diff --git a/arrow/compute/exprs/exec_test.go b/arrow/compute/exprs/exec_test.go
index c2a1c27b..96863280 100644
--- a/arrow/compute/exprs/exec_test.go
+++ b/arrow/compute/exprs/exec_test.go
@@ -27,8 +27,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/apache/arrow-go/v18/arrow/array"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow-go/v18/arrow/compute"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow-go/v18/arrow/compute/exprs"
+	"github.com/apache/arrow-go/v18/arrow/extensions"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow-go/v18/arrow/memory"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow-go/v18/arrow/scalar"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"github.com/substrait-io/substrait-go/expr"
@@ -135,8 +137,12 @@ func TestComparisons(t *testing.T) {
 		one  = scalar.MakeScalar(int32(1))
 		two  = scalar.MakeScalar(int32(2))
 
-		str = scalar.MakeScalar("hello")
-		bin = scalar.MakeScalar([]byte("hello"))
+		str           = scalar.MakeScalar("hello")
+		bin           = scalar.MakeScalar([]byte("hello"))
+		exampleUUID   = uuid.MustParse("102cb62f-e6f8-4eb0-9973-d9b012ff0967")
+		uidStorage, _ = scalar.MakeScalarParam(exampleUUID[:],
+			&arrow.FixedSizeBinaryType{ByteWidth: 16})
+		uid = scalar.NewExtensionScalar(uidStorage, extensions.NewUUIDType())
 	)
 
 	getArgType := func(dt arrow.DataType) types.Type {
@@ -147,6 +153,8 @@ func TestComparisons(t *testing.T) {
 			return &types.StringType{}
 		case arrow.BINARY:
 			return &types.BinaryType{}
+		case arrow.EXTENSION:
+			return &types.UUIDType{}
 		}
 		panic("wtf")
 	}
@@ -183,6 +191,7 @@ func TestComparisons(t *testing.T) {
 
 	expect(t, "equal", one, one, true)
 	expect(t, "equal", one, two, false)
+	expect(t, "equal", uid, uid, true)
 	expect(t, "less", one, two, true)
 	expect(t, "less", one, zero, false)
 	expect(t, "greater", one, zero, true)
diff --git a/arrow/compute/scalar_compare_test.go b/arrow/compute/scalar_compare_test.go
index ba7e110f..c769b458 100644
--- a/arrow/compute/scalar_compare_test.go
+++ b/arrow/compute/scalar_compare_test.go
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/apache/arrow-go/v18/arrow/compute"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow-go/v18/arrow/compute/exec"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow-go/v18/arrow/compute/internal/kernels"
+	"github.com/apache/arrow-go/v18/arrow/extensions"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow-go/v18/arrow/internal/testing/gen"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow-go/v18/arrow/memory"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow-go/v18/arrow/scalar"
@@ -1289,6 +1290,8 @@ func TestCompareKernelsDispatchBest(t *testing.T) {
 			&arrow.Decimal128Type{Precision: 3, Scale: 2}, &arrow.Decimal128Type{Precision: 21, Scale: 2}},
 		{arrow.PrimitiveTypes.Int64, &arrow.Decimal128Type{Precision: 3, Scale: 2},
 			&arrow.Decimal128Type{Precision: 21, Scale: 2}, &arrow.Decimal128Type{Precision: 3, Scale: 2}},
+
+		{extensions.NewUUIDType(), extensions.NewUUIDType(), &arrow.FixedSizeBinaryType{ByteWidth: 16}, &arrow.FixedSizeBinaryType{ByteWidth: 16}},
 	}
 
 	for _, name := range []string{"equal", "not_equal", "less", "less_equal", "greater", "greater_equal"} {
diff --git a/parquet/pqarrow/encode_arrow_test.go b/parquet/pqarrow/encode_arrow_test.go
index 1ff1710b..b79734e1 100644
--- a/parquet/pqarrow/encode_arrow_test.go
+++ b/parquet/pqarrow/encode_arrow_test.go
@@ -2057,6 +2057,8 @@ func (ps *ParquetIOTestSuite) TestArrowExtensionTypeRoundTrip() {
 	defer tbl.Release()
 
 	ps.roundTripTable(mem, tbl, true)
+	// ensure we get UUID back even without storing the schema
+	ps.roundTripTable(mem, tbl, false)
 }
 
 func (ps *ParquetIOTestSuite) TestArrowUnknownExtensionTypeRoundTrip() {
diff --git a/parquet/pqarrow/schema.go b/parquet/pqarrow/schema.go
index 67631ed2..9930a15b 100644
--- a/parquet/pqarrow/schema.go
+++ b/parquet/pqarrow/schema.go
@@ -987,13 +987,15 @@ func applyOriginalStorageMetadata(origin arrow.Field, inferred *SchemaField) (mo
 			return
 		}
 
-		if !arrow.TypeEqual(extType.StorageType(), inferred.Field.Type) {
-			return modified, fmt.Errorf("%w: mismatch storage type '%s' for extension type '%s'",
-				arrow.ErrInvalid, inferred.Field.Type, extType)
-		}
+		if modified || !arrow.TypeEqual(extType, inferred.Field.Type) {
+			if !arrow.TypeEqual(extType.StorageType(), inferred.Field.Type) {
+				return modified, fmt.Errorf("%w: mismatch storage type '%s' for extension type '%s'",
+					arrow.ErrInvalid, inferred.Field.Type, extType)
+			}
 
-		inferred.Field.Type = extType
-		modified = true
+			inferred.Field.Type = extType
+			modified = true
+		}
 	case arrow.SPARSE_UNION, arrow.DENSE_UNION:
 		err = xerrors.New("unimplemented type")
 	case arrow.STRUCT: