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8086tiny.c
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// 8086tiny: a tiny, highly functional, highly portable PC emulator/VM
// Copyright 2013-14, Adrian Cable (adrian.cable@gmail.com) - http://www.megalith.co.uk/8086tiny
//
// Revision 1.25
//
// This work is licensed under the MIT License. See included LICENSE.TXT.
#define __USE_POSIX199309
#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 199309L
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/timeb.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define AMOUNT_XMS_HANDLES 32
#define XMS_REPORTED_FREE (16 * 1024 * 1024)
// #define XMS_DEBUG 1
// #define XMS_FAIL_FIRST_ALLOC 1
/* FreeCOM with XMS Swap seems to break when it loads
* into our XMS. Various errors occur with different versions.
* As a workaround, this fails FreeCOM's XMS allocation.
* After that, for example, lDebug symbolic can use XMS.
*
* Update: I found the FreeCOM bug and reported it at
* https://github.com/FDOS/freecom/issues/15
*
* With the support for the push imm16 instruction,
* we can work around the FreeCOM bug.
*/
#ifdef XMS_DEBUG
#include <stdio.h>
#endif
#ifdef INT6_DEBUG
#include <stdio.h>
#endif
#ifdef IMUL_DEBUG
#include <stdio.h>
#endif
#ifndef _WIN32
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#endif
#include "cp437.h"
#ifndef NO_GRAPHICS
#include "SDL.h"
#endif
// Emulator system constants
#define IO_PORT_COUNT 0x10000
#define RAM_SIZE 0x10FFF0
#define REGS_BASE 0xF0000
#define VIDEO_RAM_SIZE 0x10000
#define MASK_SHIFT_COUNT(count) (31 & (count))
// change this to just (count) to be detected as an 8086
// Graphics/timer/keyboard update delays (explained later)
#ifndef GRAPHICS_UPDATE_DELAY
#define GRAPHICS_UPDATE_DELAY 360000
#endif
#define KEYBOARD_TIMER_UPDATE_DELAY 20000
#define HALT_TIME_MICROSECONDS 100
#define KEYBOARD_TIMER_DELAY_FROM_HALT 1000
#define GRAPHICS_DELAY_FROM_HALT 1000
// 16-bit register decodes
#define REG_AX 0
#define REG_CX 1
#define REG_DX 2
#define REG_BX 3
#define REG_SP 4
#define REG_BP 5
#define REG_SI 6
#define REG_DI 7
#define REG_ES 8
#define REG_CS 9
#define REG_SS 10
#define REG_DS 11
#define REG_ZERO 12
#define REG_SCRATCH 13
// 8-bit register decodes
#define REG_AL 0
#define REG_AH 1
#define REG_CL 2
#define REG_CH 3
#define REG_DL 4
#define REG_DH 5
#define REG_BL 6
#define REG_BH 7
// FLAGS register decodes
#define FLAG_CF 40
#define FLAG_PF 41
#define FLAG_AF 42
#define FLAG_ZF 43
#define FLAG_SF 44
#define FLAG_TF 45
#define FLAG_IF 46
#define FLAG_DF 47
#define FLAG_OF 48
// Lookup tables in the BIOS binary
#define TABLE_XLAT_OPCODE 8
#define TABLE_XLAT_SUBFUNCTION 9
#define TABLE_STD_FLAGS 10
#define TABLE_PARITY_FLAG 11
#define TABLE_BASE_INST_SIZE 12
#define TABLE_I_W_SIZE 13
#define TABLE_I_MOD_SIZE 14
#define TABLE_COND_JUMP_DECODE_A 15
#define TABLE_COND_JUMP_DECODE_B 16
#define TABLE_COND_JUMP_DECODE_C 17
#define TABLE_COND_JUMP_DECODE_D 18
#define TABLE_FLAGS_BITFIELDS 19
// Bitfields for TABLE_STD_FLAGS values
#define FLAGS_UPDATE_SZP 1
#define FLAGS_UPDATE_AO_ARITH 2
#define FLAGS_UPDATE_OC_LOGIC 4
// Helper macros
// Decode mod, r_m and reg fields in instruction
#define DECODE_RM_REG scratch2_uint = 4 * !i_mod, \
op_to_addr = rm_addr = i_mod < 3 ? SEGREG(seg_override_en ? seg_override : bios_table_lookup[scratch2_uint + 3][i_rm], bios_table_lookup[scratch2_uint][i_rm], regs16[bios_table_lookup[scratch2_uint + 1][i_rm]] + bios_table_lookup[scratch2_uint + 2][i_rm] * i_data1+) : GET_REG_ADDR(i_rm), \
op_from_addr = GET_REG_ADDR(i_reg), \
i_d && (scratch_uint = op_from_addr, op_from_addr = rm_addr, op_to_addr = scratch_uint)
// Return memory-mapped register location (offset into mem array) for register #reg_id
#define GET_REG_ADDR(reg_id) (REGS_BASE + (i_w ? 2 * reg_id : 2 * reg_id + reg_id / 4 & 7))
// Returns number of top bit in operand (i.e. 8 for 8-bit operands, 16 for 16-bit operands)
#define TOP_BIT 8*(i_w + 1)
// Opcode execution unit helpers
#define OPCODE ;break; case
#define OPCODE_CHAIN ; case
// [I]MUL/[I]DIV/DAA/DAS/ADC/SBB helpers
#define MUL_MACRO(op_data_type,out_regs) (set_opcode(0x10), \
out_regs[i_w + 1] = (op_result = CAST(op_data_type)mem[rm_addr] * (op_data_type)*out_regs) >> 16, \
regs16[REG_AX] = op_result, \
set_OF(set_CF(op_result - (op_data_type)op_result)))
#define DIV_MACRO(out_data_type,in_data_type,out_regs) (scratch_int = CAST(out_data_type)mem[rm_addr]) && !(scratch2_uint = (in_data_type)(scratch_uint = (out_regs[i_w+1] << 16) + regs16[REG_AX]) / scratch_int, scratch2_uint - (out_data_type)scratch2_uint) ? out_regs[i_w+1] = scratch_uint - scratch_int * (*out_regs = scratch2_uint) : pc_interrupt_reset(0)
