, look at Clear Tax. Clear Tax has so many page views, I think -more than 3 million page views a month. It is almost two X to three X of many -startup publications in India. And how do startup publications try to make -money through ads? How does Clear Tax make money because they get customers -directly for their software so they can afford to invest so much in content -creation. So now they are getting a bigger pie of the attention that is out -there. - ------------------------- -What other relevant questions a content creator needs to ask themselves in -order to build products. - -So I would rather look at it as content being a means to an end rather than -content creation just for the sake of content creation itself, because content -is what attracts attention. But at the same time, what after that is something -that you have to start with. Like, for example, there are push up boards in -Amazon. They sell for around 400 to Rs500. One of my friends started DTC -Ecommerce Store and he's selling the same pushup board, almost the same quality -and everything. But he's able to sell it for Rs1200. But what he has done is -that he is also bundling a course along with it on how to build your upper body -strength. So when it comes to digital products, especially courses or SaaS -products, it doesn't take any money to replicate it. Right. So I can create a -course for RS5000, and I can give an athlete Commission of 100% on the 5000 RP -course because it doesn't cost me money apart from some server cost to actually -spread it. So that way, when content creators approach it with an end in mind, -then there is a way for you to make sure that the content thrives. If you don't -get paid for the time that you invest in creating content, how will you create -more content? - ------------------------- -So now next time we're doing podcast, we're going to sell mics along with the -podcast course. - -Yeah. Podcasting course, It's such an in demand course. Right. So you could -convert all this attention into money by selling a podcasting course, it will -give you more revenue. And then you can put that revenue into more content -creation, maybe more team members, maybe more graphics. Maybe you can boost -some of your videos if you post it on YouTube. I'm pretty sure that you are not -running YouTube ads. But what if you have the revenue to run YouTube ads and -get a wider reach, then you are getting more of that attention. - ------------------------- -But isn't it that if you pay to get reach, your organic reach dies? - -Not necessarily because you don't pay to get reach for advertising your -products directly. You pay to get more reach for your content itself. And if -people engage in that content, organic reach will actually go up. Let's say -there is a YouTube video and it's a ten minute YouTube video and my channel is -not that famous and there is no user signals for YouTube to take those signals -and start boosting it. So if I run ads for it and let's say if it gets like -50,000 views now YouTube has data to work on like YouTube will see that. Okay. -Engagement is high. The amount of people going to the end of the video is high, -so they will start recommending it more. The algorithm will start recommending -it more. So having content and then having a paid marketing budget behind it. -It's basically like putting fire to cotton. It kind of gives you that more -reach. - -And I used to think like this. Like, for example, if you are a real estate -person and you want to become a real estate mogul, what you would do. You would -try to acquire more and more properties over time. It's not like you build a -building, make profit out of it, take that money and put it into crypto or -stocks or whatever. You would obviously try to buy more land, build more -projects and the amount of properties that you have will expand and expand. And -you will become a very rich person because real estate is limited, just like -Bitcoin. You have only so much beachfront properties. You have only so much -land. That's always the limited quantity that was there. So I used to think -that if I want to own more of the Internet, then I need to create more content. -But creating more content is unlimited. It's like the meta verse. There is -unlimited amount of pages that can be published on your blog. Like my blog can -have like a million extra pages that doesn't necessarily own more of the -internet because there are so many pages on the Internet. What is really -limited when it comes to Internet is the attention and you have maybe 3 hours -of attention per person on average that they will look at screens and browse -through the Internet. Can you own more of that? That is the way you have to -approach content creation because you just have limited attention. How do you -get more of that attention for yourself rather than the attention leaking to -somewhere else? When you look at it, that way, then it takes on a whole -different meaning on what kind of content you create. How do you engage them? -And for me, at least the idea is to always take away people from social media -sites to my own platform, to my own app, to my own website, to my own email -list. So that way they are in my ecosystem. - -If you don't own your email list and you don't own a direct connection to your -audience, you are on a platform, the platform gives you reach, and it's up to -that platform to limit your reach. So if you want the users to be your users, -they are not just going to be following you. On a social media platform, you -need to have their contact details, which is to start with the email ID. -Because the Instagram users sign up with their phone number and email ID. -Right. The Instagram of the data, they own the audience. You don't own the -audience. So how do you own the audience? So today the Internet economy gives -us an opportunity to even compete with Facebook or Instagram directly by -creating your own app and your own platform. - ------------------------- -How do you get more attention? - -So one way to get more attention is to create more content and create content -in such a way that it is trending. And if you create some content that is -trending right now, people will pay you attention. But the problem with that is -that let's say nine gag gets a lot of attention. You cannot convert that -attention into money because it is purely entertainment. News, to some extent -is also entertainment. So you can come up with something that is latest, which -is a news. But the problem is that news is something that gets tail very fast, -It's like bread. What you need to do is that you need to create content that -ages like wine, like, for example, even today we have Shakespeare's content. So -it's like perennial content, perennial seller. It keeps selling two decades. So -the way I'm looking at content creation and getting attention is that create -content that has a very good value over the long term that the content is -relevant even after ten years that they go through. But at the same time, -instead of trying to get people's attention on social media, get them onto your -platform. So, for example, I give a free digital marketing course. And instead -of creating a lot of digital marketing videos and putting it out there, instead -of creating 200 pieces of content, I just have 