diff --git a/nonebot/rule.py b/nonebot/rule.py
index 71218846ea67..c458031af3e0 100644
--- a/nonebot/rule.py
+++ b/nonebot/rule.py
@@ -567,10 +567,11 @@ async def __call__(
                 )
             )
         except Exception as e:
-            # shlex may raise value error when syntax error
-            state[SHELL_ARGS] = ParserExit(status=2, message=str(e))
-            # we need to set SHELL_ARGV to empty list to avoid key error
-            state[SHELL_ARGV] = []
+            # set SHELL_ARGV to none indicating shlex error
+            state[SHELL_ARGV] = None
+            # ensure SHELL_ARGS is set to ParserExit if parser is provided
+            if self.parser:
+                state[SHELL_ARGS] = ParserExit(status=2, message=str(e))
             return True
 
         if self.parser:
diff --git a/tests/test_rule.py b/tests/test_rule.py
index 5e145a799982..1ef774a61de0 100644
--- a/tests/test_rule.py
+++ b/tests/test_rule.py
@@ -371,6 +371,19 @@ async def test_shell_command():
     assert state[SHELL_ARGV] == []
     assert SHELL_ARGS not in state
 
+    test_syntax_error = shell_command(CMD)
+    dependent = next(iter(test_syntax_error.checkers))
+    checker = dependent.call
+    assert isinstance(checker, ShellCommandRule)
+    message = Message("-a '1")
+    event = make_fake_event(_message=message)()
+    state = {PREFIX_KEY: {CMD_KEY: CMD, CMD_ARG_KEY: message}}
+    assert await dependent(event=event, state=state)
+    assert state[SHELL_ARGV] is None
+    assert isinstance(state[SHELL_ARGS], ParserExit)
+    assert state[SHELL_ARGS].status != 0
+    assert state[SHELL_ARGS].message.startswith("ValueError")
+
     parser = ArgumentParser("test")
     parser.add_argument("-a", required=True)
 
diff --git a/website/docs/advanced/dependency.mdx b/website/docs/advanced/dependency.mdx
index e7946b39c89c..43d2b466f192 100644
--- a/website/docs/advanced/dependency.mdx
+++ b/website/docs/advanced/dependency.mdx
@@ -843,21 +843,39 @@ async def _(foo: str = CommandWhitespace()): ...
 
 ### ShellCommandArgv
 
-获取 shell 命令解析前的参数列表，列表中可能包含文本字符串和富文本消息段（如：图片）。
+获取 shell 命令解析前的参数列表，列表中可能包含文本字符串和富文本消息段（如：图片）。当词法解析出错的时候，返回值将为 `None`。通过重载机制即可处理两种不同的情况。
 
 <Tabs groupId="python">
   <TabItem value="3.10" label="Python 3.10+" default>
 
 ```python {4}
 from typing import Annotated
-from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgs
+from nonebot import on_shell_command
+from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgv
+
+matcher = on_shell_command("cmd")
+
+# 解析失败
+@matcher.handle()
+async def _(foo: Annotated[None, ShellCommandArgv()]): ...
 
+# 解析成功
+@matcher.handle()
 async def _(foo: Annotated[list[str | MessageSegment], ShellCommandArgv()]): ...
 ```
 
 ```python {4}
-from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgs
+from nonebot import on_shell_command
+from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgv
+
+matcher = on_shell_command("cmd")
+
+# 解析失败
+@matcher.handle()
+async def _(foo: None = ShellCommandArgv()): ...
 
+# 解析成功
+@matcher.handle()
 async def _(foo: list[str | MessageSegment] = ShellCommandArgv()): ...
 ```
 
@@ -866,15 +884,33 @@ async def _(foo: list[str | MessageSegment] = ShellCommandArgv()): ...
 
 ```python {4}
 from typing import Union, Annotated
-from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgs
+from nonebot import on_shell_command
+from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgv
+
+matcher = on_shell_command("cmd")
+
+# 解析失败
+@matcher.handle()
+async def _(foo: Annotated[None, ShellCommandArgv()]): ...
 
+# 解析成功
+@matcher.handle()
 async def _(foo: Annotated[list[Union[str, MessageSegment]], ShellCommandArgv()]): ...
 ```
 
 ```python {4}
 from typing import Union
-from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgs
+from nonebot import on_shell_command
+from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgv
+
+matcher = on_shell_command("cmd")
+
+# 解析失败
+@matcher.handle()
+async def _(foo: None = ShellCommandArgv()): ...
 
+# 解析成功
+@matcher.handle()
 async def _(foo: list[Union[str, MessageSegment]] = ShellCommandArgv()): ...
 ```
 
@@ -886,7 +922,7 @@ async def _(foo: list[Union[str, MessageSegment]] = ShellCommandArgv()): ...
 获取 shell 命令解析后的参数 Namespace，支持 MessageSegment 富文本（如：图片）。
 
 :::tip 提示
-如果参数解析成功，则为 parser 返回的 Namespace；如果参数解析失败，则为 [`ParserExit`](../api/exception.md#ParserExit) 异常，并携带错误码与错误信息。通过重载机制即可处理两种不同的情况。
+如果参数解析成功，则为 parser 返回的 Namespace；如果参数解析失败，则为 [`ParserExit`](../api/exception.md#ParserExit) 异常，并携带错误码与错误信息。在前置词法解析失败时，返回值也为 [`ParserExit`](../api/exception.md#ParserExit) 异常。通过重载机制即可处理两种不同的情况。
 
 由于 `ArgumentParser` 在解析到 `--help` 参数时也会抛出异常，这种情况下错误码为 `0` 且错误信息即为帮助信息。
 :::