programming_exercises.qmd

---
format:
  html: 
    output-file: "programming_exercises"
    output-ext:  "html"
editor: source
engine: knitr
filters:
  - webr-teachr
  - quiz-teachr
webr:
  packages: ["reticulate"]
  autoload-packages: false
---

```{r setup, include=FALSE}
library(reticulate)
use_python("/usr/bin/python3")
```
# Programming Exercises

This set of exercises is meant to test your knowledge of the concepts covered in block 2 of the course. All questions are Multiple Choice! 

## Exercise 1

What is the evolutionary path of code, ideally?

:::{.quiz-multichoice}
- [ ] [module -> script -> function]{hint="x"}
- [X] [script -> functions -> package]{hint="o"}
- [ ] [functions -> package -> script]{hint="x"}
- [ ] [package -> class -> functions]{hint="x"}
:::


## Exercise 2

Which of these types of data is persistent?

:::{.quiz-multichoice}
- [ ] [data in memory]{hint="x"}
- [X] [data on disk (in a file)]{hint="o"}
- [X] [data in storage (e.g. in a database)]{hint="o"}
:::

## Exercise 3
Which of these file formats are interoperable?

:::{.quiz-multichoice}

- [X] [parquet]{hint="o"}
- [ ] [.RData]{hint="x"}
- [X] [.csv]{hint="o"}
- [ ] [.xlsx]{hint="x"}
- [ ] [.Dta]{hint="x"}
:::

## Exercise 4

Which of these file formats are binary? 

:::{.quiz-multichoice}

- [ ] [.csv]{hint="x"}
- [X] [.pdf]{hint="o"}
- [ ] [.xml]{hint="x"}
- [ ] [.json]{hint="x"}
- [X] [.jpeg]{hint="o"}
<!-- TODO: check if this is true -->
:::

::: {.callout-caution}
## Your turn!
Think about what the underlying structure of the non-binary file formats might be.
:::


## Exercise 5

What are the good ways to store nested data on disk (in a file)?

:::{.quiz-multichoice}
- [X] [.json]{hint="o"}
- [ ] [.csv]{hint="x"}
- [X] [.yaml]{hint="o"}
- [X] [.xml]{hint="o"}
- [ ] [.xlsx]{hint="x"}
:::

## Exercise 6

Guess what the following code snippet in **Python** would return 

```python
x = [1, 2, 3]
y = x
y.append(4)
print(x)
```
:::{.quiz-multichoice}
- [X] [list with elements 1-4]{hint="o"}
- [ ] [list with elements 1-3]{hint="x"}
- [ ] [list with element 4]{hint="x"}
:::


## Exercise 7

Guess what the following code snippet in **R** would return 

```r
x <- c(1,2,3)
y <- x
y <- c(y,4)
print(x)
```
:::{.quiz-multichoice}
- [ ] [1 2 3 4]{hint="x"}
- [X] [1 2 3]{hint="o"}
- [ ] [4]{hint="x"}
:::


::: {.callout-caution}
## Your turn!
Try to replicate the above behavior of R in Python (the copying of variables). Hint: you can use shallow copies
:::