25 videos. So for these 25 -videos, the content is in sequence. And you need to get people hooked onto the -sequence, and then you can get the people's attention throughout the entire -sequence. Like, for example, Sacred Games doesn't need to advertise each and -every one of their episodes. They just need to get you to watch one episode. So -create content in sequence and structure in such a way that people can get -hooked onto it. And then you got more of their attention. So if you have ten -videos in a series and each video is 15 minutes long, you just need to get -people to watch the first 15 minutes video and they are hooked to it, and then -they will go all the way to the end. But at the same time, since now you are -creating less content. How do you get attention to the first piece of content? -Is that you run ads for it, and you can afford to get that attention by -basically interrupting while other people are delivering the content, you can -interrupt with a YouTube preroll ad. Why? Because you can afford to. And how -can you afford to by And towards the end of that funnel, you get them to pay -and you put that back into ads. - -So as I said, if you figure out how to make money from the attention that -people give you, then the whole world is your content marketing team. You don't -need to create content. - ------------------------- -What is learned today about? - -So learntoday is an etc platform. And the tagline for Learn today is get paid -to learn. So we literally pay people to learn. And the flagship training -program that we have right now. So we just have one course. We have trained -more than 10,000 students in this course. It's a digital marketing training -program. It's a three month program with twelve main weeks and four bonus -weeks. So every week people have to go through the training program. They have -to do an assignment. They have to submit the assignment. And if they submit the -assignment, they get a cash back. The cash back is there to motivate people to -learn. Okay. So this I started even before Learn Today was born as a minimum -viable product. And at that time, things were all over the place. We tried to -do manual payments. There used to be payment failures and everything, but now -we have created an automated system where you come in, you have a learning -management system, you watch the video, you do the assignment, and then you go -ahead and submit the assignment. The assignment gets approved and the money -comes to your bank account. So it's a completely smooth process. So that is -what Learned Today is about as of now, and we are a bootstrapped company, and -we like to grow slowly and that way, instead of trying to have more products, -we just optimized one single product as much as possible and try to get more -students enrolled in the same product. And in the long term, we do have an -ecosystem coming up. So there is something called Hire today.com that we have -acquired. And whoever goes through Learn Today course will get an opportunity -to list their profile on Higher today, which will be like a candidate search -engine. And then we are going to come up with a job application portal called -Apply Today and basically get people to apply jobs for jobs. And let's say 500 -people apply for an SEO job. We will give them an exam and let's say only five -people pass it. So the 495 people, they will recommend them an SEO course from -our platform because you need to create the edge before you sell the lotion. So -you need to know what you don't know, and that will happen only through an -exam. And actually, I have a lot more things in the ecosystem. I have things -like toystoday.com like eventually, long term. If we try to go into the school -and children's category. So we have a bunch of long term dreams. But as of now, -Learn Today is a platform for learning digital marketing, at least as of now. -Maybe in the future it becomes a platform for learning multiple things. But -people learn digital marketing. And in digital marketing they learn traffic -generation, how to build trust with your audience and how to do sales. And -these topics will never go out of fashion. How to do sales. Everybody wants to -learn to sell better. Everybody wants to learn how to market better. Everybody -wants to generate more traffic. So yeah, that's what Learning Today is about. - ------------------------- -On that note, I feel I'm a terrible salesman. I just have this feeling that I'm -very bad with sales. That's why I over deliver with content. So most of the -strategies inbound rather than outbound. I know for a fact that I can't go to -someone, look them into eye and try to close the things. I am a person who will -be like, okay, here are ten things with which I can help you with. These are -the things whether you like it or not, if you like it, great. Come walk with me -or as I move on to the next thing, I keep adding to that funnel more so that -there's a content overload and out of ten things which I'm offering at least -one day. Like, if not, I'll build ten more. Yes, I'll build ten more out of 100 -somebody something will like. That's my approach to the sales. - -So when it comes to sales, there is a very interesting thing that I noticed -that most of the sales, at least in India, is very push based. So salespeople -try to go ahead and push for sales, and they try to basically fit the product -into the customer's requirement when the customer's requirement is not very -clear or when there is not a very clear need for that sale. So let's say I come -to you and say that. Okay. I'm asking you a lot of questions. I am selling you -my digital marketing agency services, and I'm asking you how much revenue you -are making right now. Let's say you say I make X amount of revenue. Then I ask -you, how would you like to make ten X revenue from here? And then I get you to -imagine your desired state. That where you want to go. And pretty much every -product in the world is taking people from the current state to their desired -state. So even before you present the product because the product is basically -a bridge from your current state to their desired state, you need to reinforce -the current state and even reinforce the pain of being in the current state. -You need to reinforce the desired state, tell them that it is possible to go to -the desired state because others have done it. And then your product sells -naturally, because the product becomes a bridge to go from here to there. So -it's just like an elastic that you pull. You create the tension first and then -to release the tension they have to buy the product. - -That's a brilliant model. **You don't have to sell the product. You have to -sell the desired state**, because then product will be an obvious choice for -them to reach the desired state. - -Yes, the product becomes a solution and it sells automatically. So this is what -I call natural sales, and I'm trying to even trademark the term called natural -sales. I acquired naturalsales.com that's the beauty of them from the digital -marketing background. - -## Conclusion - -How to become a better content creator, how to own an email list, how to start -doing an email list. Why people have less attention in today's world? What can -we do in order to grab their attention? How can we sell them better? And we -also spoke about your platform. What are you trying to do with them today and -how you get them in a funnel and in a loop where they self realize the need of -learning. When they learn they have a platform to apply and go and start making -money. If they can't, they need to upskill themselves in order to make again to -do the same thing again. diff --git a/content/posts/git_undo_mistakes.md b/content/posts/git_undo_mistakes.md deleted file mode 100644 index cd8c4a8..0000000 --- a/content/posts/git_undo_mistakes.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,68 +0,0 @@ -# Undo Mistakes 😱 - -## git restore filename -- will discard uncommited change for this file -- cannot be undone afterward - -### git restore -p filename -- p stands for patches -- will ask for each change in this file to be restore or not - -### git restore . -- undo all changes since last commit - - -## git commit --ammend -m "Commit Message" -- change commit message of last commit -- do not change already pushed commit - -## git revert \ -- it reverts specified single commit -- \ can be seen through `git log`, eg. 74e3b2b -- it makes new commit by exactly doing opposite changes, so it is very safe - -## git reset --hard 74e3b2b -- it resets HEAD to certain commit in history while deleting all the commits after it -- if commits just local then they are gone forever - -### git reset --mixed 74e3b2b -- same as previous one but it will store all the changes from the removed commits as uncommited changes - -## git restore --source 74e3b2b filename -- will restore this file to certain commit (just 1 file) - -## git reflog -- it is advance version of `git log` - -### Restore after hard reset -- it even stores history for certain time after `git reset --hard` -- you can `git reset 74e3b2b` but creating mew branch is preferred by `git branch branch_name 74e3b2b` - -### Restore after deleting entire branch -- look for \ from `git reflog` -- then `git branch branch_name 36a46a1` - -## Moving commit to another branch -- if you want to *move* cirtain commits from current branch to new branch - ``` - git branch new_branch_name - git reset HEAD~1 --hard - ``` -- if moving commit to already present branch - ``` - git checkout branch_name - git cherry-pick 36a46a1 - git checkout previous_branch_name - git reset --hard HEAD~1 - ``` - -## Interactive rebase -- is very advance, *dangerous* and powerful tool -- read comments during the process - -### Change commit history -- for example if you want to change commit history upto 3 commits before current HEAD -- `git rebase -i HEAD~3` -- you can change/*reword* commit messages, delete/*drop* commits, *squash* multiple commits together - - diff --git a/content/posts/linux_intro.md b/content/posts/linux_intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8753785..0000000 --- a/content/posts/linux_intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,148 +0,0 @@ -# Introduction to Linux - -## What is Operating System ? -An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs. - -## What is Kernel? -The kernel is a part of operating system which has complete control over everything in the system. It is the portion of the operating system code that is always resident in memory,[2] and facilitates interactions between hardware and software components. - -## What is [Linux](https://www.kernel.org/linux.html)? -Linux is a clone of the operating system Unix, written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. It aims towards [POSIX](http://get.posixcertified.ieee.org/) and Single UNIX Specification compliance. - -## What is [GNU](http://www.gnu.org/)? -GNU is a Unix-like operating system. That means it is a collection of many programs: applications, libraries, developer tools, even games. The development of GNU, started in January 1984, is known as the GNU Project. -The name **"GNU"** is a recursive acronym for **"GNU's Not Unix."** - -## What is Shell and Bash? -Shell is a program, which facilitates the interaction between the user and kernel. There are many shells available, like sh, bash, zsh, fish...etc - -### Bash -Bash(Bourne-Again SHell) is an sh-compatible command language interpreter that executes commands read from the standard input or from a file. - -## What are Process and Daemon? -### Process -A process refers to a program in execution; it’s a running instance of a program. It is made up of the program instruction, data read from files, other programs or input from a system user. - -### Daemon -A Daemon is a service process that runs in the background and supervises the system or provides functionality to other processes. -The Daemon is for process wishing to detach themselves from the controlling terminal and run in the background. Most of the time, they are initialized at system startup and then wait in the background until their service is required. -- `syslogd` demon tracks the system information and saves it to log files - -## What is Boot Loader or LILO? -LILO (Linux Loader) is a boot loader which loads any OS into main memory so that it can begin its operations. Now, many distributions use GRUB2 as the default boot loader. - -# What are the advantage of Linux being open-source? -- Being open-source means its source code is available for everyone. Anyone can contribute, modify, enhance and distribute the code to anyone and for any purpose(under its open-source licence). -- Security is the other main advantage. By making the source available to anyone, security experts can help identify any main security flaws in the operating system. The advantage over operating systems such as Windows is that security flaws are caught before they become an issue for the public. -- Community support - -## What are basic components of GNU/Linux OS? -### Kernel -### Shlls & GUI(System libraries) -### System Utilities - -## How to check Memory stats and CPU stats? -- `free` command - - `cat /prog/meminfo` -- `vmstat` command - - `sar` command - -## How to reduce or shrink the size of LVM partition? -Use `lvm` - -## File Systems -- ext4, ntfs, btrfs ... - -## Functionality of root user -### sudo & su - -## What is CLI and GUI? -## What is Swap partition and size? -Swap space/partition is used when System running out of RAM(Random Access Memory) Memory. If the System RAM memory is full and then inactive pages in memory moved into swap space to run the program parallel without interrupting. -- if RAM < 2GB: double of RAM size -- if RAM < 4GB: anywhere around 4 to 6GB -- if RAM > 4GB: 20% of RAM - -## How to access partitions under Linux? -- `lsblk` command -- `/dev/device` - -## Device naming conventions -Like sda, vda, tty, video, fd, ttyS, lp - -## Permissions -- Read -- Write -- Execute - -- `chmod` command -- `chown` - -## Groups -- wheel - -## Links -### Symbolic/Soft Links -- Source and Destination files will have diffrent inode numbers, permissions, and size -- Both files and directories -- Accross filesystems/partition - -### Hard Links - -## What is Virtual desktop? -A virtual desktop is a software emulation of a hardware device that runs on a physical or virtual machine at a remote location, hosted either on premises or in the cloud. Enable end users to access their unique desktop environments remotely over a network. - -## What does nameless(empty) directory represent? -They serve