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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
<?xml-stylesheet href="homepage.xsl" type="text/xsl"?>
<!DOCTYPE homepage [
<!ENTITY primer '<a href="http://ruleml.org/papers/Primer/">Primer</a>'>
<!ENTITY content-models '<a href="./xsd/content_models_10.pdf">Content Models</a>'>
<!ENTITY glossary '<a href="./glossary/">Glossary</a>'>
<!ENTITY xsd-schemas '<a href="./xsd/"><abbr>XSD</abbr> Schemas</a>'>
<!ENTITY relaxng-schemas '<a href="./relaxng/">Relax NG Schemas</a>'>
<!ENTITY normalizer '<a href="./xslt/normalizer/">Normalizer</a>'>
<!ENTITY upgrader '<a href="./xslt/upgrader/">Upgrader</a>'>
<!ENTITY implementations '<a href="http://wiki.ruleml.org/index.php/RuleML_Implementations">Implementations</a>'>
<!ENTITY myng '<a href="./myng/"><acronym title="Modular sYNtax confiGurator">MYNG</acronym></a>'>
<!ENTITY overarching '<a href="http://cs.unb.ca/~boley/papers/RuleML-Overarching.pdf">Overarching</a>'>
]>
<!-- Written by Harold Boley -->
<homepage>
<title>RuleML Homepage</title>
<opening>
<center>
<a href="http://www.ruleml.org">
<img src="http://www.ruleml.org/images/RuleMLlogo2005.jpg" border="none" alt="RuleML"/>
</a>
<!--
<big>
<box bgcolor="#CCCCFF"><code><![CDATA[
->]]></code></box>
<box bgcolor="#FFCCCC">R u l e M L</box>
<box bgcolor="#CCCCFF"><code><![CDATA[
<-]]></code></box>
</big>
-->
<br/>
<h1>The Rule Markup Initiative</h1>
</center>
<br/>
<p> The RuleML Initiative is an international non-profit organization covering all aspects of
Web rules and their interoperation, with a <a href="#Structure">Structure</a> and Technical
Groups that center on RuleML specification, tool, and application development. Around RuleML,
an open network of individuals and groups from both industry and academia has emerged, having
a shared interest in modern rule topics, including the interoperation of Semantic Web rules.
The RuleML Initiative has been collaborating with OASIS on <a href="http://www.legalxml.org/"
>Legal XML</a>, <a href="http://policy.ruleml.org/">Policy RuleML</a>, <a
href="http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=legalruleml"
>LegalRuleML</a>, and related efforts since 2004. The Initiative has further been
interacting with the developers of ISO Common Logic (<a href="http://cl.tamu.edu/">CL</a>),
which became an International Standard, First edition, in October 2007. RuleML is also a
member of OMG, contributing to its Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Business Rules (<a
href="http://www.omg.org/spec/SBVR/">SBVR</a>), which went into Version 1.0 in January 2008,
and to its Production Rule Representation (<a href="http://www.omg.org/spec/PRR/">PRR</a>),
which went into Version 1.0 in December 2009. Moreover, participants of the RuleML Initiative
have supported the development of the W3C Rule Interchange Format (<a
href="http://www.w3.org/2005/rules/wiki/RIF_Working_Group">RIF</a>), which attained
Recommendation status in June 2010. The annual <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RuleML_Symposium">RuleML Symposium</a> has taken the lead
in bringing together delegates from industry and academia who share this interest focus in Web
rules. </p>
<p> RuleML (Rule Markup Language, which has also become a Rule Modeling Language and a <a
href="http://ruleml.org/metalogic/">Rule MetaLogic</a>) is a unifying family of
XML-serialized rule languages spanning across all industrially relevant kinds of Web rules. As
a research-based language family, RuleML acts as the connector between <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2005/rules/wiki/RIF_Working_Group">RIF</a> -- via the emerging <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2005/rules/wiki/RIF_FAQ#What_is_the_relationship_between_RuleML_and_RIF.3F"
>RIF RuleML</a> subfamily -- and <a href="http://common-logic.org/">Common Logic</a> -- via
the planned <a href="http://philebus.tamu.edu/pipermail/cl/2010-October/002179.html">CL
RuleML</a> subfamily. As an industry-focused de facto standard, RuleML has become the
overarching specification of Web rules crosss-fertilizing with corresponding OMG
specifications (mainly <a href="http://www.omg.org/spec/SBVR/">SBVR</a> and <a
href="http://www.omg.org/spec/PRR/">PRR</a>) and constituting the foundation of an OASIS
specification (<a
href="http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=legalruleml"
>LegalRuleML</a>). Through its participation in <a href="http://www.w3.org/Submission/SWRL/"
>SWRL</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Submission/SWSF-SWSL/">SWSL</a>, RuleML has already
accommodated and extended other rule languages, building interoperation bridges between them.
The current <a href="#Specification">Specification</a> of RuleML is <a href="/1.0/">Version
1.0</a>. </p>
</opening>
<mission>
<!-- rename to resources in .xslt and .xml -->
<header>Resources</header>
<p>
<b>Mission Statement:</b>
<p> The goal of the Rule Markup Initiative is to develop RuleML as the canonical Web language
for rules using XML markup, formal semantics, and efficient implementations. </p>
<p> RuleML covers the entire rule spectrum, from derivation rules to transformation rules to
reaction rules. RuleML can thus specify queries and inferences in Web ontologies, mappings
between Web ontologies, and dynamic Web behaviors of workflows, services, and agents. </p>
<br/>
<b>Mission Approach:</b>
<p> Rather than focusing on academic research prototypes, RuleML is about rule interoperation
between industry standards (such as JSR 94, SQL'99, OCL, BPMI, WSFL, XLang, XQuery, RQL,
OWL, DAML-S, and ISO Prolog) as well as established systems (CLIPS, Jess, ILOG JRules, Blaze
Advisor, Versata, MQWorkFlow, BizTalk, Savvion, etc.). </p>
<p> The Initiative develops a modular RuleML specification and transformations from and to
other rule standards/systems. Moreover, it coordinates the development of tools to elicit,
maintain, and execute RuleML rules. It also collects use cases, e.g. on business rules and
reactive services. </p>
<br/>
<b>Primer:</b>
<p> The <a href="http://www.ruleml.org/papers/Primer">RuleML Primer</a> has its current focus
on the Datalog sublanguage, developing the discount example from its parts. </p>
<br/>
<b>Lists/Groups:</b>
<itemize>
<!--- URLs are cPanel-specific, and should be changed if the Mailman implementation is changed,
and especially if the private ruleml-all archive is made public.
All the mailman lists are accessible from http://ruleml.org/mailman/listinfo
-->
<item>
Subscribe to our main mailing list <a href="http://ruleml.org/mailman/listinfo/ruleml-all_ruleml.org"
>ruleml-all</a>: <a
href="http://ruleml.org/mailman/private/ruleml-all_ruleml.org/">Archives</a> are available to subscribers. </item>
<item> Get up to date with the Fuzzy RuleML TG mailing list: <a
href="http://ruleml.org/mailman/listinfo/fuzzy-tg_ruleml.org">fuzzy-tg</a>. </item>
<item> Peek into the Reaction Rules TG mailing list: <a
href="http://ruleml.org/mailman/listinfo/reaction-tg_ruleml.org">reaction-tg</a>. </item>
<item>
Consider to
join the engine mailing list: <a href="http://wdc006.hawkhost.com/mailman/listinfo/jdrew-all_jdrew.org"
>jdrew-all</a>. </item>
<!--<item> Make an exception to participate in the Defeasible Rules mailing list:
<a href="http://ruleml.org/mailman/listinfo/defeasible-tg_ruleml.org">defeasible-tg</a>.
</item>-->
<item> Discuss Web rule-based agents on the Rule Responder TG mailing list: <a
href="http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/Rule_Responder/">responder-tg</a>. </item>
<item> Join the LinkedIn RuleML group or some of its subgroups: <a
href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups/RuleML-Group-2190838/about">LinkedIn RuleML group</a>.