#define DAA_DAS(op1,op2) \
set_AF((((scratch_uchar = regs8[REG_AL]) & 0x0F) > 9) || regs8[FLAG_AF]) && (op_result = (regs8[REG_AL] op1 6), set_CF(regs8[FLAG_CF] || (regs8[REG_AL] op2 scratch_uchar))), \
set_CF((regs8[REG_AL] > 0x9f) || regs8[FLAG_CF]) && (op_result = (regs8[REG_AL] op1 0x60))
#define ADC_SBB_MACRO(a) OP(a##= regs8[FLAG_CF] +), \
set_CF(regs8[FLAG_CF] && (op_result == op_dest) || (a op_result < a(int)op_dest)), \
set_AF_OF_arith()
// Execute arithmetic/logic operations in emulator memory/registers
#define R_M_OP(dest,op,src) (i_w ? op_dest = CAST(unsigned short)dest, op_result = CAST(unsigned short)dest op (op_source = CAST(unsigned short)src) \
: (op_dest = dest, op_result = dest op (op_source = CAST(unsigned char)src)))
#define R_M_OP_64_EQUALS(dest,op,src) (i_w ? op_dest = CAST(unsigned short)dest, op_result = CAST(unsigned short)dest = (uint64_t)CAST(unsigned short)dest op (uint64_t)(op_source = CAST(unsigned short)src) \
: (op_dest = dest, op_result = dest = (uint64_t)dest op (uint64_t)(op_source = CAST(unsigned char)src)))
#define MEM_OP(dest,op,src) R_M_OP(mem[dest],op,mem[src])
#define OP(op) MEM_OP(op_to_addr,op,op_from_addr)
// Increment or decrement a register #reg_id (usually SI or DI), depending on direction flag and operand size (given by i_w)
#define INDEX_INC(reg_id) (regs16[reg_id] -= (2 * regs8[FLAG_DF] - 1)*(i_w + 1))
// Helpers for stack operations
#define R_M_PUSH(a) (i_w = 1, R_M_OP(mem[SEGREG(REG_SS, REG_SP, --)], =, a))
#define R_M_POP(a) (i_w = 1, regs16[REG_SP] += 2, R_M_OP(a, =, mem[SEGREG(REG_SS, REG_SP, -2+)]))
// Convert segment:offset to linear address in emulator memory space
#define SEGREG(reg_seg,reg_ofs,op) 16 * regs16[reg_seg] + (unsigned short)(op regs16[reg_ofs])
// Returns sign bit of an 8-bit or 16-bit operand
#define SIGN_OF(a) (1 & (i_w ? CAST(short)a : a) >> (TOP_BIT - 1))
// Reinterpretation cast
#define CAST(a) *(a*)&
// Keyboard driver for console. This may need changing for UNIX/non-UNIX platforms
#ifdef _WIN32
#define KEYBOARD_DRIVER kbhit() && (mem[0x4A6] = getch(), pc_interrupt(7))
#else
#define KEYBOARD_DRIVER read(0, mem + 0x4A6, 1) && (int8_asap = (mem[0x4A6] == 0x1B), pc_interrupt(7))
#endif
// Keyboard driver for SDL
#ifdef NO_GRAPHICS
#define SDL_KEYBOARD_DRIVER KEYBOARD_DRIVER
#else
#define SDL_KEYBOARD_DRIVER sdl_screen ? SDL_PollEvent(&sdl_event) && (sdl_event.type == SDL_KEYDOWN || sdl_event.type == SDL_KEYUP) && (scratch_uint = sdl_event.key.keysym.unicode, scratch2_uint = sdl_event.key.keysym.mod, CAST(short)mem[0x4A6] = 0x400 + 0x800*!!(scratch2_uint & KMOD_ALT) + 0x1000*!!(scratch2_uint & KMOD_SHIFT) + 0x2000*!!(scratch2_uint & KMOD_CTRL) + 0x4000*(sdl_event.type == SDL_KEYUP) + ((!scratch_uint || scratch_uint > 0x7F) ? sdl_event.key.keysym.sym : scratch_uint), pc_interrupt(7)) : (KEYBOARD_DRIVER)
#endif
// Global variable definitions
unsigned char mem[RAM_SIZE + 16], io_ports[IO_PORT_COUNT + 16],
*opcode_stream, *regs8, i_rm, i_w, i_reg, i_mod, i_mod_size, i_d, i_reg4bit,
raw_opcode_id, xlat_opcode_id, extra, rep_mode, seg_override_en, rep_override_en,
trap_flag, int8_asap, scratch_uchar, io_hi_lo, *vid_mem_base, spkr_en, bios_table_lookup[20][256],
hlt_this_time, setting_ss, prior_setting_ss, reset_ip_after_rep_trace,
shift_count;
unsigned short *regs16, reg_ip, seg_override, file_index, wave_counter, reg_ip_before_rep_trace;
unsigned int op_source, op_dest, rm_addr, op_to_addr, op_from_addr, i_data0, i_data1, i_data2, scratch_uint, scratch2_uint, keyboard_timer_inst_counter, graphics_inst_counter, set_flags_type, GRAPHICS_X, GRAPHICS_Y, pixel_colors[16], vmem_ctr;
int op_result, disk[3], scratch_int;
time_t clock_buf;
struct timeb ms_clock;
#ifndef NO_GRAPHICS
SDL_AudioSpec sdl_audio = {44100, AUDIO_U8, 1, 0, 128};
SDL_Surface *sdl_screen;
SDL_Event sdl_event;
unsigned short vid_addr_lookup[VIDEO_RAM_SIZE], cga_colors[4] = {0 /* Black */, 0x1F1F /* Cyan */, 0xE3E3 /* Magenta */, 0xFFFF /* White */};
#endif
// Helper functions
void callxms();
// Set carry flag
char set_CF(int new_CF)
{
return regs8[FLAG_CF] = !!new_CF;
}
// Set auxiliary flag
char set_AF(int new_AF)
{
return regs8[FLAG_AF] = !!new_AF;
}
// Set overflow flag
char set_OF(int new_OF)
{
return regs8[FLAG_OF] = !!new_OF;
}
// Set auxiliary and overflow flag after arithmetic operations
char set_AF_OF_arith()
{
set_AF((op_source ^= op_dest ^ op_result) & 0x10);
if (op_result == op_dest)
return set_OF(0);
else
return set_OF(1 & (regs8[FLAG_CF] ^ op_source >> (TOP_BIT - 1)));
}
// Assemble and return emulated CPU FLAGS register in scratch_uint
void make_flags()
{
