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phon_polish.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
# coding: utf-8
"""Phonetic transcription of Polish text to IPA."""
import re
import sys
# function for the phonetic transcription of Polish language to IPA
def ipa_polish(text):
"""Phonetic transcription to IPA of given Polish text or word."""
# set transription table (IPA)
vowels = {'a': 'a', 'ą': 'ɔ', 'e': 'ɛ', 'ę': 'ɛ', 'i': 'i', 'o': 'ɔ',
'u': 'u', 'ó': 'u', 'y': 'ɨ'}
sonors = {'j': 'j', 'm': 'm', 'n': 'n', 'ń': 'ɲ', 'ni': 'ɲ', 'r': 'r',
'l': 'l', 'ł': 'w'}
voice_voice = {'b': 'b', 'd': 'd', 'g': 'ɡ', 'w': 'v', 'z': 'z',
'dź': 'd͡ʑ', 'dzi': 'd͡ʑ', 'ź': 'ʑ', 'zi': 'ʑ', 'dz': 'd͡z',
'dż': 'd͡ʐ', 'ż': 'ʐ', 'rz': 'ʐ', 'h': 'ɣ', 'ch': 'ɣ',
'v': 'v', 'q': 'kv', 'x': 'ks'}
voice_voiceless = {'b': 'p', 'd': 't', 'g': 'k', 'w': 'f', 'z': 's',
'dź': 't͡ɕ', 'dzi': 't͡ɕ', 'ź': 'ɕ', 'zi': 'ɕ',
'dz': 't͡s', 'dż': 'd͡ʐ', 'ż': 'ʂ', 'rz': 'ʂ', 'h': 'x',
'ch': 'x', 'v': 'f', 'q': 'kf', 'x': 'ks'}
voiceless_voiceless = {'p': 'p', 't': 't', 'k': 'k', 'f': 'f', 's': 's',
'ć': 't͡ɕ', 'ci': 't͡ɕ', 'ś': 'ɕ', 'si': 'ɕ',
'c': 't͡s', 'cz': 't͡ʂ', 'sz': 'ʂ'}
voiceless_voice = {'p': 'b', 't': 'd', 'k': 'ɡ', 'f': 'v', 's': 'z',
'ć': 'd͡ʑ', 'ci': 'd͡ʑ', 'ś': 'ʑ', 'si': 'ʑ',
'c': 'd͡z', 'cz': 'd͡ʐ', 'sz': 'ʐ'}
# exceptions
n_nasals = ('d', 'g', 'dz', 'c', 'k', 't', 'cz', 'dż')
w_nasals = ('w', 'z', 'ź', 'zi', 'rz', 'ż', 'ś', 'si', 'ch',
'h', 'f', 's', 'sz')
m_nasals = ('b', 'p')
ni_nasals = ('dź', 'dzi', 'ci', 'ć')
consonants_soft = ('dzi', 'zi', 'ci', 'si', 'ni')
# TODO: foreign words
# split on clauses
text = text.replace('...', '.')
parts = re.split(r'[,;\.\!\?\"\-\–$]', text)
delimiters = [l for l in text if l in ',;.!?"-–']
# transcript clauses
transcripted_parts = list()
for part in parts:
# check input
if not part:
transcripted_parts.append('')
continue
# prepare text to list of letters to transcript
part = part.lower().strip()
part = part.replace('dzi', 'A').replace('dź', 'B').replace('rz', 'C')
part = part.replace('dż', 'D').replace('ch', 'E').replace('sz', 'F')
part = part.replace('cz', 'G').replace('dz', 'H').replace('zi', 'I')
part = part.replace('ci', 'J').replace('si', 'K').replace('ni', 'L')
digraphs = {'A': 'dzi', 'B': 'dź', 'C': 'rz', 'D': 'dż', 'E': 'ch',
'F': 'sz', 'G': 'cz', 'H': 'dz', 'I': 'zi', 'J': 'ci',
'K': 'si', 'L': 'ni'}
part = list(part)
for l in range(len(part)):
if part[l] in digraphs:
part[l] = digraphs[part[l]]
# transcripted input
ipa = [l for l in part]
# find out intervals for neutralization and assimilation
posit_vowel = [-1] + [i for i in range(len(part)) if part[i] in vowels]
posit_sonor = [i for i in range(len(part)) if part[i] in sonors]
# neutralization
j = posit_vowel[-1]
if posit_sonor and posit_sonor[-1] > posit_vowel[-1]:
j = posit_sonor[-1]
i = len(part) - 1
while i > j:
if part[i] in voice_voiceless:
ipa[i] = voice_voiceless[part[i]]
elif part[i] in voiceless_voiceless:
ipa[i] = voiceless_voiceless[part[i]]
elif part[i] in sonors:
ipa[i] = sonors[part[i]]
i -= 1
# transctiption and assimilation
while posit_vowel:
i, k = j, j
j = posit_vowel.pop()
voice = None # assimil. type (N=uknown, T=voice, F=voiceless)
while i > j:
# transcription of soft consonants
if part[i] in consonants_soft:
# dzi, zi
if part[i] in ('dzi', 'zi'):
