add links to sections

_site/thesis.html

@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ <h2 id="cha:literature" tabindex="-1">3. Interlinking Cultural Heritage Data</h2
 <p>Interlinking <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> data is an important aspect of publishing heritage collections over the web, in particular by using <abbr title="Linked Open Data">LOD</abbr> technologies to make assertions more easily readable and meaningful to machines (Marcondes, 2021). Due to the complexity of <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> data and their intrinsic inter-relationships, it is necessary to define its nature and introduce controlled vocabularies and ontologies that can be integrated with existing web standards and interoperable with relevant platforms (Bruseker et al., 2017; Hyvönen, 2020).</p>
 <p>Efforts to interlink <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> data have brought about significant advancements, but challenges remain. One such challenge is finding a balance between completeness and precision of expression to ensure that the that <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> data remain accessible and usable to a wider audience. Addressing this challenge, the Linked Open Usable Data (<abbr title="Linked Open Usable Data">LOUD</abbr>) design principles and the specifications that adhere to those, such as the <abbr title="International Image Interoperability Framework">IIIF</abbr> Presentation <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr> 3.0 and Linked Art, offer a promising approach (Raemy et al., 2023). By focusing on usability aspects from the perspective of software developers and data scientists involved in designing visualisation tools and data aggregation approaches, <abbr title="Linked Open Usable Data">LOUD</abbr> strives to enhance the overall user experience (Sanderson, 2019).</p>
 <p>Finding this equilibrium becomes crucial as <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> data continues to grow in complexity and size, necessitating the seamless integration of native web technologies. The <abbr title="Linked Open Usable Data">LOUD</abbr> concept cultivates an environment that encourages the formation of vibrant <abbr title="Communites of Practice">CoP</abbr> and the seamless integration of native web technologies, wherein an essential principle is the availability of comprehensive documentation supplemented with practical examples (Raemy, 2022). Moreover, the emphasis on leveraging widely adopted technologies enhances the interoperability of data and promotes its wider dissemination. With <abbr title="Linked Open Usable Data">LOUD</abbr> principles guiding the linking of <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> data, the resulting web of knowledge becomes more than just a machine-readable resource; it transforms into a user-centric ecosystem where both accessibility of Linked Data and usability intersect to enable scholars and a wider audience to engage in the exploration and appreciation of <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> (Newbury, 2018). Finally, by fostering a collaborative, knowledge-sharing mindset, <abbr title="Linked Open Usable Data">LOUD</abbr> empowers software developers to implement data in a robust way, drawing insights from shared experiences (see Page et al., 2020).</p>
-<p>In this chapter, which serves as the literature review of the PhD thesis, I attempt to draw on this brief introduction by dividing the insights into seven sections in order to provide an overview of the key concepts related to interlinking data in the <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> domain. The literature review primarily encompasses works published up until December 2023, providing a comprehensive snapshot of the field’s current state and its evolution. <a href="#sec:standout">Section 3.1</a> discusses what makes <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> data stand out and <a href="#sec:metadata">Section 3.2</a> is about <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> metadata standards, while ??? explores the technological trends, scientific movements and guiding principles that have shaped the field. ??? provides an overview of the web as an open platform, which are essential to understanding the current landscape of interlinking <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> data. ??? focuses on <abbr title="Linked Open Usable Data">LOUD</abbr>, while ??? looks at characterising the community practices and semantic interoperability dimensions for <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr>. Finally, in ???, I summarise key elements from each section and within each of these I give some initial thoughts with respect to <abbr title="Linked Open Usable Data">LOUD</abbr>, and then conclude the chapter with some considerations on why we as a society need to care about <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> data.</p>
+<p>In this chapter, which serves as the literature review of the PhD thesis, I attempt to draw on this brief introduction by dividing the insights into seven sections in order to provide an overview of the key concepts related to interlinking data in the <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> domain. The literature review primarily encompasses works published up until December 2023, providing a comprehensive snapshot of the field’s current state and its evolution. <a href="#sec:standout">Section 3.1</a> discusses what makes <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> data stand out and <a href="#sec:metadata">Section 3.2</a> is about <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> metadata standards, while <a href="#sec:movements">Section 3.3</a> explores the technological trends, scientific movements and guiding principles that have shaped the field. <a href="#sec:linkeddata">Section 3.4</a> provides an overview of the web as an open platform, which are essential to understanding the current landscape of interlinking <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> data. <a href="#sec:loud">Section 3.5</a> focuses on <abbr title="Linked Open Usable Data">LOUD</abbr>, while <a href="#sec:semantics-interoperability">Section 3.6</a> looks at characterising the community practices and semantic interoperability dimensions for <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr>. Finally, in <a href="#sec:review-summary-insights">Section 3.7</a>, I summarise key elements from each section and within each of these I give some initial thoughts with respect to <abbr title="Linked Open Usable Data">LOUD</abbr>, and then conclude the chapter with some considerations on why we as a society need to care about <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> data.</p>
