Add intuition

_quarto.yml

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ website:
     left:
       - href: index.qmd
         text: Home
+      - href: intuition.qmd
+        text: Build Intuition
       - href: data.qmd
         text: Simulate Data
       - href: outcomemodeling.qmd

data.qmd

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-title: "Generate Data"
+title: "Simulate Data"
 ---
 
 The code below will generate a dataset of $n = 100$ observations. Each observation contains several observed variables:
@@ -15,13 +15,24 @@ Each observation also contains outcomes that we know only because the data are s
 * `Y0` The potential outcome under control
 * `Y1` The potential outcome under treatment
 
-To run this code, you will need the `dplyr` package. If you don't have it, first run the line `install.packages("dplyr")` in your R console.
+To run this code, you will need the `dplyr` package. If you don't have it, first run the line `install.packages("dplyr")` in your R console. Then, add this line to your R script to load the package.
 
-```{r}
+```{r, message = F, warning = F}
 library(dplyr)
-n <- 100
-data <- tibble(L1 = rnorm(n),
-               L2 = rnorm(n)) |>
+```
+
+If you want your simulation to match our numbers exactly, add a line to set your seed.
+
+```{r}
+set.seed(90095)
+```
+
+```{r}
+n <- 500
+data <- tibble(
+  L1 = rnorm(n),
+  L2 = rnorm(n)
+) |>
   # Generate potential outcomes as functions of L
   mutate(Y0 = rnorm(n(), mean = L1 + L2, sd = 1),
          Y1 = rnorm(n(), mean = Y0 + 1, sd = 1)) |>

docs/data.html

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes">
 
 
-<title>causalestimators - Generate Data</title>
+<title>causalestimators - Simulate Data</title>
 <style>
 code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
 span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
@@ -120,6 +120,10 @@
   <li class="nav-item">
     <a class="nav-link" href="./index.html" rel="" target="">
  <span class="menu-text">Home</span></a>
+  </li>  
+  <li class="nav-item">
+    <a class="nav-link" href="./intuition.html" rel="" target="">
+ <span class="menu-text">Build Intuition</span></a>
   </li>  
   <li class="nav-item">
     <a class="nav-link active" href="./data.html" rel="" target="" aria-current="page">
@@ -156,7 +160,7 @@
 
 <header id="title-block-header" class="quarto-title-block default">
 <div class="quarto-title">
-<h1 class="title">Generate Data</h1>
+<h1 class="title">Simulate Data</h1>
 </div>
 
