diff --git a/db/model/Gdoc/GdocBase.ts b/db/model/Gdoc/GdocBase.ts
index a2a4f594590..421ca0cb12c 100644
--- a/db/model/Gdoc/GdocBase.ts
+++ b/db/model/Gdoc/GdocBase.ts
@@ -96,6 +96,9 @@ export class GdocBase extends BaseEntity implements OwidGdocBaseInterface {
                         if ("filename" in item && item.filename) {
                             filenames.add(item.filename)
                         }
+                        if (item.type === "image" && item.smallFilename) {
+                            filenames.add(item.smallFilename)
+                        }
                         if (item.type === "prominent-link" && item.thumbnail) {
                             filenames.add(item.thumbnail)
                         }
diff --git a/db/model/Gdoc/rawToEnriched.ts b/db/model/Gdoc/rawToEnriched.ts
index efdd29084aa..bd497e098bd 100644
--- a/db/model/Gdoc/rawToEnriched.ts
+++ b/db/model/Gdoc/rawToEnriched.ts
@@ -601,6 +601,7 @@ const parseImage = (image: RawBlockImage): EnrichedBlockImage => {
     return {
         type: "image",
         filename,
+        smallFilename: image.value.smallFilename,
         alt: image.value.alt,
         caption,
         size,
diff --git a/packages/@ourworldindata/components/src/styles/variables.scss b/packages/@ourworldindata/components/src/styles/variables.scss
index f50a8047957..0afb4c6a0a1 100644
--- a/packages/@ourworldindata/components/src/styles/variables.scss
+++ b/packages/@ourworldindata/components/src/styles/variables.scss
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ $vertical-spacing: 16px;
 :root {
     --grid-gap: 24px;
 
-    @media (max-width: 798px) {
+    @media (max-width: 768px) {
         --grid-gap: 16px;
     }
 }
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ $search-cta-height: 40px;
 * Breakpoints
 */
 
-// Calculations in Image.tsx rely on these variables. Please change them there if you change them here.
+// Calculations in Image.tsx and image.ts rely on these variables. Please change them there if you change them here.
 $sm: 768px;
 $md: 960px;
 $lg: 1280px;
diff --git a/packages/@ourworldindata/utils/src/image.ts b/packages/@ourworldindata/utils/src/image.ts
index dabbc099895..3cb628f8879 100644
--- a/packages/@ourworldindata/utils/src/image.ts
+++ b/packages/@ourworldindata/utils/src/image.ts
@@ -62,3 +62,34 @@ export function getFilenameWithoutExtension(
 export function getFilenameAsPng(filename: ImageMetadata["filename"]): string {
     return `${getFilenameWithoutExtension(filename)}.png`
 }
+
+export type SourceProps = {
+    media: string | undefined
+    srcSet: string
+}
+
+/**
+ * When we have a small and large image, we want to generate two <source> elements.
+ * The first will only be active at small screen sizes, due to its `media` property.
+ * The second will be active at all screen sizes.
+ * These props work in conjuction with a `sizes` attribute on the <source> element.
+ */
+export function generateSourceProps(
+    smallImage: ImageMetadata | undefined,
+    regularImage: ImageMetadata
+): SourceProps[] {
+    const props: SourceProps[] = []
+    if (smallImage) {
+        const smallSizes = getSizes(smallImage.originalWidth)
+        props.push({
+            media: "(max-width: 768px)",
+            srcSet: generateSrcSet(smallSizes, smallImage.filename),
+        })
+    }
+    const regularSizes = getSizes(regularImage.originalWidth)
+    props.push({
+        media: undefined,
+        srcSet: generateSrcSet(regularSizes, regularImage.filename),
+    })
+    return props
+}
diff --git a/packages/@ourworldindata/utils/src/index.ts b/packages/@ourworldindata/utils/src/index.ts
index c1cc3db56ed..d212ebbdd8f 100644
--- a/packages/@ourworldindata/utils/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/@ourworldindata/utils/src/index.ts
@@ -624,6 +624,8 @@ export {
     getFilenameAsPng,
     type GDriveImageMetadata,
     type ImageMetadata,
+    type SourceProps,
+    generateSourceProps,
 } from "./image.js"
 