</item>
</itemize>
</p>
<br/>
<b>Challenge Demos:</b>
<p> The page for <b><a href="http://ruleml-challenge.cs.nccu.edu.tw/?q=submitform">RuleML
Challenge Demos</a></b> has been created by the research group of <a
href="http://www.cs.nccu.edu.tw/~jong/">Yuh-Jong Hu</a> from the <a
href="http://www.cs.nccu.edu.tw/">Department of Computer Science</a> at the National
Chengchi University (<a href="http://www.nccu.edu.tw/">NCCU</a>), Taipei, Taiwan, where it is
being maintained by Jack. </p>
</mission>
<news>
<header>News-Events</header>
<itemize>
<item>The earlier <a href="inews.html">RuleML News-Events Archive</a> currently also keeps all previous news until 2013-07-11.</item>
<item><b><big>Please see the RuleML Wiki <a href="http://wiki.ruleml.org/index.php/News:Master">News-Events Page</a> for all news.</big></b>
</item>
</itemize>
</news>
<section label="Initiative">
<header>The Initiative</header>
<p> The <a href="#Participants-Logos">participants</a> of the RuleML Initiative constitute an
open network of individuals and groups from both industry and academia. We are not commencing
from zero but have done some work related to rule markup or have actually proposed some
specific tag set for rules. Our main objective is to provide a basis for an integrated
rule-markup approach that will be beneficial to all involved and to the rule community at
large. This shall be achieved by having all participants collaborate in establishing
translations between existing tag sets and in converging on a shared rule-markup vocabulary.
This RuleML kernel language can serve as a specification for immediate rule interchange and
can be gradually extended - possibly together with <a href="#Related">related initiatives</a>
- towards a proposal that could be submitted to the <a href="http://www.w3.org/">W3C</a>. </p>
</section>
<section label="Uses">
<header>Uses</header>
<box bgcolor="#CCCCFF">
<a name="Example-English"/> If you want to review rule principles, (then) you may look at <a
href="http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~sxp/ES3/index.htm">Rule-Based Expert Systems</a>. (<a
href="insteps.html#Example-RuleML">BTW, this is itself a simple rule</a>.) If you want to
review XML principles, you may go to the beginning of <a
href="http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/km/knowmark/">Knowledge Markup Techniques</a>. </box>
<p> Rules are being used for many interconnected purposes, capturing regularities in application
domains such as the following: <itemize>
<item>Engineering: Diagnosis rules (also model-based approaches appreciate and combine with
rules, as described by Adnan Darwiche in <a
href="http://www.cs.ucla.edu/~darwiche/realize.ps">Model-based diagnosis under
real-world constraints</a>, AI Magazine, Summer 2000) </item>
<item>Commerce: Business rules (including XML versions such as the Business Rules Markup
Language (<a href="http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/brml.html">BRML</a>) of IBM's <a
href="http://www.research.ibm.com/rules/home.html">Business Rules for Electronic
Commerce</a> project) </item>
<item>Law: Legal reasoning (Robert Kowalski and Marek Sergot have been formalizing legal
rules in an <a href="http://www-lp.doc.ic.ac.uk/ProjectPages/legal.html">Imperial College
group</a>) </item>
<item>Internet: Access authentication (Tim Berners-Lee proposed registration engines that
use authentication rules <a href="http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Inconsistent.html">such
as the following</a>: Any person who was some time in the last 2 months an employee of
an organization which was some time in the last 2 months a W3C member may register.)
</item>
</itemize> Rather than reinventing rule principles and markups in each such community, the
idea of RuleML is to 'package' the rule aspect of these domains and and make it available as
an <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/">(XML) namespace</a>, <tt>.../RuleML</tt>,
which can be mixed with a namespace for natural-language (<a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/">XHTML</a>) texts and possible domain-specific namespaces
(much like <a href="http://www.w3.org/Math/">MathML</a> is mixed into such domain texts). </p>
</section>
<section>
<header>Scope</header>
<p> Rules can be stated (1) in natural language, (2) in some formal notation, or (3) in a
combination of both. Being in the third, 'semiformal' category, the RuleML Initiative is
working towards an XML-based markup language that permits Web-based rule storage, interchange,
retrieval, and firing/application. </p>
<a name="Related"/>
<p> Markup standards and initiatives related to RuleML include: <itemize>
<item>Mathematical Markup Language (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Math/">MathML</a>): However,
MathML's <i>Content Markup</i> is better suited for defining functions rather than
relations or general rules </item>
<item>DARPA Agent Markup Language (<a href="http://www.daml.org/">DAML</a>): While the
contributing <a href="http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/plus/SHOE/">SHOE project</a> has
permitted Horn rules and a DAML-RULES is planned, the current <a
href="http://www.daml.org/language/">DAML+OIL</a> (March 2001) does not yet include a
specification of explicit inference rules </item>
<item>Predictive Model Markup Language (<a href="http://www.dmg.org/html/pmml_v1_1.html"
>PMML</a>): With this XML-based language one can define and share various models for
data-mining results, including <a href="http://www.dmg.org/html/assocrules.html"
>association rules</a>
</item>
<item>Attribute Grammars in XML (<a
href="http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/~boley/xmlag/attgramm/sld001.htm">AG-markup</a>): For
AG's semantic rules, there are various possible XML markups that are similar to Horn-rule
markup </item>
<item>Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt"
>XSLT</a>): This is a restricted term-rewriting system of rules, written in XML, for
transforming XML documents into other XML documents </item>
</itemize>
</p>
</section>
<section label="Participants-Logos">
<header>Participants' Logos</header>
<p> The RuleML Initiative consists of <a href="http://www.dfki.de/~urban/ruleml/inlogos.html"
>the participants represented here by their logos</a>. </p>
</section>
<section label="Participants-Systems">
<header>Participants' Systems (Updated: 2008-07-22)</header>
<box bgcolor="#CCCCFF">
<box bgcolor="#FFCCCC"> Besides on the <a href="#Related">related work</a>, the RuleML
Initiative is based on the following systems of the participants listed in parentheses: <enumerate>
<item><a href="http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/agentlab/">Agent Frameworks</a> (<a
href="http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~leon/">Leon Sterling</a>, <a
href="http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/">Department of Computer Science and Software
Engineering, University of Melbourne</a>, Australia) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.haifa.il.ibm.com/projects/software/amit/">AMIT/ADI</a> (<a
href="http://www.research.ibm.com/people/a/adi/">Asaf Adi</a>, <a
href="mailto:sommer@il.ibm.com">Ziva Sommer</a>, <a
href="http://www.haifa.il.ibm.com/">IBM Research Lab in Haifa</a>, Israel) </item>
<item><a href="http://tmitwww.tm.tue.nl/staff/gwagner/AORML/">AORML</a> (<a
href="http://tmitwww.tm.tue.nl/staff/gwagner/">Gerd Wagner</a>, <a
href="http://tmitwww.tm.tue.nl/index-e.html">Faculty of Technology Management, I &
T, Eindhoven University of Technology</a>, The Netherlands) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.mindbox.com/solutions/products.shtml">ARTEnterprise</a> (<a
href="mailto:samir.rohatgi@mindbox.com">Samir Rohatgi</a>, <a