as an attachment for all other directories, files, drives or devices. Eg. `/mnt`, `/media`. - -## Environment Variables -An environment variable is a named object that contains data used by one or more applications. In simple terms, it is a variable with a name and a value. The value of an environmental variable can for example be the location of all executable files in the file system, the default editor that should be used, or the system locale settings. -- `env` command - -## Redirection -Pass output of one operation as input to another operation in same command using `>`(greater-than) symbol. - -## Searching -- `grep` command -- `find` command - -## Terminating processes -- `kill` command - -## Browsing within filesystem -- `cd` command -- `ls` command -- `du -sh /dir` to see directory size - -## Process status -- `ps` command -- `ps aux` - - S - - Z - - > - -## nohup Command -Run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty. -The process receiving the NOHUP signal will be terminated when you log out of the program, which was used to invoke it. - -## Partial Backups -## Inode -- Contents of file will be stored in data blocks. -- Information/Metadata about that file will be stored in inode. eg file-size, permissions, owner, group, access time. -- Inode number points to inode table - -## nice Command - -## Shadow passwords - -## Facts -- Filename can be of maximum 255 characters -- Maximum path of 4096 characters -- Hidden files prifix with `.`(dot) -- Tab key -- Comments with `#` symbols -- Command chaining with `;` symbol - -## References - -- https://www.tecmint.com/linux-process-management/ diff --git a/content/posts/main.md b/content/posts/main.md deleted file mode 100644 index 96dc8d2..0000000 --- a/content/posts/main.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -# Rishav's Minimal Website - -Hey there! - -[![Maintained](https://img.shields.io/badge/Maintained%3F-yes-green.svg)](https://github.com/rishav-singh-0/) -[![Open Source Love svg1](https://badges.frapsoft.com/os/v1/open-source.svg?v=103)](https://github.com/rishav-singh-0/rishav-singh-0.github.io) - -My name is **Rishav Singh** and I am yet another Tech Enthusiast.I am also an Electronics and Communication Engineer. -I like and promote Open Source Softwares, GNU/Linux and other related stuff. - -Here on this website I usually post guides, tutorials or notes based on my own experience and uses, -idea is to make easy to follow and highly effective methods using as less words as possible. - -## Articles - -- [Git Undo Mistakes](git_undo_mistakes.html) -- [Arch Installation](Arch_Installation.html) -- [Packages on GNU/Linux](packages.html) -- [Linux Containers](Linux_Containers.html) -- [What are diffrent xfiles](xfiles.html) -- [Custom Linux Kernel(Arch)](custom_linux_kernel.html) -- [degoogle_rom](degoogle_rom.html) - - -## Agriculture - -- [understanding_farmers](understanding_farmers.html) -- [agriculture_ideas](agriculture_ideas.html) - -## Finance - -- [technical_analysis](technical_analysis.html) - -## Book Summary - -- [Rich Dad, Poor Dad](rich_dad_poor_dad.html) diff --git a/content/posts/my-first-post.md b/content/posts/my-first-post.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7b5af40..0000000 --- a/content/posts/my-first-post.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -+++ -date = '2024-11-10T16:37:39+05:30' -draft = true -title = 'My First Post' -+++ - -Hey there diff --git a/content/posts/packages.md b/content/posts/packages.md deleted file mode 100644 index f2269e7..0000000 --- a/content/posts/packages.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,248 +0,0 @@ -# Packages on Arch - -## pacstrap - -- base -- linux-lts -- linux-lts-headers -- base-devel -- btrfs -- btrfs-progs -- vim -- networkmanager -- grub -- efibootmgr -- intel-ucode - -## Utils -- mtpfs : Reading and Writing from any MTP device -- ntfs-3g : NTFS filesystem driver and utilities -- gvfs-mtp : Virtual filesystem implementation for GIO (MTP backend; Android, media player) -- gvfs-gphoto2 : Virtual filesystem implementation for GIO (gphoto2 backend; PTP camera, MTP media player) -- nfs-utils : Support programs for Network File Systems -- tlp : Linux Advanced Power Management -- powertop : A tool to diagnose issues with power consumption and power management -- python-pip : The PyPA recommended tool for installing Python packages -- jre8-openjdk : OpenJDK Java 8 full runtime environment -- jre8-openjdk-headless : OpenJDK Java 8 headless runtime environment -- wget : Network utility to retrieve files from the Web -- gnome-keyring : Stores passwords and encryption keys - -### Arch -``` -# Filesystem Support -pacman -S mtpfs ntfs-3g gvfs-mtp gvfs-gphoto2 - -# Power Management -pacman -S tlp powertop - -# Development -pacman -S python-pip jre8-openjdk jre8-openjdk-headless wget gnome-keyring -``` - - -## xorg - -- libx11 : X11 client-side library -- xorg-xinit : X.Org initialisation program -- libxinerama : X11 Xinerama extension library -- libxft : FreeType-based font drawing library for X -- xorg-server : Xorg X server -- xorg-xrandr : Primitive command line interface to RandR extension -- xorg-xrdb : X server resource database utility -- xorg-xinput : Small commandline tool to configure devices -- xorg-xbacklight : RandR-based backlight control application -- xf86-video-intel : X.org Intel i810/i830/i915/945G/G965+ video drivers -- xclip : Command line interface to the X11 clipboard - -### Arch -``` -pacman -S libx11 xorg-xinit libxinerama libxft xorg-server xorg-xrandr xorg-xrdb xorg-xinput xorg-xbacklight xclip - -pacman -S xf86-video-intel - -yay -S libxft-bgra-git -``` - -### Gentoo -``` -emerge x11-libs/libX11 x11-base/xorg-server x11-libs/libXrandr x11-libs/libXinerama x11-libs/libXft x11-apps/xinit x11-apps/xrdb x11-apps/mesa-progs x11-apps/xrandr x11-misc/unclutter x11-misc/xclip -``` - -## Basic - -- picom : X compositor that may fix tearing issues -- unclutter : A small program for hiding the mouse cursor -- os-prober : Utility to detect other OSes on a set of drives -- man-db : A utility for reading man pages -- bash-completion : Programmable completion for the bash shell -- zsh-completions : Additional completion definitions for Zsh -- zip,unzip,tar,bzip2,atool,unrar : Compression utils - -### Arch -``` -pacman -S picom unclutter os-prober man-db bash-completion zsh-completions -pacman -S atool zip unzip tar bzip2 gzip lzip unrar -``` - -## Fonts - -- noto-fonts : Google Noto TTF fonts -- noto-fonts-cjk : Google Noto CJK fonts -- ttf-joypixels : Emoji as a Service (formerly EmojiOne) - -### Arch -`pacman -S noto-fonts ttf-joypixels` - -## Music - -- alsa-utils : Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - Utilities -- pulseaudio : A featureful, general-purpose sound server -- pamixer : Pulseaudio command-line mixer like amixer -- pulsemixer : CLI and curses mixer for pulseaudio -- mpd : Flexible, powerful, server-side application for playing music -- mpc : Minimalist command line interface to MPD -- ncmpcpp : terminal music player -- mpv : video player - -### Arch -``` -pacman -S alsa-utils pulseaudio pamixer pulsemixer - -pacman -S alsa-utils pipewire pipewire-alsa pipewire-pulse pulsemixer pamixer - -pacman -S mpd mpc ncmpcpp mpv -``` - -## Shell - -- dash : POSIX compliant shell that aims to be as small as