 export { Tippy, TippyIfInteractive } from "./Tippy.js"
diff --git a/packages/@ourworldindata/utils/src/owidTypes.ts b/packages/@ourworldindata/utils/src/owidTypes.ts
index 2f0f305b642..481b0272e7a 100644
--- a/packages/@ourworldindata/utils/src/owidTypes.ts
+++ b/packages/@ourworldindata/utils/src/owidTypes.ts
@@ -706,6 +706,7 @@ export type RawBlockImage = {
     type: "image"
     value: {
         filename?: string
+        smallFilename?: string
         alt?: string
         caption?: string
         size?: BlockImageSize
@@ -715,6 +716,7 @@ export type RawBlockImage = {
 export type EnrichedBlockImage = {
     type: "image"
     filename: string
+    smallFilename?: string
     alt?: string // optional as we can use the default alt from the file
     caption?: Span[]
     originalWidth?: number
diff --git a/site/Lightbox.tsx b/site/Lightbox.tsx
index 3530a94a2b1..8ad77ba353d 100644
--- a/site/Lightbox.tsx
+++ b/site/Lightbox.tsx
@@ -15,6 +15,27 @@ import { useTriggerOnEscape } from "./hooks.js"
 
 export const LIGHTBOX_IMAGE_CLASS = "lightbox-image"
 
+/**
+ * If the image is inside a <picture> element, get the URL of the largest
+ * source image that matches the current viewport size.
+ */
+function getActiveSourceImgUrl(img: HTMLImageElement): string | undefined {
+    if (img.closest("picture")) {
+        const sources = img.closest("picture")!.querySelectorAll("source")
+        const activeSource = Array.from(sources).find((s) =>
+            s.media ? window.matchMedia(s.media).matches : true
+        )
+        const sourceSrcset = activeSource?.getAttribute("srcset")
+        // split sourceSrcset into [src, width] pairs
+        const srcsetPairs = sourceSrcset
+            ?.split(",")
+            .map((pair) => pair.trim().split(" "))
+        const largestImgSrc = srcsetPairs?.at(-1)?.[0]
+        return largestImgSrc
+    }
+    return undefined
+}
+
 const Lightbox = ({
     children,
     containerNode,
@@ -145,9 +166,17 @@ export const runLightbox = () => {
 
         img.classList.add("lightbox-enabled")
         img.addEventListener("click", () => {
-            // getAttribute doesn't automatically URI encode values, img.src does
+            // An attribute placed by our WP image formatter: the URL of the original image without any WxH suffix
             const highResSrc = img.getAttribute("data-high-res-src")
-            const imgSrc = highResSrc ? encodeURI(highResSrc) : img.src
+            // If the image is a Gdoc Image with a smallFilename, get the source that is currently active
+            const activeSourceImgUrl = getActiveSourceImgUrl(img)
+            const imgSrc = highResSrc
+                ? // getAttribute doesn't automatically URI encode values, img.src does
+                  encodeURI(highResSrc)
+                : activeSourceImgUrl
+                ? activeSourceImgUrl
+                : img.src
+
             const imgAlt = img.alt
             if (imgSrc) {
                 ReactDOM.render(
diff --git a/site/gdocs/ArticleBlock.tsx b/site/gdocs/ArticleBlock.tsx
index e5463c685e9..72b239b7360 100644
--- a/site/gdocs/ArticleBlock.tsx
+++ b/site/gdocs/ArticleBlock.tsx
@@ -228,6 +228,7 @@ export default function ArticleBlock({
             >
                 <Image
                     filename={block.filename}
+                    smallFilename={block.smallFilename}
                     alt={block.alt}
                     containerType={containerType}
                 />
diff --git a/site/gdocs/Image.tsx b/site/gdocs/Image.tsx
index 814821a5da2..5b1ff1da863 100644
--- a/site/gdocs/Image.tsx
+++ b/site/gdocs/Image.tsx
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 import React, { useContext } from "react"
 import {
-    getSizes,
-    generateSrcSet,
     getFilenameWithoutExtension,
     IMAGES_DIRECTORY,
+    generateSourceProps,
+    ImageMetadata,
 } from "@ourworldindata/utils"
 import { LIGHTBOX_IMAGE_CLASS } from "../Lightbox.js"
-import cx from "classnames"
 import {
     IMAGE_HOSTING_BUCKET_SUBFOLDER_PATH,
     IMAGE_HOSTING_CDN_URL,
@@ -27,11 +26,12 @@ const generateResponsiveSizes = (numberOfColumns: number): string =>
 const gridSpan5 = generateResponsiveSizes(5)
 const gridSpan6 = generateResponsiveSizes(6)
 const gridSpan7 = generateResponsiveSizes(7)
+const gridSpan8 = generateResponsiveSizes(8)
 
