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체크리스트를 포함하고 있습니다. + +단계별, 주제별로 부족한 부분이 있으실 경우 해당 주제를 학습하고 배경지식을 쌓은 뒤에 DE4E를 참고하시는 것을 추천드립니다. + +한 가지 기쁜 소식은 DE4E는 모두를 위한 데이터 엔지니어링을 주제로 작성된 프로젝트이기에 대부분의 주제를 보다 쉽고 명확하게 전달해 드릴 예정입니다 😃 + +그럼 단계별로 핵심 주제들을 하나씩 살펴볼까요? + +## Fundamentals +* CS Fundamentals +* Introduction to DE4E: Data Engineering for Everybody +* Introduction to Data Engineering +* Introduction Shell Programming and Data Processing in Shell +* Introduction to Bash Scripting +* Python Programming +* Introduction to Relational Databases in SQL +* Pandas for data processing +* Database Design +* Introduction to Apache Airflow +* Introduction to PySpark +

+ +## Intermediate +* Efficient Python Code +* Writing Function in Python +* Unit Testing for Data Science in Python +* OOP(Object-Oriented Programming) in Python +* Big Data Fundamentals with PySpark +* Data Analysis in SQL +* Messaging +* Monitoring +* Networking +

+ +## Advanced +* Cleaning Data with PySpark +* Introduction to IaaC(Infrastructure as Code) +* Introduction to CI/CD(Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery) +* Introduction to Data security & Privacy +* Introduction to DevOps +* Introduction to DataOps +* Introduction to Data Visualization +* Machine Learning Fundamentals +* Machine Learning Ops +

+ + +## Background Knowledge +* About Data Engineering +* Data Literacy +* Data Analyst vs Data Engineer vs Data Science +* Data Engineer's responsibilities +* Structured Data, Semi-Structured Data and Unstructured Data +* OLTP vs OLAP +* ETL, ELT and Reverse ETL +* Change Data Capture(CDC) +* Data Lake vs Data warehouse +* Lake house +* Data engineers process +* Batch Data vs Streaming Data +* Batch processing vs Stream processing +* Scheduling +* Hadoop Ecosystem +* Parallel computing +* Introduction to Cloud Computing +

+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.0_about_bigdata.md b/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.0_about_bigdata.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..793148f --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.0_about_bigdata.md @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +# 우리는 빅데이터 시대에 살고 있습니다 + +## A DAY IN DATA +![A day in Data](./images/1.0_a_day_in_data.png) + +> 💡 2025년까지 전 세계적으로 매일 463엑사바이트의 데이터가 생성될 것으로 예상됩니다. 이는 하루에 212,765,957개의 DVD에 해당합니다! + +- 5억 개의 트윗이 전송됩니다! +- 2,940억 개의 이메일이 전송됩니다!! +- 4페타바이트의 데이터가 Facebook에서 생성됩니다!!! +- 커넥티드카 1대당 4테라바이트의 데이터 생성됩니다!!!! +- 650억 개의 메시지가 WhatsApp으로 전송됩니다!!!!! +- 50억번 검색이 발생합니다!!!!! + +![How much data is generated each day?](./images/1.0_a_day_in_data_2.png) + +*→ 2019년 기준의 데이터만해도 위와 같은데… 2023년인 현재는 얼마나 더 많은 데이터가 발생하고 있을지 짐작이 가시나요?!* 😅 + + +## Data Literacy(데이터 문해력) + + +> 빅데이터 시대에서 가장 중요한 역량은 `데이터 분석 및 해석 능력`입니다. +> + +![데이터를 정보로서 읽고 이해하고 생성하고 전달할 수 있는 역량이 중요해지는 시대에 살고있습니다.](./images/1.0_data_literacy.png) + +데이터를 정보로서 읽고 이해하고 생성하고 전달할 수 있는 역량이 중요해지는 시대에 살고있습니다. + +- `데이터 분석 및 해석 능력(살펴보기)` + + ![데이터를 분석하고 해석하는 역량을 ‘Data Literacy’라고 정의할 수 있습니다. 위키피디아에서는 ‘Data Literacy’를 다음과 같이 정의했습니다. 데이터를 정보로 읽고 이해하고 생성하고 전달할 수 있는 능력이다. 데이터 작업과 관련된 역량에 중점을 둔다. 데이터를 읽고 이해하기 위해서 기술적인 역량이 필요할수도 있다.](./images/1.0_data_literacy_term.png) + + 데이터를 분석하고 해석하는 역량을 ‘Data Literacy’라고 정의할 수 있습니다. 위키피디아에서는 ‘Data Literacy’를 다음과 같이 정의했습니다. 데이터를 정보로 읽고 이해하고 생성하고 전달할 수 있는 능력이다. 데이터 작업과 관련된 역량에 중점을 둔다. 데이터를 읽고 이해하기 위해서 기술적인 역량이 필요할수도 있다. + + 빅데이터는 막대한 양의 데이터를 생성하고 저장할 수 있는 기술을 통해 수집된 데이터를 의미합니다. 이러한 데이터는 기업, 정부, 학계 등에서 중요한 의사결정에 영향을 미치는데 사용됩니다. 그러나 데이터만 수집한다고 해서 충분한 것은 아닙니다. + + 데이터를 분석하고 해석하여 의미 있는 정보를 추출하고 이를 토대로 문제를 해결하거나 기회를 찾아내는 것이 중요합니다. 따라서 빅데이터 시대에는 데이터 분석 기술과 통계학적 지식, 데이터 시각화 능력 등이 필요합니다. + + 또한, 컴퓨터 프로그래밍과 기계 학습, 인공지능 등의 기술적 지식도 중요합니다. 이러한 기술을 활용하여 빅데이터를 처리하고 분석하는데 있어서 더욱 높은 효율성과 정확성을 달성할 수 있기 때문입니다. + + 마지막으로, 커뮤니케이션 능력도 중요합니다. 데이터 분석 결과를 이해하기 어려운 사람들에게 설명하고 그들이 이를 활용할 수 있도록 지원하는 것이 빅데이터 분석가의 중요한 역할 중 하나입니다. 따라서 빅데이터 분석가는 기술적인 역량과 커뮤니케이션 능력을 모두 갖추어야 합니다. + + + + +- `빅데이터 시대에 데이터 엔지니어에게 요구되는 역량(살펴보기)` + 1. `데이터베이스 기술`: 데이터 엔지니어는 대량의 데이터를 수집, 저장, 처리할 수 있는 데이터베이스 기술에 대한 이해가 필요합니다. 특히, 분산 데이터베이스, NoSQL, Hadoop, Spark 등과 같은 대용량 데이터 처리 기술에 대한 이해가 필요합니다. + 2. `프로그래밍`: 데이터 엔지니어는 데이터 처리를 자동화하고, 데이터 플로우를 최적화하기 위해 프로그래밍 기술이 필요합니다. 특히, Python, Java, Scala 등과 같은 프로그래밍 언어에 대한 이해와 사용 경험이 필요합니다. + 3. `클라우드 컴퓨팅`: 클라우드 컴퓨팅 기술을 활용하여 대규모 데이터를 저장하고 처리할 수 있어야 합니다. 데이터 엔지니어는 AWS, Azure, Google Cloud Platform 등과 같은 클라우드 플랫폼에 대한 이해와 사용 경험이 필요합니다. + 4. `분산 시스템`: 데이터 엔지니어는 대규모 데이터를 처리하는 분산 시스템에 대한 이해가 필요합니다. 특히, Hadoop, Spark, Kafka, Flink 등과 같은 분산 시스템을 이해하고 사용할 수 있어야 합니다. + 5. `데이터 아키텍처`: 데이터 엔지니어는 데이터 아키텍처를 설계하고, 데이터 파이프라인을 구축하는 역할을 수행합니다. 이를 위해 데이터 모델링, 데이터 아키텍처 설계, ETL 등의 지식과 경험이 필요합니다. + 6. `문제 해결 능력`: 데이터 엔지니어는 대량의 데이터를 다루는 과정에서 생기는 문제를 해결하기 위한 능력이 필요합니다. 따라서 데이터 분석, 시스템 튜닝 등의 문제 해결 능력이 요구됩니다. + 7. `커뮤니케이션 능력`: 데이터 엔지니어는 데이터 관련 이슈를 비전문가에게 설명하고, 데이터와 관련된 의사 결정을 지원하는 역할을 수행합니다. 따라서 커뮤니케이션 능력이 요구됩니다. + +여기에 데이터 품질(Data Quality)를 보장하는 엔지니어링 역량이 더욱 중요해질 것 같다는 생각을 하게 되었습니다. 자세한 사항은 뒤에서 다루도록 하겠습니다! + + +##  📘 함께 보면 좋은 자료 + +### 5기 스터디 자료 - Data Engineer with Python + + + + +[ 📘  Data Engineer with Python 정리 노트](https://file.notion.so/f/s/d26914d0-cb22-42c2-8985-dd60c14f39d6/Week1_Introduction_to_Data_Engineering.pdf?id=1ace0eb5-cf57-4bb1-badb-2a43e2f670f5&table=block&spaceId=333f96cf-396d-45ff-8331-232d41bd4d55&expirationTimestamp=1680437645135&signature=8mEwbqmv8e2CbQY63RbzUzQ4HxX76GIjfMu1iEfKqkg&downloadName=Week1_Introduction+to+Data+Engineering.pdf) + +## Introduction to Data Engineering +- Data Engineer vs Data Scientist +- Introduction to Data Engineering + - Cloud Computing +- Data Engineering Toolbox + - Database + - Structured data and unstructured data + - SQL and NoSQL + - Parallel computing + - Parallel computation frameworks + - workflow scheduling frameworks + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.1_what_is_data_engineering.md b/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.1_what_is_data_engineering.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..424e2e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.1_what_is_data_engineering.md @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +# 1.1. 데이터 엔지니어링이란 무엇일까? + +- 데이터 엔지니어링에 대한 정의 +- 데이터 엔지니어의 역할 +- 데이터 엔지니어의 핵심 역량 + +## 1.1.1. 데이터 엔지니어링이란? + +> `데이터 엔지니어링`은 데이터를 대규모로 수집, 저장 및 분석하기 위한 시스템을 설계하고 구축하는 작업입니다. + +거의 모든 산업 분야에 적용되는 광범위한 분야입니다. 하나의 조직은 방대한 양의 데이터를 수집할 수 있는 능력이 필요하며 데이터 과학자와 분석가에게 데이터가 도달할 때까지 사용 가능한 상태가 되도록 `올바른 사람과 기술`이 필요합니다. + +뒤에서 다룰 ‘Data Engineering Lifecycle’을 미리 살펴보면서 데이터 엔지니어가 하는 일을 머릿속으로 그려보도록 하겠습니다. +

+ +📌 ***What Is the Data Engineering Lifecycle? - O’Reilly Medea. Fundamentals of Data Engineering*** +> `The data engineering lifecycle` comprises stages that turn raw data ingredients into a useful end product, ready for consumption by analysts, data scientists, ML engineers, and others. +> + +*→ 데이터 엔지니어링 수명 주기(Data Engineering LIfecycle)는 원시 데이터를 분석가, 데이터 과학자, ML 엔지니어 등이 사용할 수 있는 유용한 최종 제품으로 전환하는 단계로 구성됩니다.* + +![Untitled](./images/1.1_data_engineering_life_cycle.png) + +지금은 이 다이어그램이 이해가 되지 않으셔도 됩니다! 오늘의 목표는 다이어그램의 의미를 이해하는 것입니다! + +## 1.2.1. 데이터 엔지니어의 역할 및 핵심 역량 + + + +### 📌 Data Engineer vs Data Scientist by DataCamp + + + +[Data Scientist vs Data Engineer by Data Camp](https://www.datacamp.com/blog/data-scientist-vs-data-engineer) + +![Untitled](./images/1.1_comparison_data_scientist_and_data_engineer.png) + +> 데이터 엔지니어는 데이터베이스 및 대규모 처리 시스템과 같은 아키텍처를 `구성, 개발, 테스트 및 유지 관리`하는 사람입니다. 반면에 데이터 과학자는 (큰)데이터를 `정리, 처리 및 활용` 하는 사람입니다. +> + +### 데이터 엔지니어의 역할 + +- `원시 데이터 처리` + - 사람, 기계 또는 기기의 오류가 포함된 원시 데이터를 처리(raw data)합니다 + - 데이터가 검증되지 않고 의심스러운 레코드를 포함할 수 있습니다 + - 또한 형식이 지정되지 않으며 시스템에 특화된(system-specific) 코드를 포함할 수 있습니다 +- `데이터 신뢰성, 효율성 및 품질 개선` + - 데이터 엔지니어는 데이터 신뢰성, 효율성 및 품질을 개선하는 방법을 권장하고 때로는 구현해야 합니다 + - 다양한 언어와 도구를 사용하여 시스템을 결합하거나 다른 시스템에서 새로운 데이터를 얻을 수 있는 기회를 찾아야합니다 +- `데이터 제공` + - 데이터 사이언스팀에 데이터를 전달하기 위해 데이터 모델링, 마이닝 및 생산을 위한 데이터 세트 프로세스를 개발해야 합니다 + +### 데이터 과학자의 역할 + +- `통계적 방법 및 머신러닝 사용` + - 일반적으로 1차 정제 및 조작을 통과한 데이터를 확보하고 있습니다. 이를 기반으로 정교한 분석 프로그램, 머신 러닝 및 예측 및 처방 모델링에 사용할 데이터를 준비하는 통계적 방법에 사용할 수 있습니다 +- `다양한 데이터 활용` + - 모델을 구축하기 위해 산업 및 비즈니스 질문을 조사해야 하며 비즈니스 요구 사항에 답변하기 위해 내부 및 외부 소스의 대량 데이터를 활용해야 하기도 합니다 +- `비즈니스 이해 관계자에게 보고 및 프로덕트 개선` + - 데이터 과학자가 분석을 완료한 후에는 주요 이해 관계자에게 명확한 이야기를 제시해야 하며 결과가 수락되면 비즈니스 이해 관계자에게 통찰력을 전달할 수 있도록 작업이 자동화되었는지 확인해야 합니다 + +![Untitled](./images/1.1_responsibilities.png) + +- `데이터 엔지니어`는 ETL 목적을 위해 데이터베이스 시스템, 데이터 API 및 도구로 작업하고 데이터 모델링 및 데이터 웨어하우스 설정에 관여합니다. +- `데이터 과학자`는 예측 모델을 구축하기 위해 통계, 수학 및 기계 학습에 대해 알아야 합니다. +- `데이터 과학자` 는 데이터 엔지니어링 팀에서 처리한 데이터에 대한 액세스 권한을 얻어야 하므로 분산 컴퓨팅에 대해 알고 있어야 하지만 비즈니스 이해 관계자에게 보고할 수 있어야 합니다. 스토리텔링과 시각화에 중점을 두는 것이 필수적입니다. + +![Untitled](./images/1.1_data_science_workflow.png) +데이터 자체에 대한 이해.조작을 주로 하는 직무가 데이터 엔지니어라면 이러한 데이터에 기반하여 머신러닝 모형을 만들고 시각화를 하여 경영진에 보고하는 역할을 하는 직무가 데이터 과학자입니다 + +![Untitled](./images/1.1_languages_tools_software.png) + +![Untitled](./images/1.1_data_engineer_scientist_background.png) + +![Untitled](./images/1.1_job_outlook_in_the_usa.png) + +![Untitled](./images/1.1_data_engineer_infographic.png) +2015년 Data Camp의 ‘The Data Science Industry: Who Does What (Infographic)’ 게시글에서는 데이터 엔지니어를 ‘All-purpose everyman’이라고 표현했네요…! 한국에서는 ‘데이터 잡부’라는 오명을 쓰고 있지만… 잡부 보다는 팔방미인이 더 어울리는 직군인 것 같습니다! + + +## Appendix - Data 직군 비교하기 +> Data Engineer, Data Scientist 외에도 다양한 역할이 존재합니다 +> +![Untitled](./images/1.1_comparing_data_management_roles.png) + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.2_data_engineering_use_case.md b/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.2_data_engineering_use_case.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5434731 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.2_data_engineering_use_case.md @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +# 1.2. 사례를 통해 알아보는 데이터 엔지니어링 + + + +- `데이터 엔지니어링 생애주기(Data Engineering Life Cycle)`: 데이터 엔지니어링 생애 주기에 대해 알아봅니다 +- `데이터 분석 아키텍처(Data Analytice Architecture)`: 데이터 분석 플랫폼에 활용되는 데이터 아키텍처에 대해 알아봅니다 +- `데이터 엔지니어링 프로젝트(Data Engineering Project) 사례 학습`: 일반적인 데이터 엔지니어링 프로젝트에 대해 알아봅니다 +- `데이터 엔지니어링 용어정리 (* Data Engineering Term)` + - 데이터 베이스(Database): 데이터 엔지니어링의 시작점 + - 데이터 처리(Data Processing): 데이터 엔지니어의 기본 소양 + - 데이터 아키텍처(Data Architecture): 데이터 엔지니어의 일터 + - 데이터 파이프라인(Data Pipeline): 데이터 업무 자동화 + - 데이터 품질(Data Quality): 늦었다고 생각했을 때가 가장 빠르다 1 + - 데이터 계보(Data Lineage): 늦었다고 생각했을 때가 가장 빠르다 2 +- `데이터 엔지니어링 생애주기(Data Engineering Life Cycle)`: 데이터 엔지니어링 생애 주기에 대해 알아봅니다 + +## 1.2.1. `📌 Data Engineering Lifecycle?` + +(feat. ***O’Reilly Medea. Fundamentals of Data Engineering)*** + +> `The data engineering lifecycle` comprises stages that turn raw data ingredients into a useful end product, ready for consumption by analysts, data scientists, ML engineers, and others. +> + +*데이터 엔지니어링 수명 주기(Data Engineering Lifecycle)는 원시 데이터를 분석가, 데이터 과학자, ML 엔지니어 등이 사용할 수 있는 유용한 최종 제품으로 전환하는 단계로 구성됩니다.* + +앞서 데이터 엔지니어링에 대해 알아봤습니다. + +> `데이터 엔지니어링`은 데이터를 대규모로 수집, 저장 및 분석하기 위한 시스템을 설계하고 구축하는 작업입니다. +> + +데이터 엔지니어링의 각 과정을 세분화하면 아래의 다이어그램과 같이 표현할 수 있습니다. 이러한 프로세스를 Data Engineering Lifecycle라고 합니다. + +![Untitled](./images/1.1_data_engineering_life_cycle.png) + +데이터 엔지니어링 생애주기를 떠올리며 하나씩 살펴보도록 하겠습니다! + +- `Generation`: 운영되고 있는 서비스에서 저장되는 데이터, 사용자의 행위로부터 발생하는 이벤트 데이터, 외부 API 데이터 등 다양한 경로에서 발생하는 데이터를 일반적으로 소스 데이터(Source Data)라고 부릅니다. 이렇게 다양한 경로에서 발생하는 다양한 유형의 데이터(Structured, Semi-Structured, Unstructured)는 데이터 엔지니어링의 시작점이라고 할 수 있습니다. +- `Ingestion`: 다양한 경로에서 발생하는 다양한 유형의 데이터 중 목적에 맞는 데이터를 수집하는 단계를 Ingestion 단계라고 표현할 수 있습니다. ETL(Extract, Transform, Load) 프로세스에서 Extract와 같은 의미로 사용되곤합니다. +- `Transformation`: 변환(Transformation) 단계란 간단히 말하면 ‘데이터를 처리하는 단계’라고 표현할 수 있습니다. 변환과 관련 된 작업들은 목적에 따라 다양합니다. 단순 Attribute를 선택하는 작업부터 코드 값을 변환하는 작업부터 , 데이터 생성 시간을 추가하는 작업, Column을 여러개로 나누는 작업, 다양한 소스 데이터를 조인하는 작업등이 있습니다. +- `Serving`: “저장소에 저장된 데이터를 필요한 조직, 서비스에 전달하는 단계” + - 먼저 분석 및 BI용 데이터를 제공합니다. 통계 분석, 보고 및 대시보드에 사용할 데이터를 준비합니다. 이것은 가장 전통적인 데이터 서비스 영역입니다. 틀림없이 IT와 데이터베이스보다 앞서지만 이해 관계자가 비즈니스, 조직 및 재무 프로세스에 대한 가시성을 확보하는 것이 그 어느 때보다 중요합니다. + - 둘째, ML 애플리케이션용 데이터를 제공합니다. ML은 적절하게 준비된 고품질 데이터 없이는 불가능합니다. 데이터 엔지니어는 데이터 과학자 및 ML 엔지니어와 협력하여 모델 교육에 필요한 데이터를 수집, 변환 및 제공합니다. + - 셋째, 역 ETL을 통해 데이터를 제공합니다. *`역방향 ETL`은* 데이터를 데이터 원본으로 다시 보내는 프로세스입니다. 예를 들어 광고 기술 플랫폼에서 데이터를 수집하고 이 데이터에 대한 통계 프로세스를 실행하여 클릭당 비용 입찰가를 결정한 다음 이 데이터를 다시 광고 기술 플랫폼에 제공할 수 있습니다. 역 ETL은 BI 및 ML과 매우 얽혀 있습니다. + + ![Untitled](./images/1.2_etl_reverse_etl_process.png) + + +*→ 이 외에 `보안`, `데이터 관리`, `데이터 옵스`, `데이터 아키텍처`, `오케스트레이션`, `소프트웨어 엔지니어링` 등 다양한 기술과 패턴을 적용한 종합 예술이라고 할 수 있습니다!* + +## 1.2.2. 📌 Data Analytics Architecture - **Logical architecture of modern data lake centric analytics platforms** + +- `Modern Data Like Centric Analytics Platforms` + + ![Untitled](./images/1.2_modern_data_lake_centric_analytics_platforms.png) + + > 데이터 레이크 중심 분석 아키텍처를 각 계층이 `여러 구성 요소로 구성된 6개의 논리적 계층 스택으로 상상`할 수 있습니다. 계층화된 구성 요소 지향 아키텍처는 관심사 분리, 작업 분리 및 유연성을 촉진합니다. 이는 새로운 데이터 소스를 신속하게 통합하고, 새로운 분석 방법을 지원하고, 분석 환경의 빠른 변화 속도를 따라잡는 데 필요한 도구를 추가하는 데 필요한 민첩성을 제공합니다. 다음 섹션에서는 각 논리적 계층의 주요 책임, 기능 및 통합을 살펴봅니다. + > + + ### 수집 계층(Ingestion layer) + + `수집 계층`은 데이터를 데이터 레이크로 가져오는 역할을 합니다. 다양한 프로토콜을 통해 내부 및 외부 데이터 소스에 연결할 수 있는 기능을 제공합니다. 배치 및 스트리밍 데이터를 스토리지 계층으로 수집할 수 있습니다. 수집 계층은 수집된 데이터를 데이터 저장소 계층(오브젝트 저장소, 데이터베이스 및 웨어하우스 포함)의 다양한 대상 세트로 전달하는 역할도 담당합니다. + + ### 스토리지 레이어(**Storage layer)** + + `스토리지 계층`은 방대한 양의 데이터를 저장하기 위해 내구성 있고 확장 가능하며 안전하고 비용 효율적인 구성 요소를 제공하는 역할을 합니다. 구조화되지 않은 데이터와 다양한 구조 및 형식의 데이터 세트 저장을 지원합니다. 먼저 대상 스키마 또는 형식을 준수하도록 구조화할 필요 없이 소스 데이터를 있는 그대로 저장할 수 있습니다. 다른 모든 계층의 구성 요소는 스토리지 계층과의 손쉬운 기본 통합을 제공합니다. 조직 전체의 다양한 페르소나에 대한 소비 준비 상태에 따라 데이터를 저장하기 위해 스토리지 계층은 다음 영역으로 구성됩니다. + + - **원시 영역(Raw zone)** + + – 수집 계층의 구성 요소가 데이터를 저장하는 스토리지 영역입니다. 데이터가 있는 그대로 소스에서 수집되는 임시 영역입니다. 일반적으로 데이터 엔지니어링 페르소나는 이 영역에 저장된 데이터와 상호 작용합니다. + + - **정리된 영역(Cleaned zone)** + + – `예비 품질 검사` 후 원시 영역의 데이터는 영구 저장을 위해 정리된 영역으로 이동됩니다. 여기서 데이터는 원래 형식으로 저장됩니다.  + + 정리된 영역에 모든 소스의 모든 데이터를 영구적으로 저장하면 다운스트림 스토리지 영역에서 오류 또는 데이터 손실이 발생하는 경우 다운스트림 데이터 처리를 "재생(replay)"할 수 있습니다. 일반적으로 데이터 엔지니어링 및 데이터 과학 페르소나는 이 영역에 저장된 데이터와 상호 작용합니다. + + - **선별된 영역(Curated zone)** + + – 이 영역은 가장 사용 준비가 된 상태에 있고 조직 표준 및 데이터 모델을 준수하는 데이터를 호스팅합니다. 선별된 영역의 데이터 세트는 일반적으로 소비 계층에서 효율적이고 비용 효율적인 액세스를 지원하는 형식으로 분할, 카탈로그화 및 저장됩니다.  + + 처리 계층은 원시 영역의 데이터를 정리, 정규화, 표준화 및 강화한 후 큐레이팅된 영역에서 데이터 세트를 생성합니다. 조직 전체의 모든 페르소나는 이 영역에 저장된 데이터를 사용하여 비즈니스 결정을 내립니다. + + ![drawio_1.png](./images/1.2_modern_data_lake_centric_analytics_platform_edit.png) + + ### 처리 계층(**Processing layer)** + + `처리 계층`은 데이터 유효성 검사, 정리, 정규화, 변환 및 강화를 통해 데이터를 소비 가능한 상태로 변환하는 역할을 합니다. + 랜딩, 원시 및 선별된 영역을 따라 `데이터 세트의 소비 준비 상태를 개선`하고 원시 및 변환된 `데이터에 대한 메타데이터를 카탈로그 계층에 등록`하는 일을 담당합니다. 처리 계층은 올바른 데이터 세트 특성 및 당면한 처리 작업과 일치하도록 특수 제작된 데이터 처리 구성 요소로 구성됩니다.  + + 처리 계층은 대량의 데이터를 처리하고 읽을 때 `스키마, 분할된 데이터 및 다양한 데이터 형식을 지원`할 수 있습니다.  + + 또한 처리 계층은 각 단계에 대해 특수 제작된 구성 요소를 사용하는 `다단계 데이터 처리 파이프라인을 구축`하고 `오케스트레이션`하는 기능을 제공합니다. + + ### 목록화 및 검색 레이어(**Cataloging and search layer)** + + `카탈로그 및 검색 계층`은 스토리지 계층에서 호스팅되는 데이터 세트에 대한 비즈니스 및 기술 메타데이터를 저장하는 역할을 합니다. 레이크에서 스키마 및 데이터 세트 정보의 세분화된 분할을 추적하는 기능을 제공합니다. 또한 메타데이터의 변경 사항을 추적하기 위해 버전을 추적하는 메커니즘을 지원합니다. 데이터 레이크의 데이터 세트 수가 증가함에 따라 이 계층은 검색 기능을 제공하여 데이터 레이크의 데이터 세트를 검색 가능하게 만듭니다. + + ### 소비층(**Consumption layer)** + + `소비 계층`은 확장 가능하고 성능이 뛰어난 도구를 제공하여 데이터 레이크의 방대한 양의 데이터에서 통찰력을 얻습니다. SQL, 배치 분석, BI 대시보드, 보고 및 ML을 포함하여 분석 방법을 지원하는 몇 가지 목적에 맞게 구축된 분석 도구를 통해 조직 전체의 모든 페르소나에서 분석을 민주화합니다. 소비 계층은 기본적으로 데이터 레이크의 스토리지, 카탈로그 및 보안 계층과 통합됩니다. 소비 계층의 구성 요소는 읽기 시 스키마, 다양한 데이터 구조 및 형식을 지원하고 비용 및 성능 최적화를 위해 데이터 분할을 사용합니다. + + ### 보안 및 거버넌스 계층(**Security and governance layer)** + + `보안 및 거버넌스 계층`은 스토리지 계층의 데이터 보호와 다른 모든 계층의 리소스 처리를 담당합니다. 액세스 제어, 암호화, 네트워크 보호, 사용량 모니터링 및 감사를 위한 메커니즘을 제공합니다. 보안 계층은 또한 다른 계층에 있는 모든 구성 요소의 활동을 모니터링하고 자세한 감사 추적을 생성합니다. 다른 모든 계층의 구성 요소는 보안 및 거버넌스 계층과의 기본 통합을 제공합니다. + + +## 1.2.3. Data Lineage + +![Untitled](./images/1.2_data_reliability_engineering_principles.png) + +![Untitled](./images/1.2_data_reliability_engineering_life_cycle.png) + +> Treating data quality like an engineering problem +> + +`Data Reliability Engineering`이란 데이터 팀이 데이터 환경의 반복 속도를 잃지 않고 주요 응용 프로그램(의사 결정, AI/ML 프로젝트 및 내장된 분석)에서 사용하기에 적합한 상태를 유지하기 위해 데이터 팀이 채택해야 하는 주요 사례 + +- `Data Lineage(Option)` + + ![Untitled](./images/1.2_data_lineage_architecture_example.png) + + 다음 다이어그램은 솔루션 아키텍처를 보여줍니다. AWS Glue Spark ETL 작업을 사용하여 데이터 수집, 변환 및 로드를 수행합니다. Spline 에이전트는 각 AWS Glue 작업에서 계보(lineage)를 캡처하고 지표를 실행하고 이러한 데이터를 계보 REST API로 전송하도록 구성됩니다. [이 백엔드는 Amazon API Gateway](https://aws.amazon.com/api-gateway) 및 [AWS Lambda](http://aws.amazon.com/lambda) 기능 으로 구동되는 생산자 및 소비자 엔드포인트로 구성됩니다 . 생산자 엔드포인트는 들어오는 계보 개체를 Neptune 데이터베이스에 저장하기 전에 처리합니다. 소비자 엔드포인트를 사용하여 프런트엔드 애플리케이션에서 다양한 시각화를 위한 특정 계보 그래프를 추출합니다. Neptune 노트북을 통해 그래프에 대한 임시 대화형 분석을 수행합니다. + + [Build data lineage for data lakes using AWS Glue, Amazon Neptune, and Spline | Amazon Web Services](https://aws.amazon.com/ko/blogs/big-data/build-data-lineage-for-data-lakes-using-aws-glue-amazon-neptune-and-spline/) + + +## 📌 Recap: ***What Is the Data Engineering Lifecycle?*** + +![Untitled](./images/1.1_data_engineering_life_cycle.png) + +Data Engineering Life Cycle을 떠올리며 국내 IT 서비스 기업의 사례를 살펴보겠습니다. + + +## 1.2.4. 국내 기업 사례(카카오 데이터 엔지니어링) + +**`카카오의 데이터 엔지니어링`** + +> 이제부터는 일반적인 이야기보다는 카카오의 데이터 엔지니어링에 대해 이야기하겠습니다. 앞서 이야기했듯이 회사마다 정의하는 업무가 다르기 때문입니다. +> + +![https://tech.kakao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/02-9-802x322.png](https://tech.kakao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/02-9-802x322.png) + +카카오의 수많은 서비스들의 데이터는 데이터 파이프라인으로 모이고 이 수많은 데이터는 쓰기 편하고 안전한 형태로 가공이 되어 저장이 됩니다. + +이 빅 데이터를 활용해서 서비스에서 의사 결정을 할 수 있는 분석 시스템을 만들고, 데이터 사이언티스트는 고도화된 분석을 하며 AI/ML 업무를 수행합니다. + +- `카**카오 데이터 엔지니어가 하는 업무와 필요한 능력**` + + ### 카카오 데이터 엔지니어가 하는 업무와 필요한 능력을 이야기해보겠습니다. + + > 주로 하는 일은 역시 다양한 소스에서 발생하는 데이터를 수집, 가공, 저장 하는 일인 것 같습니다. + 이렇게 수집.가공.저장된 데이터를 분석에 활용하고 데이터 과학자, 서비스 조직과 협업하여 더 나은 서비스가 될 수 있도록 기여합니다! + > + + #### **수집, 가공, 저장** + + 수많은 서비스에서 생산된 수많은 데이터를 모을 수 있도록 `거대한 데이터 파이프라인을 설계, 구축`합니다. 모두가 쉽고 안전하게 다룰 수 있도록 `가공 처리`를 하며, 데이터의 성격에 따라 `스트리밍 혹은 배치 처리`를 합니다. 이것을 제대로 하려면 `적합한 기술들의 선택`과 `조화로운 설계`가 필요합니다. 그래서 쉬운 일이 아니고 더 많은 데이터 엔지니어가 필요한 근본적인 이유가 되지요. + + 스트리밍 데이터를 모으기 위해 logstash, fluentd 같은 수집기와 kafka, rabbitMQ 같은 MQ를 사용하고 스트리밍 데이터 가공을 위해 storm, flink, spark streaming 등을 사용합니다. 배치 처리는 hadoop MR, hive, spark 등을 사용하며 용도에 따라 다른 기술을 사용하기도 합니다. 이런 처리를 하는 환경에서는 프로그래밍이 필요하며 python, scala, java 같은 언어들이 주로 쓰이고 있습니다. + + #### **분석** + + 저장된 데이터에서 hive 등의 쿼리로 일회성 분석을 하기도 합니다. 그래서 데이터 엔지니어는 쿼리에 대한 이해가 필요합니다. visualization tool 을 통해 `self service BI` (직원 누구나 접속하여 분석할 수 있는 환경) 환경을 개발하기도 합니다. 데이터에 대한 이해와 시각화 툴에 대한 이해가 동시에 필요하겠죠. + + 위 두 분석 업무 중 중요한 데이터에 대해서는 서비스 조직에서 수시로 확인할 수 있도록 `analytics system을 개발`하기도 합니다.. 프로그래밍 능력도 필요하겠네요! + + #### **협업** + + 심화된 분석, ML, AI 등을 하는 `데이터 사이언티스트들과 협업`이 필요합니다. 어떤 데이터들을 쓰고 있고, 어떤 데이터들이 필요한지 알아야 일이 원활하게 진행이 되니까요. 일이 원활하게 진행이 된다면 서비스는 점점 더 사용자가 원하는 콘텐츠를 추천하게 될 것입니다. + + 이것이 `데이터의 힘`이죠. 더 나아가 데이터 사이언티스트의 업무도 잘 이해한다면 더 능력 있는 데이터 엔지니어가 되겠지요. + + `서비스 조직과 협업`도 필요합니다. 예를 들어 서비스에서 개편을 위해 ab test를 한다면 여러 가설을 세우고 실험을 하고 분석을 같이 해야 합니다. (이는 노하우가 생긴다면 프로세스화할 수 있겠죠.) + + 이후 서비스 개편 후에 대한 성과 분석 지표를 analytics system에 나오도록 한다면 이미 수집하고 있는 데이터로 충분한지 확인해보고, 부족하다면 니즈에 맞으며 확장성 있게 데이터를 추가 수집해야 합니다.그 후 원하는 성과 분석을 할 수 있도록 데이터를 설계하고 개발을 진행합니다. 이런 협업들을 잘 하려면 빅 데이터 경험이 필요하다보니 경험있는 데이터 엔지니어가 더 많이 필요해지는 것이고요. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.3_modern_data_engineering.md b/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.3_modern_data_engineering.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..053ce0d --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.3_modern_data_engineering.md @@ -0,0 +1,202 @@ +# 1.3. 데이터 엔지니어는 어떻게 진화하고 있을까? + +> 빅데이터 시대의 데이터 엔지니어와 AI 상용화 시대의 데이터 엔지니어의 역할은 어떻게 진화하고 있는지 알아보자! + +## 1.3.1. 데이터 엔지니어 커리어 패스 + + + +데이터 엔지니어의 경력 경로는 회사의 규모와 데이터 팀의 성숙도에 따라 달라질 수 있습니다. 그러나 대부분의 데이터 엔지니어는 일반적으로 다음 경로를 따릅니다. + +- 주니어 데이터 엔지니어 +- 중간 수준의 데이터 엔지니어 +- 선임 데이터 엔지니어 +- 고위 관리 역할 + +![Software Engineer와 Data Engineer의 커리어 패스는 비슷하면서도 다른 점들이 많은 것 같습니다 :)](./images/1.3_data_engineer_career_path.png) + +Software Engineer와 Data Engineer의 커리어 패스는 비슷하면서도 다른 점들이 많은 것 같습니다 :) + +### `📌 데이터 엔지니어 커리어 패스` +
+ 접기/펼치기 + +#### 주니어 데이터 엔지니어 + + > 나중에 경력에서 사용해야할 도구에 대해 배우고 실습 경험을 얻는 시간 + - 기존 시스템 유지 관리.지원업무 + - 시스템 테스트, 디버깅, 기존 시스템 기능 추가 및 개선 작업 + - 선배 동료 지원 역할 + - 다른 팀과 부서와 함께 작업하며 문제와 질문에 대한 해결책을 찾는 방법 학습 + + 경력을 막 시작할 때 주니어 데이터 엔지니어는 일반적으로 기존 시스템을 유지 관리하고 지원하는 작은 작업을 수행합니다. 이것은 시스템을 테스트하고 버그를 찾고 수정하는 것부터 기존 시스템에 기능을 추가하는 것까지 무엇이든 될 수 있습니다. 이러한 초기 단계에서 주니어는 일반적으로 자신의 프로젝트를 수행하지 않고 대신 선배 동료를 지원하는 역할을 맡습니다. + + 주니어 데이터 엔지니어로서 처음 몇 년 동안 가장 중요한 부분은 나중에 경력에서 사용해야 할 도구에 대해 배우고 실습 경험을 얻는 것입니다. 그들은 또한 다른 팀과 부서가 함께 작업하여 문제와 질문에 대한 해결책을 찾는 방법을 배우고 있습니다. + + #### 중간 수준의 데이터 엔지니어(`feat. 중니어 데이터 엔지니어`) + + - 프로젝트 관리를 시작할 수 있음. 다른 팀 및 부서와 더 많이 협력해야 할 수도 있음 + - 일반적으로 데이터 과학자 및 분석 팀 구성원을 지원하는 시스템을 설계하고 구축하는 책임이 있음 + - 프로그래밍 기술 개발 능력 향상 단계 + - 발생하는 버그나 문제를 식별하고 수정할 수 있으며 팀 내외 원활하게 협업하는 단계 + + 데이터 엔지니어는 약 1~3년 후에 중간 레벨로 승진할 수 있습니다. 이때 그들은 업무의 더 많은 프로젝트 관리 측면에 노출될 수 있으며 다른 팀 및 부서와 더 많이 협력해야 할 수도 있습니다. + + 그들은 일반적으로 데이터 과학자 및 기타 분석 팀 구성원을 지원하는 시스템을 설계하고 구축하는 책임이 있습니다. 이 단계에서는 여전히 선임 데이터 엔지니어의 감독을 받고 있을 수 있습니다. 이 일을 효과적으로 수행하기 위해서는 좋은 의사소통 기술을 개발하고 다른 팀과 잘 협력할 수 있어야 합니다. + + 데이터 엔지니어는 약 3~5년 동안 이 수준에 머물 수 있습니다. 이 기간 동안 그들은 프로그래밍 기술을 개발하고 조직에서 사용되는 모든 도구와 시스템에 익숙해야 합니다. 발생하는 모든 버그나 문제를 식별하고 수정할 수 있으며 팀 내외에서 원활하게 협업합니다. + + #### 선임 데이터 엔지니어 + + - 더 많은 관리 책임을 맡게 됨 + - 기술적 측면에서 능숙하며 비교적 쉽게 시스템을 구축하고 문제를 해결할 수 있음 + - 비즈니스 측면에 더 밀접하게 관여하며 데이터 프로젝트의 방향과 시스템의 장기적인 효율성 및 최적화에 대해 전략적으로 생각하기 시작하는 단계 + - 많은 데이터 엔지니어는 전략 및 비즈니스 책임에 대한 열정이 없을 수 있으므로 회사에서 더 이상 발전하지 않기로 선택할 수 있다고 함 + + 데이터 엔지니어가 고위직에 도달하면 더 많은 관리 책임을 맡게 됩니다. 그들은 한 명 이상의 데이터 엔지니어를 감독해야 할 수 있으며 프로젝트가 나올 때 가르치고 프로젝트를 할당해야 합니다. + + 이 단계에서 데이터 엔지니어는 역할의 기술적 측면에 능숙하며 비교적 쉽게 시스템을 구축하고 문제를 해결할 수 있습니다. 그러나 그들은 이제 사물의 비즈니스 측면에 더 밀접하게 관여하고 있으며 데이터 프로젝트의 방향과 시스템의 장기적인 효율성 및 최적화에 대해 전략적으로 생각할 필요가 있습니다. + + 이를 위해서는 데이터 엔지니어가 생각하는 방식의 변화가 필요하며 이는 어려울 수 있습니다. 많은 데이터 엔지니어는 전략 및 비즈니스 책임에 대한 열정이 없을 수 있으므로 회사에서 더 이상 발전하지 않기로 선택할 수 있습니다. + + #### 고위 관리 역할 + + 데이터 엔지니어가 약 6년 이상의 경험을 쌓으면 다음과 같은 선택에 따라 더 많은 관리 역할로 이동할 수 있습니다. + + - 데이터 엔지니어링 관리자 + - 데이터 엔지니어링 이사 + - 최고 데이터 책임자 + +
+ + ### 이 외에 필요한 역량 + + - 강력한 데이터 인프라 및 데이터 아키텍처 기술 보유 역량 + - 분석 팀을 관리하고 확장할 수 있는 역량 + - 고성능 시스템 개발을 위한 프로세스 정의 + - 새로운 프로젝트 범위 기획 + - 신규 및 기존 시스템에 대한 SLA 정의 및 관리 + + 낮은 수준에서 얻은 기술에 매우 능숙한 것 외에도 이러한 역할은 데이터 엔지니어가 강력한 데이터 인프라 및 데이터 아키텍처 기술을 보유하고 분석 팀을 관리하고 확장할 수 있어야 합니다. 또한 고성능 시스템을 개발하기 위한 프로세스를 정의하고, 새로운 프로젝트의 범위를 정하고, 신규 및 기존 시스템에 대한 SLA를 정의 및 관리할 수 있어야 합니다. + + +[What Does a Data Engineer Do? Everything You Need to Know](https://www.datacamp.com/blog/what-does-data-engineer-do) + +## 1.3.2. 현대 데이터 엔지니어(2023.ver) + +- `Data Reliability Engineering` + +![Untitled](./images/1.3_data_reliability_engineering.png) +![Untitled](./images/1.2_data_reliability_engineering_principles.png) +![Untitled](./images/1.3_data_engineering_is_evolving.png) +![Untitled](./images/1.2_data_reliability_engineering_life_cycle.png) + +### `주요 포인트` + +![Untitled](./images/1.3_cost_of_low_quality_data.png) + +> I don’t know if this dashboard looks correct…I don’t if something looks suspicious… + +→ 데이터 퀄리티가 보장되지 않을 경우 데이터 팀은 원인을 찾는 과정을 반복해야 할지도 모릅니다. 연간 낭비되는 금액이 무려 $12.9 million에 달한다고 합니다… + +> The infrastructure for data became easy
+> the last prolem which is reliability +- 소프트웨어 엔지니어링에서 인프라의 발전처럼 데이터 엔지니어링의 인프라 발전이 도래하게 되었습니다 + - 더이상 이전처럼 직접 데이터 센터를 구성하고 데이터 웨어하우스를 설치할 필요 없이 단 몇분 안에 원하는 데이터 웨어하우스를 구성할 수 있게 되었습니다 +- 데이터 웨어하우스의 구성이 쉬워진 것과 함께 ETL/ELT도 너무나도 쉽게 할 수 있는 환경이 갖춰졌습니다 +- 데이터 엔지니어링 생애주기에서 남은 문제는 `데이터 신뢰성(Data Reliability)문제`라고 합니다 + - 데이터가 제 때 제공되는지 + - 내가 원하는대로 데이터가 제공 되는지 +- 데이터 신뢰성(Data Reliability) 문제는 현대에 발생한 문제입니다 + - 데이터 스케일이 커지는 속도를 팀이 커지는 속도가 따라가지 못하면서 발생한 문제로 정의했습니다 + +![Untitled](./images/1.2_data_reliability_engineering_life_cycle.png) +![Untitled](./images/1.3_data_reliability_engineering_operations.png) + + +발표자는 데이터 엔지니어링의 종착점은 운영 단계에서 데이터 품질 보장, 데이터 출처 파악 등 데이터의 품질을 향상시키는데 있다고 합니다. + + +![Untitled](./images/1.3_what_is_DRE.png) +![Untitled](./images/1.3_site_reliability_engineering.png) +- `SRE Principles` + - Embrace risk - 위험 감수 + - Set standards - 표준 설정 + - Reduce toil - 수고 줄이기 + - Monitor everything - 모든 것을 모니터링 + - Use automation - 자동화 사용 + - Control releases - 제어 릴리즈 + - Favor simplicity - 단순함 선호 + + +![Untitled](./images/1.2_data_reliability_engineering_principles.png) + +> Treating data quality like an engineering problem + +`Data Reliability Engineering`이란 데이터 팀이 데이터 환경의 반복 속도를 잃지 않고 주요 응용 프로그램(의사 결정, AI/ML 프로젝트 및 내장된 분석)에서 사용하기에 적합한 상태를 유지하기 위해 데이터 팀이 채택해야 하는 주요 사례 + + +![Untitled](./images/1.3_data_reliability_engineering_and_operations.png) + +> 새벽 2시에 일어나서 부서진 파이프라인을 수정하는 것을 막아준다. 단 2개의 박스로 표현한 심플함! + +![Untitled](./images/1.3_circuit_breaker_details.png) + + +
+접기/펼치기 + +### AWS serverless data analytics pipeline reference architecture (by AWS) +[AWS serverless data analytics pipeline reference architecture | Amazon Web Services](https://aws.amazon.com/ko/blogs/big-data/aws-serverless-data-analytics-pipeline-reference-architecture/) + +## **Logical architecture of modern data lake centric analytics platforms** + +![Untitled](./images/1.3_awd_serverless_data_analytics_pipeline.png) + +## **Serverless data lake centric analytics architecture** + +To compose the layers described in our logical architecture, we introduce a reference architecture that uses AWS serverless and managed services. In this approach, AWS services take over the heavy lifting of the following: + +- Providing and managing scalable, resilient, secure, and cost-effective infrastructural components +- Ensuring infrastructural components natively integrate with each other + +This reference architecture allows you to focus more time on rapidly building data and analytics pipelines. It significantly accelerates new data onboarding and driving insights from your data. The AWS serverless and managed components enable self-service across all data consumer roles by providing the following key benefits: + +- Easy configuration-driven use +- Freedom from infrastructure management +- Pay-per-use pricing model + +The following diagram illustrates this architecture. + +![Untitled](./images/1.3_awd_serverless_data_analytics_pipeline_detail.png) + + +
+ +## 1.3.3. 데이터 과학 경력의 출발점으로서의 데이터 엔지니어 + +> 데이터 과학 경력의 출발점으로서 데이터 엔지니어 직군을 선택하셨다면 아래의 필수 스킬에 대한 고민이 필요할 것 같습니다! +> +- `Coursera Introduction to Data Engineering 중` + - **`코딩`:** 코딩 언어 능숙도는 이 역할에 필수적이므로 기술을 배우고 연습하는 과정을 수강하는 것이 좋습니다. 일반적인 프로그래밍 언어에는 SQL, NoSQL, Python, Java, R 및 Scala가 포함됩니다. + - **`관계형 및 비관계형 데이터베이스`:** 데이터베이스는 데이터 저장을 위한 가장 일반적인 솔루션 중 하나입니다. 관계형 및 비관계형 데이터베이스와 작동 방식에 대해 잘 알고 있어야 합니다. + - **`ETL(추출, 변환 및 로드) 시스템`:** ETL은 데이터베이스 및 기타 소스에서 데이터 웨어하우스와 같은 단일 리포지토리로 데이터를 이동하는 프로세스입니다. 일반적인 ETL 도구에는 Xplenty, Stitch, Alooma 및 Talend가 포함됩니다. + - **`데이터 저장`:** 특히 빅 데이터의 경우 모든 유형의 데이터를 동일한 방식으로 저장해야 하는 것은 아닙니다. 예를 들어 회사의 데이터 솔루션을 설계할 때 데이터 레이크와 데이터 웨어하우스를 사용할 시기를 알고 싶을 것입니다. + - **`자동화 및 스크립팅`:** 조직에서 많은 정보를 수집할 수 있기 때문에 자동화는 빅 데이터 작업에 필요한 부분입니다. 반복 작업을 자동화하는 스크립트를 작성할 수 있어야 합니다. + - **`머신 러닝`:** 머신 러닝은 데이터 과학자의 관심사이지만 팀의 데이터 과학자의 요구 사항을 더 잘 이해하려면 기본 개념을 파악하는 것이 도움이 될 수 있습니다. + - **빅 데이터 도구:** 데이터 엔지니어는 일반 데이터로만 작업하지 않습니다. 그들은 종종 빅 데이터를 관리하는 임무를 맡습니다. 도구와 기술은 진화하고 있으며 회사마다 다르지만 일부 인기 있는 기술로는 Hadoop, MongoDB 및 Kafka가 있습니다. + - **`클라우드 컴퓨팅`:** 회사에서 점점 더 클라우드 서비스를 위해 물리적 서버를 거래함에 따라 클라우드 스토리지 및 클라우드 컴퓨팅을 이해해야 합니다. [초보자는 Amazon Web Services(AWS)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/aws-fundamentals-going-cloud-native) 또는 [Google Cloud](https://www.coursera.org/learn/gcp-big-data-ml-fundamentals?specialization=gcp-data-engineering) 과정을 고려할 수 있습니다 . + - **`데이터 보안`:** 일부 회사에는 전담 데이터 보안 팀이 있을 수 있지만 많은 데이터 엔지니어는 여전히 데이터를 손실 또는 도난으로부터 보호하기 위해 데이터를 안전하게 관리하고 저장해야 합니다. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.4_further_more.md b/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.4_further_more.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3b3083e --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.4_further_more.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +# 1.4. 데이터 엔지니어는 어떤 고민을 할까? + + + +> 데이터 엔지니어는 어떤 고민을 갖고 있을까? +데이터 엔지니어가 갖고 있는 고민을 털어놓고 문제를 하나씩 해결해 나가자! 😃 +> + +## 발표자 사례 + +![Untitled](./images/1.1_data_engineering_life_cycle.png) + +많은 양의 데이터가 생성되는데 이를 수집.가공.처리하는 `파이프라인을 효율적으로 개선`하는 작업 중에 있습니다. + +- 만으로 3년차 이하이기에 Data Camp 기준 ‘`주니어 데이터 엔지니어`’로 정의하겠습니다 + - 지난 1월 18일 실시간 예약 서비스를 제공하는 외식업 스타트업의 데이터 엔지니어로 합류했습니다 + - 지난 1분기를 한 번 회고해봤습니다 +- `변화` + - 자체 프로덕트가 있는 IT 서비스의 인하우스 데이터 엔지니어로 커리어 전환(Data Specialist → Data Engineer) + - 데이터 지원 조직 합류 → 데이터 사이언스랩(데이터 파트 데이터 엔지니어) +- `한일` + - 서비스, 데이터, 데이터 환경을 이해하는데 대부분의 시간을 사용 + - 데이터 지원 요청 사항 대응과 동시에 서비스.데이터 구조 파악 + - 다양한 유관부서의 데이터 분석 요청건 처리 + - 데이터 지원 요청 사항을 처리하면서 데이터를 이해하고 비즈니스 및 서비스를 이해하고 있음 + - *(빠른 개발 → 누락된 문서화 → 데이터 구조 및 데이터 이해 필요 → 조직내 문서 참고 → 데이터 이해 → 개발자 인터뷰 → 데이터 구조 및 데이터 이해 → ERD 작성 → 공유 → 분석계 데이터 환경 구성 논의 → PoC 수행)* + - 협업 및 프로세스 개선을 위한 환경 개선 +- `할일` + ![Untitled](./images/1.3_integrated_analytics_platform.png) + > 통합 분석 환경 구성을 위해 데이터 아키텍처는 어떻게 가져가면 좋을지, 해당 파이프라인의 진행 단계마다 데이터 품질을 어떻게 보장하면 좋을지, 결과 데이터를 유의미하게 활용하기 위해서는 어떻게 해야하는지 고민에 고민에 고민을 더합니다…! + - 통합 분석 환경 구성 + - 데이터 품질 향상 + - 분석 프로세스 최적화 + - 대시보드 개발 및 운영 + - 데이터 파이프라인 개발 및 운영 + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.5_recap.md b/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.5_recap.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d53aec1 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.5_recap.md @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +# Recap + +- [ ] 데이터 엔지니어링이란 무엇인지 이해할 수 있습니다 +- [ ] 데이터 엔지니어의 주요 역할과 책임을 알 수 있습니다 +- [ ] 데이터 엔지니어의 커리어 패스에 대해서 알아봤습니다 +- [ ] 데이터 엔지니어링 분야가 성숙해짐에 따라 데이터 품질의 중요성이 부각되는 것을 확인할 수 있었습니다 + +## Next +> 간단한 Q&A를 준비했습니다.
+> 문답을 통해 현재 나의 위치를 파악하고 앞으로 어떤 패스를 밟아 나갈지 고민해 보면 어떨까요? +--- + +## Q1. 데이터 직군이신가요? 데이터 직군을 희망하고 계신가요? + + +- `Comparing data management roles` + + ![Untitled](./images/1.1_comparing_data_management_roles.png) + +- [ ] Data Analyst +- [ ] Data Quality Engineer +- [ ] Database Administrator +- [ ] Data Modeler +- [ ] BI Engineer +- [ ] Data Engineer +- [ ] Data Scientist +- [ ] Data Architect + +## Q2. 데이터 엔지니어 커리어 패스에서 현재 나의 위치는? + + +- [ ] 주니어 데이터 엔지니어 +- [ ] 중간 수준의 데이터 엔지니어 +- [ ] 선임 데이터 엔지니어 +- [ ] 고위 관리 역할 + +### `📌 데이터 엔지니어 커리어 패스(참고)` + +#### 주니어 데이터 엔지니어 + +> 나중에 경력에서 사용해야할 도구에 대해 배우고 실습 경험을 얻는 시간 +> +- 기존 시스템 유지 관리.지원업무 +- 시스템 테스트, 디버깅, 기존 시스템 기능 추가 및 개선 작업 +- 선배 동료 지원 역할 +- 다른 팀과 부서와 함께 작업하며 문제와 질문에 대한 해결책을 찾는 방법 학습 + +경력을 막 시작할 때 주니어 데이터 엔지니어는 일반적으로 기존 시스템을 유지 관리하고 지원하는 작은 작업을 수행합니다. 이것은 시스템을 테스트하고 버그를 찾고 수정하는 것부터 기존 시스템에 기능을 추가하는 것까지 무엇이든 될 수 있습니다. 이러한 초기 단계에서 주니어는 일반적으로 자신의 프로젝트를 수행하지 않고 대신 선배 동료를 지원하는 역할을 맡습니다. + +주니어 데이터 엔지니어로서 처음 몇 년 동안 가장 중요한 부분은 나중에 경력에서 사용해야 할 도구에 대해 배우고 실습 경험을 얻는 것입니다. 그들은 또한 다른 팀과 부서가 함께 작업하여 문제와 질문에 대한 해결책을 찾는 방법을 배우고 있습니다. + +#### 중간 수준의 데이터 엔지니어(`feat. 중니어 데이터 엔지니어`) + +- 프로젝트 관리를 시작할 수 있음. 다른 팀 및 부서와 더 많이 협력해야 할 수도 있음 +- 일반적으로 데이터 과학자 및 분석 팀 구성원을 지원하는 시스템을 설계하고 구축하는 책임이 있음 +- 프로그래밍 기술 개발 능력 향상 단계 +- 발생하는 버그나 문제를 식별하고 수정할 수 있으며 팀 내외 원활하게 협업하는 단계 + +데이터 엔지니어는 약 1~3년 후에 중간 레벨로 승진할 수 있습니다. 이때 그들은 업무의 더 많은 프로젝트 관리 측면에 노출될 수 있으며 다른 팀 및 부서와 더 많이 협력해야 할 수도 있습니다. + +그들은 일반적으로 데이터 과학자 및 기타 분석 팀 구성원을 지원하는 시스템을 설계하고 구축하는 책임이 있습니다. 이 단계에서는 여전히 선임 데이터 엔지니어의 감독을 받고 있을 수 있습니다. 이 일을 효과적으로 수행하기 위해서는 좋은 의사소통 기술을 개발하고 다른 팀과 잘 협력할 수 있어야 합니다. + +데이터 엔지니어는 약 3~5년 동안 이 수준에 머물 수 있습니다. 이 기간 동안 그들은 프로그래밍 기술을 개발하고 조직에서 사용되는 모든 도구와 시스템에 익숙해야 합니다. 발생하는 모든 버그나 문제를 식별하고 수정할 수 있으며 팀 내외에서 원활하게 협업합니다. + +#### 선임 데이터 엔지니어 + +- 더 많은 관리 책임을 맡게 됨 +- 기술적 측면에서 능숙하며 비교적 쉽게 시스템을 구축하고 문제를 해결할 수 있음 +- 비즈니스 측면에 더 밀접하게 관여하며 데이터 프로젝트의 방향과 시스템의 장기적인 효율성 및 최적화에 대해 전략적으로 생각하기 시작하는 단계 +- 많은 데이터 엔지니어는 전략 및 비즈니스 책임에 대한 열정이 없을 수 있으므로 회사에서 더 이상 발전하지 않기로 선택할 수 있다고 함 + +데이터 엔지니어가 고위직에 도달하면 더 많은 관리 책임을 맡게 됩니다. 그들은 한 명 이상의 데이터 엔지니어를 감독해야 할 수 있으며 프로젝트가 나올 때 가르치고 프로젝트를 할당해야 합니다. + +이 단계에서 데이터 엔지니어는 역할의 기술적 측면에 능숙하며 비교적 쉽게 시스템을 구축하고 문제를 해결할 수 있습니다. 그러나 그들은 이제 사물의 비즈니스 측면에 더 밀접하게 관여하고 있으며 데이터 프로젝트의 방향과 시스템의 장기적인 효율성 및 최적화에 대해 전략적으로 생각할 필요가 있습니다. + +이를 위해서는 데이터 엔지니어가 생각하는 방식의 변화가 필요하며 이는 어려울 수 있습니다. 많은 데이터 엔지니어는 전략 및 비즈니스 책임에 대한 열정이 없을 수 있으므로 회사에서 더 이상 발전하지 않기로 선택할 수 있습니다. + +#### 고위 관리 역할 + +데이터 엔지니어가 약 6년 이상의 경험을 쌓으면 다음과 같은 선택에 따라 더 많은 관리 역할로 이동할 수 있습니다. + +- 데이터 엔지니어링 관리자 +- 데이터 엔지니어링 이사 +- 최고 데이터 책임자 + + +## Q3. 데이터 엔지니어로서 현재 마주하고 있는 문제는 무엇인가요? + + +- [ ] 데이터 엔지니어링이 무엇인지 모르겠다 +- [ ] 어디서부터 어떻게 무엇을 해야 할지 모르겠다 +- [ ] 데이터 엔지니어로서 커리어를 잘 쌓고 있는지 모르겠다 +- [ ] 투입된 프로젝트에서 기술, 프로그래밍 역량에 한계를 느끼고 있다 +- [ ] 관리자로서 나아가기 위해 필요한 역량을 발전시키는데 어려움이 있다 +- [ ] 비즈니스 측면에서 데이터의 가치를 더하는데 어려움이 있다 +- [ ] 프로젝트의 방향성 제시, 전략 및 효율적인 아키텍쳐 제시에 어려움이 있다 +- [ ] 등등… + +## Q4. 향후 스터디에서 어떤 내용을 다뤘으면 좋겠나요? + + + +- [ ] OLTP, OLAP +- [ ] ETL, ELT +- [ ] Database +- [ ] Structured data and unstructured data +- [ ] SQL and NoSQL + + + +- [ ] Data Reliability Engineering +- [ ] Data Quality Platform 원서 번역 - Uber +- [ ] AirBnb Tech 블로그 번역 + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.6_reference.md b/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.6_reference.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f57fc87 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/1.6_reference.md @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +# `🗂️ 참고자료(Reference)` + +## 1. 이전 스터디 자료 + + + +- Introduction to Data Engineering + - Data Engineer vs Data Scientist + - Introduction to Data Engineering + - Cloud Computing + - Data Engineering Toolbox + - Database + - Structured data and unstructured data + - SQL and NoSQL + - Parallel computing + - Parallel computation frameworks + - workflow scheduling frameworks + +[](https://file.notion.so/f/s/d26914d0-cb22-42c2-8985-dd60c14f39d6/Week1_Introduction_to_Data_Engineering.pdf?id=1ace0eb5-cf57-4bb1-badb-2a43e2f670f5&table=block&spaceId=333f96cf-396d-45ff-8331-232d41bd4d55&expirationTimestamp=1680437645135&signature=8mEwbqmv8e2CbQY63RbzUzQ4HxX76GIjfMu1iEfKqkg&downloadName=Week1_Introduction+to+Data+Engineering.pdf) + +## 2. 데이터 엔지니어링이란 무엇일까? + +- 데이터 엔지니어링이란? + 1. 짧은 영상 + +[What Is a Data Engineer?: A Guide to This In-Demand Career](https://www.coursera.org/articles/what-does-a-data-engineer-do-and-how-do-i-become-one) + +- 데이터 엔지니어링이란? + - 블로그 포스팅 + +[What is Data Engineering?](https://www.datacamp.com/blog/what-is-data-engineering) + +## 1. 데이터 엔지니어는 어떤 일을 하는 사람일까? + +2. Data Camp, Data Engineer: + +- Data Camp에서 발행한 문서 +- 데이터 과학자 vs 데이터 엔지니어 + + → 이제는 엄마냐 아빠냐와 같이 다가오는 주제네요…ㅎㅎ + + +[Data Scientist vs Data Engineer](https://www.datacamp.com/blog/data-scientist-vs-data-engineer) + +3. 데이터 엔지니어에 대한 정의 + +- 데이터와 관련된 다양한 직군에 대해서 보여줍니다 +- 데이터 엔지니어, 데이터 분석가, 데이터 과학자 외에 다양한 직군에 대해서 일목 요연하게 정리한 인포그래픽이 인상적입니다 + +![Untitled](./images/1.1_comparing_data_management_roles.png) + +[What is a data engineer and what do they do?](https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatamanagement/definition/data-engineer) + +## 2. 데이터 엔지니어의 핵심 역량은 무엇일까? + +* [국내] 카카오 데이터 엔지니어링이란? + - 국내 최대 IT 기업중 한 곳인 카카오의 기술 블로그 글입니다 + - 데이터 엔지니어링이란 무엇인지 엔지니어분께서 쉽게 정리해주셨습니다 + - [데이터 엔지니어링이란](https://tech.kakao.com/2020/11/30/kakao-data-engineering/) + +* [국내] 채용공고 톺아보기. 데이터 엔지니어란? + - 데이터로 일하는 조직, 데이터 직군에 대해서 상세히 정리해둔 글입니다 + - 데이터 엔지니어, 데이터 분석가, 데이터 과학자 직군 중 어느 직군으로 가야할지 고민이시라면 한 번 살펴보시기를 권장드립니다 + - [[채용공고 톺아보기] #6 데이터 엔지니어란?](https://brunch.co.kr/@13335218e68a4e8/96) + +* [국내] 데이터 집중 직무의 모든 것: + - 마찬가지로 데이터 직무에 대한 문서입니다 + - 일러스트가 상당히 매력적이네요 + - [데이터 집중 직무의 모든 것: 데이터 엔지니어, 데이터 사이언티스트, 데이터 분석가 : 다이티 데이터 마켓 - 콘텐츠](https://market.dighty.com/contents/?idx=7614796&bmode=view) + +* Data Engineer vs Software Engineer + - 최근 Google Cloud의 데이터 세션에서 *근마켓 데이터 엔지니어분의 세션을 듣던 중 궁금증이 발생했던 주제입니다 + - Data Engineer와 Software Engineer란 어떤 점에서 비슷할까? 그리고 어떤 차이가 있을까? + - 물음에 대한 답을 찾고자 한 번 더 찾아보았습니다 + - [Data Engineer vs. Software Engineer: Choosing the Right Career Path](https://gb.coursera.org/articles/data-engineer-vs-software-engineer) + +## 3. 데이터 엔지니어링은 어떻게 진화하고 있을까? +- 당근마켓과 함께 성장하며 데이터 신뢰성 지켜내기 + - [20230112 당근마켓과 함께 성장하며 데이터 신뢰성 지켜내기 - 수군수군 데이터 엔지니어 밋업 1회 (공유용)](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1tBm4iA_Zx2QtQAUmaYctzz6Ow9RAJTHloDtqZgfL5mU/edit#slide=id.g5ed592767b_0_192) +- Data Reliability Engineer란 무엇일까? + - [Data Reliability Engineering: A New Approach to Data Quality | Bigeye](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7sJmmAyJT4) +- 데이터 직군은 어떤 특징을 갖고 있을까? + - [A Guide to Data Roles — Data Captains](https://www.datacaptains.com/blog/guide-to-data-roles) + +## 4. 국내 검색 트렌드는 어떻게 될까? +* [https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?cat=1227&geo=KR&q=데이터 엔지니어,데이터 과학자,머신러닝 엔지니어&hl=ko](https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?cat=1227&geo=KR&q=%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0%20%EC%97%94%EC%A7%80%EB%8B%88%EC%96%B4,%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0%20%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90,%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0%EB%9F%AC%EB%8B%9D%20%EC%97%94%EC%A7%80%EB%8B%88%EC%96%B4&hl=ko) +![Untitled](./images/1.6_ref_data_job_trend.png) + + +# 더 보기 + +--- + +## 유용한 GitHub 저장소 모음 + +- query book + * [GitHub - pinterest/querybook: Querybook is a Big Data Querying UI, combining collocated table metadata and a simple notebook interface.](https://github.com/pinterest/querybook) + +- awesome-public-datasets + - 토이프로젝트에 활용 가능한 데이터 + * [GitHub - awesomedata/awesome-public-datasets: A topic-centric list of HQ open datasets.](https://github.com/awesomedata/awesome-public-datasets) + +## Global Tech 기업의 블로그 +- Airbnb Data Engineering blog + - [Data Engineering – The Airbnb Tech Blog – Medium](https://medium.com/airbnb-engineering/tagged/data-engineering) + +- How User Achieves Operational Excellence in the Data Quality Experience + * [How Uber Achieves Operational Excellence in the Data Quality Experience | Uber Blog](https://www.uber.com/blog/operational-excellence-data-quality/) + * ![Untitled](./images/1.6_user_data_quality.png) + + - 우버의 데이터 품질 보장 사례 + - Data Quality Platform Architecture + - ![Untitled](./images/1.6_uber_data_quality_detail.png) + + +## Data Literacy +* [Introducing The State of Data Literacy Report 2023](https://www.datacamp.com/blog/introducing-state-of-data-literacy-report) + +## How to Write Data Job Description +* [How to Write A Data Engineer Job Description](https://www.datacamp.com/blog/data-engineer-job-description) + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/main_page.md b/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/main_page.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ffdaf8 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/main_page.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +# 1. Introduction to Data Engineering +- date : 2023-06-20 +- author + * [이영전](https://github.com/steve-yj) + + +![오늘 이 시간은 저를 포함한 스터디 러너분들의 물음에서 시작된 질문에 대한 답을 하는 시간입니다. 앞으로 다루게 될 데이터 엔지니어링에 대해서 궁금증을 갖고 그 물음을 하나씩 채워나갈 수 있는 시간이 되셨으면 좋겠습니다!](images/1.0_intro.png) + +오늘 이 시간은 저를 포함한 스터디 러너분들의 물음에서 시작된 질문에 대한 답을 하는 시간입니다. 앞으로 다루게 될 데이터 엔지니어링에 대해서 궁금증을 갖고 그 물음을 하나씩 채워나갈 수 있는 시간이 되셨으면 좋겠습니다! + +> *다루고 싶은 주제들이 정말 많지만..! 우선순위가 높은 주제부터 다뤄보도록 하겠습니다!* + +## 개요 +1. 데이터 엔지니어링이란 무엇일까? + - 데이터 엔지니어는 어떤 일을 하는 사람일까? + - 데이터 엔지니어의 핵심 역량은 무엇일까? +2. 사례를 통해 알아보는 데이터 엔지니어링 + - 데이터 엔지니어링 생애주기(Data Engineering Lifecycle) + - 데이터 분석 아키텍처(Data Analytics Architecture) + - 데이터 엔지니어링 프로젝트(Data Engineering Project) + - 데이터 엔지니어링 용어 정리 (* Data Engineering Team) +3. 데이터 엔지니어는 어떻게 진화하고 있을까? + - DRE(Data Reliability Engineer) +4. 데이터 엔지니어는 어떤 고민을 할까? (`사례 공유, 스터디 러너 사례 취합 예정`) +5. 마치며 + +## 키워드 +#데이터 엔지니어링 #데이터 엔지니어 #데이터 엔지니어의 역할

+#데이터 저장소 #데이터 처리

+#데이터 아키텍처 #데이터 파이프라인

+#데이터 품질(Data Quality) +#데이터 계보(Data Lineage)