possible -- dashbinsh : redirects sh to dash (aur package) -- zsh : advanced and programmable shell - -## General - -- fd : find replacement in rust -- ripgrep : grep replacement in rust -- fzf : fuzzy finder -- htop : system manager -- nitrogen : wallpaper manager -- ranger : Vim-like file fanager -- pcmanfm : File manager -- neomutt : email client -- dunst : notification demon -- libnotify : notification client -- xarchiver : GTK+ frontend to command line archivers -- xterm : default terminal for various program -- evince : document viewer -- sxiv : image viewer -- ueberzug : image previewer -- maim : Utility to take a screenshot using imlib2 -- neovim : text editor -- brave-bin : internet browser -- gparted : A Partition Magic clone, frontend to GNU Parted - -### Arch -``` -pacman -S fd ripgrep fzf htop nitrogen ranger pcmanfm dunst libnotify xarchiver xterm evince sxiv ueberzug maim -yay -S neovim-nightly-bin brave-bin -``` - -## Nvidia - -- nvidia-lts -- nvidia-utils -- nvidia-settings -- nvidia-prime -- optimus-manager (yay) - -### Arch -``` -# For linux lts kernel -pacman -S nvidia-lts nvidia-utils nvidia-settings nvidia-prime - -# For latest linux kernel -pacman -S nvidia nvidia-utils nvidia-settings nvidia-prime -``` - -## Virtual Box - -- virtualbox -- virtualbox-host-dkms (for lts and other kernels) -- virtualbox-host-modules-arch (for latest linux kernels) - -### Arch -``` -# For linux lts kernel -pacman -S virtualbox virtualbox-host-dkms linux-lts-headers - -# For latest linux kernel -pacman -S virtualbox virtualbox-host-modules-arch linux-headers - -# Add user into `vboxusers` group, here user is `rishav` -gpasswd -a rishav vboxusers - -# load the `vboxdrv` module manually -modprobe vboxdrv -``` - -> Note: If you are on `linux` kernel then make sure you have `linux-headers` installed. Similarly if you are on `linux-lts` kernel then `linux-ltx-headers` should be installed. - -## QEMU - -- qemu : A generic and open source machine emulator and virtualizer -- vert-manager : Desktop user interface for managing virtual machines - -``` -pacman -S qemu virt-manager dnsmasq ebtables -``` - -## Fun - -- figlet : A program for making large letters out of ordinary text -- cmatrix : A curses-based scrolling 'Matrix'-like screen -- neofetch : A CLI system information tool - -### Arch -``` -pacman -S figlet cmatrix neofetch -``` - -## Latex - -- texlive-core : TeX Live core distribution -- texlive-latexextra : Large collection of add-on packages for LaTeX -- texlive-science : Typesetting for mathematics, natural and computer sciences -- texlive-publishers : LaTeX classes and packages for specific publishers -- texlive-formatsextra : Collection of extra TeX 'formats' -- pandoc : Conversion between markup formats - -## Development - -- redis : An in-memory database that persists on disk - -``` -pacman -S redis -``` - -- postgresql : Sophisticated object-relational DBMS ([link](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/PostgreSQL)) - -``` -pacman -S postgresql -sudo -iu postgres # login as postgres user -initdb --locale=en_US.UTF-8 -E UTF8 -D /var/lib/postgres/data - -# start the service -systemctl enable --now postgresql.service -``` - -## Bluetooth - -- bluez - Daemons for the bluetooth protocol stack -- bluez-utils - Development and debugging utilities - -## Random - -xdotools -tesseract - OCR -tesseract-data-eng diff --git a/content/posts/rich_dad_poor_dad.md b/content/posts/rich_dad_poor_dad.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5b701ec..0000000 --- a/content/posts/rich_dad_poor_dad.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -# Rich Dad Poor Dad Summary - -Author: Robert Kiyosaki -Date: 2-10-2021 - -## Introduction - -For example, one dad would say, "The love of money is the root of all evil." -The other, β€œThe lack of money is the root of all evil.” - -Money is not taught in schools. Schools focus on scholastic and professional -skills, but not on financial skills. This explains how smart bankers, doctors -and accountants who earned excellent grades in school may still struggle -financially all of their lives. Our staggering national debt is due in large -part to highly educated politicians and government officials making financial -decisions with little or no training on the subject of money. - -One dad had a habit of saying, "I can't afford it." The other used to say, "How -can I afford it?" One is a statement, and the other is a question. One lets you -off the hook and was a sign of mental laziness, and the other forces you to -think. - -One dad recommended, "Study hard so you can find a good company to work for." -The other recommended, "Study hard so you can find a good company to buy." -One encouraged talking about money and business at the dinner table. -The other forbade the subject of money to be discussed over a meal. - -One believed, "Our home is our largest investment and our greatest asset." The -other believed, "My house is a liability, and if your house is your largest -investment, you're in trouble." - -One dad believed in a company or the government taking care of you and your -needs. He was always concerned about pay raises, retirement plans, medical -benefits, sick leave, vacation days and other perks. He would often say, "I've -worked hard for the government, and I'm entitled to these benefits." - -> I noticed that people really do shape their life through their thoughts. - -I noticed that my poor dad was poor not because of the amount of money he -earned, which was significant, but because of his thoughts and actions. - -> β€œI don't work for money!, Money works for me!” - -Money is one form of power. But what is more powerful is financial education. -Money comes and goes, but if you have the education about how money works, you -gain power over it and can begin building wealth. The reason positive thinking -alone does not work is because most people went to school and never learned how -money works, so they spend their lives working for money. - -## Lesson 1: The Rich Don't Work For Money - -"If you learn life's lessons, you will do well. If not, life will just continue -to push you around. People do two things. Some just let life push them around. -Others get angry and push back. But they push back against their boss, or their -job, or their husband or wife. They do not know it's life that's pushing." - -"Life pushes all of us around. Some give up. Others fight. A few learn the -lesson and move on. They welcome life pushing them around. To these few -people, it means they need and want to learn something. They learn and move on. -Most quit, and a few like you fight." - -"If you think I'm the problem, then you have to change me. If you realize that -you're the problem, then you can change yourself, learn something and grow -wiser." - -"The poor and the middle class work for money." "The rich have money work for them." - -You see, true learning takes energy, passion, a burning desire. Anger is a big -part of that formula, for passion is anger and love combined. When it comes to -money, most people want to play it safe and feel secure. So passion does not -direct them: Fear does. -When it comes to money, most people want to play it safe and feel secure. So -passion does not direct them: **Fear** does. diff --git a/content/posts/technical_analysis.md b/content/posts/technical_analysis.