NCNN/Vulkan not finding Raspberry Pi 4's Vulkan-compatible GPU

[Foxy6670]

Alright, I'll cut to the chase.
Originally, I just planned on interpolating small videos and GIFs, just to give my Pi a use. After painfully building the program successfully with cmake then make in ~/cain-ncnn-vulkan/src/build/, it was to my surprise that, by default, NCNN/Vulkan couldn't find the GPU, despite having GPU and Vulkan drivers installed and whatnot on Raspberry Pi OS. This is what I get, every single time as an output:
pi@raspberrypi:~/cain-ncnn-vulkan/src/build $ ./cain-ncnn-vulkan -i input_frames -o output_frames
vkCreateInstance failed -9
vkCreateInstance failed -9
vkCreateInstance failed -9
invalid gpu device
A fix (or I could just be dumb and missing something, I dunno) would be appreciated. Thank you in advance.

[78Alpha]

I get that too on my windows machine with a NVIDIA card. It is due to the drivers being installed but unavailable to vulkan applications.

For a Pi, it is not as easy to fix. Mostly just installing any vulkan enabled driver and testing which one works or has a version that the app can use.

You could use something like https://github.com/google/vulkan_test_applications for testing.

[Foxy6670]

Sorry for the late response @78Alpha! I'll try that. Also, on my AMD RX 550, it outputs a black image. Not the case for my much slower GT 710, however.

[78Alpha]

Sorry for the late response @78Alpha! I'll try that. Also, on my AMD RX 550, it outputs a black image. Not the case for my much slower GT 710, however.

That's an issue with how they implemented this... My 1650, 2060 and 3070 all render black images.

For CAIN I have been using https://gitlab.com/hubert.sontowski2007/cainapp but it is CUDA only. Doesn't have the black image bug.