312551071 lab2

lab2/bootloader/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+CC = aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
+LD = aarch64-linux-gnu-ld
+AR = aarch64-linux-gnu-ar
+OBJCOPY = aarch64-linux-gnu-objcopy
+LINKER_SCRIPT = linker.ld
+START = start
+IMG_NAME = bootloader
+BUILD = ../build
+
+CFLAGS := -fno-stack-protector -I ../include/
+
+all: $(BUILD)/$(IMG_NAME).img
+
+$(BUILD)/$(START).o: $(START).S
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $(START).S -o $(BUILD)/$(START).o
+
+OBJS := \
+	bootloader.o \
+	uart.o \
+	string.o
+
+
+OBJS := $(addprefix $(BUILD)/, $(OBJS))
+
+$(BUILD)/%.o: %.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
+$(BUILD)/$(IMG_NAME).img: $(BUILD)/$(START).o $(OBJS)
+	$(LD) $(BUILD)/$(START).o $(OBJS) -T $(LINKER_SCRIPT) -o $(BUILD)/$(IMG_NAME).elf
+	$(OBJCOPY) -O binary $(BUILD)/$(IMG_NAME).elf $(BUILD)/$(IMG_NAME).img
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(BUILD)/$(IMG_NAME).elf $(BUILD)/$(IMG_NAME).img $(BUILD)/*.o
+
+run:
+	qemu-system-aarch64 -M raspi3b -kernel $(BUILD)/$(IMG_NAME).img -serial null -serial stdio

lab2/bootloader/bootloader.c

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "uart.h"
+#include "string.h"
+
+#define MAX_BUFFER_LEN 1024
+
+void bootloader_main(void *dtb)
+{
+	char buffer[MAX_BUFFER_LEN];
+	size_t buffer_index = 0;
+	char ch;
+
+	uart_init();
+	uart_puts("Starting the shell!\r\n");
+
+	while (1) {
+		uart_puts("# ");
+		buffer_index = 0;
+		buffer[0] = '\0';
+
+		while (1) {
+			ch = uart_getc();
+			if (buffer_index + 1 >= sizeof(buffer)) {
+				uart_puts(
+					"ERROR: Exceed buffer length limit!\r\n");
+				buffer_index = 0;
+				buffer[0] = '\0';
+				break;
+			}
+			if (ch == '\n') {
+				uart_puts("\r\n");
+				buffer[buffer_index] = '\0';
+				break;
+			}
+			uart_send(ch);
+			buffer[buffer_index++] = ch;
+		}
+		// dispatch_cmd(buffer);
+
+		if (strcmp(buffer, "boot") == 0) {
+			unsigned int size = 0;
+			unsigned char *size_buffer = (unsigned char *)&size;
+
+			uart_puts("Use send_loader.py to load kernel\r\n");
+			for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+				size_buffer[i] = uart_getc();
+			uart_puts("Start receiving kernel\r\n");
+
+			char *kernel = (char *)0x80000; // load kernel in 0x80000
+			while (size--)
+				*kernel++ = uart_getc();
+
+			uart_puts("kernel loaded!\r\n");
+
+			void (*kernel_entry)(void) = (void (*)(void))0x80000;
+			kernel_entry();
+
+			return;
+		} else {
+			uart_puts("ERROR: Unrecognized command!\r\n");
+		}
+	}
+
+	// echo everything back
+	while (1) {
+		uart_send(uart_getc());
+	}
+}

lab2/bootloader/config.txt

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+kernel=bootloader.img
+arm_64bit=1
+initramfs initramfs.cpio 0x20000000