href="mailto:brian.sauk@mindbox.com">Brian Sauk</a>, <a href="http://www.mindbox.com"
>MindBox Inc.</a>, USA) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.kr.tuwien.ac.at/staff/roman/aspruleml/">ASP RuleML</a> (<a
href="http://www.kr.tuwien.ac.at/staff/roman/">Roman Schindlauer</a>, <a
href="http://www.kr.tuwien.ac.at/staff/eiter/eiter.html">Thomas Eiter</a>, Vienna
University of Technology; <a href="http://www.mat.unical.it/~ianni/">Giovambattista
Ianni</a>, Universita' della Calabria; Austria, Italy) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.smartbot-technologies.de/botform.html">BotForm&trade</a> (<a
href="mailto:sven.seelig@smartbot-technologies.de">Sven Seelig</a>, <a
href="mailto:sml@smartbot-technologies.de">Sonja Muller Landmann</a>, <a
href="http://www.smartbot-technologies.de">Smart Bot Technologies</a>, Germany) </item>
<item><a href="http://ebusiness.mit.edu/bgrosof/paps/fipa-grosof-07-00-distrib.ps"
>BRML/DAML-RULES</a> (<a href="http://ebusiness.mit.edu/bgrosof/">Benjamin Grosof</a>,
<a href="http://mitsloan.mit.edu">MIT Sloan School of Management</a>, USA) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.pi4soa.org">CDL</a> (<a href="mailto:steve@pi4tech.com">Steve
Ross-Talbot</a>, <a href="http://www.pi4tech.com/">Pi4 Technologies</a>; UK) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.research.ibm.com/rules">CommonRules</a> (<a
href="mailto:hychan@us.ibm.com">Hoi Chan</a>, <a href="http://www.research.ibm.com"
>IBM T.J. Watson Research</a>, USA) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~ga/research/ruleml.html"
>Deimos&Phobos</a> (<a href="http://www.ics.forth.gr/~antoniou/">Grigoris
Antoniou</a>, <a href="http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/">Fachbereich Mathematik
& Informatik, Universität Bremen</a>, Germany) </item>
<item><a href="http://lpis.csd.auth.gr/systems/dr-device.html">DR-DEVICE</a> (<a
href="http://www.csd.auth.gr/~nick">Nick Bassiliades</a>, <a
href="http://www.csd.auth.gr/~lpis">Logic Programming and Intelligent Systems (LPIS)
Group</a>, <a href="http://www.csd.auth.gr/index.en.php">Dept. of Informatics</a>, <a
href="http://www.auth.gr">Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</a>, Greece; <a
href="http://www.ics.forth.gr/~antoniou">Grigoris Antoniou</a>, <a
href="http://www.ics.forth.gr/isl/">Information Systems Laboratory</a>, <a
href="http://www.ics.forth.gr/">Institute of Computer Science</a>, <a
href="http://www.forth.gr">FORTH</a>, Heraklion, Crete, Greece) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.sybase.com/detail?id=1012526">EAI Rules engine</a> (<a
href="mailto:rwhalen@sybase.com">Ruth Whalen</a>, <a
href="mailto:Darren.Damato@New-Era-of-Networks.com">Darren D'Amato</a>, <a
href="http://www.sybase.com/">Sybase Database Management Systems</a>, <a
href="http://www.sybase.com/neweraofnetworks">New Era Of Networks, Inc.</a>, USA) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/">Euler</a> (<a
href="http://www.agfa.com/w3c/jdroo/">Jos De Roo</a>, <a href="http://www.agfa.com/"
>AGFA</a>, Belgium) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.dsic.upv.es/~jorallo/flip/">FLIP</a> (<a
href="http://www.dsic.upv.es/~jorallo/">Jose Hernandez-Orallo</a>, <a
href="http://www.dsic.upv.es/">DSIC</a>, <a href="http://www.upv.es/">Politechnical
University of Valencia</a>, Spain) </item>
<item>Java Forward-Chaining Engines Integration (<a
href="mailto:ebonnet_NO_SPAM_EMAIL@genigraph.fr">Emmanuel Bonnet</a>, <a
href="mailto:gmolines@optechsoftware.com">Guilhem Molines</a>, <a
href="mailto:onicolas_NO_SPAM_EMAIL@genigraph.fr">Olivier Nicolas</a>, <a
href="http://www.genigraph.fr">Genigraph/OpTech Software</a>, France, USA) </item>
<item><a href="http://flora.sourceforge.net">Flora-2</a> (<a
href="http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~kifer">Michael Kifer</a>, <a
href="http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~guizyang">Guizhen Yang</a>, <a
href="http://www.cs.sunysb.edu">Department of Computer Science</a>
<a href="http://www.stonybrook.edu">State University of New York at Stony Brook</a>,
USA) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.iit.nrc.ca/www/E_Business/Research.html">jDREW</a> (<a
href="http://www.cs.unb.ca/~bspencer">Bruce Spencer</a>, <a
href="http://www.cs.unb.ca">Faculty of Computer Science</a>, <a
href="http://www.unb.ca">University of New Brunswick</a> and <a
href="http://www.iit.nrc.ca/">Institute for Information Technology</a>, <a
href="http://www.nrc.ca/">National Research Council of Canada</a>, Canada) </item>
<item><a href="http://herzberg.ca.sandia.gov/jess/">Jess</a> (<a
href="http://herzberg.ca.sandia.gov">Ernest Friedman-Hill</a>, <a
href="http://www.sandia.gov/">Distributed Systems Research, Sandia National Labs</a>,
USA) </item>
<item>KNOW: Knowledge Norm Of Webmind (<a href="mailto:Pei.Wang@temple.edu">Pei Wang</a>,
<a href="http://www.webmind.com/">Webmind Inc.</a>, USA) </item>
<item><a href="http://lispminer.vse.cz">LispMiner</a> (<a
href="http://nb.vse.cz/~svatek/welcom_e.htm">Vojtech Svatek</a>, <a
href="mailto:rauch@vse.cz">Jan Rauch</a>, <a href="mailto:xlinv05@vse.cz">Vaclav
Lin</a>, <a href="http://nb1.vse.cz/~svatek/ke_group.htm">Knowledge Engineering
Group</a>, <a href="http://kizi2.vse.cz">Department of Information and Knowledge
Engineering (DIKE)</a>, <a href="http://www.vse.cz">University of Economics,
Prague</a>, Czech Republic) </item>
<item><a href="http://machine-knows.etri.re.kr/bossam/docs/logicml.html">LogicML</a>/<a
href="http://machine-knows.etri.re.kr/bossam">Bossam Rule Engine</a> (<a
href="mailto:minsu@etri.re.kr">Minsu Jang</a>, <a href="mailto:jcsohn@etri.re.kr"
>Joochan Sohn</a>, <a href="http://www.etri.re.kr/e_etri/">ETRI</a>, Korea) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.mandarax.org/">Mandarax</a> (<a
href="mailto:jens.dietrich@unforgettable.com">Jens Dietrich</a>, Department of
Computer Science, <a href="http://www.polytechnic.edu.na/">Polytechnic of Namibia</a>,
Namibia) </item>
<item><a href="http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~vm/papers/r7inen3.lo.pdf">Obelix</a> (<a
href="http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~vm">Veljko Milutinovic</a>, <a
href="mailto:sasa@galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu">Sasa Mitrovic</a>, <a
href="http://www.etf.bg.ac.yu/?lang=en">Faculty of Electrical Engineering</a>, <a
href="http://www.beograd.org.yu/english/zivot/obrnauka/univerz/">University of
Belgrade</a>, Serbia and Montenegro) </item>
<item><a href="http://kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/ocml/">OCML</a> (<a
href="http://kmi.open.ac.uk/people/motta/">Enrico Motta</a>, <a
href="http://kmi.open.ac.uk/people/domingue/">John Domingue</a>, <a
href="http://kmi.open.ac.uk/home-t.cfm">Knowledge Media Institute</a>, <a
href="http://www.open.ac.uk/">The Open University</a>, UK) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.i-u.de/schools/eberhart/ontojava/">OntoJava</a> (<a
href="http://www.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de/WBS/aeb/">Andreas Eberhart</a>, <a
href="http://www.i-u.de/">International University in Germany</a>, Germany) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/inst/ag-nbi/research/owltrans/">OWLTrans</a>
(<a href="http://www.is.pku.edu.cn/~mayyam/">Jing Mei</a>, <a
href="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/inst/ag-nbi/">Networked Information Systems</a>, <a
href="http://www.fu-berlin.de/">Freie Universität Berlin</a>, Germany) </item>
<item><a href="http://cs-www.cs.yale.edu/homes/dvm/">PDDL: Planning Domain Definition
Language</a> (<a href="http://cs-www.cs.yale.edu/homes/dvm/">Drew V. McDermott</a>, <a