scratch_uint = 0xF002; // 8086 has reserved and unused flags set to 1
for (int i = 9; i--;)
scratch_uint += regs8[FLAG_CF + i] << bios_table_lookup[TABLE_FLAGS_BITFIELDS][i];
}
// Set emulated CPU FLAGS register from regs8[FLAG_xx] values
void set_flags(int new_flags)
{
for (int i = 9; i--;)
regs8[FLAG_CF + i] = !!(1 << bios_table_lookup[TABLE_FLAGS_BITFIELDS][i] & new_flags);
}
// Convert raw opcode to translated opcode index. This condenses a large number of different encodings of similar
// instructions into a much smaller number of distinct functions, which we then execute
void set_opcode(unsigned char opcode)
{
xlat_opcode_id = bios_table_lookup[TABLE_XLAT_OPCODE][raw_opcode_id = opcode];
extra = bios_table_lookup[TABLE_XLAT_SUBFUNCTION][opcode];
i_mod_size = bios_table_lookup[TABLE_I_MOD_SIZE][opcode];
set_flags_type = bios_table_lookup[TABLE_STD_FLAGS][opcode];
}
// Execute INT #interrupt_num on the emulated machine
char pc_interrupt(unsigned char interrupt_num)
{
set_opcode(0xCD); // Decode like INT
make_flags();
R_M_PUSH(scratch_uint);
R_M_PUSH(regs16[REG_CS]);
R_M_PUSH(reg_ip);
MEM_OP(REGS_BASE + 2 * REG_CS, =, 4 * interrupt_num + 2);
R_M_OP(reg_ip, =, mem[4 * interrupt_num]);
trap_flag = 0;
return regs8[FLAG_TF] = regs8[FLAG_IF] = 0;
}
// Execute interrupt but reset ip
char pc_interrupt_reset(unsigned char interrupt_num)
{
reg_ip = reg_ip_before_rep_trace;
return pc_interrupt(interrupt_num);
}
// AAA and AAS instructions - which_operation is +1 for AAA, and -1 for AAS
int AAA_AAS(char which_operation)
{
return (regs16[REG_AX] += 262 * which_operation*set_AF(set_CF(((regs8[REG_AL] & 0x0F) > 9) || regs8[FLAG_AF])), regs8[REG_AL] &= 0x0F);
}
#ifndef NO_GRAPHICS
void audio_callback(void *data, unsigned char *stream, int len)
{
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
stream[i] = (spkr_en == 3) && CAST(unsigned short)mem[0x4AA] ? -((54 * wave_counter++ / CAST(unsigned short)mem[0x4AA]) & 1) : sdl_audio.silence;
spkr_en = io_ports[0x61] & 3;
}
#endif
void callin(uint8_t* dest, uint16_t port) {
io_ports[0x20] = 0; // PIC EOI
io_ports[0x42] = --io_ports[0x40]; // PIT channel 0/2 read placeholder
io_ports[0x3DA] ^= 9; // CGA refresh
port == 0x60 && (io_ports[0x64] = 0); // Scancode read flag
port == 0x3D5 && (io_ports[0x3D4] >> 1 == 7) && (io_ports[0x3D5] = ((mem[0x49E]*80 + mem[0x49D] + CAST(short)mem[0x4AD]) & (io_ports[0x3D4] & 1 ? 0xFF : 0xFF00)) >> (io_ports[0x3D4] & 1 ? 0 : 8)); // CRT cursor position
R_M_OP(*dest, =, io_ports[port]);
}
void callout(uint8_t* source, uint16_t port) {
R_M_OP(io_ports[port], =, *source);
port == 0x61 && (io_hi_lo = 0, spkr_en |= *source & 3); // Speaker control
(port == 0x40 || port == 0x42) && (io_ports[0x43] & 6) && (mem[0x469 + port - (io_hi_lo ^= 1)] = *source); // PIT rate programming
#ifndef NO_GRAPHICS
port == 0x43 && (io_hi_lo = 0, *source >> 6 == 2) && (SDL_PauseAudio((*source & 0xF7) != 0xB6), 0); // Speaker enable
#endif
port == 0x3D5 && (io_ports[0x3D4] >> 1 == 6) && (mem[0x4AD + !(io_ports[0x3D4] & 1)] = *source); // CRT video RAM start offset
port == 0x3D5 && (io_ports[0x3D4] >> 1 == 7) && (scratch2_uint = ((mem[0x49E]*80 + mem[0x49D] + CAST(short)mem[0x4AD]) & (io_ports[0x3D4] & 1 ? 0xFF00 : 0xFF)) + (*source << (io_ports[0x3D4] & 1 ? 0 : 8)) - CAST(short)mem[0x4AD], mem[0x49D] = scratch2_uint % 80, mem[0x49E] = scratch2_uint / 80); // CRT cursor position
port == 0x3B5 && io_ports[0x3B4] == 1 && (GRAPHICS_X = *source * 16); // Hercules resolution reprogramming. Defaults are set in the BIOS
port == 0x3B5 && io_ports[0x3B4] == 6 && (GRAPHICS_Y = *source * 4);
}
static size_t
code_to_utf8(unsigned char *const buffer,
const unsigned short code)
{
if (code <= 0x7F) {
buffer[0] = code;
return 1;
}
if (code <= 0x7FF) {
buffer[0] = 0xC0 | (code >> 6); /* 110xxxxx */
buffer[1] = 0x80 | (code & 0x3F); /* 10xxxxxx */
return 2;
}
buffer[0] = 0xE0 | (code >> 12); /* 1110xxxx */
buffer[1] = 0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F); /* 10xxxxxx */
buffer[2] = 0x80 | (code & 0x3F); /* 10xxxxxx */
return 3;
}
// Emulator entry point
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
#ifndef NO_GRAPHICS
// Initialise SDL
SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_AUDIO);
sdl_audio.callback = audio_callback;
#ifdef _WIN32
sdl_audio.samples = 512;
#endif
SDL_OpenAudio(&sdl_audio, 0);
#endif
// regs16 and reg8 point to F000:0, the start of memory-mapped registers. CS is initialised to F000
regs16 = (unsigned short *)(regs8 = mem + REGS_BASE);
regs16[REG_CS] = 0xF000;
// Trap flag off
regs8[FLAG_TF] = 0;
// Set DL equal to the boot device: 0 for the FD, or 0x80 for the HD. Normally, boot from the FD.