+#실제 사례 공유 + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/2.1_data_covered_by_data_engineer.md b/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/2.1_data_covered_by_data_engineer.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..671d11a --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/2.1_data_covered_by_data_engineer.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +# 2.1 데이터 엔지니어가 다루는 데이터 + +## 데이터는 어디서 발생될까? + + + +- IT서비스가 이루어지는 모든곳에서 데이터는 발생됩니다. +- 우리가 바라볼 수 있는 데이터 원천은 `서비스 DB`, `API`, `Object Storage` 등 다양합니다. +- `서비스DB`는 MySQL과 같은 RDBMS일수도, MongoDB와 같은 NoSQL DataBase일수도 있습니다. +- `API`는 사내에 존재하는 API일수도, 구글 혹은 통계청 과 같은 외부에서 제공하는 API일수도 있습니다. +- `Object Storage`는 AWS S3 일수도, 사내에 존재하는 File System일수도 있습니다. + +## 데이터의 종류별 특징은 어떻게 될까? + +### Log + +- 특정 시스템 내에서 발생하는 이벤트에 대한 기록을 담고 있습니다. +- 반정형 데이터라고 할 수 있고 시간정보가 포함됩니다. Event Data를 파일에 남기게되면 일반적으로 로그라고 부르게됩니다. +- 로그는 이벤트에 대해서 누가(Who), 무엇을(What event), 언제(When) 실행했는지 세 가지 정보를 담고 있어야 합니다. + +### Image, Video, GIF... + +- 일반적으로 파일 크기가 크고 RDBMS에 넣지 않는경우가 많습니다. (Serialize를 통해 넣을수는 있습니다.) +- 처리하게 된다면 URI만 RDBMS에 저장하고 추가 메타데이터들만 넣게됩니다, 실제 파일은 S3등의 Object Storage에 저장하게됩니다. + +### Raw File + +- 기업 외에도 일반적으로 가장 흔히 접하는 데이터의 종류입니다. +- Excel, csv, txt, json, xml 등 다양한 포맷이 존재합니다. + +### Streaming Data + +- 바로 생성되어 저장되지 않는 데이터는 바로 전송하는 방법이 있습니다. +- 실시간으로 생성되는 데이터이기 때문에 데이터 유실이 발생할 수 있습니다. + +### DB Data (OLTP, OLAP) + +- 사용 중인 서비스 또는 애플리케이션의 상태를 저장한 데이터를 보유하고 있습니다. +- 대용량 조회로 CPU, I/O비용을 지나치게 많이 사용하게 된다면 다른작업에 영향이 미칠 수 있음을 고려하여야 합니다. +- 조회시 쿼리최적화, 인덱싱, 병렬처리 등을 적절히 고려하여야 합니다. +- 대부분의 경우 application DB은 **OLTP(online transaction processing)** DB에 해당합니다. + +### IoT Device Data + +- MQTT(MQ Telemetry Transport)등의 오버헤드가 작은 프로토콜로 데이터를 전송한다는 특징이 있습니다. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/2.2_how_to_collect_data.md b/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/2.2_how_to_collect_data.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e6e964 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/2.2_how_to_collect_data.md @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +# 2.2 데이터를 수집하는 방법 + +## Source가 로그성 데이터라면 + +- 시나리오: Upbit에서 실시간으로 생성되는 데이터를 저장하고싶은 상황입니다. + +### 간단한 형태 + + + +- Upbit API를 통해 생성되는 데이터를 로그로 저장합니다. +- 저장된 로그는 fluentd에 의해 OpenSearch로 push형의 메시지 배송이 이루어지게 됩니다. + - push형의 메시지 배송이란 송신측의 제어로 데이터를 보내는 방식을 의미합니다. (↔pull형) + + +### 문제점 + + + +- 하지만 이러한 구조, 즉 분산 스토리지에 직접 메시지를 기록하면 부하 제어가 어려워 성능 한계에 도달하기 쉽게됩니다. + + +### 문제점 개선 + + + +- Kafka와 같은 메시지 브로커를 중간에 두어 일시적으로 데이터를 축적함으로써 분산스토리지에 쓰는 속도를 안정화 하는 구조로 변경한다면 좀 더 안정적으로 데이터를 기록할 수 있습니다. + + +## Source가 DB라면 + +- 일반적으로 RDBMS에서 쿼리를 통해 저장된 데이터를 읽어 와야합니다. +- 그 과정에서 Group By, Join 등이 많이 쓰이게 됩니다. + + + +- 다음과 같은 데이터를 추출하고자 합니다. +- 2010년 대비 2011년 판매 수량이 20%이상 증가한 상품의 리스트를 뽑아주세요. +- 증감률의 오름차순, 증감률이 동일할 경우 2011년 판매량의 내림차순으로 정렬해주세요. + +
+쿼리 예시 +
+ + +```sql +## 판매량이 2010년 대비 2011년에 20%이상 증가한 상품 리스트 +WITH t_2010 as ( + SELECT StockCode, sum(quantity) as QTY_2010 + FROM commerce + WHERE substr(invoiceDate,1,4) = '2010' + GROUP BY StockCode + ORDER BY StockCode +), t_2011 as ( + SELECT StockCode, sum(quantity) as QTY_2011 + FROM commerce + WHERE substr(invoiceDate,1,4) = '2011' + GROUP BY StockCode + ORDER BY StockCode +) +SELECT * +FROM ( + SELECT t_2010.StockCode, + QTY_2011, + QTY_2010, + (QTY_2011 - QTY_2010) / QTY_2010 as QTY_INCREASE_RATE + FROM t_2010 join t_2011 on t_2010.StockCode = t_2011.StockCode +) as lst +WHERE QTY_INCREASE_RATE >= 0.2 +ORDER BY QTY_INCREASE_RATE, QTY_2011 DESC +; +``` + +
+
+ + +## Source가 API라면 + +- 회사, 회사내 다른 팀, Open API 등 다양한 곳에서 API형태로 제공하는 데이터가 존재합니다. +- Upbit API를 예시로 어떤 점을 고려하여야할지 함께 고민해보려 합니다. + +### 제공측의 가이드 + + + +- 제공측의 약관을 상세히 읽어보아야합니다. +- 데이터를 제공받기 위해서 어떻게 하여야 하는지, 어떤 규정이 있는지, Key관리는 어떻게 이루어지는지 숙지하여야합니다. + + +### API Limit 확인 + + + +- API가 어느정도까지 요청가능한지, 내가 필요한 데이터가 요청 제한내에 충분히 가져올 수 있는지 확인하여야 합니다. + + +### Access Key 관리 + + + +- 내 Access Key 만료가 언제인지. +- Access Key가 가진 권한은 어느정도 까지인지. +- 호출가능한 IP 등록이 된 IP인지 (↔아무곳에서나 호출가능한지) 확인하여야 합니다. + + +## Source가 Object Storage라면 + + + +- Object Storage는 대량의 비정형 데이터(예 : 사진, 비디오, 문서 등)를 저장하는 데에도 사용되는 데이터 스토리지 방식입니다. +- 비교적 큰 데이터를 다루게 되기때문에 Network IO비용을 고려해야합니다. + - Source Data가 있는곳은 북미지역인데, 내 ETL에 사용될 VM은 Korea Central에 위치한다면 물리적거리가 멀기때문에 IO비용이 더 나올수 있게됩니다. +- 얼마만큼의 데이터를, 얼마만큼의 주기로 데이터를 가져와야 하는지 결정하여야 합니다. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/2.3_consideration_for_data_collection.md b/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/2.3_consideration_for_data_collection.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b55fbb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/2.3_consideration_for_data_collection.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +# 2.3 데이터 수집에서의 고려할 점 + +## Data Pipeline & Undercurrents + + + +- 데이터 엔지니어링 수명주기에서 밑부분을 차지하는 영역(`Undercurrents`)은 데이터 엔지니어가 간과하기 쉽습니다. +- 데이터 엔지니어가 관리하고 기여할 부분이 그다지 많지 않아 보이지만, 사실 데이터 엔지니어링을 보다 원만하게 진행하려면 원천 데이터가 탄생하고 관리되는 과정에 대해서도 잘 알고 있어야 합니다. + +## Data Pipeline + + + +- `Garbage In - Garbage Out`: 데이터 업계의 오래된 명언중 하나입니다. +- 데이터 수집에 있어서 고려할 부분은 데이터의 흐름을 잘 정의하는 능력 입니다. +- 다음 단계의 Input으로 Garbage Data혹은 잘못 집계된 데이터가 들어가지 않도록 주의하여야 합니다. +- 결과를 도출하기 위해 어떤 데이터들이 필요하고 어떤 순서로 쌓아져야하는지 잘 정의하여야 합니다. +- 파이프라인 관리에서 필요한 DataOps + - `Automation(자동화)`: 데이터 원천 시스템 자동화 과정 중 일부에 문제가 생겼을 경우, 데이터 엔지니어의 워크플로우에 영향을 미친다면 이 둘을 서로 분리하는 방안을 고안해볼 것 + - `Observability(모니터링)`: 원천 시스템으로부터 오는 데이터에 품질 문제가 있지는 않은지 사전에 방지할 수 있는 시스템을 마련할 것 + - `Incident response(응급 상황에 대비)`: 원천 시스템의 전원 공급이 꺼졌을 때 데이터 엔지니어의 data pipeline을 어떻게 손상 없이 유지할 수 있는가? 다시 원천 시스템이 복구되었을 때 유실된 데이터를 어떻게 처리할 것인가? + +## Data Management + +- `Data governance`: 원천 데이터를 누가 관리하는가? 신뢰할 만한 주체(시스템)에 의해, 이해하기 쉬운 방식으로 관리되고 있는가? +- `Data quality/integrity`: 데이터의 품질과 무결성을 upstream 시스템이 보장하고 있는가? +- `Schema`: upstream DB 스키마가 고정되지 않고 변할 수 있음을 예상할 것. 데이터 원천 시스템을 관리하는 팀과 협력할 것 +- `Master data management`: upstream에서 마스터 데이터(=비즈니스 주체, 즉 서비스 사용자나 공급업체, 회사 직원, 제품 등에 대한 데이터) 관리 원칙에 따라 데이터가 기록되고 있는가? +- `Privacy and Ethics`: 데이터의 접근성, 데이터 보존 기간 + +## Data Architecture + +- `Reliability`: 원천 시스템이 예측 가능한 output을 만들어내는가? 시스템이 얼마나 자주 고장나는지, 충분히 신뢰성을 확보할 때까지 시스템을 복구하는 데 걸리는 평균 시간은 얼마나 걸리는지 생각하여야 합니다. +- `Durability`: 하드웨어 고장이나 네트워크 끊김이 일어났을 때 원천 시스템이 데이터 손실을 어느 정도 처리할 수 있는가? 를 생각하여야 합니다. +- `Availability`: 필요한 순간마다 데이터 원천 시스템에 접근할 수 있도록 시스템이 보장되어 있는가? 또는 쉽게 접근하지 못하게 하는 방해 요인이 무엇인가? 를 생각하여야 합니다. +- `People`: SLA(Service Level Agreement, 서비스 수준 협약)에 따라 데이터 원천 시스템에 대한 기준(가동시간, 데이터 품질, 접근성 등)을 마련하여 원천 시스템을 관리하는 운영자에게 요구 사항을 전달하고 이해시켜야 합니다. + +## 보안(Security) + +- 데이터 원천 시스템의 데이터는 안전하고 암호화되어 있는가? (저장/전송) 에 대한 부분입니다. +- 원천 시스템의 접속 방식이 안전한가? (예: `보안되지 않은 공공 네트워크` < `VPN` ) 에 대한 부분입니다. + +## 회사 전체 순이익 집계 예시 + + + +- 회사 전체 순이익을 계산하기 위해서 다음 그림과 같이 A, B, C 단계로 나누어 볼 수 있습니다. +- 우선 각각의 계열사의 순이익을 집계하기위해 계열사 마다 A단계(사용비용집계, 매출집계) 가 필요합니다. +- `A단계`의 집계는 동시에 진행되어도 문제가 없기때문에 병렬적으로 처리를 하여도 좋습니다. + - 하지만 `A단계`를 집계함과 동시에 B단계를 집계한다면 B단계의 결과가 올바르지 않을 수 있습니다. +- 이처럼 `C단계`에 해당하는 결과물을 도출해내기 위해 선행되어야 하는 `A,B단계`를 잘 고려하여야 합니다. +- 이처럼 최종결과물을 빠르고 정확하게 도출해내기위한 데이터의 흐름은 어떠한지, 어떤 방법이 있는지 적절히 고려해야합니다. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/2.4_how_to_processing_data.md b/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/2.4_how_to_processing_data.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f84d7d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/2.4_how_to_processing_data.md @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +# 2.4 데이터 처리방식 알아보기 + +## SQL vs NoSQL + + + +### SQL (Structured Query Language) + +- 관계형 데이터베이스(relational databases) 관리 시스템(이하 RDBMS)을 위한 언어입니다. +- 1980년대 이르러 Oracle 사의 주도로 상업화, 대중화 되었습니다. +- 국제적으로 공인된 표준 SQL이 있지만 DBMS 기업 제품(Oracle, SQL Server, MySQL 등) 별로 지원하는 기능 별로 구문이 다르거나 지원 기능 여부가 조금씩 차이가 있습니다. + +### NoSQL (Not Only SQL) + +- 관계형 데이터베이스의 한계를 극복하기 위해 만들어진 새로운 DBMS 언어입니다. +- NoSQL 데이터베이스의 예시로는 Redis, MongoDB, Apache Cassandra, Neo4j 등이 있습니다. +- SQL과는 다르게 DB별로 사용되는 문법이 차이가 큰 편입니다. + +## Batch Processing vs Streaming Processing + + + +### Batch Processing + +- 주로 대용량의 (시간이 흐르면서 축적된 또는 고정된) 입력 데이터를 받아 작업을 실행한 후 output을 내놓게됩니다. +- 실시간으로 정보를 주고받는 것이 아니기 때문에, 데이터 처리 작업이 짧으면 분, 길면 며칠 단위로 소요될 수 있습니다. +- 그렇기 때문에 batch processing의 성능은 latency가 아니라 throughput으로 평가하는 경우가 많습니다. +- 대표적인 batch processing 작업으로 MapReduce를 들 수 있습니다. + +### Streaming Processing + +- 실제 데이터는 전혀 고정되어 있지 않습니다. + - 매 시간마다 새로운 데이터가 추가되거나 변경되는 게 현실 → 우리가 다루는 모든 데이터는 사실상 내재적으로 `streaming data` +- 주로 작은 용량의 데이터를 적은 latency 안에 실시간에 가깝게 처리합니다. + - real-time processing과 구분하기 위해 near-real-time processing이라고도 부릅니다. + + +## OLTP VS OLAP + + + +### OLTP(Online Transaction Processing) + +- OLTP는 특정 정보를 빠르게 조회하고 대규모의 온라인 트랜잭션(INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE)을 처리하는 데 특화되어 있습니다. OLTP 시스템의 주요 부분은 매우 빠른 쿼리 처리, 다중 액세스 환경에서 데이터 무결성 유지, 효율성(초당 거래 수)에 있습니다. +- Low Latency & High Concurrency 를 목적으로 사용됩니다. +- 일반적으로 Row-Oriented 하며, 따라서 분석용으로는 적합하지 않습니다. + +#### OLTP Schema 예시 + + + +- 다음과 같이 정규화된 테이블 구조를 사용하여 쿼리 실행 속도에서 더 이점을 가져갈 수 있습니다. +- 위 테이블과 같은 구조를 아래 테이블 예시처럼 구현해 볼 수 있습니다. + +
+ +- **상품 Table** + +|상품ID|구매유저ID|상품갯수|가격| +|---|---|---|---| +|10001|139242|3|300| +|10002|482030|1|1000| + +- **상품 정보 Table** + +|상품ID|상품명_StringID|개당가격|구매가능조건ID| +|---|---|---|---| +|10001|12311|100|233| +|10002|22231|1000|311| + +- **StringID Table** + +|StringID|StringName|Category| +|---|---|---| +|12311|가짜연구소 입장권|상품| +|22231|DE4E 스터디 입장권|상품| +|34283|Hello World|키워드| +|38204|데이터 엔지니어링|타이틀| + +- **조건 Table** + +|구매가능조건ID|조건명| +|---|---| +|233|제한없음| +|311|가짜연구소 소속인원| +|422|4년이상 실무종사자| + + +### OLAP(Online Analytical Processing) + +- OLAP 데이터베이스는 OLTP 데이터베이스와 달리 대규모 데이터 집합을 처리하여 데이터에 대한 처리를 위해 설계되었습니다. +- 데이터 엔지니어는 일반적으로 OLAP 데이터베이스를 다룰 기회가 많게 됩니다. +- OLTP가 고객의 거래 정보를 실시간으로 빠르게 처리하기 위해 존재한다면, OLAP 시스템에서는 다음과 같은 질문을 주로 다룹니다. + - A 회사의 지난 1월 기준 전국 지역 매장의 총수입은 얼마인가? + - 가장 최근 수행한 온라인 프로모션 행사 이후 자사의 OO제품 판매량이 얼마나 더 증가하였는가? + +- 원자성에 대한 요구가 OLTP 보다는 덜 요구되는 경향이 있습니다. + - OLTP: 예를들어 `돈 차감` -> `상품구매` 과정에서 상품구매에 실패한다면 돈의 차감또한 RollBack되어야합니다. + - OLAP: 예를들어 집계시 12시간이 걸리는 작업에서 한개의 작업이 실패했을 경우 모두 RollBack 하는 방법도 있지만 실패한 작업에 대해서 Log를 남기고 집계한 후 추후 실패한 작업에 대해 재집계를 수행하고 값을 수정하는 방법또한 있습니다. + - ※ 단순 예시이며 OLAP에서도 원자성에 대해 고려하는것은 중요합니다. ※ + +#### OLAP Star Schema 예시 + + + +- 최종적으로 유저가 구매한 상품정보를 알기위해서 해야하는 Join을 줄여 이점을 가져갈 수 있습니다. +- 위 테이블과 같은 구조를 아래 테이블 예시처럼 구현해 볼 수 있습니다. + +
+ +- **상품 Table** + +|상품ID|구매유저ID|상품갯수|가격| +|---|---|---|---| +|10001|139242|3|300| +|10002|482030|1|1000| + +- **상품정보 Table** + +|상품ID|상품명|구매가능 조건| +|---|---|---| +|10001|가짜연구소 입장권|제한없음| +|10002|DE4E 스터디 입장권|가짜연구소 소속인원| + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/2.5_index_practice.md b/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/2.5_index_practice.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fd36f25 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/2.5_index_practice.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +# 2.5 💻 Index 실습 + +- 데이터 엔지니어가 작업을 수행할 때 적절한 Index를 설정함으로써 데이터 엑세스 성능을 최적화 하고 쿼리 실행시간을 단축시킬 수 있습니다. +- 이번 실험에서는 Postgresql을 사용하여 간단히 B-Tree Index와 Brin Index를 비교해봄으로써 상황에따른 Index선택에 대해 알아보고자 합니다. +- 자신의 컴퓨팅 리소스, 데이터 크기, 검색조건, 데이터 특성 등 다양한 요소를 고려하여 Index를 설정하여야 합니다. + +## B-Tree Index (Balanced Tree Index) + +- B-Tree 인덱스는 키 기반으로 정렬된 데이터 구조를 사용하기 때문에, 컬럼의 값이 다양하고 중복되지 않는 경우 인덱스의 효과를 최대화할 수 있습니다. +- 일반적인 데이터 구조에서 균등한 속도를 내기 때문에 기본적인 알고리즘이라고 할 수 있습니다. + +## BRIN Index (Block Range Index) + +- BRIN 인덱스는 페이지의 메타데이터를 뽑아서 인덱스를 구성하게 됩니다. +- 대량의 정렬된 데이터나 시계열 데이터와 같이 연속적인 특성을 가진 데이터에서 뛰어난 성능을 발휘합니다. + +## 실험 + +- [실습 Repository](https://github.com/ehddnr301/Index)를 Clone하여 직접 실습해보도록 합니다. +- 준비된 실습환경은 PK설정이 되어있지 않고, 병렬처리에 대한 고려가 되어있지 않습니다. + +`준비한 실습1`: 126,269,471건의 row에 대해 실험 (날짜에 대해서 인덱스) + +- 인덱스가 없는 경우: 15868.808 ms +- B Tree Index가 있는 경우: 738.754 ms **(2705 MB)** +- Brin Index가 있는 경우: 1085.056 ms **(192 kB)** +- Index를 설정함으로써 성능이 개선되는 정도는 비슷하지만 Index 크기는 Brin Index가 훨씬 작습니다. + +`준비한 실습2`: 126,269,471건의 row에 대해 실험 (Alphabet에 대해서 인덱스) + +- 인덱스가 없는 경우: 17285.917 ms +- B Tree Index가 있는 경우: 15827.413 ms **(835 MB)** +- Brin Index가 있는 경우: 17893.296 ms **(152 kB)** +- 인덱스가 없는 경우에 비해서 성능이 크게 나아지지 않았음을 볼 수 있습니다. +- Brin Index의 경우엔 인덱스가 없는경우보다 오히려 느려졌음을 볼 수 있습니다. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/2.6_reference.md b/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/2.6_reference.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..41abaab --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/2.6_reference.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# `🗂️ 참고자료(Reference)` + +## Reference + +- [빅데이터를 지탱하는 기술 (도서)](https://www.yes24.com/Product/Goods/66277191) +- [Designing Data-Intensive Applications(도서)](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/designing-data-intensive-applications/9781491903063) +- [Fundamentals of Data Engineering(도서)](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/fundamentals-of-data/9781098108298) +- [K21Academy Posting](https://k21academy.com/microsoft-azure/data-engineer/batch-processing-vs-stream-processing) +- [OLTP vs OLAP Posting](https://sqlwizardblog.wordpress.com/2020/03/15/sql-server-oltp-vs-olap) +- [NoSQL Naming Posting](https://blog.sym-link.com/posts/2009/30/nosql_whats_in_a_name/) +- [B-Tree Index Posting](https://12bme.tistory.com/138) +- [Index 실험 Posting](https://americanopeople.tistory.com/313) +- [OLAP Cube Posting](https://www.grapecity.com/blogs/working-with-olap-cubes) + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/template_main_page.md b/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/template_main_page.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2167374 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/template_main_page.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# 2. Data Source and Data Collection + +- date : 2023-04-09 +- author + * [김세현](https://github.com/sehyun-seankim) + * [이동욱](https://github.com/ehddnr301) +- keyword + * 원천 데이터 + * 데이터 수집 + * 자료형 + * 정형 데이터 + * 비정형 데이터 + * 배치 데이터 + * 실시간 데이터 + +## 후기 + +- Data Engineering과 관련하여 개론적인 내용에 관해 최대한 많은 내용을 쉽게 전달하고자 여러 내용을 참고하고 이에 개인적인 경험을 추가하여 작성하였습니다. +- 혹시 작성된 내용이 잘못되었거나 설명이 부족한 부분이 있는 경우 [Repository Issue](https://github.com/Pseudo-Lab/data-engineering-for-everybody/issues)를 통해 남겨주시면 감사하겠습니다. + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/3_data_transformation_and_cleaning/template_main_page.md b/_sources/docs/3_data_transformation_and_cleaning/template_main_page.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..001c2e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/3_data_transformation_and_cleaning/template_main_page.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 3. Data Transformation and Cleaning + +- date : 2023-04-16 +- author + * [이영전](https://github.com/Steve-YJ) +- keyword + * 데이터 처리 + * 데이터 변환 + * 정규화 + * 조인 + * 집계 + * 결측 데이터 처리 + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/3_data_transformation_and_cleaning/template_sub_page.md b/_sources/docs/3_data_transformation_and_cleaning/template_sub_page.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bc7d3ff --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/3_data_transformation_and_cleaning/template_sub_page.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +# (소제목) + diff --git a/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.1_data_warehouse_lake_and_lakehouse.md b/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.1_data_warehouse_lake_and_lakehouse.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..38cb3e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.1_data_warehouse_lake_and_lakehouse.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# 4.1 data warehouse / data lake / data lakehouse + +![Untitled](./images/1_data_warehousing.png) + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.2_data_warehouse.md b/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.2_data_warehouse.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c53b91d --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.2_data_warehouse.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +# 4.2 Data Warehouse + +![Untitled](./images/1_data_warehousing.png) + +

+Data Warehouse란 사내에서 발생하는 모든 데이터를 분석용으로 사용하기 위한 저장소입니다. + +처음에는 트랜잭션 처리(OLTP)와 분석 query(OLAP)를 동일한 RDB내에서 사용했습니다. 하지만 데이터가 방대해지고 분석 query의 비용이 높아짐에 따라 점차 분석용도의 Database가 분리되었고 이를 Data Warehouse라 부르게 되었습니다. *(OLTP, OLAP 세부내용 -> 2.4 데이터 처리방식 알아보기)* + +트랜잭션 처리용도의 Database에서 Batch 혹은 Stream으로 데이터를 추출(Extract)하여 변환(Transform)하고 이를 적재(Load)하면서 Data Warehouse를 관리합니다. + +--- + +Data Warehouse 구축 + +- ETL Process + - **Extract** : Source Data를 추출하는 단계입니다. 기존에 사용하던 ERP, RDB, File 등에서 Business에 사용하기 위한 데이터 추출합니다. + - **Transform :** Source Data 정제 및 가공하는 단계입니다. Data Warehouse에 적재하기 위해 여러 format으로 보관중이던 Source data를 Stuctured Data로 변환하여 데이터의 구조를 통일합니다. + - **Load** : Data Warehouse or Target System에 적재하는 단계입니다. 데이터가 Data Warehouse의 스키마에 적합한 형태로 변환되면 이를 적재하면서 Data Warehouse를 지속적으로 갱신합니다. +

+- Structured Schema + Data warehouse는 기존의 RDB와 유사하게 스키마를 정의하여 구축하는데, Star Schema, Snowflake Schema를 주로 사용합니다. + + - **Star Schema** + - fact 테이블과 dimension 테이블로 구성되어 있습니다. + - fact 테이블 : 판매액, 주문량, 수익 등 정량적인 값으로 이루어져 있습니다. 주로 하나의 row가 개별 이벤트로 나타냅니다. ex) 제품 구매 기록 + - dimension 테이블 : 장소, 제품, 고객 정보 등 fact 테이블의 정보를 입체적으로 확인하기 위한 값들로 이루어져 있습니다. fact 테이블과 Foreign Key로 참조됩니다. + - 장점 + 1. 쿼리 성능 우수 + - 단점 + 1. 정규화 단계가 낮아짐으로서 중복 데이터 발생 가능 + + ***Star Schema Diagram*** + ![Untitled](./images/1.1_star_schema.png) + + - **Snowflake Schema** + - star schema를 더 정규화한 방식으로서 dimension 테이블을 하위차원으로 더욱 세분화합니다. + - 장점 + 1. 데이터 중복을 줄이며 저장 공간 절약 + 2. 데이터를 보다 정확하고 일관성 있게 저장 + 3. 데이터를 쉽게 확장하고 변경 가능 + - 단점 + 1. 많은 조인으로 인한 쿼리 성능 저하 + + ***Snowflake Schema Diagram*** + ![Untitled](./images/1.1_snowflake_schema.png) +

+- Data Warehouse 기능 및 특징 + 1. 중앙 집중화: 다양한 데이터 소스에서 추출된 데이터를 중앙에서 저장하고 관리하기 때문에 데이터의 일관성과 정확성을 유지할 수 있습니다. + 2. 데이터 정제: 데이터를 정제하여 일관된 데이터 품질을 유지할 수 있습니다. + 3. 시간적 분석 (time-series analysis) : 과거 데이터와 현재 데이터를 비교하여 비즈니스 동향을 파악하고 예측할 수 있습니다. + - ex) AWS RedShift, BigQuery + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.3_data_mart.md b/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.3_data_mart.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..99d0e7d --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.3_data_mart.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# 4.3 Data Mart + +![Untitled](./images/1.2_data_mart.png) + +Data Mart는 Data Warehouse에 저장된 데이터를 집계하고 분석 및 시각화 용도로 사용하기 위해 구축하는 Database입니다. + +Data Warehouse에 저장하는 데이터의 일부만 포함하고 있으며 주로 BI Tool을 활용하여 시각화하는데 사용됩니다. + +--- + + +- 기능 및 특징 + - 데이터 마트를 사용하여 부서별 정보를 보다 효율적으로 분석할 수 있습니다. + - 의사결정 간소화 : 주요 이해 관계자가 정보에 입각한 결정을 신속하게 내리는 데 사용할 수 있는 요약 데이터를 제공합니다. + - 유연한 데이터 처리 : 데이터 웨어하우스보다 더 작으므로 데이터 엔지니어가 주요 데이터베이스 변경 없이 데이터 마트에서 정보를 관리하고 변경 가능합니다. +

+- Database vs Data Mart + - 데이터 마트는 부서 데이터의 전면 요소 역할을 수행합니다. + - 데이터 마트를 사용하여 정보를 검색하고 분석할 수 있습니다. + - 데이터베이스는 정보를 수집, 관리 및 저장에만 사용됩니다. + - 데이터베이스에선 낮은 지연시간과 높은 가용성 유지를 위해 분석 query를 제한하고 있습니다. +

+- Data Warehouse vs Data Mart + - 데이터 웨어하우스에는 다양한 주제에 대한 전사적 데이터가 포함되어 있습니다. + - 데이터 웨어하우스는 방대해서 시스템 과부하 발생 가능성이 존재합니다. + - 데이터 마트는 특정 주제와 밀접하게 관련된 정보를 저장합니다. + - 데이터 마트를 관리하는 부서가 데이터 로드 및 관리를 완전히 제어합니다. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.4_data_lake.md b/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.4_data_lake.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..77b26e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.4_data_lake.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# 4.4 Data Lake + +![Untitled](./images/1.3_data_lake.png) + +Data Lake는 다양한 형태의 데이터를 저장하기 위한 객체 스토리지 형식의 저장소입니다. + +비정형 데이터나 실시간 데이터와 같이 다양한 형태와 크기의 데이터 저장에 적합합니다. + +데이터를 수집 후 바로 정제 과정을 진행하는 ETL Process와는 다르게 먼저 데이터를 기존 형태로 저장한 후, 이후에 스키마를 정의하고 적재하는 ELT Process를 사용합니다. + +--- + +- 기능 및 특징 + - 비정형 데이터, 정형 데이터, 실시간 데이터 등 모든 종류의 데이터를 기존 형태로 저장합니다. + - 유연하고 비용절감이 가능하며 비정형 데이터를 정제하지 않고도 ad-hoc 분석 등에 활용 할 수 있습니다. +- 단점 + - 접근 권한 관리, 동시성, ACID Transaction, BI 제품과의 호환성이 기존 data warehouse보다 약합니다. + - 수정이 필요한 경우 파일을 교체하는 방법밖에 없기 때문에 수시로 변경이 필요한 데이터에 부적합합니다. +

+- 객체 스토리지 + - 객체 스토리지는 데이터가 저장될 떄, 다수의 컴퓨터를 사용하여 부하 분산이 이뤄지는 저장소입니다. + - 객체 스토리지 기반의 저장소는 방대한 양의 데이터를 저장하여도 성능에 크게 지장이 없지만 소량의 데이터를 저장하기엔 비효율적입니다. + - ex) gcs, s3, HDFS + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.5_data_lakehouse.md b/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.5_data_lakehouse.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7fce3aa --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.5_data_lakehouse.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# 4.5 Data Lakehouse + +![Untitled](./images/1.4_data_lakehouse.png) + +

+Data Lakehouse란 Data Lake와 Data Warehouse의 개념을 결합한 것으로, 대용량의 비정형 데이터와 정형 데이터를 효율적으로 관리하고 분석할 수 있는 플랫폼입니다. + +--- + +- Data Lakehouse 배경 + - Data Lake는 데이터의 접근 권한 관리, 동시성, ACID Transaction, 기존 BI 제품들과의 호환성의 지원이 기존 Data Warehouse보다 미비합니다. + - 결국 Data Lake에서 특정 데이터들을 다시 Data Warehouse로 보내는 상황이 자주 발생됩니다. + - 이에 Data Warehouse와 Data Lake의 장점들만 가지고 있는 Data Lakehouse라는 개념이 탄생하게 되었습니다. +

+- 기능 및 특징 + - 객체 스토리지 기반의 저장소입니다. + - Data Lake처럼 다양한 타입의 데이터를 수집하고 저장합니다. + → delta lake 형식으로 변환 + - Data Warehouse처럼 데이터를 스키마 기반으로 정제 및 구조화할 수 있습니다. + - 실시간 데이터 처리가 가능합니다. +

+- Data Lakehouse 특징 비교 + + [Data Warehouse vs. Data Lake vs. Data Lakehouse: An Overview of Three Cloud Data Storage Patterns](https://www.striim.com/blog/data-warehouse-vs-data-lake-vs-data-lakehouse-an-overview/) + + ![Untitled](./images/1.4_table_comparison.png) + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.6_data_pipeline_example.md b/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.6_data_pipeline_example.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dabe7ed --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.6_data_pipeline_example.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +# 4.6 💻 Data Pipeline 실습 + +## 예제 Process + +![Untitled](./images/1.5_pipeline.png) + +**Source Data** + +- 네이버 부동산 데이터 중 현 매물 리스트를 Crawling하여 데이터를 수집했습니다. + +![Untitled](./images/1.5_estate_example.png) + +**데이터 정보** + +![Untitled](./images/1.5_data_example.png) + +**Data Lake** + +- Data Lake는 source data 원본 저장 용도로 사용하였습니다. +- raw file인 csv 형태로 저장되어 있으며 Data Lake에선 쿼리, 데이터 탐색 등은 불가능한 상태입니다. + +![Untitled](./images/1.5_filelist.png) + +**Data Warehouse** + +- Data Lake에 저장된 데이터를 Data Warehouse에 Load하면서 structured data로 변환하였습니다. +- Data Warehouse에선 쿼리를 통해 데이터 탐색이 가능합니다. + +![Untitled](./images/1.5_sql_example.png) + +![Untitled](./images/1.5_data_warehouse_example.png) + +**Visualize** + +- Looker studio를 활용하여 bigquery 테이블을 load하여 시각화하는 과정까지 진행했습니다. + +![Untitled](./images/1.5_visualize.png) + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.7_databases.md b/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.7_databases.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..31ed6ea --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.7_databases.md @@ -0,0 +1,272 @@ +# 4.7 Databases + +데이터를 저장하기 위해 사용되는 데이터베이스는 크게 `RDBMS`와 `NoSQL(Not only SQL)`로 나눌 수 있습니다. +
이번 챕터에서는 그 중 NoSQL 데이터베이스의 종류 및 특징에 대해 알아보고자 합니다. + +## Key-Value Store (KVS) + +Key-Value Store (KVS) 는 모든 데이터를 key - value 쌍으로 저장하는 데이터베이스로, 해시 함수나 python에서의 dictionary 형식과 유사한 형태로 저장됩니다. + +### 기본 operation +- `PUT`: 새로운 key - value 쌍을 입력합니다. (이미 해당 key가 존재할 경우에는 value를 업데이트 합니다.) +- `GET`: 주어진 key에 대한 value를 반환합니다. +- `DELETE`: 해당 key가 존재할 경우, key - value 쌍을 삭제합니다. + +### 장점 +- value에 대한 data type 제약이 없습니다. +- value에 각각 다른 속성을 추가할 수도 있습니다. + ``` + user:123:preferences = {"language": "ko"} + user:123:preferences = {"language": "en", "color": "blue"} + ``` +### 단점 +- key에 의해서만 값을 찾아야 하므로, key 값을 알 수 없는 경우 데이터를 찾을 수 없습니다. +- 이를 위해 value 기반으로 검색하는 기능을 제공하거나, 보조 인덱스를 생성하는 데이터베이스도 있습니다. + +### 사용 예시 +- 유저별 세션 정보 저장 (key : 세션 ID / value : 세션 정보) +- 유저별 프로필 및 기본 설정 (key: 유저 ID / value : 유저 정보) +- 유저별 추천, 광고 등 (key: 유저 ID / value : 해당 유저에 적합한 추천 아이템 및 광고 등) + +### Top 10 Key-Value Stores + +그렇다면 어떤 Key-Value Store가 많이 사용되고 있을까요? +
[https://db-engines.com](https://db-engines.com)를 기반으로 Top 10 Key-Value Stores를 살펴보겠습니다. + +![kvs_rank](./images/4.2.1_kvs_rank.png) +(출처: [https://db-engines.com/en/ranking/key-value+store](https://db-engines.com/en/ranking/key-value+store)) + +### Redis +가장 많이 사용되는 KVS는 바로 Redis(Remote Dictionary Server) 입니다. +
Twitter, Pinterest, stackoverflow 등 다양한 회사에서도 유저별 세션 정보 저장 시 이용하고 있는 Redis는 다음과 같은 특징을 가지고 있습니다. +- in-memory 구조 + - 데이터를 디스크에 저장하지 않고 메모리에 저장하기 때문에 빠른 속도를 보장하게 됩니다. + - 추가로 데이터를 디스크에 유지할 수도 있습니다. +- 비동기 복제 제공 + - 데이터가 기본 스토리지에 먼저 저장된 뒤, 복제본을 생성합니다. + +### Oracle Berkeley DB +(인기 있는 DB는 아니지만) 현업에서 많이 사용하고 있는 KVS 중 하나로 Oracle Berkeley DB가 있습니다. +- 현업에서 간단한 데이터 정제 시 key별 value 정보가 필요할 경우 사용되고 있습니다. +- 임베디드 데이터베이스로, sqlite와 같이 파일 형식으로 DB가 저장됩니다. +- 다만 병렬 접근 시 속도가 매우 느려진다는 단점이 있으며, 이러한 점이 보완된 RocksDB 등이 제시되고 있습니다. + + +--- + +## Wide-Column Store (Column-family Store) + +Google BigTable 에서 유래된 Wide-Column Store(Column-family Store)는 row key와 column name의 조합으로 값을 저장합니다. +
![wide_column](./images/4.2.2_wide_column.png) +
RDBMS와 유사한 형태로 볼 수 있지만, column이 지정되지 않고 자유롭게 입력될 수 있는 형태로 되어 있다는 차이점이 있습니다. + +### 장점 +- row마다 다른 column 개수를 가질 수 있고, 필요할 때마다 원하는 column 추가할 수 있습니다. +- RDBMS에서는 특정 column 값이 없을 때 default value를 넣어야 했지만, +
Wide-Column Store에서는 특정 column에 대해 default 값으로 채우지 않아도 됩니다. +- 필요한 column 정보만 쓰면 되고 특정 column에 해당하는 데이터만 읽으면 되기 때문에 처리 속도가 빠릅니다. + +### 단점 +- multi-row 트랜잭션을 지원하지 않습니다. +- join, subquery 등 또한 지원하지 않습니다. + +### 사용 예시 +- event logging: 이벤트별 사용자 로그 내역, 애플리케이션 오류 내역 등을 저장합니다. +- 컨텐츠 관리 시스템: 컨텐츠별 댓글, 링크, 태그 등을 저장합니다. + +### Top 10 Wide-Column Stores + +그렇다면 어떤 Wide-Column Store가 많이 사용되고 있을까요? +
Key-Value Store와 마찬가지로 [https://db-engines.com](https://db-engines.com)에서 Top 10 Wide-Column Stores를 살펴보겠습니다. + +![wide_column_rank](./images/4.2.2_wide_column_rank.png) +(출처: [https://db-engines.com/en/ranking/wide+column+store](https://db-engines.com/en/ranking/wide+column+store)) + +### Cassandra +- 페이스북에서 개발되고 애플, 넷플릭스, 우버 등에서 이용중인 Cassandra는 아파치 재단에서 관리하고 있는 오픈소스입니다. +- 데이터가 노드에 분산되어 저장되므로 노드를 추가하여 수평적으로 확장할 수 있습니다. +- Cassandra 전용 쿼리 언어인 CQL(Cassandra Query Language)을 제공합니다. +
이는 SQL과 비슷하지만 join 및 subquery를 제공하지 않고 외래 키가 없다는 특징이 있습니다. + ```sql + // 테이블 생성 + CREATE TABLE users ( + user_id uuid PRIMARY KEY, + first_name text, + last_name text, + email text, + password text, + created_at timestamp + ); + + // 데이터 삽입 + INSERT INTO users (user_id, first_name, last_name, email, password, created_at) VALUES + (uuid(), 'John', 'Doe', 'john.doe@example.com', 'password123', toTimestamp(now())); + + // 데이터 조회 + SELECT * FROM users WHERE user_id = f3f9e3e3-301b-4c8a-ae0a-ccbae7b477a2; + + // 데이터 업데이트 + UPDATE users SET password = 'newpassword123' WHERE user_id = f3f9e3e3-301b-4c8a-ae0a-ccbae7b477a2; + + // 데이터 삭제 + DELETE FROM users WHERE user_id = f3f9e3e3-301b-4c8a-ae0a-ccbae7b477a2; + ``` + +--- + +## Document Store + +Document Store는 흔히 알고 있는 JSON 형식으로 데이터가 저장되는 데이터베이스 입니다. +
![document_db](./images/4.2.3_document_db.png) +
Document Store에는 테이블을 나타내는 `collection`과 테이블 내 row를 나타내는 `document`가 있습니다. +
(각 document가 collection에 저장된다고 볼 수 있습니다.) + +### 장점 +- collection 내 document들끼리 동일한 구조이지 않아도 되기 때문에 +
스키마를 정하지 않고 데이터를 저장할 수 있으며, 스키마가 변경되어도 데이터를 계속 저장할 수 있습니다. +- 데이터가 직관적이고, 개발 시 객체로 바로 적용할 수도 있습니다. +- 테이블 간 join 또한 필요하지 않습니다. + +### 단점 +- 중복 데이터에 대한 관리가 어렵다는 단점이 있습니다. +- 만약 특정 값을 다른 문서로 복사한 다음 그 값이 변경된다면, +
다른 문서 내용도 변경하기 위해 복사를 해왔던 문서를 기억해야 하는 번거로움이 있습니다. + +### 사용 예시 +- 상품 카탈로그 + ```json + { + "product_id": 123, + "name": "Macbook M2 Pro", + "category": { + "category_id": "345", + "name": "laptop" + } + } + ``` +- Event logging : 유저 로그, 제품 구매 내역, 오류 로그 등 + +### Top 10 Document Stores + +Document Store에서는 어떤 데이터베이스가 많이 사용되고 있을까요? +
앞에서와 같이 [https://db-engines.com](https://db-engines.com)를 통해 Top 10 Document Stores를 살펴보겠습니다. + +![document_db_rank](./images/4.2.3_document_db_rank.png) +(출처: [https://db-engines.com/en/ranking/document+store](https://db-engines.com/en/ranking/document+store)) + +### MongoDB +- 랭킹에서 압도적인 score를 보이는 만큼 Document Store를 대표한다고 볼 수 있는 MongoDB는 BSON(Binary JSON) 형식으로 데이터를 저장합니다. +- Cassandra가 CQL을 제공하는 것과 유사하게 자체 쿼리 언어인 MQL(MongoDB Query Language)을 제공합니다. + ```sql + // 데이터 삽입 + db.users.insertOne({ + "first_name": "John", + "last_name": "Doe", + "email": "john.doe@example.com", + "password": "password123", + "created_at": new Date() + }) + + // 데이터 조회 + db.users.find({ + "email": "john.doe@example.com" + }) + + // 데이터 업데이트 + db.users.updateOne( + {"email": "john.doe@example.com"}, + {$set: {"password": "newpassword123"}} + ) + + // 데이터 삭제 + db.users.deleteOne({ + "email": "john.doe@example.com" + }) + ``` +- 또한 sharding 기능을 제공하여 여러 서버에 분산 저장을 할 수도 있습니다. + ![sharding](./images/4.2.3_sharding.png) + +*** + +## Graph Store + +Graph Store는 말 그대로 그래프 구조로 데이터를 저장하며, node 및 edge 정보를 저장하게 됩니다. +
![graph_structure](./images/4.2.4_graph_structure.png) + +Graph Store의 주요 특징으로는 쿼리 형태가 그래프를 traversing 하는 식으로 진행된다는 점이 있습니다. +
예를 들어 A가 팔로우하고 있는 모든 user 찾으려고 할 때, user A에 대한 node에서 팔로우와 관련된 edge를 통해 다른 user node 정보를 얻는 등과 같이 그래프의 node와 edge를 따라가면 원하는 정보를 얻을 수 있습니다. + +### 장점 +- 최종 구조를 미리 정의할 필요 없이 node, edge 및 해당 속성을 기존 그래프에 추가하거나 삭제할 수 있습니다. +- 이미 데이터가 서로 연결되어 있기 때문에 join을 수행할 필요 없이 특정 node에서부터 다른 node까지 edge를 따라가면 원하는 값을 얻을 수 있습니다. +- 데이터 형식이 직관적이고 시각화하기 쉽습니다. + +### 단점 +- 그래프 형식으로 표현 가능한 데이터에만 적합합니다. +- 새로운 쿼리 언어(Cypher, SPARQL 등)를 이용해야 하기 때문에 러닝커브가 있습니다. + +### 사용 예시 +- 소셜 네트워크 데이터 (사람들 간 팔로우 정보, 게시물 및 좋아요 정보 등) +- 전염병 데이터 (사람들 간 접촉 정보, 감염 여부 등) +- 경로 안내 서비스 (장소 간 거리 정보로 최적 경로 제공) +- 추천시스템 (유사한 사용자가 시청한 다른 영화를 그래프 기반으로 검색) + +### Top 10 Graph Stores + +마지막으로 Graph Store에서는 어떤 데이터베이스가 많이 사용되고 있을까요? +
Graph Store 또한 [https://db-engines.com](https://db-engines.com)를 통해 Top 10 Graph Stores를 살펴보겠습니다. + +![graph_rank](./images/4.2.4_graph_rank.png) +(출처: [https://db-engines.com/en/ranking/graph+dbms](https://db-engines.com/en/ranking/graph+dbms)) + +### Neo4j +- 대표적인 Graph Store인 Neo4j는 아래와 같은 아키텍쳐를 지니고 있습니다. + ![neo4j](./images/4.2.4_neo4j.png) +- 자체적으로 Neo4j graph 플랫폼을 제공하고 있어서 데이터에 접근하기에 용이합니다. + ![neo4j_example](./images/4.2.4_neo4j_example.png) +- 그래프와 관련된 다양한 알고리즘 기능 또한 제공합니다. + - path finding + - centrality + - community detection + - similarity + - link prediction + - node embeddings + - node classification + - … +- 데이터 접근 시에는 Cypher 쿼리 언어를 통해 접근할 수 있습니다. + ```sql + // node 생성 + CREATE (n:Person { name: 'John Doe', age: 30 }) + + // node 검색 + MATCH (n:Person { name: 'John Doe' }) RETURN n + + // node 간 edge 생성 + MATCH (p1:Person { name: 'John Doe' }), (p2:Person { name: 'Jane Smith' }) + CREATE (p1)-[:FRIENDS_WITH]->(p2) + + // node 및 edge 검색 + MATCH (p1:Person)-[:FRIENDS_WITH]->(p2:Person) + WHERE p1.name = 'John Doe' + RETURN p1, p2 + + // edge 수정 + MATCH (p1:Person)-[r:FRIENDS_WITH]->(p2:Person) + WHERE p1.name = 'John Doe' AND p2.name = 'Jane Smith' + SET r.since = '2022-01-01' + + // edge 제거 + MATCH (p1:Person)-[r:FRIENDS_WITH]->(p2:Person) + WHERE p1.name = 'John Doe' AND p2.name = 'Jane Smith' + DELETE r + ``` + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.8_reference.md b/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.8_reference.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..42e2785 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/4.8_reference.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# `🗂️ 참고자료(Reference)` + + +### Data Warehouse / Data Lake / Data Lakehouse +- [https://blog.hwahae.co.kr/all/tech/9409](https://blog.hwahae.co.kr/all/tech/9409) +- [https://www.slideshare.net/zzsza/bigquery-147073606](https://www.slideshare.net/zzsza/bigquery-147073606) +- [https://www.guru99.com/star-snowflake-data-warehousing.html](https://www.guru99.com/star-snowflake-data-warehousing.html) +- Object Storage 관련 + - [https://cloud.google.com/learn/what-is-object-storage?hl=ko#section-4](https://cloud.google.com/learn/what-is-object-storage?hl=ko#section-4) + - [https://tech.kakao.com/2022/08/18/radix-tree-for-object-storage/](https://tech.kakao.com/2022/08/18/radix-tree-for-object-storage/) +- Data Lakehouse: [http://cloudinsight.net/data/data-lakehouse/](http://cloudinsight.net/data/data-lakehouse/) +- Data Mart: [https://aws.amazon.com/ko/what-is/data-mart/](https://aws.amazon.com/ko/what-is/data-mart/) + +### Databases +- [https://db-engines.com/en/ranking](https://db-engines.com/en/ranking) +- [https://app.datacamp.com/learn/courses/introduction-to-relational-databases-in-sql](https://app.datacamp.com/learn/courses/introduction-to-relational-databases-in-sql) +- [https://app.datacamp.com/learn/courses/database-design](https://app.datacamp.com/learn/courses/database-design) +- [https://app.datacamp.com/learn/projects/1613](https://app.datacamp.com/learn/projects/1613) +- [https://sungchul-p.github.io/db-on-k8s-vitess-overview](https://sungchul-p.github.io/db-on-k8s-vitess-overview) +- [https://app.datacamp.com/learn/courses/nosql-concepts](https://app.datacamp.com/learn/courses/nosql-concepts) +- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_9cFgzZr8Q](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_9cFgzZr8Q) +- MongoDB: [https://app.datacamp.com/learn/courses/introduction-to-using-mongodb-for-data-science-with-python](https://app.datacamp.com/learn/courses/introduction-to-using-mongodb-for-data-science-with-python) +- Neo4j: [https://wikidocs.net/book/3724](https://wikidocs.net/book/3724) + +### 도서 +- [빅데이터를 지탱하는 기술](https://search.shopping.naver.com/book/catalog/32441632131?cat_id=50010586&frm=PBOKPRO&query=%EB%B9%85%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0%EB%A5%BC+%EC%A7%80%ED%83%B1%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94+%EA%B8%B0%EC%88%A0&NaPm=ct%3Dlke7osco%7Cci%3D193a2eedb61d19ef296a4a52def98eeddd081de4%7Ctr%3Dboknx%7Csn%3D95694%7Chk%3D879abc7fed44ccc0f5574cb0f8d5bd34aa4f88f2) +- [데이터 중심 애플리케이션 설계](https://search.shopping.naver.com/book/catalog/32466573690?cat_id=50010586&frm=PBOKPRO&query=%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0+%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC+%EC%95%A0%ED%94%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98+%EC%84%A4%EA%B3%84&NaPm=ct%3Dlke7p5gw%7Cci%3Da3ea6fa3ac3d6b1949f4f5de9d66620ec82f2e37%7Ctr%3Dboknx%7Csn%3D95694%7Chk%3Dfbd34bd6c6b75e0e1e814117585664c6f1d752a1) + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/main_page.md b/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/main_page.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..077d8ae --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/4_data_storage/main_page.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# 4. Data Storage + +- date : 2023-04-30 +- author + * [송윤호](https://github.com/dbsgh3344) + * [전희선](https://github.com/heehehe) +- keyword + * 데이터 저장소 + * 데이터베이스 + * 데이터 레이크 + * 데이터 웨어하우스 + * 데이터 레이크하우스 + * 객체 저장소 + * NoSQL + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.10_hadoop_ecosystem.md b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.10_hadoop_ecosystem.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..83c6ae9 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.10_hadoop_ecosystem.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +# 5.10 Hadoop Ecosystem +![hadoop ecosystem](images/2.2_hadoop_ecosystem.png) + +Apache Hadoop 에코시스템이란 Apache Hadoop 소프트웨어 라이브러리를 이루는 다양한 구성 요소를 말합니다. Hadoop Ecosystem은 분산 컴퓨팅을 위한 오픈 소스 프레임워크로, 대규모 데이터를 처리하고 저장하는데 사용됩니다. Hadoop Ecosystem은 여러 구성 요소로 구성되어 있으며, 다양한 데이터 처리 기능을 제공합니다. 이러한 구성 요소 중 일부는 다음과 같습니다. + +## HDFS + +HDFS는 Hadoop Distributed File System의 약자로 대용량 데이터를 분산 저장하는 하둡의 기본 스토리지 시스템입니다. + +## Hive + +Hive는 HDFS에 저장된 데이터를 SQL로 쿼리하려는 목적에서 탄생된 툴입니다. 정확하게 SQL과 동일하진 않지만 SQL과 유사한 구문을 활용합니다. RDB의 데이터베이스, 테이블과 같은 형태로 HDFS에 저장된 데이터의 구조를 정의하는 방법을 제공하며, 이 데이터를 대상으로 SQL과 유사한 **HiveQL 쿼리**를 이용하여 데이터를 조회하는 방법을 제공합니다. + +가장 큰 특징으로는 **메타스토어**라는 것이 존재하는데, 하이브는 기존의 RDB와는 다르게 미리 스키마를 정의하고 그 틀에 맞게 데이터를 입력하는 것이 아닌, **데이터를 저장하고 거기에 스키마를 입히는(메타스토어에 입력하는) 것이 가장 큰 특징**입니다. + +HiveQL이라는 쿼리 문법을 활용해 MapReduce를 편하게 사용하려는 것이 목적입니다. + +## Apache Pig + +MapReduce를 사용하지 않고 분산 파일 시스템을 처리할 수 있는 스크립트 언어입니다. + +## MapReduce + +MapReduce는 분산 파일 시스템인 HDFS의 데이터를 병렬로 처리할 수 있는 소프트웨어 프레임워크 구현체입니다. + +## YARN + +YARN은 Yet Another Resource Negotiator의 약어인데, 통상 약어만 써서 지칭합니다. 이것은 오픈 소스 Apache Hadoop의 핵심 구성 요소 중 하나로, 리소스 관리에 적합합니다. 워크로드 관리, 모니터링, 보안 관리 구현 등의 작업을 담당합니다. 또한 시스템 리소스를 하둡 클러스터에서 실행되는 다양한 애플리케이션에 할당하면서 동시에 각각의 클러스터 노드에서 어느 작업을 실행하는 것이 좋은지 할당하기도 합니다. YARN은 크게 두 가지 구성 요소로 이루어져 있습니다. + +- 리소스 관리자 +- 노드 관리자 + +## Apache Spark + +Apache Spark는 무척 광범위한 상황에 사용하기 적합한 고속, 메모리 내 데이터 처리 엔진입니다. Spark는 여러 가지 방식으로 배포할 수 있고 Java, Python, Scala와 R 프로그래밍 언어를 포함하며 SQL 스트리밍 데이터, 머신 러닝과 그래프 처리를 지원하여 주어진 애플리케이션 한 개에서 이를 함께 사용할 수 있습니다. + +## 정리 +![](images/2.2_hadoop_2.png) +결국 Hadoop 생태계의 발전으로 빅데이터를 저장하는데 드는 비용이 많이 줄어들었습니다. 많은 기업에서 Hadoop을 기반으로 빅데이터를 저장하기 위한 인프라를 구축하였고 이제는 쌓아둔 data를 분석하고 활용하여 새로운 기회를 창출하는 시대에 돌입했다고 합니다. + +![](images/2.2_de.png) + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.11_hdfs.md b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.11_hdfs.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..337b76f --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.11_hdfs.md @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +# 5.11 HDFS +Apache Hadoop은 HDFS를 비롯한 분산 컴퓨팅을 위한 오픈 소스 프레임워크입니다. HDFS는 대용량 데이터를 분산 저장하는 파일 시스템으로, 높은 내구성과 확장성을 제공합니다. HDFS는 데이터를 여러 블록으로 나누어 여러 노드에 저장하므로, 데이터 손실 가능성을 줄이고 데이터 처리 속도를 높일 수 있습니다. + +## Google File System +![image.png](images/2.3.1_google_file_system.png) + +분산 환경이라고 하면 물리적으로 여러 대의 서버를 하나의 클러스터에서 동작하는 것처럼 구축된 환경을 뜻합니다. 이러한 분산 클러스터 아키텍처의 구조를 크게 두가지로 나누면 **Master-Slave**와 Master-Slave가 아닌 것으로 구분 됩니다. GFS와 이를 소프트웨어로 구현한 HDFS의 경우 Master-Slave 구조로 구성이 되어 있습니다. 이러한 설계 구조의 경우 여러 대의 저가 장비를 scale-out 하기 용이하다는 점에서 장점이 있습니다. + +Master-Slave에서 가장 중요한 점은 **Master에 부하가 가하지 않은 상황을 항상 만들어주어야 한다는 점**입니다. 만약 master node에 장애가 발생하게 되면 전체 node에 장애가 발생하기 때문에 master node의 안정성을 보장할 수 있는 아키텍처를 설계해야 합니다. 위의 그림을 보시면 GFS client와 GFS chunkserver가 data를 주고 받고 있음을 볼 수 있는데 이것이 의미하는 바는 분산 시스템에서 **master와 직접 data를 주고 받지 않고 master가 아닌 chunkserver와 data를 주고 받고 있음**을 말합니다. 이를 통해 master에 가해지는 부하를 최소화할 수 있습니다. 즉, GFS master에서 data processing을 한다던지 data를 주거나 보내는 일은 일어나지 않습니다. + +## HDFS +HDFS는 앞서 살펴본 GFS와 동일하게 master-slave 구조의 분산 파일 시스템입니다. + +![hdfsarchitecture.png](images/2.3.2_hdfs_architecture.png) + +### NameNode는 어떤 역할을 할까요? +NameNode의 주요 역할은 메타데이터 관리와 데이터노드의 관리입니다. NameNode는 블록 복제에 관한 모든 결정을 내립니다. 클러스터의 각 DataNode에서 정기적으로 Heartbeat 및 Blockreport를 수신합니다. 하트비트 수신은 DataNode가 제대로 작동하고 있음을 의미합니다. Blockreport에는 DataNode의 모든 블록 목록이 포함되어 있습니다. + +#### 메타데이터 파일 종류 +- Fsimage 파일 + - 네임스페이스와 블록 정보 +- Edits 파일 + - 파일의 생성, 삭제에 대한 트랜잭션 로그 + - 메모리에 저장하다가 주기적으로 생성 + +### 보조 네임노드(SNN : Secondary Name Node) + +![fsimage.png](images/2.3.3_snn.png) + +- Namenode가 구동되고 나면 Edits 파일이 주기적으로 생성 + - 네임노드의 트랜잭션이 빈번하면 빠른 속도로 Edits 파일이 생성됩니다. + - 이는 네임노드의 디스크 부족 문제를 야기할 수 있음 +- SNN은 Fsimage와 Edits 파일을 주기적으로 merge하여 최신 블록의 상태로 파일을 생성 + - 파일을 merge하면서 Edits 파일을 삭제하기 때문에 디스크 부족 문제도 해결 + +### Hadoop 2.0 - Standby NameNode + +- HDFS는 구조상 namenode가 단일 실패 지점 +- HDFS에서 고가용성(High Availability)를 제공하기 위해 namenode를 이중화 + - Active namenode + - Standby namenode +- Active namenode와 Standby namenode는 데이터 노드로부터 블록 리포트와 하트비트를 모두 받아서 동일한 메타데이터를 유지하고, 공유 스토리지를 이용하여 에디트파일을 공유합니다. +- Active namenode + - 기존의 namenode의 역할 +- Standby namenode + - Active namenode와 동일한 메타데이터를 유지 + - 만일 active namenode에 문제가 생기면 이를 대체함 + - 다만 active namenode에 문제가 생기는 것을 자동으로 확인하기 어려워서 주키퍼를 활용해 장애 발생시 자동으로 변경될 수 있도록 함 + - 더불어 Standby namenode는 SNN의 역할도 동시에 수행하기 때문에 고가용성 모드에선 SNN을 사용하지 않음 + +### DataNode +- 파일을 저장하는 역할 +- 주기적으로 네임노드에 하트비트와 블록리포트를 전달 + - 네임노드는 하트비트가 전달되지 않는 데이터노드는 동작하지 않는 것으로 판단 + - 블록리포트로 블록의 변경사항을 체크하고, 네임노드의 메타데이터를 갱신합니다. + +### HDFS Read mechanism + +![스크린샷_2022-01-10_오전_10.41.49.png](images/2.3.4_hdfs_read.png) + +1. 네임노드에 파일이 보관된 블록 위치 요청 +2. 네임노드가 블록 위치 반환 +3. 각 데이터 노드에 파일 블록을 요청 + - 노드의 블록이 깨져 있으면 네임노드에 이를 통지하고 다른 블록 확인 + +### HDFS Write mechanism + +![스크린샷_2022-01-10_오전_10.40.00.png](images/2.3.5_hdfs_write.png) + +1. 네임노드에 파일 정보를 전송하고, 파일의 블록을 써야할 노드 목록 요청 +2. 네임노드가 파일을 저장할 목록 반환 +3. 데이터 노드에 파일 쓰기 요청 + - 데이터 노드간 복제가 진행 + - 첫번째 datanode에 데이터를 쓰기 시작하고 다른 datanode에 복제 데이터를 완료하면 쓰기 작업이 완료 + +### 다수의 클라이언트가 같은 블록에 접근한다면? +HDFS는 다수의 클라이언트가 동시에 같은 블록에 접근하는 경우를 고려해 설계되었습니다. HDFS에서는 기본적으로 읽기 작업은 동시에 수행될 수 있지만, 쓰기 작업은 동시에 수행될 수 없습니다. + +만약 다수의 클라이언트가 동시에 같은 블록에 쓰기 작업을 시도한다면, HDFS는 일관성을 유지하기 위해 하나의 클라이언트만 쓰기 작업을 수행하도록 합니다. 이를 위해 HDFS는 NameNode에서 Locking을 사용하여 블록에 대한 상호배제(Mutual Exclusion)를 구현합니다. 하나의 클라이언트가 블록을 쓰는 동안, 다른 클라이언트들은 해당 블록에 대한 쓰기 요청을 대기하게 됩니다. + +이와 같은 방식으로 HDFS는 다수의 클라이언트가 동시에 같은 블록에 접근하는 경우에도 일관성을 유지하고, 쓰기 작업에 대한 상호배제를 보장합니다. + +### HDFS가 높은 내고장성을 보장하는 방법 : 데이터 복제 + +HDFS가 높은 내고장성(Fault Tolerance)를 보장하기 위해서 저장된 파일의 복제본을 유지하고 있습니다. 예를 들어 100MB의 파일이 저장되었다고 한다면 기본적으로 3개의 복제본으로 저장되기 때문에 300MB의 용량을 차지하게 됩니다. + +### HDFS의 Block + +그렇다면 이 파일은 어떻게 저장이 될까요? HDFS에선 파일을 블록 단위로 저장하게 됩니다. + +![image.png](images/2.3.6_block.png) + +HDFS의 기본적인 블록 단위는 128 MB인데요, 이렇게 큰 블록 사이즈를 갖게 된 이유는 탐색 비용을 줄이기 위해서 입니다. 블록 사이즈가 크면 하드디스크에서 블록의 시작점을 찾는데 걸리는 시간을 줄일 수 있습니다. + +### Locality of HDFS + +일단 기본적으로 data를 가지고 있는 node에 job을 할당합니다. 그러나 만약 해당 node가 이미 다른 작업으로 바쁜 상태라면 같은 렉 안에서 data를 가지고 있는 node의 근처의 node에 job을 할당하게 됩니다. 이는 **네트워크를 통한 데이터 전송 시간을 최소화**하기 위함이고 이것이 HDFS에서의 locality를 뜻합니다. + +1. 같은 노드 +2. 같은 랙(Rack)의 노드 +3. 다른 랙의 노드 + +순으로 할당 + +### Rack Awareness + +![image.png](images/2.3.7_rack_awareness.png) + +- 하둡의 데이터를 적재를 할 때 서로 다른 랙에 블록이 최소 하나는 복사가 될 수 있도록 설정 + - 블록을 저장할 때, 2개의 블록은 같은 랙에, 나머지 하나의 블록은 다른 랙에 저장하도록 구성 + +### Block Caching + +- 데이터 노드에 저장된 데이터 중 자주 읽는 블록은 블록 캐시(block cache)라는 데이터 노드의 메모리에 명시적으로 캐싱 +- 파일 단위로 캐싱할 수도 있어서 조인에 사용되는 데이터들을 등록하여 읽기 성능을 높일 수 있음 + - **자주 나오는 것을 빠르게 하기!** +- 참고자료) 컴퓨터 구조에서의 캐시와 비교 + ![스크린샷 2023-05-07 오전 3.40.01.png](images/2.3.8_cache1.png) + + 컴퓨터 구조에서의 캐쉬는 CPU와 메인 메모리 사이의 병목현상을 제거하기 위해 그 사이에 SRAM을 두어 자주 나오는 것을 더 빠르게 접근할 수 있도록 한 것입니다. + + 애플리케이션 설계에서의 caching이나 하둡에서의 block caching이 컴퓨터 구조에서와 같이 SRAM에 저장하는 것을 의미하는 것은 아니지만 **메모리 계층 구조**에 따라 자주 나오는 것을 더 빠르게 하기 위한 것임은 일맥상통합니다. DB 혹은 object storage, HDFS까지 가서 가져오는 것이 아니라 자주 사용되는 데이터를 메모리에 미리 올려두어 더 빨리 데이터를 가져올 수 있도록 함에 있습니다. + + ![스크린샷 2023-05-07 오전 3.46.51.png](images/2.3.9_memory.png) + + +### HDFS 세이프모드 + +- HDFS의 세이프모드(safemode)는 데이터 노드를 수정할 수 없는 상태 + - 읽기 전용 상태 + - 데이터 추가, 수정, 복제 불가능 +- 관리자가 서버 운영 정비를 위해 세이프 모드를 설정 하거나 네임노드에 문제가 생겨서 정상적인 동작을 할 수 없을 때 자동으로 세이프 모드로 전환 +- `fsck` 명령으로 HDFS의 무결성을 체크하고, `hdfs dfsadmin -report` 명령으로 각 데이터 노드의 상태를 확인하여 문제를 확인하고 해결한 후 세이프 모드를 해제 + +### 하둡 명령어 +* [https://wikidocs.net/26496](https://wikidocs.net/26496) + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.12.1_map_reduce_example.md b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.12.1_map_reduce_example.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..03bc9d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.12.1_map_reduce_example.md @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ +# 💻 MapReduce 실습 + +## 1) Docker 설치 +* MacOS 기준으로 작성하였습니다. + +```bash +brew install cask +``` + +```bash +brew install docker --cask +``` + +## 2) HDFS/Spark Workbench Quick Start + +> [https://github.com/big-data-europe/docker-hadoop-spark-workbench](https://github.com/big-data-europe/docker-hadoop-spark-workbench) + +- Container 띄우기 + - Hadoop, Spark까지 모두 띄우고 싶다면 + + ```bash + docker-compose up -d + ``` + + - Hadoop만 띄우고 싶다면 + + ```bash + docker-compose -f docker-compose-hive.yml up -d namenode + docker-compose -f docker-compose-hive.yml up -d datanode + ``` + +- Container 확인 + +```bash +docker ps +``` + +![스크린샷 2023-05-04 오후 4.06.26.png](images/2.5.1_docker_ps.png) + +- Hadoop check + +```bash +docker exec -it namenode /bin/bash +``` + +```bash +hadoop fs -ls / +``` + +![스크린샷 2023-05-04 오후 4.07.24.png](images/2.5.2_hadoop_ls.png) + +(첫 설치 후에는 아무 것도 없는게 정상입니다!) + +## 3) MapReduce 실습 + +MapReduce 실습으로 많이 활용되는 WordCount를 진행해볼 예정입니다. WordCount는 말 그대로 텍스트에서 등장하는 단어의 개수를 세는 프로그램입니다. 그렇다면 왜 Hadoop 실습으로 WordCount를 진행할까요? Hadoop은 기본적으로 분산 병렬 처리 시스템입니다. 그래서 분산 저장된 txt 파일을 각각의 node에서 WordCount를 진행한 후 결과를 보여주게 됩니다. 물론 이번 실습에선 datanode를 하나만 띄웠기 때문에 진정한 의미의 분산 처리를 수행할 순 없으나 Hadoop의 구조와 MapReduce의 작동 방식을 이해하는데는 무리가 없을 것입니다. + +![스크린샷 2023-05-04 오후 4.16.35.png](images/2.5.3_yml.png) + +먼저 앞서 구성한 hadoop 클러스터의 datanode와 namenode는 local machine의 volumes과 연결을 해두었는데요, yml 파일에서 volume 구성이 `./data/datanode:/hadoop/dfs/data` 이렇게 되어있는 것을 볼 수 있습니다. 이는 local에서 `./data/datanode`의 위치와 컨테이너 안에서 `/hadoop/dfs/data`의 경로를 연동시킨 것입니다. 따라서 저희는 현재 디렉토리에서 `cd ./data/datanode`를 통해 위치를 이동해줍니다. + +이후 저희가 실습에 사용할 파일을 하나 만들어 줍니다! + +- `words.txt` + + ``` + DE4E 스터디 가짜연구소 데엔 스터디 모임 + 가짜연구소 머신러닝 데이터사이언스 중심 모임 + ``` + + +이제 MapReduce 코드를 작성할 차례입니다. + +![https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1nIMJN3m9n9EEDtTSa_rRYwyAKlNUtQg6KSHTOfAVD_A/edit#slide=id.p](images/2.5.4_mapreduce_example.png) + +[https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1nIMJN3m9n9EEDtTSa_rRYwyAKlNUtQg6KSHTOfAVD_A/edit#slide=id.p](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1nIMJN3m9n9EEDtTSa_rRYwyAKlNUtQg6KSHTOfAVD_A/edit#slide=id.p) + +- `WordCount.java` (Apache Hadoop 공식 Tutorial) + + ```java + import java.io.IOException; + import java.util.StringTokenizer; + + import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; + import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path; + import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable; + import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; + import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job; + import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper; + import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer; + import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat; + import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat; + + public class WordCount { + + // Mapper 클래스 정의 + public static class TokenizerMapper + extends Mapper{ + + private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1); + private Text word = new Text(); + + // Map 메서드 구현 + public void map(Object key, Text value, Context context + ) throws IOException, InterruptedException { + StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(value.toString()); // 입력 데이터를 토큰화 + while (itr.hasMoreTokens()) { // 토큰이 존재하는 동안 반복 + word.set(itr.nextToken()); // 토큰을 Text 객체에 저장 + context.write(word, one); // 출력 키/값 쌍 생성 후 출력 + } + } + } + + // Reducer 클래스 정의 + public static class IntSumReducer + extends Reducer { + private IntWritable result = new IntWritable(); + + // Reduce 메서드 구현 + public void reduce(Text key, Iterable values, + Context context + ) throws IOException, InterruptedException { + int sum = 0; + for (IntWritable val : values) { // 동일한 키를 가진 값들을 합산 + sum += val.get(); + } + result.set(sum); // 합산 결과를 IntWritable 객체에 저장 + context.write(key, result); // 출력 키/값 쌍 생성 후 출력 + } + } + + public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { + Configuration conf = new Configuration(); // Hadoop 설정 정보 객체 생성 + + Job job = Job.getInstance(conf, "word count"); // Job 객체 생성 + job.setJarByClass(WordCount.class); // Job 클래스 설정 + job.setMapperClass(TokenizerMapper.class); // Mapper 클래스 설정 + job.setCombinerClass(IntSumReducer.class); // Combiner 클래스 설정 + job.setReducerClass(IntSumReducer.class); // Reducer 클래스 설정 + job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class); // 출력 키 클래스 설정 + job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class); // 출력 값 클래스 설정 + + FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(args[0])); // 입력 파일 경로 설정 + FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1])); // 출력 디렉토리 경로 설정 + + System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1); // Job 실행 후 종료 + } + } + ``` + + - 더 자세히 + + ```java + private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1); + ``` + + 이 코드는 IntWritable 타입의 변수 one을 생성하고, 이 변수의 초기값을 1로 설정합니다. IntWritable은 Hadoop에서 사용되는 정수형 타입이며, MapReduce 작업에서 출력할 값을 저장하는 데 사용됩니다. 이 코드는 WordCount 예제에서 Mapper 클래스에서 출력할 값의 초기값으로 사용됩니다. Mapper 클래스는 입력 데이터를 토큰화하고, 각 단어별로 (단어, 1)의 형태로 출력을 생성합니다. 이때 1이라는 값을 IntWritable 타입의 변수 one에 저장하고, 이 변수를 출력 값으로 사용합니다. 즉, Mapper에서 생성되는 출력 값은 (단어, one)의 형태로 생성됩니다. + + ```java + // Map 메서드 구현 + public void map(Object key, Text value, Context context + ) throws IOException, InterruptedException { + StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(value.toString()); // 입력 데이터를 토큰화 + while (itr.hasMoreTokens()) { // 토큰이 존재하는 동안 반복 + word.set(itr.nextToken()); // 토큰을 Text 객체에 저장 + context.write(word, one); // 출력 키/값 쌍 생성 후 출력 + } + } + ``` + + 위 코드는 Mapper 클래스의 map 메서드를 구현한 것입니다. + + 이 메서드는 입력 데이터를 토큰화하여 토큰이 존재하는 동안 토큰을 하나씩 가져와서 키-값 쌍을 생성하고 출력합니다. + + 여기서는 입력 값으로 들어온 Text 객체를 StringTokenizer 클래스를 사용하여 공백을 기준으로 토큰화하고, while문을 이용하여 토큰이 존재하는 동안 반복적으로 처리합니다. + + 그리고 각각의 토큰을 word 변수에 저장한 후, context.write 메서드를 사용하여 출력 키-값 쌍을 생성합니다. + + 이때, 출력 값으로는 Mapper 클래스 내부에 미리 선언된 one 변수를 사용합니다. 이 변수는 IntWritable 클래스 타입의 객체로, 그 값은 1로 초기화됩니다. 따라서 모든 출력 값은 1이 됩니다. + + +이제 datanode에 접속해서 앞서 만들어둔 파일을 HDFS에 올리고 작성해둔 MapReduce 프로그램을 실행해보려 합니다. 그러기 위해선 먼저 datanode 컨테이너 안에 작성해둔 파일이 있는 위치로 이동을 해야합니다. + +```bash +docker exec -it docker-hadoop-spark-workbench_datanode_1 /bin/bash +``` + +```bash +cd /hadoop/dfs/data +ls +``` + +![스크린샷 2023-05-04 오후 4.35.01.png](images/2.5.5.png) + +(필자는 이미 한번 실행했기 때문에 class 파일이랑 jar 파일 등 여러 잡다한 파일이 많이 있습니다..!) + +어떤 디렉토리에서든 hadoop 명령어를 실행하기 위해선 java와 hadoop 관련 환경 변수를 설정해주어야 합니다! 간단하게 다음의 명령어를 입력하면 됩니다! + +```bash +export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH} +export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=${JAVA_HOME}/lib/tools.jar +``` + +이제 class 파일을 만들고 이를 jar 파일로 패키징 하는 작업만 하면 준비는 끝났습니다! + +```bash +hadoop com.sun.tools.javac.Main WordCount.java +jar cf wc.jar WordCount*.class +``` + +- "hadoop com.sun.tools.javac.Main"은 Hadoop에서 제공하는 자바 컴파일러를 사용하여 소스 코드를 컴파일하는 명령어입니다. +- "WordCount.java"는 컴파일하려는 자바 파일의 이름입니다. 이 명령어를 실행하면 "WordCount.class"라는 바이너리 파일이 생성됩니다. 이 파일은 MapReduce 작업을 실행하는 데 필요합니다. + +자! 이제 HDFS에 올릴 시간입니다. + +```bash +hadoop fs -put ./words.txt / +``` + +![스크린샷 2023-05-07 오전 3.05.57.png](images/2.5.6_put.png) + +이후 앞서 만들어둔 jar 파일을 실행하면 됩니다. + +```bash +hadoop jar wc.jar WordCount /words.txt /output +``` + +![스크린샷 2023-05-07 오전 3.03.26.png](images/2.5.7.png) + +→ 작업이 수행되고 있습니다! + +output 파일을 열어보면 다음과 같은 결과를 보실 수 있습니다! +```bash +hadoop fs -ls /output +hadoop fs -cat /output/part-r-00000 +``` + +![스크린샷 2023-05-07 오전 3.02.48.png](images/2.5.8.png) + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.12_map_reduce.md b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.12_map_reduce.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb20a19 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.12_map_reduce.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +# 5.12 MapReduce + +MapReduce는 대규모 데이터 처리를 위한 분산 컴퓨팅 프레임워크로, Apache Hadoop의 일부입니다. **MapReduce는 데이터 처리를 맵 함수와 리듀스 함수로 분할하여 수행**합니다. 맵 함수는 입력 데이터를 읽고 키-값 쌍으로 변환하며, 리듀스 함수는 맵 함수에서 생성된 키-값 쌍을 가져와 처리합니다. MapReduce는 **데이터 처리를 여러 노드에 분산하여 병렬 처리를 수행하므로, 대규모 데이터 처리에 효과적**입니다. + +## 구글에서 맵리듀스 논문이 나오게 된 이유 + +- 데이터가 늘어나면서 검색속도가 저하되는 문제가 있었습니다. +- 고성능 서버 도입에 한계가 있었습니다. + - 고성능 서버를 추가하거나 교환하는데 비용의 문제로 한계가 있습니다. + + ![](images/2.3.0_previous.png) + + - 더불어 서버를 증설하는 것보다 데이터 증가 추이가 더 빠르다는 문제가 있습니다. + + ![](images/2.3.0_previous2.png) + + +## MapReduce의 등장 + +💁‍♂️ **성능이 약하고 저렴한 데이터 서버를 많이 연결하자!** + +각 데이터 서버에서 연산해서 최종 결과를 합산해서 계산하는 기술을 고안하였고 여기에서 **MapReduce 기술**이 사용됩니다! + +![](images/1.2.2_distribution.png) + +MapReduce란 여러 대의 서버가 연결되어 하나의 시스템처럼 작동하는 컴퓨터 클러스터 환경에서 대용량 데이터를 병렬 처리하도록 지원하는 기술을 의미합니다. + +### Map 단계 +분산 저장되어 있는 파일을 각 서버의 cpu, memory 등 하드웨어를 이용해 빠르게 분석합니다. + +### Reduce 단계 +분석 대상으로 선정된 데이터들을 분석, 통합 시켜서 원하는 데이터를 얻을 수 있게 합니다. + +아래의 예시를 살펴보면서 MapReduce의 흐름을 이해해 봅시다. +![](images/2.3.0_map_reduce_example.png) + +[MapReduce 예시](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1nIMJN3m9n9EEDtTSa_rRYwyAKlNUtQg6KSHTOfAVD_A/edit#slide=id.p) + +## MapReduce 이후 + +![](images/2.3.0_spark_img.png) + +하지만 MapReduce 기술이 나오고 시간이 한참 지난 뒤부터 여러 단점이 보이기 시작했고, 그 대안으로 나온 것이 스파크입니다. MapReduce와 비슷한 목적의 업무를 수행하지만 메모리를 활용하기 때문에 굉장히 빠른 데이터 처리 특징을 가지고 있습니다. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.13_reference.md b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.13_reference.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9cd7f82 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.13_reference.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# `🗂️ 참고자료(Reference)` + +* [Hadoop Ecosystem – Databricks](https://www.databricks.com/kr/glossary/hadoop-ecosystem) + +* [토크ON 83차. 아파치 하둡 입문 | T아카데미](https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9mhQYIlKEheGLT1V_PEby_I9pOXr1o3r) + +* [Apache Hadoop 아파치 하둡 입문](https://velog.io/@dafld/Apache-Hadoop-아파치-하둡-입문) + +* [https://github.com/big-data-europe/docker-hadoop-spark-workbench](https://github.com/big-data-europe/docker-hadoop-spark-workbench) + +* [[Hadoop] Docker 기반 Hadoop 실행 환경 설치/구축](https://so-easy-coding.tistory.com/21) + +* [[Hadoop] MapReduce 프로그래밍 실습 예제 - Word Count](https://so-easy-coding.tistory.com/15) + +* [Apache Hadoop 3.3.5 – MapReduce Tutorial](https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/stable/hadoop-mapreduce-client/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core/MapReduceTutorial.html#Example:_WordCount_v1.0) + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.1_data_processing_basic.md b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.1_data_processing_basic.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eb7d88c --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.1_data_processing_basic.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# 5.1 Data Processing을 위한 기초 지식 + +Data Processing을 이해하기 위한 기초 지식으로 다음과 같은 키워드에 대해 알아보려고 합니다. + +- 대규모 데이터 처리 필요성과 프레임워크 +- 분산처리와 병렬처리 +- Cache +- Indexing +- Memory Optimization +- In memory DB +- 분산 시스템 + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.2_big_data.md b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.2_big_data.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..091f428 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.2_big_data.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +# 5.2 대규모 데이터 처리 필요성과 프레임워크 + +## 📌 대규모 데이터의 기준 + +- 기존의 데이터 처리방법으로는 감당하기 힘들 정도로 방대한 분량의 데이터를 뜻합니다. +- 수십 TB ~ 수십 PB 정도의 규모입니다. + +## 📌 이 대규모 데이터를 처리하기 위해 필요한 프레임워크로는 어떤 것들이 있을까요? + +### Hadoop +- 대용량의 데이터를 분산 처리를 할 수 있는 오픈소스입니다. +- HDFS + MapReduce + - HDFS: 분산 **저장** 기술 + - MapReduce: 분산 **처리** 기술 + +### Spark +- **실시간성 데이터에 대한 니즈가 증가**하며 **하둡으로 처리하기에는 속도 측면에서 부적합**한 시나리오들이 등장하기 시작했습니다. +- **분산 시스템을 사용한 프로그래밍 환경**으로 **대량의 메모리를 활용하여 고속화** 실현합니다 +- **인메모리상**에서 동작하기 때문에, **반복적인 처리가 필요한 작업에서 속도가 하둡보다 최소 1000배 이상 빠릅니다.** +- 스파크는 Hadoop 이 아니라 MapReduce 를 대체하는 기술입니다. + +### Hive +- **HDFS등에 있는 파일을 읽어들여 쿼리로 분석을 수행**합니다. +- Hive는 데이터베이스가 아닌 **데이터 처리를 위한 배치 처리 구조**입니다. +- 대규모 정형 데이터를 처리할 때 매우 안정적입니다. + + +## 🤔 Spark 와 Hive 둘 중 어떤 걸 사용해야 할까요? + +- Spark의 경우 **실시간 데이터 처리와 데이터 과학 등의 분석 작업**에 매우 적합합니다. + - 빠른 처리 속도, 병렬 처리를 위해 분산 컴퓨팅 환경에서 실행합니다. + - 다양한 언어 지원합니다. +- Hive의 경우 대용량의 정형 데이터를 처리하기에 적합하며, 데이터 마이닝 및 비즈니스 인텔리전스 작업에 적합합니다. + - SQL 기반의 쿼리 언어 지원합니다. + - 데이터를 읽고 쓰는 데 많은 시간이 소요되지만, 대규모 데이터를 처리하는 데 효율적이기에 **안정적**입니다. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.3_parallel_and_distribution.md b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.3_parallel_and_distribution.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2914cfb --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.3_parallel_and_distribution.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +# 5.3 분산처리와 병렬처리 + +## 병렬처리(Parallel Processing) + +![](images/1.2.1_parallel.png) + +병렬처리는 하나의 작업을 둘 이상의 작은 작업으로 나누어 각각의 작은 작업을 동시에 처리함으로써 전체적인 작업 시간을 단축시키는 것입니다. 병렬처리는 CPU나 GPU, 멀티코어 프로세서, 클러스터 등을 사용하여 수행될 수 있습니다. + +## 분산처리(Distributed Processing) + +![](images/1.2.2_distribution.png) + +분산처리는 여러 대의 컴퓨터가 네트워크를 통해 연결되어 하나의 큰 작업을 처리하는 것입니다. 분산처리는 클러스터, 그리드, 클라우드 컴퓨팅 등을 사용하여 수행될 수 있습니다. + +## 🤔 둘 다 어떤 작업을 동시에 처리하는 것 같은데 차이점이 무엇일까요? + +병렬처리의 경우 **단일 시스템** 내에서 여러 프로세서를 사용하여 작업을 처리합니다. + +반면 분산처리의 경우 **여러 시스템**이 네트워크를 통해 연결되어 작업을 처리합니다. + +### 데이터 공유에서의 관점 + +- **병렬처리** + - 하나의 컴퓨터 안에서 작업 처리하기에 공유 메모리를 이용하여 데이터 공유합니다. +- **분산처리** + - 여러 대의 컴퓨터에 작업 분산되어 있기에 데이터를 공유하기 위해서는 다른 방법이 필요합니다. + +### 실패 시 대처 방법 + +- **병렬처리** + - 하나의 작업이 실패하면 전체 작업이 실패할 가능성이 있습니다. +- **분산처리** + - 여러 대의 컴퓨터에 작업이 분산되기 때문에, 한 대의 컴퓨터가 실패해도 다른 컴퓨터에서는 작업을 계속할 수 있습니다. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.4_cache.md b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.4_cache.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce5deb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.4_cache.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +# 5.4 캐싱(Cache + ing) + +## Cache란? +Cache는 자주 필요한 데이터나 값의 복사본을 일시적으로 저장, 보관하기 위해 사용하는 곳을 의미합니다. + +![](images/1.3.1_cache_architecture.png) + +병목 현상을 완화하기 위해 CPU와 메인 메모리(RAM) 사이에 크기는 작지만 속도가 빠른 **캐시 메모리**를 두고, 향후 재사용할 가능성이 클 것으로 예상되는 데이터의 복사본을 저장해 둔 CPU 가 요청하는 데이터를 바로바로 전달할 수 있도록 합니다. + +![위로 올라갈수록 CPU와 가깝고 속도가 빠르고 비싸고 용량이 작습니다.](images/1.3.2_memory.png) + +위로 올라갈수록 CPU와 가깝고 속도가 빠르고 비싸고 용량이 작습니다. + +## 캐시는 왜 빠르지만 크기가 작고, 메모리는 캐시에 비해 왜 느릴까요? + +기본적으로 캐시는 SRAM, 메모리는 DRAM으로 구성되어 있습니다. SRAM은 Static Random Access Memory이고 DRAM은 Dynamic Random Access Memeory입니다. 용어에서도 알 수 있듯이 SRAM과 DRAM의 차이점은 바로 Static 하냐 아니면 Dynamic 하냐인데요, 이것만 들으면 감이 안 오실 수 있습니다. DRAM에서의 Dynamic은 refresh time마다 매번 DRAM 내의 모든 cell에 대해서 refresh를 해야하는 것을 뜻합니다. 그래서 이 부분에서 overhead가 발생하기 때문에 상대적으로 SRAM에 비해서 느립니다. 그러나 한개의 transistor와 한개의 capacitor로 구성할 수 있기 때문에 단위 면적당 들어가는 비용이 적어 용량을 키우는데 비용 효율적입니다. + +반면에 SRAM은 항상 supply voltage가 공급되고 있으며 refresh를 하지 않습니다. 그렇기 때문에 같은 용량이라고 가정했을 때 DRAM에 비해 상대적으로 빠르게 access 할 수 있습니다. 그러나 이러한 구조를 만들기 위해선 SRAM은 6개의 transistor가 필요합니다. 그래서 단위 면적당 들어가는 비용이 DRAM에 비해 비싸기 때문에 용량을 키우는데 적합하지 않은 것이죠. 여기서 같은 용량이라고 가정한 이유는 용량이 작을 수록 access time이 줄어들기 때문입니다. + +## Typical Memory Hierarchy workflow + +![](images/1.3.3_memory_hierarchy_workflow.png) + + +## 재사용할 가능성이 큰 지는 어떻게 알 수 있나요? + +**[데이터 지역성의 원리]** + +- 시간적 지역성 + - 한 번 접근한 데이터에 대해서 다시 접근할 가능성이 높다는 가정입니다. +- 공간적 지역성 + - 특정 데이터에 접근할때, 그 특정 데이터 뿐만 아니라 그 특정 데이터 근처에 있는 다른 데이터들도 접근할 확률이 높을 것이라는 가정입니다. + +컴퓨터 아키텍처에서 지역성의 원리는 시간적 지역성과 공간적 지역성으로 구분할 수 있습니다. + +먼저 시간적 지역성은 한번 접근한 데이터에 대해서 다시 접근할 가능성이 높다는 가정이 깔려있습니다. 그래서 memory에서 cache로 데이터를 가져왔을 때 이를 추후에 다시 접근할 가능성이 높기 때문에 재사용 가능성이 크다고 하는 것이고 이를 시간적 지역성이라고 합니다. + +공간적 지역성은 cache의 구조를 살펴봐야 이해할 수 있는데요 memory에서 cache로 데이터를 가져올 때 block size로 미리 정해진 크기만큼 잘라서 가져오게 됩니다. 그래서 만약 block size가 4bytes라 하고 만약 데이터를 1 byte 단위, 혹은 2 byte 단위로 저장하고 있다고 한다면 당장 접근했던 1 byte 혹은 2bytes만을 cache로 가져오는 것이 아니라 block size인 4 bytes 전부를 가져오게 됩니다. 이는 최근에 접근했던 데이터의 근처 데이터를 다시 접근할 확률이 높을 것이라는 공간적 지역성의 특성을 활용한 설계입니다. + +예를 들어 다음의 프로그램을 실행시킨다고 가정해봅니다. + +```c +int arr[100] = { // data... } + +for(i=0; i < 100; i++){ + printf("%d\n", arr[i]); +} +``` + +그리고 block size는 16 bytes라 가정해 봅시다. arr 배열은 int 형이기에 한 원소의 size는 4bytes이고 전체 배열의 sizes는 4bytes x 100 = 400 bytes가 될 것입니다. 이제 for 문을 돌면서 한 원소씩 접근하게 됩니다. cache는 모두 비어있다고 가정해봅시다. arr[0]에 접근했을 때 cache miss이기에 memory에서 arr[0]에 해당하는 data를 cache로 가져오게 됩니다. 그러나 이때 arr[0]만 가져오는 것이 아닌 block size인 16 bytes를 통채로 가져오기 때문에 arr[0], arr[1], arr[2], arr[3]의 데이터가 모두 cache에 저장되게 됩니다. 그러면 다음 접근 시에는 위의 데이터에 대해서 cache miss가 나질 않겠죠? 이런 식으로 공간적 지역성을 활용한 설계를 했기 때문에 memory 접근을 최대한으로 줄일 수 있게 됩니다! + +다시 정리하면 메모리 계층구조는 **최근에 접근했던 데이터들을 프로세서 가까이 적재함으로써 시간적 지역성**을 이용합니다. 또한 **필요한 데이터뿐만 아니라 이와 인접한 다량의 데이터들로 이루어진 블록을 메모리의 상위 계층으로 옮김으로써 공간적 지역성을 이용합니다.** + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.5_indexing.md b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.5_indexing.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..abf0f81 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.5_indexing.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# 5.5 인덱싱 + +## 📌 인덱싱이 필요한 이유 + +책에서 원하는 내용을 찾을 때를 가정해 보겠습니다. 책의 모든 페이지를 찾아보는 것은 시간이 오래 걸립니다.따라서 저자는 책의 맨 앞 또는 맨 뒤에 색인을 추가합니다. + +→ 데이터베이스의 인덱스는 책에서 색인과 동일한 기능을 합니다. + +## 📌 인덱싱 방법 +인덱싱 방법으론 다음과 같은 방법들이 대표적입니다. + +- 해시 테이블 +- B+Tree + +아래의 링크에서 좀 더 자세히 확인하실 수 있습니다. + +[[DB] 11. 인덱스(Index) - (1) 개념, 장단점, B+Tree 등](https://rebro.kr/167) + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.6_memory_optimization.md b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.6_memory_optimization.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92d8236 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.6_memory_optimization.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 5.6 메모리 최적화 + +메모리 최적화는 컴퓨터 프로그램의 실행 시간과 메모리 사용량을 최적화하기 위한 기술을 의미합니다. 메모리 최적화엔 크게 3가지가 있는데 아래에서 확인하실 수 있습니다. + +## 1. 메모리 할당 최적화 +동적 메모리 할당 기법은 실행 중에 필요한 메모리 공간을 동적으로 할당하고, 사용이 끝나면 해당 공간을 해제하는 기술을 의미합니다. + +## 2. 메모리 접근 최적화 +메모리 접근 시간을 최소화하는 기술입니다. 이를 위해 캐시 메모리를 사용하거나, 메모리 접근 패턴 최적화합니다. + +## 3. 메모리 회수 최적화 +프로그램이 사용한 메모리를 해제하는 기술입니다. 메모리 사용 패턴을 이해하고, 사용하지 않는 메모리를 식별하여 해제해야 합니다. 메모리 회수 최적화를 수행하지 않으면 메모리 누수가 발생할 수 있습니다. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.7_in_memory_db.md b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.7_in_memory_db.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2d4c83e --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.7_in_memory_db.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# 5.7 인메모리 디비란? + +## 🤔 인메모리 디비는 무슨뜻일까요? + +외부 저장 장치나 디스크에 데이터를 저장하지 않고 **메모리**에서 데이터를 읽고 쓰는 DB를 의미합니다. + +## 🤔 인메모리 디비는 왜 빠를까요? + +- 디스크 검색보다 자료 접근이 빠릅니다. + +- 외부 저장 장치나 디스크에 있는 데이터를 읽고자 할 경우, 해당 데이터를 바로 사용할 수 없습니다. +
데이터를 읽어서 메모리에 올리고, 메모리에 올라간 데이터를 읽어서 사용할 수 있습니다.
+ +- 인메모리 DB의 경우 애초에 데이터가 모두 메모리에 올라가 있기 때문에 지연이 적습니다. + +![위로 올라갈수록 CPU와 가깝고 속도가 빠르고 비싸고 용량이 작습니다.](images/1.3.2_memory.png) + +- 위로 올라갈수록 CPU와 가깝고 속도가 빠르고 비싸고 용량이 작습니다. + +📌 대표적인 인메모리 디비로는 **Redis** 가 있습니다. + +- 주요 Redis 의 사례로는 캐싱, 세션관리 등이 있습니다. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.8_distribution_system.md b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.8_distribution_system.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f182d1e --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.8_distribution_system.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +# 5.8 분산 시스템 + +분산시스템은 공유하는 공동의 목표를 달성하기 위해 여러 개의 개별 컴퓨팅 노드에서 컴퓨팅 리소스를 활용하는 컴퓨터 프로그램의 모음을 의미합니다. + +## ➕ 분산 시스템의 장점 + +- 수평적 확장 + - Machine들을 필요할 때 추가 확장 가능합니다. +- 낮은 latency + - Machine을 물리적으로 유저와 가깝에 위치 시킴으로서 지연을 낮춥니다. +- fault tolerance + - 하나의 서버가 다운되면 다른 서버들이 그 일을 처리할 수 있습니다. + +## ➖ 분산 시스템의 단점 + +복잡성은 분산 시스템의 가장 큰 단점입니다. 많은 머신들이 존재할 수록 더 많은 메시지와 더 많은 데이터들을 서로 주고 받게 됩니다. 이는 다음과 같은 이슈들을 발생시킵니다. + +- 데이터 통합, 일치 + - 데이터와 애플리케이션의 상태를 분산시스템에서 동기화 하기 까다롭습니다. 특히 노드들이 시작할때, 멈출때, 실패했을때는 더욱 그렇습니다. +- Network and communication failure + - 메시지들이 올바른 노드에 도달하지 않거나 순서가 틀릴경우 통신과 기능 장애를 초래할 수 있습니다. +- Management overhead + - 더 많은 모니터링, 로깅, 로드 밸런싱이 분산 시스템의 연산과 실패 작업에 투입되어야 합니다. + +## 분산 스토리지 시스템 + +분산 스토리지 시스템은 네트워크의 여러 서버나 노드에 데이터를 분산 저장하는 형태의 저장 시스템을 의미합니다. + +모든 데이터를 단일 중앙 위치에 저장하는 대신 분산 저장 시스템은 데이터를 **여러 위치에 분산**하여 가용성, 내결함성, 확장성을 높일 수 있습니다. **대표적으로 Amazon S3 가 있습니다.** + +### 분산 스토리지 시스템 운영 방식 + +데이터가 작은 조각으로 분할하고 각각의 조각이 여러 서버나 노드에 복제되어 저장됩니다. + +- 이렇게 되면 한 서버가 실패해도 다른 노드에서 데이터를 검색할 수 있습니다. +- 또한 데이터 복제를 통해 데이터에 더 빠르게 액세스할 수 있도록 하여 가장 가까운 노드에서 데이터를 검색할 수 있게 합니다. + +### 분산 스토리지 시스템의 이점 + +- Scalability + - 머신들을 필요할 때 추가 확장할 수 있습니다. +- Redundancy + - 동일한 데이터를 여러 곳에 복제해서 저장하기 때문에 High Availability, BackUp, Disaster Recovery(DR) 가 보장됩니다. + + - DR: 데이터나 시스템 등의 비상 상황에서 비즈니스 연속성을 유지하기 위한 계획과 전략을 일컫습니다. + - 지난번 카카오 먹통 대란의 경우 재해복구(DR)를 제대로 마련하지 않은 것으로 확인됐습니다. + - [카카오 사태로 살펴본 '재해복구 시스템'...국내 대부분 업체 3등급 수준](https://zdnet.co.kr/view/?no=20221017165202) + +- Cost + - 저렴한 서버 여러대를 연결하여 많은 양의 데이터를 저장 가능하게 합니다. + +- Performance + - 분산 스토리지는 여러 시나리오에서 한개의 단일 서버보다 더 좋은 퍼포먼스를 보여줍니다. + - 소비자에게 더 가깝게 데이터를 저장합니다. + - 대용량의 파일을 빠르게 접근가능하도록 합니다. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.9_hadoop.md b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.9_hadoop.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6fae69a --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/5.9_hadoop.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 5.9 Hadoop + +우리는 지금 데이터의 홍수 속에 살고 있습니다. 이러한 빅데이터를 다루기 위해서 Hadoop은 가장 적절한 플랫폼입니다. 왜 Hadoop이 빅데이터 분산 처리에서 핵심 기술로 자리 잡았는지 알아가보려 합니다. + +Hadoop은 **High Availability Distributed Object Oriented Platform**의 약자로 고가용성 분산형 객체 지향적 플랫폼을 의미합니다. 하둡은 검색 엔진을 만드는 Nutch project에서 시작이 됐는데요, 검색엔진을 만들기 위해 웹 크롤링한 데이터를 저장 후 인덱싱 하는 과정을 거쳐야 했습니다. 그러나 이러한 전세계에 퍼져있는 대규모 데이터를 처리하기 위해선 분산, 병렬 처리를 해야만 했고 이 과정에서 구글의 GFS(Google File System)와 MapReduce 논문을 보고 해당 아키텍처를 구현하면서 탄생하게 되었습니다. + +![hadoop](images/2.1_hadoop.png) +출처 : SKplanet Tacademy 하둡 강의 + +→ 구글의 빅데이터 아키텍처 논문 발표에 맞춰서 Apache 재단에서 오픈소스로 구현하여 만들어진 것이 Hadoop ecosystem입니다. + +하둡의 가장 큰 핵심은 분산 컴퓨팅에 있습니다. 예를 들어 64GB의 파일을 하둡을 통해 저장할 때 우리의 눈엔 하나의 파일로 보이지만 내부적으론 이를 나누어 분산 저장하게 됩니다. 이것이 어떻게 가능한지에 대해 앞으로 설명해보려 합니다. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/main_page.md b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/main_page.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82d0d22 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/main_page.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# 5. Data Processing Frameworks I + +- date : 2023-05-07 +- author + * [이화림](https://github.com/HWALIMLEE) + * [정경륜](https://github.com/ryuni-dev) +- keyword + * 분산 처리 + * 병렬 처리 + * 캐싱 + * 메모리 최적화 + * 인메모리 DB + * 분산 시스템 + * 하둡 에코시스템 + * HDFS + * MapReduce + * MapReduce 실습 + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.1._Stream_processing_Framework.md b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.1._Stream_processing_Framework.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..12c42a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.1._Stream_processing_Framework.md @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +# 6.1 Stream Processing Framework + +> **스트림 프로세싱(Stream Processing)** 은 "in motion" 이동중인 데이터를 **실시간 혹은 준실시간(near-realtime)** 으로 처리하는 방법입니다. 스트림 프로세싱은 연속적인 데이터 스트림을 쿼리 및 분석하고 짧은 시간 안에 중요한 이벤트에 대응할 수 있습니다. 이러한 방식은 데이터를 수집해서 처리하는 배치 프로세싱과는 다르게 연속적인 데이터 스트림을 쿼리 및 분석하고 짧은 시간(밀리초) 안에 중요한 이벤트에 대응할 수 있습니다. + +스트림 프로세싱은 **이벤트 스트리밍**과 밀접한 관련이 있는데, 데이터가 연속적으로 발생하는 시스템에서 일련의 데이터 포인트에 대해 특정한 조치를 하는 것을 이벤트 스트리밍이라고 합니다. + +이 때, 이벤트는 데이터 포인트를 의미하며, 스트리밍은 그러한 이벤트의 연속적인 전달을 의미합니다. + +이러한 프로세싱은 단순한 수집에서부터 집계(합계, 평균 등의 계산), 분석(패턴 분석 및 예측), 변환 및 다른 데이터 소스와 결합을 의미합니다. + +![An overview of event stream processing([https://hazelcast.com/glossary/event-stream-processing/](https://hazelcast.com/glossary/event-stream-processing/))](images/1.1_streamprocessing.png) + +**[An overview of event stream processing](https://hazelcast.com/glossary/event-stream-processing/)** + +스트림 프로세싱은 배치 프로세싱과 비교되곤 하는데, 스트림 프로세싱이 모든 배치 프로세싱을 대체하는 것을 의미하지 않습니다. + +배치 프로세스는 정적 데이터 세트를 대상으로 작업하는 경우에 알맞으며, 스트림 프로세싱은 동적으로 흘러가는 데이터 처리에 적합합니다. + +두 방식은 상호 보완적으로 사용되며 이들을 결합한 하이브리드 모델도 존재합니다. + +| 기준 | 배치 프로세싱 | 스트림 프로세싱 | +|---|---|---| +| 처리 방식 | • 일정기간 단위로 수집하여 한 번에 처리 | • 연속된 데이터를 하나씩 처리 | +| 처리량 | • 대규모 데이터 단위 | • 주로 소량의 레코드 단위 | +| 속도 | • 수분~시간의 지연시간 | • (준)실시간 | +| 사용환경 | • 복잡한 분석이 요구되는 환경
• 데이터 처리량이 많은 환경
• 데이터를 스트림으로 전달할 수 없는 레거시 시스템 환경 | • 실시간 처리 및 분석 정보가 요구되는 환경
• 고급 메시징 | +| 사용 예 | • 급여 및 청구 시스템 | • 은행 ATM
• 부정행위 탐지 및 모니터링 시스템
• SNS 데이터 분석 | + +스트림 프로세싱의 특성으로는 이벤트 처리 보장, 내결함성(Fault Tolerance) 및 상태 관리 등을 통하여 지원된다는 것입니다. 이벤트 처리 보장은 데이터 파이프라인에서 데이터를 전달하는 방법으로, **At-least-once**, **At-most-once**, **Exactly-once 가 있습니다.** + + +## 이벤트 처리 보장 + +![Untitled](images/1.2_eventprocessing.png) + +### At-most-once + +> 메시지를 최대 한 번만 전송하고, 수신자가 메시지를 받았는 지 확인하지 않음 + +use cases: 누락되어도 상관없는 log data + +- 장점: 빠른속도(오버헤드 없음), 간단한 구현 +- 단점: 메시지가 누락 될 수 있음 + +### At-least-once + +> 메시지를 전송하고 수신 확인 답변이 올 때까지 메시지를 연속적으로 전송 + +use cases: 데이터의 누락이 중요한 경우, 중복된 값을 저장해도 상관없거나 처리가능한 경우 + +- 장점: 메시지가 누락되지 않음, 간단한 구현 +- 단점: 중복된 메시지가 전달 될 수 있음 + +### Exactly-once + +> 메시지를 정확히 한 번만 전송 +> +- 장점: 누락과 중복 없이 메시지를 전달 할 수 있음 +- 단점: 복잡한 구현 + +## 스트림 프로세싱 구현 방식 + +| 구현 방식 | 특성 | 대표 제품 | +|---|---|---| +| 네이티브 스트림 | • 지연시간 최소
• 이벤트 처리 보장 방식에 따라 내결함성 유지가 어려움 | • 플링크(Flink)
• 카프카 스트림즈(Kafka Streams) | +| 소규모 일괄처리 | • 네이티브 스트림 대비 지연시간 발생
• *로드밸런싱 용이 | • 스파크(Spark) | + + +
+❓소규모 일괄처리가 로드밸런싱이 용이한 이유? +native stream은 데이터 스트림을 받는 즉시 처리 후 저장하는 반면, micro batching은 처리할 수 있는 단위로 묶어서 보내기 때문에 로드밸런싱이 용이하다고 합니다. + +[[참고사이트](https://www.databricks.com/blog/2015/07/30/diving-into-apache-spark-streamings-execution-model.html)] +링크된 사이트의 그림을 보면 이해에 도움이 될 수 있습니다. +
+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.2.1_Apache-spark_pratice.ipynb b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.2.1_Apache-spark_pratice.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..86c2e2a --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.2.1_Apache-spark_pratice.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,220 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 💻 실습: 아파치 스파크\n", + "\n", + "## 파티션, transformation, action 등 확인" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "id": "V41AuzIaDU6E" + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "from pyspark import SparkContext, SparkConf\n", + "sc = SparkContext.getOrCreate()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "colab": { + "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", + "height": 197 + }, + "id": "VoPmPKjyD11_", + "outputId": "6eaa43b9-a906-4c47-d02f-f2af8a7ca1bf" + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "text/html": [ + "\n", + "
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\n", + " " + ], + "text/plain": [ + "" + ] + }, + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "execute_result" + } + ], + "source": [ + "sc" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "id": "EgWmnhcAD4Fu" + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "data = [1,2,3,4,5]" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "colab": { + "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" + }, + "id": "8M6iZzApDvXz", + "outputId": "61492d8b-a5ec-485c-bca6-28efbfcd3cf2" + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "text/plain": [ + "ParallelCollectionRDD[3] at readRDDFromFile at PythonRDD.scala:287" + ] + }, + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "execute_result" + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 파티션의 개수를 설정가능. 일반적으로 스파크는 자동으로 개수 설정\n", + "distData = sc.parallelize(data, 10) # 10개의 파티션으로 수행\n", + "distData" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "colab": { + "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" + }, + "id": "8hQHgai1D6ad", + "outputId": "cb6d364e-5926-4ef5-82ad-92e47d453f6f" + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "text/plain": [ + "15" + ] + }, + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "execute_result" + } + ], + "source": [ + "res = distData.reduce(lambda a, b : a + b)\n", + "res" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "id": "rBmn1z8zEG5A" + }, + "source": [ + "### 외부 데이터셋 가져오기\n", + "- 로컬 파일, HDFS, S3 등 하둡이 지원하는 스토리지로부터 분산 데이터셋을 불러올 수 있습니다." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "id": "xguYBQxUDwkA" + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# lines는 현재 메모리에 로드되지 않고 해당 파일을 가르키는 포인터임\n", + "lines = sc.textFile('./printed.txt',)\n", + "\n", + "# map이라는 변환을 취한 후 결과값(연산되지 않는 상태)\n", + "lineLengths = lines.map(lambda l: len(l)) # PythonRDD[16] at RDD at PythonRDD.scala:53\n", + "\n", + "# reduce라는 액션을 취함으로써 병렬 처리를 하면서 작업 연산을 수행\n", + "# 결과값만 driver program에게 반환\n", + "totalLength = lineLengths.reduce(lambda a, b: a+b)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Deep learning \n", + "(image classification) - 일부 예시입니다." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "from pyspark.ml.classification import LogisticRegression\n", + "from pyspark.ml.evaluation import MulticlassClassificationEvaluator\n", + "from pyspark.ml import Pipeline\n", + "from sparkdl import DeepImageFeaturizer\n", + "\n", + "featurizer = DeepImageFeaturizer(inputCol=\"image\", outputCol=\"features\", modelName=\"InceptionV3\")\n", + "lr = LogisticRegression(maxIter=20, regParam=0.05, elasticNetParam=0.3, labelCol=\"label\")\n", + "p = Pipeline(stages=[featurizer, lr])\n", + "\n", + "model = p.fit(train_images_df) # train_images_df is a dataset of images and labels\n", + "\n", + "# Inspect training error\n", + "df = model.transform(train_images_df.limit(10)).select(\"image\", \"probability\", \"uri\", \"label\")\n", + "predictionAndLabels = df.select(\"prediction\", \"label\")\n", + "evaluator = MulticlassClassificationEvaluator(metricName=\"accuracy\")\n", + "print(\"Training set accuracy = \" + str(evaluator.evaluate(predictionAndLabels)))" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "colab": { + "provenance": [] + }, + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 3", + "name": "python3" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.9.16" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.2_Apache-spark.md b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.2_Apache-spark.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96cd103 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.2_Apache-spark.md @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +# 6.2 아파치 스파크(Apache Spark) + +## Intro + +> Apache Spark는 **대규모 데이터를 처리하는 데 사용되는 오픈 소스 데이터 처리 엔진**입니다. 이 엔진은 2009년 UC Berkeley에서 개발되었으며, 기존의 클러스터 컴퓨팅 방식인 MapReduce의 한계를 극복하기 위해 만들어졌습니다. Spark는 Hadoop의 MapReduce 엔진과 비슷한 원칙을 사용하여 구축되었습니다. + +Spark는 주로 일괄 처리 워크로드의 속도를 높이기 위해 전체적인 **인메모리 계산과 최적화**에 중점을 두고 있습니다. 가장 큰 차이점은 MapReduce가 데이터를 처리한 후 디스크에 쓰거나 읽는 반면, Spark는 데이터를 메모리에 보관하여 처리 속도를 훨씬 빠르게 만든다는 점입니다. + +## Core + +![Untitled](images/2.1_sparckstructure.png) + +- Spark streaming: **원하는 언어(Python, SQL, Scala, Java, R 등)** 을 사용하여 Batch or Streaming 데이터 처리 가능 +- Spark SQL : 대부분의 데이터 웨어하우스보다 빠르고 분산된 ANSI SQL 쿼리를 실행 + - Adaptive Query Execute + - Spark가 3.x 로 버전이 업그레이드되면서 생긴 기능으로, SQL config 에 spark.sql.adaptive.enabled 을 true 로 세팅하면 AQE 를 사용할 수 있다. + - 내부적으로 동적 셔플 파티션 통합, 동적 전환 조인 전략, 스큐 조인 동적 최적화 기능을 제공한다고 합니다. + - 개발자가 신경쓰지 않아도 자동으로 적용되므로 효율적인 작업이 가능하다. + - [TPC-DS 스키마](https://datacadamia.com/data/type/relation/benchmark/tpcds/schema) 데이터 기준 쿼리 속도 최대 8배, 32개의 쿼리에선 1.1배 이상의 속도 향상이 확인됩니다. + + ![[https://www.databricks.com/blog/2020/05/29/adaptive-query-execution-speeding-up-spark-sql-at-runtime.html](https://www.databricks.com/blog/2020/05/29/adaptive-query-execution-speeding-up-spark-sql-at-runtime.html)](images/2.2_speedcomparision.png) + + [https://www.databricks.com/blog/2020/05/29/adaptive-query-execution-speeding-up-spark-sql-at-runtime.html](https://www.databricks.com/blog/2020/05/29/adaptive-query-execution-speeding-up-spark-sql-at-runtime.html) + + - Pandas vs Spark + - pandas와 spark는 dataframe이라는 데이터 타입은 SQL 테이블 또는 Excel 같이 유형이 지정된 열이있는 데이터를 다루게 될 때 아주 적합합니다. + - 대부분의 데이터처리에는 pandas 라이브러리를 통해 해결했었는데, pandas와 spark의 가장 큰 차이는 **핸들링하는 데이터의 양의 크기** + - pandas는 통상적으로 spark보다 작은 데이터 처리에 대해서는 속도가 빠르다고 하는데, **10GB이상 파일의 크기가 커지게 되면, pandas는 메모리용량의 부족으로 인해 성능이 저하**됩니다. + + + | | pandas | spark | + | --- | --- | --- | + | 공통점 | dataframe을 통해 데이터 처리를 합니다. | + | 차이점 | 적은 양의 데이터 일 때 성능이 좋다 | 큰 양의 데이터일 때 성능이 좋다 | +- Machine learning + - MLlib + - 반복계산 기준 MapReduce보다 최대 100배 빠른 알고리즘 지원 + - 분류, 회귀, 트리, 클러스터링 등 기본적인 머신러닝 알고리즘 내장 + - databricks에서 개발한 deep learning 라이브러리인 SparkDL이 있지만 다양한 모델을 개발하기엔 어려움이 보입니다. (레퍼런스를 찾아봤지만, 딥러닝에 최적화된 라이브러리는 없었습니다) + + +## Architecture + +![Untitled](images/2.3_sparckclusterinfra.png) + +- 스파크는 사용 가능한 자원을 파악하기 위해 `클러스터 매니저`를 사용합니다. + - Cluster? + + ![Untitled](images/2.4_clusterspattern.png) + + - 여러 컴퓨터들의 자원을 한 대의 컴퓨터처럼 활용하는 방법론 +- 드라이버 프로세스 + - 클러스터 노드 중 하나에서 실행(master) + - 스파크 애플리케이션 정보에 대한 유지관리, 배포, 스케줄링 등 책임 +- 익스큐터 프로세스 + - 드라이버 프로세스가 할당한 일을 수행 +- 정리: 사용자 프로그램을 수행하기 위하여, **Spark Driver** 내의**Spark Context**가 Job을 **task** 단위로 쪼갠다. **Cluster Manager**로부터 할당받은 **Executor**로 task를 넘긴다. + +### SparkSession + +![https://velog.velcdn.com/images/ekdma7379/post/6bae5b40-b06a-4ade-b960-4aa8bc567977/image.png](images/2.5_sparkjvm.png) + +- 여러가지 언어를 제공해주는 Spark는 SparkSession이라는 인터페이스를 통해 JVM에서 명시적으로 작성하지 않고 Python, R, Scala등 여러 언어를 실행시킬 수 있습니다. +- SparkSession? SparkContext? + + [SparkSession이란?](https://velog.io/@6v6/SparkSession-SparkContext-차이) + + ![Spark 계층 구조](images/2.6_rddlineage.png) + + #### Spark 계층 구조 + + **SparkContext** + + - spark2.x 이전에 SparkContext가 모든 Spark 애플리케이션의 진입점 + - 모든 Spark기능에 엑세스 할 수 있는 메인 채널 + + **SparkSession** + + - spark2.x 이후에 모든 Spark 기능의 진입점 + - SparkContext에서 사용할 수 있는 기능은 모두 SparkSession에서 사용할 수 있습니다. + + ```python + ############### + ### Spark Conf + ################ + + spark_conf = (SparkConf() + .setAppName("Your App Name")) + .set("spark.some.config.option", "some-value") + + sc = SparkContext(conf = spark_conf) + + ################### + ## Spark Session + ################### + spark = (SparkSession + .builder + .appName("Your App Name") + .config("spark.some.config.option", "some-value") + .getOrCreate()) + ``` + + +### 파티션 + +- 데이터가 컴퓨터 클러스터에서 **물리적으로 분산**되는 방식으로, RDD나 Dataset를 구성하고 있는 **최소 단위 객체** +- 각 Partition은 서로 다른 노드에서 분산 처리됩니다. +- Spark에서는 하나의 최소 연산을 Task라고 표현하는데, 이 하나의 Task에서 하나의 Partition이 처리되고, 하나의 Task는 하나의 Core가 연산 처리합니다. **1 Core = 1 Task = 1 Partition** +- 설정된 Partition 수에 따라 각 Partition의 크기가 결정됩니다. 그리고 이 Partition의 크기가 결국 Core 당 필요한 메모리 크기를 결정하게 됩니다. + - **Partition 수 → Core 수** + - **Partition 크기 → 메모리 크기** +- 따라서, Partition의 크기와 수가 Spark 성능에 큰 영향을 미치는데, 통상적으로는 Partition의 크기가 클수록 메모리가 더 필요하고, Partition의 수가 많을수록 Core가 더 필요합니다. + - **적은 수의 Partition = 크기가 큰 Partition** + - **많은 수의 Partition = 크기가 작은 Partition** + +### RDD(**Resilient Distributed Dataset)** + +[[Spark] Spark RDD(Resillient Distributed Data)란?](https://artist-developer.tistory.com/17) + +- 회복력 있는 분산 데이터로, **Lineage**를 가짐 (Lineage의 사전적 의미 : 혈통) + +![Lineage 예시](images/2.7_sparksession.png) + +#### Lineage 예시 + +- RDD는 Resillient 즉, 불변의 특성을 가지는데(**Read Only**), 그렇기 때문에 특정 동작을 위해서는 기존 RDD를 변형한 새로운 RDD가 생성될 수밖에 없습니다. 그래서 위처럼 **Spark 내의 연산에 있어 수많은 RDD들이 생성**되게 됩니다. 이 때 생성되는 연산 순서가 바로 Lineage입니다. +- 특정 동작에 의해 생성되는 RDD Lineage는 **DAG**(Directed Acyclic Graph)의 형태입니다. + + ![DAG 예시](images/2.8_dag.png) + + DAG 예시 + +- **노드간의 순환(cycle : 시작점과 끝점이 같은 형태)이 없으며, 일정한 방향성을 가지기 때문에** 각 노드 간에는 의존성이 있으며, 순서가 중요한 형태입니다. +- 이러한 DAG에 의하여, 특정 RDD 관련 정보가 메모리에서 유실되었을 경우, 그래프를 복기하여 다시 계산하고, **자동으로 복구** 할 수 있습니다. +- 스파크는 이러한 특성 때문에 **Fault-tolerant**(작업 중 장애나 고장이 발생하여도 예비 부품이나 절차가 즉시 그 역할을 대체 수행합니다.으로써 서비스의 중단이 없게 하는 특성)를 보장하는 강력한 기능을 가지고 있다. +- **RDD 동작 원리의 핵심**은 **Lazy Evaluation**(느긋한 연산)이라는 키워드에 있는데, 함수를 1) Transformation 2) Action으로 나눠 Action에 해당하는 함수를 호출할 때 실행됩니다. +- **Transformation:** RDD에서 새로운 RDD를 생성하는 함수, 스파크의 동작중에서 데이터를 처리하는 명령 ex)**map, filter, flatMap, join** +- **Action:** RDD에서 RDD가 아닌 타입의 data로 변환하는 함수,Transformation의 결과를 저장하는 명령 +- action이 일어날 때, transformation함수가 memory에 비로소 올라오게 됩니다. ex)**count, collect, reduce, save** +- Pyspark에서 UDF(사용자 정의 함수)선언 시 인터프리터와 JVM사이 커뮤니케이션으로 속도가 저하됩니다.( Python의 경우 Scala의 2배), built in 함수를 활용함 + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.3._Apache-kafka.md b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.3._Apache-kafka.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d3ffeab --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.3._Apache-kafka.md @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +# 6.3 아파치 카프카 (Apache Kafka) + +> 카프카는 링크드인에서 개발해 아파치 오픈소스로 등록되었습니다. 이후 링크드인에서 카프카를 개발한 몇몇 엔지니어들이 컨플루언트(Confluent, Inc.)를 창립해 지금까지 카프카를 발전시키고 있습니다. **카프카 스트림즈는 카프카 기능의 일부로 스트림 프로세싱을 위한 경량 라이브러리**입니다. 스파크나 플링크보다 강력하진 않지만 ***Exactly-once의 이벤트 처리를 보장**합니다. 다른 스트림 프로세서들이 실행 프레임워크인 것에 비해 사용이 쉽다는 이점이 있습니다. +> + + + + + +- 아파치 카프카는 **분산 스트리밍 플랫폼** +- 데이터 파이프 라인을 만들 때 주로 사용되는 오픈소스 솔루션 +- 대용량의 **실시간 로그처리에 특화**되어 있는 솔루션 +- 데이터를 유실없이 안전하게 전달하는 것이 주목적인 메세지 시스템 + + +## Kafka 주 특징 + +- *pub/sub model + - **Publish/Subcribe 구조는 분산 시스템에서 서로 다른 컴포넌트 또는 서비스 간의 비동기 통신을 위해 사용되는 아키텍처 디자인 패턴입니다.** + - pub/sub는 분리된 각 구성요소가 서로의 identity를 인식하지 않고 broker에 메시지를 전달하는 것이 핵심입니다. + + ![The-pub/sub-pattern](images/3.1_pubsubpattern.png) + + source: ([https://ably.com/topic/pub-sub](https://ably.com/topic/pub-sub)) + +- Kafka는 위에서 말한 것과 같이 **Publish/Subscribe (발행/구독) 모델** 구조를 가지고 있습니다. + +![kafka-structure](images/3.2_kafkastructure.png) + +- **고가용성(High availability) 및 확장성(Scalability**): 카프카는 클러스터로서 작동하므로 **Falut-tolerant**한 고가용성 서비스를 제공하고 분산 처리를 통해 빠른 데이터 처리를 가능하게 합니다. +또한, 서버를 수평적으로 늘려 안정성 및 성능을 향상시키는 **Scale-out**이 가능합니다. +- **디스크 순차 저장 및 처리(Sequential Store and Process in Disk):** 메시지를 메모리 큐에 적재하는 기존 메시지 시스템과 다르게 카프카는 메시지를 디스크에 순차적으로 저장합니다. 그럼으로서 아래와 같은 두가지 이점을 얻습니다. + - 서버에 장애가 나도 메시지가 디스크에 저장되어 있으므로 유실되지 않음 + - 디스크에 순차적으로 저장되어 있으므로 디스크 I/O가 줄어들어 성능이 빨라짐 +
+ ❓왜 디스크에 저장해도 속도가 빨라지나요? + Kafka가 Disk I/O를 사용하더라도 속도가 빠른 이유는 최적화 기술이 결합되어 있기 때문입니다. + + 1. Disk에 데이터를 순차적으로 쓰기때문에 랜덤 액세스가 줄어듦 + 2. Kafka는 데이터를 배치로 처리함. 작은 메세지를 일괄적으로 처리하여 Disk I/O를 줄임 + 3. Disk에서 데이터를 읽을 때 메모리 캐시를 사용함 + 4. 프로듀서와 컨슈머의 버퍼링을 사용하여 빠른 데이터 전송을 제공함 +
+- **분산 처리(Distributed Processing):** 카프카는 Partition이라는 개념을 통해 여러개의 파티션을 서버들에 분산시켜 나누어 처리합니다. + +## Kafka 구조 및 구성요소 + +- Kafka Producer: 프로듀서는 하나 이상의 카프카 토픽에 레코드를 쓰는 프로세스 +- Kafka Cluster: 카프카 서버로 이루어진 클러스터를 말합니다. +카프카 클러스터를 이루는 요소는 아래와 같다. + - Kafka Broker + - 카프카 플랫폼을 실행하는 서버. + - 브로커는 여러 개의 파티션을 가질 수 있고, 각 파티션은 여러개의 복제본을 가질 수 있습니다. + - Kafka Topic + - 클러스터에 데이터를 관리할 때 그 기준이 되는 개념. 토픽은 카프카 클러스터에서 여러개 만들 수 있고 하나의 토픽은 1개 이상의 파티션으로 구성되어 있습니다. + - Zookeeper + - 주키퍼는 카프카가 브로커를 관리하는 데 사용하는 분산 코디네이션 시스템입니다. + - 클러스터의 Leader를 발탁하는 방식도 주키퍼가 제공하는 기능을 이용합니다. + - Leader, Follower + - 복제된 파티션 중 하나의 리더가 선출되어 모든 읽기, 쓰기 연산을 담당합니다. + - 리더를 제외한 나머지는 팔로워가 되어 단순히 리더의 데이터를 복제하는 역할만 수행합니다. + - 리더가 죽었을 때, 팔로워중 하나가 리더로 선출되어 메시지를 처리합니다. +- Consumer Group + - 컨슈머는 하나 이상의 카프카 토픽을 구독하고 해당 토픽에 있는 레코드를 읽는 주체입니다. + - 컨슈머는 그룹으로서 데이터를 처리하며 컨슈머 그룹 안에 컨슈머 수만큼 파티션의 데이터를 분산처리하게 됩니다. + +![Untitled](images/3.3_kafkastructure2.png) + +해당 그림은 Producer가 데이터를 카프카에 적재하고 있으며 저장된 데이터를 Consumer Group A와 B가 각각 자신이 처리해야 할 Topic Foo와 Bar를 가져오는 그림입니다. + +replica를 3으로 설정해 3개의 broker를 볼 수 있으며, Foo와 Bar는 각 3개의 파티션으로 나뉘어져 있고, 각 파티션들은 3개의 복제본으로 복제됩니다. 3개의 복제본 중에 하나의 리더가 선출되고, 이 리더가 모든 연산을 담당합니다. + +중요한 것은 이 파티션들은 운영 도중 그 수를 늘릴 수 있지만 **절대 줄일 수 없기 때문**에 **파티션을 늘리는 것은 신중하게 고려해야 할 문제**가 됩니다. + +(보통의 경우에는 파티션 개수와 Consumer 개수를 맞춰주는 것을 권장하지만, 실제 메시지가 쌓이는 속도보다 처리하는 속도가 빠르다면 파티션개수 ≥ 컨슈머 개수 로 설정하는 것도 나쁘지 않습니다.😊) + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.4._Apache-storm.md b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.4._Apache-storm.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5117c91 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.4._Apache-storm.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +# 6.4 아파치 스톰 (Apache Storm) + +> 초창기 오픈소스 스트림 프로세싱 프레임워크의 하나로 트위터(Twitter, Inc.)에 의해 오픈소스화되었습니다. **지연이 매우 짧고 복잡하지 않은 스트림에 적합**합니다. 하지만, 소규모 일괄처리 스트림 모델인 스톰 트라이던트(Storm Trident)를 사용하지 않으면 **At-least-once의 이벤트 처리를 보장**합니다. 또한 **상태 관리가 지원되지 않아 집계, 윈도우, 워터마크 등을 사용할 수 없기 때문에 고급 분석에 제약**이 있습니다. +> +- 아파치 카프카는 **분산 스트리밍 플랫폼** +- 인메모리 기반의 플랫폼 + +## Storm 특징 + +- **고가용성(High availability) 및 확장성(Scalability**): Zookeeper를 활용해 고가용성을 제공하고, 클러스터링을 통해 수평적 확장 가능 +- **신뢰성**: At-least-once 보장을 지원하지만, Trident 확장을 통해 정확하게 하나의 메시지를 보장 (Exactly-once) +- **유연성**: Thrift(cross-language service 개발을 위한 sofrware framework)를 통해 모든 프로그래밍 언어에서 사용가능 + +## Storm 구조 및 구성요소 + +- Storm은 Master/Salve architecture 를 사용하고 있습니다. + + ![master-slave-structure](images/4.1_master-slave-structure.png) + + 마스터 슬레이브 구조는 마스터와 슬레이브 두 부분으로 구성되어 있으며, 마스터 컴포넌트는 동등한 구조를 지닌 슬레이브 컴포넌트들에 작업을 분산하고, 슬레이브가 반환한 결과값으로부터 최종 결과값을 계산합니다. + +- Nimbus: **마스터 노드**로 주요 설정 정보를 가지고 있고, Nimbus를 통해서 프로그래밍 된 토폴로지를 Supervisor 노드로 배포합니다. 일종의 중앙 컨트롤러 역할을 수행합니다. +- Supervisor: 실제 워커노드로 Nimbus로 프로그램을 배포 받아 탑재하고, 배정된 작업을 실행하는 역할을 합니다. 하나의 클러스터에는 여러개의 Supervisor 노드를 가질 수 있으며, 이를 통해서 여러개의 서버로 작업을 분산처리 할 수 있습니다. +- Zookeeper: 여러개의 Supervisor를 관리하기 위해서, 각 노드의 상태를 모니터링하고, 작업의 상태들을 공유시킵니다. + +![storm-structure](images/4.2_storm-structure.png) + +- Spout: 데이터 소스에서 데이터스트림을 생성해 Bolt로 전달합니다. 이 때 전달되는 데이터는 Tuple(키와 값 형태로 정의) 형태입니다. +- Bolt: 데이터 스트림을 받아 데이터를 처리하고 내부의 로직에 따라 가공한 다음에 데이터 스트림으로 다른 Bolt로 넘겨주거나 종료합니다. + +![tuple](images/4.3_storm-tuple.png) + + +- Topology: Spout와 Bolt의 데이터 흐름을 정의하는 것을 토폴로지라고 합니다. + +![topology1](images/4.4_storm-topology.png)
+위 그림에서 각 Spout로 부터 빨간색 선 , 파란색 선으로 데이터 흐름이 정의 된 것을 볼 수 있습니다. + + +![opology2](images/4.5_storm-topology.png)
+앞서 나온 튜플과 데이터 흐름을 시각화하면 위와 같은 그림으로 정리할 수 있습니다. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.5._Apache-flink.md b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.5._Apache-flink.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..256f57f --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.5._Apache-flink.md @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +# 6.5 아파치 플링크 (Apache Flink) + +> 플링크(Flink)는 독일어로 민첩함을 뜻하는 단어로 베를린 TU대학교에서 시작된 아파치 프로젝트입니다. **Exactly-once의 이벤트 처리**를 보장하는 **네이티브 스트림** 방식으로, **지연 발생이 적고 처리량은 높으며** **비교적 사용하기 쉬운 이점**이 있습니다. 일괄처리 기능도 제공하지만 스트림 프로세싱을 목적으로 주로 사용됩니다. +> + +대용량 데이터 스트림 처리를 위한 오픈소스 분산형 스트림 처리 엔진 + +## Flink 특징 + +- **네이티브 스트림**: **경량 분산 스냅샷을 구현**해서 Exactly-once 를 보장하면서 오버헤드도 낮출 수 있습니다. +- **인메모리:** Java 애플리케이션으로 JVM(Java Virtual Machine)에서 실행되지만 JVM GC(Garbage Collector)에 전적으로 의존하지 않습니다. 대신 커스텀 메모리 관리자를 구현하여 안정적인 메모리 사용량을 유지하면서 성능을 향상시킵니다. +- **손쉬운 설정 및 사용, 강력한 확장 기능:** 입력 이벤트 스트림에 개별적으로 액세스할 수 있으며 강력한 윈도우 연산자를 사용하여 분석을 수행할 수 있습니다. 고급 분석용 API에서 상세한 제어 기능을 제공하는 상태 저장 이벤트 기반 애플리케이션 수준에 이르기까지 ***계층화된 API를 제공**합니다. + + --- + + - **계층화된 API** + + ![flink-api](images/5.1_flink-api.png) + + - **DataStream API:** Flink 애플리케이션 작성 시 UnBounded Streams 에서 사용되는 고수준 API입니다. + - **DataSet API:** Flink 애플리케이션 작성시 Bounded Streams에서 사용되는 더 낮은 수준의 API입니다. +- **상태 기반 계산(stateful computation) 지원:** 기본 비즈니스 로직을 실행하는 모든 애플리케이션은 이벤트 또는 중간 결과를 기억하여 나중에 다음 이벤트가 수신되거나 특정 기간이 지난 후에 접근할 수 있도록 합니다. + + ![flink-api2](images/5.2_flink-api2.png) + + +![flink-feature](images/5.3_flink-feature.png) + +- **게으른 평가:** 계산을 최대한 늦출 수 있는 게으른 평가를 사용합니다. 즉, 계산이 필요할 때까지 계산이 수행되지 않습니다. +- **지연 데이터 처리:** 이벤트 발생 시간과 처리 시간을 구분하고 워터마크를 사용하여 지연 데이터를 처리합니다. +즉, 데이터 포인트는 들어오는 즉시 처리되지 않더라도 처리될 수 있습니다. + +## Flink 아키텍처 및 주요 구성 요소 + +![flink-structure](images/5.4_flink-structure.png) + +- **JobManager:** 하나이상의 TaskManager로 구성되어 있으며, 제출된 작업을 예약 및 관리하고 작업에 자원을 할당해 실행 계획을 조율합니다. +- **TaskManager:** 클러스터의 여러 노드에 걸쳐 할당된 자원에서 사용자 정의 기능을 실행합니다. + +이 아키텍처의 장점은 대규모 데이터 세트를 거의 실시간으로 처리할 수 있도록 효율적으로 확장할 수 있다는 것입니다. + +## Flink Ecosystem + +![flink-ecosystem](images/5.5_flink-ecosystem.png) + +- **DataSet API:** 일괄 처리를 위한 Flink의 핵심 API로 Map, Reduce, Join, Co-group 같은 반복 연산에 사용됩니다. +- **DataStream API:** 스트리밍 데이터(무제한 및 무한 라이브 데이터 스트림)를 처리하는 데 사용되며, 이를 통해 사용자는 외부 데이터 저장소를 쿼리하여 윈도우잉, 시간당 기록 변환, 이벤트 보강 등 들어오는 이벤트에 대한 임의의 연산을 정의할 수 있습니다. +- **복합 이벤트 처리(CEP: Complex Event Processing)** +정규식이나 StateMachine을 사용하여 이벤트 패턴을 지정해DataStream API와 통합되어 **데이터에 대한 패턴 인식을 실시간으로 수행**할 수 있습니다. +네트워크 이상 탐지, 규칙 기반 알림, 프로세스 모니터링, 사기 탐지 같은 애플리케이션에 +- **SQL 및 Table API:** SQL 쿼리와 Table API를 사용해 테이블 스키마를 기반으로 데이터를 쉽게 조작하여 최소한의 노력으로 복잡한 데이터 변환 파이프라인을 구축할 수 있습니다. +- **Gelly** + - DataSet API 위에서 실행되는 다목적 그래프 처리 및 분석 라이브러리로 확장성과 견고함을 모두 갖추고 있습니다. + - Gelly는 label propagation, triangle enumeration, page rank와 같은 기본 제공 알고리즘을 갖추고 있으며 쉽게 구현할 수 있는 사용자 정의 **그래프 알고리즘 API도 지원**합니다. +- **FlinkML** + - DataSet API 위에서 실행되는 분산 머신 러닝 알고리즘 라이브러리로 선형 회귀, 로지스틱 회귀, 의사 결정 트리, K-평균 클러스터링, LDA 등과 같은 지도 및 비지도 학습 기법을 모두 적용할 수 있는 통합된 방법을 사용자에게 제공합니다. + - 신경망 구축을 위한 실험적인 딥 러닝 프레임워크(TensorFlow 패키징)를 제공합니다. + - example code + + ```python + from pyflink.commonimport Types + from pyflink.datastreamimport StreamExecutionEnvironment + from pyflink.ml.linalgimport Vectors, DenseVectorTypeInfo + from pyflink.ml.clustering.kmeansimport KMeans + from pyflink.tableimport StreamTableEnvironment + + # create a new StreamExecutionEnvironment + env= StreamExecutionEnvironment.get_execution_environment() + + # create a StreamTableEnvironment + t_env= StreamTableEnvironment.create(env) + + # generate input data + input_data= t_env.from_data_stream( + env.from_collection([ + (Vectors.dense([0.0, 0.0]),), + (Vectors.dense([0.0, 0.3]),), + (Vectors.dense([0.3, 3.0]),), + (Vectors.dense([9.0, 0.0]),), + (Vectors.dense([9.0, 0.6]),), + (Vectors.dense([9.6, 0.0]),), + ], + type_info=Types.ROW_NAMED( + ['features'], + [DenseVectorTypeInfo()]))) + + # create a kmeans object and initialize its parameters + kmeans= KMeans().set_k(2).set_seed(1) + + # train the kmeans model + model= kmeans.fit(input_data) + + # use the kmeans model for predictions + output= model.transform(input_data)[0] + + # extract and display the results + field_names= output.get_schema().get_field_names() + for resultin t_env.to_data_stream(output).execute_and_collect(): + features= result[field_names.index(kmeans.get_features_col())] + cluster_id= result[field_names.index(kmeans.get_prediction_col())] + print('Features: '+ str(features)+ ' \tCluster Id: '+ str(cluster_id)) + ``` + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.6._Appendix.md b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.6._Appendix.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0823ddd --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.6._Appendix.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# 6.6 데이터 처리방법 비교 + +## Comparison + +| 구분 | Apache storm | Apache Storm Trident | Apache Flink | Apache Kafka | Apache Kafka Streams | Spark streaming | Samza | +| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | +| Streaming model | native | micro-batching | micro-batching | native | native | micro-batching | native | +| API | Compositional | Compositional | Declarative | Declarative | Declarative | Declarative | Compositional | +| Guarantee | At-least-once | Exactly-once | Exactly-once | Exactly-once | Exactly-once | Exactly-once | At-least-once | +| Fault Tolerance | Record ACKs | Record ACKs | Checkpointing | Log-based | Log-based | RDD based Checkpointing | Log-based(kafka 활용) | +| State Management | Not build-in | Dedicated Operators | Stateful Operators | Not build-in | Stateful Operators | Dedicated Dstream | Stateful Operators | +| Latency | Very low | Medium | Low | Low | Low | Medium | Low | +| Throughput | Low | Medium | Low | Medium | Medium | High | Medium | +| Maturity | High | High | Low | High | High | High | Medium | + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.7_reference.md b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.7_reference.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0e0b99 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/6.7_reference.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +# `🗂️ 참고자료(Reference)` + +## References + +- [A look at 8 top stream processing platforms | Ably Blog: Data in Motion](https://ably.com/blog/a-look-at-8-top-stream-processing-platforms) + +- [Stream Processing Frameworks Compared: Top Tools for Processing Da-ta Streams - nexocode](https://nexocode.com/blog/posts/stream-processing-frameworks-compared-top-tools-for-processing-data-streams/) + +- [아파치 실시간 처리 프레임워크 비교분석 (1) | Popit](https://www.popit.kr/아파치-실시간-처리-프레임워크-비교분석-1/) + +- [What is Apache Flink? Architecture, Use Cases, and Benefits - nexocode](https://nexocode.com/blog/posts/what-is-apache-flink/) + +- [글로벌 기업이 더 주목하는 스트림 프로세싱 프레임워크 - 플링크[Flink] 이해하기 | 인사이트리포트 | 삼성SDS](https://www.samsungsds.com/kr/insights/flink.html) + +- [아파치 카프카(Apache Kafka) 아키텍처 및 동작 방식](https://engkimbs.tistory.com/691) + +- [Kafka 이해하기](https://medium.com/@umanking/카프카에-대해서-이야기-하기전에-먼저-data에-대해서-이야기해보자-d2e3ca2f3c2) + +**spark** + +- [Apache Spark™ - Unified Engine for large-scale data analytics](https://spark.apache.org/) + +- [아파치 스파크(Apache Spark)의 기본 배경지식](https://firststep-de.tistory.com/47) + +**RDD** + +- [[Spark] Spark RDD(Resillient Distributed Data)란?](https://artist-developer.tistory.com/17) + +- [[PySpark] Apache Spark 와 RDD 자료구조](https://techblog-history-younghunjo1.tistory.com/151) + +- [[BigData] Spark( RDD vs DataFrame vs Dataset)](https://spidyweb.tistory.com/197) + +**AQE** + +- [[Spark3] Adaptive Query Execution](https://eyeballs.tistory.com/245) + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/template_main_page.md b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/template_main_page.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad48c25 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/template_main_page.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# 6. Data Processing Frameworks II + +- date : 2023-05-07 +- author + * [김예신](https://github.com/yesinkim) + * [최한승](https://github.com/Henry-choi426) +- keyword + * 실시간 데이터 + * 배치 데이터 + * 아파치 스파크 + * 아파치 카프카 + * 아파치 스톰 + * 아파치 플링크 + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/template_sub_page.md b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/template_sub_page.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bc7d3ff --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/template_sub_page.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +# (소제목) + diff --git a/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/7.1_airflow_theory.md b/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/7.1_airflow_theory.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a5c8104 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/7.1_airflow_theory.md @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +# 7.1 Introduction to Apache Airflow + + + +## Airflow 란? + +- Python 기반의 workflow tool 입니다. +- workflow 를 구성하는 방법을 DAG 와 task 라는 단위로 복잡하고 다양하게 구성 가능합니다. +- `Task` : airflow의 operator, etl등의 작업들이 각각의 task가 되며, task간 순서 지정이 가능합니다. +- `DAG(Directes Acyclic Graph)` : 방향성 비순환 그래프로 데이터파이프라인 하나의 단위, 하나의 DAG에는 하나 이상의 task로 구성됩니다. +- Airflow는 데이터 파이프라인의 태스크를 예약하고 결과를 모니터링하는 `웹 서버`, `스케줄러` 및 `워커 프로세스`라는 세 가지 주요 컴포넌트로 구성! + +### `데이터 파이프라인`을 관리하기 위한 Airflow + +- 💡 데이터 파이프라인은 `방향성 비순환 그래프(DAG)`에 `Task`와 이에 대한 `의존성`을 정의합니다. +- 💡 수년간 태스크 그래프를 실행할 수 있는 여러 워크플로 관리 시스템이 개발되었고, 그 중 Airflow는 배치 지향 데이터 파이프라인 구현을 위해 특화된 주요 기능을 가지고 있습니다. + + +## Airflow의 장단점 + +### 장점: + +- 파이썬 코드로 작성되어, 쉽고 간단하게 배치, 워크플로우 구성이 가능합니다. +- 파이썬 기반으로 구현되어 있기 때문에, 파이썬 언어에서 구현할 수 있는 대부분의 방법을 사용하여 복잡한 커스텀 파이프라인 구축이 가능합니다. +- 후술할 `Backfill` 기능을 사용하여 과거 데이터를 손쉽게 재처리할 수 있기 때문에 코드를 변경한 후 재생성이 필요한 데이터 재처리가 가능합니다. + +### 단점: + +- 반복적이거나 배치태스크에 기능초점이 맞춰져 있기 때문에, 스트리밍 데이터 처리에 적합하지 않습니다. + +## Airflow의 주요 컴포넌트 + + + +- `Airflow 워커`: 예약된 task를 선택하고 실행합니다. +- `Airflow 스케줄러`: DAG를 분석, 현 시점에서 DAG의 스케줄이 지난 경우 워커에 DAG의 태스크를 예약합니다. +- `Airflow 웹서버`: 스케줄러에서 분석한 DAG를 시각화하고 DAG 실행과 결과를 환인할 수 있는 주요 인터페이스를 제공합니다. + +### 이외 컴포넌트 + +- `Airflow database` : 최초 설치시 기본으로 sqlite가 기본으로 설치됩니다. +- `Airflow queue` : 멀티노드 구성인 경우에만 사용합니다. + +## Airflow 스케쥴링 + +💡 Airflow의 스케줄 간격은 Cron구문을 활용하여 주로 설정합니다. + +| 크론 구문 예시 | 설명 | +| --- | --- | +| 0 * * * * | 매시간 (정시 실행) | +| 0 0 * * * | 매일 (자정에 실행) | +| 0 0 * * 0 | 매주 (일요일 자정에 실행) | +| 0 0 1 * * | 매월 1일 자정 | +| 45 23 * * SAT | 매주 토요일 23시 45분 | +| 0 0 * * MON, WED, FRI | 매주 월, 화, 금 자정에 실행 | +| 0 0 * * MON-FRI | 매주 월~금 자정에 실행 | +| 0 0,12 * * * | 매일 자정 및 오후 12시 실행 | + +### 백필(backfill) + +- DAG의 과거 시점을 지정해 실행하는 프로세스 입니다. +- DAG에 과거 시작 날짜를 지정하고 해당 DAG를 활성화하면 과거 시작 이후부터 현재시간까지의 모든 스케쥴 간격이 생성됩니다. +- Backfill의 경우 `catchup`이라는 매개변수에 의해 제어됩니다. (True/False) + +### 🛠 매일 0시 0분에 실행되는 DAG예제 + +```bash +DAG( + dag_id='test_dag', + schedule_interval='0 0 * * *', + start_date=datetime.datetime(2023, 1, 1) +) +``` + +- 위와 같이 설정하게 되면, 최초 실행일자는 2023년 1월 2일 0시 0분이며, +2023년 1월 1일 0시 ~ 2023년 1월 1일 23시 59분 까지의 데이터를 기준으로 작업합니다. + +- 만약 2021년 1월 4일에 start_date가 2021-01-01인 DAG를 생성하여 ON했다면 2021-01-01, 2021-01-02, 2021-01-03에 해당하는 스케쥴이 트리거되어 실행됩니다. + +- `Start_date` : 처음 DAG가 실행되는 시간이 아닌, COPY하기 시작한 시간 입니다. +- `Execution_date` : 실행시각이 아닌, 일련의 주문번호 개념 (crontab실행시점) + - 증분 적재하는 경우에만 활용 가능합니다. + - 파이프라인 실패 혹은 재처리가 필요할 경우 사용하는 변수값 입니다. + +## Airflow는 만능?! + +- Airflow는 scheduling 기반의 batch 용 workflow 도구입니다. +- 아래와 같은 기능은 어려움이 있습니다. + - streaming 작업 (마이크로 배치식으로 부분적으로 구현은 가능) + - 무한히 실행되는 작업 + - Airflow 외부 요소에 의해 trigger 되는 scheduling 방식 (API로 트리거는 가능, 외부 API가 DAG을 찌르는 건 어려움) +- 아래와 같은 작업은 airflow에서 적합하지 않을 수 있습니다. + - 지연을 허용하지 않는 작업의 스케줄링 + - Airflow worker 내에서 고부하 작업의 처리 (내부에서 고연산 작업을 하기보단 제출하는 형태로 구현합니다.) + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/7.2_airflow_executor.md b/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/7.2_airflow_executor.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..816ee48 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/7.2_airflow_executor.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +# 7.2 Airflow Executor + +## Introduction to Executor + + + +- Executor는 worker에게 task를 실행시키는 역할입니다. +- 실제 task의 실행은 스케줄러 내부에서 수행할 수도, 외부의 worker에게 실행을 맡길 수도 있습니다. +- 다양한 종류가 있으며, 직접 machine 을 pooling 해서 관리하는 경우에는 Celery Executor를, k8s 환경 하에서는 Kubernetes Exceutor 를 가장 많이 선택하게 됩니다. + +## [Sequential Executor](https://airflow.apache.org/docs/apache-airflow/stable/core-concepts/executor/sequential.html) (기본 제공) + + + +- Airflow를 처음 설치 시, 기본적으로 제공됩니다. +- 기본 DataBase인 SQLite와 활용 가능합니다. +- 작업을 순차적으로 진행하는 단일 스레드 기반으로 병렬처리가 불가능합니다. +- 스케일 인아웃이 불가능 합니다. +- 주로 초기 개발 및 테스트 환경에서 사용됩니다. + +## [Local Executor](https://airflow.apache.org/docs/apache-airflow/stable/core-concepts/executor/local.html) + + + +- 로컬에서 프로세스를 실행시켜 task를 실행하는 방식입니다. +- 병렬처리가 가능합니다. +- 스케일링 하기 적합하지 않습니다. +- 프로덕션 레벨에서는 적당하지 않습니다. + +## [Celery Executor](https://airflow.apache.org/docs/apache-airflow/stable/core-concepts/executor/celery.html) + + + +- Celery 백엔드(RabbitMQ, Redis)를 활용합니다. +- 분산 task 처리가 가능합니다. +- 수평적 스케일링 가능합니다. +- 내결함성을 제공할 수 있습니다. +- 프로덕션 레벨에도 적합합니다. + +## [Kubernetes Executor](https://airflow.apache.org/docs/apache-airflow/stable/core-concepts/executor/kubernetes.html) + + + +- K8s 환경에서 수행해야 할 시점이 된 태스크를 스케줄러가 찾고, Executor가 동적으로 Airflow 워커를 POD 형태로 실행합니다. +- 리소스를 개별 task에 할당 가능합니다. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/7.3_airflow_use_cases.md b/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/7.3_airflow_use_cases.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dd79c4b --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/7.3_airflow_use_cases.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +# 7.3 Airflow Use Cases + +## 1️⃣ Streaming > Batch 데이터 변환, 정제 작업 + +### Overview + +streaming application 이 데이터 저장 작업을 마치면, 해당 streaming 데이터의 경로를 읽어서 Batch용 데이터 저장소(예: hadoop 의 특정 경로의 시간단위 파티셔닝 경로)로 옮기는 작업을 수행합니다. + +- Case1: streaming 이 지연이 있더라도 최대 x시간 이내이라면, x시간 이전 데이터를 읽는 DAG를 만든다. +- Case2: streaming application이 하나라면 DAG를 API로 호출하는 것도 하나의 방법이다. + +데이터를 확정하기 위해 필요한 추가 작업들도 같이 workflow로 구성합니다. + +### Background + +- 파일 시스템 또는 DB상에서의 streaming 데이터는 대개 파일(데이터) 사이즈가 일정하지 않고 (hadoop block size 에 최적화되지 않고) 파일이 여러개 존재하고, 경로만으로는 해당 시간의 데이터의 확정 여부를 확인하기 어렵습니다. + +- 데이터를 확정할 수 없는 데이터로 다양한 배치작업을 시작할 수 없습니다. + +### Effect + +1. streaming 데이터의 적재 지연이나, 데이터 오류 등으로 재처리가 필요할 때 Web UI/API 호출을 통해서 특정 시점이나 기간의 데이터를 재처리 할 수 있습니다. +2. Batch 데이터의 적재 뿐만아니라 후속작업을 이어서 workflow로 구성할 수 있습니다. + - 후속작업의 예: hive 의 add/drop partition +3. 해당 DAG에 다른 DAG들이 sensor 로 연결해서 batch 데이터 적재가 정상적으로 완료되면 후속 workflow들을 자유롭게 이어갈 수 있습니다. + +## 2️⃣ Sensor 를 이용한 데이터 정합성 보장 + +### Overview + +- 앞서 1에서 만든 batch 작업이 끝나면, 해당 batch DAG 를 sensor 로 등록하여 해당 DAG가 성공하면, 이어져야할 후속작업을 timedelta만큼의 차이를 두고 수행합니다. + +- 기본적으로 Sensor 로 모니터링하는 DAG 의 interval과 같은 경우에 사용합니다. + +- 인터벌이 다른 경우, Sensor를 사용하지 않고 별도의 schedule을 사용합니다. + +### Background + +- 서비스에서 사용하는 주요 데이터(베이스)의 경우, 사용처가 많습니다. + - 이 경우 해당 데이터 정제작업의 완료 이후에 이어져야 할 일들이 많게는 수십개 이상이되는 경우가 생깁니다. +- 이렇게 많은 작업들이 단순히 정기적인 schedule 로 스케줄링 한다면, 데이터 지연, 데이터 처리 자원 부족등의 이유로 밀리기 시작하면 모든 작업들이 실패하거나 밀리게 됩니다. + +### Effect + +1. 선수 작업의 지연이나 실패시 모든 후속 작업을 수동으로 재처리를 해야한다면, 재처리에 의한 부하가 커지는 경향이 있습니다. + - (무분별하게 재처리 trigger, 중복된 재처리 등) 이것을 방지하고 graceful 하게 작업의 흐름이 이어질 수 있게 합니다. +2. airflow cluster 내에서 DAG 들 사이의 선수관계와 영향도의 파악이 선언적으로 가능합니다. +3. 2에 의해서 선수작업의 지연이나 장애시 임팩트와 사이드 이펙트 등을 한번에 확인할 수 있습니다. + +## 3️⃣ Schedule 을 이용한 부하분산 + +### Overview + +- 같은 리소스풀에 부하가 있는 작업을 처리하는 DAG들은 모두 hourly, daily 작업이더라도 해당 interval 사이에 수행되는 시간을 schedule cron 식을 이용해서 분산합니다. +- 예를 들어 DAG1 은 매시 1분에 DAG2는 매시 11분에 DAG3 은 매시 21분에 시작되는 식입니다. + +### Background + +- airflow는 큰 작업을 worker 내에서 처리하지 않고, 외부의 대용량 처리장치에 위임합니다. +- hourly, daily 로 처리되는 작업은 보통 같은 데이터베이스 등의 자원 또는 리소스 풀을 사용하는 경향이 있습니다. +- hourly 로 동작하는 작업이 모두 매시 0분 0초에 시작된다고 해본다면? + - 한 시간 중 처음의 몇분 동안만 리소스를 과다하게 점유해 starvation 이 일어나서 리소스 풀의 전체의 장애나 이용중단이 있을 수 있습니다. + +### Effect + +1. 같은 시간에 집중적인 자원 사용으로 인해 starvation이 일어나는 것을 방지할 수 있습니다. +2. 리소스풀의 자원을 skew 없이 고르게 사용할 수 있다. + 리소스 풀의 전체 utilization 을 건강하게 높일 수 있습니다. +3. airflow 의 DAG 는 schedule 식을 선언적으로 코드에 썼기 때문에 클러스터 관리자 입장에서 DAG의 선언과 Operator 의 사용을 보고 사전에/자동으로 관리할 수 있습니다. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/7.4.1_airflow_hands_on.ipynb b/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/7.4.1_airflow_hands_on.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9afdad3 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/7.4.1_airflow_hands_on.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,308 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 💻 실습: Airflow" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "```bash\n", + "# Airflow 관련 폴더 및 유저 권한 설정\n", + "mkdir -p ./dags ./logs ./plugins\n", + "echo -e \"AIRFLOW_UID=$(id -u)\" > .env\n", + "```" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "```bash\n", + "# 참고사항 - CLI 설정\n", + "curl -LfO 'https://airflow.apache.org/docs/apache-airflow/2.5.1/airflow.sh'\n", + "chmod +x airflow.sh\n", + "\n", + "# 설치 정보 확인\n", + "./airflow.sh airflow info\n", + "```" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## 실습 1️⃣ hello_world.py" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "from airflow import DAG\n", + "from airflow.operators.python import PythonOperator\n", + "from datetime import datetime\n", + "\n", + "def helloworld():\n", + " print(\"hello world\")\n", + "\n", + "with DAG(\n", + " dag_id=\"hello_world_dag\",\n", + " start_date=datetime(2023,5,25),\n", + " schedule_interval=\"@hourly\",\n", + " catchup=False\n", + " ) as dag:\n", + " \n", + " task1 = PythonOperator(\n", + " task_id = \"hello_world\",\n", + " python_callable=helloworld\n", + " )\n", + "\n", + "task1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "```bash\n", + "# Airflow 실행\n", + "# 처음 실행 시, 2분 내로 실행\n", + "docker-compose up -d\n", + "\n", + "# 접속\n", + "localhost:8080\n", + "- ID: airflow\n", + "- PW: airflow\n", + "```" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "```bash\n", + "# 사용 리소스 정리\n", + "docker-compose down --volumes --rmi all\n", + "\n", + "# 작업 폴더 삭제\n", + "cd .. && rm -r airflow-docker\n", + "```" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## 실습 2️⃣ download_rocket_launches.py" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "```bash\n", + "# 작업 폴더 생성\n", + "mkdir -p airflow-docker/dags && cd airflow-docker\n", + "\n", + "# docker-compose.yaml 파일 생성\n", + "cat < docker-compose.yaml\n", + "version: '3.7'\n", + "# ====================================== AIRFLOW ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES =======================================\n", + "x-environment: &airflow_environment\n", + " - AIRFLOW__CORE__EXECUTOR=LocalExecutor\n", + " - AIRFLOW__CORE__LOAD_DEFAULT_CONNECTIONS=False\n", + " - AIRFLOW__CORE__LOAD_EXAMPLES=False\n", + " - AIRFLOW__CORE__SQL_ALCHEMY_CONN=postgresql://airflow:airflow@postgres:5432/airflow\n", + " - AIRFLOW__CORE__STORE_DAG_CODE=True\n", + " - AIRFLOW__CORE__STORE_SERIALIZED_DAGS=True\n", + " - AIRFLOW__WEBSERVER__EXPOSE_CONFIG=True\n", + "\n", + "x-airflow-image: &airflow_image apache/airflow:2.0.0-python3.8\n", + "# ====================================== /AIRFLOW ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES ======================================\n", + "services:\n", + " postgres:\n", + " image: postgres:12-alpine\n", + " environment:\n", + " - POSTGRES_USER=airflow\n", + " - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=airflow\n", + " - POSTGRES_DB=airflow\n", + " ports:\n", + " - \"5432:5432\"\n", + "\n", + " init:\n", + " image: *airflow_image\n", + " depends_on:\n", + " - postgres\n", + " environment: *airflow_environment\n", + " entrypoint: /bin/bash\n", + " command: -c 'airflow db init && airflow users create --username admin --password admin --firstname Anonymous --lastname Admin --role Admin --email admin@example.org'\n", + "\n", + " webserver:\n", + " image: *airflow_image\n", + " restart: always\n", + " depends_on:\n", + " - postgres\n", + " ports:\n", + " - \"8080:8080\"\n", + " volumes:\n", + " - logs:/opt/airflow/logs\n", + " environment: *airflow_environment\n", + " command: webserver\n", + "\n", + " scheduler:\n", + " image: *airflow_image\n", + " restart: always\n", + " depends_on:\n", + " - postgres\n", + " volumes:\n", + " - logs:/opt/airflow/logs\n", + " - ./dags:/opt/airflow/dags\n", + " environment: *airflow_environment\n", + " command: scheduler\n", + "\n", + "volumes:\n", + " logs:\n", + "EOF\n", + "```" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "import json\n", + "import pathlib\n", + "\n", + "import airflow.utils.dates\n", + "import requests\n", + "import requests.exceptions as requests_exceptions\n", + "from airflow import DAG\n", + "from airflow.operators.bash import BashOperator\n", + "from airflow.operators.python import PythonOperator\n", + "\n", + "dag = DAG(\n", + " dag_id=\"download_rocket_launches\",\n", + " description=\"Download rocket pictures of recently launched rockets.\",\n", + " start_date=airflow.utils.dates.days_ago(14),\n", + " schedule_interval=\"@daily\",\n", + ")\n", + "\n", + "download_launches = BashOperator(\n", + " task_id=\"download_launches\",\n", + " bash_command=\"curl -o /tmp/launches.json -L 'https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/launch/upcoming'\", # noqa: E501\n", + " dag=dag,\n", + ")\n", + "\n", + "def _get_pictures():\n", + " # Ensure directory exists\n", + " pathlib.Path(\"/tmp/images\").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)\n", + "\n", + " # Download all pictures in launches.json\n", + " with open(\"/tmp/launches.json\") as f:\n", + " launches = json.load(f)\n", + " image_urls = [launch[\"image\"] for launch in launches[\"results\"]]\n", + " for image_url in image_urls:\n", + " try:\n", + " response = requests.get(image_url)\n", + " image_filename = image_url.split(\"/\")[-1]\n", + " target_file = f\"/tmp/images/{image_filename}\"\n", + " with open(target_file, \"wb\") as f:\n", + " f.write(response.content)\n", + " print(f\"Downloaded {image_url} to {target_file}\")\n", + " except requests_exceptions.MissingSchema:\n", + " print(f\"{image_url} appears to be an invalid URL.\")\n", + " except requests_exceptions.ConnectionError:\n", + " print(f\"Could not connect to {image_url}.\")\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "get_pictures = PythonOperator(\n", + " task_id=\"get_pictures\", python_callable=_get_pictures, dag=dag\n", + ")\n", + "\n", + "notify = BashOperator(\n", + " task_id=\"notify\",\n", + " bash_command='echo \"There are now $(ls /tmp/images/ | wc -l) images.\"',\n", + " dag=dag,\n", + ")\n", + "\n", + "download_launches >> get_pictures >> notify" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "```bash\n", + "# 아래의 부분 중, ls~ 는 실제 경로가 없으므로 파일 내에서 수정\n", + "# bash_command='echo \"There are now $(ls /tmp/images/ | wc -l) images.\"',\n", + "\n", + "# 실행\n", + "docker-compose up -d\n", + "\n", + "# 접속\n", + "localhost:8080\n", + "ID: admin\n", + "PW: admin\n", + "\n", + "# 실습 완료 후, 리소스 삭제\n", + "docker-compose down\n", + "cd .. && rm -r airflow-docker\n", + "```" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## 3️⃣ 추가 예시 소개" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 로그 전처리 및 전달 (로그 서버 및 샘플 데이터 필요)\n", + "\n", + "[Step by step: build a data pipeline with Airflow](https://towardsdatascience.com/step-by-step-build-a-data-pipeline-with-airflow-4f96854f7466)\n", + "\n", + "[GitHub - kyokin78/airflow: Build a data pipeline with Apache Airflow](https://github.com/kyokin78/airflow/tree/master)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 로그 처리 과정\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "### DAG 구성\n", + "\n", + "" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "dbt", + "language": "python", + "name": "python3" + }, + "language_info": { + "name": "python", + "version": "3.8.16" + }, + "orig_nbformat": 4 + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 2 +} diff --git a/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/7.4_airflow_hands_on.md b/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/7.4_airflow_hands_on.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..43066aa --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/7.4_airflow_hands_on.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +# 7.4 Airflow Hands-On + +- 로컬환경에서 Docker를 이용한 학습을 할 것이기 때문에 Docker Desktop을 설치합니다. + +## 준비사항 + +### Docker Install (Windows) +- Docker + - Windows 환경 설치 참고 블로그 + + [[Windows 10] Docker 설치 완벽 가이드(Home 포함)](https://www.lainyzine.com/ko/article/a-complete-guide-to-how-to-install-docker-desktop-on-windows-10/) + + [윈도우 버전 Docker 설치 방법](https://freewings.tistory.com/98) + + [도커 데스크탑 설치하기 - 윈도우11 WSL2 환경](https://digiconfactory.tistory.com/entry/도커-데스크탑-설치-WSL2) + +- `AIRFLOW_VERSION` - Airflow version (e.g. `2.6.1`) or `main`, `2-0`, for latest development version +- `PYTHON_VERSION` Python version e.g. `3.8`, `3.7` + +### Docker Install (Mac) + +```bash +# Mac 환경 +# brew 설치 시, compose, machine 등 추가 설치 필요 + +# brew --cask 설치 >> Docker desktop on Mac 설치 (docker-compose, docker-machine 포함) +brew install docker --cask +``` + +### 설치완료 + + + +- 설치 완료! 🚀 + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/7.5_reference.md b/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/7.5_reference.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..837e9ac --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/7.5_reference.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# `🗂️ 참고자료(Reference)` + +- [한기용님 Airflow data-engineering-batch13](https://github.com/keeyong/data-engineering-batch13/blob/main/docs/Airflow%202%20Installation.md) +- [heumsi님 apache-airflow-tutorials-for-beginner](https://heumsi.github.io/apache-airflow-tutorials-for-beginner/) +- [BasPH님 data-pipelines-with-apache-airflow](https://github.com/BasPH/data-pipelines-with-apache-airflow) +- [kyokin78님 airflow](https://github.com/kyokin78/airflow) +- [tistory 블로그 - 까치의 일상노트](https://magpienote.tistory.com/225) + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/main_page.md b/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/main_page.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1cbce16 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/7_introduction_to_apache_airflow/main_page.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 7. Introduction to Apache Airflow + +- date : 2023-05-28 +- author + * [김성훈](https://github.com/) + * [이희민](https://github.com/sainthm) + +- 엮은이 + * [김예신](https://github.com/yesinkim) + * [이동욱](https://github.com/ehddnr301) + +- keyword + * Airflow + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/8.1_cloud_computing.md b/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/8.1_cloud_computing.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..658ca37 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/8.1_cloud_computing.md @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +# 8.1 Cloud Computing + +## 8.1.1. 클라우드 컴퓨팅의 역사와 진화 + + + +`Cloud?` 란 무엇일까요? iCloud, Google Drive (Google Photo) 등 일상생활 속에서 클라우드라는 용어를 많이 보셨을 것입니다. → “네트워크를 이용한 사용성의 극대화”라고 생각해보겠습니다. + +`Computing?` 컴퓨팅 자원 → FROM COMPUTER + + + +### 클라우드 컴퓨팅 역사(History) +- 가상화 (virtualization) + (1970~1980) IBM은 시스템/360와 시스템/370 메인프레임 시스템에 가상화 기능을 도입했습니다. 이로써 하나의 물리적 시스템을 여러 '가상' 시스템으로 분할하여 사용할 수 있게 되었습니다. + + +![1.2](./images/1.2.png) + +- 분산 컴퓨팅과 그리드 컴퓨팅 + + (1990 - 2000년대 초): 여러 컴퓨터를 네트워크로 연결하여 공동으로 문제를 해결하는 분산 컴퓨팅과 그리드 컴퓨팅이 발전했습니다. 이들 기술은 클라우드 컴퓨팅의 발전에 중요한 역할을 했습니다. + +- 웹 2.0 + + (2000년대 중반 - 현재) : 웹 2.0의 등장으로 사용자들이 동적인 콘텐츠를 생성하고 공유할 수 있게 되면서, 웹 기반 서비스가 대량의 데이터를 저장하고 처리하는 데 필요한 클라우드 기반 인프라에 의존하게 되었습니다. + + +Plus, 하드웨어의 발전 + +⇒ 가상화와 분산컴퓨팅(소프트웨어), 하드웨어의 발전, 네트워크의 발전, 마지막으로 대기업의 자본이 클라우드 컴퓨팅 “서비스”를 가능하게 만들었고, 수요가 있으니, 만들어 버렸습니다. + +- 클라우드 컴퓨팅 서비스의 등장 + + **(2000년대 후반 - 현재):** 2006년, 아마존웹서비스(AWS)가 Elastic Compute Cloud(EC2)를 론칭하면서 상용 클라우드 서비스가 시작되었습니다. 이후 구글, 마이크로소프트, IBM 등이 클라우드 서비스를 제공하기 시작하였습니다. + + +--- + +### 클라우드 컴퓨팅 등장 배경 (사용자 기준의 변화) + +![1.3](./images/1.3.png) + +`문제점` + +- 데이터 센터 땅값… +- 전기값… 쿨링… 유지보수 비용 +- 하드웨어 추가, 교체에 시간이 든다 +- Scaling이 힘들다.. +- 3교대 인건비? +- 재난 상황… (카카오 데이터센터) + +이러한 문제점들을 노리고 나온 것이 `Cloud Service` 입니다. + +- on-demand : 컴퓨팅 파워, 데이터 스토리지, 애플리케이션, 등등 필요한 것만 +- pay-as-you-go : 쓰는 만큼 내라 +- 컴퓨터 Scaling도 마음대로 +- 변경도 마음대로 +- 즉각적으로 변경되며 (껐다켰다 없다..) +- 관리는 HOST가.. + +![1.4](./images/1.4.png) + +--- + +## 8.1.2. 클라우드 배포 모델 + + + +![1.5](./images/1.5.png) + + + +![1.6](./images/1.6.png) + + + +![1.7](./images/1.7.png) + +--- + +## 8.1.3. 클라우드 서비스 모델 + +끝으로 다양한 클라우드 서비스 모델에 대해서 알아보도록 하겠습니다. + +![1.8](./images/1.8.png) + +![1.9](./images/1.9.png) + +### 1. Infrastructure as a Service (Iaas) +- 가장 기본적인 클라우드 서비스 +- 가상화된 컴퓨팅 리소스 제공 +- Iaas 사용자는 네트워크, 서버, 데이터 스토리지 등의 인프라를 직접 구성 및 관리, +- 하드웨어는 클라우드 공급 업체가 관리 + +→ 가상 머신, 서버, 스토리지, 네트워크, 로드 밸런서 + +→ Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2, Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Compute Engine, Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines. + +### 2. Platform as Service (PasS) +* Iaas에 비해 더 높은 수준의 추상화 제공 - 애플리케이션 코드와 데이터만 관리 +* 제공자는 운영체제, 미들웨어, 런타임 등의 인프라 관리 + +→ 개발 툴, 데이터베이스 관리, BI 서비스 + +→ Google App Engine, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Microsoft Azure App Service. + +### 3. Software as a Service (Saas) + +* 제공자는 소프트웨어 애플리케이션 제공, 소프트웨어와 하위 인프라 모두 관리 + +* 사용자는 소프트웨어 기능을 사용, 설정 관리 + +→ 이메일, 캘린더, CRM 툴, 업무 자동화 툴 + +→ Microsoft Office 365, Zoom + +다양한 클라우드 서비스 모델이 지금 당장 와닿지 않으실 수 있습니다. 각각의 모델별 특징에 대해서 한 번 이해하고 생각해보시면 좋을 것 같습니다(앞으로 자주 마주치게 될 서비스들입니다!) + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/8.2_data_engineering.md b/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/8.2_data_engineering.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d835085 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/8.2_data_engineering.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +# 8.2 Data Engineering + +### **데이터 아키텍쳐** + +![2.1](./images/2.1.png) + +> 필요한 데이터를 적절하게 저장, 처리, 분석할 수 있도록 아키텍쳐를 설계하고 구축 +> + +--- + +### **데이터 모델링** + +![2.2](./images/2.2.png) + +> 데이터가 어떻게 구조화, 연결, 처리될 지를 정의하는 과정 +일관성과 효율성을 보장 +> + +--- + +### 데이터 파이프라인 구축 + +![2.3](./images/2.3.png) + +> 데이터가 어떻게 수집, 변환, 저장되는지를 정의하는 프로세스 +> + +### 데이터 통합의 전략 (ETL vs ELT) + +- ETL vs ELT: ETL은 Extract, Transform, Load의 순서, ELT는 Extract, Load, Transform의 순서. + +![2.4](./images/2.4.png) + +→ ETL은 데이터를 원본에서 추출한 후, 변환(일반적으로 클렌징, 정규화, 비즈니스 규칙 적용 등)을 수행하고, 그 결과를 데이터 웨어하우스에 로드하는 과정입니다. 이 방식은 데이터 웨어하우스에 저장되는 데이터가 이미 정제되고 구조화되었기 때문에, 분석이나 보고를 빠르게 수행할 수 있습니다. + +→ ELT는 데이터를 먼저 원본에서 추출한 후, 데이터 웨어하우스에 로드하고, 그 다음에 변환을 수행하는 과정입니다. 이 방식은 원본 데이터를 빠르게 저장하고, 필요한 변환을 나중에 수행할 수 있으므로, 빅데이터 환경에서 유용하게 사용될 수 있습니다. + +### 데이터 처리 방식 (Batch vs Data Streaming) + +![2.5](./images/2.5.png) + +- 실시간 처리 vs 배치 처리 + +→ 실시간 처리: 데이터가 생성되자마자 즉시 처리하는 방식. 이 방식은 빠른 응답 시간이 필요하거나, 실시간 이벤트를 모니터링하거나 반응해야 하는 시나리오에 적합 + +→ 실시간 분석, 실시간 모니터링, 실시간 추천 시스템 + +→ 배치처리 : 일정 시간 동안 데이터를 수집한 후, 한번에 모아서 처리하는 방식입니다. 이 방식은 처리할 데이터의 크기가 크거나, 처리 시간이 길거나, 처리 주기가 정해져 있는 경우에 적합합니다. 예를 들어, 매일 밤 재고 데이터를 처리하거나, 월별 보고서를 생성하는 등의 작업에 사용됩니다. + +![2.6](./images/2.6.png) + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/8.3_cloud_computing_data_engineering.md b/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/8.3_cloud_computing_data_engineering.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c242de0 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/8.3_cloud_computing_data_engineering.md @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +# 8.3 클라우드 컴퓨팅에서의 데이터 엔지니어링과 프로세스들 + +![3.1](./images/3.1.png) + +![3.2](./images/3.2.png) + +![3.3](./images/3.3.png) + +![3.4](./images/3.4.png) + +> 무수한 서비스들 - 모든 서비스가 기존 on-prem에서 쓰던 서비스들과 매칭이 되며 +다시한번 강조하지만 “사용성” 만 늘려놓은 서비스들이다. +본인 혹은 회사 사정에 맞게, 비용과 사용성 등을 고려해서 필요하다면 학습해서 사용 +> + +1. 서비스의 다양한 곳에서 발생하는 정형/비정형 데이터를 수집하기 위한 배치/실시간 파이프라인 구축 및 운영 + + > 개발팀과 밀접하게 데이터 수집, 앞단의 업무를 하는 경우 + > + + → 웹, 앱 등의 클라이언트 환경, DB 혹은 서버같은 내부 백엔드 환경, 그리고 마케팅 툴을 사용한다면 Facebook Ad, Appsflyer 등등에서 발생하는 데이터들을 ETL/ELT + + → batch/streaming pipline을 구성하고 schema정의, ETL/ELT를 위해 분산 컴퓨팅 프레임워크 사용 (Spark, Presto,..) + + +1. 데이터레이크/데이터웨어하우스 등 전사 인원들의 원활한 데이터 분석을 위한 데이터 플랫폼 운영 + + > 데이터팀이 있는 회사에서 팀 서포트 + > + + → 클라우드를 쓰지 않는 환경에서는 Hadoop + ecosystem + + → 클라우드를 활용하는 환경에서는 AWS EMR, Athena, Glue, GCP BigQuery, Dataproc 등의 managed data service를 활용해서 플랫폼을 구축합니다. + + +!! S3 → Glue → Athena + +![3.5](./images/3.5.png) + +1. 대용량의 데이터 가공을 통해 실제 서비스 혹은 분석에 사용될 수 있는 데이터 마트 구축 + + > 분석가는 물론 데이터를 활용하는 타팀 혹은 고객을 위한 업무 + > + + → 전사 고객들이 핵심 데이터에 쉽고 빠르게 접근할 수 있어야 하기 때문에, 원천 데이터에서 다양한 추상화를 거쳐 주로 데이터 마트라고 부르는 가공 데이터를 만듭니다. + + +1. 데이터 기반 서비스 제공 및 서빙 + + > 데이터팀 규모가 너무 작거나, 너무 클 경우 → 배포 모니터링”까지” 하거나 “전담”하거나 + DataOps, MLOps의 영역 + > + + AB테스트, 추천 결과 서빙 + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/8.4_use_case_cloud_dataengineering.md b/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/8.4_use_case_cloud_dataengineering.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9075b49 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/8.4_use_case_cloud_dataengineering.md @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +# 8.4. **사례 학습 - 클라우드 컴퓨팅에서의 데이터 엔지니어링** +- 클라우드 기반의 데이터 파이프라인: 클라우드 서비스를 활용하여 데이터를 실시간으로 수집, 변환, 로드하는 과정을 설계. +- 클라우드의 데이터 저장 기술: AWS S3, Google Cloud Storage, Azure Blob Storage 등의 클라우드 기반 데이터 저장 기술. +- 클라우드의 데이터 처리 기술: AWS Glue, Google Dataflow, Azure Data Factory 등의 클라우드 기반 데이터 처리 기술. + + +## 8.4.1. 클라우드 기반 데이터 환경 사례 학습 + + +### 개요 + +- 비즈니스 의사결정을 위한 대시보드 파이프라인 + - 배치 파이프라인 +- 통합 분석 환경 + - 배치 파이프라인 + - 실시간 파이프라인 +- 추천 시스템 + - 실시간 데이터 파이프라인 + + +### 1) 비즈니스 의사결정을 위한 데이터 파이프라인(KPI) + + + +- 주요 KPI 선정 및 KPI 대시보드 개발 +- 데이터 시각화를 위한 파이프라인 + +![apache_superset](./images/9.3.1_example_apache_superset.png) + +출처: [Apache Superset](https://superset.apache.org/) + +![example elt pipeline](./images/9.3.1_example_elt_pipeline_with_dbt.png) + +출처: [Apache Superset: A hidden gem in the heaps of BI tools? – Part II.](https://blog.hiflylabs.hu/en/2021/07/13/superset2/) + +- `S3`: 원천 데이터(Raw Data) 저장 +- `Snowflake`: 중앙 저장소 +- `dbt`: 리포트에 사용될 데이터 변환작업 수행 + +> With dbt, data teams work directly within the warehouse to produce trusted datasets for reporting, ML modeling, and operational workflows. +> +- `Superset`: 데이터 시각화(리포트) + +![dbt diagram](./images/9.3.1_architecture_dbt.png) + +### 2) 통합 분석 환경 +- 통합 분석 환경 사례 + +#### 사례: **BigQuery로 데이터 중심의 업무 환경 구축** + +> **영상 메신저 서비스 ‘아자르’를 서비스하는 하이퍼커넥트는 데이터 분석을 위해 BigQuery를 도입했습니다. 기존에는 아파치 하둡 기반으로 운영하면서 인프라가 안정적으로 운영될 수 있도록 하는 업무가 많았습니다. 하지만 BigQuery를 도입한 이후로는 데이터 분석 그 자체에 집중할 수 있게 됐고, 성능도 비약적으로 향상됐습니다. 결과적으로 데이터 기반의 비즈니스 운영이라는 목표에 한 발짝 다가설 수 있었습니다. -출처: 구글 클라우드-** +> +- **데이터 인프라 운영보다 분석에 집중** +- **데이터 관리 체계 재정비** +- **관리형 서비스로 인프라 운영의 분리** +- **데이터 저장, 분석 전반의 비용 절감** + +### 데이터 분석에 집중할 수 있는 환경 + +- AS-IS + - 가상 머신 위에서 직접 데이터 플랫폼을 구축 및 운영 + - `문제점` + - 인프라 관리와 데이터 엔지니어링에 많은 시간 소요 + - 데이터가 늘어나고 분석 과제가 늘면서 인프라 및 유지보수의 부담감이 더욱 커짐 + - 비용 측면에서도 개발과 운영이 차지하는 비용이 크게 발생함 +- TO-BE + + > 데이터 그 자체(본질)에 집중하는 환경 구성 + > + - 구글 클라우드 `BigQuery` 사용(관리형 서비스) + - BigQuery는 자체적으로 데이터를 가공해서 쿼리와 분석 처리에 최적화된 형태로 데이터를 보관함 + - 성능 측면에서도 월등한 이점을 갖음 + - 서버와 앱에서 수집되는 데이터를 통합 관리 + - `Firebase + BigQuery` + - Firebase: 클라이언트 앱 데이터 + - BigQuery: 서비스 데이터와 클라이언트 데이터를 통합 관리 + +이하 자세한 내용은 [본문](https://cloud.google.com/customers/hyperconnect/?hl=ko)을 통해 살펴보실 수 있습니다 + +### 3) 추천 시스템 + +#### 사례: **BigQuery 및 Recommendation AI를 사용한 추천시스템** + +![gcp recommendation system architecture](./images/9.3.3_gcp_recommend_pipeline.png) + +출처: 29cm 기술블로그 + +> 1.Amplitude file이 GCS(Google Cloud Storage)에 적재되고, 매일 오전 7시마다 GCP Dataproc 에서 Spark를 통해 데이터를 가공하여 분석하기 용이한 형태로 BigQuery에 데이터 마팅을 진행합니다. + +2. Amplitude 데이터의 유사한 사용자 이벤트 속성끼리 테이블 마팅을 진행합니다. + +3. 마팅된 테이블로부터 Retail 서비스 학습 시 사용할 데이터 세트를 ML 프로젝트의 BigQuery로 적재합니다. + +4. DE 프로젝트의 Worker 인스턴스를 통해 ML 프로젝트의 Retail 서비스로 모델 학습 시 필요한 BigQuery 테이블을 import 시킵니다. + +5. Retail 서비스에서 모델 학습 후, 사용자에게 서빙을 제공하여 생성 후 모델을 평가합니다. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/8.5_multi_cloud_dataengineering.md b/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/8.5_multi_cloud_dataengineering.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d6a5c7c --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/8.5_multi_cloud_dataengineering.md @@ -0,0 +1,131 @@ +# 8.5. **멀티 클라우드 환경에서의 데이터 엔지니어링** +- 멀티 클라우드 데이터 파이프라인 설계: 여러 클라우드에서 데이터를 추출, 변환, 로드하는 전략, 각 클라우드의 특성과 서비스 고려 필요 +- 멀티 클라우드에서의 데이터 보안 관리: 각 클라우드의 데이터 보안 기능 활용, 데이터 암호화, 접근 제어, 보안 그룹 등 활용 +- 클라우드 간 데이터 이동 전략: 데이터 이전 전략 수립, 데이터 호환성 보장, 네트워크 비용 최소화 +- 멀티 클라우드 환경에서의 데이터 엔지니어링 사례 공유 + + +## 8.5.1. 멀티 클라우드 환경에서의 실시간 처리 파이프라인 예시 + +### 파이프라인 개요 +![멀티클라우드 환경에서의 데이터 파이프라인 개요](./images/9.4_multi_cloud_pipeline_overview.png) + +Amazon Aurora Database의 변경 내역을 캡쳐하고(CDC) 캡쳐한 데이터를 Kafka Cluster Topic으로 전송합니다. Kafka Cluster에 전송된 Topic을 도커 애플리케이션의 Kafka Consumer가 읽고 BigQuery API를 사용해 CDC Log Table에 저장합니다. 마지막으로 저장된 CDC Log Table의 데이터와 Final Table의 데이터를 Merge(Update+Insert)하여 원본 데이터와 대상 데이터가 일치하도록 맞춰줍니다. + +- 구성 + - 원천 데이터베이스(Source Database): Amazon Aurora + - 데이터 마이그레이션 서비스: Amazon DMS(Amazon Data Migration Service) + - 이벤트 스트리밍 플랫폼: MSK(Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka) + - 이벤트 컨슈머 애플리케이션: EC2 + Docker + - 데이터 웨어하우스(Target Database): Google BigQuery + +### `사전 지식(* Background Knowledge)` + +#### 실시간 처리란? +- `실시간 처리란?` + + [Week 6: Data Processing Frameworks II](https://www.notion.so/Week-6-Data-Processing-Frameworks-II-3797c2ae9c5c4ac28ecddbf6b166546e?pvs=21) + + + + > **스트림 프로세싱(Stream Processing)**: “in motion” 이동중인 데이터의 **실시간 혹은 준실시간(near-realtime) 처리**를 의미한다. 데이터를 수집해 한번에 처리 하는 배치 프로세싱(batch processing)과 다르게 스트림 프로세싱은 연속적인 데이터 스트림을 쿼리 및 분석하고 짧은 시간(밀리초) 안에 중요한 이벤트에 대응할 수 있다. + > + + ![How streaming processing work](./images/___.png) + + 출처: [https://www.techtarget.com/](https://www.techtarget.com/) + + + + ### Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka(Amazon MSK) + + Amazon MSK는 Apache Kafka를 사용하여 스트리밍 데이터를 처리하는 애플리케이션의 구축 및 실행을 간소화하는 완전관리형 서비스입니다. Apache Kafka는 `실시간 스트리밍 데이터 파이프라인` 및 `애플리케이션`을 구축하기 위한 오픈 소스 플랫폼입니다. Amazon MSK를 통해 네이티브 Apache Kafka API를 사용하여 데이터 레이크를 채우고, 데이터베이스와 변경 사항을 스트리밍 방식으로 주고받으며, 기계 학습 및 분석 애플리케이션을 지원할 수 있습니다. + + +#### CDC란? + +- `CDC(Change Data Capture)란?` + + + + > 원본 데이터 저장소에서 진행 중인 변경 사항을 캡처하는 AWS DMS 작업을 만들 수 있습니다. 데이터를 마이그레이션하는 동안에도 이 변경 사항을 캡처할 수 있습니다. 작업을 생성하여 지원된 대상 데이터 스토어로 초기(전체 로드) 마이그레이션을 완료한 후 지속적 변경 사항을 캡처할 수도 있습니다. 이 프로세스를 `진행 중인 복제` 또는 `변경 데이터 캡처(CDC)`라고 합니다. AWS DMS에서는 원본 데이터 스토어에서 지속적 변경 사항을 복제할 때 이 프로세스를 사용합니다. 이 프로세스는 데이터베이스 엔진의 기본 API를 사용하여 데이터베이스 로그에 대한 변경 사항을 수집합니다. + > + + +### Publication/Subscription이란? +* pub/sub 이란? + + ![explain pub/sub](./images/9.5_explain_pub_sub.png) + + > **`발행-구독 모델`**은 `비동기 메시징 패러다임`이다. 발행-구독 모델에서 발신자의 메시지는 특별한 수신자가 정해져 있지 않다. 대신 발행된 메시지는 정해진 범주에 따라, 각 범주에 대한 구독을 신청한 수신자에게 전달된다. 수신자는 발행자에 대한 지식이 없어도 원하는 메시지만을 수신할 수 있다. 이러한 발행자와 구독자의 디커플링은 더 다이나믹한 네트워크 토폴로지와 높은 확장성을 허용한다. -[wiki pedia](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%ED%96%89-%EA%B5%AC%EB%8F%85_%EB%AA%A8%EB%8D%B8)- + > + - `범주란?(A.K.A Topic)` + + > 위의 문장에서 "각 범주"는 메시지를 분류하기 위해 사용되는 `카테고리` 또는 `주제`를 말합니다. 발행-구독 모델에서, 메시지를 특정 주제 또는 관심 영역으로 구분할 수 있습니다. 이러한 주제 또는 관심 영역은 일반적으로 "`주제`" 또는 "`토픽`"이라고도 불리며, 발행된 메시지는 이러한 주제 또는 토픽에 대해 구독을 신청한 수신자에게 전달됩니다. + > + > + > 예를 들어, 소셜 미디어 플랫폼에서 사용자가 여러 주제에 대해 관심을 가질 수 있습니다. 사용자는 스포츠, 음악, 영화 등 다양한 주제에 대한 구독을 신청할 수 있습니다. 이때 각각의 주제는 "각 범주"에 해당합니다. 발행자는 메시지를 특정 주제에 따라 분류하고, 해당 주제에 대한 구독을 신청한 수신자들에게 메시지를 전달합니다. + > + > 이러한 구조를 통해 수신자는 발행자에 대한 지식이 없어도 원하는 주제 또는 관심 영역에 대한 메시지를 구독할 수 있으며, 발행자는 메시지를 발행한 후 어떤 수신자가 해당 메시지를 받을지에 대해 신경 쓰지 않아도 됩니다. 이로써 발행자와 구독자 간의 디커플링이 이루어져 더 다이나믹한 네트워크 토폴로지와 높은 확장성을 가능하게 합니다. + > + + > Pub/Sub는 메시지를 생성하는 서비스를 해당 메시지를 처리하는 서비스에서 분리하는 확장 가능한 비동기 메시징 서비스입니다. -[Google Cloud](https://cloud.google.com/pubsub/docs/overview?hl=ko)- + > + - Pub/Sub를 통해 서비스는 `비동기적`으로 100밀리초의 지연 시간으로 통신할 수 있습니다. + - Pub/Sub는 데이터를 수집하고 배포하는 `스트리밍 분석` 및 `데이터 통합 파이프라인`에 사용됩니다. 이는 서비스 통합을 위한 메시징 중심 미들웨어 또는 태스크 병렬화를 위한 큐로도 효과적입니다. + - Pub/Sub를 사용하면 **`게시자`** 및 **`구독자`**라는 이벤트 제작자 및 소비자 시스템을 만들 수 있습니다. 게시자는 동기식 리모트 프로시져 콜(RPC)이 아니라 이벤트를 브로드캐스트하여 구독자와 비동기적으로 통신합니다. + - 게시자는 이러한 이벤트가 처리되는 방식이나 시기에 관계없이 Pub/Sub 서비스에 이벤트를 보냅니다. 그런 다음 Pub/Sub는 이벤트에 응답하는 모든 서비스에 이벤트를 전송합니다. RPC를 통해 통신하는 시스템에서 게시자는 구독자가 데이터를 수신할 때까지 기다려야 합니다. 그러나 Pub/Sub에서 비동기 통합은 전반적인 시스템의 유연성과 견고성을 높여줍니다. + - `순차적 전달 vs 브로드캐스팅된 동시 전달` + 1. 순차적 전달 (Sequential Delivery): + - 이벤트가 발생하면 발생한 순서대로 하나씩 전달됩니다. + - 예를 들어, A, B, C라는 세 개의 구독자가 있을 때, 이벤트가 A에게 먼저 전달되고, A가 처리를 완료한 후에 B에게 전달되고, 다시 B가 처리를 완료한 후에 C에게 전달됩니다. + - 이벤트는 한 명의 구독자에게 전달될 때까지 기다려야 하므로 순차적 전달 방식은 처리 속도가 느릴 수 있습니다. + 2. 브로드캐스트된 동시 전달 (Broadcast Delivery): + - 이벤트가 발생하면 모든 구독자에게 동시에 전달됩니다. + - 예를 들어, A, B, C라는 세 개의 구독자가 있을 때, 이벤트가 발생하면 동시에 A, B, C에게 전달됩니다. + - 각각의 구독자는 독립적으로 이벤트를 처리할 수 있으며, 이벤트 발생 후에도 게시자는 다른 작업을 수행할 수 있습니다. + - 브로드캐스트된 동시 전달 방식은 처리 속도가 빠르며, 구독자들이 동시에 이벤트를 받기 때문에 동일한 정보를 공유하게 됩니다. + + Pub/Sub 모델은 브로드캐스트된 동시 전달 방식을 사용하여 이벤트를 구독자들에게 전달합니다. 이렇게 하면 구독자들은 각자의 속도로 이벤트를 처리할 수 있으며, 게시자는 이벤트를 발행한 후에 다른 작업을 수행할 수 있습니다. 이는 처리 속도와 동시성을 개선하며, 시스템의 유연성과 확장성을 높여줍니다. + + +### 파이프라인 톺아보기 + +![multi-cloud pipeline details](./images/9.4_multi_cloud_pipeline_detail.png) + + +### 파이프라인 활용 예시 + +![multi-cloud applied](./images/9.4_multicloud_applied.png) + + +### 멀티클라우드 환경에서의 네트워크 고려사항 + +![network consideration](./images/9.4_multicloud_consideration.png) + + +## Q. 좀 더 쉬운 방법은 없을까? + +![easy way](./images/other_way.png) + + +멀티클라우드간 실시간 데이터 전송을 쉽게 구성해주는 SaaS형 서비스도 존재합니다. 하지만 쉬운 방법이 지금 조직과 팀의 상황, 네트워크.보안 등을 고려하면 최적의 솔루션이 아닐 수도 있습니다. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/8.6_reference.md b/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/8.6_reference.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc63d59 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/8.6_reference.md @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +# `🗂️ 참고자료(Reference)` + +## 8.1. 클라우드 컴퓨팅 기본 개념 + +![Appendix Cloud Computing](./images/appendix_cloud_services.png) + +### 렌탈카 모델과 비교 +![Appendix Rental Car Model](./images/appendix_example_rental_car_onpremise_cloud.png) + +> 자동차로 비유하면 클라우드는 렌탈카와 유사하다고 할 수 있습니다 + + +1. 리소스 공유: 렌탈카는 여러 사람이 공유하여 사용할 수 있는 자동차입니다. 비슷하게, 클라우드는 여러 사용자가 가상화된 리소스를 공유하여 사용할 수 있습니다. 여러 조직이나 개인이 클라우드 서비스 제공업체를 통해 컴퓨팅 리소스를 공유하고 필요에 따라 사용할 수 있습니다. + +2. 유연성과 확장성: 렌탈카는 필요에 따라 유연하게 대여할 수 있는 자동차입니다. 비슷하게, 클라우드는 필요에 따라 컴퓨팅 리소스를 유연하게 조정하고 확장할 수 있습니다. 클라우드는 필요한 만큼의 리소스를 제공하고, 필요가 줄면 리소스를 줄일 수 있어서 비용과 성능을 최적화할 수 있습니다. + +3. 관리의 간소화: 렌탈카를 이용하면 자동차의 유지보수, 보험 등의 관리를 개인이 직접 신경쓰지 않아도 됩니다. 비슷하게, 클라우드는 사용자가 인프라의 관리와 유지보수에 대해 걱정할 필요가 없습니다. 클라우드 제공업체가 서버의 관리, 보안, 업그레이드 등을 처리해줍니다. + +4. 사용에 따른 비용 지불: 렌탈카는 사용한 만큼의 시간 또는 거리에 대해 비용을 지불합니다. 클라우드도 사용한 만큼의 컴퓨팅 리소스에 대해 비용을 지불하는 Pay-as-you-go 모델을 제공합니다. 필요한 만큼의 리소스를 사용하고, 사용하지 않을 때는 비용을 절약할 수 있습니다. + +### `클라우드 서비스` : + +- **컴퓨팅:** 워크로드를 처리하기 위한 두뇌 제공 +- **저장:** 데이터 저장 및 저장 +- **데이터베이스:** 보다 구조화된 데이터 세트 저장 + +### `클라우드 컴퓨팅 특성` : + +**1.가상화 -** 클라우드 컴퓨팅을 강화하는 기본 기술. + +- 가상화 + +가상화는 모든 최신 클라우드 환경의 핵심이며 아래에 표시된 클라우드 인프라입니다. 모든 클라우드에서 유연성, 탄력성, 관리 용이성 및 확장성을 제공하는 단위는 기본적으로 가상 머신이 제공하는 하드웨어 독립성과 이식성을 통해 가상 머신입니다. + +**2** . **비용-** 자원을 사용할 때만 비용을 지불하십시오. + +> 사용한 만큼 지불 +> +- 자본 비용 없음: 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어 구매, 현장 인프라 관리비용이 발생하지 않음 + +기업에 따라 클라우드 도입이 비용 효율적일 수 있습니다. 최상의 솔루션은 사용 사례에 따라 다릅니다. + +**3. 안정성 - 클라우드 컴퓨팅을 사용하과 동시에 안정성을 더할 수 있음** + +- 안정성 제공 + +환경에 안정성을 구축하려면 많은 비용이 소요될 수 있습니다. 일반적으로 여러 시스템 또는 여러 데이터 센터 위치를 포함합니다. DR(재해 복구) 및 연속성 계획과 시뮬레이션을 수행해야 합니다. 많은 클라우드 공급자가 이미 여러 위치를 설정했으므로 해당 서비스를 사용하면 즉시 환경에 안정성을 추가할 수 있습니다. 서비스에서 여러 위치를 사용하도록 요청해야 할 수도 있지만 최소한 선택 사항입니다. + +**4. 속도 -** 바로 사용할 수 있는 클라우드 리소스에 대한 즉각적인 액세스 + +- 주문형 리소스 +- 빠른 설정 시간 +- 몇 분 만에 서비스 배포 + +**5. 성능 *-*** 클라우드 시스템의 성능은 지속적으로 측정되고 모니터링됨 + +- 성능 모니터링 +- 일정 수준의 SLA 보장 + +성능이 특정 수준 아래로 떨어지면 시스템이 자동으로 조정되어 필요한 경우 더 많은 용량을 제공할 수 있습니다. 서비스 수준 계약(SLA)의 존재도 이점입니다. SLA는 일정 수준의 성능을 보장합니다. 해당 수준이 충족되지 않으면 서비스 제공자는 일반적으로 일정 수준의 배상을 충족해야 합니다. 이러한 배상은 대개 지불 거절 또는 수수료 감면의 형태로 이루어집니다. 따라서 성능 자체는 보장되지 않지만 성능 부족으로 인한 비용을 완화할 수 있다는 확신이 있을 수 있습니다. + +**6. 확장성 -** 필요할 때 리소스를 쉽게 추가 및 제거 + +- 확장성 +- 스케일 업 및 스케일 아웃 + +예:전자상거래 사이트 + +피크 시간 동안 더 많은 리소스가 필요합니다. 필요에 따라 리소스 확장가능합니다. + +**7. 민첩성 -** 클라우드 환경은 뛰어난 민첩성을 제공 + + 필요할 때 리소스를 쉽게 다시 적절하게 사용할 수 있습니다. 이를 통해 리소스가 필요한 시스템에 리소스를 추가하고 그렇지 않은 시스템에서 제거할 수 있습니다. 시스템을 쉽게 추가하여 용량을 확장할 수도 있습니다. 내부 클라우드 환경을 통해 내부 인프라 리소스를 더 잘 활용할 수 있습니다. 가상화를 사용하는 클라우드 인프라는 밀도와 인프라 활용률을 높이는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다. 결과적으로 시스템이 유휴 상태일 가능성이 줄어듭니다. + +**8. 보안 -** 데이터의 안전한 저장 및 관리 +

