[#6481] improve(CLI): Refactor table output format

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/CommandContext.java

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ public class CommandContext {
   private final boolean quiet;
   private final CommandLine line;
   private final String auth;
+  private final int outputLimit;
 
   private String ignoreEnv;
   private boolean ignoreSet = false;
@@ -55,6 +56,8 @@ public CommandContext(CommandLine line) {
             ? line.getOptionValue(GravitinoOptions.OUTPUT)
             : Command.OUTPUT_FORMAT_PLAIN;
     this.quiet = line.hasOption(GravitinoOptions.QUIET);
+    // TODO add limit option to CLI
+    this.outputLimit = -1;
 
     this.url = getUrl();
     this.ignoreVersions = getIgnore();
@@ -115,6 +118,15 @@ public String auth() {
     return auth;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Returns the output limit.
+   *
+   * @return The output limit.
+   */
+  public int outputLimit() {
+    return outputLimit;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Retrieves the Gravitino URL from the command line options or the GRAVITINO_URL environment
    * variable or the Gravitino config file.

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/CatalogDetails.java

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public void handle() {
     try {
       GravitinoClient client = buildClient(metalake);
       result = client.loadCatalog(catalog);
-      output(result);
+      printResults(result);
     } catch (NoSuchMetalakeException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_METALAKE);
     } catch (NoSuchCatalogException err) {

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/Command.java

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 import org.apache.gravitino.cli.KerberosData;
 import org.apache.gravitino.cli.Main;
 import org.apache.gravitino.cli.OAuthData;
+import org.apache.gravitino.cli.outputs.BaseOutputFormat;
 import org.apache.gravitino.cli.outputs.PlainFormat;
 import org.apache.gravitino.cli.outputs.TableFormat;
 import org.apache.gravitino.client.DefaultOAuth2TokenProvider;
@@ -89,16 +90,26 @@ public void printInformation(String message) {
       return;
     }
 
-    System.out.print(message);
+    printResults(message);
   }
 
   /**
-   * Prints out an a results of a command.
+   * Outputs the entity result to the console.
+   *
+   * @param entity The entity to output.
+   * @param <T> The type of entity.
+   */
+  public <T> void printResults(T entity) {
+    output(entity);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Prints out the string result of a command.
    *
    * @param results The results to display.
    */
   public void printResults(String results) {
-    System.out.print(results);
+    BaseOutputFormat.output(results, System.out);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -226,14 +237,14 @@ protected <T extends GravitinoClientBase> Builder<T> constructClient(Builder<T>
    */
   protected <T> void output(T entity) {
     if (outputFormat == null) {
-      PlainFormat.output(entity);
+      PlainFormat.output(entity, context);
       return;
     }
 
     if (outputFormat.equals(OUTPUT_FORMAT_TABLE)) {
-      TableFormat.output(entity);
+      TableFormat.output(entity, context);
     } else if (outputFormat.equals(OUTPUT_FORMAT_PLAIN)) {
-      PlainFormat.output(entity);
+      PlainFormat.output(entity, context);
     } else {
       throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported output format");
     }

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ListCatalogs.java

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public void handle() {
     try {
       GravitinoClient client = buildClient(metalake);
       catalogs = client.listCatalogsInfo();
-      output(catalogs);
+      printResults(catalogs);
     } catch (NoSuchMetalakeException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_METALAKE);
     } catch (Exception exp) {

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ListMetalakes.java

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public void handle() {
     try {
       GravitinoAdminClient client = buildAdminClient();
       metalakes = client.listMetalakes();
-      output(metalakes);
+      printResults(metalakes);
     } catch (Exception exp) {
       exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
     }

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/MetalakeDetails.java

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public void handle() {
     try {
       GravitinoClient client = buildClient(metalake);
       Metalake metalakeEntity = client.loadMetalake(metalake);
-      output(metalakeEntity);
+      printResults(metalakeEntity);
     } catch (NoSuchMetalakeException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_METALAKE);
     } catch (Exception exp) {

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/outputs/BaseOutputFormat.java

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.gravitino.cli.outputs;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import org.apache.gravitino.cli.CommandContext;
+
+/**
+ * Abstract base implementation of {@link OutputFormat} interface providing common functionality for
+ * various output format implementations. This class handles basic output operations and provides
+ * configurable behavior for quiet mode, output limiting.
+ */
+public abstract class BaseOutputFormat<T> implements OutputFormat<T> {
+  protected int limit;
+  protected CommandContext context;
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new {@link BaseOutputFormat} with specified configuration.
+   *
+   * @param context the command context, must not be null;
+   */
+  public BaseOutputFormat(CommandContext context) {
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(context, "CommandContext cannot be null");
+    this.context = context;
+    this.limit = context.outputLimit();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Outputs a message to the specified OutputStream. This method handles both system streams
+   * ({@code System.out}, {@code System.err}) and regular output streams differently: - For system
+   * streams: Preserves the stream open after writing - For other streams: Automatically closes the
+   * stream after writing
+   *
+   * @param message the message to output, must not be null
+   * @param os the output stream to write to, must not be null If this is {@code System.out} or
+   *     {@code System.err}, the stream will not be closed
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either message or os is null
+   * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs during writing
+   */
+  public static void output(String message, OutputStream os) {
+    if (message == null || os == null) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "Message and OutputStream cannot be null, message: " + message + ", os: " + os);
+    }
+    boolean isSystemStream = (os == System.out || os == System.err);
+
+    try {
+      PrintStream printStream =
+          new PrintStream(
+              isSystemStream ? os : new BufferedOutputStream(os),
+              true,
+              StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+
+      try {
+        printStream.println(message);
+        printStream.flush();
+      } finally {
+        if (!isSystemStream) {
+          printStream.close();
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new UncheckedIOException("Failed to write message to output stream", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritDoc} This implementation checks the quiet flag and handles null output gracefully. If
+   * quiet mode is enabled, no output is produced.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void output(T entity) {
+    String outputMessage = getOutput(entity);
+    String output = outputMessage == null ? "" : outputMessage;
+    output(output, System.out);
+  }
+}