// But, if the HD image file is prefixed with @, then boot from the HD
regs8[REG_DL] = ((argc > 3) && (*argv[3] == '@')) ? argv[3]++, 0x80 : 0;
// Open BIOS (file id disk[2]), floppy disk image (disk[1]), and hard disk image (disk[0]) if specified
for (file_index = 3; file_index;)
disk[--file_index] = *++argv ? open(*argv, 32898) : 0;
// Set CX:AX equal to the hard disk image size, if present
CAST(unsigned)regs16[REG_AX] = *disk ? lseek(*disk, 0, 2) >> 9 : 0;
// Load BIOS image into F000:0100, and set IP to 0100
read(disk[2], regs8 + (reg_ip = reg_ip_before_rep_trace = 0x100), 0xFF00);
// Load instruction decoding helper table
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < 256; j++)
bios_table_lookup[i][j] = regs8[regs16[0x81 + i] + j];
// Instruction execution loop. Terminates if CS:IP = 0:0
for (; opcode_stream = mem + 16 * regs16[REG_CS] + reg_ip, opcode_stream != mem;)
{
#ifdef XMS_DEBUG
if (opcode_stream[0] == 0xEB &&
opcode_stream[1] == 0x3 &&
opcode_stream[2] == 0x90 &&
opcode_stream[3] == 0x90 &&
opcode_stream[4] == 0x90) {
printf("xms call ax=%04Xh dx=%04Xh bx=%04Xh\r\n",
regs16[REG_AX], regs16[REG_DX], regs16[REG_BX]);
}
#endif
setting_ss = 0;
// Set up variables to prepare for decoding an opcode
set_opcode(*opcode_stream);
// Extract i_w and i_d fields from instruction
i_w = (i_reg4bit = raw_opcode_id & 7) & 1;
i_d = i_reg4bit / 2 & 1;
// Extract instruction data fields
i_data0 = CAST(short)opcode_stream[1];
shift_count = i_data1 = CAST(short)opcode_stream[2];
i_data2 = CAST(short)opcode_stream[3];
// seg_override_en and rep_override_en contain number of instructions to hold segment override and REP prefix respectively
if (seg_override_en)
seg_override_en--;
if (rep_override_en)
rep_override_en--;
// i_mod_size > 0 indicates that opcode uses i_mod/i_rm/i_reg, so decode them
if (i_mod_size)
{
i_mod = (i_data0 & 0xFF) >> 6;
i_rm = i_data0 & 7;
i_reg = i_data0 / 8 & 7;
if ((!i_mod && i_rm == 6) || (i_mod == 2)) {
i_data2 = CAST(short)opcode_stream[4];
shift_count = opcode_stream[4];
} else if (i_mod != 1) {
i_data2 = i_data1;
} else { // If i_mod is 1, operand is (usually) 8 bits rather than 16 bits
i_data1 = (char)i_data1;
shift_count = opcode_stream[3];
}
DECODE_RM_REG;
}
// Instruction execution unit
switch (xlat_opcode_id)
{
OPCODE_CHAIN 0: // Conditional jump (JAE, JNAE, etc.)