+ +### 8.3. **클라우드 컴퓨팅에서의 데이터 엔지니어링** + +#### 1) 비즈니스 의사결정을 위한 데이터 파이프라인(KPI) + +- Apache Superset +- dbt +- Apache Superset: A hidden gem… + +[Welcome | Superset](https://superset.apache.org/) + +[dbt - Transform data in your warehouse](https://www.getdbt.com/) + +[Apache Superset: A hidden gem in the heaps of BI tools? - Part II.](https://blog.hiflylabs.hu/en/2021/07/13/superset2/) + +#### 2.)통합 분석 환경 구축 + +- Google Cloud + +[Hyperconnect 우수사례  |  Google Cloud](https://cloud.google.com/customers/hyperconnect/?hl=ko) + +#### 3) 추천 시스템 + +- 29cm 기술블로그 + +[GCP Recommendations AI(Retail) 서비스를 활용한 추천 서비스 구축](https://medium.com/29cm/gcp-recommendations-ai-retail-서비스를-활용한-추천-서비스-구축-eb68a0cd5d97) + +## 8.4. 멀티 클라우드 환경 + +## 8.5. 멀티 클라우드 환경에서의 데이터 엔지니어링 + +![하이브리드 클라우드](./images/appendix_hybrid_computing.png) + +하이브리드 클라우드에 대한 직관적인 다이어그램 + +- [컬리의 BigQuery 도입기 - 1부](https://helloworld.kurly.com/blog/bigquery-1/) +- [컬리의 BigQuery 도입기 - 2부](https://helloworld.kurly.com/blog/bigquery-2/) +- [An intro to Cloud Computing for Data Scientists and Data Engineers](https://medium.com/analytics-vidhya/an-intro-to-cloud-computing-for-data-scientists-and-data-engineers-96d85b4852de) + +- AWS DMS를 사용하여 지속 복제를 위한 작업 생성 + +[AWS DMS를 사용하여 지속 복제를 위한 작업 생성 - AWS Database Migration Service](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ko_kr/dms/latest/userguide/CHAP_Task.CDC.html) + +- Definition: stream processing + +[What is Stream Processing? Introduction and Overview](https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatamanagement/definition/stream-processing) + +- Kafka Topic이란 + +[kafka강의2 | Topic이란? Pub/Sub 구조](https://pearlluck.tistory.com/289) + + +## 읽어보면 좋은 자료 +끝으로 함께 읽어보면 좋은 자료를 첨부하고 마치도록 하겠습니다 :) + +[아마존 레드시프트 vs 구글 빅쿼리 | 데이터웨어하우스 비교 | 클라우드 데이터 웨어하우스 | 스마일샤크](https://www.smileshark.kr/post/aws-redshift-vs-google-bigquery-data-warehouse-comparsion-analysis) + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/main_page.md b/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/main_page.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a6f248 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/main_page.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# 8. Cloud Computing and Data Enginnering + +- date : 2023-06-03 +- author + * [이민행](https://github.com/dbunk903) + * [이영전](https://github.com/Steve-YJ) +- keyword + * 클라우드 컴퓨팅 + * 가상화 + * 클라우드 배포 모델 + * 클라우드 서비스 모델 + * 데이터 아키텍쳐 + * 데이터 모델링 + * 데이터 파이프라인 구축 + * 데이터 처리 방식 + * 데이터 엔지니어링 프로세스 + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/markdown-example.md b/_sources/docs/markdown-example.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..573e35f --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/markdown-example.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +Jupyter Book은 markdown 문서를 지원합니다. + +아래와 같은 예시 코드를 입력하면 markdown 문법이 적용됩니다. + +``` +# This is an h1 tag +## This is an h2 tag +###### This is an h6 tag + +*This text will be italic* +_This will also be italic_ + +**This text will be bold** +__This will also be bold__ + +_You **can** combine them_ + +* Item 1 +* Item 2 + * Item 2a + * Item 2b + +1. Item 1 +1. Item 2 +1. Item 3 + 1. Item 3a + 1. Item 3b +``` + +입력 결과 + +# This is an h1 tag +## This is an h2 tag +###### This is an h6 tag + +*This text will be italic* +_This will also be italic_ + +**This text will be bold** +__This will also be bold__ + +_You **can** combine them_ + +* Item 1 +* Item 2 + * Item 2a + * Item 2b + +1. Item 1 +1. Item 2 +1. Item 3 + 1. Item 3a + 1. Item 3b \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/docs/notebook-example.ipynb b/_sources/docs/notebook-example.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e2da265 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/notebook-example.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# .ipynb 파일 활용" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Jupyter Book에선 .ipynb파일 또한 지원합니다. 아래와 같이 코드를 입력하고, 그에 대응하는 출력물을 함께 웹페이지로 구성 가능합니다. " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "text/plain": [ + "[]" + ] + }, + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "execute_result" + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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\n", + "text/plain": [ + "
" + ] + }, + "metadata": { + "needs_background": "light" + }, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "\n", + "plt.plot([3,1,2,1,3])" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "[공식 홈페이지](https://jupyterbook.org/interactive/interactive.html#plotly)를 참고하여 interactive한 시각화도 가능합니다. " + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 3", + "language": "python", + "name": "python3" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.8.5" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 4 +} diff --git a/_sources/docs/template_example.md b/_sources/docs/template_example.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff11120 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/template_example.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 0. Data Engineering + +- 작성자 : [전희선](https://github.com/heehehe) +- 업데이트 날짜 : 2023-05-27 +- Keyword : Data Engineer + +## 대제목 +(내용) + +### 소제목 +(내용) diff --git a/_sources/intro.md b/_sources/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a1b38fc --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +# DE4E: Data Engineering for Everybody + + + +

DE4E: Data Engineering for Everybody by Pseudo-Lab.

+ +
+Pseudo Lab +Data Camp Donates +Stars Badge +Forks Badge +Pull Requests Badge +Issues Badge +GitHub contributors +License Badge +Hits +
+
+

Loved the project? Please visit our Website

+
+ +> Welcome to our DE4E repository!
We aim to give you a complete understanding of data engineering, from fundamentals to advanced concepts. Whether you're new or experienced, our repository empowers data lovers with the knowledge and skills for success in the data-driven era. Join us on this exciting journey as we unlock the full potential of data engineering together! + +

DE4E: Data Engineering for Everybody

+ +[![Data Engineering for Everybody](../img/de4e_main.png)](https://pseudo-lab.github.io/data-engineering-for-everybody) + +

Acknowledgement 🙏

+ +>**DE4E: Data Engineering for Everybody**는 가짜연구소의 DSF 프로그램에서 시작되었습니다.
시작에 앞서 감사의 말씀을 전합니다. + +[가짜연구소](https://pseudo-lab.com/)는 DataCamp의 후원을 받아 Donates 프로그램을 진행하고 있습니다. 프로그램을 통해 구직자, 불완전 취업자, 비영리 연구 과학자, 학생분들께 DataCamp에서 제공하는 다양한 코스와 트랙을 제공합니다. 본 프로젝트는 DataCamp Donates 프로그램 중 하나인 [Data Science Fellowship](https://pseudo-lab.com/c9013228f63342b689a96e18c0db32c8)으로부터 시작되었습니다. + +DE4E는 데이터 분석가, 데이터 과학자, 데이터 엔지니어, 머신러닝 엔지니어가 함께 모여 데이터의, 데이터에 의한, 데이터를 위한 Data Engineering Repository를 만들어 나가고자 합니다. +

+ + + + + + + +

Contents

+ +* [Self-Check List](https://pseudo-lab.github.io/data-engineering-for-everybody/docs/0_checklist/list.html) +* [Session 1. Introduction to Data Engineering](https://pseudo-lab.github.io/data-engineering-for-everybody/docs/1_introduction_to_data_engineering/main_page.html) +* [Session 2. Data Sources and Data Collection](https://pseudo-lab.github.io/data-engineering-for-everybody/docs/2_data_source_and_data_collection/template_main_page.html) +* [Session 3. Data Transformation and Cleaning](https://pseudo-lab.github.io/data-engineering-for-everybody/docs/3_data_transformation_and_cleaning/template_main_page.html) +* [Session 4. Data Storage](https://pseudo-lab.github.io/data-engineering-for-everybody/docs/4_data_storage/main_page.html) +* [Session 5. Data Processing Frameworks](https://pseudo-lab.github.io/data-engineering-for-everybody/docs/5_data_processing_frameworks_1/main_page.html) +* [Session 6. Data Processing Frameworks II](https://pseudo-lab.github.io/data-engineering-for-everybody/docs/6_data_processing_frameworks_2/template_main_page.html) +* [Session 7. Introduction to Apache Airflow]() +* [Session 8. Cloud Computing and Data Engineering](https://pseudo-lab.github.io/data-engineering-for-everybody/docs/8_cloud_computing_and_data_engineering/main_page.html) +* [Capstone Project(In Progress)]() +

+ +

Schedule

+ +| idx | Date | Subject | Presenter | Pre-Question | Tag | +|----:|:-----------|:-----------------------------|:---------------|:---------------------- |:----------------------------| +| 0 | 2023-03-26 |[Session 0. Orientation ](url) | [이영전](https://github.com/Steve-YJ)| Why should we learn Data Engineering? | #OT #Direction # Motivation | +| 1 | 2023-04-02 |[Session 1. Introduction to Data Engineering ](url) | [이영전](https://github.com/Steve-YJ)| What is Data Engineering? | #Data Engineering #Discussion | +| 2 | 2023-04-09 |[Session 2. Data Sources and Data Collection](url) | [이동욱](https://github.com/ehddnr301), [김세현](https://github.com/sehyun-seankim)| How can we collect data from variaty sources? | #Source Data #Data Collection #Data Type #Structured Data #Unstructured Data #Batch Data #Real-time Data | +| 3 | 2023-04-16 |[Session 3. Data Transformation and Cleaning](url) | [이영전](https://github.com/Steve-YJ)| How can we transform data more efficiently? | #Data Processing | +| 4 | 2023-04-30 |[Session 4. Data Storage](url) | [송윤호](https://github.com/dbsgh3344), [전희선](https://github.com/heehehe)| How can we store data more efficiently? | #Data Store #Database #Data Lake #Lakehouse #Object-Storage #NoSQL | +| 5 | 2023-05-07 |[Session 5. Data Processing Frameworks](url) | [정경륜](https://github.com/ryuni-dev), [이화림](https://github.com/HWALIMLEE)| How data processing framework help us? | #Hadoop Eco-system #Parallel Computing | +| 6 | 2023-05-14 |[Session 6. Data Processing Frameworks II](url) | [김예신](https://github.com/yesinkim), [최한승](https://github.com/Henry-choi426)| Learn about various data processing framework | #Apache Spark #Apache Kafka #Apache Storm #Apache Flink | +| 7 | 2023-05-28 |[Session 7. Introduction to Apache Airflow](url) | [김성훈](https://github.com/tjdgns327), [이희민](https://github.com/sainthm) | How can we schedule, orchestrate data processing? | #Apache Airflow #Tutorial | +| 8 | 2023-06-04 |[Session 8. Cloud Computing and Data Engineering](url) | [이민행](https://github.com/PacoLee33), [이영전](https://github.com/Steve-YJ)| What is Cloud Computing? and Why it is so important? | #Cloud Computing #Multi-Cloud #Data Engineering | +| 9 | 2023-06-18 |[Capstone Project](url) | [이화림](https://github.com/HWALIMLEE)| Let's dive into Data Engineering Capstone Proeject | #Capstone Project | +| 10 | 2023-07-09 - |[Project Management](url) | [이영전](https://github.com/Steve-YJ), [전희선](https://github.com/heehehe), [정경륜](https://github.com/ryuni-dev), [이동욱](https://github.com/ehddnr301), [김예신](https://github.com/yesinkim) | Build Together! | #Share #Motivation #Delighted to work together #Pseudo-Lab | + +

Contributors 😃

+ + + + +

+ +

About us 👋🏼

+ +[가짜연구소](https://pseudo-lab.com/)는 머신러닝, 데이터 사이언스, 데이터 엔지니어링을 중심으로 모인 비영리단체입니다. 누구나 원하는 연구를 할 수 있는 시작점이 되는, 진짜보다 더 진짜 같은 연구소를 꿈꾸고 있습니다. 공유(Share), 동기부여(Motivation), 함께하는 즐거움(Delighted to work together)라는 핵심가치를 추구하며 약 1800여 명의 연구원분들이 오늘도 함께 머신러닝, 데이터 사이언스, 데이터 엔지니어링 분야에 선한 영향력을 행사하고 있습니다. 보다 자세한 내용은 [여기](https://pseudo-lab.com/)서 살펴보실 수 있습니다. +

+ +

License 🗞

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https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/decodeURIComponent#Decoding_query_parameters_from_a_URL + */ +jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { + if (!x) { + return x + } + return decodeURIComponent(x.replace(/\+/g, ' ')); +}; + +/** + * small helper function to urlencode strings + */ +jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + +/** + * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the + * current request. Multiple values per key are supported, + * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. + */ +jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { + if (typeof s === 'undefined') + s = document.location.search; + var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); + var result = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { + var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); + var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); + var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); + if (key in result) + result[key].push(value); + else + result[key] = [value]; + } + return result; +}; + +/** + * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { + function highlight(node, addItems) { + if (node.nodeType === 3) { + var val = node.nodeValue; + var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if (pos >= 0 && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className) && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass("nohighlight")) { + var span; + var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.className = className; + } + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling)); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + if (isInSVG) { + var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); + var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute('class', className); + addItems.push({ + "parent": node.parentNode, + "target": rect}); + } + } + } + else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { + jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + } + } + var addItems = []; + var result = this.each(function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { + jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); + } + return result; +}; + +/* + * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser + * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. + */ +if (!jQuery.browser) { + jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { + ua = ua.toLowerCase(); + + var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; +} diff --git a/_static/basic.css b/_static/basic.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e364ed --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/basic.css @@ -0,0 +1,930 @@ +/* + * basic.css + * ~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2022 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.clearer { + clear: both; +} + +div.section::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: left; +} + +/* -- relbar ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.related { + width: 100%; + font-size: 90%; +} + +div.related h3 { + display: none; +} + +div.related ul { + margin: 0; + padding: 0 0 0 10px; + list-style: none; +} + +div.related li { + display: inline; +} + +div.related li.right { + float: right; + margin-right: 5px; +} + +/* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sphinxsidebarwrapper { + padding: 10px 5px 0 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { + float: left; + width: 270px; + margin-left: -100%; + font-size: 90%; + word-wrap: break-word; + overflow-wrap : break-word; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul { + list-style: none; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul, +div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points { + margin-left: 20px; + list-style: square; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar form { + margin-top: 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar input { + border: 1px solid #98dbcc; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 1em; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox form.search { + overflow: hidden; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="text"] { + float: left; + width: 80%; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="submit"] { + float: left; + width: 20%; + border-left: none; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + + +img { + border: 0; + max-width: 100%; +} + +/* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +ul.search { + margin: 10px 0 0 20px; + padding: 0; +} + +ul.search li { + padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; + background-image: url(file.png); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-position: 0 7px; +} + +ul.search li a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +ul.search li p.context { + color: #888; + margin: 2px 0 0 30px; + text-align: left; +} + +ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */ + +table.contentstable { + width: 90%; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.contentstable p.biglink { + line-height: 150%; +} + +a.biglink { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +span.linkdescr { + font-style: italic; + padding-top: 5px; + font-size: 90%; +} + +/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.indextable { + width: 100%; +} + +table.indextable td { + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; +} + +table.indextable ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + list-style-type: none; +} + +table.indextable > tbody > tr > td > ul { + padding-left: 0em; +} + +table.indextable tr.pcap { + height: 10px; +} + +table.indextable tr.cap { + margin-top: 10px; + background-color: #f2f2f2; +} + +img.toggler { + margin-right: 3px; + margin-top: 3px; + cursor: pointer; +} + +div.modindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +div.genindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +/* -- domain module index --------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.modindextable td { + padding: 2px; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.body { + min-width: 360px; + max-width: 800px; +} + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote { + -moz-hyphens: auto; + -ms-hyphens: auto; + -webkit-hyphens: auto; + hyphens: auto; +} + +a.headerlink { + visibility: hidden; +} + +h1:hover > a.headerlink, +h2:hover > a.headerlink, +h3:hover > a.headerlink, +h4:hover > a.headerlink, +h5:hover > a.headerlink, +h6:hover > a.headerlink, +dt:hover > a.headerlink, +caption:hover > a.headerlink, +p.caption:hover > a.headerlink, +div.code-block-caption:hover > a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +div.body p.caption { + text-align: inherit; +} + +div.body td { + text-align: left; +} + +.first { + margin-top: 0 !important; +} + +p.rubric { + margin-top: 30px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +img.align-left, figure.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left { + clear: left; + float: left; + margin-right: 1em; +} + +img.align-right, figure.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right { + clear: right; + float: right; + margin-left: 1em; +} + +img.align-center, figure.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +img.align-default, figure.align-default, .figure.align-default { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +.align-left { + text-align: left; +} + +.align-center { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-default { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-right { + text-align: right; +} + +/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar, +aside.sidebar { + margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; + border: 1px solid #ddb; + padding: 7px; + background-color: #ffe; + width: 40%; + float: right; + clear: right; + overflow-x: auto; +} + +p.sidebar-title { + font-weight: bold; +} +nav.contents, +aside.topic, + +div.admonition, div.topic, blockquote { + clear: left; +} + +/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ +nav.contents, +aside.topic, + +div.topic { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 7px; + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; +} + +p.topic-title { + font-size: 1.1em; + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 10px; +} + +/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.admonition { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + padding: 7px; +} + +div.admonition dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +p.admonition-title { + margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.body p.centered { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 25px; +} + +/* -- content of sidebars/topics/admonitions -------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar > :last-child, +aside.sidebar > :last-child, +nav.contents > :last-child, +aside.topic > :last-child, + +div.topic > :last-child, +div.admonition > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sidebar::after, +aside.sidebar::after, +nav.contents::after, +aside.topic::after, + +div.topic::after, +div.admonition::after, +blockquote::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: both; +} + +/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.docutils { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + border: 0; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +table.align-center { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.align-default { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table caption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +table caption span.caption-text { +} + +table.docutils td, table.docutils th { + padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px; + border-top: 0; + border-left: 0; + border-right: 0; + border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; +} + +th { + text-align: left; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +table.citation { + border-left: solid 1px gray; + margin-left: 1px; +} + +table.citation td { + border-bottom: none; +} + +th > :first-child, +td > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +th > :last-child, +td > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +/* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.figure, figure { + margin: 0.5em; + padding: 0.5em; +} + +div.figure p.caption, figcaption { + padding: 0.3em; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-number, +figcaption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-text, +figcaption span.caption-text { +} + +/* -- field list styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.field-list td, table.field-list th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +.field-list ul { + margin: 0; + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.field-list p { + margin: 0; +} + +.field-name { + -moz-hyphens: manual; + -ms-hyphens: manual; + -webkit-hyphens: manual; + hyphens: manual; +} + +/* -- hlist styles ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.hlist { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +table.hlist td { + vertical-align: top; +} + +/* -- object description styles --------------------------------------------- */ + +.sig { + font-family: 'Consolas', 'Menlo', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; +} + +.sig-name, code.descname { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +.sig-name { + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +code.descname { + font-size: 1.2em; +} + +.sig-prename, code.descclassname { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.optional { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +.sig-paren { + font-size: larger; +} + +.sig-param.n { + font-style: italic; +} + +/* C++ specific styling */ + +.sig-inline.c-texpr, +.sig-inline.cpp-texpr { + font-family: unset; +} + +.sig.c .k, .sig.c .kt, +.sig.cpp .k, .sig.cpp .kt { + color: #0033B3; +} + +.sig.c .m, +.sig.cpp .m { + color: #1750EB; +} + +.sig.c .s, .sig.c .sc, +.sig.cpp .s, .sig.cpp .sc { + color: #067D17; +} + + +/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +ol.arabic { + list-style: decimal; +} + +ol.loweralpha { + list-style: lower-alpha; +} + +ol.upperalpha { + list-style: upper-alpha; +} + +ol.lowerroman { + list-style: lower-roman; +} + +ol.upperroman { + list-style: upper-roman; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:first-child > :first-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:first-child > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:last-child > :last-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +ol.simple ol p, +ol.simple ul p, +ul.simple ol p, +ul.simple ul p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p, +ul.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple p, +ul.simple p { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +/* Docutils 0.17 and older (footnotes & citations) */ +dl.footnote > dt, +dl.citation > dt { + float: left; + margin-right: 0.5em; +} + +dl.footnote > dd, +dl.citation > dd { + margin-bottom: 0em; +} + +dl.footnote > dd:after, +dl.citation > dd:after { + content: ""; + clear: both; +} + +/* Docutils 0.18+ (footnotes & citations) */ +aside.footnote > span, +div.citation > span { + float: left; +} +aside.footnote > span:last-of-type, +div.citation > span:last-of-type { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} +aside.footnote > p { + margin-left: 2em; +} +div.citation > p { + margin-left: 4em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type, +div.citation > p:last-of-type { + margin-bottom: 0em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type:after, +div.citation > p:last-of-type:after { + content: ""; + clear: both; +} + +/* Footnotes & citations ends */ + +dl.field-list { + display: grid; + grid-template-columns: fit-content(30%) auto; +} + +dl.field-list > dt { + font-weight: bold; + word-break: break-word; + padding-left: 0.5em; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +dl.field-list > dt:after { + content: ":"; +} + +dl.field-list > dd { + padding-left: 0.5em; + margin-top: 0em; + margin-left: 0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; +} + +dl { + margin-bottom: 15px; +} + +dd > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +dd ul, dd table { + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 3px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-left: 30px; +} + +dl > dd:last-child, +dl > dd:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +dt:target, span.highlighted { + background-color: #fbe54e; +} + +rect.highlighted { + fill: #fbe54e; +} + +dl.glossary dt { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +.versionmodified { + font-style: italic; +} + +.system-message { + background-color: #fda; + padding: 5px; + border: 3px solid red; +} + +.footnote:target { + background-color: #ffa; +} + +.line-block { + display: block; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; +} + +.line-block .line-block { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-left: 1.5em; +} + +.guilabel, .menuselection { + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +.accelerator { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +.classifier { + font-style: oblique; +} + +.classifier:before { + font-style: normal; + margin: 0 0.5em; + content: ":"; + display: inline-block; +} + +abbr, acronym { + border-bottom: dotted 1px; + cursor: help; +} + +/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +pre { + overflow: auto; + overflow-y: hidden; /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */ +} + +pre, div[class*="highlight-"] { + clear: both; +} + +span.pre { + -moz-hyphens: none; + -ms-hyphens: none; + -webkit-hyphens: none; + hyphens: none; + white-space: nowrap; +} + +div[class*="highlight-"] { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +td.linenos pre { + border: 0; + background-color: transparent; + color: #aaa; +} + +table.highlighttable { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tbody { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tr { + display: flex; +} + +table.highlighttable td { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} + +table.highlighttable td.code { + flex: 1; + overflow: hidden; +} + +.highlight .hll { + display: block; +} + +div.highlight pre, +table.highlighttable pre { + margin: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption + div { + margin-top: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption { + margin-top: 1em; + padding: 2px 5px; + font-size: small; +} + +div.code-block-caption code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos, +span.linenos, +div.highlight span.gp { /* gp: Generic.Prompt */ + user-select: none; + -webkit-user-select: text; /* Safari fallback only */ + -webkit-user-select: none; /* Chrome/Safari */ + -moz-user-select: none; /* Firefox */ + -ms-user-select: none; /* IE10+ */ +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-number { + padding: 0.1em 0.3em; + font-style: italic; +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-text { +} + +div.literal-block-wrapper { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +code.xref, a code { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.viewcode-link { + float: right; +} + +.viewcode-back { + float: right; + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +div.viewcode-block:target { + margin: -1px -10px; + padding: 0 10px; +} + +/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +img.math { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +div.body div.math p { + text-align: center; +} + +span.eqno { + float: right; +} + +span.eqno a.headerlink { + position: absolute; + z-index: 1; +} + +div.math:hover a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */ + +@media print { + div.document, + div.documentwrapper, + div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 !important; + width: 100%; + } + + div.sphinxsidebar, + div.related, + div.footer, + #top-link { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/check-solid.svg b/_static/check-solid.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92fad4b --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/check-solid.svg @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + + + diff --git a/_static/clipboard.min.js b/_static/clipboard.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54b3c46 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/clipboard.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +/*! + * clipboard.js v2.0.8 + * https://clipboardjs.com/ + * + * Licensed MIT © Zeno Rocha + */ +!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],e):"object"==typeof exports?exports.ClipboardJS=e():t.ClipboardJS=e()}(this,function(){return n={686:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{default:function(){return o}});var e=n(279),i=n.n(e),e=n(370),u=n.n(e),e=n(817),c=n.n(e);function a(t){try{return document.execCommand(t)}catch(t){return}}var f=function(t){t=c()(t);return a("cut"),t};var l=function(t){var e,n,o,r=1 + + + + diff --git a/_static/copybutton.css b/_static/copybutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f1916ec --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/copybutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +/* Copy buttons */ +button.copybtn { + position: absolute; + display: flex; + top: .3em; + right: .3em; + width: 1.7em; + height: 1.7em; + opacity: 0; + transition: opacity 0.3s, border .3s, background-color .3s; + user-select: none; + padding: 0; + border: none; + outline: none; + border-radius: 0.4em; + /* The colors that GitHub uses */ + border: #1b1f2426 1px solid; + background-color: #f6f8fa; + color: #57606a; +} + +button.copybtn.success { + border-color: #22863a; + color: #22863a; +} + +button.copybtn svg { + stroke: currentColor; + width: 1.5em; + height: 1.5em; + padding: 0.1em; +} + +div.highlight { + position: relative; +} + +/* Show the copybutton */ +.highlight:hover button.copybtn, button.copybtn.success { + opacity: 1; +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:hover { + background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235); +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:active { + background-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); +} + +/** + * A minimal CSS-only tooltip copied from: + * https://codepen.io/mildrenben/pen/rVBrpK + * + * To use, write HTML like the following: + * + *

Short

+ */ + .o-tooltip--left { + position: relative; + } + + .o-tooltip--left:after { + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + content: attr(data-tooltip); + padding: .2em; + font-size: .8em; + left: -.2em; + background: grey; + color: white; + white-space: nowrap; + z-index: 2; + border-radius: 2px; + transform: translateX(-102%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); +} + +.o-tooltip--left:hover:after { + display: block; + opacity: 1; + visibility: visible; + transform: translateX(-100%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); + transition-delay: .5s; +} + +/* By default the copy button shouldn't show up when printing a page */ +@media print { + button.copybtn { + display: none; + } +} diff --git a/_static/copybutton.js b/_static/copybutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ea7ff3 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/copybutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ +// Localization support +const messages = { + 'en': { + 'copy': 'Copy', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copy to clipboard', + 'copy_success': 'Copied!', + 'copy_failure': 'Failed to copy', + }, + 'es' : { + 'copy': 'Copiar', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiar al portapapeles', + 'copy_success': '¡Copiado!', + 'copy_failure': 'Error al copiar', + }, + 'de' : { + 'copy': 'Kopieren', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'In die Zwischenablage kopieren', + 'copy_success': 'Kopiert!', + 'copy_failure': 'Fehler beim Kopieren', + }, + 'fr' : { + 'copy': 'Copier', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copier dans le presse-papier', + 'copy_success': 'Copié !', + 'copy_failure': 'Échec de la copie', + }, + 'ru': { + 'copy': 'Скопировать', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Скопировать в буфер', + 'copy_success': 'Скопировано!', + 'copy_failure': 'Не удалось скопировать', + }, + 'zh-CN': { + 'copy': '复制', + 'copy_to_clipboard': '复制到剪贴板', + 'copy_success': '复制成功!', + 'copy_failure': '复制失败', + }, + 'it' : { + 'copy': 'Copiare', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiato negli appunti', + 'copy_success': 'Copiato!', + 'copy_failure': 'Errore durante la copia', + } +} + +let locale = 'en' +if( document.documentElement.lang !== undefined + && messages[document.documentElement.lang] !== undefined ) { + locale = document.documentElement.lang +} + +let doc_url_root = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT; +if (doc_url_root == '#') { + doc_url_root = ''; +} + +/** + * SVG files for our copy buttons + */ +let iconCheck = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_success']} + + +` + +// If the user specified their own SVG use that, otherwise use the default +let iconCopy = ``; +if (!iconCopy) { + iconCopy = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_to_clipboard']} + + + +` +} + +/** + * Set up copy/paste for code blocks + */ + +const runWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} + +const codeCellId = index => `codecell${index}` + +// Clears selected text since ClipboardJS will select the text when copying +const clearSelection = () => { + if (window.getSelection) { + window.getSelection().removeAllRanges() + } else if (document.selection) { + document.selection.empty() + } +} + +// Changes tooltip text for a moment, then changes it back +// We want the timeout of our `success` class to be a bit shorter than the +// tooltip and icon change, so that we can hide the icon before changing back. +var timeoutIcon = 2000; +var timeoutSuccessClass = 1500; + +const temporarilyChangeTooltip = (el, oldText, newText) => { + el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', newText) + el.classList.add('success') + // Remove success a little bit sooner than we change the tooltip + // So that we can use CSS to hide the copybutton first + setTimeout(() => el.classList.remove('success'), timeoutSuccessClass) + setTimeout(() => el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', oldText), timeoutIcon) +} + +// Changes the copy button icon for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeIcon = (el) => { + el.innerHTML = iconCheck; + setTimeout(() => {el.innerHTML = iconCopy}, timeoutIcon) +} + +const addCopyButtonToCodeCells = () => { + // If ClipboardJS hasn't loaded, wait a bit and try again. This + // happens because we load ClipboardJS asynchronously. + if (window.ClipboardJS === undefined) { + setTimeout(addCopyButtonToCodeCells, 250) + return + } + + // Add copybuttons to all of our code cells + const COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR = 'div.highlight pre'; + const codeCells = document.querySelectorAll(COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR) + codeCells.forEach((codeCell, index) => { + const id = codeCellId(index) + codeCell.setAttribute('id', id) + + const clipboardButton = id => + `` + codeCell.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', clipboardButton(id)) + }) + +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} + + +var copyTargetText = (trigger) => { + var target = document.querySelector(trigger.attributes['data-clipboard-target'].value); + + // get filtered text + let exclude = '.linenos'; + + let text = filterText(target, exclude); + return formatCopyText(text, '', false, true, true, true, '', '') +} + + // Initialize with a callback so we can modify the text before copy + const clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.copybtn', {text: copyTargetText}) + + // Update UI with error/success messages + clipboard.on('success', event => { + clearSelection() + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_success']) + temporarilyChangeIcon(event.trigger) + }) + + clipboard.on('error', event => { + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_failure']) + }) +} + +runWhenDOMLoaded(addCopyButtonToCodeCells) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/copybutton_funcs.js b/_static/copybutton_funcs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbe1aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/copybutton_funcs.js @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +export function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +export function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} diff --git a/_static/design-style.4045f2051d55cab465a707391d5b2007.min.css b/_static/design-style.4045f2051d55cab465a707391d5b2007.min.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3225661 --- /dev/null +++ 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var(--sd-color-tabs-overline),0 .0625rem var(--sd-color-tabs-underline);display:none;order:99;padding-bottom:.75rem;padding-top:.75rem;width:100%}.sd-tab-content>:first-child{margin-top:0 !important}.sd-tab-content>:last-child{margin-bottom:0 !important}.sd-tab-content>.sd-tab-set{margin:0}.sd-sphinx-override,.sd-sphinx-override *{-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.sd-sphinx-override p{margin-top:0}:root{--sd-color-primary: #007bff;--sd-color-secondary: #6c757d;--sd-color-success: #28a745;--sd-color-info: #17a2b8;--sd-color-warning: #f0b37e;--sd-color-danger: #dc3545;--sd-color-light: #f8f9fa;--sd-color-muted: #6c757d;--sd-color-dark: #212529;--sd-color-black: black;--sd-color-white: white;--sd-color-primary-highlight: #0069d9;--sd-color-secondary-highlight: #5c636a;--sd-color-success-highlight: #228e3b;--sd-color-info-highlight: #148a9c;--sd-color-warning-highlight: #cc986b;--sd-color-danger-highlight: #bb2d3b;--sd-color-light-highlight: #d3d4d5;--sd-color-muted-highlight: #5c636a;--sd-color-dark-highlight: #1c1f23;--sd-color-black-highlight: black;--sd-color-white-highlight: #d9d9d9;--sd-color-primary-text: #fff;--sd-color-secondary-text: #fff;--sd-color-success-text: #fff;--sd-color-info-text: #fff;--sd-color-warning-text: #212529;--sd-color-danger-text: #fff;--sd-color-light-text: #212529;--sd-color-muted-text: #fff;--sd-color-dark-text: #fff;--sd-color-black-text: #fff;--sd-color-white-text: #212529;--sd-color-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);--sd-color-card-border: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125);--sd-color-card-border-hover: hsla(231, 99%, 66%, 1);--sd-color-card-background: transparent;--sd-color-card-text: inherit;--sd-color-card-header: transparent;--sd-color-card-footer: transparent;--sd-color-tabs-label-active: hsla(231, 99%, 66%, 1);--sd-color-tabs-label-hover: hsla(231, 99%, 66%, 1);--sd-color-tabs-label-inactive: hsl(0, 0%, 66%);--sd-color-tabs-underline-active: hsla(231, 99%, 66%, 1);--sd-color-tabs-underline-hover: rgba(178, 206, 245, 0.62);--sd-color-tabs-underline-inactive: transparent;--sd-color-tabs-overline: rgb(222, 222, 222);--sd-color-tabs-underline: rgb(222, 222, 222);--sd-fontsize-tabs-label: 1rem} diff --git a/_static/design-tabs.js b/_static/design-tabs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..36b38cf --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/design-tabs.js @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +var sd_labels_by_text = {}; + +function ready() { + const li = document.getElementsByClassName("sd-tab-label"); + for (const label of li) { + syncId = label.getAttribute("data-sync-id"); + if (syncId) { + label.onclick = onLabelClick; + if (!sd_labels_by_text[syncId]) { + sd_labels_by_text[syncId] = []; + } + sd_labels_by_text[syncId].push(label); + } + } +} + +function onLabelClick() { + // Activate other inputs with the same sync id. + syncId = this.getAttribute("data-sync-id"); + for (label of sd_labels_by_text[syncId]) { + if (label === this) continue; + label.previousElementSibling.checked = true; + } + window.localStorage.setItem("sphinx-design-last-tab", syncId); +} + +document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", ready, false); diff --git a/_static/doctools.js b/_static/doctools.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c3db08d --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/doctools.js @@ -0,0 +1,264 @@ +/* + * doctools.js + * ~~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Base JavaScript utilities for all Sphinx HTML documentation. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2022 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ +"use strict"; + +const _ready = (callback) => { + if (document.readyState !== "loading") { + callback(); + } else { + document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", callback); + } +}; + +/** + * highlight a given string on a node by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +const _highlight = (node, addItems, text, className) => { + if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) { + const val = node.nodeValue; + const parent = node.parentNode; + const pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if ( + pos >= 0 && + !parent.classList.contains(className) && + !parent.classList.contains("nohighlight") + ) { + let span; + + const closestNode = parent.closest("body, svg, foreignObject"); + const isInSVG = closestNode && closestNode.matches("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.classList.add(className); + } + + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + parent.insertBefore( + span, + parent.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling + ) + ); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + + if (isInSVG) { + const rect = document.createElementNS( + "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", + "rect" + ); + const bbox = parent.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute("class", className); + addItems.push({ parent: parent, target: rect }); + } + } + } else if (node.matches && !node.matches("button, select, textarea")) { + node.childNodes.forEach((el) => _highlight(el, addItems, text, className)); + } +}; +const _highlightText = (thisNode, text, className) => { + let addItems = []; + _highlight(thisNode, addItems, text, className); + addItems.forEach((obj) => + obj.parent.insertAdjacentElement("beforebegin", obj.target) + ); +}; + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +const Documentation = { + init: () => { + Documentation.highlightSearchWords(); + Documentation.initDomainIndexTable(); + Documentation.initOnKeyListeners(); + }, + + /** + * i18n support + */ + TRANSLATIONS: {}, + PLURAL_EXPR: (n) => (n === 1 ? 0 : 1), + LOCALE: "unknown", + + // gettext and ngettext don't access this so that the functions + // can safely bound to a different name (_ = Documentation.gettext) + gettext: (string) => { + const translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string]; + switch (typeof translated) { + case "undefined": + return string; // no translation + case "string": + return translated; // translation exists + default: + return translated[0]; // (singular, plural) translation tuple exists + } + }, + + ngettext: (singular, plural, n) => { + const translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular]; + if (typeof translated !== "undefined") + return translated[Documentation.PLURAL_EXPR(n)]; + return n === 1 ? singular : plural; + }, + + addTranslations: (catalog) => { + Object.assign(Documentation.TRANSLATIONS, catalog.messages); + Documentation.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function( + "n", + `return (${catalog.plural_expr})` + ); + Documentation.LOCALE = catalog.locale; + }, + + /** + * highlight the search words provided in the url in the text + */ + highlightSearchWords: () => { + const highlight = + new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("highlight") || ""; + const terms = highlight.toLowerCase().split(/\s+/).filter(x => x); + if (terms.length === 0) return; // nothing to do + + // There should never be more than one element matching "div.body" + const divBody = document.querySelectorAll("div.body"); + const body = divBody.length ? divBody[0] : document.querySelector("body"); + window.setTimeout(() => { + terms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(body, term, "highlighted")); + }, 10); + + const searchBox = document.getElementById("searchbox"); + if (searchBox === null) return; + searchBox.appendChild( + document + .createRange() + .createContextualFragment( + '

' + + '' + + Documentation.gettext("Hide Search Matches") + + "

" + ) + ); + }, + + /** + * helper function to hide the search marks again + */ + hideSearchWords: () => { + document + .querySelectorAll("#searchbox .highlight-link") + .forEach((el) => el.remove()); + document + .querySelectorAll("span.highlighted") + .forEach((el) => el.classList.remove("highlighted")); + const url = new URL(window.location); + url.searchParams.delete("highlight"); + window.history.replaceState({}, "", url); + }, + + /** + * helper function to focus on search bar + */ + focusSearchBar: () => { + document.querySelectorAll("input[name=q]")[0]?.focus(); + }, + + /** + * Initialise the domain index toggle buttons + */ + initDomainIndexTable: () => { + const toggler = (el) => { + const idNumber = el.id.substr(7); + const toggledRows = document.querySelectorAll(`tr.cg-${idNumber}`); + if (el.src.substr(-9) === "minus.png") { + el.src = `${el.src.substr(0, el.src.length - 9)}plus.png`; + toggledRows.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = "none")); + } else { + el.src = `${el.src.substr(0, el.src.length - 8)}minus.png`; + toggledRows.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = "")); + } + }; + + const togglerElements = document.querySelectorAll("img.toggler"); + togglerElements.forEach((el) => + el.addEventListener("click", (event) => toggler(event.currentTarget)) + ); + togglerElements.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = "")); + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX) togglerElements.forEach(toggler); + }, + + initOnKeyListeners: () => { + // only install a listener if it is really needed + if ( + !DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS && + !DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS + ) + return; + + const blacklistedElements = new Set([ + "TEXTAREA", + "INPUT", + "SELECT", + "BUTTON", + ]); + document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => { + if (blacklistedElements.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return; // bail for input elements + if (event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return; // bail with special keys + + if (!event.shiftKey) { + switch (event.key) { + case "ArrowLeft": + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) break; + + const prevLink = document.querySelector('link[rel="prev"]'); + if (prevLink && prevLink.href) { + window.location.href = prevLink.href; + event.preventDefault(); + } + break; + case "ArrowRight": + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) break; + + const nextLink = document.querySelector('link[rel="next"]'); + if (nextLink && nextLink.href) { + window.location.href = nextLink.href; + event.preventDefault(); + } + break; + case "Escape": + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) break; + Documentation.hideSearchWords(); + event.preventDefault(); + } + } + + // some keyboard layouts may need Shift to get / + switch (event.key) { + case "/": + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) break; + Documentation.focusSearchBar(); + event.preventDefault(); + } + }); + }, +}; + +// quick alias for translations +const _ = Documentation.gettext; + +_ready(Documentation.init); diff --git a/_static/documentation_options.js b/_static/documentation_options.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..162a6ba --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/documentation_options.js @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { + URL_ROOT: document.getElementById("documentation_options").getAttribute('data-url_root'), + VERSION: '', + LANGUAGE: 'en', + COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, + BUILDER: 'html', + FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', + LINK_SUFFIX: '.html', + HAS_SOURCE: true, + SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: '', + NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS: false, + SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY: true, + ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS: false, +}; \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/file.png b/_static/file.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a858a41 Binary files /dev/null and b/_static/file.png differ diff --git a/_static/images/logo_binder.svg b/_static/images/logo_binder.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..45fecf7 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/images/logo_binder.svg @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + +logo + + + + + + + + diff --git a/_static/images/logo_colab.png b/_static/images/logo_colab.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b7560ec Binary files /dev/null and b/_static/images/logo_colab.png differ diff --git a/_static/images/logo_deepnote.svg b/_static/images/logo_deepnote.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa77ebf --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/images/logo_deepnote.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + diff --git a/_static/images/logo_jupyterhub.svg b/_static/images/logo_jupyterhub.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..60cfe9f --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/images/logo_jupyterhub.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +logo_jupyterhubHub diff --git a/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js b/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc6c299 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js @@ -0,0 +1,10881 @@ +/*! + * jQuery JavaScript Library v3.6.0 + * https://jquery.com/ + * + * Includes Sizzle.js + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright OpenJS Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * https://jquery.org/license + * + * Date: 2021-03-02T17:08Z + */ +( function( global, factory ) { + + "use strict"; + + if ( typeof module === "object" && typeof module.exports === "object" ) { + + // For CommonJS and CommonJS-like environments where a proper `window` + // is present, execute the factory and get jQuery. + // For environments that do not have a `window` with a `document` + // (such as Node.js), expose a factory as module.exports. + // This accentuates the need for the creation of a real `window`. + // e.g. var jQuery = require("jquery")(window); + // See ticket #14549 for more info. + module.exports = global.document ? + factory( global, true ) : + function( w ) { + if ( !w.document ) { + throw new Error( "jQuery requires a window with a document" ); + } + return factory( w ); + }; + } else { + factory( global ); + } + +// Pass this if window is not defined yet +} )( typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : this, function( window, noGlobal ) { + +// Edge <= 12 - 13+, Firefox <=18 - 45+, IE 10 - 11, Safari 5.1 - 9+, iOS 6 - 9.1 +// throw exceptions when non-strict code (e.g., ASP.NET 4.5) accesses strict mode +// arguments.callee.caller (trac-13335). But as of jQuery 3.0 (2016), strict mode should be common +// enough that all such attempts are guarded in a try block. +"use strict"; + +var arr = []; + +var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf; + +var slice = arr.slice; + +var flat = arr.flat ? function( array ) { + return arr.flat.call( array ); +} : function( array ) { + return arr.concat.apply( [], array ); +}; + + +var push = arr.push; + +var indexOf = arr.indexOf; + +var class2type = {}; + +var toString = class2type.toString; + +var hasOwn = class2type.hasOwnProperty; + +var fnToString = hasOwn.toString; + +var ObjectFunctionString = fnToString.call( Object ); + +var support = {}; + +var isFunction = function isFunction( obj ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=57, Firefox <=52 + // In some browsers, typeof returns "function" for HTML elements + // (i.e., `typeof document.createElement( "object" ) === "function"`). + // We don't want to classify *any* DOM node as a function. + // Support: QtWeb <=3.8.5, WebKit <=534.34, wkhtmltopdf tool <=0.12.5 + // Plus for old WebKit, typeof returns "function" for HTML collections + // (e.g., `typeof document.getElementsByTagName("div") === "function"`). (gh-4756) + return typeof obj === "function" && typeof obj.nodeType !== "number" && + typeof obj.item !== "function"; + }; + + +var isWindow = function isWindow( obj ) { + return obj != null && obj === obj.window; + }; + + +var document = window.document; + + + + var preservedScriptAttributes = { + type: true, + src: true, + nonce: true, + noModule: true + }; + + function DOMEval( code, node, doc ) { + doc = doc || document; + + var i, val, + script = doc.createElement( "script" ); + + script.text = code; + if ( node ) { + for ( i in preservedScriptAttributes ) { + + // Support: Firefox 64+, Edge 18+ + // Some browsers don't support the "nonce" property on scripts. + // On the other hand, just using `getAttribute` is not enough as + // the `nonce` attribute is reset to an empty string whenever it + // becomes browsing-context connected. + // See https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/2369 + // See https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#nonce-attributes + // The `node.getAttribute` check was added for the sake of + // `jQuery.globalEval` so that it can fake a nonce-containing node + // via an object. + val = node[ i ] || node.getAttribute && node.getAttribute( i ); + if ( val ) { + script.setAttribute( i, val ); + } + } + } + doc.head.appendChild( script ).parentNode.removeChild( script ); + } + + +function toType( obj ) { + if ( obj == null ) { + return obj + ""; + } + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only (functionish RegExp) + return typeof obj === "object" || typeof obj === "function" ? + class2type[ toString.call( obj ) ] || "object" : + typeof obj; +} +/* global Symbol */ +// Defining this global in .eslintrc.json would create a danger of using the global +// unguarded in another place, it seems safer to define global only for this module + + + +var + version = "3.6.0", + + // Define a local copy of jQuery + jQuery = function( selector, context ) { + + // The jQuery object is actually just the init constructor 'enhanced' + // Need init if jQuery is called (just allow error to be thrown if not included) + return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context ); + }; + +jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = { + + // The current version of jQuery being used + jquery: version, + + constructor: jQuery, + + // The default length of a jQuery object is 0 + length: 0, + + toArray: function() { + return slice.call( this ); + }, + + // Get the Nth element in the matched element set OR + // Get the whole matched element set as a clean array + get: function( num ) { + + // Return all the elements in a clean array + if ( num == null ) { + return slice.call( this ); + } + + // Return just the one element from the set + return num < 0 ? this[ num + this.length ] : this[ num ]; + }, + + // Take an array of elements and push it onto the stack + // (returning the new matched element set) + pushStack: function( elems ) { + + // Build a new jQuery matched element set + var ret = jQuery.merge( this.constructor(), elems ); + + // Add the old object onto the stack (as a reference) + ret.prevObject = this; + + // Return the newly-formed element set + return ret; + }, + + // Execute a callback for every element in the matched set. + each: function( callback ) { + return jQuery.each( this, callback ); + }, + + map: function( callback ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.map( this, function( elem, i ) { + return callback.call( elem, i, elem ); + } ) ); + }, + + slice: function() { + return this.pushStack( slice.apply( this, arguments ) ); + }, + + first: function() { + return this.eq( 0 ); + }, + + last: function() { + return this.eq( -1 ); + }, + + even: function() { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) { + return ( i + 1 ) % 2; + } ) ); + }, + + odd: function() { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) { + return i % 2; + } ) ); + }, + + eq: function( i ) { + var len = this.length, + j = +i + ( i < 0 ? len : 0 ); + return this.pushStack( j >= 0 && j < len ? [ this[ j ] ] : [] ); + }, + + end: function() { + return this.prevObject || this.constructor(); + }, + + // For internal use only. + // Behaves like an Array's method, not like a jQuery method. + push: push, + sort: arr.sort, + splice: arr.splice +}; + +jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() { + var options, name, src, copy, copyIsArray, clone, + target = arguments[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 1, + length = arguments.length, + deep = false; + + // Handle a deep copy situation + if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) { + deep = target; + + // Skip the boolean and the target + target = arguments[ i ] || {}; + i++; + } + + // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy) + if ( typeof target !== "object" && !isFunction( target ) ) { + target = {}; + } + + // Extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed + if ( i === length ) { + target = this; + i--; + } + + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + + // Only deal with non-null/undefined values + if ( ( options = arguments[ i ] ) != null ) { + + // Extend the base object + for ( name in options ) { + copy = options[ name ]; + + // Prevent Object.prototype pollution + // Prevent never-ending loop + if ( name === "__proto__" || target === copy ) { + continue; + } + + // Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays + if ( deep && copy && ( jQuery.isPlainObject( copy ) || + ( copyIsArray = Array.isArray( copy ) ) ) ) { + src = target[ name ]; + + // Ensure proper type for the source value + if ( copyIsArray && !Array.isArray( src ) ) { + clone = []; + } else if ( !copyIsArray && !jQuery.isPlainObject( src ) ) { + clone = {}; + } else { + clone = src; + } + copyIsArray = false; + + // Never move original objects, clone them + target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy ); + + // Don't bring in undefined values + } else if ( copy !== undefined ) { + target[ name ] = copy; + } + } + } + } + + // Return the modified object + return target; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Unique for each copy of jQuery on the page + expando: "jQuery" + ( version + Math.random() ).replace( /\D/g, "" ), + + // Assume jQuery is ready without the ready module + isReady: true, + + error: function( msg ) { + throw new Error( msg ); + }, + + noop: function() {}, + + isPlainObject: function( obj ) { + var proto, Ctor; + + // Detect obvious negatives + // Use toString instead of jQuery.type to catch host objects + if ( !obj || toString.call( obj ) !== "[object Object]" ) { + return false; + } + + proto = getProto( obj ); + + // Objects with no prototype (e.g., `Object.create( null )`) are plain + if ( !proto ) { + return true; + } + + // Objects with prototype are plain iff they were constructed by a global Object function + Ctor = hasOwn.call( proto, "constructor" ) && proto.constructor; + return typeof Ctor === "function" && fnToString.call( Ctor ) === ObjectFunctionString; + }, + + isEmptyObject: function( obj ) { + var name; + + for ( name in obj ) { + return false; + } + return true; + }, + + // Evaluates a script in a provided context; falls back to the global one + // if not specified. + globalEval: function( code, options, doc ) { + DOMEval( code, { nonce: options && options.nonce }, doc ); + }, + + each: function( obj, callback ) { + var length, i = 0; + + if ( isArrayLike( obj ) ) { + length = obj.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } else { + for ( i in obj ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } + + return obj; + }, + + // results is for internal usage only + makeArray: function( arr, results ) { + var ret = results || []; + + if ( arr != null ) { + if ( isArrayLike( Object( arr ) ) ) { + jQuery.merge( ret, + typeof arr === "string" ? + [ arr ] : arr + ); + } else { + push.call( ret, arr ); + } + } + + return ret; + }, + + inArray: function( elem, arr, i ) { + return arr == null ? -1 : indexOf.call( arr, elem, i ); + }, + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + merge: function( first, second ) { + var len = +second.length, + j = 0, + i = first.length; + + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + first[ i++ ] = second[ j ]; + } + + first.length = i; + + return first; + }, + + grep: function( elems, callback, invert ) { + var callbackInverse, + matches = [], + i = 0, + length = elems.length, + callbackExpect = !invert; + + // Go through the array, only saving the items + // that pass the validator function + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + callbackInverse = !callback( elems[ i ], i ); + if ( callbackInverse !== callbackExpect ) { + matches.push( elems[ i ] ); + } + } + + return matches; + }, + + // arg is for internal usage only + map: function( elems, callback, arg ) { + var length, value, + i = 0, + ret = []; + + // Go through the array, translating each of the items to their new values + if ( isArrayLike( elems ) ) { + length = elems.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + + // Go through every key on the object, + } else { + for ( i in elems ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + } + + // Flatten any nested arrays + return flat( ret ); + }, + + // A global GUID counter for objects + guid: 1, + + // jQuery.support is not used in Core but other projects attach their + // properties to it so it needs to exist. + support: support +} ); + +if ( typeof Symbol === "function" ) { + jQuery.fn[ Symbol.iterator ] = arr[ Symbol.iterator ]; +} + +// Populate the class2type map +jQuery.each( "Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol".split( " " ), + function( _i, name ) { + class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase(); + } ); + +function isArrayLike( obj ) { + + // Support: real iOS 8.2 only (not reproducible in simulator) + // `in` check used to prevent JIT error (gh-2145) + // hasOwn isn't used here due to false negatives + // regarding Nodelist length in IE + var length = !!obj && "length" in obj && obj.length, + type = toType( obj ); + + if ( isFunction( obj ) || isWindow( obj ) ) { + return false; + } + + return type === "array" || length === 0 || + typeof length === "number" && length > 0 && ( length - 1 ) in obj; +} +var Sizzle = +/*! + * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v2.3.6 + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright JS Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * https://js.foundation/ + * + * Date: 2021-02-16 + */ +( function( window ) { +var i, + support, + Expr, + getText, + isXML, + tokenize, + compile, + select, + outermostContext, + sortInput, + hasDuplicate, + + // Local document vars + setDocument, + document, + docElem, + documentIsHTML, + rbuggyQSA, + rbuggyMatches, + matches, + contains, + + // Instance-specific data + expando = "sizzle" + 1 * new Date(), + preferredDoc = window.document, + dirruns = 0, + done = 0, + classCache = createCache(), + tokenCache = createCache(), + compilerCache = createCache(), + nonnativeSelectorCache = createCache(), + sortOrder = function( a, b ) { + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + } + return 0; + }, + + // Instance methods + hasOwn = ( {} ).hasOwnProperty, + arr = [], + pop = arr.pop, + pushNative = arr.push, + push = arr.push, + slice = arr.slice, + + // Use a stripped-down indexOf as it's faster than native + // https://jsperf.com/thor-indexof-vs-for/5 + indexOf = function( list, elem ) { + var i = 0, + len = list.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( list[ i ] === elem ) { + return i; + } + } + return -1; + }, + + booleans = "checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|" + + "ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped", + + // Regular expressions + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#whitespace + whitespace = "[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]", + + // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/#ident-token-diagram + identifier = "(?:\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + + "?|\\\\[^\\r\\n\\f]|[\\w-]|[^\0-\\x7f])+", + + // Attribute selectors: http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#attribute-selectors + attributes = "\\[" + whitespace + "*(" + identifier + ")(?:" + whitespace + + + // Operator (capture 2) + "*([*^$|!~]?=)" + whitespace + + + // "Attribute values must be CSS identifiers [capture 5] + // or strings [capture 3 or capture 4]" + "*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|(" + identifier + "))|)" + + whitespace + "*\\]", + + pseudos = ":(" + identifier + ")(?:\\((" + + + // To reduce the number of selectors needing tokenize in the preFilter, prefer arguments: + // 1. quoted (capture 3; capture 4 or capture 5) + "('((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\")|" + + + // 2. simple (capture 6) + "((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|" + attributes + ")*)|" + + + // 3. anything else (capture 2) + ".*" + + ")\\)|)", + + // Leading and non-escaped trailing whitespace, capturing some non-whitespace characters preceding the latter + rwhitespace = new RegExp( whitespace + "+", "g" ), + rtrim = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)" + + whitespace + "+$", "g" ), + + rcomma = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*," + whitespace + "*" ), + rcombinators = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*([>+~]|" + whitespace + ")" + whitespace + + "*" ), + rdescend = new RegExp( whitespace + "|>" ), + + rpseudo = new RegExp( pseudos ), + ridentifier = new RegExp( "^" + identifier + "$" ), + + matchExpr = { + "ID": new RegExp( "^#(" + identifier + ")" ), + "CLASS": new RegExp( "^\\.(" + identifier + ")" ), + "TAG": new RegExp( "^(" + identifier + "|[*])" ), + "ATTR": new RegExp( "^" + attributes ), + "PSEUDO": new RegExp( "^" + pseudos ), + "CHILD": new RegExp( "^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\(" + + whitespace + "*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)" + whitespace + "*(?:([+-]|)" + + whitespace + "*(\\d+)|))" + whitespace + "*\\)|)", "i" ), + "bool": new RegExp( "^(?:" + booleans + ")$", "i" ), + + // For use in libraries implementing .is() + // We use this for POS matching in `select` + "needsContext": new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + + "*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\(" + whitespace + + "*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)" + whitespace + "*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)", "i" ) + }, + + rhtml = /HTML$/i, + rinputs = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rheader = /^h\d$/i, + + rnative = /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/, + + // Easily-parseable/retrievable ID or TAG or CLASS selectors + rquickExpr = /^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/, + + rsibling = /[+~]/, + + // CSS escapes + // http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#escaped-characters + runescape = new RegExp( "\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + "?|\\\\([^\\r\\n\\f])", "g" ), + funescape = function( escape, nonHex ) { + var high = "0x" + escape.slice( 1 ) - 0x10000; + + return nonHex ? + + // Strip the backslash prefix from a non-hex escape sequence + nonHex : + + // Replace a hexadecimal escape sequence with the encoded Unicode code point + // Support: IE <=11+ + // For values outside the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), manually construct a + // surrogate pair + high < 0 ? + String.fromCharCode( high + 0x10000 ) : + String.fromCharCode( high >> 10 | 0xD800, high & 0x3FF | 0xDC00 ); + }, + + // CSS string/identifier serialization + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#common-serializing-idioms + rcssescape = /([\0-\x1f\x7f]|^-?\d)|^-$|[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\uFFFF\w-]/g, + fcssescape = function( ch, asCodePoint ) { + if ( asCodePoint ) { + + // U+0000 NULL becomes U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER + if ( ch === "\0" ) { + return "\uFFFD"; + } + + // Control characters and (dependent upon position) numbers get escaped as code points + return ch.slice( 0, -1 ) + "\\" + + ch.charCodeAt( ch.length - 1 ).toString( 16 ) + " "; + } + + // Other potentially-special ASCII characters get backslash-escaped + return "\\" + ch; + }, + + // Used for iframes + // See setDocument() + // Removing the function wrapper causes a "Permission Denied" + // error in IE + unloadHandler = function() { + setDocument(); + }, + + inDisabledFieldset = addCombinator( + function( elem ) { + return elem.disabled === true && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "fieldset"; + }, + { dir: "parentNode", next: "legend" } + ); + +// Optimize for push.apply( _, NodeList ) +try { + push.apply( + ( arr = slice.call( preferredDoc.childNodes ) ), + preferredDoc.childNodes + ); + + // Support: Android<4.0 + // Detect silently failing push.apply + // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions + arr[ preferredDoc.childNodes.length ].nodeType; +} catch ( e ) { + push = { apply: arr.length ? + + // Leverage slice if possible + function( target, els ) { + pushNative.apply( target, slice.call( els ) ); + } : + + // Support: IE<9 + // Otherwise append directly + function( target, els ) { + var j = target.length, + i = 0; + + // Can't trust NodeList.length + while ( ( target[ j++ ] = els[ i++ ] ) ) {} + target.length = j - 1; + } + }; +} + +function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var m, i, elem, nid, match, groups, newSelector, + newContext = context && context.ownerDocument, + + // nodeType defaults to 9, since context defaults to document + nodeType = context ? context.nodeType : 9; + + results = results || []; + + // Return early from calls with invalid selector or context + if ( typeof selector !== "string" || !selector || + nodeType !== 1 && nodeType !== 9 && nodeType !== 11 ) { + + return results; + } + + // Try to shortcut find operations (as opposed to filters) in HTML documents + if ( !seed ) { + setDocument( context ); + context = context || document; + + if ( documentIsHTML ) { + + // If the selector is sufficiently simple, try using a "get*By*" DOM method + // (excepting DocumentFragment context, where the methods don't exist) + if ( nodeType !== 11 && ( match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ) ) ) { + + // ID selector + if ( ( m = match[ 1 ] ) ) { + + // Document context + if ( nodeType === 9 ) { + if ( ( elem = context.getElementById( m ) ) ) { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( elem.id === m ) { + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } else { + return results; + } + + // Element context + } else { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( newContext && ( elem = newContext.getElementById( m ) ) && + contains( context, elem ) && + elem.id === m ) { + + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } + + // Type selector + } else if ( match[ 2 ] ) { + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByTagName( selector ) ); + return results; + + // Class selector + } else if ( ( m = match[ 3 ] ) && support.getElementsByClassName && + context.getElementsByClassName ) { + + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByClassName( m ) ); + return results; + } + } + + // Take advantage of querySelectorAll + if ( support.qsa && + !nonnativeSelectorCache[ selector + " " ] && + ( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( selector ) ) && + + // Support: IE 8 only + // Exclude object elements + ( nodeType !== 1 || context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object" ) ) { + + newSelector = selector; + newContext = context; + + // qSA considers elements outside a scoping root when evaluating child or + // descendant combinators, which is not what we want. + // In such cases, we work around the behavior by prefixing every selector in the + // list with an ID selector referencing the scope context. + // The technique has to be used as well when a leading combinator is used + // as such selectors are not recognized by querySelectorAll. + // Thanks to Andrew Dupont for this technique. + if ( nodeType === 1 && + ( rdescend.test( selector ) || rcombinators.test( selector ) ) ) { + + // Expand context for sibling selectors + newContext = rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context; + + // We can use :scope instead of the ID hack if the browser + // supports it & if we're not changing the context. + if ( newContext !== context || !support.scope ) { + + // Capture the context ID, setting it first if necessary + if ( ( nid = context.getAttribute( "id" ) ) ) { + nid = nid.replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); + } else { + context.setAttribute( "id", ( nid = expando ) ); + } + } + + // Prefix every selector in the list + groups = tokenize( selector ); + i = groups.length; + while ( i-- ) { + groups[ i ] = ( nid ? "#" + nid : ":scope" ) + " " + + toSelector( groups[ i ] ); + } + newSelector = groups.join( "," ); + } + + try { + push.apply( results, + newContext.querySelectorAll( newSelector ) + ); + return results; + } catch ( qsaError ) { + nonnativeSelectorCache( selector, true ); + } finally { + if ( nid === expando ) { + context.removeAttribute( "id" ); + } + } + } + } + } + + // All others + return select( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ), context, results, seed ); +} + +/** + * Create key-value caches of limited size + * @returns {function(string, object)} Returns the Object data after storing it on itself with + * property name the (space-suffixed) string and (if the cache is larger than Expr.cacheLength) + * deleting the oldest entry + */ +function createCache() { + var keys = []; + + function cache( key, value ) { + + // Use (key + " ") to avoid collision with native prototype properties (see Issue #157) + if ( keys.push( key + " " ) > Expr.cacheLength ) { + + // Only keep the most recent entries + delete cache[ keys.shift() ]; + } + return ( cache[ key + " " ] = value ); + } + return cache; +} + +/** + * Mark a function for special use by Sizzle + * @param {Function} fn The function to mark + */ +function markFunction( fn ) { + fn[ expando ] = true; + return fn; +} + +/** + * Support testing using an element + * @param {Function} fn Passed the created element and returns a boolean result + */ +function assert( fn ) { + var el = document.createElement( "fieldset" ); + + try { + return !!fn( el ); + } catch ( e ) { + return false; + } finally { + + // Remove from its parent by default + if ( el.parentNode ) { + el.parentNode.removeChild( el ); + } + + // release memory in IE + el = null; + } +} + +/** + * Adds the same handler for all of the specified attrs + * @param {String} attrs Pipe-separated list of attributes + * @param {Function} handler The method that will be applied + */ +function addHandle( attrs, handler ) { + var arr = attrs.split( "|" ), + i = arr.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + Expr.attrHandle[ arr[ i ] ] = handler; + } +} + +/** + * Checks document order of two siblings + * @param {Element} a + * @param {Element} b + * @returns {Number} Returns less than 0 if a precedes b, greater than 0 if a follows b + */ +function siblingCheck( a, b ) { + var cur = b && a, + diff = cur && a.nodeType === 1 && b.nodeType === 1 && + a.sourceIndex - b.sourceIndex; + + // Use IE sourceIndex if available on both nodes + if ( diff ) { + return diff; + } + + // Check if b follows a + if ( cur ) { + while ( ( cur = cur.nextSibling ) ) { + if ( cur === b ) { + return -1; + } + } + } + + return a ? 1 : -1; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for input types + * @param {String} type + */ +function createInputPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for buttons + * @param {String} type + */ +function createButtonPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return ( name === "input" || name === "button" ) && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for :enabled/:disabled + * @param {Boolean} disabled true for :disabled; false for :enabled + */ +function createDisabledPseudo( disabled ) { + + // Known :disabled false positives: fieldset[disabled] > legend:nth-of-type(n+2) :can-disable + return function( elem ) { + + // Only certain elements can match :enabled or :disabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-enabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-disabled + if ( "form" in elem ) { + + // Check for inherited disabledness on relevant non-disabled elements: + // * listed form-associated elements in a disabled fieldset + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#category-listed + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-fe-disabled + // * option elements in a disabled optgroup + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-option-disabled + // All such elements have a "form" property. + if ( elem.parentNode && elem.disabled === false ) { + + // Option elements defer to a parent optgroup if present + if ( "label" in elem ) { + if ( "label" in elem.parentNode ) { + return elem.parentNode.disabled === disabled; + } else { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + } + + // Support: IE 6 - 11 + // Use the isDisabled shortcut property to check for disabled fieldset ancestors + return elem.isDisabled === disabled || + + // Where there is no isDisabled, check manually + /* jshint -W018 */ + elem.isDisabled !== !disabled && + inDisabledFieldset( elem ) === disabled; + } + + return elem.disabled === disabled; + + // Try to winnow out elements that can't be disabled before trusting the disabled property. + // Some victims get caught in our net (label, legend, menu, track), but it shouldn't + // even exist on them, let alone have a boolean value. + } else if ( "label" in elem ) { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + + // Remaining elements are neither :enabled nor :disabled + return false; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for positionals + * @param {Function} fn + */ +function createPositionalPseudo( fn ) { + return markFunction( function( argument ) { + argument = +argument; + return markFunction( function( seed, matches ) { + var j, + matchIndexes = fn( [], seed.length, argument ), + i = matchIndexes.length; + + // Match elements found at the specified indexes + while ( i-- ) { + if ( seed[ ( j = matchIndexes[ i ] ) ] ) { + seed[ j ] = !( matches[ j ] = seed[ j ] ); + } + } + } ); + } ); +} + +/** + * Checks a node for validity as a Sizzle context + * @param {Element|Object=} context + * @returns {Element|Object|Boolean} The input node if acceptable, otherwise a falsy value + */ +function testContext( context ) { + return context && typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" && context; +} + +// Expose support vars for convenience +support = Sizzle.support = {}; + +/** + * Detects XML nodes + * @param {Element|Object} elem An element or a document + * @returns {Boolean} True iff elem is a non-HTML XML node + */ +isXML = Sizzle.isXML = function( elem ) { + var namespace = elem && elem.namespaceURI, + docElem = elem && ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ).documentElement; + + // Support: IE <=8 + // Assume HTML when documentElement doesn't yet exist, such as inside loading iframes + // https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/4833 + return !rhtml.test( namespace || docElem && docElem.nodeName || "HTML" ); +}; + +/** + * Sets document-related variables once based on the current document + * @param {Element|Object} [doc] An element or document object to use to set the document + * @returns {Object} Returns the current document + */ +setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) { + var hasCompare, subWindow, + doc = node ? node.ownerDocument || node : preferredDoc; + + // Return early if doc is invalid or already selected + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( doc == document || doc.nodeType !== 9 || !doc.documentElement ) { + return document; + } + + // Update global variables + document = doc; + docElem = document.documentElement; + documentIsHTML = !isXML( document ); + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+ + // Accessing iframe documents after unload throws "permission denied" errors (jQuery #13936) + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( preferredDoc != document && + ( subWindow = document.defaultView ) && subWindow.top !== subWindow ) { + + // Support: IE 11, Edge + if ( subWindow.addEventListener ) { + subWindow.addEventListener( "unload", unloadHandler, false ); + + // Support: IE 9 - 10 only + } else if ( subWindow.attachEvent ) { + subWindow.attachEvent( "onunload", unloadHandler ); + } + } + + // Support: IE 8 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, Chrome <=16 - 25 only, Firefox <=3.6 - 31 only, + // Safari 4 - 5 only, Opera <=11.6 - 12.x only + // IE/Edge & older browsers don't support the :scope pseudo-class. + // Support: Safari 6.0 only + // Safari 6.0 supports :scope but it's an alias of :root there. + support.scope = assert( function( el ) { + docElem.appendChild( el ).appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ); + return typeof el.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" && + !el.querySelectorAll( ":scope fieldset div" ).length; + } ); + + /* Attributes + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Support: IE<8 + // Verify that getAttribute really returns attributes and not properties + // (excepting IE8 booleans) + support.attributes = assert( function( el ) { + el.className = "i"; + return !el.getAttribute( "className" ); + } ); + + /* getElement(s)By* + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Check if getElementsByTagName("*") returns only elements + support.getElementsByTagName = assert( function( el ) { + el.appendChild( document.createComment( "" ) ); + return !el.getElementsByTagName( "*" ).length; + } ); + + // Support: IE<9 + support.getElementsByClassName = rnative.test( document.getElementsByClassName ); + + // Support: IE<10 + // Check if getElementById returns elements by name + // The broken getElementById methods don't pick up programmatically-set names, + // so use a roundabout getElementsByName test + support.getById = assert( function( el ) { + docElem.appendChild( el ).id = expando; + return !document.getElementsByName || !document.getElementsByName( expando ).length; + } ); + + // ID filter and find + if ( support.getById ) { + Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute( "id" ) === attrId; + }; + }; + Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var elem = context.getElementById( id ); + return elem ? [ elem ] : []; + } + }; + } else { + Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + var node = typeof elem.getAttributeNode !== "undefined" && + elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + return node && node.value === attrId; + }; + }; + + // Support: IE 6 - 7 only + // getElementById is not reliable as a find shortcut + Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var node, i, elems, + elem = context.getElementById( id ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Verify the id attribute + node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + + // Fall back on getElementsByName + elems = context.getElementsByName( id ); + i = 0; + while ( ( elem = elems[ i++ ] ) ) { + node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + } + } + + return []; + } + }; + } + + // Tag + Expr.find[ "TAG" ] = support.getElementsByTagName ? + function( tag, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + return context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // DocumentFragment nodes don't have gEBTN + } else if ( support.qsa ) { + return context.querySelectorAll( tag ); + } + } : + + function( tag, context ) { + var elem, + tmp = [], + i = 0, + + // By happy coincidence, a (broken) gEBTN appears on DocumentFragment nodes too + results = context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // Filter out possible comments + if ( tag === "*" ) { + while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + tmp.push( elem ); + } + } + + return tmp; + } + return results; + }; + + // Class + Expr.find[ "CLASS" ] = support.getElementsByClassName && function( className, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByClassName !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + return context.getElementsByClassName( className ); + } + }; + + /* QSA/matchesSelector + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // QSA and matchesSelector support + + // matchesSelector(:active) reports false when true (IE9/Opera 11.5) + rbuggyMatches = []; + + // qSa(:focus) reports false when true (Chrome 21) + // We allow this because of a bug in IE8/9 that throws an error + // whenever `document.activeElement` is accessed on an iframe + // So, we allow :focus to pass through QSA all the time to avoid the IE error + // See https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13378 + rbuggyQSA = []; + + if ( ( support.qsa = rnative.test( document.querySelectorAll ) ) ) { + + // Build QSA regex + // Regex strategy adopted from Diego Perini + assert( function( el ) { + + var input; + + // Select is set to empty string on purpose + // This is to test IE's treatment of not explicitly + // setting a boolean content attribute, + // since its presence should be enough + // https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12359 + docElem.appendChild( el ).innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: IE8, Opera 11-12.16 + // Nothing should be selected when empty strings follow ^= or $= or *= + // The test attribute must be unknown in Opera but "safe" for WinRT + // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/hh465388.aspx#attribute_section + if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[msallowcapture^='']" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "[*^$]=" + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); + } + + // Support: IE8 + // Boolean attributes and "value" are not treated correctly + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[selected]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*(?:value|" + booleans + ")" ); + } + + // Support: Chrome<29, Android<4.4, Safari<7.0+, iOS<7.0+, PhantomJS<1.9.8+ + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[id~=" + expando + "-]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "~=" ); + } + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE 11/Edge don't find elements on a `[name='']` query in some cases. + // Adding a temporary attribute to the document before the selection works + // around the issue. + // Interestingly, IE 10 & older don't seem to have the issue. + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.setAttribute( "name", "" ); + el.appendChild( input ); + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[name='']" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*name" + whitespace + "*=" + + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); + } + + // Webkit/Opera - :checked should return selected option elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( ":checked" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":checked" ); + } + + // Support: Safari 8+, iOS 8+ + // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=136851 + // In-page `selector#id sibling-combinator selector` fails + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "a#" + expando + "+*" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ".#.+[+~]" ); + } + + // Support: Firefox <=3.6 - 5 only + // Old Firefox doesn't throw on a badly-escaped identifier. + el.querySelectorAll( "\\\f" ); + rbuggyQSA.push( "[\\r\\n\\f]" ); + } ); + + assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: Windows 8 Native Apps + // The type and name attributes are restricted during .innerHTML assignment + var input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.setAttribute( "type", "hidden" ); + el.appendChild( input ).setAttribute( "name", "D" ); + + // Support: IE8 + // Enforce case-sensitivity of name attribute + if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[name=d]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "name" + whitespace + "*[*^$|!~]?=" ); + } + + // FF 3.5 - :enabled/:disabled and hidden elements (hidden elements are still enabled) + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":enabled" ).length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Support: IE9-11+ + // IE's :disabled selector does not pick up the children of disabled fieldsets + docElem.appendChild( el ).disabled = true; + if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":disabled" ).length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Support: Opera 10 - 11 only + // Opera 10-11 does not throw on post-comma invalid pseudos + el.querySelectorAll( "*,:x" ); + rbuggyQSA.push( ",.*:" ); + } ); + } + + if ( ( support.matchesSelector = rnative.test( ( matches = docElem.matches || + docElem.webkitMatchesSelector || + docElem.mozMatchesSelector || + docElem.oMatchesSelector || + docElem.msMatchesSelector ) ) ) ) { + + assert( function( el ) { + + // Check to see if it's possible to do matchesSelector + // on a disconnected node (IE 9) + support.disconnectedMatch = matches.call( el, "*" ); + + // This should fail with an exception + // Gecko does not error, returns false instead + matches.call( el, "[s!='']:x" ); + rbuggyMatches.push( "!=", pseudos ); + } ); + } + + rbuggyQSA = rbuggyQSA.length && new RegExp( rbuggyQSA.join( "|" ) ); + rbuggyMatches = rbuggyMatches.length && new RegExp( rbuggyMatches.join( "|" ) ); + + /* Contains + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + hasCompare = rnative.test( docElem.compareDocumentPosition ); + + // Element contains another + // Purposefully self-exclusive + // As in, an element does not contain itself + contains = hasCompare || rnative.test( docElem.contains ) ? + function( a, b ) { + var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a, + bup = b && b.parentNode; + return a === bup || !!( bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && ( + adown.contains ? + adown.contains( bup ) : + a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16 + ) ); + } : + function( a, b ) { + if ( b ) { + while ( ( b = b.parentNode ) ) { + if ( b === a ) { + return true; + } + } + } + return false; + }; + + /* Sorting + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Document order sorting + sortOrder = hasCompare ? + function( a, b ) { + + // Flag for duplicate removal + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + // Sort on method existence if only one input has compareDocumentPosition + var compare = !a.compareDocumentPosition - !b.compareDocumentPosition; + if ( compare ) { + return compare; + } + + // Calculate position if both inputs belong to the same document + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + compare = ( a.ownerDocument || a ) == ( b.ownerDocument || b ) ? + a.compareDocumentPosition( b ) : + + // Otherwise we know they are disconnected + 1; + + // Disconnected nodes + if ( compare & 1 || + ( !support.sortDetached && b.compareDocumentPosition( a ) === compare ) ) { + + // Choose the first element that is related to our preferred document + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( a == document || a.ownerDocument == preferredDoc && + contains( preferredDoc, a ) ) { + return -1; + } + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( b == document || b.ownerDocument == preferredDoc && + contains( preferredDoc, b ) ) { + return 1; + } + + // Maintain original order + return sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + } + + return compare & 4 ? -1 : 1; + } : + function( a, b ) { + + // Exit early if the nodes are identical + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + var cur, + i = 0, + aup = a.parentNode, + bup = b.parentNode, + ap = [ a ], + bp = [ b ]; + + // Parentless nodes are either documents or disconnected + if ( !aup || !bup ) { + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + /* eslint-disable eqeqeq */ + return a == document ? -1 : + b == document ? 1 : + /* eslint-enable eqeqeq */ + aup ? -1 : + bup ? 1 : + sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + + // If the nodes are siblings, we can do a quick check + } else if ( aup === bup ) { + return siblingCheck( a, b ); + } + + // Otherwise we need full lists of their ancestors for comparison + cur = a; + while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) { + ap.unshift( cur ); + } + cur = b; + while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) { + bp.unshift( cur ); + } + + // Walk down the tree looking for a discrepancy + while ( ap[ i ] === bp[ i ] ) { + i++; + } + + return i ? + + // Do a sibling check if the nodes have a common ancestor + siblingCheck( ap[ i ], bp[ i ] ) : + + // Otherwise nodes in our document sort first + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + /* eslint-disable eqeqeq */ + ap[ i ] == preferredDoc ? -1 : + bp[ i ] == preferredDoc ? 1 : + /* eslint-enable eqeqeq */ + 0; + }; + + return document; +}; + +Sizzle.matches = function( expr, elements ) { + return Sizzle( expr, null, null, elements ); +}; + +Sizzle.matchesSelector = function( elem, expr ) { + setDocument( elem ); + + if ( support.matchesSelector && documentIsHTML && + !nonnativeSelectorCache[ expr + " " ] && + ( !rbuggyMatches || !rbuggyMatches.test( expr ) ) && + ( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( expr ) ) ) { + + try { + var ret = matches.call( elem, expr ); + + // IE 9's matchesSelector returns false on disconnected nodes + if ( ret || support.disconnectedMatch || + + // As well, disconnected nodes are said to be in a document + // fragment in IE 9 + elem.document && elem.document.nodeType !== 11 ) { + return ret; + } + } catch ( e ) { + nonnativeSelectorCache( expr, true ); + } + } + + return Sizzle( expr, document, null, [ elem ] ).length > 0; +}; + +Sizzle.contains = function( context, elem ) { + + // Set document vars if needed + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( ( context.ownerDocument || context ) != document ) { + setDocument( context ); + } + return contains( context, elem ); +}; + +Sizzle.attr = function( elem, name ) { + + // Set document vars if needed + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) != document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + } + + var fn = Expr.attrHandle[ name.toLowerCase() ], + + // Don't get fooled by Object.prototype properties (jQuery #13807) + val = fn && hasOwn.call( Expr.attrHandle, name.toLowerCase() ) ? + fn( elem, name, !documentIsHTML ) : + undefined; + + return val !== undefined ? + val : + support.attributes || !documentIsHTML ? + elem.getAttribute( name ) : + ( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; +}; + +Sizzle.escape = function( sel ) { + return ( sel + "" ).replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); +}; + +Sizzle.error = function( msg ) { + throw new Error( "Syntax error, unrecognized expression: " + msg ); +}; + +/** + * Document sorting and removing duplicates + * @param {ArrayLike} results + */ +Sizzle.uniqueSort = function( results ) { + var elem, + duplicates = [], + j = 0, + i = 0; + + // Unless we *know* we can detect duplicates, assume their presence + hasDuplicate = !support.detectDuplicates; + sortInput = !support.sortStable && results.slice( 0 ); + results.sort( sortOrder ); + + if ( hasDuplicate ) { + while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem === results[ i ] ) { + j = duplicates.push( i ); + } + } + while ( j-- ) { + results.splice( duplicates[ j ], 1 ); + } + } + + // Clear input after sorting to release objects + // See https://github.com/jquery/sizzle/pull/225 + sortInput = null; + + return results; +}; + +/** + * Utility function for retrieving the text value of an array of DOM nodes + * @param {Array|Element} elem + */ +getText = Sizzle.getText = function( elem ) { + var node, + ret = "", + i = 0, + nodeType = elem.nodeType; + + if ( !nodeType ) { + + // If no nodeType, this is expected to be an array + while ( ( node = elem[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Do not traverse comment nodes + ret += getText( node ); + } + } else if ( nodeType === 1 || nodeType === 9 || nodeType === 11 ) { + + // Use textContent for elements + // innerText usage removed for consistency of new lines (jQuery #11153) + if ( typeof elem.textContent === "string" ) { + return elem.textContent; + } else { + + // Traverse its children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + ret += getText( elem ); + } + } + } else if ( nodeType === 3 || nodeType === 4 ) { + return elem.nodeValue; + } + + // Do not include comment or processing instruction nodes + + return ret; +}; + +Expr = Sizzle.selectors = { + + // Can be adjusted by the user + cacheLength: 50, + + createPseudo: markFunction, + + match: matchExpr, + + attrHandle: {}, + + find: {}, + + relative: { + ">": { dir: "parentNode", first: true }, + " ": { dir: "parentNode" }, + "+": { dir: "previousSibling", first: true }, + "~": { dir: "previousSibling" } + }, + + preFilter: { + "ATTR": function( match ) { + match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].replace( runescape, funescape ); + + // Move the given value to match[3] whether quoted or unquoted + match[ 3 ] = ( match[ 3 ] || match[ 4 ] || + match[ 5 ] || "" ).replace( runescape, funescape ); + + if ( match[ 2 ] === "~=" ) { + match[ 3 ] = " " + match[ 3 ] + " "; + } + + return match.slice( 0, 4 ); + }, + + "CHILD": function( match ) { + + /* matches from matchExpr["CHILD"] + 1 type (only|nth|...) + 2 what (child|of-type) + 3 argument (even|odd|\d*|\d*n([+-]\d+)?|...) + 4 xn-component of xn+y argument ([+-]?\d*n|) + 5 sign of xn-component + 6 x of xn-component + 7 sign of y-component + 8 y of y-component + */ + match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].toLowerCase(); + + if ( match[ 1 ].slice( 0, 3 ) === "nth" ) { + + // nth-* requires argument + if ( !match[ 3 ] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] ); + } + + // numeric x and y parameters for Expr.filter.CHILD + // remember that false/true cast respectively to 0/1 + match[ 4 ] = +( match[ 4 ] ? + match[ 5 ] + ( match[ 6 ] || 1 ) : + 2 * ( match[ 3 ] === "even" || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ) ); + match[ 5 ] = +( ( match[ 7 ] + match[ 8 ] ) || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ); + + // other types prohibit arguments + } else if ( match[ 3 ] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] ); + } + + return match; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( match ) { + var excess, + unquoted = !match[ 6 ] && match[ 2 ]; + + if ( matchExpr[ "CHILD" ].test( match[ 0 ] ) ) { + return null; + } + + // Accept quoted arguments as-is + if ( match[ 3 ] ) { + match[ 2 ] = match[ 4 ] || match[ 5 ] || ""; + + // Strip excess characters from unquoted arguments + } else if ( unquoted && rpseudo.test( unquoted ) && + + // Get excess from tokenize (recursively) + ( excess = tokenize( unquoted, true ) ) && + + // advance to the next closing parenthesis + ( excess = unquoted.indexOf( ")", unquoted.length - excess ) - unquoted.length ) ) { + + // excess is a negative index + match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0, excess ); + match[ 2 ] = unquoted.slice( 0, excess ); + } + + // Return only captures needed by the pseudo filter method (type and argument) + return match.slice( 0, 3 ); + } + }, + + filter: { + + "TAG": function( nodeNameSelector ) { + var nodeName = nodeNameSelector.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return nodeNameSelector === "*" ? + function() { + return true; + } : + function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === nodeName; + }; + }, + + "CLASS": function( className ) { + var pattern = classCache[ className + " " ]; + + return pattern || + ( pattern = new RegExp( "(^|" + whitespace + + ")" + className + "(" + whitespace + "|$)" ) ) && classCache( + className, function( elem ) { + return pattern.test( + typeof elem.className === "string" && elem.className || + typeof elem.getAttribute !== "undefined" && + elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || + "" + ); + } ); + }, + + "ATTR": function( name, operator, check ) { + return function( elem ) { + var result = Sizzle.attr( elem, name ); + + if ( result == null ) { + return operator === "!="; + } + if ( !operator ) { + return true; + } + + result += ""; + + /* eslint-disable max-len */ + + return operator === "=" ? result === check : + operator === "!=" ? result !== check : + operator === "^=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) === 0 : + operator === "*=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "$=" ? check && result.slice( -check.length ) === check : + operator === "~=" ? ( " " + result.replace( rwhitespace, " " ) + " " ).indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "|=" ? result === check || result.slice( 0, check.length + 1 ) === check + "-" : + false; + /* eslint-enable max-len */ + + }; + }, + + "CHILD": function( type, what, _argument, first, last ) { + var simple = type.slice( 0, 3 ) !== "nth", + forward = type.slice( -4 ) !== "last", + ofType = what === "of-type"; + + return first === 1 && last === 0 ? + + // Shortcut for :nth-*(n) + function( elem ) { + return !!elem.parentNode; + } : + + function( elem, _context, xml ) { + var cache, uniqueCache, outerCache, node, nodeIndex, start, + dir = simple !== forward ? "nextSibling" : "previousSibling", + parent = elem.parentNode, + name = ofType && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(), + useCache = !xml && !ofType, + diff = false; + + if ( parent ) { + + // :(first|last|only)-(child|of-type) + if ( simple ) { + while ( dir ) { + node = elem; + while ( ( node = node[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) { + + return false; + } + } + + // Reverse direction for :only-* (if we haven't yet done so) + start = dir = type === "only" && !start && "nextSibling"; + } + return true; + } + + start = [ forward ? parent.firstChild : parent.lastChild ]; + + // non-xml :nth-child(...) stores cache data on `parent` + if ( forward && useCache ) { + + // Seek `elem` from a previously-cached index + + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = parent; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex && cache[ 2 ]; + node = nodeIndex && parent.childNodes[ nodeIndex ]; + + while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + + // Fallback to seeking `elem` from the start + ( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) { + + // When found, cache indexes on `parent` and break + if ( node.nodeType === 1 && ++diff && node === elem ) { + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, nodeIndex, diff ]; + break; + } + } + + } else { + + // Use previously-cached element index if available + if ( useCache ) { + + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = elem; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex; + } + + // xml :nth-child(...) + // or :nth-last-child(...) or :nth(-last)?-of-type(...) + if ( diff === false ) { + + // Use the same loop as above to seek `elem` from the start + while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + ( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) { + + if ( ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) && + ++diff ) { + + // Cache the index of each encountered element + if ( useCache ) { + outerCache = node[ expando ] || + ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, diff ]; + } + + if ( node === elem ) { + break; + } + } + } + } + } + + // Incorporate the offset, then check against cycle size + diff -= last; + return diff === first || ( diff % first === 0 && diff / first >= 0 ); + } + }; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( pseudo, argument ) { + + // pseudo-class names are case-insensitive + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#pseudo-classes + // Prioritize by case sensitivity in case custom pseudos are added with uppercase letters + // Remember that setFilters inherits from pseudos + var args, + fn = Expr.pseudos[ pseudo ] || Expr.setFilters[ pseudo.toLowerCase() ] || + Sizzle.error( "unsupported pseudo: " + pseudo ); + + // The user may use createPseudo to indicate that + // arguments are needed to create the filter function + // just as Sizzle does + if ( fn[ expando ] ) { + return fn( argument ); + } + + // But maintain support for old signatures + if ( fn.length > 1 ) { + args = [ pseudo, pseudo, "", argument ]; + return Expr.setFilters.hasOwnProperty( pseudo.toLowerCase() ) ? + markFunction( function( seed, matches ) { + var idx, + matched = fn( seed, argument ), + i = matched.length; + while ( i-- ) { + idx = indexOf( seed, matched[ i ] ); + seed[ idx ] = !( matches[ idx ] = matched[ i ] ); + } + } ) : + function( elem ) { + return fn( elem, 0, args ); + }; + } + + return fn; + } + }, + + pseudos: { + + // Potentially complex pseudos + "not": markFunction( function( selector ) { + + // Trim the selector passed to compile + // to avoid treating leading and trailing + // spaces as combinators + var input = [], + results = [], + matcher = compile( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ) ); + + return matcher[ expando ] ? + markFunction( function( seed, matches, _context, xml ) { + var elem, + unmatched = matcher( seed, null, xml, [] ), + i = seed.length; + + // Match elements unmatched by `matcher` + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) { + seed[ i ] = !( matches[ i ] = elem ); + } + } + } ) : + function( elem, _context, xml ) { + input[ 0 ] = elem; + matcher( input, null, xml, results ); + + // Don't keep the element (issue #299) + input[ 0 ] = null; + return !results.pop(); + }; + } ), + + "has": markFunction( function( selector ) { + return function( elem ) { + return Sizzle( selector, elem ).length > 0; + }; + } ), + + "contains": markFunction( function( text ) { + text = text.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return ( elem.textContent || getText( elem ) ).indexOf( text ) > -1; + }; + } ), + + // "Whether an element is represented by a :lang() selector + // is based solely on the element's language value + // being equal to the identifier C, + // or beginning with the identifier C immediately followed by "-". + // The matching of C against the element's language value is performed case-insensitively. + // The identifier C does not have to be a valid language name." + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#lang-pseudo + "lang": markFunction( function( lang ) { + + // lang value must be a valid identifier + if ( !ridentifier.test( lang || "" ) ) { + Sizzle.error( "unsupported lang: " + lang ); + } + lang = lang.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return function( elem ) { + var elemLang; + do { + if ( ( elemLang = documentIsHTML ? + elem.lang : + elem.getAttribute( "xml:lang" ) || elem.getAttribute( "lang" ) ) ) { + + elemLang = elemLang.toLowerCase(); + return elemLang === lang || elemLang.indexOf( lang + "-" ) === 0; + } + } while ( ( elem = elem.parentNode ) && elem.nodeType === 1 ); + return false; + }; + } ), + + // Miscellaneous + "target": function( elem ) { + var hash = window.location && window.location.hash; + return hash && hash.slice( 1 ) === elem.id; + }, + + "root": function( elem ) { + return elem === docElem; + }, + + "focus": function( elem ) { + return elem === document.activeElement && + ( !document.hasFocus || document.hasFocus() ) && + !!( elem.type || elem.href || ~elem.tabIndex ); + }, + + // Boolean properties + "enabled": createDisabledPseudo( false ), + "disabled": createDisabledPseudo( true ), + + "checked": function( elem ) { + + // In CSS3, :checked should return both checked and selected elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + var nodeName = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return ( nodeName === "input" && !!elem.checked ) || + ( nodeName === "option" && !!elem.selected ); + }, + + "selected": function( elem ) { + + // Accessing this property makes selected-by-default + // options in Safari work properly + if ( elem.parentNode ) { + // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions + elem.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + + return elem.selected === true; + }, + + // Contents + "empty": function( elem ) { + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#empty-pseudo + // :empty is negated by element (1) or content nodes (text: 3; cdata: 4; entity ref: 5), + // but not by others (comment: 8; processing instruction: 7; etc.) + // nodeType < 6 works because attributes (2) do not appear as children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + if ( elem.nodeType < 6 ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + }, + + "parent": function( elem ) { + return !Expr.pseudos[ "empty" ]( elem ); + }, + + // Element/input types + "header": function( elem ) { + return rheader.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "input": function( elem ) { + return rinputs.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "button": function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === "button" || name === "button"; + }, + + "text": function( elem ) { + var attr; + return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" && + elem.type === "text" && + + // Support: IE<8 + // New HTML5 attribute values (e.g., "search") appear with elem.type === "text" + ( ( attr = elem.getAttribute( "type" ) ) == null || + attr.toLowerCase() === "text" ); + }, + + // Position-in-collection + "first": createPositionalPseudo( function() { + return [ 0 ]; + } ), + + "last": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length ) { + return [ length - 1 ]; + } ), + + "eq": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + return [ argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument ]; + } ), + + "even": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "odd": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 1; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "lt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? + argument + length : + argument > length ? + length : + argument; + for ( ; --i >= 0; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "gt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument; + for ( ; ++i < length; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ) + } +}; + +Expr.pseudos[ "nth" ] = Expr.pseudos[ "eq" ]; + +// Add button/input type pseudos +for ( i in { radio: true, checkbox: true, file: true, password: true, image: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createInputPseudo( i ); +} +for ( i in { submit: true, reset: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createButtonPseudo( i ); +} + +// Easy API for creating new setFilters +function setFilters() {} +setFilters.prototype = Expr.filters = Expr.pseudos; +Expr.setFilters = new setFilters(); + +tokenize = Sizzle.tokenize = function( selector, parseOnly ) { + var matched, match, tokens, type, + soFar, groups, preFilters, + cached = tokenCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( cached ) { + return parseOnly ? 0 : cached.slice( 0 ); + } + + soFar = selector; + groups = []; + preFilters = Expr.preFilter; + + while ( soFar ) { + + // Comma and first run + if ( !matched || ( match = rcomma.exec( soFar ) ) ) { + if ( match ) { + + // Don't consume trailing commas as valid + soFar = soFar.slice( match[ 0 ].length ) || soFar; + } + groups.push( ( tokens = [] ) ); + } + + matched = false; + + // Combinators + if ( ( match = rcombinators.exec( soFar ) ) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push( { + value: matched, + + // Cast descendant combinators to space + type: match[ 0 ].replace( rtrim, " " ) + } ); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + + // Filters + for ( type in Expr.filter ) { + if ( ( match = matchExpr[ type ].exec( soFar ) ) && ( !preFilters[ type ] || + ( match = preFilters[ type ]( match ) ) ) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push( { + value: matched, + type: type, + matches: match + } ); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + } + + if ( !matched ) { + break; + } + } + + // Return the length of the invalid excess + // if we're just parsing + // Otherwise, throw an error or return tokens + return parseOnly ? + soFar.length : + soFar ? + Sizzle.error( selector ) : + + // Cache the tokens + tokenCache( selector, groups ).slice( 0 ); +}; + +function toSelector( tokens ) { + var i = 0, + len = tokens.length, + selector = ""; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + selector += tokens[ i ].value; + } + return selector; +} + +function addCombinator( matcher, combinator, base ) { + var dir = combinator.dir, + skip = combinator.next, + key = skip || dir, + checkNonElements = base && key === "parentNode", + doneName = done++; + + return combinator.first ? + + // Check against closest ancestor/preceding element + function( elem, context, xml ) { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + return matcher( elem, context, xml ); + } + } + return false; + } : + + // Check against all ancestor/preceding elements + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var oldCache, uniqueCache, outerCache, + newCache = [ dirruns, doneName ]; + + // We can't set arbitrary data on XML nodes, so they don't benefit from combinator caching + if ( xml ) { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } else { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + outerCache = elem[ expando ] || ( elem[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + if ( skip && skip === elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ) { + elem = elem[ dir ] || elem; + } else if ( ( oldCache = uniqueCache[ key ] ) && + oldCache[ 0 ] === dirruns && oldCache[ 1 ] === doneName ) { + + // Assign to newCache so results back-propagate to previous elements + return ( newCache[ 2 ] = oldCache[ 2 ] ); + } else { + + // Reuse newcache so results back-propagate to previous elements + uniqueCache[ key ] = newCache; + + // A match means we're done; a fail means we have to keep checking + if ( ( newCache[ 2 ] = matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } + } + return false; + }; +} + +function elementMatcher( matchers ) { + return matchers.length > 1 ? + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var i = matchers.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !matchers[ i ]( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + } : + matchers[ 0 ]; +} + +function multipleContexts( selector, contexts, results ) { + var i = 0, + len = contexts.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + Sizzle( selector, contexts[ i ], results ); + } + return results; +} + +function condense( unmatched, map, filter, context, xml ) { + var elem, + newUnmatched = [], + i = 0, + len = unmatched.length, + mapped = map != null; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) { + if ( !filter || filter( elem, context, xml ) ) { + newUnmatched.push( elem ); + if ( mapped ) { + map.push( i ); + } + } + } + } + + return newUnmatched; +} + +function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postSelector ) { + if ( postFilter && !postFilter[ expando ] ) { + postFilter = setMatcher( postFilter ); + } + if ( postFinder && !postFinder[ expando ] ) { + postFinder = setMatcher( postFinder, postSelector ); + } + return markFunction( function( seed, results, context, xml ) { + var temp, i, elem, + preMap = [], + postMap = [], + preexisting = results.length, + + // Get initial elements from seed or context + elems = seed || multipleContexts( + selector || "*", + context.nodeType ? [ context ] : context, + [] + ), + + // Prefilter to get matcher input, preserving a map for seed-results synchronization + matcherIn = preFilter && ( seed || !selector ) ? + condense( elems, preMap, preFilter, context, xml ) : + elems, + + matcherOut = matcher ? + + // If we have a postFinder, or filtered seed, or non-seed postFilter or preexisting results, + postFinder || ( seed ? preFilter : preexisting || postFilter ) ? + + // ...intermediate processing is necessary + [] : + + // ...otherwise use results directly + results : + matcherIn; + + // Find primary matches + if ( matcher ) { + matcher( matcherIn, matcherOut, context, xml ); + } + + // Apply postFilter + if ( postFilter ) { + temp = condense( matcherOut, postMap ); + postFilter( temp, [], context, xml ); + + // Un-match failing elements by moving them back to matcherIn + i = temp.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = temp[ i ] ) ) { + matcherOut[ postMap[ i ] ] = !( matcherIn[ postMap[ i ] ] = elem ); + } + } + } + + if ( seed ) { + if ( postFinder || preFilter ) { + if ( postFinder ) { + + // Get the final matcherOut by condensing this intermediate into postFinder contexts + temp = []; + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) ) { + + // Restore matcherIn since elem is not yet a final match + temp.push( ( matcherIn[ i ] = elem ) ); + } + } + postFinder( null, ( matcherOut = [] ), temp, xml ); + } + + // Move matched elements from seed to results to keep them synchronized + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) && + ( temp = postFinder ? indexOf( seed, elem ) : preMap[ i ] ) > -1 ) { + + seed[ temp ] = !( results[ temp ] = elem ); + } + } + } + + // Add elements to results, through postFinder if defined + } else { + matcherOut = condense( + matcherOut === results ? + matcherOut.splice( preexisting, matcherOut.length ) : + matcherOut + ); + if ( postFinder ) { + postFinder( null, results, matcherOut, xml ); + } else { + push.apply( results, matcherOut ); + } + } + } ); +} + +function matcherFromTokens( tokens ) { + var checkContext, matcher, j, + len = tokens.length, + leadingRelative = Expr.relative[ tokens[ 0 ].type ], + implicitRelative = leadingRelative || Expr.relative[ " " ], + i = leadingRelative ? 1 : 0, + + // The foundational matcher ensures that elements are reachable from top-level context(s) + matchContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return elem === checkContext; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchAnyContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return indexOf( checkContext, elem ) > -1; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchers = [ function( elem, context, xml ) { + var ret = ( !leadingRelative && ( xml || context !== outermostContext ) ) || ( + ( checkContext = context ).nodeType ? + matchContext( elem, context, xml ) : + matchAnyContext( elem, context, xml ) ); + + // Avoid hanging onto element (issue #299) + checkContext = null; + return ret; + } ]; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( ( matcher = Expr.relative[ tokens[ i ].type ] ) ) { + matchers = [ addCombinator( elementMatcher( matchers ), matcher ) ]; + } else { + matcher = Expr.filter[ tokens[ i ].type ].apply( null, tokens[ i ].matches ); + + // Return special upon seeing a positional matcher + if ( matcher[ expando ] ) { + + // Find the next relative operator (if any) for proper handling + j = ++i; + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + if ( Expr.relative[ tokens[ j ].type ] ) { + break; + } + } + return setMatcher( + i > 1 && elementMatcher( matchers ), + i > 1 && toSelector( + + // If the preceding token was a descendant combinator, insert an implicit any-element `*` + tokens + .slice( 0, i - 1 ) + .concat( { value: tokens[ i - 2 ].type === " " ? "*" : "" } ) + ).replace( rtrim, "$1" ), + matcher, + i < j && matcherFromTokens( tokens.slice( i, j ) ), + j < len && matcherFromTokens( ( tokens = tokens.slice( j ) ) ), + j < len && toSelector( tokens ) + ); + } + matchers.push( matcher ); + } + } + + return elementMatcher( matchers ); +} + +function matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) { + var bySet = setMatchers.length > 0, + byElement = elementMatchers.length > 0, + superMatcher = function( seed, context, xml, results, outermost ) { + var elem, j, matcher, + matchedCount = 0, + i = "0", + unmatched = seed && [], + setMatched = [], + contextBackup = outermostContext, + + // We must always have either seed elements or outermost context + elems = seed || byElement && Expr.find[ "TAG" ]( "*", outermost ), + + // Use integer dirruns iff this is the outermost matcher + dirrunsUnique = ( dirruns += contextBackup == null ? 1 : Math.random() || 0.1 ), + len = elems.length; + + if ( outermost ) { + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + outermostContext = context == document || context || outermost; + } + + // Add elements passing elementMatchers directly to results + // Support: IE<9, Safari + // Tolerate NodeList properties (IE: "length"; Safari: ) matching elements by id + for ( ; i !== len && ( elem = elems[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( byElement && elem ) { + j = 0; + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( !context && elem.ownerDocument != document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + xml = !documentIsHTML; + } + while ( ( matcher = elementMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context || document, xml ) ) { + results.push( elem ); + break; + } + } + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + } + } + + // Track unmatched elements for set filters + if ( bySet ) { + + // They will have gone through all possible matchers + if ( ( elem = !matcher && elem ) ) { + matchedCount--; + } + + // Lengthen the array for every element, matched or not + if ( seed ) { + unmatched.push( elem ); + } + } + } + + // `i` is now the count of elements visited above, and adding it to `matchedCount` + // makes the latter nonnegative. + matchedCount += i; + + // Apply set filters to unmatched elements + // NOTE: This can be skipped if there are no unmatched elements (i.e., `matchedCount` + // equals `i`), unless we didn't visit _any_ elements in the above loop because we have + // no element matchers and no seed. + // Incrementing an initially-string "0" `i` allows `i` to remain a string only in that + // case, which will result in a "00" `matchedCount` that differs from `i` but is also + // numerically zero. + if ( bySet && i !== matchedCount ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( matcher = setMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) { + matcher( unmatched, setMatched, context, xml ); + } + + if ( seed ) { + + // Reintegrate element matches to eliminate the need for sorting + if ( matchedCount > 0 ) { + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !( unmatched[ i ] || setMatched[ i ] ) ) { + setMatched[ i ] = pop.call( results ); + } + } + } + + // Discard index placeholder values to get only actual matches + setMatched = condense( setMatched ); + } + + // Add matches to results + push.apply( results, setMatched ); + + // Seedless set matches succeeding multiple successful matchers stipulate sorting + if ( outermost && !seed && setMatched.length > 0 && + ( matchedCount + setMatchers.length ) > 1 ) { + + Sizzle.uniqueSort( results ); + } + } + + // Override manipulation of globals by nested matchers + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + outermostContext = contextBackup; + } + + return unmatched; + }; + + return bySet ? + markFunction( superMatcher ) : + superMatcher; +} + +compile = Sizzle.compile = function( selector, match /* Internal Use Only */ ) { + var i, + setMatchers = [], + elementMatchers = [], + cached = compilerCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( !cached ) { + + // Generate a function of recursive functions that can be used to check each element + if ( !match ) { + match = tokenize( selector ); + } + i = match.length; + while ( i-- ) { + cached = matcherFromTokens( match[ i ] ); + if ( cached[ expando ] ) { + setMatchers.push( cached ); + } else { + elementMatchers.push( cached ); + } + } + + // Cache the compiled function + cached = compilerCache( + selector, + matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) + ); + + // Save selector and tokenization + cached.selector = selector; + } + return cached; +}; + +/** + * A low-level selection function that works with Sizzle's compiled + * selector functions + * @param {String|Function} selector A selector or a pre-compiled + * selector function built with Sizzle.compile + * @param {Element} context + * @param {Array} [results] + * @param {Array} [seed] A set of elements to match against + */ +select = Sizzle.select = function( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var i, tokens, token, type, find, + compiled = typeof selector === "function" && selector, + match = !seed && tokenize( ( selector = compiled.selector || selector ) ); + + results = results || []; + + // Try to minimize operations if there is only one selector in the list and no seed + // (the latter of which guarantees us context) + if ( match.length === 1 ) { + + // Reduce context if the leading compound selector is an ID + tokens = match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0 ); + if ( tokens.length > 2 && ( token = tokens[ 0 ] ).type === "ID" && + context.nodeType === 9 && documentIsHTML && Expr.relative[ tokens[ 1 ].type ] ) { + + context = ( Expr.find[ "ID" ]( token.matches[ 0 ] + .replace( runescape, funescape ), context ) || [] )[ 0 ]; + if ( !context ) { + return results; + + // Precompiled matchers will still verify ancestry, so step up a level + } else if ( compiled ) { + context = context.parentNode; + } + + selector = selector.slice( tokens.shift().value.length ); + } + + // Fetch a seed set for right-to-left matching + i = matchExpr[ "needsContext" ].test( selector ) ? 0 : tokens.length; + while ( i-- ) { + token = tokens[ i ]; + + // Abort if we hit a combinator + if ( Expr.relative[ ( type = token.type ) ] ) { + break; + } + if ( ( find = Expr.find[ type ] ) ) { + + // Search, expanding context for leading sibling combinators + if ( ( seed = find( + token.matches[ 0 ].replace( runescape, funescape ), + rsibling.test( tokens[ 0 ].type ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context + ) ) ) { + + // If seed is empty or no tokens remain, we can return early + tokens.splice( i, 1 ); + selector = seed.length && toSelector( tokens ); + if ( !selector ) { + push.apply( results, seed ); + return results; + } + + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Compile and execute a filtering function if one is not provided + // Provide `match` to avoid retokenization if we modified the selector above + ( compiled || compile( selector, match ) )( + seed, + context, + !documentIsHTML, + results, + !context || rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || context + ); + return results; +}; + +// One-time assignments + +// Sort stability +support.sortStable = expando.split( "" ).sort( sortOrder ).join( "" ) === expando; + +// Support: Chrome 14-35+ +// Always assume duplicates if they aren't passed to the comparison function +support.detectDuplicates = !!hasDuplicate; + +// Initialize against the default document +setDocument(); + +// Support: Webkit<537.32 - Safari 6.0.3/Chrome 25 (fixed in Chrome 27) +// Detached nodes confoundingly follow *each other* +support.sortDetached = assert( function( el ) { + + // Should return 1, but returns 4 (following) + return el.compareDocumentPosition( document.createElement( "fieldset" ) ) & 1; +} ); + +// Support: IE<8 +// Prevent attribute/property "interpolation" +// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx +if ( !assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "href" ) === "#"; +} ) ) { + addHandle( "type|href|height|width", function( elem, name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem.getAttribute( name, name.toLowerCase() === "type" ? 1 : 2 ); + } + } ); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use defaultValue in place of getAttribute("value") +if ( !support.attributes || !assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + el.firstChild.setAttribute( "value", "" ); + return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "value" ) === ""; +} ) ) { + addHandle( "value", function( elem, _name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" ) { + return elem.defaultValue; + } + } ); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use getAttributeNode to fetch booleans when getAttribute lies +if ( !assert( function( el ) { + return el.getAttribute( "disabled" ) == null; +} ) ) { + addHandle( booleans, function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var val; + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem[ name ] === true ? name.toLowerCase() : + ( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; + } + } ); +} + +return Sizzle; + +} )( window ); + + + +jQuery.find = Sizzle; +jQuery.expr = Sizzle.selectors; + +// Deprecated +jQuery.expr[ ":" ] = jQuery.expr.pseudos; +jQuery.uniqueSort = jQuery.unique = Sizzle.uniqueSort; +jQuery.text = Sizzle.getText; +jQuery.isXMLDoc = Sizzle.isXML; +jQuery.contains = Sizzle.contains; +jQuery.escapeSelector = Sizzle.escape; + + + + +var dir = function( elem, dir, until ) { + var matched = [], + truncate = until !== undefined; + + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) && elem.nodeType !== 9 ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + if ( truncate && jQuery( elem ).is( until ) ) { + break; + } + matched.push( elem ); + } + } + return matched; +}; + + +var siblings = function( n, elem ) { + var matched = []; + + for ( ; n; n = n.nextSibling ) { + if ( n.nodeType === 1 && n !== elem ) { + matched.push( n ); + } + } + + return matched; +}; + + +var rneedsContext = jQuery.expr.match.needsContext; + + + +function nodeName( elem, name ) { + + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase(); + +} +var rsingleTag = ( /^<([a-z][^\/\0>:\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[\x20\t\r\n\f]*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/i ); + + + +// Implement the identical functionality for filter and not +function winnow( elements, qualifier, not ) { + if ( isFunction( qualifier ) ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem, i ) { + return !!qualifier.call( elem, i, elem ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Single element + if ( qualifier.nodeType ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( elem === qualifier ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Arraylike of elements (jQuery, arguments, Array) + if ( typeof qualifier !== "string" ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( indexOf.call( qualifier, elem ) > -1 ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Filtered directly for both simple and complex selectors + return jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements, not ); +} + +jQuery.filter = function( expr, elems, not ) { + var elem = elems[ 0 ]; + + if ( not ) { + expr = ":not(" + expr + ")"; + } + + if ( elems.length === 1 && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return jQuery.find.matchesSelector( elem, expr ) ? [ elem ] : []; + } + + return jQuery.find.matches( expr, jQuery.grep( elems, function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeType === 1; + } ) ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + find: function( selector ) { + var i, ret, + len = this.length, + self = this; + + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery( selector ).filter( function() { + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( self[ i ], this ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ) ); + } + + ret = this.pushStack( [] ); + + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + jQuery.find( selector, self[ i ], ret ); + } + + return len > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( ret ) : ret; + }, + filter: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], false ) ); + }, + not: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], true ) ); + }, + is: function( selector ) { + return !!winnow( + this, + + // If this is a positional/relative selector, check membership in the returned set + // so $("p:first").is("p:last") won't return true for a doc with two "p". + typeof selector === "string" && rneedsContext.test( selector ) ? + jQuery( selector ) : + selector || [], + false + ).length; + } +} ); + + +// Initialize a jQuery object + + +// A central reference to the root jQuery(document) +var rootjQuery, + + // A simple way to check for HTML strings + // Prioritize #id over to avoid XSS via location.hash (#9521) + // Strict HTML recognition (#11290: must start with <) + // Shortcut simple #id case for speed + rquickExpr = /^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]+))$/, + + init = jQuery.fn.init = function( selector, context, root ) { + var match, elem; + + // HANDLE: $(""), $(null), $(undefined), $(false) + if ( !selector ) { + return this; + } + + // Method init() accepts an alternate rootjQuery + // so migrate can support jQuery.sub (gh-2101) + root = root || rootjQuery; + + // Handle HTML strings + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + if ( selector[ 0 ] === "<" && + selector[ selector.length - 1 ] === ">" && + selector.length >= 3 ) { + + // Assume that strings that start and end with <> are HTML and skip the regex check + match = [ null, selector, null ]; + + } else { + match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ); + } + + // Match html or make sure no context is specified for #id + if ( match && ( match[ 1 ] || !context ) ) { + + // HANDLE: $(html) -> $(array) + if ( match[ 1 ] ) { + context = context instanceof jQuery ? context[ 0 ] : context; + + // Option to run scripts is true for back-compat + // Intentionally let the error be thrown if parseHTML is not present + jQuery.merge( this, jQuery.parseHTML( + match[ 1 ], + context && context.nodeType ? context.ownerDocument || context : document, + true + ) ); + + // HANDLE: $(html, props) + if ( rsingleTag.test( match[ 1 ] ) && jQuery.isPlainObject( context ) ) { + for ( match in context ) { + + // Properties of context are called as methods if possible + if ( isFunction( this[ match ] ) ) { + this[ match ]( context[ match ] ); + + // ...and otherwise set as attributes + } else { + this.attr( match, context[ match ] ); + } + } + } + + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(#id) + } else { + elem = document.getElementById( match[ 2 ] ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Inject the element directly into the jQuery object + this[ 0 ] = elem; + this.length = 1; + } + return this; + } + + // HANDLE: $(expr, $(...)) + } else if ( !context || context.jquery ) { + return ( context || root ).find( selector ); + + // HANDLE: $(expr, context) + // (which is just equivalent to: $(context).find(expr) + } else { + return this.constructor( context ).find( selector ); + } + + // HANDLE: $(DOMElement) + } else if ( selector.nodeType ) { + this[ 0 ] = selector; + this.length = 1; + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(function) + // Shortcut for document ready + } else if ( isFunction( selector ) ) { + return root.ready !== undefined ? + root.ready( selector ) : + + // Execute immediately if ready is not present + selector( jQuery ); + } + + return jQuery.makeArray( selector, this ); + }; + +// Give the init function the jQuery prototype for later instantiation +init.prototype = jQuery.fn; + +// Initialize central reference +rootjQuery = jQuery( document ); + + +var rparentsprev = /^(?:parents|prev(?:Until|All))/, + + // Methods guaranteed to produce a unique set when starting from a unique set + guaranteedUnique = { + children: true, + contents: true, + next: true, + prev: true + }; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + has: function( target ) { + var targets = jQuery( target, this ), + l = targets.length; + + return this.filter( function() { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( this, targets[ i ] ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ); + }, + + closest: function( selectors, context ) { + var cur, + i = 0, + l = this.length, + matched = [], + targets = typeof selectors !== "string" && jQuery( selectors ); + + // Positional selectors never match, since there's no _selection_ context + if ( !rneedsContext.test( selectors ) ) { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + for ( cur = this[ i ]; cur && cur !== context; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + + // Always skip document fragments + if ( cur.nodeType < 11 && ( targets ? + targets.index( cur ) > -1 : + + // Don't pass non-elements to Sizzle + cur.nodeType === 1 && + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( cur, selectors ) ) ) { + + matched.push( cur ); + break; + } + } + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched.length > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ) : matched ); + }, + + // Determine the position of an element within the set + index: function( elem ) { + + // No argument, return index in parent + if ( !elem ) { + return ( this[ 0 ] && this[ 0 ].parentNode ) ? this.first().prevAll().length : -1; + } + + // Index in selector + if ( typeof elem === "string" ) { + return indexOf.call( jQuery( elem ), this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // Locate the position of the desired element + return indexOf.call( this, + + // If it receives a jQuery object, the first element is used + elem.jquery ? elem[ 0 ] : elem + ); + }, + + add: function( selector, context ) { + return this.pushStack( + jQuery.uniqueSort( + jQuery.merge( this.get(), jQuery( selector, context ) ) + ) + ); + }, + + addBack: function( selector ) { + return this.add( selector == null ? + this.prevObject : this.prevObject.filter( selector ) + ); + } +} ); + +function sibling( cur, dir ) { + while ( ( cur = cur[ dir ] ) && cur.nodeType !== 1 ) {} + return cur; +} + +jQuery.each( { + parent: function( elem ) { + var parent = elem.parentNode; + return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null; + }, + parents: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode" ); + }, + parentsUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode", until ); + }, + next: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prev: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prevAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling", until ); + }, + prevUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling", until ); + }, + siblings: function( elem ) { + return siblings( ( elem.parentNode || {} ).firstChild, elem ); + }, + children: function( elem ) { + return siblings( elem.firstChild ); + }, + contents: function( elem ) { + if ( elem.contentDocument != null && + + // Support: IE 11+ + // elements with no `data` attribute has an object + // `contentDocument` with a `null` prototype. + getProto( elem.contentDocument ) ) { + + return elem.contentDocument; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only, iOS 7 only, Android Browser <=4.3 only + // Treat the template element as a regular one in browsers that + // don't support it. + if ( nodeName( elem, "template" ) ) { + elem = elem.content || elem; + } + + return jQuery.merge( [], elem.childNodes ); + } +}, function( name, fn ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( until, selector ) { + var matched = jQuery.map( this, fn, until ); + + if ( name.slice( -5 ) !== "Until" ) { + selector = until; + } + + if ( selector && typeof selector === "string" ) { + matched = jQuery.filter( selector, matched ); + } + + if ( this.length > 1 ) { + + // Remove duplicates + if ( !guaranteedUnique[ name ] ) { + jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ); + } + + // Reverse order for parents* and prev-derivatives + if ( rparentsprev.test( name ) ) { + matched.reverse(); + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched ); + }; +} ); +var rnothtmlwhite = ( /[^\x20\t\r\n\f]+/g ); + + + +// Convert String-formatted options into Object-formatted ones +function createOptions( options ) { + var object = {}; + jQuery.each( options.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [], function( _, flag ) { + object[ flag ] = true; + } ); + return object; +} + +/* + * Create a callback list using the following parameters: + * + * options: an optional list of space-separated options that will change how + * the callback list behaves or a more traditional option object + * + * By default a callback list will act like an event callback list and can be + * "fired" multiple times. + * + * Possible options: + * + * once: will ensure the callback list can only be fired once (like a Deferred) + * + * memory: will keep track of previous values and will call any callback added + * after the list has been fired right away with the latest "memorized" + * values (like a Deferred) + * + * unique: will ensure a callback can only be added once (no duplicate in the list) + * + * stopOnFalse: interrupt callings when a callback returns false + * + */ +jQuery.Callbacks = function( options ) { + + // Convert options from String-formatted to Object-formatted if needed + // (we check in cache first) + options = typeof options === "string" ? + createOptions( options ) : + jQuery.extend( {}, options ); + + var // Flag to know if list is currently firing + firing, + + // Last fire value for non-forgettable lists + memory, + + // Flag to know if list was already fired + fired, + + // Flag to prevent firing + locked, + + // Actual callback list + list = [], + + // Queue of execution data for repeatable lists + queue = [], + + // Index of currently firing callback (modified by add/remove as needed) + firingIndex = -1, + + // Fire callbacks + fire = function() { + + // Enforce single-firing + locked = locked || options.once; + + // Execute callbacks for all pending executions, + // respecting firingIndex overrides and runtime changes + fired = firing = true; + for ( ; queue.length; firingIndex = -1 ) { + memory = queue.shift(); + while ( ++firingIndex < list.length ) { + + // Run callback and check for early termination + if ( list[ firingIndex ].apply( memory[ 0 ], memory[ 1 ] ) === false && + options.stopOnFalse ) { + + // Jump to end and forget the data so .add doesn't re-fire + firingIndex = list.length; + memory = false; + } + } + } + + // Forget the data if we're done with it + if ( !options.memory ) { + memory = false; + } + + firing = false; + + // Clean up if we're done firing for good + if ( locked ) { + + // Keep an empty list if we have data for future add calls + if ( memory ) { + list = []; + + // Otherwise, this object is spent + } else { + list = ""; + } + } + }, + + // Actual Callbacks object + self = { + + // Add a callback or a collection of callbacks to the list + add: function() { + if ( list ) { + + // If we have memory from a past run, we should fire after adding + if ( memory && !firing ) { + firingIndex = list.length - 1; + queue.push( memory ); + } + + ( function add( args ) { + jQuery.each( args, function( _, arg ) { + if ( isFunction( arg ) ) { + if ( !options.unique || !self.has( arg ) ) { + list.push( arg ); + } + } else if ( arg && arg.length && toType( arg ) !== "string" ) { + + // Inspect recursively + add( arg ); + } + } ); + } )( arguments ); + + if ( memory && !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Remove a callback from the list + remove: function() { + jQuery.each( arguments, function( _, arg ) { + var index; + while ( ( index = jQuery.inArray( arg, list, index ) ) > -1 ) { + list.splice( index, 1 ); + + // Handle firing indexes + if ( index <= firingIndex ) { + firingIndex--; + } + } + } ); + return this; + }, + + // Check if a given callback is in the list. + // If no argument is given, return whether or not list has callbacks attached. + has: function( fn ) { + return fn ? + jQuery.inArray( fn, list ) > -1 : + list.length > 0; + }, + + // Remove all callbacks from the list + empty: function() { + if ( list ) { + list = []; + } + return this; + }, + + // Disable .fire and .add + // Abort any current/pending executions + // Clear all callbacks and values + disable: function() { + locked = queue = []; + list = memory = ""; + return this; + }, + disabled: function() { + return !list; + }, + + // Disable .fire + // Also disable .add unless we have memory (since it would have no effect) + // Abort any pending executions + lock: function() { + locked = queue = []; + if ( !memory && !firing ) { + list = memory = ""; + } + return this; + }, + locked: function() { + return !!locked; + }, + + // Call all callbacks with the given context and arguments + fireWith: function( context, args ) { + if ( !locked ) { + args = args || []; + args = [ context, args.slice ? args.slice() : args ]; + queue.push( args ); + if ( !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Call all the callbacks with the given arguments + fire: function() { + self.fireWith( this, arguments ); + return this; + }, + + // To know if the callbacks have already been called at least once + fired: function() { + return !!fired; + } + }; + + return self; +}; + + +function Identity( v ) { + return v; +} +function Thrower( ex ) { + throw ex; +} + +function adoptValue( value, resolve, reject, noValue ) { + var method; + + try { + + // Check for promise aspect first to privilege synchronous behavior + if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.promise ) ) ) { + method.call( value ).done( resolve ).fail( reject ); + + // Other thenables + } else if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.then ) ) ) { + method.call( value, resolve, reject ); + + // Other non-thenables + } else { + + // Control `resolve` arguments by letting Array#slice cast boolean `noValue` to integer: + // * false: [ value ].slice( 0 ) => resolve( value ) + // * true: [ value ].slice( 1 ) => resolve() + resolve.apply( undefined, [ value ].slice( noValue ) ); + } + + // For Promises/A+, convert exceptions into rejections + // Since jQuery.when doesn't unwrap thenables, we can skip the extra checks appearing in + // Deferred#then to conditionally suppress rejection. + } catch ( value ) { + + // Support: Android 4.0 only + // Strict mode functions invoked without .call/.apply get global-object context + reject.apply( undefined, [ value ] ); + } +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + Deferred: function( func ) { + var tuples = [ + + // action, add listener, callbacks, + // ... .then handlers, argument index, [final state] + [ "notify", "progress", jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), 2 ], + [ "resolve", "done", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 0, "resolved" ], + [ "reject", "fail", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 1, "rejected" ] + ], + state = "pending", + promise = { + state: function() { + return state; + }, + always: function() { + deferred.done( arguments ).fail( arguments ); + return this; + }, + "catch": function( fn ) { + return promise.then( null, fn ); + }, + + // Keep pipe for back-compat + pipe: function( /* fnDone, fnFail, fnProgress */ ) { + var fns = arguments; + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + jQuery.each( tuples, function( _i, tuple ) { + + // Map tuples (progress, done, fail) to arguments (done, fail, progress) + var fn = isFunction( fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ] ) && fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ]; + + // deferred.progress(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.notify }) + // deferred.done(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.resolve }) + // deferred.fail(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.reject }) + deferred[ tuple[ 1 ] ]( function() { + var returned = fn && fn.apply( this, arguments ); + if ( returned && isFunction( returned.promise ) ) { + returned.promise() + .progress( newDefer.notify ) + .done( newDefer.resolve ) + .fail( newDefer.reject ); + } else { + newDefer[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( + this, + fn ? [ returned ] : arguments + ); + } + } ); + } ); + fns = null; + } ).promise(); + }, + then: function( onFulfilled, onRejected, onProgress ) { + var maxDepth = 0; + function resolve( depth, deferred, handler, special ) { + return function() { + var that = this, + args = arguments, + mightThrow = function() { + var returned, then; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.3 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-59 + // Ignore double-resolution attempts + if ( depth < maxDepth ) { + return; + } + + returned = handler.apply( that, args ); + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-48 + if ( returned === deferred.promise() ) { + throw new TypeError( "Thenable self-resolution" ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ sections 2.3.3.1, 3.5 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-54 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-75 + // Retrieve `then` only once + then = returned && + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.4 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-64 + // Only check objects and functions for thenability + ( typeof returned === "object" || + typeof returned === "function" ) && + returned.then; + + // Handle a returned thenable + if ( isFunction( then ) ) { + + // Special processors (notify) just wait for resolution + if ( special ) { + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ) + ); + + // Normal processors (resolve) also hook into progress + } else { + + // ...and disregard older resolution values + maxDepth++; + + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, + deferred.notifyWith ) + ); + } + + // Handle all other returned values + } else { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Identity ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ returned ]; + } + + // Process the value(s) + // Default process is resolve + ( special || deferred.resolveWith )( that, args ); + } + }, + + // Only normal processors (resolve) catch and reject exceptions + process = special ? + mightThrow : + function() { + try { + mightThrow(); + } catch ( e ) { + + if ( jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook ) { + jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook( e, + process.stackTrace ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.4.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-61 + // Ignore post-resolution exceptions + if ( depth + 1 >= maxDepth ) { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Thrower ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ e ]; + } + + deferred.rejectWith( that, args ); + } + } + }; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-57 + // Re-resolve promises immediately to dodge false rejection from + // subsequent errors + if ( depth ) { + process(); + } else { + + // Call an optional hook to record the stack, in case of exception + // since it's otherwise lost when execution goes async + if ( jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook ) { + process.stackTrace = jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook(); + } + window.setTimeout( process ); + } + }; + } + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + + // progress_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onProgress ) ? + onProgress : + Identity, + newDefer.notifyWith + ) + ); + + // fulfilled_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 1 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onFulfilled ) ? + onFulfilled : + Identity + ) + ); + + // rejected_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 2 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onRejected ) ? + onRejected : + Thrower + ) + ); + } ).promise(); + }, + + // Get a promise for this deferred + // If obj is provided, the promise aspect is added to the object + promise: function( obj ) { + return obj != null ? jQuery.extend( obj, promise ) : promise; + } + }, + deferred = {}; + + // Add list-specific methods + jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) { + var list = tuple[ 2 ], + stateString = tuple[ 5 ]; + + // promise.progress = list.add + // promise.done = list.add + // promise.fail = list.add + promise[ tuple[ 1 ] ] = list.add; + + // Handle state + if ( stateString ) { + list.add( + function() { + + // state = "resolved" (i.e., fulfilled) + // state = "rejected" + state = stateString; + }, + + // rejected_callbacks.disable + // fulfilled_callbacks.disable + tuples[ 3 - i ][ 2 ].disable, + + // rejected_handlers.disable + // fulfilled_handlers.disable + tuples[ 3 - i ][ 3 ].disable, + + // progress_callbacks.lock + tuples[ 0 ][ 2 ].lock, + + // progress_handlers.lock + tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].lock + ); + } + + // progress_handlers.fire + // fulfilled_handlers.fire + // rejected_handlers.fire + list.add( tuple[ 3 ].fire ); + + // deferred.notify = function() { deferred.notifyWith(...) } + // deferred.resolve = function() { deferred.resolveWith(...) } + // deferred.reject = function() { deferred.rejectWith(...) } + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] ] = function() { + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( this === deferred ? undefined : this, arguments ); + return this; + }; + + // deferred.notifyWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.resolveWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.rejectWith = list.fireWith + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ] = list.fireWith; + } ); + + // Make the deferred a promise + promise.promise( deferred ); + + // Call given func if any + if ( func ) { + func.call( deferred, deferred ); + } + + // All done! + return deferred; + }, + + // Deferred helper + when: function( singleValue ) { + var + + // count of uncompleted subordinates + remaining = arguments.length, + + // count of unprocessed arguments + i = remaining, + + // subordinate fulfillment data + resolveContexts = Array( i ), + resolveValues = slice.call( arguments ), + + // the primary Deferred + primary = jQuery.Deferred(), + + // subordinate callback factory + updateFunc = function( i ) { + return function( value ) { + resolveContexts[ i ] = this; + resolveValues[ i ] = arguments.length > 1 ? slice.call( arguments ) : value; + if ( !( --remaining ) ) { + primary.resolveWith( resolveContexts, resolveValues ); + } + }; + }; + + // Single- and empty arguments are adopted like Promise.resolve + if ( remaining <= 1 ) { + adoptValue( singleValue, primary.done( updateFunc( i ) ).resolve, primary.reject, + !remaining ); + + // Use .then() to unwrap secondary thenables (cf. gh-3000) + if ( primary.state() === "pending" || + isFunction( resolveValues[ i ] && resolveValues[ i ].then ) ) { + + return primary.then(); + } + } + + // Multiple arguments are aggregated like Promise.all array elements + while ( i-- ) { + adoptValue( resolveValues[ i ], updateFunc( i ), primary.reject ); + } + + return primary.promise(); + } +} ); + + +// These usually indicate a programmer mistake during development, +// warn about them ASAP rather than swallowing them by default. +var rerrorNames = /^(Eval|Internal|Range|Reference|Syntax|Type|URI)Error$/; + +jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook = function( error, stack ) { + + // Support: IE 8 - 9 only + // Console exists when dev tools are open, which can happen at any time + if ( window.console && window.console.warn && error && rerrorNames.test( error.name ) ) { + window.console.warn( "jQuery.Deferred exception: " + error.message, error.stack, stack ); + } +}; + + + + +jQuery.readyException = function( error ) { + window.setTimeout( function() { + throw error; + } ); +}; + + + + +// The deferred used on DOM ready +var readyList = jQuery.Deferred(); + +jQuery.fn.ready = function( fn ) { + + readyList + .then( fn ) + + // Wrap jQuery.readyException in a function so that the lookup + // happens at the time of error handling instead of callback + // registration. + .catch( function( error ) { + jQuery.readyException( error ); + } ); + + return this; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs. + isReady: false, + + // A counter to track how many items to wait for before + // the ready event fires. See #6781 + readyWait: 1, + + // Handle when the DOM is ready + ready: function( wait ) { + + // Abort if there are pending holds or we're already ready + if ( wait === true ? --jQuery.readyWait : jQuery.isReady ) { + return; + } + + // Remember that the DOM is ready + jQuery.isReady = true; + + // If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be + if ( wait !== true && --jQuery.readyWait > 0 ) { + return; + } + + // If there are functions bound, to execute + readyList.resolveWith( document, [ jQuery ] ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.ready.then = readyList.then; + +// The ready event handler and self cleanup method +function completed() { + document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + window.removeEventListener( "load", completed ); + jQuery.ready(); +} + +// Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called +// after the browser event has already occurred. +// Support: IE <=9 - 10 only +// Older IE sometimes signals "interactive" too soon +if ( document.readyState === "complete" || + ( document.readyState !== "loading" && !document.documentElement.doScroll ) ) { + + // Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready + window.setTimeout( jQuery.ready ); + +} else { + + // Use the handy event callback + document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + + // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work + window.addEventListener( "load", completed ); +} + + + + +// Multifunctional method to get and set values of a collection +// The value/s can optionally be executed if it's a function +var access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) { + var i = 0, + len = elems.length, + bulk = key == null; + + // Sets many values + if ( toType( key ) === "object" ) { + chainable = true; + for ( i in key ) { + access( elems, fn, i, key[ i ], true, emptyGet, raw ); + } + + // Sets one value + } else if ( value !== undefined ) { + chainable = true; + + if ( !isFunction( value ) ) { + raw = true; + } + + if ( bulk ) { + + // Bulk operations run against the entire set + if ( raw ) { + fn.call( elems, value ); + fn = null; + + // ...except when executing function values + } else { + bulk = fn; + fn = function( elem, _key, value ) { + return bulk.call( jQuery( elem ), value ); + }; + } + } + + if ( fn ) { + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + fn( + elems[ i ], key, raw ? + value : + value.call( elems[ i ], i, fn( elems[ i ], key ) ) + ); + } + } + } + + if ( chainable ) { + return elems; + } + + // Gets + if ( bulk ) { + return fn.call( elems ); + } + + return len ? fn( elems[ 0 ], key ) : emptyGet; +}; + + +// Matches dashed string for camelizing +var rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/, + rdashAlpha = /-([a-z])/g; + +// Used by camelCase as callback to replace() +function fcamelCase( _all, letter ) { + return letter.toUpperCase(); +} + +// Convert dashed to camelCase; used by the css and data modules +// Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 +// Microsoft forgot to hump their vendor prefix (#9572) +function camelCase( string ) { + return string.replace( rmsPrefix, "ms-" ).replace( rdashAlpha, fcamelCase ); +} +var acceptData = function( owner ) { + + // Accepts only: + // - Node + // - Node.ELEMENT_NODE + // - Node.DOCUMENT_NODE + // - Object + // - Any + return owner.nodeType === 1 || owner.nodeType === 9 || !( +owner.nodeType ); +}; + + + + +function Data() { + this.expando = jQuery.expando + Data.uid++; +} + +Data.uid = 1; + +Data.prototype = { + + cache: function( owner ) { + + // Check if the owner object already has a cache + var value = owner[ this.expando ]; + + // If not, create one + if ( !value ) { + value = {}; + + // We can accept data for non-element nodes in modern browsers, + // but we should not, see #8335. + // Always return an empty object. + if ( acceptData( owner ) ) { + + // If it is a node unlikely to be stringify-ed or looped over + // use plain assignment + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = value; + + // Otherwise secure it in a non-enumerable property + // configurable must be true to allow the property to be + // deleted when data is removed + } else { + Object.defineProperty( owner, this.expando, { + value: value, + configurable: true + } ); + } + } + } + + return value; + }, + set: function( owner, data, value ) { + var prop, + cache = this.cache( owner ); + + // Handle: [ owner, key, value ] args + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + cache[ camelCase( data ) ] = value; + + // Handle: [ owner, { properties } ] args + } else { + + // Copy the properties one-by-one to the cache object + for ( prop in data ) { + cache[ camelCase( prop ) ] = data[ prop ]; + } + } + return cache; + }, + get: function( owner, key ) { + return key === undefined ? + this.cache( owner ) : + + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + owner[ this.expando ] && owner[ this.expando ][ camelCase( key ) ]; + }, + access: function( owner, key, value ) { + + // In cases where either: + // + // 1. No key was specified + // 2. A string key was specified, but no value provided + // + // Take the "read" path and allow the get method to determine + // which value to return, respectively either: + // + // 1. The entire cache object + // 2. The data stored at the key + // + if ( key === undefined || + ( ( key && typeof key === "string" ) && value === undefined ) ) { + + return this.get( owner, key ); + } + + // When the key is not a string, or both a key and value + // are specified, set or extend (existing objects) with either: + // + // 1. An object of properties + // 2. A key and value + // + this.set( owner, key, value ); + + // Since the "set" path can have two possible entry points + // return the expected data based on which path was taken[*] + return value !== undefined ? value : key; + }, + remove: function( owner, key ) { + var i, + cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + + if ( cache === undefined ) { + return; + } + + if ( key !== undefined ) { + + // Support array or space separated string of keys + if ( Array.isArray( key ) ) { + + // If key is an array of keys... + // We always set camelCase keys, so remove that. + key = key.map( camelCase ); + } else { + key = camelCase( key ); + + // If a key with the spaces exists, use it. + // Otherwise, create an array by matching non-whitespace + key = key in cache ? + [ key ] : + ( key.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [] ); + } + + i = key.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + delete cache[ key[ i ] ]; + } + } + + // Remove the expando if there's no more data + if ( key === undefined || jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ) ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45 + // Webkit & Blink performance suffers when deleting properties + // from DOM nodes, so set to undefined instead + // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=378607 (bug restricted) + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = undefined; + } else { + delete owner[ this.expando ]; + } + } + }, + hasData: function( owner ) { + var cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + return cache !== undefined && !jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ); + } +}; +var dataPriv = new Data(); + +var dataUser = new Data(); + + + +// Implementation Summary +// +// 1. Enforce API surface and semantic compatibility with 1.9.x branch +// 2. Improve the module's maintainability by reducing the storage +// paths to a single mechanism. +// 3. Use the same single mechanism to support "private" and "user" data. +// 4. _Never_ expose "private" data to user code (TODO: Drop _data, _removeData) +// 5. Avoid exposing implementation details on user objects (eg. expando properties) +// 6. Provide a clear path for implementation upgrade to WeakMap in 2014 + +var rbrace = /^(?:\{[\w\W]*\}|\[[\w\W]*\])$/, + rmultiDash = /[A-Z]/g; + +function getData( data ) { + if ( data === "true" ) { + return true; + } + + if ( data === "false" ) { + return false; + } + + if ( data === "null" ) { + return null; + } + + // Only convert to a number if it doesn't change the string + if ( data === +data + "" ) { + return +data; + } + + if ( rbrace.test( data ) ) { + return JSON.parse( data ); + } + + return data; +} + +function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) { + var name; + + // If nothing was found internally, try to fetch any + // data from the HTML5 data-* attribute + if ( data === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + name = "data-" + key.replace( rmultiDash, "-$&" ).toLowerCase(); + data = elem.getAttribute( name ); + + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + try { + data = getData( data ); + } catch ( e ) {} + + // Make sure we set the data so it isn't changed later + dataUser.set( elem, key, data ); + } else { + data = undefined; + } + } + return data; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + hasData: function( elem ) { + return dataUser.hasData( elem ) || dataPriv.hasData( elem ); + }, + + data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataUser.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataUser.remove( elem, name ); + }, + + // TODO: Now that all calls to _data and _removeData have been replaced + // with direct calls to dataPriv methods, these can be deprecated. + _data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataPriv.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + _removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, name ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + data: function( key, value ) { + var i, name, data, + elem = this[ 0 ], + attrs = elem && elem.attributes; + + // Gets all values + if ( key === undefined ) { + if ( this.length ) { + data = dataUser.get( elem ); + + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && !dataPriv.get( elem, "hasDataAttrs" ) ) { + i = attrs.length; + while ( i-- ) { + + // Support: IE 11 only + // The attrs elements can be null (#14894) + if ( attrs[ i ] ) { + name = attrs[ i ].name; + if ( name.indexOf( "data-" ) === 0 ) { + name = camelCase( name.slice( 5 ) ); + dataAttr( elem, name, data[ name ] ); + } + } + } + dataPriv.set( elem, "hasDataAttrs", true ); + } + } + + return data; + } + + // Sets multiple values + if ( typeof key === "object" ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.set( this, key ); + } ); + } + + return access( this, function( value ) { + var data; + + // The calling jQuery object (element matches) is not empty + // (and therefore has an element appears at this[ 0 ]) and the + // `value` parameter was not undefined. An empty jQuery object + // will result in `undefined` for elem = this[ 0 ] which will + // throw an exception if an attempt to read a data cache is made. + if ( elem && value === undefined ) { + + // Attempt to get data from the cache + // The key will always be camelCased in Data + data = dataUser.get( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // Attempt to "discover" the data in + // HTML5 custom data-* attrs + data = dataAttr( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // We tried really hard, but the data doesn't exist. + return; + } + + // Set the data... + this.each( function() { + + // We always store the camelCased key + dataUser.set( this, key, value ); + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length > 1, null, true ); + }, + + removeData: function( key ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.remove( this, key ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +jQuery.extend( { + queue: function( elem, type, data ) { + var queue; + + if ( elem ) { + type = ( type || "fx" ) + "queue"; + queue = dataPriv.get( elem, type ); + + // Speed up dequeue by getting out quickly if this is just a lookup + if ( data ) { + if ( !queue || Array.isArray( data ) ) { + queue = dataPriv.access( elem, type, jQuery.makeArray( data ) ); + } else { + queue.push( data ); + } + } + return queue || []; + } + }, + + dequeue: function( elem, type ) { + type = type || "fx"; + + var queue = jQuery.queue( elem, type ), + startLength = queue.length, + fn = queue.shift(), + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, type ), + next = function() { + jQuery.dequeue( elem, type ); + }; + + // If the fx queue is dequeued, always remove the progress sentinel + if ( fn === "inprogress" ) { + fn = queue.shift(); + startLength--; + } + + if ( fn ) { + + // Add a progress sentinel to prevent the fx queue from being + // automatically dequeued + if ( type === "fx" ) { + queue.unshift( "inprogress" ); + } + + // Clear up the last queue stop function + delete hooks.stop; + fn.call( elem, next, hooks ); + } + + if ( !startLength && hooks ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + }, + + // Not public - generate a queueHooks object, or return the current one + _queueHooks: function( elem, type ) { + var key = type + "queueHooks"; + return dataPriv.get( elem, key ) || dataPriv.access( elem, key, { + empty: jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ).add( function() { + dataPriv.remove( elem, [ type + "queue", key ] ); + } ) + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + queue: function( type, data ) { + var setter = 2; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + data = type; + type = "fx"; + setter--; + } + + if ( arguments.length < setter ) { + return jQuery.queue( this[ 0 ], type ); + } + + return data === undefined ? + this : + this.each( function() { + var queue = jQuery.queue( this, type, data ); + + // Ensure a hooks for this queue + jQuery._queueHooks( this, type ); + + if ( type === "fx" && queue[ 0 ] !== "inprogress" ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + dequeue: function( type ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } ); + }, + clearQueue: function( type ) { + return this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + }, + + // Get a promise resolved when queues of a certain type + // are emptied (fx is the type by default) + promise: function( type, obj ) { + var tmp, + count = 1, + defer = jQuery.Deferred(), + elements = this, + i = this.length, + resolve = function() { + if ( !( --count ) ) { + defer.resolveWith( elements, [ elements ] ); + } + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + obj = type; + type = undefined; + } + type = type || "fx"; + + while ( i-- ) { + tmp = dataPriv.get( elements[ i ], type + "queueHooks" ); + if ( tmp && tmp.empty ) { + count++; + tmp.empty.add( resolve ); + } + } + resolve(); + return defer.promise( obj ); + } +} ); +var pnum = ( /[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/ ).source; + +var rcssNum = new RegExp( "^(?:([+-])=|)(" + pnum + ")([a-z%]*)$", "i" ); + + +var cssExpand = [ "Top", "Right", "Bottom", "Left" ]; + +var documentElement = document.documentElement; + + + + var isAttached = function( elem ) { + return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ); + }, + composed = { composed: true }; + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, iOS 10.0 - 10.2 only + // Check attachment across shadow DOM boundaries when possible (gh-3504) + // Support: iOS 10.0-10.2 only + // Early iOS 10 versions support `attachShadow` but not `getRootNode`, + // leading to errors. We need to check for `getRootNode`. + if ( documentElement.getRootNode ) { + isAttached = function( elem ) { + return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) || + elem.getRootNode( composed ) === elem.ownerDocument; + }; + } +var isHiddenWithinTree = function( elem, el ) { + + // isHiddenWithinTree might be called from jQuery#filter function; + // in that case, element will be second argument + elem = el || elem; + + // Inline style trumps all + return elem.style.display === "none" || + elem.style.display === "" && + + // Otherwise, check computed style + // Support: Firefox <=43 - 45 + // Disconnected elements can have computed display: none, so first confirm that elem is + // in the document. + isAttached( elem ) && + + jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) === "none"; + }; + + + +function adjustCSS( elem, prop, valueParts, tween ) { + var adjusted, scale, + maxIterations = 20, + currentValue = tween ? + function() { + return tween.cur(); + } : + function() { + return jQuery.css( elem, prop, "" ); + }, + initial = currentValue(), + unit = valueParts && valueParts[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ), + + // Starting value computation is required for potential unit mismatches + initialInUnit = elem.nodeType && + ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] || unit !== "px" && +initial ) && + rcssNum.exec( jQuery.css( elem, prop ) ); + + if ( initialInUnit && initialInUnit[ 3 ] !== unit ) { + + // Support: Firefox <=54 + // Halve the iteration target value to prevent interference from CSS upper bounds (gh-2144) + initial = initial / 2; + + // Trust units reported by jQuery.css + unit = unit || initialInUnit[ 3 ]; + + // Iteratively approximate from a nonzero starting point + initialInUnit = +initial || 1; + + while ( maxIterations-- ) { + + // Evaluate and update our best guess (doubling guesses that zero out). + // Finish if the scale equals or crosses 1 (making the old*new product non-positive). + jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit ); + if ( ( 1 - scale ) * ( 1 - ( scale = currentValue() / initial || 0.5 ) ) <= 0 ) { + maxIterations = 0; + } + initialInUnit = initialInUnit / scale; + + } + + initialInUnit = initialInUnit * 2; + jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit ); + + // Make sure we update the tween properties later on + valueParts = valueParts || []; + } + + if ( valueParts ) { + initialInUnit = +initialInUnit || +initial || 0; + + // Apply relative offset (+=/-=) if specified + adjusted = valueParts[ 1 ] ? + initialInUnit + ( valueParts[ 1 ] + 1 ) * valueParts[ 2 ] : + +valueParts[ 2 ]; + if ( tween ) { + tween.unit = unit; + tween.start = initialInUnit; + tween.end = adjusted; + } + } + return adjusted; +} + + +var defaultDisplayMap = {}; + +function getDefaultDisplay( elem ) { + var temp, + doc = elem.ownerDocument, + nodeName = elem.nodeName, + display = defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ]; + + if ( display ) { + return display; + } + + temp = doc.body.appendChild( doc.createElement( nodeName ) ); + display = jQuery.css( temp, "display" ); + + temp.parentNode.removeChild( temp ); + + if ( display === "none" ) { + display = "block"; + } + defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ] = display; + + return display; +} + +function showHide( elements, show ) { + var display, elem, + values = [], + index = 0, + length = elements.length; + + // Determine new display value for elements that need to change + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + elem = elements[ index ]; + if ( !elem.style ) { + continue; + } + + display = elem.style.display; + if ( show ) { + + // Since we force visibility upon cascade-hidden elements, an immediate (and slow) + // check is required in this first loop unless we have a nonempty display value (either + // inline or about-to-be-restored) + if ( display === "none" ) { + values[ index ] = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ) || null; + if ( !values[ index ] ) { + elem.style.display = ""; + } + } + if ( elem.style.display === "" && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ) ) { + values[ index ] = getDefaultDisplay( elem ); + } + } else { + if ( display !== "none" ) { + values[ index ] = "none"; + + // Remember what we're overwriting + dataPriv.set( elem, "display", display ); + } + } + } + + // Set the display of the elements in a second loop to avoid constant reflow + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( values[ index ] != null ) { + elements[ index ].style.display = values[ index ]; + } + } + + return elements; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + show: function() { + return showHide( this, true ); + }, + hide: function() { + return showHide( this ); + }, + toggle: function( state ) { + if ( typeof state === "boolean" ) { + return state ? this.show() : this.hide(); + } + + return this.each( function() { + if ( isHiddenWithinTree( this ) ) { + jQuery( this ).show(); + } else { + jQuery( this ).hide(); + } + } ); + } +} ); +var rcheckableType = ( /^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i ); + +var rtagName = ( /<([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]*)/i ); + +var rscriptType = ( /^$|^module$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i ); + + + +( function() { + var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(), + div = fragment.appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ), + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only + // Check state lost if the name is set (#11217) + // Support: Windows Web Apps (WWA) + // `name` and `type` must use .setAttribute for WWA (#14901) + input.setAttribute( "type", "radio" ); + input.setAttribute( "checked", "checked" ); + input.setAttribute( "name", "t" ); + + div.appendChild( input ); + + // Support: Android <=4.1 only + // Older WebKit doesn't clone checked state correctly in fragments + support.checkClone = div.cloneNode( true ).cloneNode( true ).lastChild.checked; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Make sure textarea (and checkbox) defaultValue is properly cloned + div.innerHTML = ""; + support.noCloneChecked = !!div.cloneNode( true ).lastChild.defaultValue; + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE <=9 replaces "; + support.option = !!div.lastChild; +} )(); + + +// We have to close these tags to support XHTML (#13200) +var wrapMap = { + + // XHTML parsers do not magically insert elements in the + // same way that tag soup parsers do. So we cannot shorten + // this by omitting or other required elements. + thead: [ 1, "", "
" ], + col: [ 2, "", "
" ], + tr: [ 2, "", "
" ], + td: [ 3, "", "
" ], + + _default: [ 0, "", "" ] +}; + +wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead; +wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +if ( !support.option ) { + wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option = [ 1, "" ]; +} + + +function getAll( context, tag ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Use typeof to avoid zero-argument method invocation on host objects (#15151) + var ret; + + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.getElementsByTagName( tag || "*" ); + + } else if ( typeof context.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.querySelectorAll( tag || "*" ); + + } else { + ret = []; + } + + if ( tag === undefined || tag && nodeName( context, tag ) ) { + return jQuery.merge( [ context ], ret ); + } + + return ret; +} + + +// Mark scripts as having already been evaluated +function setGlobalEval( elems, refElements ) { + var i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + dataPriv.set( + elems[ i ], + "globalEval", + !refElements || dataPriv.get( refElements[ i ], "globalEval" ) + ); + } +} + + +var rhtml = /<|&#?\w+;/; + +function buildFragment( elems, context, scripts, selection, ignored ) { + var elem, tmp, tag, wrap, attached, j, + fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(), + nodes = [], + i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = elems[ i ]; + + if ( elem || elem === 0 ) { + + // Add nodes directly + if ( toType( elem ) === "object" ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, elem.nodeType ? [ elem ] : elem ); + + // Convert non-html into a text node + } else if ( !rhtml.test( elem ) ) { + nodes.push( context.createTextNode( elem ) ); + + // Convert html into DOM nodes + } else { + tmp = tmp || fragment.appendChild( context.createElement( "div" ) ); + + // Deserialize a standard representation + tag = ( rtagName.exec( elem ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase(); + wrap = wrapMap[ tag ] || wrapMap._default; + tmp.innerHTML = wrap[ 1 ] + jQuery.htmlPrefilter( elem ) + wrap[ 2 ]; + + // Descend through wrappers to the right content + j = wrap[ 0 ]; + while ( j-- ) { + tmp = tmp.lastChild; + } + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, tmp.childNodes ); + + // Remember the top-level container + tmp = fragment.firstChild; + + // Ensure the created nodes are orphaned (#12392) + tmp.textContent = ""; + } + } + } + + // Remove wrapper from fragment + fragment.textContent = ""; + + i = 0; + while ( ( elem = nodes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Skip elements already in the context collection (trac-4087) + if ( selection && jQuery.inArray( elem, selection ) > -1 ) { + if ( ignored ) { + ignored.push( elem ); + } + continue; + } + + attached = isAttached( elem ); + + // Append to fragment + tmp = getAll( fragment.appendChild( elem ), "script" ); + + // Preserve script evaluation history + if ( attached ) { + setGlobalEval( tmp ); + } + + // Capture executables + if ( scripts ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( elem = tmp[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( rscriptType.test( elem.type || "" ) ) { + scripts.push( elem ); + } + } + } + } + + return fragment; +} + + +var rtypenamespace = /^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)/; + +function returnTrue() { + return true; +} + +function returnFalse() { + return false; +} + +// Support: IE <=9 - 11+ +// focus() and blur() are asynchronous, except when they are no-op. +// So expect focus to be synchronous when the element is already active, +// and blur to be synchronous when the element is not already active. +// (focus and blur are always synchronous in other supported browsers, +// this just defines when we can count on it). +function expectSync( elem, type ) { + return ( elem === safeActiveElement() ) === ( type === "focus" ); +} + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// Accessing document.activeElement can throw unexpectedly +// https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13393 +function safeActiveElement() { + try { + return document.activeElement; + } catch ( err ) { } +} + +function on( elem, types, selector, data, fn, one ) { + var origFn, type; + + // Types can be a map of types/handlers + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-Object, selector, data ) + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + + // ( types-Object, data ) + data = data || selector; + selector = undefined; + } + for ( type in types ) { + on( elem, type, selector, data, types[ type ], one ); + } + return elem; + } + + if ( data == null && fn == null ) { + + // ( types, fn ) + fn = selector; + data = selector = undefined; + } else if ( fn == null ) { + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + + // ( types, selector, fn ) + fn = data; + data = undefined; + } else { + + // ( types, data, fn ) + fn = data; + data = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } else if ( !fn ) { + return elem; + } + + if ( one === 1 ) { + origFn = fn; + fn = function( event ) { + + // Can use an empty set, since event contains the info + jQuery().off( event ); + return origFn.apply( this, arguments ); + }; + + // Use same guid so caller can remove using origFn + fn.guid = origFn.guid || ( origFn.guid = jQuery.guid++ ); + } + return elem.each( function() { + jQuery.event.add( this, types, fn, data, selector ); + } ); +} + +/* + * Helper functions for managing events -- not part of the public interface. + * Props to Dean Edwards' addEvent library for many of the ideas. + */ +jQuery.event = { + + global: {}, + + add: function( elem, types, handler, data, selector ) { + + var handleObjIn, eventHandle, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.get( elem ); + + // Only attach events to objects that accept data + if ( !acceptData( elem ) ) { + return; + } + + // Caller can pass in an object of custom data in lieu of the handler + if ( handler.handler ) { + handleObjIn = handler; + handler = handleObjIn.handler; + selector = handleObjIn.selector; + } + + // Ensure that invalid selectors throw exceptions at attach time + // Evaluate against documentElement in case elem is a non-element node (e.g., document) + if ( selector ) { + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( documentElement, selector ); + } + + // Make sure that the handler has a unique ID, used to find/remove it later + if ( !handler.guid ) { + handler.guid = jQuery.guid++; + } + + // Init the element's event structure and main handler, if this is the first + if ( !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + events = elemData.events = Object.create( null ); + } + if ( !( eventHandle = elemData.handle ) ) { + eventHandle = elemData.handle = function( e ) { + + // Discard the second event of a jQuery.event.trigger() and + // when an event is called after a page has unloaded + return typeof jQuery !== "undefined" && jQuery.event.triggered !== e.type ? + jQuery.event.dispatch.apply( elem, arguments ) : undefined; + }; + } + + // Handle multiple events separated by a space + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // There *must* be a type, no attaching namespace-only handlers + if ( !type ) { + continue; + } + + // If event changes its type, use the special event handlers for the changed type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // If selector defined, determine special event api type, otherwise given type + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + + // Update special based on newly reset type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // handleObj is passed to all event handlers + handleObj = jQuery.extend( { + type: type, + origType: origType, + data: data, + handler: handler, + guid: handler.guid, + selector: selector, + needsContext: selector && jQuery.expr.match.needsContext.test( selector ), + namespace: namespaces.join( "." ) + }, handleObjIn ); + + // Init the event handler queue if we're the first + if ( !( handlers = events[ type ] ) ) { + handlers = events[ type ] = []; + handlers.delegateCount = 0; + + // Only use addEventListener if the special events handler returns false + if ( !special.setup || + special.setup.call( elem, data, namespaces, eventHandle ) === false ) { + + if ( elem.addEventListener ) { + elem.addEventListener( type, eventHandle ); + } + } + } + + if ( special.add ) { + special.add.call( elem, handleObj ); + + if ( !handleObj.handler.guid ) { + handleObj.handler.guid = handler.guid; + } + } + + // Add to the element's handler list, delegates in front + if ( selector ) { + handlers.splice( handlers.delegateCount++, 0, handleObj ); + } else { + handlers.push( handleObj ); + } + + // Keep track of which events have ever been used, for event optimization + jQuery.event.global[ type ] = true; + } + + }, + + // Detach an event or set of events from an element + remove: function( elem, types, handler, selector, mappedTypes ) { + + var j, origCount, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.hasData( elem ) && dataPriv.get( elem ); + + if ( !elemData || !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + return; + } + + // Once for each type.namespace in types; type may be omitted + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // Unbind all events (on this namespace, if provided) for the element + if ( !type ) { + for ( type in events ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type + types[ t ], handler, selector, true ); + } + continue; + } + + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + handlers = events[ type ] || []; + tmp = tmp[ 2 ] && + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ); + + // Remove matching events + origCount = j = handlers.length; + while ( j-- ) { + handleObj = handlers[ j ]; + + if ( ( mappedTypes || origType === handleObj.origType ) && + ( !handler || handler.guid === handleObj.guid ) && + ( !tmp || tmp.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) && + ( !selector || selector === handleObj.selector || + selector === "**" && handleObj.selector ) ) { + handlers.splice( j, 1 ); + + if ( handleObj.selector ) { + handlers.delegateCount--; + } + if ( special.remove ) { + special.remove.call( elem, handleObj ); + } + } + } + + // Remove generic event handler if we removed something and no more handlers exist + // (avoids potential for endless recursion during removal of special event handlers) + if ( origCount && !handlers.length ) { + if ( !special.teardown || + special.teardown.call( elem, namespaces, elemData.handle ) === false ) { + + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, elemData.handle ); + } + + delete events[ type ]; + } + } + + // Remove data and the expando if it's no longer used + if ( jQuery.isEmptyObject( events ) ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, "handle events" ); + } + }, + + dispatch: function( nativeEvent ) { + + var i, j, ret, matched, handleObj, handlerQueue, + args = new Array( arguments.length ), + + // Make a writable jQuery.Event from the native event object + event = jQuery.event.fix( nativeEvent ), + + handlers = ( + dataPriv.get( this, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) + )[ event.type ] || [], + special = jQuery.event.special[ event.type ] || {}; + + // Use the fix-ed jQuery.Event rather than the (read-only) native event + args[ 0 ] = event; + + for ( i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++ ) { + args[ i ] = arguments[ i ]; + } + + event.delegateTarget = this; + + // Call the preDispatch hook for the mapped type, and let it bail if desired + if ( special.preDispatch && special.preDispatch.call( this, event ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine handlers + handlerQueue = jQuery.event.handlers.call( this, event, handlers ); + + // Run delegates first; they may want to stop propagation beneath us + i = 0; + while ( ( matched = handlerQueue[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + event.currentTarget = matched.elem; + + j = 0; + while ( ( handleObj = matched.handlers[ j++ ] ) && + !event.isImmediatePropagationStopped() ) { + + // If the event is namespaced, then each handler is only invoked if it is + // specially universal or its namespaces are a superset of the event's. + if ( !event.rnamespace || handleObj.namespace === false || + event.rnamespace.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) { + + event.handleObj = handleObj; + event.data = handleObj.data; + + ret = ( ( jQuery.event.special[ handleObj.origType ] || {} ).handle || + handleObj.handler ).apply( matched.elem, args ); + + if ( ret !== undefined ) { + if ( ( event.result = ret ) === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + event.stopPropagation(); + } + } + } + } + } + + // Call the postDispatch hook for the mapped type + if ( special.postDispatch ) { + special.postDispatch.call( this, event ); + } + + return event.result; + }, + + handlers: function( event, handlers ) { + var i, handleObj, sel, matchedHandlers, matchedSelectors, + handlerQueue = [], + delegateCount = handlers.delegateCount, + cur = event.target; + + // Find delegate handlers + if ( delegateCount && + + // Support: IE <=9 + // Black-hole SVG instance trees (trac-13180) + cur.nodeType && + + // Support: Firefox <=42 + // Suppress spec-violating clicks indicating a non-primary pointer button (trac-3861) + // https://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#event-type-click + // Support: IE 11 only + // ...but not arrow key "clicks" of radio inputs, which can have `button` -1 (gh-2343) + !( event.type === "click" && event.button >= 1 ) ) { + + for ( ; cur !== this; cur = cur.parentNode || this ) { + + // Don't check non-elements (#13208) + // Don't process clicks on disabled elements (#6911, #8165, #11382, #11764) + if ( cur.nodeType === 1 && !( event.type === "click" && cur.disabled === true ) ) { + matchedHandlers = []; + matchedSelectors = {}; + for ( i = 0; i < delegateCount; i++ ) { + handleObj = handlers[ i ]; + + // Don't conflict with Object.prototype properties (#13203) + sel = handleObj.selector + " "; + + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] === undefined ) { + matchedSelectors[ sel ] = handleObj.needsContext ? + jQuery( sel, this ).index( cur ) > -1 : + jQuery.find( sel, this, null, [ cur ] ).length; + } + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] ) { + matchedHandlers.push( handleObj ); + } + } + if ( matchedHandlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: matchedHandlers } ); + } + } + } + } + + // Add the remaining (directly-bound) handlers + cur = this; + if ( delegateCount < handlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: handlers.slice( delegateCount ) } ); + } + + return handlerQueue; + }, + + addProp: function( name, hook ) { + Object.defineProperty( jQuery.Event.prototype, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + + get: isFunction( hook ) ? + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return hook( this.originalEvent ); + } + } : + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return this.originalEvent[ name ]; + } + }, + + set: function( value ) { + Object.defineProperty( this, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + writable: true, + value: value + } ); + } + } ); + }, + + fix: function( originalEvent ) { + return originalEvent[ jQuery.expando ] ? + originalEvent : + new jQuery.Event( originalEvent ); + }, + + special: { + load: { + + // Prevent triggered image.load events from bubbling to window.load + noBubble: true + }, + click: { + + // Utilize native event to ensure correct state for checkable inputs + setup: function( data ) { + + // For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var. + // `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification. + var el = this || data; + + // Claim the first handler + if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) && + el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) { + + // dataPriv.set( el, "click", ... ) + leverageNative( el, "click", returnTrue ); + } + + // Return false to allow normal processing in the caller + return false; + }, + trigger: function( data ) { + + // For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var. + // `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification. + var el = this || data; + + // Force setup before triggering a click + if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) && + el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) { + + leverageNative( el, "click" ); + } + + // Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation + return true; + }, + + // For cross-browser consistency, suppress native .click() on links + // Also prevent it if we're currently inside a leveraged native-event stack + _default: function( event ) { + var target = event.target; + return rcheckableType.test( target.type ) && + target.click && nodeName( target, "input" ) && + dataPriv.get( target, "click" ) || + nodeName( target, "a" ); + } + }, + + beforeunload: { + postDispatch: function( event ) { + + // Support: Firefox 20+ + // Firefox doesn't alert if the returnValue field is not set. + if ( event.result !== undefined && event.originalEvent ) { + event.originalEvent.returnValue = event.result; + } + } + } + } +}; + +// Ensure the presence of an event listener that handles manually-triggered +// synthetic events by interrupting progress until reinvoked in response to +// *native* events that it fires directly, ensuring that state changes have +// already occurred before other listeners are invoked. +function leverageNative( el, type, expectSync ) { + + // Missing expectSync indicates a trigger call, which must force setup through jQuery.event.add + if ( !expectSync ) { + if ( dataPriv.get( el, type ) === undefined ) { + jQuery.event.add( el, type, returnTrue ); + } + return; + } + + // Register the controller as a special universal handler for all event namespaces + dataPriv.set( el, type, false ); + jQuery.event.add( el, type, { + namespace: false, + handler: function( event ) { + var notAsync, result, + saved = dataPriv.get( this, type ); + + if ( ( event.isTrigger & 1 ) && this[ type ] ) { + + // Interrupt processing of the outer synthetic .trigger()ed event + // Saved data should be false in such cases, but might be a leftover capture object + // from an async native handler (gh-4350) + if ( !saved.length ) { + + // Store arguments for use when handling the inner native event + // There will always be at least one argument (an event object), so this array + // will not be confused with a leftover capture object. + saved = slice.call( arguments ); + dataPriv.set( this, type, saved ); + + // Trigger the native event and capture its result + // Support: IE <=9 - 11+ + // focus() and blur() are asynchronous + notAsync = expectSync( this, type ); + this[ type ](); + result = dataPriv.get( this, type ); + if ( saved !== result || notAsync ) { + dataPriv.set( this, type, false ); + } else { + result = {}; + } + if ( saved !== result ) { + + // Cancel the outer synthetic event + event.stopImmediatePropagation(); + event.preventDefault(); + + // Support: Chrome 86+ + // In Chrome, if an element having a focusout handler is blurred by + // clicking outside of it, it invokes the handler synchronously. If + // that handler calls `.remove()` on the element, the data is cleared, + // leaving `result` undefined. We need to guard against this. + return result && result.value; + } + + // If this is an inner synthetic event for an event with a bubbling surrogate + // (focus or blur), assume that the surrogate already propagated from triggering the + // native event and prevent that from happening again here. + // This technically gets the ordering wrong w.r.t. to `.trigger()` (in which the + // bubbling surrogate propagates *after* the non-bubbling base), but that seems + // less bad than duplication. + } else if ( ( jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {} ).delegateType ) { + event.stopPropagation(); + } + + // If this is a native event triggered above, everything is now in order + // Fire an inner synthetic event with the original arguments + } else if ( saved.length ) { + + // ...and capture the result + dataPriv.set( this, type, { + value: jQuery.event.trigger( + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11+ + // Extend with the prototype to reset the above stopImmediatePropagation() + jQuery.extend( saved[ 0 ], jQuery.Event.prototype ), + saved.slice( 1 ), + this + ) + } ); + + // Abort handling of the native event + event.stopImmediatePropagation(); + } + } + } ); +} + +jQuery.removeEvent = function( elem, type, handle ) { + + // This "if" is needed for plain objects + if ( elem.removeEventListener ) { + elem.removeEventListener( type, handle ); + } +}; + +jQuery.Event = function( src, props ) { + + // Allow instantiation without the 'new' keyword + if ( !( this instanceof jQuery.Event ) ) { + return new jQuery.Event( src, props ); + } + + // Event object + if ( src && src.type ) { + this.originalEvent = src; + this.type = src.type; + + // Events bubbling up the document may have been marked as prevented + // by a handler lower down the tree; reflect the correct value. + this.isDefaultPrevented = src.defaultPrevented || + src.defaultPrevented === undefined && + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only + src.returnValue === false ? + returnTrue : + returnFalse; + + // Create target properties + // Support: Safari <=6 - 7 only + // Target should not be a text node (#504, #13143) + this.target = ( src.target && src.target.nodeType === 3 ) ? + src.target.parentNode : + src.target; + + this.currentTarget = src.currentTarget; + this.relatedTarget = src.relatedTarget; + + // Event type + } else { + this.type = src; + } + + // Put explicitly provided properties onto the event object + if ( props ) { + jQuery.extend( this, props ); + } + + // Create a timestamp if incoming event doesn't have one + this.timeStamp = src && src.timeStamp || Date.now(); + + // Mark it as fixed + this[ jQuery.expando ] = true; +}; + +// jQuery.Event is based on DOM3 Events as specified by the ECMAScript Language Binding +// https://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-DOM-Level-3-Events-20030331/ecma-script-binding.html +jQuery.Event.prototype = { + constructor: jQuery.Event, + isDefaultPrevented: returnFalse, + isPropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isImmediatePropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isSimulated: false, + + preventDefault: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isDefaultPrevented = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.preventDefault(); + } + }, + stopPropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopPropagation(); + } + }, + stopImmediatePropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isImmediatePropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopImmediatePropagation(); + } + + this.stopPropagation(); + } +}; + +// Includes all common event props including KeyEvent and MouseEvent specific props +jQuery.each( { + altKey: true, + bubbles: true, + cancelable: true, + changedTouches: true, + ctrlKey: true, + detail: true, + eventPhase: true, + metaKey: true, + pageX: true, + pageY: true, + shiftKey: true, + view: true, + "char": true, + code: true, + charCode: true, + key: true, + keyCode: true, + button: true, + buttons: true, + clientX: true, + clientY: true, + offsetX: true, + offsetY: true, + pointerId: true, + pointerType: true, + screenX: true, + screenY: true, + targetTouches: true, + toElement: true, + touches: true, + which: true +}, jQuery.event.addProp ); + +jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( type, delegateType ) { + jQuery.event.special[ type ] = { + + // Utilize native event if possible so blur/focus sequence is correct + setup: function() { + + // Claim the first handler + // dataPriv.set( this, "focus", ... ) + // dataPriv.set( this, "blur", ... ) + leverageNative( this, type, expectSync ); + + // Return false to allow normal processing in the caller + return false; + }, + trigger: function() { + + // Force setup before trigger + leverageNative( this, type ); + + // Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation + return true; + }, + + // Suppress native focus or blur as it's already being fired + // in leverageNative. + _default: function() { + return true; + }, + + delegateType: delegateType + }; +} ); + +// Create mouseenter/leave events using mouseover/out and event-time checks +// so that event delegation works in jQuery. +// Do the same for pointerenter/pointerleave and pointerover/pointerout +// +// Support: Safari 7 only +// Safari sends mouseenter too often; see: +// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=470258 +// for the description of the bug (it existed in older Chrome versions as well). +jQuery.each( { + mouseenter: "mouseover", + mouseleave: "mouseout", + pointerenter: "pointerover", + pointerleave: "pointerout" +}, function( orig, fix ) { + jQuery.event.special[ orig ] = { + delegateType: fix, + bindType: fix, + + handle: function( event ) { + var ret, + target = this, + related = event.relatedTarget, + handleObj = event.handleObj; + + // For mouseenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target. + // NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window + if ( !related || ( related !== target && !jQuery.contains( target, related ) ) ) { + event.type = handleObj.origType; + ret = handleObj.handler.apply( this, arguments ); + event.type = fix; + } + return ret; + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + on: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn ); + }, + one: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn, 1 ); + }, + off: function( types, selector, fn ) { + var handleObj, type; + if ( types && types.preventDefault && types.handleObj ) { + + // ( event ) dispatched jQuery.Event + handleObj = types.handleObj; + jQuery( types.delegateTarget ).off( + handleObj.namespace ? + handleObj.origType + "." + handleObj.namespace : + handleObj.origType, + handleObj.selector, + handleObj.handler + ); + return this; + } + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-object [, selector] ) + for ( type in types ) { + this.off( type, selector, types[ type ] ); + } + return this; + } + if ( selector === false || typeof selector === "function" ) { + + // ( types [, fn] ) + fn = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.remove( this, types, fn, selector ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +var + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 only + // In IE/Edge using regex groups here causes severe slowdowns. + // See https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/feedback/details/1736512/ + rnoInnerhtml = /\s*$/g; + +// Prefer a tbody over its parent table for containing new rows +function manipulationTarget( elem, content ) { + if ( nodeName( elem, "table" ) && + nodeName( content.nodeType !== 11 ? content : content.firstChild, "tr" ) ) { + + return jQuery( elem ).children( "tbody" )[ 0 ] || elem; + } + + return elem; +} + +// Replace/restore the type attribute of script elements for safe DOM manipulation +function disableScript( elem ) { + elem.type = ( elem.getAttribute( "type" ) !== null ) + "/" + elem.type; + return elem; +} +function restoreScript( elem ) { + if ( ( elem.type || "" ).slice( 0, 5 ) === "true/" ) { + elem.type = elem.type.slice( 5 ); + } else { + elem.removeAttribute( "type" ); + } + + return elem; +} + +function cloneCopyEvent( src, dest ) { + var i, l, type, pdataOld, udataOld, udataCur, events; + + if ( dest.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + // 1. Copy private data: events, handlers, etc. + if ( dataPriv.hasData( src ) ) { + pdataOld = dataPriv.get( src ); + events = pdataOld.events; + + if ( events ) { + dataPriv.remove( dest, "handle events" ); + + for ( type in events ) { + for ( i = 0, l = events[ type ].length; i < l; i++ ) { + jQuery.event.add( dest, type, events[ type ][ i ] ); + } + } + } + } + + // 2. Copy user data + if ( dataUser.hasData( src ) ) { + udataOld = dataUser.access( src ); + udataCur = jQuery.extend( {}, udataOld ); + + dataUser.set( dest, udataCur ); + } +} + +// Fix IE bugs, see support tests +function fixInput( src, dest ) { + var nodeName = dest.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + + // Fails to persist the checked state of a cloned checkbox or radio button. + if ( nodeName === "input" && rcheckableType.test( src.type ) ) { + dest.checked = src.checked; + + // Fails to return the selected option to the default selected state when cloning options + } else if ( nodeName === "input" || nodeName === "textarea" ) { + dest.defaultValue = src.defaultValue; + } +} + +function domManip( collection, args, callback, ignored ) { + + // Flatten any nested arrays + args = flat( args ); + + var fragment, first, scripts, hasScripts, node, doc, + i = 0, + l = collection.length, + iNoClone = l - 1, + value = args[ 0 ], + valueIsFunction = isFunction( value ); + + // We can't cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit + if ( valueIsFunction || + ( l > 1 && typeof value === "string" && + !support.checkClone && rchecked.test( value ) ) ) { + return collection.each( function( index ) { + var self = collection.eq( index ); + if ( valueIsFunction ) { + args[ 0 ] = value.call( this, index, self.html() ); + } + domManip( self, args, callback, ignored ); + } ); + } + + if ( l ) { + fragment = buildFragment( args, collection[ 0 ].ownerDocument, false, collection, ignored ); + first = fragment.firstChild; + + if ( fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ) { + fragment = first; + } + + // Require either new content or an interest in ignored elements to invoke the callback + if ( first || ignored ) { + scripts = jQuery.map( getAll( fragment, "script" ), disableScript ); + hasScripts = scripts.length; + + // Use the original fragment for the last item + // instead of the first because it can end up + // being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070). + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + node = fragment; + + if ( i !== iNoClone ) { + node = jQuery.clone( node, true, true ); + + // Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration + if ( hasScripts ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( scripts, getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + } + + callback.call( collection[ i ], node, i ); + } + + if ( hasScripts ) { + doc = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ].ownerDocument; + + // Reenable scripts + jQuery.map( scripts, restoreScript ); + + // Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion + for ( i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++ ) { + node = scripts[ i ]; + if ( rscriptType.test( node.type || "" ) && + !dataPriv.access( node, "globalEval" ) && + jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) { + + if ( node.src && ( node.type || "" ).toLowerCase() !== "module" ) { + + // Optional AJAX dependency, but won't run scripts if not present + if ( jQuery._evalUrl && !node.noModule ) { + jQuery._evalUrl( node.src, { + nonce: node.nonce || node.getAttribute( "nonce" ) + }, doc ); + } + } else { + DOMEval( node.textContent.replace( rcleanScript, "" ), node, doc ); + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return collection; +} + +function remove( elem, selector, keepData ) { + var node, + nodes = selector ? jQuery.filter( selector, elem ) : elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( node = nodes[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( !keepData && node.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( node ) ); + } + + if ( node.parentNode ) { + if ( keepData && isAttached( node ) ) { + setGlobalEval( getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + node.parentNode.removeChild( node ); + } + } + + return elem; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + htmlPrefilter: function( html ) { + return html; + }, + + clone: function( elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + var i, l, srcElements, destElements, + clone = elem.cloneNode( true ), + inPage = isAttached( elem ); + + // Fix IE cloning issues + if ( !support.noCloneChecked && ( elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11 ) && + !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // We eschew Sizzle here for performance reasons: https://jsperf.com/getall-vs-sizzle/2 + destElements = getAll( clone ); + srcElements = getAll( elem ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + fixInput( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } + + // Copy the events from the original to the clone + if ( dataAndEvents ) { + if ( deepDataAndEvents ) { + srcElements = srcElements || getAll( elem ); + destElements = destElements || getAll( clone ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + cloneCopyEvent( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } else { + cloneCopyEvent( elem, clone ); + } + } + + // Preserve script evaluation history + destElements = getAll( clone, "script" ); + if ( destElements.length > 0 ) { + setGlobalEval( destElements, !inPage && getAll( elem, "script" ) ); + } + + // Return the cloned set + return clone; + }, + + cleanData: function( elems ) { + var data, elem, type, + special = jQuery.event.special, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = elems[ i ] ) !== undefined; i++ ) { + if ( acceptData( elem ) ) { + if ( ( data = elem[ dataPriv.expando ] ) ) { + if ( data.events ) { + for ( type in data.events ) { + if ( special[ type ] ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type ); + + // This is a shortcut to avoid jQuery.event.remove's overhead + } else { + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, data.handle ); + } + } + } + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataPriv.expando ] = undefined; + } + if ( elem[ dataUser.expando ] ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataUser.expando ] = undefined; + } + } + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + detach: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector, true ); + }, + + remove: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector ); + }, + + text: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + return value === undefined ? + jQuery.text( this ) : + this.empty().each( function() { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + this.textContent = value; + } + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + append: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.appendChild( elem ); + } + } ); + }, + + prepend: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.insertBefore( elem, target.firstChild ); + } + } ); + }, + + before: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this ); + } + } ); + }, + + after: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this.nextSibling ); + } + } ); + }, + + empty: function() { + var elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = this[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Prevent memory leaks + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + + // Remove any remaining nodes + elem.textContent = ""; + } + } + + return this; + }, + + clone: function( dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + dataAndEvents = dataAndEvents == null ? false : dataAndEvents; + deepDataAndEvents = deepDataAndEvents == null ? dataAndEvents : deepDataAndEvents; + + return this.map( function() { + return jQuery.clone( this, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ); + } ); + }, + + html: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 0, + l = this.length; + + if ( value === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return elem.innerHTML; + } + + // See if we can take a shortcut and just use innerHTML + if ( typeof value === "string" && !rnoInnerhtml.test( value ) && + !wrapMap[ ( rtagName.exec( value ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase() ] ) { + + value = jQuery.htmlPrefilter( value ); + + try { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = this[ i ] || {}; + + // Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + elem.innerHTML = value; + } + } + + elem = 0; + + // If using innerHTML throws an exception, use the fallback method + } catch ( e ) {} + } + + if ( elem ) { + this.empty().append( value ); + } + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + replaceWith: function() { + var ignored = []; + + // Make the changes, replacing each non-ignored context element with the new content + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + var parent = this.parentNode; + + if ( jQuery.inArray( this, ignored ) < 0 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( this ) ); + if ( parent ) { + parent.replaceChild( elem, this ); + } + } + + // Force callback invocation + }, ignored ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( { + appendTo: "append", + prependTo: "prepend", + insertBefore: "before", + insertAfter: "after", + replaceAll: "replaceWith" +}, function( name, original ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( selector ) { + var elems, + ret = [], + insert = jQuery( selector ), + last = insert.length - 1, + i = 0; + + for ( ; i <= last; i++ ) { + elems = i === last ? this : this.clone( true ); + jQuery( insert[ i ] )[ original ]( elems ); + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // .get() because push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + push.apply( ret, elems.get() ); + } + + return this.pushStack( ret ); + }; +} ); +var rnumnonpx = new RegExp( "^(" + pnum + ")(?!px)[a-z%]+$", "i" ); + +var getStyles = function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=11 only, Firefox <=30 (#15098, #14150) + // IE throws on elements created in popups + // FF meanwhile throws on frame elements through "defaultView.getComputedStyle" + var view = elem.ownerDocument.defaultView; + + if ( !view || !view.opener ) { + view = window; + } + + return view.getComputedStyle( elem ); + }; + +var swap = function( elem, options, callback ) { + var ret, name, + old = {}; + + // Remember the old values, and insert the new ones + for ( name in options ) { + old[ name ] = elem.style[ name ]; + elem.style[ name ] = options[ name ]; + } + + ret = callback.call( elem ); + + // Revert the old values + for ( name in options ) { + elem.style[ name ] = old[ name ]; + } + + return ret; +}; + + +var rboxStyle = new RegExp( cssExpand.join( "|" ), "i" ); + + + +( function() { + + // Executing both pixelPosition & boxSizingReliable tests require only one layout + // so they're executed at the same time to save the second computation. + function computeStyleTests() { + + // This is a singleton, we need to execute it only once + if ( !div ) { + return; + } + + container.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;width:60px;" + + "margin-top:1px;padding:0;border:0"; + div.style.cssText = + "position:relative;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:scroll;" + + "margin:auto;border:1px;padding:1px;" + + "width:60%;top:1%"; + documentElement.appendChild( container ).appendChild( div ); + + var divStyle = window.getComputedStyle( div ); + pixelPositionVal = divStyle.top !== "1%"; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Firefox <=3 - 44 + reliableMarginLeftVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.marginLeft ) === 12; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Safari <=9.1 - 10.1, iOS <=7.0 - 9.3 + // Some styles come back with percentage values, even though they shouldn't + div.style.right = "60%"; + pixelBoxStylesVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.right ) === 36; + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // Detect misreporting of content dimensions for box-sizing:border-box elements + boxSizingReliableVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.width ) === 36; + + // Support: IE 9 only + // Detect overflow:scroll screwiness (gh-3699) + // Support: Chrome <=64 + // Don't get tricked when zoom affects offsetWidth (gh-4029) + div.style.position = "absolute"; + scrollboxSizeVal = roundPixelMeasures( div.offsetWidth / 3 ) === 12; + + documentElement.removeChild( container ); + + // Nullify the div so it wouldn't be stored in the memory and + // it will also be a sign that checks already performed + div = null; + } + + function roundPixelMeasures( measure ) { + return Math.round( parseFloat( measure ) ); + } + + var pixelPositionVal, boxSizingReliableVal, scrollboxSizeVal, pixelBoxStylesVal, + reliableTrDimensionsVal, reliableMarginLeftVal, + container = document.createElement( "div" ), + div = document.createElement( "div" ); + + // Finish early in limited (non-browser) environments + if ( !div.style ) { + return; + } + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Style of cloned element affects source element cloned (#8908) + div.style.backgroundClip = "content-box"; + div.cloneNode( true ).style.backgroundClip = ""; + support.clearCloneStyle = div.style.backgroundClip === "content-box"; + + jQuery.extend( support, { + boxSizingReliable: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return boxSizingReliableVal; + }, + pixelBoxStyles: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelBoxStylesVal; + }, + pixelPosition: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelPositionVal; + }, + reliableMarginLeft: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return reliableMarginLeftVal; + }, + scrollboxSize: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return scrollboxSizeVal; + }, + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height + // set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values. + // Behavior in IE 9 is more subtle than in newer versions & it passes + // some versions of this test; make sure not to make it pass there! + // + // Support: Firefox 70+ + // Only Firefox includes border widths + // in computed dimensions. (gh-4529) + reliableTrDimensions: function() { + var table, tr, trChild, trStyle; + if ( reliableTrDimensionsVal == null ) { + table = document.createElement( "table" ); + tr = document.createElement( "tr" ); + trChild = document.createElement( "div" ); + + table.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;border-collapse:separate"; + tr.style.cssText = "border:1px solid"; + + // Support: Chrome 86+ + // Height set through cssText does not get applied. + // Computed height then comes back as 0. + tr.style.height = "1px"; + trChild.style.height = "9px"; + + // Support: Android 8 Chrome 86+ + // In our bodyBackground.html iframe, + // display for all div elements is set to "inline", + // which causes a problem only in Android 8 Chrome 86. + // Ensuring the div is display: block + // gets around this issue. + trChild.style.display = "block"; + + documentElement + .appendChild( table ) + .appendChild( tr ) + .appendChild( trChild ); + + trStyle = window.getComputedStyle( tr ); + reliableTrDimensionsVal = ( parseInt( trStyle.height, 10 ) + + parseInt( trStyle.borderTopWidth, 10 ) + + parseInt( trStyle.borderBottomWidth, 10 ) ) === tr.offsetHeight; + + documentElement.removeChild( table ); + } + return reliableTrDimensionsVal; + } + } ); +} )(); + + +function curCSS( elem, name, computed ) { + var width, minWidth, maxWidth, ret, + + // Support: Firefox 51+ + // Retrieving style before computed somehow + // fixes an issue with getting wrong values + // on detached elements + style = elem.style; + + computed = computed || getStyles( elem ); + + // getPropertyValue is needed for: + // .css('filter') (IE 9 only, #12537) + // .css('--customProperty) (#3144) + if ( computed ) { + ret = computed.getPropertyValue( name ) || computed[ name ]; + + if ( ret === "" && !isAttached( elem ) ) { + ret = jQuery.style( elem, name ); + } + + // A tribute to the "awesome hack by Dean Edwards" + // Android Browser returns percentage for some values, + // but width seems to be reliably pixels. + // This is against the CSSOM draft spec: + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#resolved-values + if ( !support.pixelBoxStyles() && rnumnonpx.test( ret ) && rboxStyle.test( name ) ) { + + // Remember the original values + width = style.width; + minWidth = style.minWidth; + maxWidth = style.maxWidth; + + // Put in the new values to get a computed value out + style.minWidth = style.maxWidth = style.width = ret; + ret = computed.width; + + // Revert the changed values + style.width = width; + style.minWidth = minWidth; + style.maxWidth = maxWidth; + } + } + + return ret !== undefined ? + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // IE returns zIndex value as an integer. + ret + "" : + ret; +} + + +function addGetHookIf( conditionFn, hookFn ) { + + // Define the hook, we'll check on the first run if it's really needed. + return { + get: function() { + if ( conditionFn() ) { + + // Hook not needed (or it's not possible to use it due + // to missing dependency), remove it. + delete this.get; + return; + } + + // Hook needed; redefine it so that the support test is not executed again. + return ( this.get = hookFn ).apply( this, arguments ); + } + }; +} + + +var cssPrefixes = [ "Webkit", "Moz", "ms" ], + emptyStyle = document.createElement( "div" ).style, + vendorProps = {}; + +// Return a vendor-prefixed property or undefined +function vendorPropName( name ) { + + // Check for vendor prefixed names + var capName = name[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + name.slice( 1 ), + i = cssPrefixes.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + name = cssPrefixes[ i ] + capName; + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + } +} + +// Return a potentially-mapped jQuery.cssProps or vendor prefixed property +function finalPropName( name ) { + var final = jQuery.cssProps[ name ] || vendorProps[ name ]; + + if ( final ) { + return final; + } + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + return vendorProps[ name ] = vendorPropName( name ) || name; +} + + +var + + // Swappable if display is none or starts with table + // except "table", "table-cell", or "table-caption" + // See here for display values: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/display + rdisplayswap = /^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/, + rcustomProp = /^--/, + cssShow = { position: "absolute", visibility: "hidden", display: "block" }, + cssNormalTransform = { + letterSpacing: "0", + fontWeight: "400" + }; + +function setPositiveNumber( _elem, value, subtract ) { + + // Any relative (+/-) values have already been + // normalized at this point + var matches = rcssNum.exec( value ); + return matches ? + + // Guard against undefined "subtract", e.g., when used as in cssHooks + Math.max( 0, matches[ 2 ] - ( subtract || 0 ) ) + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) : + value; +} + +function boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, box, isBorderBox, styles, computedVal ) { + var i = dimension === "width" ? 1 : 0, + extra = 0, + delta = 0; + + // Adjustment may not be necessary + if ( box === ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ) ) { + return 0; + } + + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 ) { + + // Both box models exclude margin + if ( box === "margin" ) { + delta += jQuery.css( elem, box + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + // If we get here with a content-box, we're seeking "padding" or "border" or "margin" + if ( !isBorderBox ) { + + // Add padding + delta += jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + + // For "border" or "margin", add border + if ( box !