href="http://www.cs.yale.edu/">Department of Computer Science, Yale University</a>,
USA) </item>
<item><a href="http://protege.stanford.edu">Protégé-2000</a> (<a
href="http://smi-web.stanford.edu/people/musen/">Mark Musen</a>, <a
href="http://smi-web.Stanford.EDU/">Stanford Medical Informatics</a>, USA) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.prova.ws">Prova Language for Rule-based Java Scripting,
Information Integration, and Agent Programming</a> (<a
href="http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~firmata">Alex Kozlenkov</a>, <a
href="http://www.soi.city.ac.uk">School of Informatics</a>, <a
href="http://www.city.ac.uk">City University, London</a>, UK) </item>
<item>RBML: Rule Base Markup Language (<a
href="http://www.geocities.com/Christopher.Roberts/">Chris Roberts</a>, <a
href="http://www.sun.com/">Sun Microsystems</a>, USA) </item>
<item><a href="http://ibis.in.tum.de/staff/paschke/rbsla/index.htm">RBSLA: Rule-based
Service Level Agreements</a> (<a href="http://ibis.in.tum.de/staff/paschke/index.htm"
>Adrian Paschke</a>, <a href="http://ibis.in.tum.de/index.htm">Internet-based
Information Systems (IBIS) </a>, <a href="http://www.in.tum.de/index_en.html"
>Department of Informatics, Technical University Munich</a>, Germany) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.relfun.org/rfml/">RFML</a> (<a
href="http://www.cs.unb.ca/~boley/">Harold Boley</a>, <a href="http://www.dfki.de/"
>DFKI</a>, Germany) </item>
<item><a href="http://arabella.mcm.unisg.ch/SeCo/">SeCo</a> (<a
href="http://www.netacademy.org/netacademy/register.nsf/mcm_staff/bschmid">Beat
Schmid</a>, <a href="http://www.mcm.unisg.ch/">Institute for Media and Communications
Management</a>, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.damlsmm.ri.cmu.edu">Semantic Matchmaker</a> (<a
href="http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/%7Esycara/">Katia Sycara</a>, <a
href="http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~softagents/atlas/homepages/paolucci_massimo.html"
>Massimo Paolucci</a>, <a href="http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~softagents">The Intelligent
Software Agents Lab</a>, <a href="http://www.ri.cmu.edu">The Robotics Institute</a>,
<a href="http://www.cs.cmu.edu">School of Computer Science</a>, <a
href="http://www.cmu.edu">Carnegie Mellon University</a>, USA) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/frodo/triple/">TRIPLE</a> (<a
href="http://www.stefandecker.org/">Stefan Decker</a>, <a href="http://www.deri.ie/"
>Digital Enterprise Research Institute</a>; <a
href="http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/~sintek/">Michael Sintek</a>, <a
href="http://www.dfki.de/">DFKI</a>; Germany, Ireland) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.ida.liu.se/~pawpi/research.html">Type-Based Diagnoser</a> (<a
href="http://www.ida.liu.se/~janma/">Jan Maluszynski</a>, <a
href="http://www.ida.liu.se/sweb/">Swedish Semantic Web Initiative</a>, <a
href="http://www.ida.liu.se/index.en.shtml">Department of Computer and Information
Science</a>, <a href="http://www.lith.liu.se/en/index.html">Linköping University</a>,
Sweden) </item>
<item><a href="http://home.comcast.net/~stabet/urml.html">URML</a> (<a
href="mailto:david_ash99@yahoo.com">David Ash</a>, <a
href="http://www.realtimeagentsinc.com">Real Time Agents Inc.</a>; <a
href="mailto:prabhakar_bhogaraju@yahoo.com">Prabhakar Bhogaraju</a>, <a
href="http://www.mindbox.com/">MindBox</a>; <a href="http://home.comcast.net/~stabet/"
>Said Tabet</a>, <a href="http://www.macgregor.com/">Macgregor Inc.</a>; USA) </item>
<item>Versata Logic Suite for Transaction Logic (<a href="mailto:James_Liddle@Versata.com"
>James Liddle</a>, <a href="mailto:Kamran_Yousaf@Versata.com">Kamran Yousaf</a>, <a
href="HTTP://WWW.Versata.com">Versata</a>; UK) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~msch/cgi/viva/">Vivid Agents</a>/<a
href="http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~msch/revise/revise.html">Revise</a> (<a
href="http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~msch/">Michael Schroeder</a>, <a
href="http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/">The School of Informatics</a>, <a
href="http://www.city.ac.uk/">City University London</a>, UK) </item>
<item>VPP (<a href="mailto:randerson@macgregor.ws">Rand Anderson</a>, <a
href="http://www.macgregor.ws">Macgregor</a>, USA) </item>
<item><a href="http://centria.di.fct.unl.pt/~cd/projectos/w4/index.htm">W4</a> (<a
href="http://centria.di.fct.unl.pt/~cd">Carlos Viegas Damásio</a>, <a
href="http://centria.di.fct.unl.pt/">CENTRIA (Centro de Inteligência Artificial da
Universidade Nova de Lisboa)</a>, Portugal) </item>
<item><a href="http://www.xcerpt.org">Xcerpt</a> (<a
href="http://www.pms.informatik.uni-muenchen.de/mitarbeiter/bry/">François Bry</a>, <a
href="http://www.wastl.net/">Sebastian Schaffert</a>, <a
href="http://www.pms.informatik.uni-muenchen.de/index-e.html">Teaching and Research
Unit Programming and Modelling Language</a>, <a
href="http://www.informatik.uni-muenchen.de/index-e.html">Institute of Computer
Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München</a>, Germany) </item>
<item><a href="http://kr.cs.ait.ac.th/xet/">XET</a>/<a href="http://kr.cs.ait.ac.th/XDD/"
>XDD</a> (<a href="mailto:vw@cs.ait.ac.th">Vilas Wuwongse</a>, <a
href="mailto:ca@cs.ait.ac.th">Chutiporn Anutariya</a>, <a
href="http://kr.cs.ait.ac.th/">Knowledge Representation Laboratory</a>, <a
href="http://www.ait.ac.th/">Asian Institute of Technology</a>, Thailand) </item>
<item><a href="http://xrml.kaist.ac.kr">XRML</a> (<a href="http://iis.kaist.ac.kr/~jklee/"
>Jae Kyu Lee</a>, <a href="http://icec.net/">ICEC</a>, <a
href="http://iis.kaist.ac.kr/">KAIST</a>, Korea) </item>
</enumerate>
</box>
</box>
<p> 2001-05-11: "RuleML, the emerging standards effort on XML Rules knowledge representation,
continues to progress in its design -- and also in its acceptance; notably, IBM this past
month joined as participant and publicly disclosed that it is prototyping support for RuleML.
Presentation materials from two recent W3C meetings, and a new short overview conference
paper, are now available: see <a href="http://ebusiness.mit.edu/bgrosof/#XMLRules"
>http://ebusiness.mit.edu/bgrosof/#XMLRules</a>." (Also see: <a
href="http://www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/commonrules">alphaWorks Posting</a>. Contact: <a
href="mailto:hychan@us.ibm.com">Hoi Chan</a>.) </p>
</section>
<section label="Steps">
<header>Initial Steps</header>
<p> Some <a href="insteps.html">initial steps taken by the RuleML Initiative</a> have been to
structure the area of rule markup, to raise issues and identify tasks, and to propose
tentative rule tags/attributes. </p>
</section>
<section label="Design">
<header>Design</header>
<p> The <!-- <a href="indesign.html">current RuleML design</a> --> Overarching Specification of
Web Rules (&overarching;) shows the big picture of how we conceive and formalize rule markup;
this has been the basis of much of our more specific work. </p>
</section>
<section label="Specification">
<header>Specification</header>
<p> 2001-01-31: A preliminary RuleML DTD has been released: <a href="indtd.html">RuleML DTD
Version 0.7</a>. </p>
<p> 2001-07-11: A revised DTD version has been finalized: <a href="indtd0.8.html">RuleML DTD
Version 0.8</a>. </p>
<p> 2001-09-25: A preliminary XML Schema for a Datalog subset of RuleML has been released: <a
href="inxsd0.8.html">RuleML Schema Version 0.8</a>. </p>
<p> 2002-04-02: A query DTD version has been realized (cf. <a href="#Queries">Queries</a>): <a
href="indtd0.8.html">RuleML DTD Version 0.8</a>. </p>
<p> 2004-01-28: A revised DTD/XSD version has been released: <a href="0.85/">RuleML Version
0.85</a>. </p>