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4392575..0000000 --- a/content/posts/technical_analysis.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,394 +0,0 @@ -+++ -date = '2024-11-10T16:38:39+05:30' -draft = true -title = 'Technical Analysis' -tags = ['Finance', 'Tech'] -+++ - -## Analyzing the past - -- It is a well established fact that stock prices show cyclical movements, similar to a business. -- It is a process of identifying trends & trend reversals at an earlier stage to formulate buy-sell strategy. -- A good technical Analyst always considers facts. He stays away from emotions like greed & panic while taking his decision - -## Know Yourself - -- Intraday Trader - Closes the trade within a day. -- Short Term Investor - Closes a trade in 2 days to 3 months. -- Medium Term Investor - Closes a trade in 3 months to 1 year. -- Long Term Investor - Closes a trade after 1 year. - -## Trends - -- The meaning of trend in finance isn't all that different from the general definition of the term - a trend is really nothing more than the general direction. -- We do see trends even while watching IPL matches! - -### Uptrends - -![uptrend](/images/technical_analysis/uptrend.jpg) - -- It is a collection of moves and down moves. -- Uptrend is evidenced by creation of higher highs and higher lows. - -### Downtrends - -![downtrend](/images/technical_analysis/downtrend.jpg) - -- It is a collection of Down moves and Up moves. -- Downtrend is evidenced by creation of Lower highs and Lower lows. -- Thumb rule: NEVER BUY IN AN DOWNTREND! - -### Sideways trend - -![sideways_trend](/images/technical_analysis/sideways_trend.jpg) - -- Downtrend is evidenced by prices moving within a range. -- Thumb rule: NEVER TRADE IN AN SIDEWAYS TREND! WAIT AND WATCH FOR THE DIRECTION OF BREAKOUT! -- Special Tip: Call option can be sold in sideways trend as time value is going down! - -## Charts - -Charts and patterns are integral part of technical analysis - -### Line chart - -![line_chart](/images/technical_analysis/line_chart.jpg) - -- It is a most basic of all charts -- Just like line that connects the closing price over a time frame -- There is no trading range - -### Bar charts - -![bar_chart](/images/technical_analysis/bar_chart.jpg) - -- Left line represents opening price -- Right line represents closing price -- Red = down -- Blue/Green = up - -### Volume Bar chart - -![volume_bar_chart](/images/technical_analysis/volume_bar_chart.jpg) - -- Number of shares that change hands between sellers and buyers -- Price movement is more sinificant when volume is above average - -### Candlestick chart - -![candlestick_chart](/images/technical_analysis/candlestick_chart.jpg) - -- Vertical line represents the trading range -- Green/White Chadlestick = Bullish -- Red/Black Candlestick = Bearish - -## Plotting trend lines - -Visually, a trend can be understood. However, if we plot a trend line, then, it can help us for further analysis. - -Things to be kept in mind while drawing a trend line are: -- Ensre that the trend line at least touches 2 points(Higher the better) -- Wicks can be joined by the trend line. -- Note: Wicks can be cut by the trend line. However the body **should not** be cut by the trend line. - - -## Support and Resistance - -![support](/images/technical_analysis/support.jpg) - -- Support level is a price level where the price trends to find support as it is going down - -- Resistance level is a price where the price trends to find resistance as it is going up - -### Importance - -- Support and resistance analysis is an important part of trends because it can be used to make trading decisions and identify when a trend is reversing. -- A resistance once broken becomes a support and a support once broken becomes a resistance. - - -## Breakout - -- The penetration of support and resistance level is called breakout - -![breakout](/images/technical_analysis/breakout.jpg) - -## Volumes - -- Volumes provide us with the intensity of a given price move(very **important** element of technical analysis) -- If current day's volume is higher than imidiate five previous volume bars, its a good confirmation on volumes. - - -## Candlestick bullish patterns - -### Bullish Engulfing - -![bullish_engulfing](/images/technical_analysis/bullish_engulfing.jpg) - -- In this case, the second candle's body (a bullish one) completely engulfs the previous day's candle. Both the tail or the wick of the caldle of first bar are covered by the second one. -- Such patterns are powerful if they are formed at the bottom of the correction in a bullish move or near the bottom of a bear move. Such patterns are also seen at the end of a consolidation. - -### Morning Star - -![morning_evening_star](/images/technical_analysis/morning_evening_star.jpg) - -- A Morning star is a bullish three candle pattern which is formed at the bottom of a down move/trend. -- The first candle = a big bearish candle which clearly defines the down move. -- The second candle = a small candle, which is ideally a Doji candle(indecisive). -- The third candle = a large bullish candle which closes near the top of the day. -- The pattern signifies extreme selling as witnessed in the first candle, followed by a change of power as shown in the second candle and finally the bulls taking over the and regaining lost ground. - -### Hammer - -- The Hammer formation is created when the open, high, and close are roughly the same price. Also, there is a long lower shadow, twice the length as the real body. -- Hammer is MOST EFFECTIVE if it occurs at "Bottom of the downward trend" -- It is considered as a Bullish Reversal Pattern. -- Confirmation of the reversal is to be taken before taking any position. -- The color of the real body is not important. - -### Inverted Hammer: - -- The long shadow is about two or three times of the real body. -- Little or no lower shadow. -- The color of the real body is not important. - -> Note: Hammer/Inverted Hammer formed at the end of down trend with a bullish candle are a bit powerful as compared to bearish candles - - -## Candlestick bearish patterns - -### Bearish Engulfing - -![bearish_engulfing](./images/technical_analysis/bearish_engulfing.jpg) - -- In this case, the second candle's body (a bearish one) completely engulfs the previous day's candle. Both the tail or the wick of the caldle of first bar are covered by the second one. -- It is more powerful if they are formed at the top of a up trend/move. - -### Evening Star - -- It is formed when a green candle is followed by a doji candle which is then folliwed by a big bearish candle -- This will be most powerful when it is formed at the end of uptrend - -### Similar but Different - -![hammer_hanging_man](./images/technical_analysis/hammer_hanging_man.jpg) -![inverted_hammer_shooting_star](./images/technical_analysis/inverted_hammer_shooting_star.jpg) - - -## Indicators - -- A mathematical tool that can be applied on security's price giving a result that can be used to anticipate trends, volatility and price. -- One of the most commonly used indicator is a Moving Average indicator. - -### Moving Average - -- A simple moving average is calculated by taking average of most recent closing prices of n time period. -- Exponential Moving average applies weighting factors which decrease