docs: 📝 add types and benefits of decentralization

Add Vitalik's analysis of decentralization types (architectural, political, logical) and their key benefits (fault tolerance, attack resistance, collusion resistance). Include nuanced discussion of tradeoffs and limitations.

Decentralized Protocols.md

@@ -27,3 +27,31 @@
 - When building a technology, consider: [does this centralize or decentralize power?](https://geohot.github.io/blog/jekyll/update/2021/01/18/technology-without-industry.html)
 - Many decentralized protocols are trying to build next generation common digital infrastructure.
   - Unfortunately,[nearly every crypto project realized that they could capture value (make a lot of money) with innovative tokenomics that looked a lot like Ponzis, or at least borderline securities fraud](https://andrewconner.com/common-digital-infrastructure/).
+
+## Types of Decentralization
+
+There are [three distinct types of decentralization](https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/the-meaning-of-decentralization-a0c92b76a274):
+
+- **Architectural decentralization**: How many physical computers make up the system and how many can fail before the system stops working.
+- **Political decentralization**: How many individuals or organizations control those computers.
+- **Logical decentralization**: Whether the interface and data structures look like a single monolithic system or can be split into independent parts.
+
+A system can be:
+
+- Decentralized in some aspects but centralized in others (e.g., blockchains are politically and architecturally decentralized but logically centralized).
+- Architecturally decentralized but politically centralized (e.g., many companies running on AWS).
+- Politically decentralized but architecturally centralized (e.g., some formal democracies).
+
+## Why Decentralization Matters
+
+[Decentralization provides three key benefits](https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/the-meaning-of-decentralization-a0c92b76a274):
+
+- **Fault tolerance**: Systems are less likely to fail accidentally because they rely on many separate components.
+- **Attack resistance**: Systems are more expensive to attack because they lack sensitive central points.
+- **Collusion resistance**: It's harder for participants to collude in ways that benefit them at the expense of others.
+
+However, decentralization is not a silver bullet:
+
+- Common mode failures can still affect decentralized systems (e.g., all nodes running the same client software with a bug).
+- Pure economic models sometimes show that decentralization doesn't matter for security.
+- There's a paradox between fostering good coordination (e.g., quick protocol upgrades) while preventing harmful coordination (e.g., 51% attacks).

Large Language Models.md

@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@
 
 - LLM can build internal [[Knowledge Graphs]]s in their the network layers.
 - ML system where humans are designing how the information is organized (feature engineering, linking, graph building) will scale poorly ([the bitter lesson](http://www.incompleteideas.net/IncIdeas/BitterLesson.html)).
+- English is becoming the hottest new programming language. [Use it](https://addyo.substack.com/p/the-70-problem-hard-truths-about).
 
 ## Coding Tips
 
 - Use comments to guide the model to do what you want.
 - Divide the problem into smaller problems (functions, classes, ...) and solve them one by one.
-- English is becoming the hottest new programming language. [Use it](https://addyo.substack.com/p/the-70-problem-hard-truths-about).
+- Start with a template you like to bootstrap your project and setup all the necessary toolings and following a manageable project pattern.
+- Before coding, make the plan with the model.
+- Make the model ask you more questions to refine the ideas.
 
 ## Agents
 

Plurality.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Plurality
+
+- [Plurality is a political philosophy and framework](https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2024/08/21/plurality.html) that seeks to create mechanisms for large-scale cooperation while preserving diversity and autonomy.
+  - Plurality stands between [[Governance|Technocracy]] and [[Decentralized Autonomous Organizations|Libertarianism]], offering a third way that emphasizes connections between individuals and groups.
+  - Plurality recognizes that there is no single model that can explain the world perfectly, and we should use a combination of different models instead.
+- Key ideas of [Plurality](https://www.plurality.net/):
+  - [[Identity]] should be intersectional and social, using the entire set of a person's actions and interactions to determine trustworthiness.
+  - [[Governance]] mechanisms should count uncorrelated signals additively but correlated signals with diminishing returns.
+  - [[Organizations|Organizations]] should allow different degrees of membership, not just true-or-false.
+  - Local currencies and property rights can coexist with global mechanisms for cooperation.
+- Plurality technologies include:
+  - [Polis](https://pol.is/home) for large-scale conversations that identify consensus across different viewpoints.
+  - Community Notes that surface content rated highly by people who disagree on other topics.
+  - Message Checker and other user-facing tools that protect users while preserving autonomy.
+  - Quadratic funding and other mechanisms that subsidize collaboration between different groups.
+- Plurality is compatible with:
+  - Exponential technological growth, by designing property rights that force rising tides to lift all boats.
+  - Valuing excellence and expertise, through mechanisms like prediction markets with per-person subsidies.
+  - Local experimentation in social media, blockchain ecosystems, and local government.

Politics.md

@@ -39,6 +39,15 @@
 - Absolute laws affect problems that are context dependent. The goal is to minimize misery.
 - [Everyone has a strong pressure toward believing a political story where the agents of positive change are things and people that they can personally relate to. E.g: a lawyer might think that the best way to solve a problem is to sue someone, a programmer might think that the best way to solve a problem is to make open source software for it.](https://80000hours.org/podcast/episodes/vitalik-buterin-techno-optimism/)
 - Governments usually don't have a great view into the [[Open Data|data]]. They can't look at the city's economy, energy, climate, and infrastructure in one glance. If they could, [even if poor governing decisions were made, it would be easier to see the impact and optimize them](https://magis.substack.com/p/simcity-and-data-commons).
+- [Central planning](https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2018/11/25/central_planning.html) and interventionism should be evaluated by counting "knobs" (adjustable parameters) rather than measuring absolute magnitude of intervention.
+  - Simple systems with fewer knobs are desirable because they:
+    - Have fewer points of failure.
+    - Are less likely to overfit to specific contexts.
+    - Are more resistant to corruption and special interests.
+    - Can more easily achieve legitimacy through comprehensibility.
+  - There's a difference between redundant complexity (many parts serving similar goals) and optimizing complexity (one knob per problem).
+  - What seems "simple" is often just familiar - cultural context and shared historical experience shape our perception of complexity.
+  - [[Systems|System design]] should balance mathematical/technical approaches with historical/anthropological learning to avoid extreme conservatism or dangerous utopianism.
 
 ## [Voting Theory](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/D6trAzh6DApKPhbv4/a-voting-theory-primer-for-rationalists)