<p> 2004-07-15: A stable XSD version has been released: <a href="0.86/">RuleML Version 0.86</a>. </p>
<p> 2004-08-12: A new XSD version has been released: <a href="0.87/">RuleML Version 0.87</a>. </p>
<p> 2004-11-02: A monolithic DTD version of FOL RuleML 0.9 has been released: <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/fol/">FOL RuleML Version 0.9</a>. </p>
<p> 2005-03-01: A new XSD version has been released: <a href="0.88/">RuleML Version 0.88</a>. </p>
<p> 2005-05-27: A new XSD version has been released: <a href="0.89/">RuleML Version 0.89</a>. </p>
<p> 2005-11-09: A new XSD version has been released: <a href="0.9/">RuleML Version 0.9</a>. </p>
<p> 2006-08-24: A new XSD version has been released: <b><a href="0.91/">RuleML Version
0.91</a></b>. </p>
<p> 2011-12-09: A new XSD / Relax NG version has been released: <b><a href="1.0/">RuleML Version
1.0</a></b>. </p>
</section>
<section label="Queries">
<header>Queries</header>
<p> As in many deduction approaches, RuleML queries are regarded as headless implications,
symmetrically to regarding facts as bodiless implications. They enumerate the bindings of all
their free (existentially interpreted) variables. </p>
<p> Queries were added to RuleML 0.8 as a third top-level element of rulebases besides facts and
imps (since this extension is purely additive, all queriless RuleML 0.8 rulebases should still
validate). This gives us "for free" all refinements of RuleML's existing system of
sublanguages via the _body role of queries: because of RuleML's DTD inheritance, additions
were only required for <a href="http://www.ruleml.org/dtd/0.8/ruleml-datalog.dtd"
>ruleml-datalog.dtd</a> (<a href="http://www.ruleml.org/dtd/0.8/ruleml-datalog.dtd.txt"
>ruleml-datalog.dtd.txt</a>) and <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/dtd/0.8/ruleml-urcbindatagroundfact.dtd"
>urcbindatagroundfact.dtd</a> (<a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/dtd/0.8/ruleml-urcbindatagroundfact.dtd.txt"
>urcbindatagroundfact.dtd.txt</a>). In particular, <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/dtd/0.8/ruleml-datalog.dtd">ruleml-datalog.dtd</a>'s
query-extended rulebase definition is inherited by <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/dtd/0.8/ruleml-hornlog.dtd">ruleml-hornlog.dtd</a>, where
queries in datalog use only inds and vars but queries in hornlog automatically also permit
cterms (because hornlog atoms permit cterms). </p>
<p> RuleML queries are illustrated by our business-rule example <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/exa/0.8/discount.ruleml">discount.ruleml</a> (<a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/exa/0.8/discount.ruleml.txt">discount.ruleml.txt</a>) and by <a
href="http://www.w3.org/People/Eric/">Eric Prud'hommeaux</a>'s <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2001/11/13-RDF-Query-Rules/">RDF Query example</a>
<a href="http://www.ruleml.org/exa/0.8/wsdl-rdf-query.ruleml">wsdl-rdf-query.ruleml</a> (<a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/exa/0.8/wsdl-rdf-query.ruleml.txt"
>wsdl-rdf-query.ruleml.txt</a>). </p>
<p> This query incorporation into RuleML assumes that the sublanguage expressiveness should be
the same for 'assertions' (facts and imps) and for the 'requests' (queries) on them. So, it
cannot, e.g., express queries on ground triples (containing no variables) via non-ground
triples (containing variables): <a href="http://www.ruleml.org/exa/0.8/creator.ruleml"
>creator.ruleml</a> (<a href="http://www.ruleml.org/exa/0.8/creator.ruleml.txt"
>creator.ruleml.txt</a>). However, users can still employ one rulebase (module) with its DTD
for 'assertions', and another rulebase (module) with a different DTD for 'requests'. </p>
</section>
<section label="ASP">
<header>ASP RuleML</header>
<p>
<a href="http://www.kr.tuwien.ac.at/staff/roman/ruleml/">ASP RuleML</a> defines a sublanguage
of RuleML for answer-set programs in XML Schema. This variant facilitates the specification of
a number of ASP-related constructs in a general manner. Moreover, it constitutes a base
language for specific ASP extensions, such as HEX-programs. </p>
</section>
<section label="OO">
<header>Object-Oriented RuleML</header>
<p> Via <a href="indoo">Object-Oriented RuleML (OO RuleML)</a> frame-like knowledge
representation with facts (instances) and rules (methods) is now directly supported. </p>
</section>
<section label="PSOA">
<header>Positional-Slotted, Object-Applicative RuleML (Updated: 2012-08-04)</header>
<p> Positional-Slotted, Object-Applicative RuleML (PSOA RuleML) permits relation applications
with optional object identifiers and, orthogonally, arguments that are positional or slotted.
The resulting positional-slotted, object-applicative (psoa) terms and rules over them were
given a first-order model-theoretic foundation (<a
href="http://www.cs.unb.ca/~boley/papers/SemanticsPsoaRules.pdf">paper</a>, <a
href="http://www.cs.unb.ca/~boley/talks/SemanticsPsoaRules-talk-UNB2011.pdf">slides</a>),
blending slot distribution, as in <a href="#RIF">RIF</a>, with integrated psoa terms, as in
RuleML. In order to support reasoning in PSOA RuleML, the implemention of the <a
href="http://reubenpeterpaul.github.com/PSOA-to-TPTP/">PSOA2TPTP</a> translator is in
progress, which maps PSOA RuleML knowledge bases to the <a
href="http://www.cs.miami.edu/~tptp/TPTP/QuickGuide/">TPTP</a> format, as widely used for
theorem provers. With this translator, reasoning in PSOA RuleML is available using the <a
href="http://riazanov.webs.com/software.htm">VampirePrime</a> prover. The composition of
PSOA2TPTP and VampirePrime to PSOATransRun is being developed at <a
href="http://wiki.ruleml.org/index.php/PSOA_RuleML">PSOA RuleML</a>. </p>
</section>
<section label="RIF">
<header>RIF</header>
<p> RIF RuleML specifications are being collected here: <itemize>
<item>
<a href="http://ruleml.org/rif/RIF-CASPD.html">RIF-CASPD</a>
</item>
<item>
<a href="http://ruleml.org/rif/RIF-CLPWD.html">RIF-CLPWD</a>
</item>
<item>
<a href="rif/rulelog/rif/RIF-Rulelog.html">RIF-Rulelog</a>
</item>
<item>
<a href="rif/rulelog/spec/Rulelog.html">Rulelog: Syntax and Semantics [HTML]</a>
</item>
<item>
<a href="rif/rulelog/spec/Rulelog.pdf">Rulelog: Syntax and Semantics [PDF]</a>
</item>
</itemize> Convergence of RIF and RuleML is facilitated by <a href="#PSOA">PSOA RuleML</a>.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<header>RDF</header>
<p> An experimental RDF translator for a subset of RuleML 0.7 is available in XSLT: <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/inrdf.html">RuleML in RDF Version 0.2</a>. RuleML 0.8 now stands
in the direct <a href="http://www.ruleml.org/0.8/#Context">Context</a> of RDF. </p>
<p> 2001-06-20: <a href="http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/~sintek/">Michael Sintek</a> has implemented
a (Java) parser for an RDF version of the Horn-logic subset of RuleML 0.8; it reflects an RDF
RuleML syntax by (Java) classes that currently generate textual Horn clauses but could be
adapted for generating the XML RuleML syntax: <a
href="http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/frodo/rdf2java/">The FRODO rdf2java Tool</a>. A converse
translator from XML RuleML 0.8 to RDF RuleML 0.8 should be easier to write in XSLT than was
possible for the above-linked RuleML 0.7 translator. </p>
</section>
<section label="Lite">
<header>RuleML Lite</header>
<p>
<a href="http://www.daml.org/listarchive/joint-committee/1490.html">RuleML Lite</a> has been
developed basically as a RuleML subset compatible with RDF and OWL-DL that covers webized
unary and binary Datalog facts, rules, and queries. The RuleML Lite design has interacted with
the <a href="http://www.daml.org/2003/11/swrl/">SWRL</a> design via the <a
