Aiba2005
Data contributor: Masahiro Aiba
Email: mshiro5@gmail.com
Address:
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku,Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Citation: Aiba M and Nakashizuka T (2005). 'Sapling structure and regeneration strategy in 18 Shorea species co-occurring in a tropical rainforest.' Annals of Botany, 96(2), pp. 313-321.
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mci179
Abstract: * Background and Aims Inevitable trade-offs in structure may be a basis for differentiation in plant strategies. Juvenile trees in different functional groups are characterized by specific suites of structural traits such as crown architecture and biomass distribution. The relationship between juvenile tree structure and function was tested to find out if it is robust among functionally and taxonomically similar species of the genus Shorea that coexist sympatrically in a tropical rain forest in Borneo. * Methods The sapling structures of 18 species were compared for standardized dry masses of 5 and 30 g. Pairwise simple correlation and multiple correlation patterns among structural traits of juveniles 0.1-1.5 m in height) of 18 Shorea species were examined using Pearson's correlation and principal component analysis (PCA), respectively. The correlation was then tested between the {PCA} results and three indices of shade tolerance: the net photosynthetic rate, the wood density of mature trees and seed size. * Key Results The structural variation in saplings of the genus Shorea was as large as that found in sets of species with much more diverse origins. The PCA showed that both crown architecture and allocation to leaves are major sources of variation in the structures of the 18 species investigated. Of these two axes, allocation to leaves was significantly correlated with wood density and showed a limited correlation with photosynthetic rate, whereas crown architecture was significantly correlated to seed size. * Conclusions Overall, the results suggest that an allocation trade-off between leaves and other organs, which co-varied with wood density and to a certain extent with photosynthetic capacity, accounts for the difference in shade tolerance among congeneric, functionally similar species. In contrast, the relationship between the architecture and regeneration strategy differed from the pattern found between functional groups, and the function of crown architecture was ambiguous.
The dataset includes records for 318 individuals from 18 species belonging to 1 family(ies), presenting 1 functional type(s), growing in 1 condition(s) within 1 major type(s) of habitat, with data included for the following variables:
| Variable | Label | Units | N | Min | Median | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| latitude | Latitude | deg | 318 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| longitude | Longitude | deg | 318 | 114 | 114 | 114 |
| a.lf | Leaf area | m2 | 318 | 0.0015 | 0.049 | 0.5 |
| a.stba | Stem area at base | m2 | 318 | 0.0000028 | 0.000026 | 0.0002 |
| a.cp | Crown area | m2 | 318 | 0.0066 | 0.093 | 0.91 |
| h.t | Height | m | 318 | 0.12 | 0.56 | 1.5 |
| h.c | Height to crown base | m | 318 | 0.06 | 0.4 | 1.2 |
| d.ba | Basal diameter | m | 318 | 0.0019 | 0.0057 | 0.016 |
| d.cr | Crown width | m | 318 | 0.092 | 0.34 | 1.1 |
| c.d | Crown depth | m | 318 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.93 |
| m.lf | Leaf mass | kg | 318 | 0.00015 | 0.0036 | 0.033 |
| m.st | Total stem mass | kg | 318 | 0.00016 | 0.0046 | 0.048 |
| m.so | Aboveground mass | kg | 318 | 0.00037 | 0.008 | 0.074 |
| m.br | Branch mass | kg | 318 | 0 | 0 | 0.0094 |
| m.rt | Total root mass | kg | 318 | 0.00008 | 0.0029 | 0.033 |
| m.to | Total mass | kg | 318 | 0.00045 | 0.011 | 0.1 |
| a.ilf | Area of individual leaf | m2 | 318 | 0.0004 | 0.005 | 0.062 |
And locally within the country:
The sites sampled are:
| Location | Longitude | Latitude | Vegetation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia | 113.83 | 4.03 | Tropical rainforest |
The growing conditions of sampled plants was:
| Location | growingCondition |
|---|---|
| Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia | field wild |
| Species | Family | Pft |
|---|---|---|
| Shorea acuta | Dipterocarpaceae | evergreen angiosperm |
| Shorea agami | Dipterocarpaceae | evergreen angiosperm |
| Shorea andulensis | Dipterocarpaceae | evergreen angiosperm |
| Shorea beccariana | Dipterocarpaceae | evergreen angiosperm |
| Shorea biawak | Dipterocarpaceae | evergreen angiosperm |
| Shorea bracteata | Dipterocarpaceae | evergreen angiosperm |
| Shorea crassa | Dipterocarpaceae | evergreen angiosperm |
| Shorea curtisii | Dipterocarpaceae | evergreen angiosperm |
| Shorea exelliptica | Dipterocarpaceae | evergreen angiosperm |
| Shorea falciferoides | Dipterocarpaceae | evergreen angiosperm |
| Shorea laxa | Dipterocarpaceae | evergreen angiosperm |
| Shorea macroptera | Dipterocarpaceae | evergreen angiosperm |
| Shorea ochlacea | Dipterocarpaceae | evergreen angiosperm |
| Shorea ovalis | Dipterocarpaceae | evergreen angiosperm |
| Shorea ovata | Dipterocarpaceae | evergreen angiosperm |
| Shorea pilosa | Dipterocarpaceae | evergreen angiosperm |
| Shorea scrobiculata | Dipterocarpaceae | evergreen angiosperm |
| Shorea smithiana | Dipterocarpaceae | evergreen angiosperm |
Sampling strategy: Of the approx. 70 species of the genus Shorea that occur in Lambir Hills National Park (Sarawak, Malaysia), 18 species, for which enough saplings of a comparable size could be collected, were analysed - 360 individuals were analysed. In August 2003, approx. 20 sound saplings of various sizes (0.1-1.5m tall) of each species were sampled to determine their allometric relationships. All sampled individuals grew under closed canopies. For S. ochracea, only 18 individuals were sampled because of its rarity. Also sampled were 10-15 saplings of each species excluding S. ochracea, in November 2003.
Leaf area: For each sapling, the total leaf area and maximum individual leaf area were measured using the software LIA32 for Windows 95 (K. Yamamoto) after scanning the images.
Stem cross sectional area: Stem diameter was measured at ground using calliper at right angles.
Height: Height was measured as the vertical distance from the ground to the highest apex.
Crown area: Crown width was measured at right angles including the widest width. Projected area was estimated by assuming an ellipse.
Biomass: Saplings were divided into root, stem, branches and leaf lamina. Each compartment was dried to constant weight and weighed. Leaf petioles were not included in Total leaf mass. All parts of the saplings were weighed after being oven-dried at 60degC for at least 5 d.
Other variables: Saplings grown under closed canopy and canopy openness were measured using hemispherical photographs; Mean annual rainfall provided; Mean annual temperature provided.
Year collected: 2003
Acknowledgements: Forest Department of Sarawak and Sarawak Forest Research Corporation for their kind permission to conduct research in Lambir Hills National Park. This study was partly supported by a Research Fellowship for Young Scientists (to M. Aiba) and grants from the Ministry of Environment (No. S-9-3 to M. Aiba)
This is how the study Aiba2005 fits in the entire dataset (grey). each colour represents a species. A legend of species names with colours is included at the end for reports with 1 < n < 20 species.
