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<h1 style="font-size: 65px;color: white;">High Energy Astrophysics at Masaryk University</h1>
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<p style="color: white;">The High Energy Astrophysics Group is a new research group within Masaryk University in Brno, Czech Republic. We are an international research group focused on the hot and energetic Universe over multiple wavelengths and physical scales. We bridge obvervational, theoretical, and computational fields over a broad array of disciplines.
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<h1 class="section-heading"> About Us </h1>
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<h2>Studying the Hot Universe </h2>
<p class="text-faded text-left"> Most of the Universe consists of dark energy and dark matter, which are hidden from our view. However, even most of the “ordinary matter”, made of standard-model particles, remains unseen and unexplored. In the course of structure formation, only a small fraction of the baryons turned into stars - most remain in the form of a hot, strongly ionised, low-density, X-ray emitting plasma. In the innermost parts of galaxies this plasma is often referred to as interstellar medium (ISM), at large radii, well beyond the stellar component, as circumgalactic medium (CGM), in groups of galaxies as intragroup medium (IGrM), in clusters of galaxies as intracluster medium (ICM), and in the filaments of the cosmic web as intergalactic medium (IGM) or warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). Since the hot phases of all these media share crucial similarities, we will refer to them at all scales as hot atmospheres. They can be best probed by observations at soft X-ray energies, which require spaceborne observatories, or using ground based mm-observations using the Sunyaev-Zeldovitch (SZ) effect.
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<h5>Ongoing research projects in the group include:</h5>
<p class="text-faded text-left"> Studies of the role of the hot galactic atmospheres and accreting supermassive black holes in galaxy evolution. We use proprietary and public multi-wavelength, mostly X-ray and radio, data to study nearby early-type galaxies and test various predictions of the so-called “precipitation” and black hole feedback models, and compare our data with state of the art numerical simulations.
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<p class="text-faded text-left"> Determine the dynamics, thermodynamics, and the chemical composition of the hot plasma by using multi-wavelength X-ray, <span class="">SZ, and radio</span> observations. We use mostly X-ray observations of cluster outskirts and merging galaxy clusters and complement these data with<span class=""> SZ and radio observations</span>. We also study mock X-ray observations of state-of the-art cosmological simulations with existing and planned high-resolution X-ray observatories. Our group is involved in the scientific preparations for the Athena mission.
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<p class="text-faded text-left"> Use of machine learning to study the evolution of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and the large scale structure of the Universe. We are also looking forward to observations of the evolution of the earliest massive galaxies and their central black holes using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
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<h2>Studying the Energetic Universe </h2>
<p class="text-faded text-left"> Among the most important breakthroughs of the past years is the detection of gravitational waves by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo. In particular, the recent detection of the short gamma-ray burst GRB170817A associated with the gravitational wave signal GW170817 and produced by a binary neutron star merger, marks a milestone in multi-messenger astrophysics and highlights the importance of the efforts to search for electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave sources with space-borne instruments. Modern space observatories monitoring GRBs grew into several hundred million Euro missions. However, miniaturization recently opened new opportunities to monitor and localize GRBs with CubeSats (nano-satellites), which are affordable also for small countries and universities. Our group is involved in the <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.hermes-sp.eu" target="_blank" title="Hermes web">HERMES-SP</a> project and the CAMELOT initiative, including two in-orbit demonstration missions, GRBAlpha and VZLUSAT-2, to be launched in the first half of 2021.
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<p class="text-faded text-left"> Our goal is to demonstrate that monitoring and timing based localization of gamma-ray bursts, some of which are the electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave events, can be performed using CubeSats. Together with our international collaborators (Konkoly Observatory, INAF, ELTE, VZLU), we are helping to develop CubeSat missions that are able to perform breakthrough science in the field of High-Energy Astrophysics.
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<p class="text-faded text-left"> Our group also hopes to be a bridge between astrophysics and theoretical physics, exploring exotic phenomena such as the quantum structure of space and microscopic black-holes.
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<h2 class="section-heading"> Selected Publications and Contributions From our Group</h2>
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<p class="primary text-left"><b>The mergers in Abell 2256: displaced gas and its connection to the radio-emitting plasma</b><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.10263.pdf"> -- PDF</a><a href="https://bit.ly/ShockSupplement"> -- Supplement</a><br>
Breuer, J. P.; Werner, N.; Mernier, F.; Mroczkowski, T.; Simionescu, A.; Clarke, T. E.; ZuHone, J. A.; Di Mascolo, L.<br>
</p>
<p class="primary text-left"><b>Simulations of expected signal and background of gamma-ray sources by large field-of-view detectors aboard CubeSats</b><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.08104.pdf"> -- PDF</a><br>
Galgóczi, G., Řípa, J., Campana, R., Werner, N., Pál, A., Ohno, M., Mészáros, L., Mizuno, T., Tarcai, N., Torigoe, K., Uchida, N., Fukazawa, Y., Takahashi, H., Nakazawa, K., Hirade, N., Hirose, K., Hisadomi, S., Enoto, T., Odaka, H., Ichinohe, Y., Frei, Z., & Kiss, L. 2021, Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems, 7, 028004<br>
</p>
<p class="primary text-left"><b>GRBAlpha: a 1U CubeSat mission for validating timing-based gamma-ray burst localization</b><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.01298.pdf"> -- PDF</a><br>
Pál, A., Ohno, M., Mészáros, L., Werner, N., Ripa, J., Frajt, M., Hirade, N., Hudec, J., Kapuš, J., Koleda, M., Laszlo, R., Lipovský, P., Matake, H., Å melko, M., Uchida, N., Csák, B., Enoto, T., Frei, Z., Fukazawa, Y., Galgóczi, G., Hirose, K., Hisadomi, S., Ichinohe, Y., Kiss, L. L., Mizuno, T., Nakazawa, K., Odaka, H., Takahashi, H., & Torigoe, K. 2020, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series, 11444, 114444V<br>
</p>
<!-- <p class="primary text-left"><b>Space Radiation and Plasma Effects on Satellites and Aviation: Quantities and Metrics for Tracking Performance of Space Weather Environment Models</b><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334754502_Space_Radiation_and_Plasma_Effects_on_Satellites_and_Aviation_Quantities_and_Metrics_for_Tracking_Performance_of_Space_Weather_Environment_Models"> -- Article (image credit)</a><br>
Zheng, Y.; Ganushkina, N. Y.; Jiggens, P.; Jun, I.; Meier, M. M.; Minow, J. I.; O'Brien T. P.; Pitchford, D.; Shprits, Y. Y.; Tobiska, W. K.; Xapsos, M. A.; Guild, T. B.; Mazur, J. E.; Kunetsova, M. M.<br>
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<p> High Energy Astrophysics Group<br>Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics </p>
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<p> Kotlářská 2, 602 00, Brno<br>Czech Republic </p>
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<h6 class="center"></> with ♥ by <a href="https://github.com/jpbreuer">Jean-Paul</a> & <a href="https://github.com/tomasplsek">Tomáš</a></h6>
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