diff --git a/contrib/bindings/python/pathrs/_pathrs.py b/contrib/bindings/python/pathrs/_pathrs.py
index 2146510b..add9955d 100644
--- a/contrib/bindings/python/pathrs/_pathrs.py
+++ b/contrib/bindings/python/pathrs/_pathrs.py
@@ -517,8 +517,7 @@ def creat(self, path, filemode, mode="r", extra_flags=0):
 		fd = libpathrs_so.pathrs_creat(self.fileno(), path, flags, filemode)
 		if fd < 0:
 			raise Error._fetch(fd) or INTERNAL_ERROR
-		# TODO: This should actually return an os.fdopen.
-		return Handle(fd)
+		return os.fdopen(fd, mode)
 
 	# TODO: creat_raw?
 
diff --git a/go-pathrs/root_linux.go b/go-pathrs/root_linux.go
index 72e8134c..876d2062 100644
--- a/go-pathrs/root_linux.go
+++ b/go-pathrs/root_linux.go
@@ -106,21 +106,17 @@ func (r *Root) ResolveNoFollow(path string) (*Handle, error) {
 // Create creates a file within the Root's directory tree at the given path,
 // and returns a handle to the file. The provided mode is used for the new file
 // (the process's umask applies).
-func (r *Root) Create(path string, flags int, mode os.FileMode) (*Handle, error) {
+func (r *Root) Create(path string, flags int, mode os.FileMode) (*os.File, error) {
 	unixMode, err := toUnixMode(mode)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return withFileFd(r.inner, func(rootFd uintptr) (*Handle, error) {
+	return withFileFd(r.inner, func(rootFd uintptr) (*os.File, error) {
 		handleFd, err := pathrsCreat(rootFd, path, flags, unixMode)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		handleFile, err := mkFile(uintptr(handleFd))
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return &Handle{inner: handleFile}, nil
+		return mkFile(uintptr(handleFd))
 	})
 }
 
diff --git a/src/capi/ret.rs b/src/capi/ret.rs
index f2a988a4..e219cfc4 100644
--- a/src/capi/ret.rs
+++ b/src/capi/ret.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@
 
 use crate::{capi::error as capi_error, error::Error, Handle, Root};
 
-use std::os::unix::io::{IntoRawFd, OwnedFd};
+use std::{
+    fs::File,
+    os::unix::io::{IntoRawFd, OwnedFd},
+};
 
 use libc::c_int;
 
@@ -64,6 +67,12 @@ impl IntoCReturn for Handle {
     }
 }
 
+impl IntoCReturn for File {
+    fn into_c_return(self) -> CReturn {
+        OwnedFd::from(self).into_c_return()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<V> IntoCReturn for Result<V, Error>
 where
     V: IntoCReturn,
diff --git a/src/root.rs b/src/root.rs
index 192457b4..d78f6769 100644
--- a/src/root.rs
+++ b/src/root.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 use std::{
-    fs::Permissions,
+    fs::{File, Permissions},
     io::Error as IOError,
     os::unix::{
         ffi::OsStrExt,
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ impl Root {
         path: P,
         flags: OpenFlags,
         perm: &Permissions,
-    ) -> Result<Handle, Error> {
+    ) -> Result<File, Error> {
         self.as_ref().create_file(path, flags, perm)
     }
 
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ impl RootRef<'_> {
         path: P,
         mut flags: OpenFlags,
         perm: &Permissions,
-    ) -> Result<Handle, Error> {
+    ) -> Result<File, Error> {
         // The path doesn't exist yet, so we need to get a safe reference to the
         // parent and just operate on the final (slashless) component.
         let (dir, name) = self
@@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ impl RootRef<'_> {
             }
         })?;
 
-        Ok(Handle::from_fd_unchecked(fd))
+        Ok(fd.into())
     }
 
     /// Within the [`RootRef`]'s tree, create a directory and any of its parent
diff --git a/src/tests/capi/root.rs b/src/tests/capi/root.rs
index 221ca040..6a4df1b0 100644
--- a/src/tests/capi/root.rs
+++ b/src/tests/capi/root.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 use std::{
-    fs::Permissions,
+    fs::{File, Permissions},
     os::unix::{
         fs::PermissionsExt,
         io::{AsFd, BorrowedFd, OwnedFd},
@@ -140,14 +140,14 @@ impl CapiRoot {
         path: P,
         flags: OpenFlags,
         perm: &Permissions,
-    ) -> Result<CapiHandle, CapiError> {
+    ) -> Result<File, CapiError> {
         let root_fd = self.inner.as_fd();
         let path = capi_utils::path_to_cstring(path);
 
         capi_utils::call_capi_fd(|| unsafe {
             capi::core::pathrs_creat(root_fd.into(), path.as_ptr(), flags.bits(), perm.mode())
         })
-        .map(CapiHandle::from_fd_unchecked)
+        .map(File::from)
     }
 
     fn mkdir_all<P: AsRef<Path>>(
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ impl RootImpl for CapiRoot {
         path: P,
         flags: OpenFlags,
         perm: &Permissions,
-    ) -> Result<Self::Handle, Self::Error> {
+    ) -> Result<File, Self::Error> {
         self.create_file(path, flags, perm)
     }
 
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ impl RootImpl for &CapiRoot {
         path: P,
         flags: OpenFlags,
         perm: &Permissions,
-    ) -> Result<Self::Handle, Self::Error> {
+    ) -> Result<File, Self::Error> {
         CapiRoot::create_file(self, path, flags, perm)
     }
 
diff --git a/src/tests/traits/root.rs b/src/tests/traits/root.rs
index a186f1bb..16e14894 100644
--- a/src/tests/traits/root.rs
+++ b/src/tests/traits/root.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 use std::{
-    fs::Permissions,
+    fs::{File, Permissions},
     os::unix::io::{AsFd, OwnedFd},
     path::{Path, PathBuf},
 };
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub(in crate::tests) trait RootImpl: AsFd + std::fmt::Debug + Sized {
         path: P,
         flags: OpenFlags,
         perm: &Permissions,
-    ) -> Result<Self::Handle, Self::Error>;
+    ) -> Result<File, Self::Error>;
 
     fn mkdir_all<P: AsRef<Path>>(
         &self,
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ impl RootImpl for Root {
         path: P,
         flags: OpenFlags,
         perm: &Permissions,
-    ) -> Result<Self::Handle, Self::Error> {
+    ) -> Result<File, Self::Error> {
         self.create_file(path, flags, perm)
     }
 
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ impl RootImpl for &Root {
         path: P,
         flags: OpenFlags,
         perm: &Permissions,
-    ) -> Result<Self::Handle, Self::Error> {
+    ) -> Result<File, Self::Error> {
         Root::create_file(self, path, flags, perm)
     }
 
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ impl RootImpl for RootRef<'_> {
         path: P,
         flags: OpenFlags,
         perm: &Permissions,
-    ) -> Result<Self::Handle, Self::Error> {
+    ) -> Result<File, Self::Error> {
         self.create_file(path, flags, perm)
     }
 
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ impl RootImpl for &RootRef<'_> {
         path: P,
         flags: OpenFlags,
         perm: &Permissions,
-    ) -> Result<Self::Handle, Self::Error> {
+    ) -> Result<File, Self::Error> {
         RootRef::create_file(self, path, flags, perm)
     }