// i_w is the invert flag, e.g. i_w == 1 means JNAE, whereas i_w == 0 means JAE
scratch_uchar = raw_opcode_id / 2 & 7;
reg_ip += (char)i_data0 * (i_w ^ (regs8[bios_table_lookup[TABLE_COND_JUMP_DECODE_A][scratch_uchar]] || regs8[bios_table_lookup[TABLE_COND_JUMP_DECODE_B][scratch_uchar]] || regs8[bios_table_lookup[TABLE_COND_JUMP_DECODE_C][scratch_uchar]] ^ regs8[bios_table_lookup[TABLE_COND_JUMP_DECODE_D][scratch_uchar]]))
OPCODE 1: // MOV reg, imm
i_w = !!(raw_opcode_id & 8);
R_M_OP(mem[GET_REG_ADDR(i_reg4bit)], =, i_data0)
OPCODE 3: // PUSH regs16
R_M_PUSH(regs16[i_reg4bit])
OPCODE 4: // POP regs16
R_M_POP(regs16[i_reg4bit])
OPCODE 2: // INC|DEC regs16
i_w = 1;
i_d = 0;
i_reg = i_reg4bit;
DECODE_RM_REG;
i_reg = extra
OPCODE_CHAIN 5: // INC|DEC|JMP|CALL|PUSH
if (i_reg < 2) // INC|DEC
MEM_OP(op_from_addr, += 1 - 2 * i_reg +, REGS_BASE + 2 * REG_ZERO),
op_source = 1,
set_AF_OF_arith(),
set_OF(op_dest + 1 - i_reg == 1 << (TOP_BIT - 1)),
(xlat_opcode_id == 5) && (set_opcode(0x10), 0); // Decode like ADC
else if (i_reg != 6) // JMP|CALL
i_reg - 3 || R_M_PUSH(regs16[REG_CS]), // CALL (far)
i_reg & 2 && R_M_PUSH(reg_ip + 2 + i_mod*(i_mod != 3) + 2*(!i_mod && i_rm == 6)), // CALL (near or far)
i_reg & 1 && (regs16[REG_CS] = CAST(short)mem[op_from_addr + 2]), // JMP|CALL (far)
R_M_OP(reg_ip, =, mem[op_from_addr]),
set_opcode(0x9A); // Decode like CALL
else // PUSH
R_M_PUSH(mem[rm_addr])
OPCODE 6: // TEST r/m, imm16 / NOT|NEG|MUL|IMUL|DIV|IDIV reg
op_to_addr = op_from_addr;
switch (i_reg)
{
OPCODE_CHAIN 0: // TEST
set_opcode(0x20); // Decode like AND
reg_ip += i_w + 1;
R_M_OP(mem[op_to_addr], &, i_data2)
OPCODE 2: // NOT
OP(=~)
OPCODE 3: // NEG
OP(=-);
op_dest = 0;
set_opcode(0x28); // Decode like SUB
set_CF(op_result > op_dest)
OPCODE 4: // MUL
i_w ? MUL_MACRO(unsigned short, regs16) : MUL_MACRO(unsigned char, regs8)
OPCODE 5: // IMUL
i_w ? MUL_MACRO(short, regs16) : MUL_MACRO(char, regs8)
OPCODE 6: // DIV
i_w ? DIV_MACRO(unsigned short, unsigned, regs16) : DIV_MACRO(unsigned char, unsigned short, regs8)
OPCODE 7: // IDIV
i_w ? DIV_MACRO(short, int, regs16) : DIV_MACRO(char, short, regs8);
}
OPCODE 7: // ADD|OR|ADC|SBB|AND|SUB|XOR|CMP AL/AX, immed
rm_addr = REGS_BASE;
i_data2 = i_data0;
i_mod = 3;
i_reg = extra;
reg_ip--;
OPCODE_CHAIN 8: // ADD|OR|ADC|SBB|AND|SUB|XOR|CMP reg, immed
op_to_addr = rm_addr;
regs16[REG_SCRATCH] = (i_d |= !i_w) ? (char)i_data2 : i_data2;
op_from_addr = REGS_BASE + 2 * REG_SCRATCH;
reg_ip += !i_d + 1;
set_opcode(0x08 * (extra = i_reg));
OPCODE_CHAIN 9: // ADD|OR|ADC|SBB|AND|SUB|XOR|CMP|MOV reg, r/m
switch (extra)
{
OPCODE_CHAIN 0: // ADD
OP(+=),
set_CF(op_result < op_dest)
OPCODE 1: // OR
OP(|=)
OPCODE 2: // ADC
ADC_SBB_MACRO(+)
OPCODE 3: // SBB
ADC_SBB_MACRO(-)
OPCODE 4: // AND
OP(&=)
OPCODE 5: // SUB
OP(-=),
set_CF(op_result > op_dest)
OPCODE 6: // XOR
OP(^=)
OPCODE 7: // CMP
OP(-),
set_CF(op_result > op_dest)
OPCODE 8: // MOV
OP(=);
}
OPCODE 10: // MOV sreg, r/m | POP r/m | LEA reg, r/m
if (!i_w) { // MOV
i_w = 1;
i_reg += 8;
DECODE_RM_REG;
if (i_d && (op_to_addr == REGS_BASE + 2 * REG_CS
|| op_to_addr > REGS_BASE + 2 * REG_DS)) {
pc_interrupt_reset(6);
break;
}
if (!i_d && (op_from_addr > REGS_BASE + 2 * REG_DS)) {
pc_interrupt_reset(6);
break;
}
OP(=);
if (i_d && op_to_addr == REGS_BASE + 2 * REG_SS)
setting_ss = 1;
} else if (!i_d) // LEA
seg_override_en = 1,
seg_override = REG_ZERO,
DECODE_RM_REG,
R_M_OP(mem[op_from_addr], =, rm_addr);
else // POP
R_M_POP(mem[rm_addr])
OPCODE 11: // MOV AL/AX, [loc]
i_mod = i_reg = 0;
i_rm = 6;
i_data1 = i_data0;
DECODE_RM_REG;
MEM_OP(op_from_addr, =, op_to_addr)
OPCODE 12: // ROL|ROR|RCL|RCR|SHL|SHR|???|SAR reg/mem, 1/CL/imm (80186)
scratch2_uint = SIGN_OF(mem[rm_addr]),
scratch_uint = extra ? // xxx reg/mem, imm
MASK_SHIFT_COUNT(shift_count)
: // xxx reg/mem, CL
i_d
? MASK_SHIFT_COUNT(regs8[REG_CL])
: // xxx reg/mem, 1
1;
if (scratch_uint)
{
if (i_reg < 4) // Rotate operations
scratch_uint %= i_reg / 2 + TOP_BIT,