voice = True
if i < len(part) - 1 and part[i+1] in vowels:
ipa[i] = voice_voice[part[i]]
else:
ipa[i] = voice_voice[part[i]] + ' i'
# ci, si
elif i < len(part) - 1 and part[i] in ('ci', 'si'):
voice = False
if part[i+1] in vowels:
ipa[i] = voiceless_voiceless[part[i]]
else:
ipa[i] = voiceless_voiceless[part[i]] + ' i'
# ni
else:
voice = None
if i < len(part) - 1 and part[i+1] in vowels:
ipa[i] = sonors[part[i]]
else:
ipa[i] = sonors[part[i]] + ' i'
# transcription of vowels
elif part[i] in vowels:
# initial of word (glotal plosive)
if i == 0 or part[i-1] == ' ':
ipa[i] = 'ʔ ' + vowels[part[i]]
# ii
elif (part[i] == 'i' and i < len(part) - 1
and part[i+1] == 'i'):
ipa[i] = 'j'
# ą, ę
elif part[i] in 'ąę':
if i is len(part) - 1:
if part[i] == 'ą':
ipa[i] = vowels[part[i]] + ' u̯'
else:
ipa[i] = vowels[part[i]]
elif part[i+1] in n_nasals:
ipa[i] = vowels[part[i]] + ' ŋ'
elif part[i+1] in m_nasals:
ipa[i] = vowels[part[i]] + ' m'
elif part[i+1] in w_nasals:
ipa[i] = vowels[part[i]] + ' u̯'
elif part[i+1] in ni_nasals:
ipa[i] = vowels[part[i]] + ' ɲ'
else:
ipa[i] = vowels[part[i]]
# otherwise
else:
ipa[i] = vowels[part[i]]
# transcription of sonors and consonants
elif k != i:
# sonors
if part[i] in sonors:
voice = None
ipa[i] = sonors[part[i]]
# choose type of assimilation
elif voice is None:
# regression or progression of w
if part[i] in 'w' and i > 0:
if part[i-1] in 'tks':
ipa[i] = voice_voiceless[part[i]]
voice = False
else:
ipa[i] = voice_voice[part[i]]
voice = True
# regression or progression of ż and rz
elif part[i] in ('ż', 'rz') and i > 0:
if part[i-1] in 'ae' or \
part[i-1] in voiceless_voiceless:
ipa[i] = voice_voiceless[part[i]]
voice = False
else:
ipa[i] = voice_voice[part[i]]
voice = True
# voiced
elif part[i] in voice_voice:
voice = True
ipa[i] = voice_voice[part[i]]
# voiceless
elif part[i] in voiceless_voiceless:
ipa[i] = voiceless_voiceless[part[i]]
voice = False
# assimilation
else:
# voiced group
if voice is True and part[i] in voice_voice:
ipa[i] = voice_voice[part[i]]
elif voice is True and part[i] in voiceless_voice:
ipa[i] = voiceless_voice[part[i]]
# voiceless group
elif voice is False and part[i] in voice_voiceless:
ipa[i] = voice_voiceless[part[i]]
elif voice is False and part[i] in voiceless_voiceless:
ipa[i] = voiceless_voiceless[part[i]]
i -= 1
# clean empty cells and save transcripted clauses
ipa = list(filter(None, ipa))
transcripted_parts.append(ipa)
# return transcripted text
transcripted_parts = [' '.join(part) for part in transcripted_parts]
transcripted = ''
i = 0
while i < len(delimiters):
transcripted += transcripted_parts[i] + delimiters[i]
i += 1
if i < len(transcripted_parts):
transcripted += transcripted_parts[-1]
transcripted = re.sub(r'\.|\?|\!|\;|\"', ' || ', transcripted)
transcripted = re.sub(r'\,|\-|\–', ' | ', transcripted)
return transcripted
# running script if it is used in shell (with stdin or path to file)
if __name__ == '__main__':
if not sys.stdin.isatty(): # read from stdin
for line in sys.stdin:
print(ipa_polish(line.strip()), sep='\t')
else: # read from file
if len(sys.argv) == 2:
with open(sys.argv[1], mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
for line in f:
print(ipa_polish(line.strip()), sep='\t')
else:
print('Error: Use script in pipeline or give the path '
'to the relevant file in the first argument.')