href="http://www.daml.org/committee/">Joint Committee</a>. </p>
</section>
<section label="FOL">
<header>FOL RuleML</header>
<p> The <a href="http://www.ruleml.org/fol/">FOL RuleML</a> language has been developed in
interaction between the <a href="#Structure">RuleML Steering Committee</a> and the <a
href="http://www.daml.org/committee/">Joint Committee</a>, with input from <a
href="http://philebus.tamu.edu/mailman/listinfo/scl">Simplified Common Logic (SCL)</a>. FOL
RuleML shares/reuses most of the earlier RuleML LP syntax, incorporating First-Order-Logic
quantifiers and disjunctions as well as equivalence and negation. FOL RuleML strives for a
strict separation of declarative content from procedural (Assert, Query) performatives, as
pioneered by KQML. This and further changes to the current <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/0.87/">RuleML 0.87</a> will also benefit other sublanguages
towards RuleML 0.9, in particular the Horn logic subset. FOL RuleML is the rule component of
<a href="http://www.daml.org/2004/11/fol/">SWRL FOL</a> and a proposed FOL content language
for <a href="http://www.swsi.org/">SWSI</a>. It can be viewed as a generalization of SWRL FOL
in that it is an XML form of full FOL, with n-ary relations (predicate symbols) and
constructors (logical function symbols). </p>
<p> 2004-11-02: <a href="http://www.ruleml.org/fol/">FOL RuleML 0.9</a> has been released, using
a <a href="http://www.ruleml.org/fol/#SynSem">monolithic DTD specification</a>. </p>
<p> 2004-11-14: An <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-rules/2004Nov/0008.html"
>FOL RuleML announcement</a> has been sent. </p>
</section>
<section label="Induction">
<header>Induction</header>
<p> The FLIP Group uses RuleML in machine learning: <a
href="http://www.dsic.upv.es/~flip/RuleML/">About using RuleML for expressing machine
learning knowledge</a>. In the <a href="http://lispminer.vse.cz">LispMiner</a> project work
with RuleML is directed towards statistical association rules. </p>
</section>
<section label="Translators">
<header>Translators</header>
<p> Since RuleML should help rule-system interoperation, (XSLT, ...) translators for RuleML
rulebases are rather important. Please send us further translator pairs between your system
and RuleML -- even if your translators are (still) partial. </p>
<p> In February 2001 <a href="http://www.daml.org/people/mdean/">Mike Dean</a> created the first
operational RuleML rulebase, <a href="http://www.daml.org/2001/02/gedcom-ruleml/">GEDCOM</a>,
with rules on family relationships (child, spouse, etc.) run via XSLT translators to the XSB,
JESS, and n3/cwm engines. </p>
<p> 2001-09-17: <a href="http://www.cs.unb.ca/~boley/">Harold Boley</a> has specified <a
href="http://www.relfun.org/ruleml/rfml-ruleml.html">XSLT translators between the Horn-logic
subsets of RuleML and RFML</a>. These can make implementations of both systems available to
each other and permit, e.g., a preliminary HTML rendering of RuleML rulebases. The XSLT
stylesheets may also serve as blueprints for specifying further translators to/fro RuleML. </p>
<p> 2001-09-19: <a href="http://www.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de/WBS/aeb/">Andreas Eberhart</a>
implemented an alpha version of <a href="http://www.i-u.de/schools/eberhart/ontojava/"
>OntoJava</a>. The basic idea is to automatically map Protégé ontologies, instances defined
in them, and RuleML rules into a sinlge Java main memory DB / rule engine that can then be
used as the basis of an application. He is looking forward to hearing of your ideas and input. </p>
<p> 2002-02-04: <a href="http://www.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de/WBS/aeb/">Andreas Eberhart</a>
extended <a href="http://www.i-u.de/schools/eberhart/ontojava/">OntoJava</a> by reaction
rules: <code><![CDATA[
<java>
runtime.Loader.load("http://localhost:8080/servlet/SearchGate?flight="
+ <var>F</var>.name, false);
</java>]]></code> This example loads RDF info into the DB, which comes from a kind of Web Service.
So emails can be sent as well, etc. While this is not 'cross-platform', it should be
interessting from an engineering point of view. </p>
<p> 2002-07-08: <a href="mailto:stabet@ruleml.org">Said Tabet</a> created an <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/jess/RuleMLTransform.xsl">XSLT stylesheet</a> for transforming
from a version of RuleML to Jess. The full Java environment for running this is available from
<a href="mailto:stabet@ruleml.org">Said Tabet</a>. </p>
<p> 2003-08-26: Stephen Greene has specified <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/ooruleml-xslt/oo2prml.html">XSLT translators between Positional
and Object-Oriented RuleML</a>.</p>
<p> 2004-08-12: David Hirtle has created an <a href="http://www.ruleml.org/0.87/#XSLT">XSLT
translator between RuleML 0.86 and 0.87</a> as part of the 0.87 release.</p>
<p> 2005-03-01: David Hirtle has created an <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/0.88/#XSLT-Based%20Upgrader">XSLT "upgrader"</a> to translate
between RuleML 0.87 and 0.88 as part of the 0.88 release. An <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/0.88/#XSLT-Based%20Normalizer">XSLT "normalizer"</a> for
reconstructing all skipped role tags to achieve a fully-expanded, normal form is also included
with this release.</p>
<p> 2005-05-27: The <a href="http://www.ruleml.org/0.89/#XSLT-Based%20Upgrader">XSLT "upgrader"
from 0.88 to 0.89</a> has been created as part of the 0.89 release. An <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/0.89/#XSLT-Based%20Normalizer">updated XSLT "normalizer"</a> for
achieving a normal form is also included.</p>
<p>2005-09-13: Jie Li has updated an earlier translator from RFML to RuleML <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/usecases/chemxelem/#XSLT%20Stylesheet">as part of the ChemXelem
use case</a>.</p>
</section>
<section label="Engines">
<header>Engines</header>
<p> One or more rule engines will be needed for executing RuleML rulebases. On 2000-11-15, the
RuleML Initiative thus joined forces with the Java Specification Request <a
href="http://java.sun.com/aboutJava/communityprocess/jsr/jsr_094_ruleengine.html">JSR-000094
Java Rule Engine API</a>. This cooperation will enable a direct cross-fertilization between
the complementary specifications of the open XML-based Rule Markup Language and of the Java
runtime API for rule engines. </p>
<p> 2001-06-04: <a href="mailto:jens.dietrich@unforgettable.com">Jens Dietrich</a> implemented
the first complete input-processing-output environment for RuleML. To download the api (source
code) click <a href="http://www.mandarax.org/downloads.html">Mandarax RuleML</a>. Any feedback
is welcome! If you have problems, don't hesitate to contact Jens for assistance. </p>
<p> 2002-03-08: <a href="mailto:jens.dietrich@unforgettable.com">Jens Dietrich</a> has finally
published <a href="http://www.mandarax.org/downloads.html">Mandarax 1.6</a> with major
improvements, including new docs and all the features discussed in the <a
href="http://www.mandarax.org/docs/dagstuhl.pdf">Mandarax Dagstuhl Talk</a>. One of the new
packages is <a href="http://www.mandarax.org/downloads/xkb_b1.jar">xkb_b1.jar</a> -- it
contains a modular driver to translate rule bases to XML and vice versa. I.e., there are tiny
adapter objects responsible for exporting/importing rules, facts, terms etc. This should
enable us to set up a reference application for any new standard in hours. </p>
<p> 2001-06-26: <a href="http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/~sintek/">Michael Sintek</a> has implemented
a small XSB-based engine that can also be looked at as the first RuleML querying <i>agent</i>.