R_M_OP(scratch2_uint, =, mem[rm_addr]);
if (i_reg & 1) // Rotate/shift right operations
R_M_OP_64_EQUALS(mem[rm_addr], >>, scratch_uint);
else // Rotate/shift left operations
R_M_OP_64_EQUALS(mem[rm_addr], <<, scratch_uint);
if (i_reg > 3) // Shift operations
set_flags_type = FLAGS_UPDATE_SZP; // Shift instructions affect SZP
if (i_reg > 4) // SHR or SAR
set_CF((uint64_t)op_dest >> (scratch_uint - 1) & 1);
}
switch (i_reg)
{
OPCODE_CHAIN 0: // ROL
R_M_OP_64_EQUALS(mem[rm_addr], + , scratch2_uint >> (TOP_BIT - scratch_uint));
set_OF(SIGN_OF(op_result) ^ set_CF(op_result & 1))
OPCODE 1: // ROR
scratch2_uint &= (1 << scratch_uint) - 1,
R_M_OP_64_EQUALS(mem[rm_addr], + , scratch2_uint << (TOP_BIT - scratch_uint));
set_OF(SIGN_OF(op_result * 2) ^ set_CF(SIGN_OF(op_result)))
OPCODE 2: // RCL
R_M_OP_64_EQUALS(mem[rm_addr], + ((uint64_t)regs8[FLAG_CF] << (scratch_uint - 1)) + , scratch2_uint >> (1 + TOP_BIT - scratch_uint));
set_OF(SIGN_OF(op_result) ^ set_CF(scratch2_uint & (uint64_t)1 << (TOP_BIT - scratch_uint)))
OPCODE 3: // RCR
R_M_OP_64_EQUALS(mem[rm_addr], + ((uint64_t)regs8[FLAG_CF] << (TOP_BIT - scratch_uint)) + , scratch2_uint << (1 + TOP_BIT - scratch_uint));
set_CF(scratch2_uint & (uint64_t)1 << (scratch_uint - 1));
set_OF(SIGN_OF(op_result) ^ SIGN_OF(op_result * 2))
OPCODE 4: // SHL
set_OF(SIGN_OF(op_result) ^ set_CF(SIGN_OF(op_dest << (scratch_uint - 1))))
OPCODE 5: // SHR
set_OF(SIGN_OF(op_dest))
OPCODE 7: // SAR
scratch_uint < TOP_BIT || set_CF(scratch2_uint);
set_OF(0);
R_M_OP_64_EQUALS(mem[rm_addr], +, scratch2_uint *= ~((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)1 << TOP_BIT) - 1) >> scratch_uint));
}
OPCODE 13: // LOOPxx|JCZX
scratch_uint = !!--regs16[REG_CX];
switch(i_reg4bit)
{
OPCODE_CHAIN 0: // LOOPNZ
scratch_uint &= !regs8[FLAG_ZF]
OPCODE 1: // LOOPZ
scratch_uint &= regs8[FLAG_ZF]
OPCODE 3: // JCXXZ
scratch_uint = !++regs16[REG_CX];
}
reg_ip += scratch_uint*(char)i_data0
OPCODE 14: // JMP | CALL short/near
reg_ip += 3 - i_d;
if (!i_w)
{
if (i_d) // JMP far
reg_ip = 0,
regs16[REG_CS] = i_data2;
else // CALL
R_M_PUSH(reg_ip);
}
reg_ip += i_d && i_w ? (char)i_data0 : i_data0
OPCODE 15: // TEST reg, r/m
MEM_OP(op_from_addr, &, op_to_addr)
OPCODE 16: // XCHG AX, regs16
i_w = 1;
op_to_addr = REGS_BASE;
op_from_addr = GET_REG_ADDR(i_reg4bit);
OPCODE_CHAIN 24: // NOP|XCHG reg, r/m
if (op_to_addr != op_from_addr)
OP(^=),
MEM_OP(op_from_addr, ^=, op_to_addr),
OP(^=)
OPCODE 17: // MOVSx (extra=0)|STOSx (extra=1)|LODSx (extra=2)
scratch2_uint = seg_override_en ? seg_override : REG_DS;
scratch_uint = rep_override_en ? regs16[REG_CX] : 1;
if (trap_flag && scratch_uint > 1) {
reset_ip_after_rep_trace = 1;
scratch_uint = 1;
}
for (; scratch_uint; scratch_uint--)
{
MEM_OP(extra < 2 ? SEGREG(REG_ES, REG_DI,) : REGS_BASE, =, extra & 1 ? REGS_BASE : SEGREG(scratch2_uint, REG_SI,)),
extra & 1 || INDEX_INC(REG_SI),
extra & 2 || INDEX_INC(REG_DI);
rep_override_en && regs16[REG_CX]--;
}
OPCODE 18: // CMPSx (extra=0)|SCASx (extra=1)
scratch2_uint = seg_override_en ? seg_override : REG_DS;
scratch_uint = rep_override_en ? regs16[REG_CX] : 1;
if (trap_flag && scratch_uint > 1) {
reset_ip_after_rep_trace = 1;
scratch_uint = 1;
}
if (scratch_uint)
{
for (; scratch_uint; rep_override_en || scratch_uint--)
{
MEM_OP(extra ? REGS_BASE : SEGREG(scratch2_uint, REG_SI,), -, SEGREG(REG_ES, REG_DI,));
extra || INDEX_INC(REG_SI);
INDEX_INC(REG_DI);
if (rep_override_en) {
if (!(--regs16[REG_CX] && (!op_result == rep_mode))) {
(scratch_uint = 0, reset_ip_after_rep_trace = 0);
} else if (trap_flag) {
scratch_uint = 0;
}
}
}
set_flags_type = FLAGS_UPDATE_SZP | FLAGS_UPDATE_AO_ARITH; // Funge to set SZP/AO flags
set_CF(op_result > op_dest);
}
OPCODE 19: // RET|RETF|IRET
i_d = i_w;
R_M_POP(reg_ip);
if (extra) // IRET|RETF|RETF imm16
R_M_POP(regs16[REG_CS]);
if (extra & 2) // IRET
set_flags(R_M_POP(scratch_uint));
else if (!i_d) // RET|RETF imm16
regs16[REG_SP] += i_data0
