GH-39268: [C++] Don't install bundled Azure SDK for C++ with CMake 3.…

…28+ (#39269)

### Rationale for this change

We can implement this by specifying `EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL TRUE` to `fetchcontent_declare()`.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Specify `EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL TRUE` only with CMake 3.28+.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.
* Closes: #39268

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>

cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake

@@ -1015,6 +1015,10 @@ else()
 endif()
 
 include(FetchContent)
+set(FC_DECLARE_COMMON_OPTIONS)
+if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 3.28)
+  list(APPEND FC_DECLARE_COMMON_OPTIONS EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL TRUE)
+endif()
 
 macro(prepare_fetchcontent)
   set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS OFF)
@@ -2146,6 +2150,9 @@ function(build_gtest)
   message(STATUS "Building gtest from source")
   set(GTEST_VENDORED TRUE)
   fetchcontent_declare(googletest
+                       # We should not specify "EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL TRUE" here.
+                       # Because we install GTest with custom path.
+                       # ${FC_DECLARE_COMMON_OPTIONS}
                        URL ${GTEST_SOURCE_URL}
                        URL_HASH "SHA256=${ARROW_GTEST_BUILD_SHA256_CHECKSUM}")
   prepare_fetchcontent()
@@ -5096,8 +5103,7 @@ function(build_azure_sdk)
   endif()
   message(STATUS "Building Azure SDK for C++ from source")
   fetchcontent_declare(azure_sdk
-                       # EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL is available since CMake 3.28
-                       # EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL TRUE
+                       ${FC_DECLARE_COMMON_OPTIONS}
                        URL ${ARROW_AZURE_SDK_URL}
                        URL_HASH "SHA256=${ARROW_AZURE_SDK_BUILD_SHA256_CHECKSUM}")
   prepare_fetchcontent()