It's a servlet (running in Tomcat) that receives RuleML rulebases in RDF RuleML syntax (since
he uses <a href="http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/frodo/rdf2java/">The FRODO rdf2java Tool</a>)
together with some queries, evaluates them with XSB Prolog (in auto-tabling mode, which should
be equivalent to bottom-up evaluation!), and returns the result as an HTML page containing the
bindings as facts of instantiated queries. A future version must, of course, return a RuleML
file. Simply try <a href="http://serv-4100.dfki.uni-kl.de:8765/ruleml/">this URL</a>. Click on
'example' and paste the RDF RuleML popping up into the input window (note that pasting XML/RDF
cannot be directly done in IE, only in Netscape; use "view source" in IE). Alternatively, you
can use the <a href="http://serv-4100.dfki.uni-kl.de:8765/ruleml/rulemltrans.html">Prolog
parser and RDF translator</a> to generate the RDF RuleML. Since we cannot guarantee that the
above URLs always work (server reboots etc.), <a href="xsb-rdf-ruleml.gif">this picture</a>
shows the agent in action. Any feedback is welcome! If you have problems, don't hesitate to
contact Michael for assistance. </p>
<p> 2002-02-06: <a href="http://www.cs.unb.ca/~bspencer">Bruce Spencer</a> further refined <a
href="http://www.cs.unb.ca/~bspencer/dagstuhl-jdrew.pdf">The Design of j-DREW, a Deductive
Reasoning Engine for the Semantic Web</a>. </p>
<p> 2005-05-06: Marcel Ball [maball AT gmail DOT com] revised the documentation of <a
href="http://www.jdrew.org/oojdrew/">OO jDREW</a>, summarized in the Position Paper <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/w3c-ws-rules/implementing-ruleml-w3c-ws.html">Implementing
RuleML Using Schemas, Translators, and Bidirectional Interpreters</a> of the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2004/12/rules-ws/cfp">W3C Workshop on Rule Languages for
Interoperability</a>. </p>
<p> 2007-07-26: Benjamin Craig [ben.craig AT unb DOT ca] has been continuing the development of
<a href="http://www.jdrew.org/oojdrew/">OO jDREW</a> with a series of extended releases, and
is developing the OO jDREW part of <a href="http://responder.ruleml.org/">Rule Responder</a>. </p>
<p>2008-06-30: A team led by <a href="http://lpis.csd.auth.gr/people/nbassili/">Nick
Bassiliades</a>, <a href="http://www.ics.forth.gr/%7Eantoniou/">Grigoris Antoniou</a> and <a
href="http://www.governatori.net/">Guido Governatori</a> has released a new version of <a
href="http://lpis.csd.auth.gr/systems/dr-device.html#v081">DR-Device (version 0.81)</a> with
support for modalities and proof exporting. DR-Device is a defeasible logic reasoning system
with priorities among rules, two types of negation (strong, default) and conflicting (mutually
exclusive) literals. The system is implemented on top of CLIPS and has been extended to
introduce rule modes that determine the modality of the conclusion and modalized literals in
the premises of rule bodies. Furthermore, the system exports in a formal RuleML-like
representation an explanation for the proof of the rule program conclusions. The aim is (a) to
take advantage of the expressive power of modal logics to define various agent behaviors, and
(b) to to increase user/agent trust towards rule-based Semantic Web applications.</p>
</section>
<section label="POSL">
<header>Positional-Slotted Language (Updated: 2012-11-17)</header>
<p> The Positional-Slotted presentation, shorthand, and exchange syntax for rules (<a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/submission/ruleml-shortation.html">POSL spec</a>, <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/posl/poslintweb-talk.pdf">POSL slides</a>) merges Prolog's
positional and F-Logic's slotted syntaxes. Its need has emerged from discussions on ASCII
syntaxes in the <a href="http://www.daml.org/committee/">Joint Committee</a>. A pair of <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/posl/converter.jnlp">online translators (including Types)</a>,
in Java Web Start, have enabled writing knowledge bases in the RuleML/POSL shorthand while
deploying them in the RuleML/XML serialization, as well as getting RuleML/XML rendered as
RuleML/POSL. Several applications have been built on POSL (see, e.g. <a href="#Library"
>library</a>). An updated POSL version is described in <a
href="http://ojs.academypublisher.com/index.php/jetwi/article/view/0204343353">Integrating
Positional and Slotted Knowledge on the Semantic Web</a>, implemented along with d-POSL in
<a href="http://www.cs.unb.ca/~boley/cs6795swt/fall2011projects.html">CS 6795 Semantic Web
Techniques</a>, Team 1, and available from GitHub via the <a
href="http://www.jdrew.org/oojdrew/demo.html">OO jDREW site</a> as a pair of online
translators, in Java Web Start. </p>
</section>
<section label="Grailog">
<header>Graph inscribed logic (Updated: 2013-06-04)</header>
<p> The Graph inscribed logic (<a
href="http://wiki.ruleml.org/index.php/Grailog"
>Grailog</a>) was initially developed for the course <a
href="https://www.ict.tuwien.ac.at/lva/Boley_LFCS/index.html">Logical Foundations of
Cognitive Science</a> and has since much evolved, as presented in a series of talks,
including <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/PhiloWeb/rule-ml-grailog">RuleML/Grailog: The
Rule Metalogic Visualized with Generalized Graphs</a> at <a
href="http://web-and-philosophy.org/philoweb2011_pt-ai_salonica/">PhiloWeb 2011</a> and <a
href="http://www.cs.unb.ca/~boley/talks/RuleMLGrailog-OMG.pdf">The Grailog User Interface
for Knowledge Bases of Ontologies & Rules</a> at <a
href="http://www.omg.org/news/meetings/tc/agendas/ma-12/Ontology.pdf">OMGCambridge2012</a>. </p>
<p>
<b>The newest edition of Grailog is being maintained in presentable form: <a
href="http://www.cs.unb.ca/~boley/talks/RuleMLGrailog.pdf">RuleMLGrailog.pdf</a> (<a
href="http://www.cs.unb.ca/~boley/talks/RuleMLGrailog.ppt">RuleMLGrailog.ppt</a>)</b>
</p>
<p> RuleML/Grailog comes with a mapping from (2-dimensional, 'analogical') generalized graphs to
a RuleML/POSL-type (1-dimensional, 'symbolic') logic generalized to an expressive <a
href="http://ruleml.org/metalogic/">Rule Metalogic</a>. The transition from RuleML/Grailog
to RuleML/POSL to RuleML/XML proceeds in the direction from <i>human</i>-oriented to
<i>machine</i>-oriented syntaxes. Since a translator from RuleML/POSL to RuleML/XML already
exists (see <a href="#POSL">POSL</a>), its three components (i.e., its source RuleML/POSL, its
target RuleML/XML, and the translator itself) could be generalized to cover full
RuleML/Grailog expressiveness, and a translator from RuleML/Grailog to RuleML/XML could then
be obtained by implementing a translator from RuleML/Grailog (in an appropriate format) to the
generalized RuleML/POSL. Alternatively, a translator from RuleML/Grailog (maybe in SVG/XML)
directly to the generalized RuleML/XML could be implemented. Subsets of Grailog corresponding
to Datalog and Hornlog RuleML will be natural starting points for such an open source
translator project. Everyone who is interested in the further development of Grailog or its
translators, please contact <a href="http://www.cs.unb.ca/~boley/">Harold Boley</a>. </p>
</section>
<section label="Interfaces">
<header>User Interfaces (Updated: 2011-03-21)</header>
<p> RuleML Participant Jens Dietrich's Oryx (version 2.1) has a graphical Knowledge Editor for
business rules and a Repository that contains the description of predicates, functions, and
database connections. "Oryx works with open XML based formats, support for the emerging RuleML
standard and the open source Mandarax XKB 1.0 format is included." (<a
href="http://www.jbdietrich.com/">http://www.jbdietrich.com</a>). </p>
<p>
<a href="http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/~sintek/">Michael Sintek</a> has implemented a <a
href="http://serv-4100.dfki.uni-kl.de:8765/ruleml/rulemltrans.html">Prolog parser and RDF
translator</a> to generate RDF RuleML. </p>
<p>
<a href="http://www.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de/WBS/aeb/">Andreas Eberhart</a> wrote a small tool
that allows you to convert Prolog (currently, Datalog) rules to RuleML. This <a
href="http://www.i-u.de/schools/eberhart/prolog2ruleml/">Prolog2RuleML</a> tool is available
both online and as a command line version. </p>
<p> 2005-12-13: A team led by <a href="http://www.csd.auth.gr/~nbassili">Nick Bassiliades</a>
and <a href="http://www.ics.forth.gr/~antoniou/">Grigoris Antoniou</a> has released <a
href="http://iskp.csd.auth.gr/systems/dr-device.html">VDR-Device (version 0.27)</a>.