OPCODE 20: // MOV r/m, immed
R_M_OP(mem[op_from_addr], =, i_data2)
OPCODE 21: // IN AL/AX, DX/imm8
scratch_uint = extra ? regs16[REG_DX] : (uint8_t)i_data0;
callin(®s8[REG_AL], scratch_uint);
OPCODE 22: // OUT DX/imm8, AL/AX
scratch_uint = extra ? regs16[REG_DX] : (uint8_t)i_data0;
callout(®s8[REG_AL], scratch_uint);
OPCODE 23: // REPxx
rep_override_en = 2;
rep_mode = i_w;
seg_override_en && seg_override_en++
OPCODE 25: // PUSH reg
R_M_PUSH(regs16[extra])
OPCODE 26: // POP reg
R_M_POP(regs16[extra]);
if ((void*)®s16[extra] == (void*)&mem[REGS_BASE + 2 * REG_SS])
setting_ss = 1;
OPCODE 27: // xS: segment overrides
seg_override_en = 2;
seg_override = extra;
rep_override_en && rep_override_en++
OPCODE 28: // DAA/DAS
i_w = 0;
if (extra) DAA_DAS(-=, >); else DAA_DAS(+=, <) // extra = 0 for DAA, 1 for DAS
OPCODE 29: // AAA/AAS
op_result = AAA_AAS(extra - 1)
OPCODE 30: // CBW
regs8[REG_AH] = -SIGN_OF(regs8[REG_AL])
OPCODE 31: // CWD
regs16[REG_DX] = -SIGN_OF(regs16[REG_AX])
OPCODE 32: // CALL FAR imm16:imm16
R_M_PUSH(regs16[REG_CS]);
R_M_PUSH(reg_ip + 5);
regs16[REG_CS] = i_data2;
reg_ip = i_data0
OPCODE 33: // PUSHF
make_flags();
R_M_PUSH(scratch_uint)
OPCODE 34: // POPF
set_flags(R_M_POP(scratch_uint))
OPCODE 35: // SAHF
make_flags();
set_flags((scratch_uint & 0xFF00) + regs8[REG_AH])
OPCODE 36: // LAHF
make_flags(),
regs8[REG_AH] = scratch_uint
OPCODE 37: // LES|LDS reg, r/m
if (i_mod == 3) {
pc_interrupt_reset(6);
break;
}
i_w = i_d = 1;
DECODE_RM_REG;
OP(=);
MEM_OP(REGS_BASE + extra, =, rm_addr + 2)
OPCODE 38: // INT 3
++reg_ip;
pc_interrupt(3)
OPCODE 39: // INT imm8
reg_ip += 2;
pc_interrupt(i_data0)
OPCODE 40: // INTO
++reg_ip;
regs8[FLAG_OF] && pc_interrupt(4)
OPCODE 41: // AAM
if (i_data0 &= 0xFF)
regs8[REG_AH] = regs8[REG_AL] / i_data0,
op_result = regs8[REG_AL] %= i_data0;
else // Divide by zero
pc_interrupt_reset(0)
OPCODE 42: // AAD
i_w = 0;
regs16[REG_AX] = op_result = 0xFF & regs8[REG_AL] + i_data0 * regs8[REG_AH]
OPCODE 43: // SALC
regs8[REG_AL] = -regs8[FLAG_CF]
OPCODE 44: // XLAT
regs8[REG_AL] = mem[SEGREG(seg_override_en ? seg_override : REG_DS, REG_BX, regs8[REG_AL] +)]
OPCODE 45: // CMC
regs8[FLAG_CF] ^= 1
OPCODE 46: // CLC|STC|CLI|STI|CLD|STD
regs8[extra / 2] = extra & 1
OPCODE 47: // TEST AL/AX, immed
R_M_OP(regs8[REG_AL], &, i_data0)
OPCODE 48: // Emulator-specific 0F xx opcodes
switch ((char)i_data0)
{
OPCODE_CHAIN 0: { // PUTCHAR_AL
unsigned char buf[3];
unsigned len;
len = code_to_utf8(buf, cp437_to_utf16[*regs8]);
write(1, buf, len);
}
OPCODE 1: // GET_RTC
time(&clock_buf);
ftime(&ms_clock);
memcpy(mem + SEGREG(REG_ES, REG_BX,), localtime(&clock_buf), sizeof(struct tm));
CAST(short)mem[SEGREG(REG_ES, REG_BX, 36+)] = ms_clock.millitm;
OPCODE 2: // DISK_READ
OPCODE_CHAIN 3: // DISK_WRITE
regs8[REG_AL] = ~lseek(disk[regs8[REG_DL]], CAST(unsigned)regs16[REG_BP] << 9, 0)
? ((char)i_data0 == 3 ? (int(*)())write : (int(*)())read)(disk[regs8[REG_DL]], mem + SEGREG(REG_ES, REG_BX,), regs16[REG_AX])
: 0;
OPCODE 4: // XMS
callxms();
}
if ((uint8_t)i_data0 == 11 // ud2
|| (uint8_t)i_data0 >= 32)
pc_interrupt_reset(6);
OPCODE 100: // HLT
hlt_this_time = 1;
OPCODE 101: // PUSH imm16
R_M_PUSH(i_data0);
OPCODE 102: // PUSH imm8
scratch_uint = (int16_t)(int8_t)i_data0;
R_M_PUSH(scratch_uint);
OPCODE 103: // FPU instructions - no ops
OPCODE 104: // PUSHA
scratch_uint = regs16[REG_SP];
R_M_PUSH(regs16[REG_AX]);
R_M_PUSH(regs16[REG_CX]);
R_M_PUSH(regs16[REG_DX]);
R_M_PUSH(regs16[REG_BX]);
R_M_PUSH(scratch_uint);
R_M_PUSH(regs16[REG_BP]);
R_M_PUSH(regs16[REG_SI]);
R_M_PUSH(regs16[REG_DI]);
OPCODE 105: // POPA
R_M_POP(regs16[REG_DI]);
R_M_POP(regs16[REG_SI]);
R_M_POP(regs16[REG_BP]);
R_M_POP(scratch_uint);
R_M_POP(regs16[REG_BX]);
R_M_POP(regs16[REG_DX]);
R_M_POP(regs16[REG_CX]);
R_M_POP(regs16[REG_AX]);
OPCODE 106: // ENTER
R_M_PUSH(regs16[REG_BP]);
scratch_uint = regs16[REG_SP];
scratch_int = (uint8_t)i_data2 & 31;
if (scratch_int > 0) {