exponentially. - -- 5 days moving average is like analyzing 1 week's data -- 13 days moving average is like analyzing 1 fortnight's data -- 26 days moving average is like analyzing 1 month's data -- In majority cases, the 5days Moving Average line is close to the CMP - -### Stratergy - Buy - -- When 5 DEMA cuts the 13 DEMA from below, its an anticipatory buy. -- When 5 DEMA cuts the 26 DEMA from below, its an confirmatory buy. -- The buy call is strengthened if the volumes are also in the same direction. -- If 5 DEMA cuts 13 DEMA and 26 DEMA on the same day with increased volumes, it's a confirmatory buy. - -> Note: Instead of the word below if we use the word above it will be sell stratergy - -Moving average is an effective indecator, however it is treated as lagging indecator i.e. it generates delayed buy/sell calls - - -## MACD(Moving Averages Convergence Divergence) - -![MACD](./images/technical_analysis/MACD.jpg) - -- MACD is calculated by subtracting 26 days moving average from moving average of 12 days -- I.e. MACD = 12 DEMA - 26 DEMA -- We get various amounts by subtracting the EMAs. MACD line is formed by joining all these dots. -- MACD > 0 --> strength -- MACD < 0 --> weakness -- When the MACD is above 0, it means that 12 days moving average is higher than the 26 days moving average -- This is bullish since current trend is more bullish as compared to a medium term trend. -- Ideally we see weakness first and then price falls -- Similarly, we see strength first and then price rises - -- Signal line is 9 DEMA of MACD - -- MACD Line β€” Blue line (Fast line) -- Signal Line β€” Orange line (Slow line) -- Histogram β€” Bars (Indicates the difference between MACD line and Signal Line) - -### Statergy - -- If MACD line cuts the signal line from above = **SELL** -- If MACD line cuts the signal line from below = **Buy** - - -## RSI(Relative Strength Index) - -![RSI](./images/technical_analysis/RSI.jpg) - -- The relative strength index (RSI) is a momentum indicator that measures the magnitude of recent price changes. -- RS1 is an oscillator ie it moves to and fro within a range. The range is from 0 to 100. -- The indicator was originally developed by J. Welles Wilder Jr. and introduced in his seminal 1978 book, New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems. -- It evaluates overbought or oversold conditions in the price of a stock or other assets. - - ``` - RSI = 100 - 100/(1+RS) - - RS = Average Gain over specified Period / Average Loss over the same period - ``` -- Generally RSI is calculated for 14 days -- RSI will rise as the number and size of positive closes increase, and it will fall as the number and size of losses increases - -### Statergy - -#### Traditional - -- RSI < 30 indicates an oversold position (Buy Signal) -- RSI > 70 indicates an overbought position (Sell Signal) - -However, if the security/ overall market is very bullish, it may remain in the overbought position for a long period of time. In such a situation, 80 can be taken as an overbought signal. - -Similarly, if the security/ overall market is very bearish, it may remain in the oversold position for a long period of time. In such a situation, 20 can be taken as an oversold signal. - -#### The new way - -- RSI > 60 = Uptrend continues = **BUY** -- RSI taking support at 60 = Bullish -- RSI < 40 = Downtrend = Stop Loss or **SELL** -- RSI facing resistance at 40 = Bearish -- RSI between 40 & 60 is sideways trend - -> Ideally take 8 to 10 months data - -#### Statergy for MACD + RSI - -- Target price should be around 3-5% returns in timespan of maximum 10 days (swing) -- StopLoss will be equal to median of the breakout trend (`opening+closing / 2`) -- When there is: - - MACD bullish crossower - - RSI is above 60 - - -## Bollinger Bands - -![bollinger_bands](./images/technical_analysis/bollinger_bands.jpg) - -- 20 DEMA line acts as basic support if current price is above 20 DEMA -- Upper Bollinger band which stands at 2 standard deviations will act like resistance in 95% cases -- Lower BB which stands at 2 std will act as support in 95% cases -- BB Squeeze: If the squeeze is for longer duration and if the current candle breakes the upper bb then it is a **BUY** call - > Higher squeeze the better (min 1 month) -- StopLoss will be determind in the same way and trailing stoploss will be privious day's candle's low - - -## Fibonacci Retracement - -![fibonacci_retracement](./images/technical_analysis/fibonacci_retracement.jpg) - -- This theory is based upon the Fibonacci number sequence. Fibonacci numbers are such that they tend to repeat themselves in nature. These numbers were used to determine breeding cycles of rabbits and are now being used in architecture, art and trading. From petals of flowers to prices of stocks everything is said to be in this pattern. -- The number series starts with 0,1 and then the next numbers are derived by adding the previous two number and goes like 1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,233, .... -- Heard about the GOLDEN RATIO? Yes, that's another creation of the Fibonacci number sequence it is the succeeding number divided by the preceding number eg: - 233/144= 1.6180. -- As far as technical analysis is concerned we have to look out for the % patterns that these numbers follow which is given below. - - 21/89= 0.2360 (23.60%) - - 34/89= 0.3820 (38.20%) - - 55/89= 0.6120 (61.20%) -- In stock market Golden Ratio can be used for the level from which stock can retrace - -### How to draw fibonachi - -- In an uptrend join the lowest point on the screen to the highest point on the screen(same for downtred) -- Take around 9 months data for better results -> Research some more - - -## Bullish Chart Pattern - -### Up Flag - -![up_flag](./images/technical_analysis/up_flag.jpg) - -- It is seen by - - Up move - - Sideways trend(cloth of the flag) - - Close above resistance - - If it is accompined by increase in volume, it is better -- Calculstion o price target: -- Calculate the distance from start of the pole(upmove) till the resistance(upper part of flag) -- Assume this distance as `x`, then price target will be `x + support(lower cloth of flag)` -- Time target = Number of candles from candle to breakout candle divided by 3 - -### Inverted Head and Shoulder - -![inverse_head_shoulder](./images/technical_analysis/inverse_head_shoulder.jpg) - -- Close is above neckline -- Increased volumes on Breakout candle -- X = Vertical distance frorn Low of Head to Neckline -- Price Target = Intersection point of the neckline and Breakout candle + X -- Time Target = Number of candles from /1st Neck Point to Breakout candle divided by 3. - -### Double bottom (W) - -![double_bottom](./images/technical_analysis/double_bottom.jpg) - -- Equal bottoms from the same downtrend -- White candle with increased volumes after 2nd bottom -- X = Vertical distance from double bottom level to highest point between 2 bottoms -- Target = Bottom Level + (X/2) -- Time = No. of candles from 1st bottom to white candle, divided by 3 - -### Rounding Bottom - -![rounding_bottom](./images/technical_analysis/rounding_bottom.jpg) - -- Criteria: -- Historically highly priced -- Sharp fall -- Consolidation for minimum 2 years -- Breakout above the resistance from consolidation -- This is a MULTI BAGGER Pattern -- The study is to be done only on