 <h3 id="sec:standout" tabindex="-1">3.1 What Makes Cultural Heritage Data Stand Out?</h3>
 <p>Here, I aim to establish the indirect territory of my study, as I am situated on a distinct plane that focuses on web technologies and standards — as well as software and services that enable them — as the subjects of investigation. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that <abbr title="Linked Open Usable Data">LOUD</abbr> specifications owe their existence to the available data that have served as case studies. Thus, their significance can be best understood through the lens of data and I recognise here the pivotal role played by <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> practitioners — encompassing individuals from research and memory institutions — who have had a significant impact on specifying a series of web-based standards and who have helped to move forward the discovery of <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> data and beyond, in particular those belonging to the public domain, in an open manner.</p>
 <p>In <a href="#subsec:cultural-heritage">Subsection 3.1.1</a>, I provide an introduction to <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> as recognised by the <abbr title="United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization">UNESCO</abbr>. I explore the tangible, intangible, and natural dimensions of <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr>, laying the foundation for further discussions on its representation and preservation, notably by giving a first definition of <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> data. Next in <a href="#subsec:reprez">3.1.2</a>, I look at the challenges of representation and embodiment of <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> data. This subsection examines the challenges in describing and preserving its materiality or embodied aspects. Understanding the significance of collective efforts, communities, and the interplay of technologies. Thirdly, I discuss what I called ‘Collectives and Apparatuses’ in <a href="#subsec:collective-apparatus">3.1.3</a> where I highlight how actors in terms of collaborative actions and apparatuses play a pivotal role in <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr>.</p>
@@ -1157,7 +1157,8 @@ <h3 id="3.5-linked-open-usable-data" tabindex="-1">3.5 Linked Open Usable Data</
 <p>(…)</p>
 <h3 id="3.6-characterising-community-practices-and-semantic-interoperability" tabindex="-1">3.6 Characterising Community Practices and Semantic Interoperability</h3>
 <p>(…)</p>
-<h3 id="3.7-summary-and-preliminary-insights" tabindex="-1">3.7 Summary and Preliminary Insights</h3>
+<h3 id="sec:review-summary-insights" tabindex="-1">3.7 Summary and Preliminary Insights</h3>
+<p>This section provides a summary of what has been discussed in this literature review as well as some preliminary insights with regard to the <abbr title="Linked Open Usable Data">LOUD</abbr> ecosystem, chiefly the design principles, communities, standards, and the implementations. It follows the flow of the present chapter and is organised into five subsequent parts. Finally, in , I end with a few reflections on why we ought to care about <abbr title="Cultural Heritage">CH</abbr> data in the wider sense.</p>
 <p>(…)</p>
 <h2 id="cha:theoretical" tabindex="-1">4. Exploring Relationships through an Actor-Network Theory Lens</h2>
 <blockquote>
@@ -1751,26 +1752,9 @@ <h2 id="cha:conclusion" tabindex="-1">10. Conclusion</h2>
 </li>
 <li id="fn108" class="footnote-item"><p>(Wood et al., 2014, p. 35) <a href="#fnref108" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
 </li>
-<li id="fn109" class="footnote-item"><p><abbr title="First-order logic">FOL</abbr>, also
-known as first-order predicate logic or first-order predicate
-calculus, is a formal system of symbolic logic used in mathematics,
-philosophy, and computer science. It is a logical framework for
-expressing and reasoning about statements involving objects and
-their properties and relationships. In <abbr title="First-order logic">FOL</abbr>, statements are represented using
-variables, constants, functions, and predicates. It allows for the
-quantification of variables and the formulation of statements such
-as $\forall$ (for all) and $\exists$ (there exists), which enable
-the expression of universal and existential quantification. As such,
-<abbr title="First-order logic">FOL</abbr> can express
-facts concerning some or all of the objects in the universe. Its
-epistemological commitment, i.e. what an agent believes about facts,
-is concentrated of what is true, false, or unknown<br>
-(see Russell &amp; Norvig, 2010, p. 285 ff.) <a href="#fnref109" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
-</li>
-<li id="fn110" class="footnote-item"><p>It must be noted that <abbr title="Description logic">DL</abbr>, a subset of
-<abbr title="First-order logic">FOL</abbr> – briefly
-introduced in , has a more restricted syntax and semantics tailored
-for ontology modelling. <a href="#fnref110" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
+<li id="fn109" class="footnote-item"><p><abbr title="First-order logic">FOL</abbr>, also known as first-order predicate logic or first-order predicate calculus, is a formal system of symbolic logic used in mathematics, philosophy, and computer science. It is a logical framework for expressing and reasoning about statements involving objects and their properties and relationships. In <abbr title="First-order logic">FOL</abbr>, statements are represented using variables, constants, functions, and predicates. It allows for the quantification of variables and the formulation of statements such as ∀ (for all) and ∃ (there exists), which enable the expression of universal and existential quantification. As such, <abbr title="First-order logic">FOL</abbr> can express facts concerning some or all of the objects in the universe. Its epistemological commitment, i.e. what an agent believes about facts, is concentrated of what is true, false, or unknown (see Russell &amp; Norvig, 2010, p. 285 ff.) <a href="#fnref109" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
+</li>
+<li id="fn110" class="footnote-item"><p>It must be noted that <abbr title="Description logic">DL</abbr>, a subset of <abbr title="First-order logic">FOL</abbr> – briefly introduced in <a href="#subsubsec:ontology">3.2.4.4</a>, has a more restricted syntax and semantics tailored for ontology modelling. <a href="#fnref110" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
 </li>
 <li id="fn111" class="footnote-item"><p><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</abbr> is an
 extension of <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr> that allows for the use of