for (; scratch_int > 1; --scratch_int) {
regs16[REG_BP] -= 2;
R_M_PUSH(CAST(uint16_t)mem[SEGREG(REG_SS, REG_BP,)]);
}
R_M_PUSH(scratch_uint);
}
regs16[REG_BP] = scratch_uint;
regs16[REG_SP] -= i_data0;
OPCODE 107: // LEAVE
regs16[REG_SP] = regs16[REG_BP];
R_M_POP(regs16[REG_BP]);
OPCODE 108: // IMUL r,r/m,imm16 / imm8
i_w = 1;
i_d = 1;
DECODE_RM_REG;
op_to_addr = op_from_addr;
#ifdef IMUL_DEBUG
printf("imul extra=%u op_to_addr=%08Xh "
"i_data2=%04Xh i_reg=%u ",
extra, op_to_addr, i_data2, i_reg);
#endif
if (extra) {
;
#ifdef IMUL_DEBUG
printf("w ");
#endif
} else {
i_data2 = (int16_t)(int8_t)i_data2;
#ifdef IMUL_DEBUG
printf("b ");
#endif
}
R_M_OP(mem[op_to_addr], *, i_data2);
#ifdef IMUL_DEBUG
printf("i_data2(cast)=%04X op_result=%08Xh\r\n",
i_data2, op_result);
#endif
regs16[i_reg] = op_result;
set_OF(set_CF((int32_t)op_result
- (int32_t)(int16_t)op_result));
OPCODE 109: // BOUND
if (i_mod == 3) {
pc_interrupt_reset(6);
break;
}
i_w = 1;
i_d = 0;
DECODE_RM_REG;
// op_to_addr = mem operand
// op_from_addr = reg operand
if ((CAST(int16_t)mem[op_from_addr]
< CAST(int16_t)mem[op_to_addr])
|| (CAST(int16_t)mem[op_from_addr]
> CAST(int16_t)mem[op_to_addr + 2]))
pc_interrupt_reset(5);
OPCODE 110: // INSx (extra=1), OUTSx (extra=2)
scratch2_uint = seg_override_en ? seg_override : REG_DS;
scratch_uint = rep_override_en ? regs16[REG_CX] : 1;
if (trap_flag && scratch_uint > 1) {
reset_ip_after_rep_trace = 1;
scratch_uint = 1;
}
for (; scratch_uint; scratch_uint--)
{
if (extra == 1)
callin(&mem[SEGREG(REG_ES, REG_DI,)], regs16[REG_DX]);
else
callout(&mem[SEGREG(scratch2_uint, REG_SI,)], regs16[REG_DX]);
extra & 1 || INDEX_INC(REG_SI),
extra & 2 || INDEX_INC(REG_DI);
rep_override_en && regs16[REG_CX]--;
}
OPCODE 111: // LOCK prefix
seg_override_en && seg_override_en++;
rep_override_en && rep_override_en++;
OPCODE 112: // INT1
++reg_ip;
pc_interrupt(1);
break; default:
#ifdef INT6_DEBUG
printf("Interrupt 6 at %04X:%04X = %02X %02X %02X %02X\r\n",
regs16[REG_CS], reg_ip,
opcode_stream[0],
opcode_stream[1],
opcode_stream[2],
opcode_stream[3]);
#endif
pc_interrupt_reset(6);
}
if (xlat_opcode_id != 23
&& xlat_opcode_id != 27
&& xlat_opcode_id != 111) {
rep_override_en = seg_override_en = 0;
if (prior_setting_ss)
setting_ss = 0;
prior_setting_ss = setting_ss;
}
// Increment instruction pointer by computed instruction length. Tables in the BIOS binary
// help us here.
reg_ip += (i_mod*(i_mod != 3) + 2*(!i_mod && i_rm == 6))*i_mod_size + bios_table_lookup[TABLE_BASE_INST_SIZE][raw_opcode_id] + bios_table_lookup[TABLE_I_W_SIZE][raw_opcode_id]*(i_w + 1);
if (reset_ip_after_rep_trace) {
reg_ip = reg_ip_before_rep_trace;
reset_ip_after_rep_trace = 0;
}
// If instruction needs to update SF, ZF and PF, set them as appropriate
if (set_flags_type & FLAGS_UPDATE_SZP)
{
regs8[FLAG_SF] = SIGN_OF(op_result);
regs8[FLAG_ZF] = !op_result;
regs8[FLAG_PF] = bios_table_lookup[TABLE_PARITY_FLAG][(unsigned char)op_result];
// If instruction is an arithmetic or logic operation, also set AF/OF/CF as appropriate.
if (set_flags_type & FLAGS_UPDATE_AO_ARITH)
set_AF_OF_arith();
if (set_flags_type & FLAGS_UPDATE_OC_LOGIC)
set_CF(0), set_OF(0);
}
// Poll timer/keyboard every KEYBOARD_TIMER_UPDATE_DELAY instructions
if (!setting_ss &&
(++keyboard_timer_inst_counter >= KEYBOARD_TIMER_UPDATE_DELAY)) {
keyboard_timer_inst_counter = 0;
hlt_this_time = 0;
int8_asap = 1;
}
#ifndef NO_GRAPHICS
// Update the video graphics display every GRAPHICS_UPDATE_DELAY instructions
if (!setting_ss &&
(++graphics_inst_counter >= GRAPHICS_UPDATE_DELAY))
{
graphics_inst_counter = 0;
hlt_this_time = 0;
// Video card in graphics mode?
if (io_ports[0x3B8] & 2)
{
// If we don't already have an SDL window open, set it up and compute color and video memory translation tables
if (!sdl_screen)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
pixel_colors[i] = mem[0x4AC] ? // CGA?
cga_colors[(i & 12) >> 2] + (cga_colors[i & 3] << 16) // CGA -> RGB332