 type ImageParentContainer = Container | "thumbnail" | "full-width"
 
 const containerSizes: Record<ImageParentContainer, string> = {
-    ["default"]: gridSpan6,
+    ["default"]: gridSpan8,
     ["sticky-right-left-column"]: gridSpan5,
     ["sticky-right-right-column"]: gridSpan7,
     ["sticky-left-left-column"]: gridSpan7,
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ const containerSizes: Record<ImageParentContainer, string> = {
 
 export default function Image(props: {
     filename: string
+    smallFilename?: string
     alt?: string
     className?: string
     containerType?: ImageParentContainer
@@ -53,26 +54,35 @@ export default function Image(props: {
 }) {
     const {
         filename,
+        smallFilename,
         className = "",
         containerType = "default",
         shouldLightbox = true,
     } = props
     const { isPreviewing } = useContext(DocumentContext)
     const image = useImage(filename)
+    const smallImage = useImage(smallFilename)
+    const renderImageError = (name: string) => (
+        <BlockErrorFallback
+            className={className}
+            error={{
+                name: "Image error",
+                message: `Image with filename "${name}" not found. This block will not render when the page is baked.`,
+            }}
+        />
+    )
+
     if (!image) {
         if (isPreviewing) {
-            return (
-                <BlockErrorFallback
-                    className={className}
-                    error={{
-                        name: "Image error",
-                        message: `Image with filename "${filename}" not found. This block will not render when the page is baked.`,
-                    }}
-                />
-            )
+            return renderImageError(filename)
         }
+        // Don't render anything if we're not previewing (i.e. a bake) and the image is not found
         return null
     }
+    // Here we can fall back to the regular image filename, so don't return null if not found
+    if (isPreviewing && smallFilename && !smallImage) {
+        return renderImageError(smallFilename)
+    }
 
     const alt = props.alt ?? image.defaultAlt
     const maybeLightboxClassName =
@@ -81,13 +91,36 @@ export default function Image(props: {
             : LIGHTBOX_IMAGE_CLASS
 
     if (isPreviewing) {
-        const previewSrc = `${IMAGE_HOSTING_CDN_URL}/${IMAGE_HOSTING_BUCKET_SUBFOLDER_PATH}/${filename}`
+        const makePreviewUrl = (f: string) =>
+            encodeURI(
+                `${IMAGE_HOSTING_CDN_URL}/${IMAGE_HOSTING_BUCKET_SUBFOLDER_PATH}/${f}`
+            )
+
+        const PreviewSource = (props: { i?: ImageMetadata; sm?: boolean }) => {
+            const { i, sm } = props
+            if (!i) return null
+
+            return (
+                <source
+                    srcSet={`${makePreviewUrl(i.filename)} ${i.originalWidth}w`}
+                    media={sm ? "(max-width: 768px)" : undefined}
+                    type="image/webp"
+                    sizes={
+                        containerSizes[containerType] ?? containerSizes.default
+                    }
+                />
+            )
+        }
         return (
-            <img
-                src={encodeURI(previewSrc)}
-                alt={alt}
-                className={cx(maybeLightboxClassName, className, "lazyload")}
-            />
+            <picture className={className}>
+                <PreviewSource i={smallImage} sm />
+                <PreviewSource i={image} />
+                <img
+                    src={makePreviewUrl(image.filename)}
+                    alt={alt}
+                    className={maybeLightboxClassName}
+                />
+            </picture>
         )
     }
 
@@ -114,17 +147,21 @@ export default function Image(props: {
         )
     }
 
-    const sizes = getSizes(image.originalWidth)
-    const srcSet = generateSrcSet(sizes, filename)
     const imageSrc = `${IMAGES_DIRECTORY}${filename}`
+    const sourceProps = generateSourceProps(smallImage, image)
 
     return (
         <picture className={className}>
-            <source
-                srcSet={srcSet}
-                type="image/webp"
-                sizes={containerSizes[containerType] ?? containerSizes.default}
-            />
+            {sourceProps.map((props, i) => (
+                <source
+                    key={i}
+                    {...props}
+                    type="image/webp"
+                    sizes={
+                        containerSizes[containerType] ?? containerSizes.default
+                    }
+                />
+            ))}
             <img
                 src={encodeURI(imageSrc)}
                 alt={alt}