VDR-Device is a visual environment for developing defeasible logic rule bases for the Semantic
Web. VDR-Device integrates a graphical RuleML-compliant rule editor and a defeasible reasoning
system that processes RDF data and RDF Schema ontologies. The rule editor constrains the
allowed vocabulary after analyzing the input RDF Schema ontologies, preventing potential
syntactic and semantic errors. The reasoning system supports all defeasible logic rule types,
priorities among rules, two types of negation and conflicting literals. </p>
<p> 2006-04-28: A Java Web Start application called <a href="http://www.ruleml.org/translator"
>TRANSLATOR</a> has been developed by David Hirtle for translating from <a
href="http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/attempto/">Attempto Controlled English</a> to RuleML. The
reverse direction, RuleML to English, is a planned extension. </p>
<p> 2009-12-08: S2REd is a syntactic+semantic text-based RuleML editor. It is a full-fledged
textual XML editor that features: syntax highlighting, spell checking, brace matching,
code-block coloring, pretty-printing, well-formedness and validation checking. Nevertheless,
S2REd is more than an XML editor: its a tool totally dedicated to RuleML authoring, offering
domain-specific semantically enabled functionality. Developed by Thetida Zetta, Efstratios
Kontopoulos, and Nick Bassiliades. Project URL: <a
href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/s2red/">S2REd</a>
</p>
<p> 2011-03-21: <a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/s2red/">S2REd</a>, the
syntactic+semantic RuleML editor developed by Thetida Zetta, Efstratios Kontopoulos, and Nick
Bassiliades at <a href="http://lpis.csd.auth.gr">Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</a>,
Greece, has been upgraded to provide support for RuleML 1.0. </p>
</section>
<section label="Library">
<header>Rulebase Library (Updated: 2011-11-20)</header>
<p> A library of RuleML rulebases is being accumulated here as a collection of use cases for
further design discussion and as examples for practical rule exchange (e.g., <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/lib">library</a> and <a href="http://www.ruleml.org/1.0/exa"
>examples</a>). The highest version of RuleML (currently 1.0) should be used whenever
possible. If you have an entry, please send us its pointer. The discounting business rules
example introduces some of the features: <a href="exa/0.8/discount.ruleml">discount.ruleml</a>
(<a href="exa/0.8/discount.ruleml.txt">discount.ruleml.txt</a>). <itemize>
<item> 2002-03-06: <a href="http://www.daml.org/people/mdean/">Mike Dean</a>'s <a
href="http://www.daml.org/2001/02/gedcom-ruleml/">GEDCOM</a> rulebase <a
href="http://www.daml.org/2001/02/gedcom-ruleml/gedcom-relations.xml">GEDCOM RuleML
0.7</a>, with rules on family relationships (child, spouse, etc.), has been made
available: <a href="http://www.ruleml.org/lib/gedcom/gedcom-relations0.8.ruleml">GEDCOM
RuleML 0.8</a> (View | Page Source). <br/> This is Elina Hotman's result of having <a
href="http://www.daml.org/2001/02/gedcom-ruleml/gedcom-relations.xml">GEDCOM RuleML
0.7</a> (local copy: <a href="http://www.ruleml.org/lib/gedcom/gedcom-relations0.7.xml"
>GEDCOM RuleML 0.7</a>), first transformed by the XSLT stylesheet <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/lib/gedcom/ruleml2rfml_gedcom.xsl"
>ruleml2rfml_gedcom.xsl</a> (a <a href="http://www.relfun.org/ruleml/rfml-ruleml.html"
>translator</a> version of <a href="http://www.relfun.org/ruleml/ruleml2rfml.xsl"
>ruleml2rfml.xsl</a>) to the -- likewise positional -- <a
href="http://www.relfun.org/rfml/">RFML</a> form <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/lib/gedcom/gedcom-relations0.8.rfml">GEDCOM RFML 0.8</a>,
and then having that further transformed by the XSLT stylesheet <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/lib/gedcom/rfml2ruleml_gedcom.xsl"
>rfml2ruleml_gedcom.xsl</a> (a <a href="http://www.relfun.org/ruleml/rfml-ruleml.html"
>translator</a> version of <a href="http://www.relfun.org/ruleml/rfml2ruleml.xsl"
>rfml2ruleml.xsl</a>) to the -- role-using -- RuleML 0.8 form <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/lib/gedcom/gedcom-relations0.8.ruleml">GEDCOM RuleML
0.8</a>. <br/> Coincidentally, <a href="http://www.agfa.com/w3c/jdroo/">Jos De Roo</a>
used <a href="http://www.daml.org/2001/02/gedcom-ruleml/gedcom-relations.xml">GEDCOM
RuleML 0.7</a> to generate <a href="http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/gedcom-relations.n3"
>GEDCOM N3</a>, from which <a href="mailto:jonathan@openhealth.org">Jonathan Borden</a>
generated <a href="http://www.openhealth.org/RDF/gedcom-relations-xt.xml">GEDCOM RDFxt</a>
(<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2002Mar/0085.html"
>www-webont-wg -- LANG: GEDCOM N3 as RDFxt</a>). Thus, <a
href="http://www.daml.org/2001/02/gedcom-ruleml/">GEDCOM</a> looks like a good benchmark
for transforming between RuleML and related systems (future transformers should directly
start off from <a href="http://www.ruleml.org/lib/gedcom/gedcom-relations0.8.ruleml"
>GEDCOM RuleML 0.8</a> or higher). A draft specification for the original <a
href="http://www.familysearch.org/GEDCOM/GedXML60.pdf">GEDCOM XML</a> is available. </item>
<item> 2002-06-24: <a href="mailto:sabrina.scherer@dfki.de?subject=RACSA">Sabrina
Scherer</a> and <a href="mailto:benjamin.olschok@dfki.de?subject=RACSA">Benjamin
Olschok</a>, University of Saarbrücken, in cooperation with <a
href="http://www.cs.unb.ca/~boley/">Harold Boley</a>, DFKI, have completed the prototype
of a Rule-Applying Comparison-Shopping Agent, <a href="http://www.dfki.de/racsa"
>RACSA</a>, which takes into account various (discount-like) rules for computing the
special price a customer will be offered. RACSA is based on RuleML, Mandarax, and Java; it
is currently being developed for comparing refrigerator end prices in the German and
European market, but can be easily adapted to other products and/or markets. A RACSA
servlet and the comparison-shopping rulebases will soon be made available <a
href="http://www.dfki.de/racsa">here</a> for testing. </item>
<item> 2002-07-08: <a href="mailto:stabet@ruleml.org">Said Tabet</a> created an <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/jess/RuleMLTransform.xsl">XSLT stylesheet</a> for
transforming from a version of RuleML to Jess. This is exemplified by an animal rulebase
transformed from its neutral <a href="http://www.ruleml.org/jess/rules1.xml">RuleML
version</a> (<a href="http://www.ruleml.org/jess/rules1.xml.txt">rules1.xml.txt</a>)
into a forward-reasoning <a href="http://www.ruleml.org/jess/rules1.clp">Jess version</a>.
The full Java environment for running this is available from <a
href="mailto:stabet@ruleml.org">Said Tabet</a>. </item>
<item> 2004-02-27: The New Brunswick Business Knowledge Base, <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/usecases/nbbizkb/">NBBizKB</a>, was created as a major use
case for <a href="indoo">OO RuleML</a>. </item>
<item> 2004-05-15: Based on the RuleML and <a
href="http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/cofi/">Cofi</a> projects, the Rule-Applying
Collaborative Filtering System (<a
href="http://www.ondelette.com/lemire/abstracts/COLA2003.html">RACOFI</a>) has meanwhile
led to a portal for publishing, searching, and rating independent music in MP3 (<a
href="http://www.indiscover.net/">inDiscover</a>). </item>
<item> 2005-09-13: The <a href="http://www.ruleml.org/usecases/chemxelem/">ChemXelem</a> use
case consists of a RuleML knowledge base about the Periodic System of the Elements
generated from a non-XML source. </item>
<item> 2008-07-31: RuleML/XML and RuleML/POSL rulebases have been built for Expert Finding
(<a href="http://www.ruleml.org/usecases/foaf/findxprt/">FindXpRT</a>), eTourism (<a
href="http://ruleml.org/usecases/etourplan/">eTourPlan</a>), Health Information
Retrieval (<a href="http://gge.athost.net/">http://gge.athost.net</a>), and Personal
Agents (<a href="http://responder.ruleml.org/">Rule Responder</a>). </item>
<item> 2010-12-28: The well-known Wine Ontology is made available as a sizeable RuleML Use
Case in Web rule conversion, upgrading, and normalization (<a
href="http://ruleml.org/usecases/wineonto/">WineOnto</a>) </item>
</itemize>
</p>
</section>
<section label="Papers-Publications">
<header>Publications</header>
<!--<p> Check out some <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=RuleML">Google Scholar results
for RuleML</a>. </p> -->
<itemize>
<item><b><big>Please see the RuleML Wiki
<a href="http://wiki.ruleml.org/index.php/Publications:Master">Publications Page</a>
for all RuleML-related publications.</big></b>
</item>
<!--<item>David Hirtle, <a href="http://www.ruleml.org/translator/TRANSLATOR-CaSTA.pdf"
>TRANSLATOR: A TRANSlator from LAnguage TO Rules</a>, Canadian Symposium on Text Analysis
(CaSTA), Fredericton, October 2006. </item>
<item> Marcel Ball, Harold Boley, David Hirtle, Jing Mei, Bruce Spencer: <a
href="http://www.ruleml.org/w3c-ws-rules/implementing-ruleml-w3c-ws.html">Implementing
RuleML Using Schemas, Translators, and Bidirectional Interpreters</a>, <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2004/12/rules-ws/">W3C Workshop on Rule Languages for