 
@@ -184,35 +188,29 @@ <h1 class="title">Generate Data</h1>
 <li><code>Y0</code> The potential outcome under control</li>
 <li><code>Y1</code> The potential outcome under treatment</li>
 </ul>
-<p>To run this code, you will need the <code>dplyr</code> package. If you don’t have it, first run the line <code>install.packages("dplyr")</code> in your R console.</p>
+<p>To run this code, you will need the <code>dplyr</code> package. If you don’t have it, first run the line <code>install.packages("dplyr")</code> in your R console. Then, add this line to your R script to load the package.</p>
 <div class="cell">
 <div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(dplyr)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
-<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
-<pre><code>
-Attaching package: 'dplyr'</code></pre>
-</div>
-<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
-<pre><code>The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
-
-    filter, lag</code></pre>
 </div>
-<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
-<pre><code>The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
-
-    intersect, setdiff, setequal, union</code></pre>
+<p>If you want your simulation to match our numbers exactly, add a line to set your seed.</p>
+<div class="cell">
+<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">set.seed</span>(<span class="dv">90095</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>n <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="dv">100</span></span>
-<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>data <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">tibble</span>(<span class="at">L1 =</span> <span class="fu">rnorm</span>(n),</span>
-<span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>               <span class="at">L2 =</span> <span class="fu">rnorm</span>(n)) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span></span>
-<span id="cb5-4"><a href="#cb5-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="co"># Generate potential outcomes as functions of L</span></span>
-<span id="cb5-5"><a href="#cb5-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">Y0 =</span> <span class="fu">rnorm</span>(<span class="fu">n</span>(), <span class="at">mean =</span> L1 <span class="sc">+</span> L2, <span class="at">sd =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>),</span>
-<span id="cb5-6"><a href="#cb5-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>         <span class="at">Y1 =</span> <span class="fu">rnorm</span>(<span class="fu">n</span>(), <span class="at">mean =</span> Y0 <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="at">sd =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>)) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span></span>
-<span id="cb5-7"><a href="#cb5-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="co"># Generate treatment as a function of L</span></span>
-<span id="cb5-8"><a href="#cb5-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">propensity_score =</span> <span class="fu">plogis</span>(<span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">2</span> <span class="sc">+</span> L1 <span class="sc">+</span> L2)) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span></span>
-<span id="cb5-9"><a href="#cb5-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">A =</span> <span class="fu">rbinom</span>(<span class="fu">n</span>(), <span class="dv">1</span>, propensity_score)) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span></span>
-<span id="cb5-10"><a href="#cb5-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="co"># Generate factual outcome</span></span>
-<span id="cb5-11"><a href="#cb5-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">Y =</span> <span class="fu">case_when</span>(A <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="dv">0</span> <span class="sc">~</span> Y0,</span>
-<span id="cb5-12"><a href="#cb5-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>                       A <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="dv">1</span> <span class="sc">~</span> Y1))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
+<div class="cell">
+<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>n <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="dv">500</span></span>
+<span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>data <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">tibble</span>(</span>
+<span id="cb3-3"><a href="#cb3-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">L1 =</span> <span class="fu">rnorm</span>(n),</span>
+<span id="cb3-4"><a href="#cb3-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">L2 =</span> <span class="fu">rnorm</span>(n)</span>
+<span id="cb3-5"><a href="#cb3-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span></span>
+<span id="cb3-6"><a href="#cb3-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="co"># Generate potential outcomes as functions of L</span></span>
+<span id="cb3-7"><a href="#cb3-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">Y0 =</span> <span class="fu">rnorm</span>(<span class="fu">n</span>(), <span class="at">mean =</span> L1 <span class="sc">+</span> L2, <span class="at">sd =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>),</span>
+<span id="cb3-8"><a href="#cb3-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>         <span class="at">Y1 =</span> <span class="fu">rnorm</span>(<span class="fu">n</span>(), <span class="at">mean =</span> Y0 <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="at">sd =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>)) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span></span>
+<span id="cb3-9"><a href="#cb3-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="co"># Generate treatment as a function of L</span></span>
+<span id="cb3-10"><a href="#cb3-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">propensity_score =</span> <span class="fu">plogis</span>(<span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">2</span> <span class="sc">+</span> L1 <span class="sc">+</span> L2)) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span></span>
+<span id="cb3-11"><a href="#cb3-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">A =</span> <span class="fu">rbinom</span>(<span class="fu">n</span>(), <span class="dv">1</span>, propensity_score)) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span></span>
+<span id="cb3-12"><a href="#cb3-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="co"># Generate factual outcome</span></span>
+<span id="cb3-13"><a href="#cb3-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">Y =</span> <span class="fu">case_when</span>(A <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="dv">0</span> <span class="sc">~</span> Y0,</span>
+<span id="cb3-14"><a href="#cb3-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>                       A <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="dv">1</span> <span class="sc">~</span> Y1))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>A simulation is nice because the answer is known. In this simulation, the conditional average causal effect of <code>A</code> on <code>Y</code> equals 1 at any value of <code>L1</code> and <code>L_2</code>.</p>
 

docs/index.html

@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
   <li class="nav-item">
     <a class="nav-link active" href="./index.html" rel="" target="" aria-current="page">
  <span class="menu-text">Home</span></a>
+  </li>  
+  <li class="nav-item">
+    <a class="nav-link" href="./intuition.html" rel="" target="">
+ <span class="menu-text">Build Intuition</span></a>
   </li>  
   <li class="nav-item">
     <a class="nav-link" href="./data.html" rel="" target="">
@@ -135,7 +139,8 @@ <h1 class="title">Causal Estimators</h1>
 
 </header>
 
-<p>This page leads a tutorial on causal estimators. See the first page for code to generate data, and choose any of the subsequent pages to practice applying a causal estimator.</p>
+<p>This page offers a tutorial on causal estimators. We first designed this page for the Summer Institute in Computational Social Science at UCLA in June 2024.</p>
+<p>See the first page for intuition about causal estimators. The next page provides code to simulate data. You can choose any of the subsequent pages in any order to practice applying causal estimators.</p>