a monthly chart. - -- Price Target = Historic high, expected to be achived within 1 year -- 2nd Price Target = 5 times of the breakout level, expected to be achived in 2 years from the breakout - -### Listing Breakout - -- Market euphoria at the time of listing -- Price begins to consolidate after which it makes a new high -- Price is overvalued & thus drifts downwards for next 2 years. Price will justify the business valuations and will trade at this level for the next 8 to 10 months. -- As the business improves, the price will start moving upwards -- Price will reach an all time high level. -- Breakout above the old resistance. - - -## Bearish Chart Pattern - -### Head and Shoulders - -- This formation is characterized by 2 small peaks on either side of a larger peak -- Close is below neckline -- Increased volumes on Breakout candle -- X = Vertical distance from High of Head to Neckline -- Price Target = Intersection point of the neckline and Breakout candle β€” X -- Time Target = Number of candles from 1st Neck Point to Breakout candle divided by 3. - -### Double Top - -- Similar to H&S with no head -- Equal bottoms from the same uptrend -- Black candle with increased volumes after 2nd top -- X = Vertical distance from double top level to the lowest point between 2 tops -- Target = Double Top Level - (X/2) -- Time = No. of candles from 1st top to black candle, divided by 3 - - - - - - diff --git a/content/posts/understanding_farmers.md b/content/posts/understanding_farmers.md deleted file mode 100644 index f8bbf67..0000000 --- a/content/posts/understanding_farmers.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,121 +0,0 @@ -# Understanding Farmers - -### Job profile of a farmer -A Farmer is the CEO, COO, CFO, Sales manager, Investment manager of a propritary fariming firm. -It will directly effect his income if he is not good in even one of the fields - ------------------------ - -### Before the cropping season: -What to sow, when to sow, credit availability, plan for inputs, land preparation, soil nutrient status - -- Farmers has to have the access to the data that howmuch has it rained, moisture level in soil. -- When to sow based on forcasting -- Svaings, loans --> moneylenders -- Seed varity and quality, selection from number of options, authenticity of seeds -- Land preparation, machinery and labours, funds for that -- Gap filling for requirements of soil for a crop, suppliments, fertilizers, NPK (should be made easy to understand) - -### During the cropping season: -- choose appropriate agriculture technology -- monitor the progress of crop -- observe anomalies and take action, monitor weather -- labour/machinery management for sowing and intercultural operations -- water management -- weed/pests/ wild animals management -- respond to climate contingencies -- in case of damege file claim for insurance - -### After the cropping season: -- Harvesting based on weather conditions, checking if crop is actually ready -- labour management -- primary processing, storage -- market assessment, where and when to sell -- grading/sorting/packing/transportation -- value addition, negotiation for better prices -- realization of prices -- repayments(loans, etc.) -- surplus investment planning(future planning) - -### During the lean season: -Remaining 6 to 7 months: -Migration, ancillary works, MGNAREGA -Repeats it season after season and year after year - -## Skills required -- Financial planning -- Resource planning -- Keep himself updated about relevant Information -- Decide about technology to be adopted -- Logistics and processing -- Market survey, sales, negotiation -- Manage risks - -## New developments and opportunities - -- Public investments on the farm: protected cultivation, micro-irrigation systems, diversification, high-value crops -- Investments in creating water infrastructure -- Storage and post-harvest facilities and access to technologies -- Power of collectives: Farmer Producer Organizations, Women Self-Help Groups -- Targeted subsidies: JAM, DBT -- Risk cover (MSP, Crop insurance, accidental and medical insurance) -- Services through platforms: - - e-NAM, direct marketing - - custom hiring centres - - NBFCs - - mobile apps - - start-ups - - availability of remorse sensing images - - data marketplace - - ----------------------------- - -## TODO - -Go to KVK, ICAR - - -## Think - -Lets think of an ideal way first (Imagination) -Think of the problems to impliment it in reality -Try to solve this problem -Test the solution -Loop through - -## Solutions without problems - -### Vertical farming technology(Hydroponics, Aeroponics) -- Popular in urban areas -- Use artificial lights to replace sunlight -- Around 70% less water - -### Farm mechanization and automation technologies -- Use of Drones, Autonomous tractors, other bots -- Use of various sensors -- Automated seeding, weeding -- Focuses on labour sortage and efficency problems - -### Lifestock farming technology -- Monitor health and their activities -- Wearable sensors - -### Greenhouse technology - -### Precision agriculture -- Controls every variables like moisture, pest, stress, soil condition, micro climates -- More accurate - -### Blockchain technology - -### AI - -### Drone as Bees -- Pollinators -- Crop harvesting, areal photography for data collection - -### Simple Products - -- Automated insects traps -- Deselenization using solar for fresh water needs in hydroponics diff --git a/content/posts/xfiles.md b/content/posts/xfiles.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6a50763..0000000 --- a/content/posts/xfiles.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -## .xinitrc -The ~/.xinitrc file is a shell script read by xinit and by its front-end -startx. It is mainly used to execute desktop environments, window managers and -other programs when starting the X server (e.g., starting daemons and setting -environment variables). - -## .xprofiles -An xprofile file, ~/.xprofile and /etc/xprofile, allows you to execute commands -at the beginning of the X user session - before the window manager is started. - -## .Xresources -Xresources is a user-level configuration dotfile, typically located at -~/.Xresources. It can be used to set X resources, which are configuration -parameters for X client applications. (xrdb ~/.Xresources) - -## .profile -Runs on each login diff --git a/archetypes/default.md b/hugo_root/archetypes/default.md similarity index 100% rename from archetypes/default.md rename to hugo_root/archetypes/default.md diff --git a/content/archive.md b/hugo_root/content/archives.md similarity index 100% rename from content/archive.md rename to hugo_root/content/archives.md diff --git a/content/search.md b/hugo_root/content/search.md similarity index 100% rename from content/search.md rename to hugo_root/content/search.md diff --git a/hugo.toml b/hugo_root/hugo.toml similarity index 100% rename from hugo.toml rename to hugo_root/hugo.toml diff --git a/static/android-chrome-192x192.png b/hugo_root/static/android-chrome-192x192.png similarity index 100% rename from static/android-chrome-192x192.png rename to hugo_root/static/android-chrome-192x192.png diff --git a/static/android-chrome-512x512.png b/hugo_root/static/android-chrome-512x512.png similarity index 100% rename from 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