diff --git a/cpp/src/parquet/column_reader.cc b/cpp/src/parquet/column_reader.cc
index d53649304e0b5..a1f8602d9db49 100644
--- a/cpp/src/parquet/column_reader.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/parquet/column_reader.cc
@@ -1036,6 +1036,9 @@ class TypedColumnReaderImpl : public TypedColumnReader<DType>,
 
   // Read definition and repetition levels. Also return the number of definition levels
   // and number of values to read. This function is called before reading values.
+  //
+  // ReadLevels will throw exception when any num-levels read is not equal to the number
+  // of the levels can be read.
   void ReadLevels(int64_t batch_size, int16_t* def_levels, int16_t* rep_levels,
                   int64_t* num_def_levels, int64_t* non_null_values_to_read) {
     batch_size = std::min(batch_size, this->available_values_current_page());
@@ -1043,6 +1046,9 @@ class TypedColumnReaderImpl : public TypedColumnReader<DType>,
     // If the field is required and non-repeated, there are no definition levels
     if (this->max_def_level_ > 0 && def_levels != nullptr) {
       *num_def_levels = this->ReadDefinitionLevels(batch_size, def_levels);
+      if (ARROW_PREDICT_FALSE(*num_def_levels != batch_size)) {
+        throw ParquetException(kErrorRepDefLevelNotMatchesNumValues);
+      }
       // TODO(wesm): this tallying of values-to-decode can be performed with better
       // cache-efficiency if fused with the level decoding.
       *non_null_values_to_read +=
@@ -1055,7 +1061,7 @@ class TypedColumnReaderImpl : public TypedColumnReader<DType>,
     // Not present for non-repeated fields
     if (this->max_rep_level_ > 0 && rep_levels != nullptr) {
       int64_t num_rep_levels = this->ReadRepetitionLevels(batch_size, rep_levels);
-      if (def_levels != nullptr && *num_def_levels != num_rep_levels) {
+      if (batch_size != num_rep_levels) {
         throw ParquetException(kErrorRepDefLevelInEqual);
       }
     }
@@ -1131,13 +1137,7 @@ int64_t TypedColumnReaderImpl<DType>::ReadBatch(int64_t batch_size, int16_t* def
   // Should not return more values than available in the current data page.
   ARROW_DCHECK_LE(num_def_levels, this->available_values_current_page());
   // Check levels read matches `available_values_current_page() > 0`
-  if (num_def_levels == 0 &&
-      std::min(batch_size, this->available_values_current_page()) > 0) {
-    std::stringstream ss;
-    ss << "Read 0 definition levels, expected "
-       << std::min(batch_size, this->available_values_current_page());
-    ParquetException::EofException(ss.str());
-  }
+  ARROW_DCHECK(num_def_levels == 0 || std::min(batch_size, this->available_values_current_page()) > 0);
   if (non_null_values_to_read != 0) {
     *values_read = this->ReadValues(non_null_values_to_read, values);
     if (*values_read != non_null_values_to_read) {
@@ -1422,15 +1422,12 @@ class TypedRecordReader : public TypedColumnReaderImpl<DType>,
         int16_t* def_levels = this->def_levels() + levels_written_;
         int16_t* rep_levels = this->rep_levels() + levels_written_;
 
-        // Not present for non-repeated fields
-        int64_t levels_read = 0;
+        int64_t levels_read = this->ReadDefinitionLevels(batch_size, def_levels);
         if (this->max_rep_level_ > 0) {
-          levels_read = this->ReadDefinitionLevels(batch_size, def_levels);
-          if (this->ReadRepetitionLevels(batch_size, rep_levels) != levels_read) {
+          int64_t rep_levels_read = this->ReadRepetitionLevels(batch_size, rep_levels);
+          if (rep_levels_read != levels_read) {
             throw ParquetException(kErrorRepDefLevelInEqual);
           }
-        } else if (this->max_def_level_ > 0) {
-          levels_read = this->ReadDefinitionLevels(batch_size, def_levels);
         }
 
         if (ARROW_PREDICT_FALSE(batch_size != levels_read)) {
@@ -1601,6 +1598,9 @@ class TypedRecordReader : public TypedColumnReaderImpl<DType>,
       if (this->ReadRepetitionLevels(batch_size, rep_levels) != levels_read) {
         throw ParquetException(kErrorRepDefLevelInEqual);
       }
+      if (ARROW_PREDICT_FALSE(batch_size != levels_read)) {
+        throw ParquetException(kErrorRepDefLevelNotMatchesNumValues);
+      }
 
       levels_written_ += levels_read;
       int64_t remaining_records = num_records - skipped_records;