== "padding" ) { + delta += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + + // But still keep track of it otherwise + } else { + extra += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + + // If we get here with a border-box (content + padding + border), we're seeking "content" or + // "padding" or "margin" + } else { + + // For "content", subtract padding + if ( box === "content" ) { + delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + // For "content" or "padding", subtract border + if ( box !== "margin" ) { + delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + } + } + + // Account for positive content-box scroll gutter when requested by providing computedVal + if ( !isBorderBox && computedVal >= 0 ) { + + // offsetWidth/offsetHeight is a rounded sum of content, padding, scroll gutter, and border + // Assuming integer scroll gutter, subtract the rest and round down + delta += Math.max( 0, Math.ceil( + elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] - + computedVal - + delta - + extra - + 0.5 + + // If offsetWidth/offsetHeight is unknown, then we can't determine content-box scroll gutter + // Use an explicit zero to avoid NaN (gh-3964) + ) ) || 0; + } + + return delta; +} + +function getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ) { + + // Start with computed style + var styles = getStyles( elem ), + + // To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-4322). + // Fake content-box until we know it's needed to know the true value. + boxSizingNeeded = !support.boxSizingReliable() || extra, + isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded && + jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box", + valueIsBorderBox = isBorderBox, + + val = curCSS( elem, dimension, styles ), + offsetProp = "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ); + + // Support: Firefox <=54 + // Return a confounding non-pixel value or feign ignorance, as appropriate. + if ( rnumnonpx.test( val ) ) { + if ( !extra ) { + return val; + } + val = "auto"; + } + + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // Use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for when box sizing is unreliable. + // In those cases, the computed value can be trusted to be border-box. + if ( ( !support.boxSizingReliable() && isBorderBox || + + // Support: IE 10 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height + // set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values. + // Interestingly, in some cases IE 9 doesn't suffer from this issue. + !support.reliableTrDimensions() && nodeName( elem, "tr" ) || + + // Fall back to offsetWidth/offsetHeight when value is "auto" + // This happens for inline elements with no explicit setting (gh-3571) + val === "auto" || + + // Support: Android <=4.1 - 4.3 only + // Also use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for misreported inline dimensions (gh-3602) + !parseFloat( val ) && jQuery.css( elem, "display", false, styles ) === "inline" ) && + + // Make sure the element is visible & connected + elem.getClientRects().length ) { + + isBorderBox = jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box"; + + // Where available, offsetWidth/offsetHeight approximate border box dimensions. + // Where not available (e.g., SVG), assume unreliable box-sizing and interpret the + // retrieved value as a content box dimension. + valueIsBorderBox = offsetProp in elem; + if ( valueIsBorderBox ) { + val = elem[ offsetProp ]; + } + } + + // Normalize "" and auto + val = parseFloat( val ) || 0; + + // Adjust for the element's box model + return ( val + + boxModelAdjustment( + elem, + dimension, + extra || ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ), + valueIsBorderBox, + styles, + + // Provide the current computed size to request scroll gutter calculation (gh-3589) + val + ) + ) + "px"; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Add in style property hooks for overriding the default + // behavior of getting and setting a style property + cssHooks: { + opacity: { + get: function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // We should always get a number back from opacity + var ret = curCSS( elem, "opacity" ); + return ret === "" ? "1" : ret; + } + } + } + }, + + // Don't automatically add "px" to these possibly-unitless properties + cssNumber: { + "animationIterationCount": true, + "columnCount": true, + "fillOpacity": true, + "flexGrow": true, + "flexShrink": true, + "fontWeight": true, + "gridArea": true, + "gridColumn": true, + "gridColumnEnd": true, + "gridColumnStart": true, + "gridRow": true, + "gridRowEnd": true, + "gridRowStart": true, + "lineHeight": true, + "opacity": true, + "order": true, + "orphans": true, + "widows": true, + "zIndex": true, + "zoom": true + }, + + // Add in properties whose names you wish to fix before + // setting or getting the value + cssProps: {}, + + // Get and set the style property on a DOM Node + style: function( elem, name, value, extra ) { + + // Don't set styles on text and comment nodes + if ( !elem || elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 || !elem.style ) { + return; + } + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name + var ret, type, hooks, + origName = camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ), + style = elem.style; + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to query the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Gets hook for the prefixed version, then unprefixed version + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // Check if we're setting a value + if ( value !== undefined ) { + type = typeof value; + + // Convert "+=" or "-=" to relative numbers (#7345) + if ( type === "string" && ( ret = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && ret[ 1 ] ) { + value = adjustCSS( elem, name, ret ); + + // Fixes bug #9237 + type = "number"; + } + + // Make sure that null and NaN values aren't set (#7116) + if ( value == null || value !== value ) { + return; + } + + // If a number was passed in, add the unit (except for certain CSS properties) + // The isCustomProp check can be removed in jQuery 4.0 when we only auto-append + // "px" to a few hardcoded values. + if ( type === "number" && !isCustomProp ) { + value += ret && ret[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ origName ] ? "" : "px" ); + } + + // background-* props affect original clone's values + if ( !support.clearCloneStyle && value === "" && name.indexOf( "background" ) === 0 ) { + style[ name ] = "inherit"; + } + + // If a hook was provided, use that value, otherwise just set the specified value + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || + ( value = hooks.set( elem, value, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + if ( isCustomProp ) { + style.setProperty( name, value ); + } else { + style[ name ] = value; + } + } + + } else { + + // If a hook was provided get the non-computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, false, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + return ret; + } + + // Otherwise just get the value from the style object + return style[ name ]; + } + }, + + css: function( elem, name, extra, styles ) { + var val, num, hooks, + origName = camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ); + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to modify the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Try prefixed name followed by the unprefixed name + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // If a hook was provided get the computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks ) { + val = hooks.get( elem, true, extra ); + } + + // Otherwise, if a way to get the computed value exists, use that + if ( val === undefined ) { + val = curCSS( elem, name, styles ); + } + + // Convert "normal" to computed value + if ( val === "normal" && name in cssNormalTransform ) { + val = cssNormalTransform[ name ]; + } + + // Make numeric if forced or a qualifier was provided and val looks numeric + if ( extra === "" || extra ) { + num = parseFloat( val ); + return extra === true || isFinite( num ) ? num || 0 : val; + } + + return val; + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "height", "width" ], function( _i, dimension ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ dimension ] = { + get: function( elem, computed, extra ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // Certain elements can have dimension info if we invisibly show them + // but it must have a current display style that would benefit + return rdisplayswap.test( jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) ) && + + // Support: Safari 8+ + // Table columns in Safari have non-zero offsetWidth & zero + // getBoundingClientRect().width unless display is changed. + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Running getBoundingClientRect on a disconnected node + // in IE throws an error. + ( !elem.getClientRects().length || !elem.getBoundingClientRect().width ) ? + swap( elem, cssShow, function() { + return getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); + } ) : + getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); + } + }, + + set: function( elem, value, extra ) { + var matches, + styles = getStyles( elem ), + + // Only read styles.position if the test has a chance to fail + // to avoid forcing a reflow. + scrollboxSizeBuggy = !support.scrollboxSize() && + styles.position === "absolute", + + // To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-3991) + boxSizingNeeded = scrollboxSizeBuggy || extra, + isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded && + jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box", + subtract = extra ? + boxModelAdjustment( + elem, + dimension, + extra, + isBorderBox, + styles + ) : + 0; + + // Account for unreliable border-box dimensions by comparing offset* to computed and + // faking a content-box to get border and padding (gh-3699) + if ( isBorderBox && scrollboxSizeBuggy ) { + subtract -= Math.ceil( + elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] - + parseFloat( styles[ dimension ] ) - + boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, "border", false, styles ) - + 0.5 + ); + } + + // Convert to pixels if value adjustment is needed + if ( subtract && ( matches = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) !== "px" ) { + + elem.style[ dimension ] = value; + value = jQuery.css( elem, dimension ); + } + + return setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract ); + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.cssHooks.marginLeft = addGetHookIf( support.reliableMarginLeft, + function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + return ( parseFloat( curCSS( elem, "marginLeft" ) ) || + elem.getBoundingClientRect().left - + swap( elem, { marginLeft: 0 }, function() { + return elem.getBoundingClientRect().left; + } ) + ) + "px"; + } + } +); + +// These hooks are used by animate to expand properties +jQuery.each( { + margin: "", + padding: "", + border: "Width" +}, function( prefix, suffix ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ] = { + expand: function( value ) { + var i = 0, + expanded = {}, + + // Assumes a single number if not a string + parts = typeof value === "string" ? value.split( " " ) : [ value ]; + + for ( ; i < 4; i++ ) { + expanded[ prefix + cssExpand[ i ] + suffix ] = + parts[ i ] || parts[ i - 2 ] || parts[ 0 ]; + } + + return expanded; + } + }; + + if ( prefix !== "margin" ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ].set = setPositiveNumber; + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + css: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, function( elem, name, value ) { + var styles, len, + map = {}, + i = 0; + + if ( Array.isArray( name ) ) { + styles = getStyles( elem ); + len = name.length; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + map[ name[ i ] ] = jQuery.css( elem, name[ i ], false, styles ); + } + + return map; + } + + return value !== undefined ? + jQuery.style( elem, name, value ) : + jQuery.css( elem, name ); + }, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + } +} ); + + +function Tween( elem, options, prop, end, easing ) { + return new Tween.prototype.init( elem, options, prop, end, easing ); +} +jQuery.Tween = Tween; + +Tween.prototype = { + constructor: Tween, + init: function( elem, options, prop, end, easing, unit ) { + this.elem = elem; + this.prop = prop; + this.easing = easing || jQuery.easing._default; + this.options = options; + this.start = this.now = this.cur(); + this.end = end; + this.unit = unit || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ); + }, + cur: function() { + var hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + return hooks && hooks.get ? + hooks.get( this ) : + Tween.propHooks._default.get( this ); + }, + run: function( percent ) { + var eased, + hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + if ( this.options.duration ) { + this.pos = eased = jQuery.easing[ this.easing ]( + percent, this.options.duration * percent, 0, 1, this.options.duration + ); + } else { + this.pos = eased = percent; + } + this.now = ( this.end - this.start ) * eased + this.start; + + if ( this.options.step ) { + this.options.step.call( this.elem, this.now, this ); + } + + if ( hooks && hooks.set ) { + hooks.set( this ); + } else { + Tween.propHooks._default.set( this ); + } + return this; + } +}; + +Tween.prototype.init.prototype = Tween.prototype; + +Tween.propHooks = { + _default: { + get: function( tween ) { + var result; + + // Use a property on the element directly when it is not a DOM element, + // or when there is no matching style property that exists. + if ( tween.elem.nodeType !== 1 || + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] != null && tween.elem.style[ tween.prop ] == null ) { + return tween.elem[ tween.prop ]; + } + + // Passing an empty string as a 3rd parameter to .css will automatically + // attempt a parseFloat and fallback to a string if the parse fails. + // Simple values such as "10px" are parsed to Float; + // complex values such as "rotate(1rad)" are returned as-is. + result = jQuery.css( tween.elem, tween.prop, "" ); + + // Empty strings, null, undefined and "auto" are converted to 0. + return !result || result === "auto" ? 0 : result; + }, + set: function( tween ) { + + // Use step hook for back compat. + // Use cssHook if its there. + // Use .style if available and use plain properties where available. + if ( jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ] ) { + jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ]( tween ); + } else if ( tween.elem.nodeType === 1 && ( + jQuery.cssHooks[ tween.prop ] || + tween.elem.style[ finalPropName( tween.prop ) ] != null ) ) { + jQuery.style( tween.elem, tween.prop, tween.now + tween.unit ); + } else { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } + } +}; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// Panic based approach to setting things on disconnected nodes +Tween.propHooks.scrollTop = Tween.propHooks.scrollLeft = { + set: function( tween ) { + if ( tween.elem.nodeType && tween.elem.parentNode ) { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } +}; + +jQuery.easing = { + linear: function( p ) { + return p; + }, + swing: function( p ) { + return 0.5 - Math.cos( p * Math.PI ) / 2; + }, + _default: "swing" +}; + +jQuery.fx = Tween.prototype.init; + +// Back compat <1.8 extension point +jQuery.fx.step = {}; + + + + +var + fxNow, inProgress, + rfxtypes = /^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/, + rrun = /queueHooks$/; + +function schedule() { + if ( inProgress ) { + if ( document.hidden === false && window.requestAnimationFrame ) { + window.requestAnimationFrame( schedule ); + } else { + window.setTimeout( schedule, jQuery.fx.interval ); + } + + jQuery.fx.tick(); + } +} + +// Animations created synchronously will run synchronously +function createFxNow() { + window.setTimeout( function() { + fxNow = undefined; + } ); + return ( fxNow = Date.now() ); +} + +// Generate parameters to create a standard animation +function genFx( type, includeWidth ) { + var which, + i = 0, + attrs = { height: type }; + + // If we include width, step value is 1 to do all cssExpand values, + // otherwise step value is 2 to skip over Left and Right + includeWidth = includeWidth ? 1 : 0; + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 - includeWidth ) { + which = cssExpand[ i ]; + attrs[ "margin" + which ] = attrs[ "padding" + which ] = type; + } + + if ( includeWidth ) { + attrs.opacity = attrs.width = type; + } + + return attrs; +} + +function createTween( value, prop, animation ) { + var tween, + collection = ( Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || [] ).concat( Animation.tweeners[ "*" ] ), + index = 0, + length = collection.length; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( ( tween = collection[ index ].call( animation, prop, value ) ) ) { + + // We're done with this property + return tween; + } + } +} + +function defaultPrefilter( elem, props, opts ) { + var prop, value, toggle, hooks, oldfire, propTween, restoreDisplay, display, + isBox = "width" in props || "height" in props, + anim = this, + orig = {}, + style = elem.style, + hidden = elem.nodeType && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ), + dataShow = dataPriv.get( elem, "fxshow" ); + + // Queue-skipping animations hijack the fx hooks + if ( !opts.queue ) { + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, "fx" ); + if ( hooks.unqueued == null ) { + hooks.unqueued = 0; + oldfire = hooks.empty.fire; + hooks.empty.fire = function() { + if ( !hooks.unqueued ) { + oldfire(); + } + }; + } + hooks.unqueued++; + + anim.always( function() { + + // Ensure the complete handler is called before this completes + anim.always( function() { + hooks.unqueued--; + if ( !jQuery.queue( elem, "fx" ).length ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + } ); + } ); + } + + // Detect show/hide animations + for ( prop in props ) { + value = props[ prop ]; + if ( rfxtypes.test( value ) ) { + delete props[ prop ]; + toggle = toggle || value === "toggle"; + if ( value === ( hidden ? "hide" : "show" ) ) { + + // Pretend to be hidden if this is a "show" and + // there is still data from a stopped show/hide + if ( value === "show" && dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] !== undefined ) { + hidden = true; + + // Ignore all other no-op show/hide data + } else { + continue; + } + } + orig[ prop ] = dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] || jQuery.style( elem, prop ); + } + } + + // Bail out if this is a no-op like .hide().hide() + propTween = !jQuery.isEmptyObject( props ); + if ( !propTween && jQuery.isEmptyObject( orig ) ) { + return; + } + + // Restrict "overflow" and "display" styles during box animations + if ( isBox && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 + // Record all 3 overflow attributes because IE does not infer the shorthand + // from identically-valued overflowX and overflowY and Edge just mirrors + // the overflowX value there. + opts.overflow = [ style.overflow, style.overflowX, style.overflowY ]; + + // Identify a display type, preferring old show/hide data over the CSS cascade + restoreDisplay = dataShow && dataShow.display; + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + restoreDisplay = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ); + } + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + if ( display === "none" ) { + if ( restoreDisplay ) { + display = restoreDisplay; + } else { + + // Get nonempty value(s) by temporarily forcing visibility + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + restoreDisplay = elem.style.display || restoreDisplay; + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + } + + // Animate inline elements as inline-block + if ( display === "inline" || display === "inline-block" && restoreDisplay != null ) { + if ( jQuery.css( elem, "float" ) === "none" ) { + + // Restore the original display value at the end of pure show/hide animations + if ( !propTween ) { + anim.done( function() { + style.display = restoreDisplay; + } ); + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + display = style.display; + restoreDisplay = display === "none" ? "" : display; + } + } + style.display = "inline-block"; + } + } + } + + if ( opts.overflow ) { + style.overflow = "hidden"; + anim.always( function() { + style.overflow = opts.overflow[ 0 ]; + style.overflowX = opts.overflow[ 1 ]; + style.overflowY = opts.overflow[ 2 ]; + } ); + } + + // Implement show/hide animations + propTween = false; + for ( prop in orig ) { + + // General show/hide setup for this element animation + if ( !propTween ) { + if ( dataShow ) { + if ( "hidden" in dataShow ) { + hidden = dataShow.hidden; + } + } else { + dataShow = dataPriv.access( elem, "fxshow", { display: restoreDisplay } ); + } + + // Store hidden/visible for toggle so `.stop().toggle()` "reverses" + if ( toggle ) { + dataShow.hidden = !hidden; + } + + // Show elements before animating them + if ( hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + } + + /* eslint-disable no-loop-func */ + + anim.done( function() { + + /* eslint-enable no-loop-func */ + + // The final step of a "hide" animation is actually hiding the element + if ( !hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + dataPriv.remove( elem, "fxshow" ); + for ( prop in orig ) { + jQuery.style( elem, prop, orig[ prop ] ); + } + } ); + } + + // Per-property setup + propTween = createTween( hidden ? dataShow[ prop ] : 0, prop, anim ); + if ( !( prop in dataShow ) ) { + dataShow[ prop ] = propTween.start; + if ( hidden ) { + propTween.end = propTween.start; + propTween.start = 0; + } + } + } +} + +function propFilter( props, specialEasing ) { + var index, name, easing, value, hooks; + + // camelCase, specialEasing and expand cssHook pass + for ( index in props ) { + name = camelCase( index ); + easing = specialEasing[ name ]; + value = props[ index ]; + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + easing = value[ 1 ]; + value = props[ index ] = value[ 0 ]; + } + + if ( index !== name ) { + props[ name ] = value; + delete props[ index ]; + } + + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ]; + if ( hooks && "expand" in hooks ) { + value = hooks.expand( value ); + delete props[ name ]; + + // Not quite $.extend, this won't overwrite existing keys. + // Reusing 'index' because we have the correct "name" + for ( index in value ) { + if ( !( index in props ) ) { + props[ index ] = value[ index ]; + specialEasing[ index ] = easing; + } + } + } else { + specialEasing[ name ] = easing; + } + } +} + +function Animation( elem, properties, options ) { + var result, + stopped, + index = 0, + length = Animation.prefilters.length, + deferred = jQuery.Deferred().always( function() { + + // Don't match elem in the :animated selector + delete tick.elem; + } ), + tick = function() { + if ( stopped ) { + return false; + } + var currentTime = fxNow || createFxNow(), + remaining = Math.max( 0, animation.startTime + animation.duration - currentTime ), + + // Support: Android 2.3 only + // Archaic crash bug won't allow us to use `1 - ( 0.5 || 0 )` (#12497) + temp = remaining / animation.duration || 0, + percent = 1 - temp, + index = 0, + length = animation.tweens.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( percent ); + } + + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, percent, remaining ] ); + + // If there's more to do, yield + if ( percent < 1 && length ) { + return remaining; + } + + // If this was an empty animation, synthesize a final progress notification + if ( !length ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + } + + // Resolve the animation and report its conclusion + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation ] ); + return false; + }, + animation = deferred.promise( { + elem: elem, + props: jQuery.extend( {}, properties ), + opts: jQuery.extend( true, { + specialEasing: {}, + easing: jQuery.easing._default + }, options ), + originalProperties: properties, + originalOptions: options, + startTime: fxNow || createFxNow(), + duration: options.duration, + tweens: [], + createTween: function( prop, end ) { + var tween = jQuery.Tween( elem, animation.opts, prop, end, + animation.opts.specialEasing[ prop ] || animation.opts.easing ); + animation.tweens.push( tween ); + return tween; + }, + stop: function( gotoEnd ) { + var index = 0, + + // If we are going to the end, we want to run all the tweens + // otherwise we skip this part + length = gotoEnd ? animation.tweens.length : 0; + if ( stopped ) { + return this; + } + stopped = true; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( 1 ); + } + + // Resolve when we played the last frame; otherwise, reject + if ( gotoEnd ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } + return this; + } + } ), + props = animation.props; + + propFilter( props, animation.opts.specialEasing ); + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + result = Animation.prefilters[ index ].call( animation, elem, props, animation.opts ); + if ( result ) { + if ( isFunction( result.stop ) ) { + jQuery._queueHooks( animation.elem, animation.opts.queue ).stop = + result.stop.bind( result ); + } + return result; + } + } + + jQuery.map( props, createTween, animation ); + + if ( isFunction( animation.opts.start ) ) { + animation.opts.start.call( elem, animation ); + } + + // Attach callbacks from options + animation + .progress( animation.opts.progress ) + .done( animation.opts.done, animation.opts.complete ) + .fail( animation.opts.fail ) + .always( animation.opts.always ); + + jQuery.fx.timer( + jQuery.extend( tick, { + elem: elem, + anim: animation, + queue: animation.opts.queue + } ) + ); + + return animation; +} + +jQuery.Animation = jQuery.extend( Animation, { + + tweeners: { + "*": [ function( prop, value ) { + var tween = this.createTween( prop, value ); + adjustCSS( tween.elem, prop, rcssNum.exec( value ), tween ); + return tween; + } ] + }, + + tweener: function( props, callback ) { + if ( isFunction( props ) ) { + callback = props; + props = [ "*" ]; + } else { + props = props.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + } + + var prop, + index = 0, + length = props.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + prop = props[ index ]; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ] = Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || []; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ].unshift( callback ); + } + }, + + prefilters: [ defaultPrefilter ], + + prefilter: function( callback, prepend ) { + if ( prepend ) { + Animation.prefilters.unshift( callback ); + } else { + Animation.prefilters.push( callback ); + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.speed = function( speed, easing, fn ) { + var opt = speed && typeof speed === "object" ? jQuery.extend( {}, speed ) : { + complete: fn || !fn && easing || + isFunction( speed ) && speed, + duration: speed, + easing: fn && easing || easing && !isFunction( easing ) && easing + }; + + // Go to the end state if fx are off + if ( jQuery.fx.off ) { + opt.duration = 0; + + } else { + if ( typeof opt.duration !== "number" ) { + if ( opt.duration in jQuery.fx.speeds ) { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds[ opt.duration ]; + + } else { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds._default; + } + } + } + + // Normalize opt.queue - true/undefined/null -> "fx" + if ( opt.queue == null || opt.queue === true ) { + opt.queue = "fx"; + } + + // Queueing + opt.old = opt.complete; + + opt.complete = function() { + if ( isFunction( opt.old ) ) { + opt.old.call( this ); + } + + if ( opt.queue ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, opt.queue ); + } + }; + + return opt; +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + fadeTo: function( speed, to, easing, callback ) { + + // Show any hidden elements after setting opacity to 0 + return this.filter( isHiddenWithinTree ).css( "opacity", 0 ).show() + + // Animate to the value specified + .end().animate( { opacity: to }, speed, easing, callback ); + }, + animate: function( prop, speed, easing, callback ) { + var empty = jQuery.isEmptyObject( prop ), + optall = jQuery.speed( speed, easing, callback ), + doAnimation = function() { + + // Operate on a copy of prop so per-property easing won't be lost + var anim = Animation( this, jQuery.extend( {}, prop ), optall ); + + // Empty animations, or finishing resolves immediately + if ( empty || dataPriv.get( this, "finish" ) ) { + anim.stop( true ); + } + }; + + doAnimation.finish = doAnimation; + + return empty || optall.queue === false ? + this.each( doAnimation ) : + this.queue( optall.queue, doAnimation ); + }, + stop: function( type, clearQueue, gotoEnd ) { + var stopQueue = function( hooks ) { + var stop = hooks.stop; + delete hooks.stop; + stop( gotoEnd ); + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + gotoEnd = clearQueue; + clearQueue = type; + type = undefined; + } + if ( clearQueue ) { + this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var dequeue = true, + index = type != null && type + "queueHooks", + timers = jQuery.timers, + data = dataPriv.get( this ); + + if ( index ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } else { + for ( index in data ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop && rrun.test( index ) ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } + } + + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && + ( type == null || timers[ index ].queue === type ) ) { + + timers[ index ].anim.stop( gotoEnd ); + dequeue = false; + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Start the next in the queue if the last step wasn't forced. + // Timers currently will call their complete callbacks, which + // will dequeue but only if they were gotoEnd. + if ( dequeue || !gotoEnd ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + finish: function( type ) { + if ( type !== false ) { + type = type || "fx"; + } + return this.each( function() { + var index, + data = dataPriv.get( this ), + queue = data[ type + "queue" ], + hooks = data[ type + "queueHooks" ], + timers = jQuery.timers, + length = queue ? queue.length : 0; + + // Enable finishing flag on private data + data.finish = true; + + // Empty the queue first + jQuery.queue( this, type, [] ); + + if ( hooks && hooks.stop ) { + hooks.stop.call( this, true ); + } + + // Look for any active animations, and finish them + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && timers[ index ].queue === type ) { + timers[ index ].anim.stop( true ); + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Look for any animations in the old queue and finish them + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( queue[ index ] && queue[ index ].finish ) { + queue[ index ].finish.call( this ); + } + } + + // Turn off finishing flag + delete data.finish; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "toggle", "show", "hide" ], function( _i, name ) { + var cssFn = jQuery.fn[ name ]; + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return speed == null || typeof speed === "boolean" ? + cssFn.apply( this, arguments ) : + this.animate( genFx( name, true ), speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +// Generate shortcuts for custom animations +jQuery.each( { + slideDown: genFx( "show" ), + slideUp: genFx( "hide" ), + slideToggle: genFx( "toggle" ), + fadeIn: { opacity: "show" }, + fadeOut: { opacity: "hide" }, + fadeToggle: { opacity: "toggle" } +}, function( name, props ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return this.animate( props, speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.timers = []; +jQuery.fx.tick = function() { + var timer, + i = 0, + timers = jQuery.timers; + + fxNow = Date.now(); + + for ( ; i < timers.length; i++ ) { + timer = timers[ i ]; + + // Run the timer and safely remove it when done (allowing for external removal) + if ( !timer() && timers[ i ] === timer ) { + timers.splice( i--, 1 ); + } + } + + if ( !timers.length ) { + jQuery.fx.stop(); + } + fxNow = undefined; +}; + +jQuery.fx.timer = function( timer ) { + jQuery.timers.push( timer ); + jQuery.fx.start(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.interval = 13; +jQuery.fx.start = function() { + if ( inProgress ) { + return; + } + + inProgress = true; + schedule(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.stop = function() { + inProgress = null; +}; + +jQuery.fx.speeds = { + slow: 600, + fast: 200, + + // Default speed + _default: 400 +}; + + +// Based off of the plugin by Clint Helfers, with permission. +// https://web.archive.org/web/20100324014747/http://blindsignals.com/index.php/2009/07/jquery-delay/ +jQuery.fn.delay = function( time, type ) { + time = jQuery.fx ? jQuery.fx.speeds[ time ] || time : time; + type = type || "fx"; + + return this.queue( type, function( next, hooks ) { + var timeout = window.setTimeout( next, time ); + hooks.stop = function() { + window.clearTimeout( timeout ); + }; + } ); +}; + + +( function() { + var input = document.createElement( "input" ), + select = document.createElement( "select" ), + opt = select.appendChild( document.createElement( "option" ) ); + + input.type = "checkbox"; + + // Support: Android <=4.3 only + // Default value for a checkbox should be "on" + support.checkOn = input.value !== ""; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Must access selectedIndex to make default options select + support.optSelected = opt.selected; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // An input loses its value after becoming a radio + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.value = "t"; + input.type = "radio"; + support.radioValue = input.value === "t"; +} )(); + + +var boolHook, + attrHandle = jQuery.expr.attrHandle; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + attr: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.attr, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeAttr: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.removeAttr( this, name ); + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + attr: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set attributes on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + // Fallback to prop when attributes are not supported + if ( typeof elem.getAttribute === "undefined" ) { + return jQuery.prop( elem, name, value ); + } + + // Attribute hooks are determined by the lowercase version + // Grab necessary hook if one is defined + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + hooks = jQuery.attrHooks[ name.toLowerCase() ] || + ( jQuery.expr.match.bool.test( name ) ? boolHook : undefined ); + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( value === null ) { + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + return; + } + + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + elem.setAttribute( name, value + "" ); + return value; + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = jQuery.find.attr( elem, name ); + + // Non-existent attributes return null, we normalize to undefined + return ret == null ? undefined : ret; + }, + + attrHooks: { + type: { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( !support.radioValue && value === "radio" && + nodeName( elem, "input" ) ) { + var val = elem.value; + elem.setAttribute( "type", value ); + if ( val ) { + elem.value = val; + } + return value; + } + } + } + }, + + removeAttr: function( elem, value ) { + var name, + i = 0, + + // Attribute names can contain non-HTML whitespace characters + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#attributes-2 + attrNames = value && value.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + + if ( attrNames && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + while ( ( name = attrNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + elem.removeAttribute( name ); + } + } + } +} ); + +// Hooks for boolean attributes +boolHook = { + set: function( elem, value, name ) { + if ( value === false ) { + + // Remove boolean attributes when set to false + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + } else { + elem.setAttribute( name, name ); + } + return name; + } +}; + +jQuery.each( jQuery.expr.match.bool.source.match( /\w+/g ), function( _i, name ) { + var getter = attrHandle[ name ] || jQuery.find.attr; + + attrHandle[ name ] = function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var ret, handle, + lowercaseName = name.toLowerCase(); + + if ( !isXML ) { + + // Avoid an infinite loop by temporarily removing this function from the getter + handle = attrHandle[ lowercaseName ]; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = ret; + ret = getter( elem, name, isXML ) != null ? + lowercaseName : + null; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = handle; + } + return ret; + }; +} ); + + + + +var rfocusable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rclickable = /^(?:a|area)$/i; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + prop: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.prop, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeProp: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + delete this[ jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name ]; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + prop: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set properties on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // Fix name and attach hooks + name = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name; + hooks = jQuery.propHooks[ name ]; + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + return ( elem[ name ] = value ); + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + return elem[ name ]; + }, + + propHooks: { + tabIndex: { + get: function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // elem.tabIndex doesn't always return the + // correct value when it hasn't been explicitly set + // https://web.archive.org/web/20141116233347/http://fluidproject.org/blog/2008/01/09/getting-setting-and-removing-tabindex-values-with-javascript/ + // Use proper attribute retrieval(#12072) + var tabindex = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "tabindex" ); + + if ( tabindex ) { + return parseInt( tabindex, 10 ); + } + + if ( + rfocusable.test( elem.nodeName ) || + rclickable.test( elem.nodeName ) && + elem.href + ) { + return 0; + } + + return -1; + } + } + }, + + propFix: { + "for": "htmlFor", + "class": "className" + } +} ); + +// Support: IE <=11 only +// Accessing the selectedIndex property +// forces the browser to respect setting selected +// on the option +// The getter ensures a default option is selected +// when in an optgroup +// eslint rule "no-unused-expressions" is disabled for this code +// since it considers such accessions noop +if ( !support.optSelected ) { + jQuery.propHooks.selected = { + get: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent && parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + return null; + }, + set: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent ) { + parent.selectedIndex; + + if ( parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + } + } + }; +} + +jQuery.each( [ + "tabIndex", + "readOnly", + "maxLength", + "cellSpacing", + "cellPadding", + "rowSpan", + "colSpan", + "useMap", + "frameBorder", + "contentEditable" +], function() { + jQuery.propFix[ this.toLowerCase() ] = this; +} ); + + + + + // Strip and collapse whitespace according to HTML spec + // https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-ascii-whitespace + function stripAndCollapse( value ) { + var tokens = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + return tokens.join( " " ); + } + + +function getClass( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute && elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || ""; +} + +function classesToArray( value ) { + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + return value; + } + if ( typeof value === "string" ) { + return value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + } + return []; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + addClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).addClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + classes = classesToArray( value ); + + if ( classes.length ) { + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) < 0 ) { + cur += clazz + " "; + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + removeClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).removeClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + return this.attr( "class", "" ); + } + + classes = classesToArray( value ); + + if ( classes.length ) { + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + + // This expression is here for better compressibility (see addClass) + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + + // Remove *all* instances + while ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) > -1 ) { + cur = cur.replace( " " + clazz + " ", " " ); + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + toggleClass: function( value, stateVal ) { + var type = typeof value, + isValidValue = type === "string" || Array.isArray( value ); + + if ( typeof stateVal === "boolean" && isValidValue ) { + return stateVal ? this.addClass( value ) : this.removeClass( value ); + } + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).toggleClass( + value.call( this, i, getClass( this ), stateVal ), + stateVal + ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var className, i, self, classNames; + + if ( isValidValue ) { + + // Toggle individual class names + i = 0; + self = jQuery( this ); + classNames = classesToArray( value ); + + while ( ( className = classNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Check each className given, space separated list + if ( self.hasClass( className ) ) { + self.removeClass( className ); + } else { + self.addClass( className ); + } + } + + // Toggle whole class name + } else if ( value === undefined || type === "boolean" ) { + className = getClass( this ); + if ( className ) { + + // Store className if set + dataPriv.set( this, "__className__", className ); + } + + // If the element has a class name or if we're passed `false`, + // then remove the whole classname (if there was one, the above saved it). + // Otherwise bring back whatever was previously saved (if anything), + // falling back to the empty string if nothing was stored. + if ( this.setAttribute ) { + this.setAttribute( "class", + className || value === false ? + "" : + dataPriv.get( this, "__className__" ) || "" + ); + } + } + } ); + }, + + hasClass: function( selector ) { + var className, elem, + i = 0; + + className = " " + selector + " "; + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && + ( " " + stripAndCollapse( getClass( elem ) ) + " " ).indexOf( className ) > -1 ) { + return true; + } + } + + return false; + } +} ); + + + + +var rreturn = /\r/g; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + val: function( value ) { + var hooks, ret, valueIsFunction, + elem = this[ 0 ]; + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + if ( elem ) { + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ elem.type ] || + jQuery.valHooks[ elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + if ( hooks && + "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, "value" ) ) !== undefined + ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = elem.value; + + // Handle most common string cases + if ( typeof ret === "string" ) { + return ret.replace( rreturn, "" ); + } + + // Handle cases where value is null/undef or number + return ret == null ? "" : ret; + } + + return; + } + + valueIsFunction = isFunction( value ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + var val; + + if ( this.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + if ( valueIsFunction ) { + val = value.call( this, i, jQuery( this ).val() ); + } else { + val = value; + } + + // Treat null/undefined as ""; convert numbers to string + if ( val == null ) { + val = ""; + + } else if ( typeof val === "number" ) { + val += ""; + + } else if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + val = jQuery.map( val, function( value ) { + return value == null ? "" : value + ""; + } ); + } + + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ this.type ] || jQuery.valHooks[ this.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + // If set returns undefined, fall back to normal setting + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || hooks.set( this, val, "value" ) === undefined ) { + this.value = val; + } + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + valHooks: { + option: { + get: function( elem ) { + + var val = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "value" ); + return val != null ? + val : + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11 only + // option.text throws exceptions (#14686, #14858) + // Strip and collapse whitespace + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-whitespace + stripAndCollapse( jQuery.text( elem ) ); + } + }, + select: { + get: function( elem ) { + var value, option, i, + options = elem.options, + index = elem.selectedIndex, + one = elem.type === "select-one", + values = one ? null : [], + max = one ? index + 1 : options.length; + + if ( index < 0 ) { + i = max; + + } else { + i = one ? index : 0; + } + + // Loop through all the selected options + for ( ; i < max; i++ ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE8-9 doesn't update selected after form reset (#2551) + if ( ( option.selected || i === index ) && + + // Don't return options that are disabled or in a disabled optgroup + !option.disabled && + ( !option.parentNode.disabled || + !nodeName( option.parentNode, "optgroup" ) ) ) { + + // Get the specific value for the option + value = jQuery( option ).val(); + + // We don't need an array for one selects + if ( one ) { + return value; + } + + // Multi-Selects return an array + values.push( value ); + } + } + + return values; + }, + + set: function( elem, value ) { + var optionSet, option, + options = elem.options, + values = jQuery.makeArray( value ), + i = options.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + /* eslint-disable no-cond-assign */ + + if ( option.selected = + jQuery.inArray( jQuery.valHooks.option.get( option ), values ) > -1 + ) { + optionSet = true; + } + + /* eslint-enable no-cond-assign */ + } + + // Force browsers to behave consistently when non-matching value is set + if ( !optionSet ) { + elem.selectedIndex = -1; + } + return values; + } + } + } +} ); + +// Radios and checkboxes getter/setter +jQuery.each( [ "radio", "checkbox" ], function() { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ] = { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + return ( elem.checked = jQuery.inArray( jQuery( elem ).val(), value ) > -1 ); + } + } + }; + if ( !support.checkOn ) { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ].get = function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute( "value" ) === null ? "on" : elem.value; + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Return jQuery for attributes-only inclusion + + +support.focusin = "onfocusin" in window; + + +var rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/, + stopPropagationCallback = function( e ) { + e.stopPropagation(); + }; + +jQuery.extend( jQuery.event, { + + trigger: function( event, data, elem, onlyHandlers ) { + + var i, cur, tmp, bubbleType, ontype, handle, special, lastElement, + eventPath = [ elem || document ], + type = hasOwn.call( event, "type" ) ? event.type : event, + namespaces = hasOwn.call( event, "namespace" ) ? event.namespace.split( "." ) : []; + + cur = lastElement = tmp = elem = elem || document; + + // Don't do events on text and comment nodes + if ( elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 ) { + return; + } + + // focus/blur morphs to focusin/out; ensure we're not firing them right now + if ( rfocusMorph.test( type + jQuery.event.triggered ) ) { + return; + } + + if ( type.indexOf( "." ) > -1 ) { + + // Namespaced trigger; create a regexp to match event type in handle() + namespaces = type.split( "." ); + type = namespaces.shift(); + namespaces.sort(); + } + ontype = type.indexOf( ":" ) < 0 && "on" + type; + + // Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string + event = event[ jQuery.expando ] ? + event : + new jQuery.Event( type, typeof event === "object" && event ); + + // Trigger bitmask: & 1 for native handlers; & 2 for jQuery (always true) + event.isTrigger = onlyHandlers ? 2 : 3; + event.namespace = namespaces.join( "." ); + event.rnamespace = event.namespace ? + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ) : + null; + + // Clean up the event in case it is being reused + event.result = undefined; + if ( !event.target ) { + event.target = elem; + } + + // Clone any incoming data and prepend the event, creating the handler arg list + data = data == null ? + [ event ] : + jQuery.makeArray( data, [ event ] ); + + // Allow special events to draw outside the lines + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + if ( !onlyHandlers && special.trigger && special.trigger.apply( elem, data ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine event propagation path in advance, per W3C events spec (#9951) + // Bubble up to document, then to window; watch for a global ownerDocument var (#9724) + if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !isWindow( elem ) ) { + + bubbleType = special.delegateType || type; + if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) { + cur = cur.parentNode; + } + for ( ; cur; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + eventPath.push( cur ); + tmp = cur; + } + + // Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM) + if ( tmp === ( elem.ownerDocument || document ) ) { + eventPath.push( tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window ); + } + } + + // Fire handlers on the event path + i = 0; + while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement = cur; + event.type = i > 1 ? + bubbleType : + special.bindType || type; + + // jQuery handler + handle = ( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) )[ event.type ] && + dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" ); + if ( handle ) { + handle.apply( cur, data ); + } + + // Native handler + handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ]; + if ( handle && handle.apply && acceptData( cur ) ) { + event.result = handle.apply( cur, data ); + if ( event.result === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + } + } + } + event.type = type; + + // If nobody prevented the default action, do it now + if ( !onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented() ) { + + if ( ( !special._default || + special._default.apply( eventPath.pop(), data ) === false ) && + acceptData( elem ) ) { + + // Call a native DOM method on the target with the same name as the event. + // Don't do default actions on window, that's where global variables be (#6170) + if ( ontype && isFunction( elem[ type ] ) && !isWindow( elem ) ) { + + // Don't re-trigger an onFOO event when we call its FOO() method + tmp = elem[ ontype ]; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = null; + } + + // Prevent re-triggering of the same event, since we already bubbled it above + jQuery.event.triggered = type; + + if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement.addEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback ); + } + + elem[ type ](); + + if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement.removeEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback ); + } + + jQuery.event.triggered = undefined; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = tmp; + } + } + } + } + + return event.result; + }, + + // Piggyback on a donor event to simulate a different one + // Used only for `focus(in | out)` events + simulate: function( type, elem, event ) { + var e = jQuery.extend( + new jQuery.Event(), + event, + { + type: type, + isSimulated: true + } + ); + + jQuery.event.trigger( e, null, elem ); + } + +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + trigger: function( type, data ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, this ); + } ); + }, + triggerHandler: function( type, data ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ]; + if ( elem ) { + return jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, elem, true ); + } + } +} ); + + +// Support: Firefox <=44 +// Firefox doesn't have focus(in | out) events +// Related ticket - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=687787 +// +// Support: Chrome <=48 - 49, Safari <=9.0 - 9.1 +// focus(in | out) events fire after focus & blur events, +// which is spec violation - http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#events-focusevent-event-order +// Related ticket - https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=449857 +if ( !support.focusin ) { + jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( orig, fix ) { + + // Attach a single capturing handler on the document while someone wants focusin/focusout + var handler = function( event ) { + jQuery.event.simulate( fix, event.target, jQuery.event.fix( event ) ); + }; + + jQuery.event.special[ fix ] = { + setup: function() { + + // Handle: regular nodes (via `this.ownerDocument`), window + // (via `this.document`) & document (via `this`). + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ); + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.addEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + } + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, ( attaches || 0 ) + 1 ); + }, + teardown: function() { + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ) - 1; + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.removeEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + dataPriv.remove( doc, fix ); + + } else { + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, attaches ); + } + } + }; + } ); +} +var location = window.location; + +var nonce = { guid: Date.now() }; + +var rquery = ( /\?/ ); + + + +// Cross-browser xml parsing +jQuery.parseXML = function( data ) { + var xml, parserErrorElem; + if ( !data || typeof data !== "string" ) { + return null; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // IE throws on parseFromString with invalid input. + try { + xml = ( new window.DOMParser() ).parseFromString( data, "text/xml" ); + } catch ( e ) {} + + parserErrorElem = xml && xml.getElementsByTagName( "parsererror" )[ 0 ]; + if ( !xml || parserErrorElem ) { + jQuery.error( "Invalid XML: " + ( + parserErrorElem ? + jQuery.map( parserErrorElem.childNodes, function( el ) { + return el.textContent; + } ).join( "\n" ) : + data + ) ); + } + return xml; +}; + + +var + rbracket = /\[\]$/, + rCRLF = /\r?\n/g, + rsubmitterTypes = /^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i, + rsubmittable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i; + +function buildParams( prefix, obj, traditional, add ) { + var name; + + if ( Array.isArray( obj ) ) { + + // Serialize array item. + jQuery.each( obj, function( i, v ) { + if ( traditional || rbracket.test( prefix ) ) { + + // Treat each array item as a scalar. + add( prefix, v ); + + } else { + + // Item is non-scalar (array or object), encode its numeric index. + buildParams( + prefix + "[" + ( typeof v === "object" && v != null ? i : "" ) + "]", + v, + traditional, + add + ); + } + } ); + + } else if ( !traditional && toType( obj ) === "object" ) { + + // Serialize object item. + for ( name in obj ) { + buildParams( prefix + "[" + name + "]", obj[ name ], traditional, add ); + } + + } else { + + // Serialize scalar item. + add( prefix, obj ); + } +} + +// Serialize an array of form elements or a set of +// key/values into a query string +jQuery.param = function( a, traditional ) { + var prefix, + s = [], + add = function( key, valueOrFunction ) { + + // If value is a function, invoke it and use its return value + var value = isFunction( valueOrFunction ) ? + valueOrFunction() : + valueOrFunction; + + s[ s.length ] = encodeURIComponent( key ) + "=" + + encodeURIComponent( value == null ? "" : value ); + }; + + if ( a == null ) { + return ""; + } + + // If an array was passed in, assume that it is an array of form elements. + if ( Array.isArray( a ) || ( a.jquery && !jQuery.isPlainObject( a ) ) ) { + + // Serialize the form elements + jQuery.each( a, function() { + add( this.name, this.value ); + } ); + + } else { + + // If traditional, encode the "old" way (the way 1.3.2 or older + // did it), otherwise encode params recursively. + for ( prefix in a ) { + buildParams( prefix, a[ prefix ], traditional, add ); + } + } + + // Return the resulting serialization + return s.join( "&" ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + serialize: function() { + return jQuery.param( this.serializeArray() ); + }, + serializeArray: function() { + return this.map( function() { + + // Can add propHook for "elements" to filter or add form elements + var elements = jQuery.prop( this, "elements" ); + return elements ? jQuery.makeArray( elements ) : this; + } ).filter( function() { + var type = this.type; + + // Use .is( ":disabled" ) so that fieldset[disabled] works + return this.name && !jQuery( this ).is( ":disabled" ) && + rsubmittable.test( this.nodeName ) && !rsubmitterTypes.test( type ) && + ( this.checked || !rcheckableType.test( type ) ); + } ).map( function( _i, elem ) { + var val = jQuery( this ).val(); + + if ( val == null ) { + return null; + } + + if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + return jQuery.map( val, function( val ) { + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ); + } + + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ).get(); + } +} ); + + +var + r20 = /%20/g, + rhash = /#.*$/, + rantiCache = /([?&])_=[^&]*/, + rheaders = /^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)$/mg, + + // #7653, #8125, #8152: local protocol detection + rlocalProtocol = /^(?:about|app|app-storage|.+-extension|file|res|widget):$/, + rnoContent = /^(?:GET|HEAD)$/, + rprotocol = /^\/\//, + + /* Prefilters + * 1) They are useful to introduce custom dataTypes (see ajax/jsonp.js for an example) + * 2) These are called: + * - BEFORE asking for a transport + * - AFTER param serialization (s.data is a string if s.processData is true) + * 3) key is the dataType + * 4) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 5) execution will start with transport dataType and THEN continue down to "*" if needed + */ + prefilters = {}, + + /* Transports bindings + * 1) key is the dataType + * 2) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 3) selection will start with transport dataType and THEN go to "*" if needed + */ + transports = {}, + + // Avoid comment-prolog char sequence (#10098); must appease lint and evade compression + allTypes = "*/".concat( "*" ), + + // Anchor tag for parsing the document origin + originAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + +originAnchor.href = location.href; + +// Base "constructor" for jQuery.ajaxPrefilter and jQuery.ajaxTransport +function addToPrefiltersOrTransports( structure ) { + + // dataTypeExpression is optional and defaults to "*" + return function( dataTypeExpression, func ) { + + if ( typeof dataTypeExpression !== "string" ) { + func = dataTypeExpression; + dataTypeExpression = "*"; + } + + var dataType, + i = 0, + dataTypes = dataTypeExpression.toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + + if ( isFunction( func ) ) { + + // For each dataType in the dataTypeExpression + while ( ( dataType = dataTypes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Prepend if requested + if ( dataType[ 0 ] === "+" ) { + dataType = dataType.slice( 1 ) || "*"; + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).unshift( func ); + + // Otherwise append + } else { + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).push( func ); + } + } + } + }; +} + +// Base inspection function for prefilters and transports +function inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( structure, options, originalOptions, jqXHR ) { + + var inspected = {}, + seekingTransport = ( structure === transports ); + + function inspect( dataType ) { + var selected; + inspected[ dataType ] = true; + jQuery.each( structure[ dataType ] || [], function( _, prefilterOrFactory ) { + var dataTypeOrTransport = prefilterOrFactory( options, originalOptions, jqXHR ); + if ( typeof dataTypeOrTransport === "string" && + !seekingTransport && !inspected[ dataTypeOrTransport ] ) { + + options.dataTypes.unshift( dataTypeOrTransport ); + inspect( dataTypeOrTransport ); + return false; + } else if ( seekingTransport ) { + return !( selected = dataTypeOrTransport ); + } + } ); + return selected; + } + + return inspect( options.dataTypes[ 0 ] ) || !inspected[ "*" ] && inspect( "*" ); +} + +// A special extend for ajax options +// that takes "flat" options (not to be deep extended) +// Fixes #9887 +function ajaxExtend( target, src ) { + var key, deep, + flatOptions = jQuery.ajaxSettings.flatOptions || {}; + + for ( key in src ) { + if ( src[ key ] !== undefined ) { + ( flatOptions[ key ] ? target : ( deep || ( deep = {} ) ) )[ key ] = src[ key ]; + } + } + if ( deep ) { + jQuery.extend( true, target, deep ); + } + + return target; +} + +/* Handles responses to an ajax request: + * - finds the right dataType (mediates between content-type and expected dataType) + * - returns the corresponding response + */ +function ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ) { + + var ct, type, finalDataType, firstDataType, + contents = s.contents, + dataTypes = s.dataTypes; + + // Remove auto dataType and get content-type in the process + while ( dataTypes[ 0 ] === "*" ) { + dataTypes.shift(); + if ( ct === undefined ) { + ct = s.mimeType || jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Content-Type" ); + } + } + + // Check if we're dealing with a known content-type + if ( ct ) { + for ( type in contents ) { + if ( contents[ type ] && contents[ type ].test( ct ) ) { + dataTypes.unshift( type ); + break; + } + } + } + + // Check to see if we have a response for the expected dataType + if ( dataTypes[ 0 ] in responses ) { + finalDataType = dataTypes[ 0 ]; + } else { + + // Try convertible dataTypes + for ( type in responses ) { + if ( !dataTypes[ 0 ] || s.converters[ type + " " + dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ) { + finalDataType = type; + break; + } + if ( !firstDataType ) { + firstDataType = type; + } + } + + // Or just use first one + finalDataType = finalDataType || firstDataType; + } + + // If we found a dataType + // We add the dataType to the list if needed + // and return the corresponding response + if ( finalDataType ) { + if ( finalDataType !== dataTypes[ 0 ] ) { + dataTypes.unshift( finalDataType ); + } + return responses[ finalDataType ]; + } +} + +/* Chain conversions given the request and the original response + * Also sets the responseXXX fields on the jqXHR instance + */ +function ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ) { + var conv2, current, conv, tmp, prev, + converters = {}, + + // Work with a copy of dataTypes in case we need to modify it for conversion + dataTypes = s.dataTypes.slice(); + + // Create converters map with lowercased keys + if ( dataTypes[ 1 ] ) { + for ( conv in s.converters ) { + converters[ conv.toLowerCase() ] = s.converters[ conv ]; + } + } + + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + // Convert to each sequential dataType + while ( current ) { + + if ( s.responseFields[ current ] ) { + jqXHR[ s.responseFields[ current ] ] = response; + } + + // Apply the dataFilter if provided + if ( !prev && isSuccess && s.dataFilter ) { + response = s.dataFilter( response, s.dataType ); + } + + prev = current; + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + if ( current ) { + + // There's only work to do if current dataType is non-auto + if ( current === "*" ) { + + current = prev; + + // Convert response if prev dataType is non-auto and differs from current + } else if ( prev !== "*" && prev !== current ) { + + // Seek a direct converter + conv = converters[ prev + " " + current ] || converters[ "* " + current ]; + + // If none found, seek a pair + if ( !conv ) { + for ( conv2 in converters ) { + + // If conv2 outputs current + tmp = conv2.split( " " ); + if ( tmp[ 1 ] === current ) { + + // If prev can be converted to accepted input + conv = converters[ prev + " " + tmp[ 0 ] ] || + converters[ "* " + tmp[ 0 ] ]; + if ( conv ) { + + // Condense equivalence converters + if ( conv === true ) { + conv = converters[ conv2 ]; + + // Otherwise, insert the intermediate dataType + } else if ( converters[ conv2 ] !== true ) { + current = tmp[ 0 ]; + dataTypes.unshift( tmp[ 1 ] ); + } + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Apply converter (if not an equivalence) + if ( conv !== true ) { + + // Unless errors are allowed to bubble, catch and return them + if ( conv && s.throws ) { + response = conv( response ); + } else { + try { + response = conv( response ); + } catch ( e ) { + return { + state: "parsererror", + error: conv ? e : "No conversion from " + prev + " to " + current + }; + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return { state: "success", data: response }; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Counter for holding the number of active queries + active: 0, + + // Last-Modified header cache for next request + lastModified: {}, + etag: {}, + + ajaxSettings: { + url: location.href, + type: "GET", + isLocal: rlocalProtocol.test( location.protocol ), + global: true, + processData: true, + async: true, + contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8", + + /* + timeout: 0, + data: null, + dataType: null, + username: null, + password: null, + cache: null, + throws: false, + traditional: false, + headers: {}, + */ + + accepts: { + "*": allTypes, + text: "text/plain", + html: "text/html", + xml: "application/xml, text/xml", + json: "application/json, text/javascript" + }, + + contents: { + xml: /\bxml\b/, + html: /\bhtml/, + json: /\bjson\b/ + }, + + responseFields: { + xml: "responseXML", + text: "responseText", + json: "responseJSON" + }, + + // Data converters + // Keys separate source (or catchall "*") and destination types with a single space + converters: { + + // Convert anything to text + "* text": String, + + // Text to html (true = no transformation) + "text html": true, + + // Evaluate text as a json expression + "text json": JSON.parse, + + // Parse text as xml + "text xml": jQuery.parseXML + }, + + // For options that shouldn't be deep extended: + // you can add your own custom options here if + // and when you create one that shouldn't be + // deep extended (see ajaxExtend) + flatOptions: { + url: true, + context: true + } + }, + + // Creates a full fledged settings object into target + // with both ajaxSettings and settings fields. + // If target is omitted, writes into ajaxSettings. + ajaxSetup: function( target, settings ) { + return settings ? + + // Building a settings object + ajaxExtend( ajaxExtend( target, jQuery.ajaxSettings ), settings ) : + + // Extending ajaxSettings + ajaxExtend( jQuery.ajaxSettings, target ); + }, + + ajaxPrefilter: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters ), + ajaxTransport: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( transports ), + + // Main method + ajax: function( url, options ) { + + // If url is an object, simulate pre-1.5 signature + if ( typeof url === "object" ) { + options = url; + url = undefined; + } + + // Force options to be an object + options = options || {}; + + var transport, + + // URL without anti-cache param + cacheURL, + + // Response headers + responseHeadersString, + responseHeaders, + + // timeout handle + timeoutTimer, + + // Url cleanup var + urlAnchor, + + // Request state (becomes false upon send and true upon completion) + completed, + + // To know if global events are to be dispatched + fireGlobals, + + // Loop variable + i, + + // uncached part of the url + uncached, + + // Create the final options object + s = jQuery.ajaxSetup( {}, options ), + + // Callbacks context + callbackContext = s.context || s, + + // Context for global events is callbackContext if it is a DOM node or jQuery collection + globalEventContext = s.context && + ( callbackContext.nodeType || callbackContext.jquery ) ? + jQuery( callbackContext ) : + jQuery.event, + + // Deferreds + deferred = jQuery.Deferred(), + completeDeferred = jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode = s.statusCode || {}, + + // Headers (they are sent all at once) + requestHeaders = {}, + requestHeadersNames = {}, + + // Default abort message + strAbort = "canceled", + + // Fake xhr + jqXHR = { + readyState: 0, + + // Builds headers hashtable if needed + getResponseHeader: function( key ) { + var match; + if ( completed ) { + if ( !responseHeaders ) { + responseHeaders = {}; + while ( ( match = rheaders.exec( responseHeadersString ) ) ) { + responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] = + ( responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] || [] ) + .concat( match[ 2 ] ); + } + } + match = responseHeaders[ key.toLowerCase() + " " ]; + } + return match == null ? null : match.join( ", " ); + }, + + // Raw string + getAllResponseHeaders: function() { + return completed ? responseHeadersString : null; + }, + + // Caches the header + setRequestHeader: function( name, value ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + name = requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] = + requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] || name; + requestHeaders[ name ] = value; + } + return this; + }, + + // Overrides response content-type header + overrideMimeType: function( type ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + s.mimeType = type; + } + return this; + }, + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode: function( map ) { + var code; + if ( map ) { + if ( completed ) { + + // Execute the appropriate callbacks + jqXHR.always( map[ jqXHR.status ] ); + } else { + + // Lazy-add the new callbacks in a way that preserves old ones + for ( code in map ) { + statusCode[ code ] = [ statusCode[ code ], map[ code ] ]; + } + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Cancel the request + abort: function( statusText ) { + var finalText = statusText || strAbort; + if ( transport ) { + transport.abort( finalText ); + } + done( 0, finalText ); + return this; + } + }; + + // Attach deferreds + deferred.promise( jqXHR ); + + // Add protocol if not provided (prefilters might expect it) + // Handle falsy url in the settings object (#10093: consistency with old signature) + // We also use the url parameter if available + s.url = ( ( url || s.url || location.href ) + "" ) + .replace( rprotocol, location.protocol + "//" ); + + // Alias method option to type as per ticket #12004 + s.type = options.method || options.type || s.method || s.type; + + // Extract dataTypes list + s.dataTypes = ( s.dataType || "*" ).toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + + // A cross-domain request is in order when the origin doesn't match the current origin. + if ( s.crossDomain == null ) { + urlAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 + // IE throws exception on accessing the href property if url is malformed, + // e.g. http://example.com:80x/ + try { + urlAnchor.href = s.url; + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11 only + // Anchor's host property isn't correctly set when s.url is relative + urlAnchor.href = urlAnchor.href; + s.crossDomain = originAnchor.protocol + "//" + originAnchor.host !== + urlAnchor.protocol + "//" + urlAnchor.host; + } catch ( e ) { + + // If there is an error parsing the URL, assume it is crossDomain, + // it can be rejected by the transport if it is invalid + s.crossDomain = true; + } + } + + // Convert data if not already a string + if ( s.data && s.processData && typeof s.data !== "string" ) { + s.data = jQuery.param( s.data, s.traditional ); + } + + // Apply prefilters + inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If request was aborted inside a prefilter, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // We can fire global events as of now if asked to + // Don't fire events if jQuery.event is undefined in an AMD-usage scenario (#15118) + fireGlobals = jQuery.event && s.global; + + // Watch for a new set of requests + if ( fireGlobals && jQuery.active++ === 0 ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStart" ); + } + + // Uppercase the type + s.type = s.type.toUpperCase(); + + // Determine if request has content + s.hasContent = !rnoContent.test( s.type ); + + // Save the URL in case we're toying with the If-Modified-Since + // and/or If-None-Match header later on + // Remove hash to simplify url manipulation + cacheURL = s.url.replace( rhash, "" ); + + // More options handling for requests with no content + if ( !s.hasContent ) { + + // Remember the hash so we can put it back + uncached = s.url.slice( cacheURL.length ); + + // If data is available and should be processed, append data to url + if ( s.data && ( s.processData || typeof s.data === "string" ) ) { + cacheURL += ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.data; + + // #9682: remove data so that it's not used in an eventual retry + delete s.data; + } + + // Add or update anti-cache param if needed + if ( s.cache === false ) { + cacheURL = cacheURL.replace( rantiCache, "$1" ); + uncached = ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + "_=" + ( nonce.guid++ ) + + uncached; + } + + // Put hash and anti-cache on the URL that will be requested (gh-1732) + s.url = cacheURL + uncached; + + // Change '%20' to '+' if this is encoded form body content (gh-2658) + } else if ( s.data && s.processData && + ( s.contentType || "" ).indexOf( "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ) === 0 ) { + s.data = s.data.replace( r20, "+" ); + } + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + if ( jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-Modified-Since", jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ); + } + if ( jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-None-Match", jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ); + } + } + + // Set the correct header, if data is being sent + if ( s.data && s.hasContent && s.contentType !== false || options.contentType ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "Content-Type", s.contentType ); + } + + // Set the Accepts header for the server, depending on the dataType + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( + "Accept", + s.dataTypes[ 0 ] && s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ? + s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] + + ( s.dataTypes[ 0 ] !== "*" ? ", " + allTypes + "; q=0.01" : "" ) : + s.accepts[ "*" ] + ); + + // Check for headers option + for ( i in s.headers ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( i, s.headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Allow custom headers/mimetypes and early abort + if ( s.beforeSend && + ( s.beforeSend.call( callbackContext, jqXHR, s ) === false || completed ) ) { + + // Abort if not done already and return + return jqXHR.abort(); + } + + // Aborting is no longer a cancellation + strAbort = "abort"; + + // Install callbacks on deferreds + completeDeferred.add( s.complete ); + jqXHR.done( s.success ); + jqXHR.fail( s.error ); + + // Get transport + transport = inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( transports, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If no transport, we auto-abort + if ( !transport ) { + done( -1, "No Transport" ); + } else { + jqXHR.readyState = 1; + + // Send global event + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxSend", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + } + + // If request was aborted inside ajaxSend, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // Timeout + if ( s.async && s.timeout > 0 ) { + timeoutTimer = window.setTimeout( function() { + jqXHR.abort( "timeout" ); + }, s.timeout ); + } + + try { + completed = false; + transport.send( requestHeaders, done ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // Rethrow post-completion exceptions + if ( completed ) { + throw e; + } + + // Propagate others as results + done( -1, e ); + } + } + + // Callback for when everything is done + function done( status, nativeStatusText, responses, headers ) { + var isSuccess, success, error, response, modified, + statusText = nativeStatusText; + + // Ignore repeat invocations + if ( completed ) { + return; + } + + completed = true; + + // Clear timeout if it exists + if ( timeoutTimer ) { + window.clearTimeout( timeoutTimer ); + } + + // Dereference transport for early garbage collection + // (no matter how long the jqXHR object will be used) + transport = undefined; + + // Cache response headers + responseHeadersString = headers || ""; + + // Set readyState + jqXHR.readyState = status > 0 ? 4 : 0; + + // Determine if successful + isSuccess = status >= 200 && status < 300 || status === 304; + + // Get response data + if ( responses ) { + response = ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ); + } + + // Use a noop converter for missing script but not if jsonp + if ( !isSuccess && + jQuery.inArray( "script", s.dataTypes ) > -1 && + jQuery.inArray( "json", s.dataTypes ) < 0 ) { + s.converters[ "text script" ] = function() {}; + } + + // Convert no matter what (that way responseXXX fields are always set) + response = ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ); + + // If successful, handle type chaining + if ( isSuccess ) { + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Last-Modified" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "etag" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + } + + // if no content + if ( status === 204 || s.type === "HEAD" ) { + statusText = "nocontent"; + + // if not modified + } else if ( status === 304 ) { + statusText = "notmodified"; + + // If we have data, let's convert it + } else { + statusText = response.state; + success = response.data; + error = response.error; + isSuccess = !error; + } + } else { + + // Extract error from statusText and normalize for non-aborts + error = statusText; + if ( status || !statusText ) { + statusText = "error"; + if ( status < 0 ) { + status = 0; + } + } + } + + // Set data for the fake xhr object + jqXHR.status = status; + jqXHR.statusText = ( nativeStatusText || statusText ) + ""; + + // Success/Error + if ( isSuccess ) { + deferred.resolveWith( callbackContext, [ success, statusText, jqXHR ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText, error ] ); + } + + // Status-dependent callbacks + jqXHR.statusCode( statusCode ); + statusCode = undefined; + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( isSuccess ? "ajaxSuccess" : "ajaxError", + [ jqXHR, s, isSuccess ? success : error ] ); + } + + // Complete + completeDeferred.fireWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText ] ); + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxComplete", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + + // Handle the global AJAX counter + if ( !( --jQuery.active ) ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStop" ); + } + } + } + + return jqXHR; + }, + + getJSON: function( url, data, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, data, callback, "json" ); + }, + + getScript: function( url, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, undefined, callback, "script" ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "get", "post" ], function( _i, method ) { + jQuery[ method ] = function( url, data, callback, type ) { + + // Shift arguments if data argument was omitted + if ( isFunction( data ) ) { + type = type || callback; + callback = data; + data = undefined; + } + + // The url can be an options object (which then must have .url) + return jQuery.ajax( jQuery.extend( { + url: url, + type: method, + dataType: type, + data: data, + success: callback + }, jQuery.isPlainObject( url ) && url ) ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) { + var i; + for ( i in s.headers ) { + if ( i.toLowerCase() === "content-type" ) { + s.contentType = s.headers[ i ] || ""; + } + } +} ); + + +jQuery._evalUrl = function( url, options, doc ) { + return jQuery.ajax( { + url: url, + + // Make this explicit, since user can override this through ajaxSetup (#11264) + type: "GET", + dataType: "script", + cache: true, + async: false, + global: false, + + // Only evaluate the response if it is successful (gh-4126) + // dataFilter is not invoked for failure responses, so using it instead + // of the default converter is kludgy but it works. + converters: { + "text script": function() {} + }, + dataFilter: function( response ) { + jQuery.globalEval( response, options, doc ); + } + } ); +}; + + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + wrapAll: function( html ) { + var wrap; + + if ( this[ 0 ] ) { + if ( isFunction( html ) ) { + html = html.call( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // The elements to wrap the target around + wrap = jQuery( html, this[ 0 ].ownerDocument ).eq( 0 ).clone( true ); + + if ( this[ 0 ].parentNode ) { + wrap.insertBefore( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + wrap.map( function() { + var elem = this; + + while ( elem.firstElementChild ) { + elem = elem.firstElementChild; + } + + return elem; + } ).append( this ); + } + + return this; + }, + + wrapInner: function( html ) { + if ( isFunction( html ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapInner( html.call( this, i ) ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var self = jQuery( this ), + contents = self.contents(); + + if ( contents.length ) { + contents.wrapAll( html ); + + } else { + self.append( html ); + } + } ); + }, + + wrap: function( html ) { + var htmlIsFunction = isFunction( html ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapAll( htmlIsFunction ? html.call( this, i ) : html ); + } ); + }, + + unwrap: function( selector ) { + this.parent( selector ).not( "body" ).each( function() { + jQuery( this ).replaceWith( this.childNodes ); + } ); + return this; + } +} ); + + +jQuery.expr.pseudos.hidden = function( elem ) { + return !jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible( elem ); +}; +jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible = function( elem ) { + return !!( elem.offsetWidth || elem.offsetHeight || elem.getClientRects().length ); +}; + + + + +jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr = function() { + try { + return new window.XMLHttpRequest(); + } catch ( e ) {} +}; + +var xhrSuccessStatus = { + + // File protocol always yields status code 0, assume 200 + 0: 200, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // #1450: sometimes IE returns 1223 when it should be 204 + 1223: 204 + }, + xhrSupported = jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr(); + +support.cors = !!xhrSupported && ( "withCredentials" in xhrSupported ); +support.ajax = xhrSupported = !!xhrSupported; + +jQuery.ajaxTransport( function( options ) { + var callback, errorCallback; + + // Cross domain only allowed if supported through XMLHttpRequest + if ( support.cors || xhrSupported && !options.crossDomain ) { + return { + send: function( headers, complete ) { + var i, + xhr = options.xhr(); + + xhr.open( + options.type, + options.url, + options.async, + options.username, + options.password + ); + + // Apply custom fields if provided + if ( options.xhrFields ) { + for ( i in options.xhrFields ) { + xhr[ i ] = options.xhrFields[ i ]; + } + } + + // Override mime type if needed + if ( options.mimeType && xhr.overrideMimeType ) { + xhr.overrideMimeType( options.mimeType ); + } + + // X-Requested-With header + // For cross-domain requests, seeing as conditions for a preflight are + // akin to a jigsaw puzzle, we simply never set it to be sure. + // (it can always be set on a per-request basis or even using ajaxSetup) + // For same-domain requests, won't change header if already provided. + if ( !options.crossDomain && !headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] ) { + headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] = "XMLHttpRequest"; + } + + // Set headers + for ( i in headers ) { + xhr.setRequestHeader( i, headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Callback + callback = function( type ) { + return function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback = errorCallback = xhr.onload = + xhr.onerror = xhr.onabort = xhr.ontimeout = + xhr.onreadystatechange = null; + + if ( type === "abort" ) { + xhr.abort(); + } else if ( type === "error" ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // On a manual native abort, IE9 throws + // errors on any property access that is not readyState + if ( typeof xhr.status !== "number" ) { + complete( 0, "error" ); + } else { + complete( + + // File: protocol always yields status 0; see #8605, #14207 + xhr.status, + xhr.statusText + ); + } + } else { + complete( + xhrSuccessStatus[ xhr.status ] || xhr.status, + xhr.statusText, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE9 has no XHR2 but throws on binary (trac-11426) + // For XHR2 non-text, let the caller handle it (gh-2498) + ( xhr.responseType || "text" ) !== "text" || + typeof xhr.responseText !== "string" ? + { binary: xhr.response } : + { text: xhr.responseText }, + xhr.getAllResponseHeaders() + ); + } + } + }; + }; + + // Listen to events + xhr.onload = callback(); + errorCallback = xhr.onerror = xhr.ontimeout = callback( "error" ); + + // Support: IE 9 only + // Use onreadystatechange to replace onabort + // to handle uncaught aborts + if ( xhr.onabort !== undefined ) { + xhr.onabort = errorCallback; + } else { + xhr.onreadystatechange = function() { + + // Check readyState before timeout as it changes + if ( xhr.readyState === 4 ) { + + // Allow onerror to be called first, + // but that will not handle a native abort + // Also, save errorCallback to a variable + // as xhr.onerror cannot be accessed + window.setTimeout( function() { + if ( callback ) { + errorCallback(); + } + } ); + } + }; + } + + // Create the abort callback + callback = callback( "abort" ); + + try { + + // Do send the request (this may raise an exception) + xhr.send( options.hasContent && options.data || null ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // #14683: Only rethrow if this hasn't been notified as an error yet + if ( callback ) { + throw e; + } + } + }, + + abort: function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback(); + } + } + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Prevent auto-execution of scripts when no explicit dataType was provided (See gh-2432) +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) { + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.contents.script = false; + } +} ); + +// Install script dataType +jQuery.ajaxSetup( { + accepts: { + script: "text/javascript, application/javascript, " + + "application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript" + }, + contents: { + script: /\b(?:java|ecma)script\b/ + }, + converters: { + "text script": function( text ) { + jQuery.globalEval( text ); + return text; + } + } +} ); + +// Handle cache's special case and crossDomain +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "script", function( s ) { + if ( s.cache === undefined ) { + s.cache = false; + } + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.type = "GET"; + } +} ); + +// Bind script tag hack transport +jQuery.ajaxTransport( "script", function( s ) { + + // This transport only deals with cross domain or forced-by-attrs requests + if ( s.crossDomain || s.scriptAttrs ) { + var script, callback; + return { + send: function( _, complete ) { + script = jQuery( " +{% endmacro %} diff --git a/_static/scripts/bootstrap.js b/_static/scripts/bootstrap.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bda8a60 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/scripts/bootstrap.js @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +/*! 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NAME(){return"swipe"}dispose(){ue.off(this._element,ke)}_start(t){this._supportPointerEvents?this._eventIsPointerPenTouch(t)&&(this._deltaX=t.clientX):this._deltaX=t.touches[0].clientX}_end(t){this._eventIsPointerPenTouch(t)&&(this._deltaX=t.clientX-this._deltaX),this._handleSwipe(),Qt(this._config.endCallback)}_move(t){this._deltaX=t.touches&&t.touches.length>1?0:t.touches[0].clientX-this._deltaX}_handleSwipe(){const t=Math.abs(this._deltaX);if(t<=40)return;const e=t/this._deltaX;this._deltaX=0,e&&Qt(e>0?this._config.rightCallback:this._config.leftCallback)}_initEvents(){this._supportPointerEvents?(ue.on(this._element,$e,(t=>this._start(t))),ue.on(this._element,Ie,(t=>this._end(t))),this._element.classList.add("pointer-event")):(ue.on(this._element,Le,(t=>this._start(t))),ue.on(this._element,Se,(t=>this._move(t))),ue.on(this._element,De,(t=>this._end(t))))}_eventIsPointerPenTouch(t){return this._supportPointerEvents&&("pen"===t.pointerType||"touch"===t.pointerType)}static 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t.defaultInterval=t.interval,t}_addEventListeners(){this._config.keyboard&&ue.on(this._element,Ve,(t=>this._keydown(t))),"hover"===this._config.pause&&(ue.on(this._element,Ye,(()=>this.pause())),ue.on(this._element,Ke,(()=>this._maybeEnableCycle()))),this._config.touch&&Me.isSupported()&&this._addTouchEventListeners()}_addTouchEventListeners(){for(const t of ye.find(".carousel-item img",this._element))ue.on(t,Qe,(t=>t.preventDefault()));const t={leftCallback:()=>this._slide(this._directionToOrder(We)),rightCallback:()=>this._slide(this._directionToOrder(ze)),endCallback:()=>{"hover"===this._config.pause&&(this.pause(),this.touchTimeout&&clearTimeout(this.touchTimeout),this.touchTimeout=setTimeout((()=>this._maybeEnableCycle()),500+this._config.interval))}};this._swipeHelper=new Me(this._element,t)}_keydown(t){if(/input|textarea/i.test(t.target.tagName))return;const e=ii[t.key];e&&(t.preventDefault(),this._slide(this._directionToOrder(e)))}_getItemIndex(t){return this._getItems().indexOf(t)}_setActiveIndicatorElement(t){if(!this._indicatorsElement)return;const e=ye.findOne(Ze,this._indicatorsElement);e.classList.remove(Je),e.removeAttribute("aria-current");const i=ye.findOne(`[data-bs-slide-to="${t}"]`,this._indicatorsElement);i&&(i.classList.add(Je),i.setAttribute("aria-current","true"))}_updateInterval(){const t=this._activeElement||this._getActive();if(!t)return;const e=Number.parseInt(t.getAttribute("data-bs-interval"),10);this._config.interval=e||this._config.defaultInterval}_slide(t,e=null){if(this._isSliding)return;const i=this._getActive(),n=t===He,s=e||Ut(this._getItems(),i,n,this._config.wrap);if(s===i)return;const o=this._getItemIndex(s),r=e=>ue.trigger(this._element,e,{relatedTarget:s,direction:this._orderToDirection(t),from:this._getItemIndex(i),to:o});if(r(Re).defaultPrevented)return;if(!i||!s)return;const a=Boolean(this._interval);this.pause(),this._isSliding=!0,this._setActiveIndicatorElement(o),this._activeElement=s;const l=n?"carousel-item-start":"carousel-item-end",c=n?"carousel-item-next":"carousel-item-prev";s.classList.add(c),Rt(s),i.classList.add(l),s.classList.add(l),this._queueCallback((()=>{s.classList.remove(l,c),s.classList.add(Je),i.classList.remove(Je,c,l),this._isSliding=!1,r(qe)}),i,this._isAnimated()),a&&this.cycle()}_isAnimated(){return this._element.classList.contains("slide")}_getActive(){return ye.findOne(ei,this._element)}_getItems(){return ye.find(ti,this._element)}_clearInterval(){this._interval&&(clearInterval(this._interval),this._interval=null)}_directionToOrder(t){return Yt()?t===We?Be:He:t===We?He:Be}_orderToDirection(t){return Yt()?t===Be?We:ze:t===Be?ze:We}static jQueryInterface(t){return this.each((function(){const e=oi.getOrCreateInstance(this,t);if("number"!