lab2/bootloader/linker.ld

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+SECTIONS
+{
+    . = 0x60000; /*start loading from 0x60000*/
+
+    .text : { KEEP(*(.text.boot)) *(.text .text.* .gnu.linkonce.t*) }
+    .rodata : { *(.rodata .rodata.* .gnu.linkonce.r*) }
+    PROVIDE(_data = .); /* let _data = current address */
+    .data : { *(.data .data.* .gnu.linkonce.d*) }
+    .bss (NOLOAD) : { /*don't require space in executable*/
+        . = ALIGN(16); /*align with 16 bit for efficiency*/
+        /*put all .bss, .bss. segments and other segments into .bss */
+        __bss_start = .; 
+        *(.bss .bss.*)
+        *(COMMON)
+        __bss_end = .;
+    }
+    _end = .;
+
+   /DISCARD/ : { *(.comment) *(.gnu*) *(.note*) *(.eh_frame*) }
+}
+__bss_size = (__bss_end - __bss_start)>>3; /* bss size for start.S */
+__bootloader_size = (_end - 0x60000)>>3;

lab2/bootloader/send_loader.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import os
+import os.path
+import argparse
+import time
+
+# Set up argument parser
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Send a file over serial connection.')
+parser.add_argument('-s', '--serial_path', default='/dev/ttyUSB0', help='The path to the serial device (default: /dev/ttyUSB0)')
+parser.add_argument('-f', '--file_path', default='kernel8.img', help='The file to send (default: kernel8.img)')
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+# Check if file exists
+if not os.path.exists(args.file_path):
+    print(f"File {args.file_path} not found.")
+    exit(1)
+
+# Get file size
+size = os.stat(args.file_path).st_size
+size_bytes = size.to_bytes(4, "little")  #little endian to fit the environment (8bit 8bit 8bit 8bit)
+
+# Open serial connection write binary
+with open(args.serial_path, "wb", buffering=0) as tty:
+    # Send file size
+    tty.write(size_bytes) 
+    print("wrote data")
+    time.sleep(3)
+    print("sending kernel")
+
+    # Open and send the file
+    with open(args.file_path, "rb") as f:
+        tty.write(f.read())

lab2/bootloader/start.S

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+.section ".text.boot"
+
+.global _start
+
+_start:
+	// relocate bootloader
+    mov x28, x0
+	ldr x1, =0x80000 //64 bits for address, 0x1 = 1 byte
+	ldr x2, =0x60000 //ldr: put address to register
+	ldr w3, =__bootloader_size //size, 32 bit is enough
+
+relocate: //since its 64-bit architecture, move 8 bytes every time
+	ldr x4,[x1],#8 //store value from x1 to x4, then mov x1 ([] means read value in the address)
+	str x4,[x2],#8 //store value from x4 to x2, then mov x2 ([] means write value in the address)
+	sub w3,w3,#1 //size is >>3, so 1 means 8 bytes
+	cbnz w3,relocate //keep relocate if size is not 0
+
+init_cpu:
+    // read cpu id, stop slave cores
+    mrs     x1, mpidr_el1 //get cpu num
+    and     x1, x1, #3 //see if cpu num is 0
+    cbz     x1, 2f //cpu 0 jump to 2f (others wfe)
+    // cpu id > 0, stop
+
+1:  wfe
+    b       1b
+
+2:  // cpu id == 0
+
+    // set top of stack just before our code (stack grows to a lower address per AAPCS64)
+    ldr     x1, =_start //ldr: load Register
+    mov     sp, x1 //stack pointer before _start
+
+    // clear bss
+    ldr     x1, =__bss_start
+    ldr     w2, =__bss_size
+
+3:  cbz     w2, 4f //see if bss is cleared, if cleared go to 4
+    str     xzr, [x1], #8 //xzr means zero, clear to zzero from start
+    sub     w2, w2, #1 //1 count means 8bit
+    cbnz    w2, 3b //if not zero go back
+
+    // jump to C code, should not return
+
+4:  mov     x0, x28
+    bl      bootloader_main-0x20000
+    // for failsafe, halt this core too
+    b       1b

lab2/build.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+rm ./build/*
+cd kernel
+make
+cd ..
+rm ./build/start.o
+cd bootloader
+make

lab2/include/cpio.h

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#pragma once
+
+struct cpio_newc_header {
+	//file metadata
+	char c_magic[6]; // Magic number identifying the CPIO format
+	char c_ino[8]; // Inode number
+	char c_mode[8]; // File mode and type
+	char c_uid[8]; // User ID of file owner
+	char c_gid[8]; // Group ID of file owner
+	char c_nlink[8]; // Number of hard links
+	char c_mtime[8]; // Modification time of file
+	char c_filesize[8]; // Size of file (in hexadecimal)
+	char c_devmajor[8]; // Major device number (for device files)
+	char c_devminor[8]; // Minor device number (for device files)
+	char c_rdevmajor
+		[8]; // Major device number for the device file node referenced by the symlink
+	char c_rdevminor
+		[8]; // Minor device number for the device file node referenced by the symlink
+	char c_namesize[8]; // Size of filename (in hexadecimal)
+	char c_check[8]; // Checksum
+};
+// Link: https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/bionic/man5/cpio.5.html
+
+void cpio_ls();
+void cpio_cat();

lab2/include/gpio.h

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 bzt (bztsrc@github)
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+ * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+ * files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+ * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
+ * modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+ * of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+ * HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+ * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+ * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#define MMIO_BASE 0x3F000000
+
+#define GPFSEL0 ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00200000))
+#define GPFSEL1 ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00200004))
+#define GPFSEL2 ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00200008))
+#define GPFSEL3 ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x0020000C))
+#define GPFSEL4 ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00200010))
+#define GPFSEL5 ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00200014))
+#define GPSET0 ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x0020001C))
+#define GPSET1 ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00200020))
+#define GPCLR0 ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00200028))
+#define GPLEV0 ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00200034))
+#define GPLEV1 ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00200038))
+#define GPEDS0 ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00200040))
+#define GPEDS1 ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00200044))
+#define GPHEN0 ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00200064))
+#define GPHEN1 ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00200068))
+#define GPPUD ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00200094))
+#define GPPUDCLK0 ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00200098))
+#define GPPUDCLK1 ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x0020009C))

lab2/include/mbox.h

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 bzt (bztsrc@github)
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+ * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+ * files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+ * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
+ * modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+ * of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+ * HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+ * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+ * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+/* a properly aligned buffer */
+extern volatile unsigned int mbox[36];
+
+#define MBOX_REQUEST 0
+
+/* channels */
+#define MBOX_CH_POWER 0
+#define MBOX_CH_FB 1
+#define MBOX_CH_VUART 2
+#define MBOX_CH_VCHIQ 3
+#define MBOX_CH_LEDS 4
+#define MBOX_CH_BTNS 5
+#define MBOX_CH_TOUCH 6
+#define MBOX_CH_COUNT 7
+#define MBOX_CH_PROP 8
+
+/* tags */
+#define TAG_REQUEST_CODE 0x00000000
+#define MBOX_TAG_GETSERIAL 0x10004
+#define MBOX_TAG_GETBOARD 0x00010002
+#define MBOX_TAG_GETARMMEM 0x00010005
+#define MBOX_TAG_LAST 0
+
+int mbox_call(unsigned char ch);
+void get_board_revision();
+void get_serial_number();
+void get_arm_mem();

lab2/include/memory.h

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define MEMORY_SIZE 1024
+
+static char memory_pool[MEMORY_SIZE];
+static char *memory_ptr = memory_pool;
+
+void *simple_alloc(size_t size)
+{
+	void *allocated = memory_ptr;
+
+	if (memory_ptr + size - memory_pool > MEMORY_SIZE)
+		return NULL;
+
+	memory_ptr += size;
+
+	return allocated;
+}

lab2/include/reset.h

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+void set(long addr, unsigned int value);
+void reset(int tick);
+void cancel_reset();

lab2/include/shell.h

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#define MAX_BUFFER_LEN 1024
+
+void shell();

lab2/include/string.h

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#pragma once
+
+int strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);