=typeof t){if("string"==typeof t){if(void 0===e[t]||t.startsWith("_")||"constructor"===t)throw new TypeError(`No method named "${t}"`);e[t]()}}else e.to(t)}))}}ue.on(document,Ue,"[data-bs-slide], [data-bs-slide-to]",(function(t){const e=ye.getElementFromSelector(this);if(!e||!e.classList.contains(Ge))return;t.preventDefault();const i=oi.getOrCreateInstance(e),n=this.getAttribute("data-bs-slide-to");return n?(i.to(n),void i._maybeEnableCycle()):"next"===ge.getDataAttribute(this,"slide")?(i.next(),void i._maybeEnableCycle()):(i.prev(),void i._maybeEnableCycle())})),ue.on(window,Xe,(()=>{const t=ye.find('[data-bs-ride="carousel"]');for(const e of t)oi.getOrCreateInstance(e)})),Kt(oi);const ri=".bs.collapse",ai=`show${ri}`,li=`shown${ri}`,ci=`hide${ri}`,hi=`hidden${ri}`,di=`click${ri}.data-api`,ui="show",fi="collapse",pi="collapsing",mi=`:scope .${fi} .${fi}`,gi='[data-bs-toggle="collapse"]',_i={parent:null,toggle:!0},bi={parent:"(null|element)",toggle:"boolean"};class vi extends be{constructor(t,e){super(t,e),this._isTransitioning=!1,this._triggerArray=[];const i=ye.find(gi);for(const t of i){const e=ye.getSelectorFromElement(t),i=ye.find(e).filter((t=>t===this._element));null!==e&&i.length&&this._triggerArray.push(t)}this._initializeChildren(),this._config.parent||this._addAriaAndCollapsedClass(this._triggerArray,this._isShown()),this._config.toggle&&this.toggle()}static get Default(){return _i}static get DefaultType(){return bi}static get NAME(){return"collapse"}toggle(){this._isShown()?this.hide():this.show()}show(){if(this._isTransitioning||this._isShown())return;let t=[];if(this._config.parent&&(t=this._getFirstLevelChildren(".collapse.show, .collapse.collapsing").filter((t=>t!==this._element)).map((t=>vi.getOrCreateInstance(t,{toggle:!1})))),t.length&&t[0]._isTransitioning)return;if(ue.trigger(this._element,ai).defaultPrevented)return;for(const e of t)e.hide();const e=this._getDimension();this._element.classList.remove(fi),this._element.classList.add(pi),this._element.style[e]=0,this._addAriaAndCollapsedClass(this._triggerArray,!0),this._isTransitioning=!0;const i=`scroll${e[0].toUpperCase()+e.slice(1)}`;this._queueCallback((()=>{this._isTransitioning=!1,this._element.classList.remove(pi),this._element.classList.add(fi,ui),this._element.style[e]="",ue.trigger(this._element,li)}),this._element,!0),this._element.style[e]=`${this._element[i]}px`}hide(){if(this._isTransitioning||!this._isShown())return;if(ue.trigger(this._element,ci).defaultPrevented)return;const t=this._getDimension();this._element.style[t]=`${this._element.getBoundingClientRect()[t]}px`,Rt(this._element),this._element.classList.add(pi),this._element.classList.remove(fi,ui);for(const t of this._triggerArray){const e=ye.getElementFromSelector(t);e&&!this._isShown(e)&&this._addAriaAndCollapsedClass([t],!1)}this._isTransitioning=!0,this._element.style[t]="",this._queueCallback((()=>{this._isTransitioning=!1,this._element.classList.remove(pi),this._element.classList.add(fi),ue.trigger(this._element,hi)}),this._element,!0)}_isShown(t=this._element){return t.classList.contains(ui)}_configAfterMerge(t){return t.toggle=Boolean(t.toggle),t.parent=Ft(t.parent),t}_getDimension(){return this._element.classList.contains("collapse-horizontal")?"width":"height"}_initializeChildren(){if(!this._config.parent)return;const t=this._getFirstLevelChildren(gi);for(const e of t){const t=ye.getElementFromSelector(e);t&&this._addAriaAndCollapsedClass([e],this._isShown(t))}}_getFirstLevelChildren(t){const e=ye.find(mi,this._config.parent);return ye.find(t,this._config.parent).filter((t=>!e.includes(t)))}_addAriaAndCollapsedClass(t,e){if(t.length)for(const i of t)i.classList.toggle("collapsed",!e),i.setAttribute("aria-expanded",e)}static jQueryInterface(t){const e={};return"string"==typeof t&&/show|hide/.test(t)&&(e.toggle=!1),this.each((function(){const i=vi.getOrCreateInstance(this,e);if("string"==typeof t){if(void 0===i[t])throw new TypeError(`No method named "${t}"`);i[t]()}}))}}ue.on(document,di,gi,(function(t){("A"===t.target.tagName||t.delegateTarget&&"A"===t.delegateTarget.tagName)&&t.preventDefault();for(const t of ye.getMultipleElementsFromSelector(this))vi.getOrCreateInstance(t,{toggle:!1}).toggle()})),Kt(vi);const yi="dropdown",wi=".bs.dropdown",Ei=".data-api",Ai="ArrowUp",Ti="ArrowDown",Ci=`hide${wi}`,Oi=`hidden${wi}`,xi=`show${wi}`,ki=`shown${wi}`,Li=`click${wi}${Ei}`,Si=`keydown${wi}${Ei}`,Di=`keyup${wi}${Ei}`,$i="show",Ii='[data-bs-toggle="dropdown"]:not(.disabled):not(:disabled)',Ni=`${Ii}.${$i}`,Pi=".dropdown-menu",Mi=Yt()?"top-end":"top-start",ji=Yt()?"top-start":"top-end",Fi=Yt()?"bottom-end":"bottom-start",Hi=Yt()?"bottom-start":"bottom-end",Bi=Yt()?"left-start":"right-start",Wi=Yt()?"right-start":"left-start",zi={autoClose:!0,boundary:"clippingParents",display:"dynamic",offset:[0,2],popperConfig:null,reference:"toggle"},Ri={autoClose:"(boolean|string)",boundary:"(string|element)",display:"string",offset:"(array|string|function)",popperConfig:"(null|object|function)",reference:"(string|element|object)"};class qi extends be{constructor(t,e){super(t,e),this._popper=null,this._parent=this._element.parentNode,this._menu=ye.next(this._element,Pi)[0]||ye.prev(this._element,Pi)[0]||ye.findOne(Pi,this._parent),this._inNavbar=this._detectNavbar()}static get Default(){return zi}static get DefaultType(){return Ri}static get NAME(){return yi}toggle(){return this._isShown()?this.hide():this.show()}show(){if(Bt(this._element)||this._isShown())return;const t={relatedTarget:this._element};if(!ue.trigger(this._element,xi,t).defaultPrevented){if(this._createPopper(),"ontouchstart"in document.documentElement&&!this._parent.closest(".navbar-nav"))for(const t of[].concat(...document.body.children))ue.on(t,"mouseover",zt);this._element.focus(),this._element.setAttribute("aria-expanded",!0),this._menu.classList.add($i),this._element.classList.add($i),ue.trigger(this._element,ki,t)}}hide(){if(Bt(this._element)||!this._isShown())return;const t={relatedTarget:this._element};this._completeHide(t)}dispose(){this._popper&&this._popper.destroy(),super.dispose()}update(){this._inNavbar=this._detectNavbar(),this._popper&&this._popper.update()}_completeHide(t){if(!ue.trigger(this._element,Ci,t).defaultPrevented){if("ontouchstart"in document.documentElement)for(const t of[].concat(...document.body.children))ue.off(t,"mouseover",zt);this._popper&&this._popper.destroy(),this._menu.classList.remove($i),this._element.classList.remove($i),this._element.setAttribute("aria-expanded","false"),ge.removeDataAttribute(this._menu,"popper"),ue.trigger(this._element,Oi,t)}}_getConfig(t){if("object"==typeof(t=super._getConfig(t)).reference&&!jt(t.reference)&&"function"!=typeof t.reference.getBoundingClientRect)throw new TypeError(`${yi.toUpperCase()}: Option "reference" provided type "object" without a required "getBoundingClientRect" method.`);return t}_createPopper(){if(void 0===e)throw new TypeError("Bootstrap's dropdowns require Popper (https://popper.js.org)");let t=this._element;"parent"===this._config.reference?t=this._parent:jt(this._config.reference)?t=Ft(this._config.reference):"object"==typeof this._config.reference&&(t=this._config.reference);const i=this._getPopperConfig();this._popper=St(t,this._menu,i)}_isShown(){return this._menu.classList.contains($i)}_getPlacement(){const t=this._parent;if(t.classList.contains("dropend"))return Bi;if(t.classList.contains("dropstart"))return Wi;if(t.classList.contains("dropup-center"))return"top";if(t.classList.contains("dropdown-center"))return"bottom";const e="end"===getComputedStyle(this._menu).getPropertyValue("--bs-position").trim();return t.classList.contains("dropup")?e?ji:Mi:e?Hi:Fi}_detectNavbar(){return null!==this._element.closest(".navbar")}_getOffset(){const{offset:t}=this._config;return"string"==typeof t?t.split(",").map((t=>Number.parseInt(t,10))):"function"==typeof t?e=>t(e,this._element):t}_getPopperConfig(){const t={placement:this._getPlacement(),modifiers:[{name:"preventOverflow",options:{boundary:this._config.boundary}},{name:"offset",options:{offset:this._getOffset()}}]};return(this._inNavbar||"static"===this._config.display)&&(ge.setDataAttribute(this._menu,"popper","static"),t.modifiers=[{name:"applyStyles",enabled:!1}]),{...t,...Qt(this._config.popperConfig,[t])}}_selectMenuItem({key:t,target:e}){const i=ye.find(".dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:not(.disabled):not(:disabled)",this._menu).filter((t=>Ht(t)));i.length&&Ut(i,e,t===Ti,!i.includes(e)).focus()}static jQueryInterface(t){return this.each((function(){const e=qi.getOrCreateInstance(this,t);if("string"==typeof t){if(void 0===e[t])throw new TypeError(`No method named "${t}"`);e[t]()}}))}static clearMenus(t){if(2===t.button||"keyup"===t.type&&"Tab"!==t.key)return;const e=ye.find(Ni);for(const i of e){const e=qi.getInstance(i);if(!e||!1===e._config.autoClose)continue;const n=t.composedPath(),s=n.includes(e._menu);if(n.includes(e._element)||"inside"===e._config.autoClose&&!s||"outside"===e._config.autoClose&&s)continue;if(e._menu.contains(t.target)&&("keyup"===t.type&&"Tab"===t.key||/input|select|option|textarea|form/i.test(t.target.tagName)))continue;const o={relatedTarget:e._element};"click"===t.type&&(o.clickEvent=t),e._completeHide(o)}}static dataApiKeydownHandler(t){const e=/input|textarea/i.test(t.target.tagName),i="Escape"===t.key,n=[Ai,Ti].includes(t.key);if(!n&&!i)return;if(e&&!i)return;t.preventDefault();const s=this.matches(Ii)?this:ye.prev(this,Ii)[0]||ye.next(this,Ii)[0]||ye.findOne(Ii,t.delegateTarget.parentNode),o=qi.getOrCreateInstance(s);if(n)return t.stopPropagation(),o.show(),void o._selectMenuItem(t);o._isShown()&&(t.stopPropagation(),o.hide(),s.focus())}}ue.on(document,Si,Ii,qi.dataApiKeydownHandler),ue.on(document,Si,Pi,qi.dataApiKeydownHandler),ue.on(document,Li,qi.clearMenus),ue.on(document,Di,qi.clearMenus),ue.on(document,Li,Ii,(function(t){t.preventDefault(),qi.getOrCreateInstance(this).toggle()})),Kt(qi);const Vi="backdrop",Yi="show",Ki=`mousedown.bs.${Vi}`,Qi={className:"modal-backdrop",clickCallback:null,isAnimated:!1,isVisible:!0,rootElement:"body"},Xi={className:"string",clickCallback:"(function|null)",isAnimated:"boolean",isVisible:"boolean",rootElement:"(element|string)"};class Ui extends _e{constructor(t){super(),this._config=this._getConfig(t),this._isAppended=!1,this._element=null}static get Default(){return Qi}static get DefaultType(){return Xi}static get NAME(){return Vi}show(t){if(!this._config.isVisible)return void Qt(t);this._append();const e=this._getElement();this._config.isAnimated&&Rt(e),e.classList.add(Yi),this._emulateAnimation((()=>{Qt(t)}))}hide(t){this._config.isVisible?(this._getElement().classList.remove(Yi),this._emulateAnimation((()=>{this.dispose(),Qt(t)}))):Qt(t)}dispose(){this._isAppended&&(ue.off(this._element,Ki),this._element.remove(),this._isAppended=!1)}_getElement(){if(!this._element){const t=document.createElement("div");t.className=this._config.className,this._config.isAnimated&&t.classList.add("fade"),this._element=t}return this._element}_configAfterMerge(t){return t.rootElement=Ft(t.rootElement),t}_append(){if(this._isAppended)return;const t=this._getElement();this._config.rootElement.append(t),ue.on(t,Ki,(()=>{Qt(this._config.clickCallback)})),this._isAppended=!0}_emulateAnimation(t){Xt(t,this._getElement(),this._config.isAnimated)}}const Gi=".bs.focustrap",Ji=`focusin${Gi}`,Zi=`keydown.tab${Gi}`,tn="backward",en={autofocus:!0,trapElement:null},nn={autofocus:"boolean",trapElement:"element"};class sn extends _e{constructor(t){super(),this._config=this._getConfig(t),this._isActive=!1,this._lastTabNavDirection=null}static get Default(){return en}static get DefaultType(){return nn}static get NAME(){return"focustrap"}activate(){this._isActive||(this._config.autofocus&&this._config.trapElement.focus(),ue.off(document,Gi),ue.on(document,Ji,(t=>this._handleFocusin(t))),ue.on(document,Zi,(t=>this._handleKeydown(t))),this._isActive=!0)}deactivate(){this._isActive&&(this._isActive=!1,ue.off(document,Gi))}_handleFocusin(t){const{trapElement:e}=this._config;if(t.target===document||t.target===e||e.contains(t.target))return;const i=ye.focusableChildren(e);0===i.length?e.focus():this._lastTabNavDirection===tn?i[i.length-1].focus():i[0].focus()}_handleKeydown(t){"Tab"===t.key&&(this._lastTabNavDirection=t.shiftKey?tn:"forward")}}const on=".fixed-top, .fixed-bottom, .is-fixed, .sticky-top",rn=".sticky-top",an="padding-right",ln="margin-right";class cn{constructor(){this._element=document.body}getWidth(){const t=document.documentElement.clientWidth;return Math.abs(window.innerWidth-t)}hide(){const t=this.getWidth();this._disableOverFlow(),this._setElementAttributes(this._element,an,(e=>e+t)),this._setElementAttributes(on,an,(e=>e+t)),this._setElementAttributes(rn,ln,(e=>e-t))}reset(){this._resetElementAttributes(this._element,"overflow"),this._resetElementAttributes(this._element,an),this._resetElementAttributes(on,an),this._resetElementAttributes(rn,ln)}isOverflowing(){return this.getWidth()>0}_disableOverFlow(){this._saveInitialAttribute(this._element,"overflow"),this._element.style.overflow="hidden"}_setElementAttributes(t,e,i){const n=this.getWidth();this._applyManipulationCallback(t,(t=>{if(t!==this._element&&window.innerWidth>t.clientWidth+n)return;this._saveInitialAttribute(t,e);const s=window.getComputedStyle(t).getPropertyValue(e);t.style.setProperty(e,`${i(Number.parseFloat(s))}px`)}))}_saveInitialAttribute(t,e){const i=t.style.getPropertyValue(e);i&&ge.setDataAttribute(t,e,i)}_resetElementAttributes(t,e){this._applyManipulationCallback(t,(t=>{const i=ge.getDataAttribute(t,e);null!==i?(ge.removeDataAttribute(t,e),t.style.setProperty(e,i)):t.style.removeProperty(e)}))}_applyManipulationCallback(t,e){if(jt(t))e(t);else for(const i of ye.find(t,this._element))e(i)}}const hn=".bs.modal",dn=`hide${hn}`,un=`hidePrevented${hn}`,fn=`hidden${hn}`,pn=`show${hn}`,mn=`shown${hn}`,gn=`resize${hn}`,_n=`click.dismiss${hn}`,bn=`mousedown.dismiss${hn}`,vn=`keydown.dismiss${hn}`,yn=`click${hn}.data-api`,wn="modal-open",En="show",An="modal-static",Tn={backdrop:!0,focus:!0,keyboard:!0},Cn={backdrop:"(boolean|string)",focus:"boolean",keyboard:"boolean"};class On extends be{constructor(t,e){super(t,e),this._dialog=ye.findOne(".modal-dialog",this._element),this._backdrop=this._initializeBackDrop(),this._focustrap=this._initializeFocusTrap(),this._isShown=!1,this._isTransitioning=!1,this._scrollBar=new cn,this._addEventListeners()}static get Default(){return Tn}static get DefaultType(){return Cn}static get NAME(){return"modal"}toggle(t){return this._isShown?this.hide():this.show(t)}show(t){this._isShown||this._isTransitioning||ue.trigger(this._element,pn,{relatedTarget:t}).defaultPrevented||(this._isShown=!0,this._isTransitioning=!0,this._scrollBar.hide(),document.body.classList.add(wn),this._adjustDialog(),this._backdrop.show((()=>this._showElement(t))))}hide(){this._isShown&&!this._isTransitioning&&(ue.trigger(this._element,dn).defaultPrevented||(this._isShown=!1,this._isTransitioning=!0,this._focustrap.deactivate(),this._element.classList.remove(En),this._queueCallback((()=>this._hideModal()),this._element,this._isAnimated())))}dispose(){ue.off(window,hn),ue.off(this._dialog,hn),this._backdrop.dispose(),this._focustrap.deactivate(),super.dispose()}handleUpdate(){this._adjustDialog()}_initializeBackDrop(){return new Ui({isVisible:Boolean(this._config.backdrop),isAnimated:this._isAnimated()})}_initializeFocusTrap(){return new sn({trapElement:this._element})}_showElement(t){document.body.contains(this._element)||document.body.append(this._element),this._element.style.display="block",this._element.removeAttribute("aria-hidden"),this._element.setAttribute("aria-modal",!0),this._element.setAttribute("role","dialog"),this._element.scrollTop=0;const e=ye.findOne(".modal-body",this._dialog);e&&(e.scrollTop=0),Rt(this._element),this._element.classList.add(En),this._queueCallback((()=>{this._config.focus&&this._focustrap.activate(),this._isTransitioning=!1,ue.trigger(this._element,mn,{relatedTarget:t})}),this._dialog,this._isAnimated())}_addEventListeners(){ue.on(this._element,vn,(t=>{"Escape"===t.key&&(this._config.keyboard?this.hide():this._triggerBackdropTransition())})),ue.on(window,gn,(()=>{this._isShown&&!this._isTransitioning&&this._adjustDialog()})),ue.on(this._element,bn,(t=>{ue.one(this._element,_n,(e=>{this._element===t.target&&this._element===e.target&&("static"!==this._config.backdrop?this._config.backdrop&&this.hide():this._triggerBackdropTransition())}))}))}_hideModal(){this._element.style.display="none",this._element.setAttribute("aria-hidden",!0),this._element.removeAttribute("aria-modal"),this._element.removeAttribute("role"),this._isTransitioning=!1,this._backdrop.hide((()=>{document.body.classList.remove(wn),this._resetAdjustments(),this._scrollBar.reset(),ue.trigger(this._element,fn)}))}_isAnimated(){return this._element.classList.contains("fade")}_triggerBackdropTransition(){if(ue.trigger(this._element,un).defaultPrevented)return;const t=this._element.scrollHeight>document.documentElement.clientHeight,e=this._element.style.overflowY;"hidden"===e||this._element.classList.contains(An)||(t||(this._element.style.overflowY="hidden"),this._element.classList.add(An),this._queueCallback((()=>{this._element.classList.remove(An),this._queueCallback((()=>{this._element.style.overflowY=e}),this._dialog)}),this._dialog),this._element.focus())}_adjustDialog(){const t=this._element.scrollHeight>document.documentElement.clientHeight,e=this._scrollBar.getWidth(),i=e>0;if(i&&!t){const t=Yt()?"paddingLeft":"paddingRight";this._element.style[t]=`${e}px`}if(!i&&t){const t=Yt()?"paddingRight":"paddingLeft";this._element.style[t]=`${e}px`}}_resetAdjustments(){this._element.style.paddingLeft="",this._element.style.paddingRight=""}static jQueryInterface(t,e){return this.each((function(){const i=On.getOrCreateInstance(this,t);if("string"==typeof t){if(void 0===i[t])throw new TypeError(`No method named "${t}"`);i[t](e)}}))}}ue.on(document,yn,'[data-bs-toggle="modal"]',(function(t){const e=ye.getElementFromSelector(this);["A","AREA"].includes(this.tagName)&&t.preventDefault(),ue.one(e,pn,(t=>{t.defaultPrevented||ue.one(e,fn,(()=>{Ht(this)&&this.focus()}))}));const i=ye.findOne(".modal.show");i&&On.getInstance(i).hide(),On.getOrCreateInstance(e).toggle(this)})),we(On),Kt(On);const xn=".bs.offcanvas",kn=".data-api",Ln=`load${xn}${kn}`,Sn="show",Dn="showing",$n="hiding",In=".offcanvas.show",Nn=`show${xn}`,Pn=`shown${xn}`,Mn=`hide${xn}`,jn=`hidePrevented${xn}`,Fn=`hidden${xn}`,Hn=`resize${xn}`,Bn=`click${xn}${kn}`,Wn=`keydown.dismiss${xn}`,zn={backdrop:!0,keyboard:!0,scroll:!1},Rn={backdrop:"(boolean|string)",keyboard:"boolean",scroll:"boolean"};class qn extends be{constructor(t,e){super(t,e),this._isShown=!1,this._backdrop=this._initializeBackDrop(),this._focustrap=this._initializeFocusTrap(),this._addEventListeners()}static get Default(){return zn}static get DefaultType(){return Rn}static get NAME(){return"offcanvas"}toggle(t){return this._isShown?this.hide():this.show(t)}show(t){this._isShown||ue.trigger(this._element,Nn,{relatedTarget:t}).defaultPrevented||(this._isShown=!0,this._backdrop.show(),this._config.scroll||(new cn).hide(),this._element.setAttribute("aria-modal",!0),this._element.setAttribute("role","dialog"),this._element.classList.add(Dn),this._queueCallback((()=>{this._config.scroll&&!this._config.backdrop||this._focustrap.activate(),this._element.classList.add(Sn),this._element.classList.remove(Dn),ue.trigger(this._element,Pn,{relatedTarget:t})}),this._element,!0))}hide(){this._isShown&&(ue.trigger(this._element,Mn).defaultPrevented||(this._focustrap.deactivate(),this._element.blur(),this._isShown=!1,this._element.classList.add($n),this._backdrop.hide(),this._queueCallback((()=>{this._element.classList.remove(Sn,$n),this._element.removeAttribute("aria-modal"),this._element.removeAttribute("role"),this._config.scroll||(new cn).reset(),ue.trigger(this._element,Fn)}),this._element,!0)))}dispose(){this._backdrop.dispose(),this._focustrap.deactivate(),super.dispose()}_initializeBackDrop(){const t=Boolean(this._config.backdrop);return new Ui({className:"offcanvas-backdrop",isVisible:t,isAnimated:!0,rootElement:this._element.parentNode,clickCallback:t?()=>{"static"!==this._config.backdrop?this.hide():ue.trigger(this._element,jn)}:null})}_initializeFocusTrap(){return new sn({trapElement:this._element})}_addEventListeners(){ue.on(this._element,Wn,(t=>{"Escape"===t.key&&(this._config.keyboard?this.hide():ue.trigger(this._element,jn))}))}static jQueryInterface(t){return this.each((function(){const e=qn.getOrCreateInstance(this,t);if("string"==typeof t){if(void 0===e[t]||t.startsWith("_")||"constructor"===t)throw new TypeError(`No method named "${t}"`);e[t](this)}}))}}ue.on(document,Bn,'[data-bs-toggle="offcanvas"]',(function(t){const e=ye.getElementFromSelector(this);if(["A","AREA"].includes(this.tagName)&&t.preventDefault(),Bt(this))return;ue.one(e,Fn,(()=>{Ht(this)&&this.focus()}));const i=ye.findOne(In);i&&i!==e&&qn.getInstance(i).hide(),qn.getOrCreateInstance(e).toggle(this)})),ue.on(window,Ln,(()=>{for(const t of ye.find(In))qn.getOrCreateInstance(t).show()})),ue.on(window,Hn,(()=>{for(const t of ye.find("[aria-modal][class*=show][class*=offcanvas-]"))"fixed"!==getComputedStyle(t).position&&qn.getOrCreateInstance(t).hide()})),we(qn),Kt(qn);const Vn={"*":["class","dir","id","lang","role",/^aria-[\w-]*$/i],a:["target","href","title","rel"],area:[],b:[],br:[],col:[],code:[],div:[],em:[],hr:[],h1:[],h2:[],h3:[],h4:[],h5:[],h6:[],i:[],img:["src","srcset","alt","title","width","height"],li:[],ol:[],p:[],pre:[],s:[],small:[],span:[],sub:[],sup:[],strong:[],u:[],ul:[]},Yn=new Set(["background","cite","href","itemtype","longdesc","poster","src","xlink:href"]),Kn=/^(?!javascript:)(?:[a-z0-9+.-]+:|[^&:/?#]*(?:[/?#]|$))/i,Qn=(t,e)=>{const i=t.nodeName.toLowerCase();return e.includes(i)?!Yn.has(i)||Boolean(Kn.test(t.nodeValue)):e.filter((t=>t instanceof RegExp)).some((t=>t.test(i)))},Xn={allowList:Vn,content:{},extraClass:"",html:!1,sanitize:!0,sanitizeFn:null,template:"
"},Un={allowList:"object",content:"object",extraClass:"(string|function)",html:"boolean",sanitize:"boolean",sanitizeFn:"(null|function)",template:"string"},Gn={entry:"(string|element|function|null)",selector:"(string|element)"};class Jn extends _e{constructor(t){super(),this._config=this._getConfig(t)}static get Default(){return Xn}static get DefaultType(){return Un}static get NAME(){return"TemplateFactory"}getContent(){return Object.values(this._config.content).map((t=>this._resolvePossibleFunction(t))).filter(Boolean)}hasContent(){return this.getContent().length>0}changeContent(t){return this._checkContent(t),this._config.content={...this._config.content,...t},this}toHtml(){const t=document.createElement("div");t.innerHTML=this._maybeSanitize(this._config.template);for(const[e,i]of Object.entries(this._config.content))this._setContent(t,i,e);const e=t.children[0],i=this._resolvePossibleFunction(this._config.extraClass);return i&&e.classList.add(...i.split(" ")),e}_typeCheckConfig(t){super._typeCheckConfig(t),this._checkContent(t.content)}_checkContent(t){for(const[e,i]of Object.entries(t))super._typeCheckConfig({selector:e,entry:i},Gn)}_setContent(t,e,i){const n=ye.findOne(i,t);n&&((e=this._resolvePossibleFunction(e))?jt(e)?this._putElementInTemplate(Ft(e),n):this._config.html?n.innerHTML=this._maybeSanitize(e):n.textContent=e:n.remove())}_maybeSanitize(t){return this._config.sanitize?function(t,e,i){if(!t.length)return t;if(i&&"function"==typeof i)return i(t);const n=(new window.DOMParser).parseFromString(t,"text/html"),s=[].concat(...n.body.querySelectorAll("*"));for(const t of s){const i=t.nodeName.toLowerCase();if(!Object.keys(e).includes(i)){t.remove();continue}const n=[].concat(...t.attributes),s=[].concat(e["*"]||[],e[i]||[]);for(const e of n)Qn(e,s)||t.removeAttribute(e.nodeName)}return n.body.innerHTML}(t,this._config.allowList,this._config.sanitizeFn):t}_resolvePossibleFunction(t){return Qt(t,[this])}_putElementInTemplate(t,e){if(this._config.html)return e.innerHTML="",void e.append(t);e.textContent=t.textContent}}const Zn=new Set(["sanitize","allowList","sanitizeFn"]),ts="fade",es="show",is=".modal",ns="hide.bs.modal",ss="hover",os="focus",rs={AUTO:"auto",TOP:"top",RIGHT:Yt()?"left":"right",BOTTOM:"bottom",LEFT:Yt()?"right":"left"},as={allowList:Vn,animation:!0,boundary:"clippingParents",container:!1,customClass:"",delay:0,fallbackPlacements:["top","right","bottom","left"],html:!1,offset:[0,6],placement:"top",popperConfig:null,sanitize:!0,sanitizeFn:null,selector:!1,template:'',title:"",trigger:"hover focus"},ls={allowList:"object",animation:"boolean",boundary:"(string|element)",container:"(string|element|boolean)",customClass:"(string|function)",delay:"(number|object)",fallbackPlacements:"array",html:"boolean",offset:"(array|string|function)",placement:"(string|function)",popperConfig:"(null|object|function)",sanitize:"boolean",sanitizeFn:"(null|function)",selector:"(string|boolean)",template:"string",title:"(string|element|function)",trigger:"string"};class cs extends be{constructor(t,i){if(void 0===e)throw new TypeError("Bootstrap's tooltips require Popper (https://popper.js.org)");super(t,i),this._isEnabled=!0,this._timeout=0,this._isHovered=null,this._activeTrigger={},this._popper=null,this._templateFactory=null,this._newContent=null,this.tip=null,this._setListeners(),this._config.selector||this._fixTitle()}static get Default(){return as}static get DefaultType(){return ls}static get NAME(){return"tooltip"}enable(){this._isEnabled=!0}disable(){this._isEnabled=!1}toggleEnabled(){this._isEnabled=!this._isEnabled}toggle(){this._isEnabled&&(this._activeTrigger.click=!this._activeTrigger.click,this._isShown()?this._leave():this._enter())}dispose(){clearTimeout(this._timeout),ue.off(this._element.closest(is),ns,this._hideModalHandler),this._element.getAttribute("data-bs-original-title")&&this._element.setAttribute("title",this._element.getAttribute("data-bs-original-title")),this._disposePopper(),super.dispose()}show(){if("none"===this._element.style.display)throw new Error("Please use show on visible elements");if(!this._isWithContent()||!this._isEnabled)return;const t=ue.trigger(this._element,this.constructor.eventName("show")),e=(Wt(this._element)||this._element.ownerDocument.documentElement).contains(this._element);if(t.defaultPrevented||!e)return;this._disposePopper();const i=this._getTipElement();this._element.setAttribute("aria-describedby",i.getAttribute("id"));const{container:n}=this._config;if(this._element.ownerDocument.documentElement.contains(this.tip)||(n.append(i),ue.trigger(this._element,this.constructor.eventName("inserted"))),this._popper=this._createPopper(i),i.classList.add(es),"ontouchstart"in document.documentElement)for(const t of[].concat(...document.body.children))ue.on(t,"mouseover",zt);this._queueCallback((()=>{ue.trigger(this._element,this.constructor.eventName("shown")),!1===this._isHovered&&this._leave(),this._isHovered=!1}),this.tip,this._isAnimated())}hide(){if(this._isShown()&&!ue.trigger(this._element,this.constructor.eventName("hide")).defaultPrevented){if(this._getTipElement().classList.remove(es),"ontouchstart"in document.documentElement)for(const t of[].concat(...document.body.children))ue.off(t,"mouseover",zt);this._activeTrigger.click=!1,this._activeTrigger[os]=!1,this._activeTrigger[ss]=!1,this._isHovered=null,this._queueCallback((()=>{this._isWithActiveTrigger()||(this._isHovered||this._disposePopper(),this._element.removeAttribute("aria-describedby"),ue.trigger(this._element,this.constructor.eventName("hidden")))}),this.tip,this._isAnimated())}}update(){this._popper&&this._popper.update()}_isWithContent(){return Boolean(this._getTitle())}_getTipElement(){return this.tip||(this.tip=this._createTipElement(this._newContent||this._getContentForTemplate())),this.tip}_createTipElement(t){const e=this._getTemplateFactory(t).toHtml();if(!e)return null;e.classList.remove(ts,es),e.classList.add(`bs-${this.constructor.NAME}-auto`);const i=(t=>{do{t+=Math.floor(1e6*Math.random())}while(document.getElementById(t));return t})(this.constructor.NAME).toString();return e.setAttribute("id",i),this._isAnimated()&&e.classList.add(ts),e}setContent(t){this._newContent=t,this._isShown()&&(this._disposePopper(),this.show())}_getTemplateFactory(t){return this._templateFactory?this._templateFactory.changeContent(t):this._templateFactory=new Jn({...this._config,content:t,extraClass:this._resolvePossibleFunction(this._config.customClass)}),this._templateFactory}_getContentForTemplate(){return{".tooltip-inner":this._getTitle()}}_getTitle(){return this._resolvePossibleFunction(this._config.title)||this._element.getAttribute("data-bs-original-title")}_initializeOnDelegatedTarget(t){return this.constructor.getOrCreateInstance(t.delegateTarget,this._getDelegateConfig())}_isAnimated(){return this._config.animation||this.tip&&this.tip.classList.contains(ts)}_isShown(){return this.tip&&this.tip.classList.contains(es)}_createPopper(t){const e=Qt(this._config.placement,[this,t,this._element]),i=rs[e.toUpperCase()];return St(this._element,t,this._getPopperConfig(i))}_getOffset(){const{offset:t}=this._config;return"string"==typeof t?t.split(",").map((t=>Number.parseInt(t,10))):"function"==typeof t?e=>t(e,this._element):t}_resolvePossibleFunction(t){return Qt(t,[this._element])}_getPopperConfig(t){const e={placement:t,modifiers:[{name:"flip",options:{fallbackPlacements:this._config.fallbackPlacements}},{name:"offset",options:{offset:this._getOffset()}},{name:"preventOverflow",options:{boundary:this._config.boundary}},{name:"arrow",options:{element:`.${this.constructor.NAME}-arrow`}},{name:"preSetPlacement",enabled:!0,phase:"beforeMain",fn:t=>{this._getTipElement().setAttribute("data-popper-placement",t.state.placement)}}]};return{...e,...Qt(this._config.popperConfig,[e])}}_setListeners(){const t=this._config.trigger.split(" ");for(const e of t)if("click"===e)ue.on(this._element,this.constructor.eventName("click"),this._config.selector,(t=>{this._initializeOnDelegatedTarget(t).toggle()}));else if("manual"!==e){const t=e===ss?this.constructor.eventName("mouseenter"):this.constructor.eventName("focusin"),i=e===ss?this.constructor.eventName("mouseleave"):this.constructor.eventName("focusout");ue.on(this._element,t,this._config.selector,(t=>{const e=this._initializeOnDelegatedTarget(t);e._activeTrigger["focusin"===t.type?os:ss]=!0,e._enter()})),ue.on(this._element,i,this._config.selector,(t=>{const e=this._initializeOnDelegatedTarget(t);e._activeTrigger["focusout"===t.type?os:ss]=e._element.contains(t.relatedTarget),e._leave()}))}this._hideModalHandler=()=>{this._element&&this.hide()},ue.on(this._element.closest(is),ns,this._hideModalHandler)}_fixTitle(){const t=this._element.getAttribute("title");t&&(this._element.getAttribute("aria-label")||this._element.textContent.trim()||this._element.setAttribute("aria-label",t),this._element.setAttribute("data-bs-original-title",t),this._element.removeAttribute("title"))}_enter(){this._isShown()||this._isHovered?this._isHovered=!0:(this._isHovered=!0,this._setTimeout((()=>{this._isHovered&&this.show()}),this._config.delay.show))}_leave(){this._isWithActiveTrigger()||(this._isHovered=!1,this._setTimeout((()=>{this._isHovered||this.hide()}),this._config.delay.hide))}_setTimeout(t,e){clearTimeout(this._timeout),this._timeout=setTimeout(t,e)}_isWithActiveTrigger(){return Object.values(this._activeTrigger).includes(!0)}_getConfig(t){const e=ge.getDataAttributes(this._element);for(const t of Object.keys(e))Zn.has(t)&&delete e[t];return t={...e,..."object"==typeof t&&t?t:{}},t=this._mergeConfigObj(t),t=this._configAfterMerge(t),this._typeCheckConfig(t),t}_configAfterMerge(t){return t.container=!1===t.container?document.body:Ft(t.container),"number"==typeof t.delay&&(t.delay={show:t.delay,hide:t.delay}),"number"==typeof t.title&&(t.title=t.title.toString()),"number"==typeof t.content&&(t.content=t.content.toString()),t}_getDelegateConfig(){const t={};for(const[e,i]of Object.entries(this._config))this.constructor.Default[e]!==i&&(t[e]=i);return t.selector=!1,t.trigger="manual",t}_disposePopper(){this._popper&&(this._popper.destroy(),this._popper=null),this.tip&&(this.tip.remove(),this.tip=null)}static jQueryInterface(t){return this.each((function(){const e=cs.getOrCreateInstance(this,t);if("string"==typeof t){if(void 0===e[t])throw new TypeError(`No method named "${t}"`);e[t]()}}))}}Kt(cs);const hs={...cs.Default,content:"",offset:[0,8],placement:"right",template:'',trigger:"click"},ds={...cs.DefaultType,content:"(null|string|element|function)"};class us extends cs{static get Default(){return hs}static get DefaultType(){return ds}static get NAME(){return"popover"}_isWithContent(){return this._getTitle()||this._getContent()}_getContentForTemplate(){return{".popover-header":this._getTitle(),".popover-body":this._getContent()}}_getContent(){return this._resolvePossibleFunction(this._config.content)}static jQueryInterface(t){return this.each((function(){const e=us.getOrCreateInstance(this,t);if("string"==typeof t){if(void 0===e[t])throw new TypeError(`No method named "${t}"`);e[t]()}}))}}Kt(us);const fs=".bs.scrollspy",ps=`activate${fs}`,ms=`click${fs}`,gs=`load${fs}.data-api`,_s="active",bs="[href]",vs=".nav-link",ys=`${vs}, .nav-item > ${vs}, .list-group-item`,ws={offset:null,rootMargin:"0px 0px -25%",smoothScroll:!1,target:null,threshold:[.1,.5,1]},Es={offset:"(number|null)",rootMargin:"string",smoothScroll:"boolean",target:"element",threshold:"array"};class As extends be{constructor(t,e){super(t,e),this._targetLinks=new Map,this._observableSections=new Map,this._rootElement="visible"===getComputedStyle(this._element).overflowY?null:this._element,this._activeTarget=null,this._observer=null,this._previousScrollData={visibleEntryTop:0,parentScrollTop:0},this.refresh()}static get Default(){return ws}static get DefaultType(){return Es}static get NAME(){return"scrollspy"}refresh(){this._initializeTargetsAndObservables(),this._maybeEnableSmoothScroll(),this._observer?this._observer.disconnect():this._observer=this._getNewObserver();for(const t of this._observableSections.values())this._observer.observe(t)}dispose(){this._observer.disconnect(),super.dispose()}_configAfterMerge(t){return t.target=Ft(t.target)||document.body,t.rootMargin=t.offset?`${t.offset}px 0px -30%`:t.rootMargin,"string"==typeof t.threshold&&(t.threshold=t.threshold.split(",").map((t=>Number.parseFloat(t)))),t}_maybeEnableSmoothScroll(){this._config.smoothScroll&&(ue.off(this._config.target,ms),ue.on(this._config.target,ms,bs,(t=>{const e=this._observableSections.get(t.target.hash);if(e){t.preventDefault();const i=this._rootElement||window,n=e.offsetTop-this._element.offsetTop;if(i.scrollTo)return void i.scrollTo({top:n,behavior:"smooth"});i.scrollTop=n}})))}_getNewObserver(){const t={root:this._rootElement,threshold:this._config.threshold,rootMargin:this._config.rootMargin};return new IntersectionObserver((t=>this._observerCallback(t)),t)}_observerCallback(t){const e=t=>this._targetLinks.get(`#${t.target.id}`),i=t=>{this._previousScrollData.visibleEntryTop=t.target.offsetTop,this._process(e(t))},n=(this._rootElement||document.documentElement).scrollTop,s=n>=this._previousScrollData.parentScrollTop;this._previousScrollData.parentScrollTop=n;for(const o of t){if(!o.isIntersecting){this._activeTarget=null,this._clearActiveClass(e(o));continue}const t=o.target.offsetTop>=this._previousScrollData.visibleEntryTop;if(s&&t){if(i(o),!n)return}else s||t||i(o)}}_initializeTargetsAndObservables(){this._targetLinks=new Map,this._observableSections=new Map;const t=ye.find(bs,this._config.target);for(const e of t){if(!e.hash||Bt(e))continue;const t=ye.findOne(decodeURI(e.hash),this._element);Ht(t)&&(this._targetLinks.set(decodeURI(e.hash),e),this._observableSections.set(e.hash,t))}}_process(t){this._activeTarget!==t&&(this._clearActiveClass(this._config.target),this._activeTarget=t,t.classList.add(_s),this._activateParents(t),ue.trigger(this._element,ps,{relatedTarget:t}))}_activateParents(t){if(t.classList.contains("dropdown-item"))ye.findOne(".dropdown-toggle",t.closest(".dropdown")).classList.add(_s);else for(const e of ye.parents(t,".nav, .list-group"))for(const t of ye.prev(e,ys))t.classList.add(_s)}_clearActiveClass(t){t.classList.remove(_s);const e=ye.find(`${bs}.${_s}`,t);for(const t of e)t.classList.remove(_s)}static jQueryInterface(t){return this.each((function(){const e=As.getOrCreateInstance(this,t);if("string"==typeof t){if(void 0===e[t]||t.startsWith("_")||"constructor"===t)throw new TypeError(`No method named "${t}"`);e[t]()}}))}}ue.on(window,gs,(()=>{for(const t of ye.find('[data-bs-spy="scroll"]'))As.getOrCreateInstance(t)})),Kt(As);const Ts=".bs.tab",Cs=`hide${Ts}`,Os=`hidden${Ts}`,xs=`show${Ts}`,ks=`shown${Ts}`,Ls=`click${Ts}`,Ss=`keydown${Ts}`,Ds=`load${Ts}`,$s="ArrowLeft",Is="ArrowRight",Ns="ArrowUp",Ps="ArrowDown",Ms="Home",js="End",Fs="active",Hs="fade",Bs="show",Ws=".dropdown-toggle",zs=`:not(${Ws})`,Rs='[data-bs-toggle="tab"], [data-bs-toggle="pill"], [data-bs-toggle="list"]',qs=`.nav-link${zs}, .list-group-item${zs}, [role="tab"]${zs}, ${Rs}`,Vs=`.${Fs}[data-bs-toggle="tab"], .${Fs}[data-bs-toggle="pill"], .${Fs}[data-bs-toggle="list"]`;class Ys extends be{constructor(t){super(t),this._parent=this._element.closest('.list-group, .nav, [role="tablist"]'),this._parent&&(this._setInitialAttributes(this._parent,this._getChildren()),ue.on(this._element,Ss,(t=>this._keydown(t))))}static get NAME(){return"tab"}show(){const t=this._element;if(this._elemIsActive(t))return;const e=this._getActiveElem(),i=e?ue.trigger(e,Cs,{relatedTarget:t}):null;ue.trigger(t,xs,{relatedTarget:e}).defaultPrevented||i&&i.defaultPrevented||(this._deactivate(e,t),this._activate(t,e))}_activate(t,e){t&&(t.classList.add(Fs),this._activate(ye.getElementFromSelector(t)),this._queueCallback((()=>{"tab"===t.getAttribute("role")?(t.removeAttribute("tabindex"),t.setAttribute("aria-selected",!0),this._toggleDropDown(t,!0),ue.trigger(t,ks,{relatedTarget:e})):t.classList.add(Bs)}),t,t.classList.contains(Hs)))}_deactivate(t,e){t&&(t.classList.remove(Fs),t.blur(),this._deactivate(ye.getElementFromSelector(t)),this._queueCallback((()=>{"tab"===t.getAttribute("role")?(t.setAttribute("aria-selected",!1),t.setAttribute("tabindex","-1"),this._toggleDropDown(t,!1),ue.trigger(t,Os,{relatedTarget:e})):t.classList.remove(Bs)}),t,t.classList.contains(Hs)))}_keydown(t){if(![$s,Is,Ns,Ps,Ms,js].includes(t.key))return;t.stopPropagation(),t.preventDefault();const e=this._getChildren().filter((t=>!Bt(t)));let i;if([Ms,js].includes(t.key))i=e[t.key===Ms?0:e.length-1];else{const n=[Is,Ps].includes(t.key);i=Ut(e,t.target,n,!0)}i&&(i.focus({preventScroll:!0}),Ys.getOrCreateInstance(i).show())}_getChildren(){return ye.find(qs,this._parent)}_getActiveElem(){return this._getChildren().find((t=>this._elemIsActive(t)))||null}_setInitialAttributes(t,e){this._setAttributeIfNotExists(t,"role","tablist");for(const t of e)this._setInitialAttributesOnChild(t)}_setInitialAttributesOnChild(t){t=this._getInnerElement(t);const e=this._elemIsActive(t),i=this._getOuterElement(t);t.setAttribute("aria-selected",e),i!==t&&this._setAttributeIfNotExists(i,"role","presentation"),e||t.setAttribute("tabindex","-1"),this._setAttributeIfNotExists(t,"role","tab"),this._setInitialAttributesOnTargetPanel(t)}_setInitialAttributesOnTargetPanel(t){const e=ye.getElementFromSelector(t);e&&(this._setAttributeIfNotExists(e,"role","tabpanel"),t.id&&this._setAttributeIfNotExists(e,"aria-labelledby",`${t.id}`))}_toggleDropDown(t,e){const i=this._getOuterElement(t);if(!i.classList.contains("dropdown"))return;const n=(t,n)=>{const s=ye.findOne(t,i);s&&s.classList.toggle(n,e)};n(Ws,Fs),n(".dropdown-menu",Bs),i.setAttribute("aria-expanded",e)}_setAttributeIfNotExists(t,e,i){t.hasAttribute(e)||t.setAttribute(e,i)}_elemIsActive(t){return t.classList.contains(Fs)}_getInnerElement(t){return t.matches(qs)?t:ye.findOne(qs,t)}_getOuterElement(t){return t.closest(".nav-item, .list-group-item")||t}static jQueryInterface(t){return this.each((function(){const e=Ys.getOrCreateInstance(this);if("string"==typeof t){if(void 0===e[t]||t.startsWith("_")||"constructor"===t)throw new TypeError(`No method named "${t}"`);e[t]()}}))}}ue.on(document,Ls,Rs,(function(t){["A","AREA"].includes(this.tagName)&&t.preventDefault(),Bt(this)||Ys.getOrCreateInstance(this).show()})),ue.on(window,Ds,(()=>{for(const t of ye.find(Vs))Ys.getOrCreateInstance(t)})),Kt(Ys);const Ks=".bs.toast",Qs=`mouseover${Ks}`,Xs=`mouseout${Ks}`,Us=`focusin${Ks}`,Gs=`focusout${Ks}`,Js=`hide${Ks}`,Zs=`hidden${Ks}`,to=`show${Ks}`,eo=`shown${Ks}`,io="hide",no="show",so="showing",oo={animation:"boolean",autohide:"boolean",delay:"number"},ro={animation:!0,autohide:!0,delay:5e3};class ao extends be{constructor(t,e){super(t,e),this._timeout=null,this._hasMouseInteraction=!1,this._hasKeyboardInteraction=!1,this._setListeners()}static get Default(){return ro}static get DefaultType(){return oo}static get NAME(){return"toast"}show(){ue.trigger(this._element,to).defaultPrevented||(this._clearTimeout(),this._config.animation&&this._element.classList.add("fade"),this._element.classList.remove(io),Rt(this._element),this._element.classList.add(no,so),this._queueCallback((()=>{this._element.classList.remove(so),ue.trigger(this._element,eo),this._maybeScheduleHide()}),this._element,this._config.animation))}hide(){this.isShown()&&(ue.trigger(this._element,Js).defaultPrevented||(this._element.classList.add(so),this._queueCallback((()=>{this._element.classList.add(io),this._element.classList.remove(so,no),ue.trigger(this._element,Zs)}),this._element,this._config.animation)))}dispose(){this._clearTimeout(),this.isShown()&&this._element.classList.remove(no),super.dispose()}isShown(){return this._element.classList.contains(no)}_maybeScheduleHide(){this._config.autohide&&(this._hasMouseInteraction||this._hasKeyboardInteraction||(this._timeout=setTimeout((()=>{this.hide()}),this._config.delay)))}_onInteraction(t,e){switch(t.type){case"mouseover":case"mouseout":this._hasMouseInteraction=e;break;case"focusin":case"focusout":this._hasKeyboardInteraction=e}if(e)return void this._clearTimeout();const i=t.relatedTarget;this._element===i||this._element.contains(i)||this._maybeScheduleHide()}_setListeners(){ue.on(this._element,Qs,(t=>this._onInteraction(t,!0))),ue.on(this._element,Xs,(t=>this._onInteraction(t,!1))),ue.on(this._element,Us,(t=>this._onInteraction(t,!0))),ue.on(this._element,Gs,(t=>this._onInteraction(t,!1)))}_clearTimeout(){clearTimeout(this._timeout),this._timeout=null}static jQueryInterface(t){return this.each((function(){const e=ao.getOrCreateInstance(this,t);if("string"==typeof t){if(void 0===e[t])throw new TypeError(`No method named 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b/_static/scripts/bootstrap.js.LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +/*! + * Bootstrap v5.3.2 (https://getbootstrap.com/) + * Copyright 2011-2023 The Bootstrap Authors (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/graphs/contributors) + * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE) + */ diff --git a/_static/scripts/bootstrap.js.map b/_static/scripts/bootstrap.js.map new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5bc157 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/scripts/bootstrap.js.map @@ -0,0 +1 @@ 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(element.nodeName || '').toLowerCase() : null;\n}","export default function getWindow(node) {\n if (node == null) {\n return window;\n }\n\n if (node.toString() !== '[object Window]') {\n var ownerDocument = node.ownerDocument;\n return ownerDocument ? ownerDocument.defaultView || window : window;\n }\n\n return node;\n}","import getWindow from \"./getWindow.js\";\n\nfunction isElement(node) {\n var OwnElement = getWindow(node).Element;\n return node instanceof OwnElement || node instanceof Element;\n}\n\nfunction isHTMLElement(node) {\n var OwnElement = getWindow(node).HTMLElement;\n return node instanceof OwnElement || node instanceof HTMLElement;\n}\n\nfunction isShadowRoot(node) {\n // IE 11 has no ShadowRoot\n if (typeof ShadowRoot === 'undefined') {\n return false;\n }\n\n var OwnElement = getWindow(node).ShadowRoot;\n return node instanceof OwnElement || node instanceof ShadowRoot;\n}\n\nexport { isElement, isHTMLElement, isShadowRoot };","import getNodeName from \"../dom-utils/getNodeName.js\";\nimport { isHTMLElement } from \"../dom-utils/instanceOf.js\"; // This modifier takes the styles prepared by the `computeStyles` modifier\n// and applies them to the HTMLElements such as popper and arrow\n\nfunction applyStyles(_ref) {\n var state = _ref.state;\n Object.keys(state.elements).forEach(function (name) {\n var style = state.styles[name] || {};\n var attributes = state.attributes[name] || {};\n var element = state.elements[name]; // arrow is optional + virtual elements\n\n if (!isHTMLElement(element) || !getNodeName(element)) {\n return;\n } // Flow doesn't support to extend this property, but it's the most\n // effective way to apply styles to an HTMLElement\n // $FlowFixMe[cannot-write]\n\n\n Object.assign(element.style, style);\n Object.keys(attributes).forEach(function (name) {\n var value = attributes[name];\n\n if (value === false) {\n element.removeAttribute(name);\n } else {\n element.setAttribute(name, value === true ? '' : value);\n }\n });\n });\n}\n\nfunction effect(_ref2) {\n var state = _ref2.state;\n var initialStyles = {\n popper: {\n position: state.options.strategy,\n left: '0',\n top: '0',\n margin: '0'\n },\n arrow: {\n position: 'absolute'\n },\n reference: {}\n };\n Object.assign(state.elements.popper.style, initialStyles.popper);\n state.styles = initialStyles;\n\n if (state.elements.arrow) {\n Object.assign(state.elements.arrow.style, initialStyles.arrow);\n }\n\n return function () {\n Object.keys(state.elements).forEach(function (name) {\n var element = state.elements[name];\n var attributes = state.attributes[name] || {};\n var styleProperties = Object.keys(state.styles.hasOwnProperty(name) ? state.styles[name] : initialStyles[name]); // Set all values to an empty string to unset them\n\n var style = styleProperties.reduce(function (style, property) {\n style[property] = '';\n return style;\n }, {}); // arrow is optional + virtual elements\n\n if (!isHTMLElement(element) || !getNodeName(element)) {\n return;\n }\n\n Object.assign(element.style, style);\n Object.keys(attributes).forEach(function (attribute) {\n element.removeAttribute(attribute);\n });\n });\n };\n} // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\n\nexport default {\n name: 'applyStyles',\n enabled: true,\n phase: 'write',\n fn: applyStyles,\n effect: effect,\n requires: ['computeStyles']\n};","import { auto } from \"../enums.js\";\nexport default function getBasePlacement(placement) {\n return placement.split('-')[0];\n}","export var max = Math.max;\nexport var min = Math.min;\nexport var round = Math.round;","export default function getUAString() {\n var uaData = navigator.userAgentData;\n\n if (uaData != null && uaData.brands && Array.isArray(uaData.brands)) {\n return uaData.brands.map(function (item) {\n return item.brand + \"/\" + item.version;\n }).join(' ');\n }\n\n return navigator.userAgent;\n}","import getUAString from \"../utils/userAgent.js\";\nexport default function isLayoutViewport() {\n return !/^((?!chrome|android).)*safari/i.test(getUAString());\n}","import { isElement, isHTMLElement } from \"./instanceOf.js\";\nimport { round } from \"../utils/math.js\";\nimport getWindow from \"./getWindow.js\";\nimport isLayoutViewport from \"./isLayoutViewport.js\";\nexport default function getBoundingClientRect(element, includeScale, isFixedStrategy) {\n if (includeScale === void 0) {\n includeScale = false;\n }\n\n if (isFixedStrategy === void 0) {\n isFixedStrategy = false;\n }\n\n var clientRect = element.getBoundingClientRect();\n var scaleX = 1;\n var scaleY = 1;\n\n if (includeScale && isHTMLElement(element)) {\n scaleX = element.offsetWidth > 0 ? round(clientRect.width) / element.offsetWidth || 1 : 1;\n scaleY = element.offsetHeight > 0 ? round(clientRect.height) / element.offsetHeight || 1 : 1;\n }\n\n var _ref = isElement(element) ? getWindow(element) : window,\n visualViewport = _ref.visualViewport;\n\n var addVisualOffsets = !isLayoutViewport() && isFixedStrategy;\n var x = (clientRect.left + (addVisualOffsets && visualViewport ? visualViewport.offsetLeft : 0)) / scaleX;\n var y = (clientRect.top + (addVisualOffsets && visualViewport ? visualViewport.offsetTop : 0)) / scaleY;\n var width = clientRect.width / scaleX;\n var height = clientRect.height / scaleY;\n return {\n width: width,\n height: height,\n top: y,\n right: x + width,\n bottom: y + height,\n left: x,\n x: x,\n y: y\n };\n}","import getBoundingClientRect from \"./getBoundingClientRect.js\"; // Returns the layout rect of an element relative to its offsetParent. Layout\n// means it doesn't take into account transforms.\n\nexport default function getLayoutRect(element) {\n var clientRect = getBoundingClientRect(element); // Use the clientRect sizes if it's not been transformed.\n // Fixes https://github.com/popperjs/popper-core/issues/1223\n\n var width = element.offsetWidth;\n var height = element.offsetHeight;\n\n if (Math.abs(clientRect.width - width) <= 1) {\n width = clientRect.width;\n }\n\n if (Math.abs(clientRect.height - height) <= 1) {\n height = clientRect.height;\n }\n\n return {\n x: element.offsetLeft,\n y: element.offsetTop,\n width: width,\n height: height\n };\n}","import { isShadowRoot } from \"./instanceOf.js\";\nexport default function contains(parent, child) {\n var rootNode = child.getRootNode && child.getRootNode(); // First, attempt with faster native method\n\n if (parent.contains(child)) {\n return true;\n } // then fallback to custom implementation with Shadow DOM support\n else if (rootNode && isShadowRoot(rootNode)) {\n var next = child;\n\n do {\n if (next && parent.isSameNode(next)) {\n return true;\n } // $FlowFixMe[prop-missing]: need a better way to handle this...\n\n\n next = next.parentNode || next.host;\n } while (next);\n } // Give up, the result is false\n\n\n return false;\n}","import getWindow from \"./getWindow.js\";\nexport default function getComputedStyle(element) {\n return getWindow(element).getComputedStyle(element);\n}","import getNodeName from \"./getNodeName.js\";\nexport default function isTableElement(element) {\n return ['table', 'td', 'th'].indexOf(getNodeName(element)) >= 0;\n}","import { isElement } from \"./instanceOf.js\";\nexport default function getDocumentElement(element) {\n // $FlowFixMe[incompatible-return]: assume body is always available\n return ((isElement(element) ? element.ownerDocument : // $FlowFixMe[prop-missing]\n element.document) || window.document).documentElement;\n}","import getNodeName from \"./getNodeName.js\";\nimport getDocumentElement from \"./getDocumentElement.js\";\nimport { isShadowRoot } from \"./instanceOf.js\";\nexport default function getParentNode(element) {\n if (getNodeName(element) === 'html') {\n return element;\n }\n\n return (// this is a quicker (but less type safe) way to save quite some bytes from the bundle\n // $FlowFixMe[incompatible-return]\n // $FlowFixMe[prop-missing]\n element.assignedSlot || // step into the shadow DOM of the parent of a slotted node\n element.parentNode || ( // DOM Element detected\n isShadowRoot(element) ? element.host : null) || // ShadowRoot detected\n // $FlowFixMe[incompatible-call]: HTMLElement is a Node\n getDocumentElement(element) // fallback\n\n );\n}","import getWindow from \"./getWindow.js\";\nimport getNodeName from \"./getNodeName.js\";\nimport getComputedStyle from \"./getComputedStyle.js\";\nimport { isHTMLElement, isShadowRoot } from \"./instanceOf.js\";\nimport isTableElement from \"./isTableElement.js\";\nimport getParentNode from \"./getParentNode.js\";\nimport getUAString from \"../utils/userAgent.js\";\n\nfunction getTrueOffsetParent(element) {\n if (!isHTMLElement(element) || // https://github.com/popperjs/popper-core/issues/837\n getComputedStyle(element).position === 'fixed') {\n return null;\n }\n\n return element.offsetParent;\n} // `.offsetParent` reports `null` for fixed elements, while absolute elements\n// return the containing block\n\n\nfunction getContainingBlock(element) {\n var isFirefox = /firefox/i.test(getUAString());\n var isIE = /Trident/i.test(getUAString());\n\n if (isIE && isHTMLElement(element)) {\n // In IE 9, 10 and 11 fixed elements containing block is always established by the viewport\n var elementCss = getComputedStyle(element);\n\n if (elementCss.position === 'fixed') {\n return null;\n }\n }\n\n var currentNode = getParentNode(element);\n\n if (isShadowRoot(currentNode)) {\n currentNode = currentNode.host;\n }\n\n while (isHTMLElement(currentNode) && ['html', 'body'].indexOf(getNodeName(currentNode)) < 0) {\n var css = getComputedStyle(currentNode); // This is non-exhaustive but covers the most common CSS properties that\n // create a containing block.\n // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Containing_block#identifying_the_containing_block\n\n if (css.transform !== 'none' || css.perspective !== 'none' || css.contain === 'paint' || ['transform', 'perspective'].indexOf(css.willChange) !== -1 || isFirefox && css.willChange === 'filter' || isFirefox && css.filter && css.filter !== 'none') {\n return currentNode;\n } else {\n currentNode = currentNode.parentNode;\n }\n }\n\n return null;\n} // Gets the closest ancestor positioned element. Handles some edge cases,\n// such as table ancestors and cross browser bugs.\n\n\nexport default function getOffsetParent(element) {\n var window = getWindow(element);\n var offsetParent = getTrueOffsetParent(element);\n\n while (offsetParent && isTableElement(offsetParent) && getComputedStyle(offsetParent).position === 'static') {\n offsetParent = getTrueOffsetParent(offsetParent);\n }\n\n if (offsetParent && (getNodeName(offsetParent) === 'html' || getNodeName(offsetParent) === 'body' && getComputedStyle(offsetParent).position === 'static')) {\n return window;\n }\n\n return offsetParent || getContainingBlock(element) || window;\n}","export default function getMainAxisFromPlacement(placement) {\n return ['top', 'bottom'].indexOf(placement) >= 0 ? 'x' : 'y';\n}","import { max as mathMax, min as mathMin } from \"./math.js\";\nexport function within(min, value, max) {\n return mathMax(min, mathMin(value, max));\n}\nexport function withinMaxClamp(min, value, max) {\n var v = within(min, value, max);\n return v > max ? max : v;\n}","import getFreshSideObject from \"./getFreshSideObject.js\";\nexport default function mergePaddingObject(paddingObject) {\n return Object.assign({}, getFreshSideObject(), paddingObject);\n}","export default function getFreshSideObject() {\n return {\n top: 0,\n right: 0,\n bottom: 0,\n left: 0\n };\n}","export default function expandToHashMap(value, keys) {\n return keys.reduce(function (hashMap, key) {\n hashMap[key] = value;\n return hashMap;\n }, {});\n}","import getBasePlacement from \"../utils/getBasePlacement.js\";\nimport getLayoutRect from \"../dom-utils/getLayoutRect.js\";\nimport contains from \"../dom-utils/contains.js\";\nimport getOffsetParent from \"../dom-utils/getOffsetParent.js\";\nimport getMainAxisFromPlacement from \"../utils/getMainAxisFromPlacement.js\";\nimport { within } from \"../utils/within.js\";\nimport mergePaddingObject from \"../utils/mergePaddingObject.js\";\nimport expandToHashMap from \"../utils/expandToHashMap.js\";\nimport { left, right, basePlacements, top, bottom } from \"../enums.js\"; // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\nvar toPaddingObject = function toPaddingObject(padding, state) {\n padding = typeof padding === 'function' ? padding(Object.assign({}, state.rects, {\n placement: state.placement\n })) : padding;\n return mergePaddingObject(typeof padding !== 'number' ? padding : expandToHashMap(padding, basePlacements));\n};\n\nfunction arrow(_ref) {\n var _state$modifiersData$;\n\n var state = _ref.state,\n name = _ref.name,\n options = _ref.options;\n var arrowElement = state.elements.arrow;\n var popperOffsets = state.modifiersData.popperOffsets;\n var basePlacement = getBasePlacement(state.placement);\n var axis = getMainAxisFromPlacement(basePlacement);\n var isVertical = [left, right].indexOf(basePlacement) >= 0;\n var len = isVertical ? 'height' : 'width';\n\n if (!arrowElement || !popperOffsets) {\n return;\n }\n\n var paddingObject = toPaddingObject(options.padding, state);\n var arrowRect = getLayoutRect(arrowElement);\n var minProp = axis === 'y' ? top : left;\n var maxProp = axis === 'y' ? bottom : right;\n var endDiff = state.rects.reference[len] + state.rects.reference[axis] - popperOffsets[axis] - state.rects.popper[len];\n var startDiff = popperOffsets[axis] - state.rects.reference[axis];\n var arrowOffsetParent = getOffsetParent(arrowElement);\n var clientSize = arrowOffsetParent ? axis === 'y' ? arrowOffsetParent.clientHeight || 0 : arrowOffsetParent.clientWidth || 0 : 0;\n var centerToReference = endDiff / 2 - startDiff / 2; // Make sure the arrow doesn't overflow the popper if the center point is\n // outside of the popper bounds\n\n var min = paddingObject[minProp];\n var max = clientSize - arrowRect[len] - paddingObject[maxProp];\n var center = clientSize / 2 - arrowRect[len] / 2 + centerToReference;\n var offset = within(min, center, max); // Prevents breaking syntax highlighting...\n\n var axisProp = axis;\n state.modifiersData[name] = (_state$modifiersData$ = {}, _state$modifiersData$[axisProp] = offset, _state$modifiersData$.centerOffset = offset - center, _state$modifiersData$);\n}\n\nfunction effect(_ref2) {\n var state = _ref2.state,\n options = _ref2.options;\n var _options$element = options.element,\n arrowElement = _options$element === void 0 ? '[data-popper-arrow]' : _options$element;\n\n if (arrowElement == null) {\n return;\n } // CSS selector\n\n\n if (typeof arrowElement === 'string') {\n arrowElement = state.elements.popper.querySelector(arrowElement);\n\n if (!arrowElement) {\n return;\n }\n }\n\n if (!contains(state.elements.popper, arrowElement)) {\n return;\n }\n\n state.elements.arrow = arrowElement;\n} // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\n\nexport default {\n name: 'arrow',\n enabled: true,\n phase: 'main',\n fn: arrow,\n effect: effect,\n requires: ['popperOffsets'],\n requiresIfExists: ['preventOverflow']\n};","export default function getVariation(placement) {\n return placement.split('-')[1];\n}","import { top, left, right, bottom, end } from \"../enums.js\";\nimport getOffsetParent from \"../dom-utils/getOffsetParent.js\";\nimport getWindow from \"../dom-utils/getWindow.js\";\nimport getDocumentElement from \"../dom-utils/getDocumentElement.js\";\nimport getComputedStyle from \"../dom-utils/getComputedStyle.js\";\nimport getBasePlacement from \"../utils/getBasePlacement.js\";\nimport getVariation from \"../utils/getVariation.js\";\nimport { round } from \"../utils/math.js\"; // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\nvar unsetSides = {\n top: 'auto',\n right: 'auto',\n bottom: 'auto',\n left: 'auto'\n}; // Round the offsets to the nearest suitable subpixel based on the DPR.\n// Zooming can change the DPR, but it seems to report a value that will\n// cleanly divide the values into the appropriate subpixels.\n\nfunction roundOffsetsByDPR(_ref, win) {\n var x = _ref.x,\n y = _ref.y;\n var dpr = win.devicePixelRatio || 1;\n return {\n x: round(x * dpr) / dpr || 0,\n y: round(y * dpr) / dpr || 0\n };\n}\n\nexport function mapToStyles(_ref2) {\n var _Object$assign2;\n\n var popper = _ref2.popper,\n popperRect = _ref2.popperRect,\n placement = _ref2.placement,\n variation = _ref2.variation,\n offsets = _ref2.offsets,\n position = _ref2.position,\n gpuAcceleration = _ref2.gpuAcceleration,\n adaptive = _ref2.adaptive,\n roundOffsets = _ref2.roundOffsets,\n isFixed = _ref2.isFixed;\n var _offsets$x = offsets.x,\n x = _offsets$x === void 0 ? 0 : _offsets$x,\n _offsets$y = offsets.y,\n y = _offsets$y === void 0 ? 0 : _offsets$y;\n\n var _ref3 = typeof roundOffsets === 'function' ? roundOffsets({\n x: x,\n y: y\n }) : {\n x: x,\n y: y\n };\n\n x = _ref3.x;\n y = _ref3.y;\n var hasX = offsets.hasOwnProperty('x');\n var hasY = offsets.hasOwnProperty('y');\n var sideX = left;\n var sideY = top;\n var win = window;\n\n if (adaptive) {\n var offsetParent = getOffsetParent(popper);\n var heightProp = 'clientHeight';\n var widthProp = 'clientWidth';\n\n if (offsetParent === getWindow(popper)) {\n offsetParent = getDocumentElement(popper);\n\n if (getComputedStyle(offsetParent).position !== 'static' && position === 'absolute') {\n heightProp = 'scrollHeight';\n widthProp = 'scrollWidth';\n }\n } // $FlowFixMe[incompatible-cast]: force type refinement, we compare offsetParent with window above, but Flow doesn't detect it\n\n\n offsetParent = offsetParent;\n\n if (placement === top || (placement === left || placement === right) && variation === end) {\n sideY = bottom;\n var offsetY = isFixed && offsetParent === win && win.visualViewport ? win.visualViewport.height : // $FlowFixMe[prop-missing]\n offsetParent[heightProp];\n y -= offsetY - popperRect.height;\n y *= gpuAcceleration ? 1 : -1;\n }\n\n if (placement === left || (placement === top || placement === bottom) && variation === end) {\n sideX = right;\n var offsetX = isFixed && offsetParent === win && win.visualViewport ? win.visualViewport.width : // $FlowFixMe[prop-missing]\n offsetParent[widthProp];\n x -= offsetX - popperRect.width;\n x *= gpuAcceleration ? 1 : -1;\n }\n }\n\n var commonStyles = Object.assign({\n position: position\n }, adaptive && unsetSides);\n\n var _ref4 = roundOffsets === true ? roundOffsetsByDPR({\n x: x,\n y: y\n }, getWindow(popper)) : {\n x: x,\n y: y\n };\n\n x = _ref4.x;\n y = _ref4.y;\n\n if (gpuAcceleration) {\n var _Object$assign;\n\n return Object.assign({}, commonStyles, (_Object$assign = {}, _Object$assign[sideY] = hasY ? '0' : '', _Object$assign[sideX] = hasX ? '0' : '', _Object$assign.transform = (win.devicePixelRatio || 1) <= 1 ? \"translate(\" + x + \"px, \" + y + \"px)\" : \"translate3d(\" + x + \"px, \" + y + \"px, 0)\", _Object$assign));\n }\n\n return Object.assign({}, commonStyles, (_Object$assign2 = {}, _Object$assign2[sideY] = hasY ? y + \"px\" : '', _Object$assign2[sideX] = hasX ? x + \"px\" : '', _Object$assign2.transform = '', _Object$assign2));\n}\n\nfunction computeStyles(_ref5) {\n var state = _ref5.state,\n options = _ref5.options;\n var _options$gpuAccelerat = options.gpuAcceleration,\n gpuAcceleration = _options$gpuAccelerat === void 0 ? true : _options$gpuAccelerat,\n _options$adaptive = options.adaptive,\n adaptive = _options$adaptive === void 0 ? true : _options$adaptive,\n _options$roundOffsets = options.roundOffsets,\n roundOffsets = _options$roundOffsets === void 0 ? true : _options$roundOffsets;\n var commonStyles = {\n placement: getBasePlacement(state.placement),\n variation: getVariation(state.placement),\n popper: state.elements.popper,\n popperRect: state.rects.popper,\n gpuAcceleration: gpuAcceleration,\n isFixed: state.options.strategy === 'fixed'\n };\n\n if (state.modifiersData.popperOffsets != null) {\n state.styles.popper = Object.assign({}, state.styles.popper, mapToStyles(Object.assign({}, commonStyles, {\n offsets: state.modifiersData.popperOffsets,\n position: state.options.strategy,\n adaptive: adaptive,\n roundOffsets: roundOffsets\n })));\n }\n\n if (state.modifiersData.arrow != null) {\n state.styles.arrow = Object.assign({}, state.styles.arrow, mapToStyles(Object.assign({}, commonStyles, {\n offsets: state.modifiersData.arrow,\n position: 'absolute',\n adaptive: false,\n roundOffsets: roundOffsets\n })));\n }\n\n state.attributes.popper = Object.assign({}, state.attributes.popper, {\n 'data-popper-placement': state.placement\n });\n} // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\n\nexport default {\n name: 'computeStyles',\n enabled: true,\n phase: 'beforeWrite',\n fn: computeStyles,\n data: {}\n};","import getWindow from \"../dom-utils/getWindow.js\"; // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\nvar passive = {\n passive: true\n};\n\nfunction effect(_ref) {\n var state = _ref.state,\n instance = _ref.instance,\n options = _ref.options;\n var _options$scroll = options.scroll,\n scroll = _options$scroll === void 0 ? true : _options$scroll,\n _options$resize = options.resize,\n resize = _options$resize === void 0 ? true : _options$resize;\n var window = getWindow(state.elements.popper);\n var scrollParents = [].concat(state.scrollParents.reference, state.scrollParents.popper);\n\n if (scroll) {\n scrollParents.forEach(function (scrollParent) {\n scrollParent.addEventListener('scroll', instance.update, passive);\n });\n }\n\n if (resize) {\n window.addEventListener('resize', instance.update, passive);\n }\n\n return function () {\n if (scroll) {\n scrollParents.forEach(function (scrollParent) {\n scrollParent.removeEventListener('scroll', instance.update, passive);\n });\n }\n\n if (resize) {\n window.removeEventListener('resize', instance.update, passive);\n }\n };\n} // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\n\nexport default {\n name: 'eventListeners',\n enabled: true,\n phase: 'write',\n fn: function fn() {},\n effect: effect,\n data: {}\n};","var hash = {\n left: 'right',\n right: 'left',\n bottom: 'top',\n top: 'bottom'\n};\nexport default function getOppositePlacement(placement) {\n return placement.replace(/left|right|bottom|top/g, function (matched) {\n return hash[matched];\n });\n}","var hash = {\n start: 'end',\n end: 'start'\n};\nexport default function getOppositeVariationPlacement(placement) {\n return placement.replace(/start|end/g, function (matched) {\n return hash[matched];\n });\n}","import getWindow from \"./getWindow.js\";\nexport default function getWindowScroll(node) {\n var win = getWindow(node);\n var scrollLeft = win.pageXOffset;\n var scrollTop = win.pageYOffset;\n return {\n scrollLeft: scrollLeft,\n scrollTop: scrollTop\n };\n}","import getBoundingClientRect from \"./getBoundingClientRect.js\";\nimport getDocumentElement from \"./getDocumentElement.js\";\nimport getWindowScroll from \"./getWindowScroll.js\";\nexport default function getWindowScrollBarX(element) {\n // If has a CSS width greater than the viewport, then this will be\n // incorrect for RTL.\n // Popper 1 is broken in this case and never had a bug report so let's assume\n // it's not an issue. I don't think anyone ever specifies width on \n // anyway.\n // Browsers where the left scrollbar doesn't cause an issue report `0` for\n // this (e.g. Edge 2019, IE11, Safari)\n return getBoundingClientRect(getDocumentElement(element)).left + getWindowScroll(element).scrollLeft;\n}","import getComputedStyle from \"./getComputedStyle.js\";\nexport default function isScrollParent(element) {\n // Firefox wants us to check `-x` and `-y` variations as well\n var _getComputedStyle = getComputedStyle(element),\n overflow = _getComputedStyle.overflow,\n overflowX = _getComputedStyle.overflowX,\n overflowY = _getComputedStyle.overflowY;\n\n return /auto|scroll|overlay|hidden/.test(overflow + overflowY + overflowX);\n}","import getParentNode from \"./getParentNode.js\";\nimport isScrollParent from \"./isScrollParent.js\";\nimport getNodeName from \"./getNodeName.js\";\nimport { isHTMLElement } from \"./instanceOf.js\";\nexport default function getScrollParent(node) {\n if (['html', 'body', '#document'].indexOf(getNodeName(node)) >= 0) {\n // $FlowFixMe[incompatible-return]: assume body is always available\n return node.ownerDocument.body;\n }\n\n if (isHTMLElement(node) && isScrollParent(node)) {\n return node;\n }\n\n return getScrollParent(getParentNode(node));\n}","import getScrollParent from \"./getScrollParent.js\";\nimport getParentNode from \"./getParentNode.js\";\nimport getWindow from \"./getWindow.js\";\nimport isScrollParent from \"./isScrollParent.js\";\n/*\ngiven a DOM element, return the list of all scroll parents, up the list of ancesors\nuntil we get to the top window object. This list is what we attach scroll listeners\nto, because if any of these parent elements scroll, we'll need to re-calculate the\nreference element's position.\n*/\n\nexport default function listScrollParents(element, list) {\n var _element$ownerDocumen;\n\n if (list === void 0) {\n list = [];\n }\n\n var scrollParent = getScrollParent(element);\n var isBody = scrollParent === ((_element$ownerDocumen = element.ownerDocument) == null ? void 0 : _element$ownerDocumen.body);\n var win = getWindow(scrollParent);\n var target = isBody ? [win].concat(win.visualViewport || [], isScrollParent(scrollParent) ? scrollParent : []) : scrollParent;\n var updatedList = list.concat(target);\n return isBody ? updatedList : // $FlowFixMe[incompatible-call]: isBody tells us target will be an HTMLElement here\n updatedList.concat(listScrollParents(getParentNode(target)));\n}","export default function rectToClientRect(rect) {\n return Object.assign({}, rect, {\n left: rect.x,\n top: rect.y,\n right: rect.x + rect.width,\n bottom: rect.y + rect.height\n });\n}","import { viewport } from \"../enums.js\";\nimport getViewportRect from \"./getViewportRect.js\";\nimport getDocumentRect from \"./getDocumentRect.js\";\nimport listScrollParents from \"./listScrollParents.js\";\nimport getOffsetParent from \"./getOffsetParent.js\";\nimport getDocumentElement from \"./getDocumentElement.js\";\nimport getComputedStyle from \"./getComputedStyle.js\";\nimport { isElement, isHTMLElement } from \"./instanceOf.js\";\nimport getBoundingClientRect from \"./getBoundingClientRect.js\";\nimport getParentNode from \"./getParentNode.js\";\nimport contains from \"./contains.js\";\nimport getNodeName from \"./getNodeName.js\";\nimport rectToClientRect from \"../utils/rectToClientRect.js\";\nimport { max, min } from \"../utils/math.js\";\n\nfunction getInnerBoundingClientRect(element, strategy) {\n var rect = getBoundingClientRect(element, false, strategy === 'fixed');\n rect.top = rect.top + element.clientTop;\n rect.left = rect.left + element.clientLeft;\n rect.bottom = rect.top + element.clientHeight;\n rect.right = rect.left + element.clientWidth;\n rect.width = element.clientWidth;\n rect.height = element.clientHeight;\n rect.x = rect.left;\n rect.y = rect.top;\n return rect;\n}\n\nfunction getClientRectFromMixedType(element, clippingParent, strategy) {\n return clippingParent === viewport ? rectToClientRect(getViewportRect(element, strategy)) : isElement(clippingParent) ? getInnerBoundingClientRect(clippingParent, strategy) : rectToClientRect(getDocumentRect(getDocumentElement(element)));\n} // A \"clipping parent\" is an overflowable container with the characteristic of\n// clipping (or hiding) overflowing elements with a position different from\n// `initial`\n\n\nfunction getClippingParents(element) {\n var clippingParents = listScrollParents(getParentNode(element));\n var canEscapeClipping = ['absolute', 'fixed'].indexOf(getComputedStyle(element).position) >= 0;\n var clipperElement = canEscapeClipping && isHTMLElement(element) ? getOffsetParent(element) : element;\n\n if (!isElement(clipperElement)) {\n return [];\n } // $FlowFixMe[incompatible-return]: https://github.com/facebook/flow/issues/1414\n\n\n return clippingParents.filter(function (clippingParent) {\n return isElement(clippingParent) && contains(clippingParent, clipperElement) && getNodeName(clippingParent) !== 'body';\n });\n} // Gets the maximum area that the element is visible in due to any number of\n// clipping parents\n\n\nexport default function getClippingRect(element, boundary, rootBoundary, strategy) {\n var mainClippingParents = boundary === 'clippingParents' ? getClippingParents(element) : [].concat(boundary);\n var clippingParents = [].concat(mainClippingParents, [rootBoundary]);\n var firstClippingParent = clippingParents[0];\n var clippingRect = clippingParents.reduce(function (accRect, clippingParent) {\n var rect = getClientRectFromMixedType(element, clippingParent, strategy);\n accRect.top = max(rect.top, accRect.top);\n accRect.right = min(rect.right, accRect.right);\n accRect.bottom = min(rect.bottom, accRect.bottom);\n accRect.left = max(rect.left, accRect.left);\n return accRect;\n }, getClientRectFromMixedType(element, firstClippingParent, strategy));\n clippingRect.width = clippingRect.right - clippingRect.left;\n clippingRect.height = clippingRect.bottom - clippingRect.top;\n clippingRect.x = clippingRect.left;\n clippingRect.y = clippingRect.top;\n return clippingRect;\n}","import getWindow from \"./getWindow.js\";\nimport getDocumentElement from \"./getDocumentElement.js\";\nimport getWindowScrollBarX from \"./getWindowScrollBarX.js\";\nimport isLayoutViewport from \"./isLayoutViewport.js\";\nexport default function getViewportRect(element, strategy) {\n var win = getWindow(element);\n var html = getDocumentElement(element);\n var visualViewport = win.visualViewport;\n var width = html.clientWidth;\n var height = html.clientHeight;\n var x = 0;\n var y = 0;\n\n if (visualViewport) {\n width = visualViewport.width;\n height = visualViewport.height;\n var layoutViewport = isLayoutViewport();\n\n if (layoutViewport || !layoutViewport && strategy === 'fixed') {\n x = visualViewport.offsetLeft;\n y = visualViewport.offsetTop;\n }\n }\n\n return {\n width: width,\n height: height,\n x: x + getWindowScrollBarX(element),\n y: y\n };\n}","import getDocumentElement from \"./getDocumentElement.js\";\nimport getComputedStyle from \"./getComputedStyle.js\";\nimport getWindowScrollBarX from \"./getWindowScrollBarX.js\";\nimport getWindowScroll from \"./getWindowScroll.js\";\nimport { max } from \"../utils/math.js\"; // Gets the entire size of the scrollable document area, even extending outside\n// of the `` and `` rect bounds if horizontally scrollable\n\nexport default function getDocumentRect(element) {\n var _element$ownerDocumen;\n\n var html = getDocumentElement(element);\n var winScroll = getWindowScroll(element);\n var body = (_element$ownerDocumen = element.ownerDocument) == null ? void 0 : _element$ownerDocumen.body;\n var width = max(html.scrollWidth, html.clientWidth, body ? body.scrollWidth : 0, body ? body.clientWidth : 0);\n var height = max(html.scrollHeight, html.clientHeight, body ? body.scrollHeight : 0, body ? body.clientHeight : 0);\n var x = -winScroll.scrollLeft + getWindowScrollBarX(element);\n var y = -winScroll.scrollTop;\n\n if (getComputedStyle(body || html).direction === 'rtl') {\n x += max(html.clientWidth, body ? body.clientWidth : 0) - width;\n }\n\n return {\n width: width,\n height: height,\n x: x,\n y: y\n };\n}","import getBasePlacement from \"./getBasePlacement.js\";\nimport getVariation from \"./getVariation.js\";\nimport getMainAxisFromPlacement from \"./getMainAxisFromPlacement.js\";\nimport { top, right, bottom, left, start, end } from \"../enums.js\";\nexport default function computeOffsets(_ref) {\n var reference = _ref.reference,\n element = _ref.element,\n placement = _ref.placement;\n var basePlacement = placement ? getBasePlacement(placement) : null;\n var variation = placement ? getVariation(placement) : null;\n var commonX = reference.x + reference.width / 2 - element.width / 2;\n var commonY = reference.y + reference.height / 2 - element.height / 2;\n var offsets;\n\n switch (basePlacement) {\n case top:\n offsets = {\n x: commonX,\n y: reference.y - element.height\n };\n break;\n\n case bottom:\n offsets = {\n x: commonX,\n y: reference.y + reference.height\n };\n break;\n\n case right:\n offsets = {\n x: reference.x + reference.width,\n y: commonY\n };\n break;\n\n case left:\n offsets = {\n x: reference.x - element.width,\n y: commonY\n };\n break;\n\n default:\n offsets = {\n x: reference.x,\n y: reference.y\n };\n }\n\n var mainAxis = basePlacement ? getMainAxisFromPlacement(basePlacement) : null;\n\n if (mainAxis != null) {\n var len = mainAxis === 'y' ? 'height' : 'width';\n\n switch (variation) {\n case start:\n offsets[mainAxis] = offsets[mainAxis] - (reference[len] / 2 - element[len] / 2);\n break;\n\n case end:\n offsets[mainAxis] = offsets[mainAxis] + (reference[len] / 2 - element[len] / 2);\n break;\n\n default:\n }\n }\n\n return offsets;\n}","import getClippingRect from \"../dom-utils/getClippingRect.js\";\nimport getDocumentElement from \"../dom-utils/getDocumentElement.js\";\nimport getBoundingClientRect from \"../dom-utils/getBoundingClientRect.js\";\nimport computeOffsets from \"./computeOffsets.js\";\nimport rectToClientRect from \"./rectToClientRect.js\";\nimport { clippingParents, reference, popper, bottom, top, right, basePlacements, viewport } from \"../enums.js\";\nimport { isElement } from \"../dom-utils/instanceOf.js\";\nimport mergePaddingObject from \"./mergePaddingObject.js\";\nimport expandToHashMap from \"./expandToHashMap.js\"; // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\nexport default function detectOverflow(state, options) {\n if (options === void 0) {\n options = {};\n }\n\n var _options = options,\n _options$placement = _options.placement,\n placement = _options$placement === void 0 ? state.placement : _options$placement,\n _options$strategy = _options.strategy,\n strategy = _options$strategy === void 0 ? state.strategy : _options$strategy,\n _options$boundary = _options.boundary,\n boundary = _options$boundary === void 0 ? clippingParents : _options$boundary,\n _options$rootBoundary = _options.rootBoundary,\n rootBoundary = _options$rootBoundary === void 0 ? viewport : _options$rootBoundary,\n _options$elementConte = _options.elementContext,\n elementContext = _options$elementConte === void 0 ? popper : _options$elementConte,\n _options$altBoundary = _options.altBoundary,\n altBoundary = _options$altBoundary === void 0 ? false : _options$altBoundary,\n _options$padding = _options.padding,\n padding = _options$padding === void 0 ? 0 : _options$padding;\n var paddingObject = mergePaddingObject(typeof padding !== 'number' ? padding : expandToHashMap(padding, basePlacements));\n var altContext = elementContext === popper ? reference : popper;\n var popperRect = state.rects.popper;\n var element = state.elements[altBoundary ? altContext : elementContext];\n var clippingClientRect = getClippingRect(isElement(element) ? element : element.contextElement || getDocumentElement(state.elements.popper), boundary, rootBoundary, strategy);\n var referenceClientRect = getBoundingClientRect(state.elements.reference);\n var popperOffsets = computeOffsets({\n reference: referenceClientRect,\n element: popperRect,\n strategy: 'absolute',\n placement: placement\n });\n var popperClientRect = rectToClientRect(Object.assign({}, popperRect, popperOffsets));\n var elementClientRect = elementContext === popper ? popperClientRect : referenceClientRect; // positive = overflowing the clipping rect\n // 0 or negative = within the clipping rect\n\n var overflowOffsets = {\n top: clippingClientRect.top - elementClientRect.top + paddingObject.top,\n bottom: elementClientRect.bottom - clippingClientRect.bottom + paddingObject.bottom,\n left: clippingClientRect.left - elementClientRect.left + paddingObject.left,\n right: elementClientRect.right - clippingClientRect.right + paddingObject.right\n };\n var offsetData = state.modifiersData.offset; // Offsets can be applied only to the popper element\n\n if (elementContext === popper && offsetData) {\n var offset = offsetData[placement];\n Object.keys(overflowOffsets).forEach(function (key) {\n var multiply = [right, bottom].indexOf(key) >= 0 ? 1 : -1;\n var axis = [top, bottom].indexOf(key) >= 0 ? 'y' : 'x';\n overflowOffsets[key] += offset[axis] * multiply;\n });\n }\n\n return overflowOffsets;\n}","import getOppositePlacement from \"../utils/getOppositePlacement.js\";\nimport getBasePlacement from \"../utils/getBasePlacement.js\";\nimport getOppositeVariationPlacement from \"../utils/getOppositeVariationPlacement.js\";\nimport detectOverflow from \"../utils/detectOverflow.js\";\nimport computeAutoPlacement from \"../utils/computeAutoPlacement.js\";\nimport { bottom, top, start, right, left, auto } from \"../enums.js\";\nimport getVariation from \"../utils/getVariation.js\"; // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\nfunction getExpandedFallbackPlacements(placement) {\n if (getBasePlacement(placement) === auto) {\n return [];\n }\n\n var oppositePlacement = getOppositePlacement(placement);\n return [getOppositeVariationPlacement(placement), oppositePlacement, getOppositeVariationPlacement(oppositePlacement)];\n}\n\nfunction flip(_ref) {\n var state = _ref.state,\n options = _ref.options,\n name = _ref.name;\n\n if (state.modifiersData[name]._skip) {\n return;\n }\n\n var _options$mainAxis = options.mainAxis,\n checkMainAxis = _options$mainAxis === void 0 ? true : _options$mainAxis,\n _options$altAxis = options.altAxis,\n checkAltAxis = _options$altAxis === void 0 ? true : _options$altAxis,\n specifiedFallbackPlacements = options.fallbackPlacements,\n padding = options.padding,\n boundary = options.boundary,\n rootBoundary = options.rootBoundary,\n altBoundary = options.altBoundary,\n _options$flipVariatio = options.flipVariations,\n flipVariations = _options$flipVariatio === void 0 ? true : _options$flipVariatio,\n allowedAutoPlacements = options.allowedAutoPlacements;\n var preferredPlacement = state.options.placement;\n var basePlacement = getBasePlacement(preferredPlacement);\n var isBasePlacement = basePlacement === preferredPlacement;\n var fallbackPlacements = specifiedFallbackPlacements || (isBasePlacement || !flipVariations ? [getOppositePlacement(preferredPlacement)] : getExpandedFallbackPlacements(preferredPlacement));\n var placements = [preferredPlacement].concat(fallbackPlacements).reduce(function (acc, placement) {\n return acc.concat(getBasePlacement(placement) === auto ? computeAutoPlacement(state, {\n placement: placement,\n boundary: boundary,\n rootBoundary: rootBoundary,\n padding: padding,\n flipVariations: flipVariations,\n allowedAutoPlacements: allowedAutoPlacements\n }) : placement);\n }, []);\n var referenceRect = state.rects.reference;\n var popperRect = state.rects.popper;\n var checksMap = new Map();\n var makeFallbackChecks = true;\n var firstFittingPlacement = placements[0];\n\n for (var i = 0; i < placements.length; i++) {\n var placement = placements[i];\n\n var _basePlacement = getBasePlacement(placement);\n\n var isStartVariation = getVariation(placement) === start;\n var isVertical = [top, bottom].indexOf(_basePlacement) >= 0;\n var len = isVertical ? 'width' : 'height';\n var overflow = detectOverflow(state, {\n placement: placement,\n boundary: boundary,\n rootBoundary: rootBoundary,\n altBoundary: altBoundary,\n padding: padding\n });\n var mainVariationSide = isVertical ? isStartVariation ? right : left : isStartVariation ? bottom : top;\n\n if (referenceRect[len] > popperRect[len]) {\n mainVariationSide = getOppositePlacement(mainVariationSide);\n }\n\n var altVariationSide = getOppositePlacement(mainVariationSide);\n var checks = [];\n\n if (checkMainAxis) {\n checks.push(overflow[_basePlacement] <= 0);\n }\n\n if (checkAltAxis) {\n checks.push(overflow[mainVariationSide] <= 0, overflow[altVariationSide] <= 0);\n }\n\n if (checks.every(function (check) {\n return check;\n })) {\n firstFittingPlacement = placement;\n makeFallbackChecks = false;\n break;\n }\n\n checksMap.set(placement, checks);\n }\n\n if (makeFallbackChecks) {\n // `2` may be desired in some cases – research later\n var numberOfChecks = flipVariations ? 3 : 1;\n\n var _loop = function _loop(_i) {\n var fittingPlacement = placements.find(function (placement) {\n var checks = checksMap.get(placement);\n\n if (checks) {\n return checks.slice(0, _i).every(function (check) {\n return check;\n });\n }\n });\n\n if (fittingPlacement) {\n firstFittingPlacement = fittingPlacement;\n return \"break\";\n }\n };\n\n for (var _i = numberOfChecks; _i > 0; _i--) {\n var _ret = _loop(_i);\n\n if (_ret === \"break\") break;\n }\n }\n\n if (state.placement !== firstFittingPlacement) {\n state.modifiersData[name]._skip = true;\n state.placement = firstFittingPlacement;\n state.reset = true;\n }\n} // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\n\nexport default {\n name: 'flip',\n enabled: true,\n phase: 'main',\n fn: flip,\n requiresIfExists: ['offset'],\n data: {\n _skip: false\n }\n};","import getVariation from \"./getVariation.js\";\nimport { variationPlacements, basePlacements, placements as allPlacements } from \"../enums.js\";\nimport detectOverflow from \"./detectOverflow.js\";\nimport getBasePlacement from \"./getBasePlacement.js\";\nexport default function computeAutoPlacement(state, options) {\n if (options === void 0) {\n options = {};\n }\n\n var _options = options,\n placement = _options.placement,\n boundary = _options.boundary,\n rootBoundary = _options.rootBoundary,\n padding = _options.padding,\n flipVariations = _options.flipVariations,\n _options$allowedAutoP = _options.allowedAutoPlacements,\n allowedAutoPlacements = _options$allowedAutoP === void 0 ? allPlacements : _options$allowedAutoP;\n var variation = getVariation(placement);\n var placements = variation ? flipVariations ? variationPlacements : variationPlacements.filter(function (placement) {\n return getVariation(placement) === variation;\n }) : basePlacements;\n var allowedPlacements = placements.filter(function (placement) {\n return allowedAutoPlacements.indexOf(placement) >= 0;\n });\n\n if (allowedPlacements.length === 0) {\n allowedPlacements = placements;\n } // $FlowFixMe[incompatible-type]: Flow seems to have problems with two array unions...\n\n\n var overflows = allowedPlacements.reduce(function (acc, placement) {\n acc[placement] = detectOverflow(state, {\n placement: placement,\n boundary: boundary,\n rootBoundary: rootBoundary,\n padding: padding\n })[getBasePlacement(placement)];\n return acc;\n }, {});\n return Object.keys(overflows).sort(function (a, b) {\n return overflows[a] - overflows[b];\n });\n}","import { top, bottom, left, right } from \"../enums.js\";\nimport detectOverflow from \"../utils/detectOverflow.js\";\n\nfunction getSideOffsets(overflow, rect, preventedOffsets) {\n if (preventedOffsets === void 0) {\n preventedOffsets = {\n x: 0,\n y: 0\n };\n }\n\n return {\n top: overflow.top - rect.height - preventedOffsets.y,\n right: overflow.right - rect.width + preventedOffsets.x,\n bottom: overflow.bottom - rect.height + preventedOffsets.y,\n left: overflow.left - rect.width - preventedOffsets.x\n };\n}\n\nfunction isAnySideFullyClipped(overflow) {\n return [top, right, bottom, left].some(function (side) {\n return overflow[side] >= 0;\n });\n}\n\nfunction hide(_ref) {\n var state = _ref.state,\n name = _ref.name;\n var referenceRect = state.rects.reference;\n var popperRect = state.rects.popper;\n var preventedOffsets = state.modifiersData.preventOverflow;\n var referenceOverflow = detectOverflow(state, {\n elementContext: 'reference'\n });\n var popperAltOverflow = detectOverflow(state, {\n altBoundary: true\n });\n var referenceClippingOffsets = getSideOffsets(referenceOverflow, referenceRect);\n var popperEscapeOffsets = getSideOffsets(popperAltOverflow, popperRect, preventedOffsets);\n var isReferenceHidden = isAnySideFullyClipped(referenceClippingOffsets);\n var hasPopperEscaped = isAnySideFullyClipped(popperEscapeOffsets);\n state.modifiersData[name] = {\n referenceClippingOffsets: referenceClippingOffsets,\n popperEscapeOffsets: popperEscapeOffsets,\n isReferenceHidden: isReferenceHidden,\n hasPopperEscaped: hasPopperEscaped\n };\n state.attributes.popper = Object.assign({}, state.attributes.popper, {\n 'data-popper-reference-hidden': isReferenceHidden,\n 'data-popper-escaped': hasPopperEscaped\n });\n} // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\n\nexport default {\n name: 'hide',\n enabled: true,\n phase: 'main',\n requiresIfExists: ['preventOverflow'],\n fn: hide\n};","import getBasePlacement from \"../utils/getBasePlacement.js\";\nimport { top, left, right, placements } from \"../enums.js\"; // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\nexport function distanceAndSkiddingToXY(placement, rects, offset) {\n var basePlacement = getBasePlacement(placement);\n var invertDistance = [left, top].indexOf(basePlacement) >= 0 ? -1 : 1;\n\n var _ref = typeof offset === 'function' ? offset(Object.assign({}, rects, {\n placement: placement\n })) : offset,\n skidding = _ref[0],\n distance = _ref[1];\n\n skidding = skidding || 0;\n distance = (distance || 0) * invertDistance;\n return [left, right].indexOf(basePlacement) >= 0 ? {\n x: distance,\n y: skidding\n } : {\n x: skidding,\n y: distance\n };\n}\n\nfunction offset(_ref2) {\n var state = _ref2.state,\n options = _ref2.options,\n name = _ref2.name;\n var _options$offset = options.offset,\n offset = _options$offset === void 0 ? [0, 0] : _options$offset;\n var data = placements.reduce(function (acc, placement) {\n acc[placement] = distanceAndSkiddingToXY(placement, state.rects, offset);\n return acc;\n }, {});\n var _data$state$placement = data[state.placement],\n x = _data$state$placement.x,\n y = _data$state$placement.y;\n\n if (state.modifiersData.popperOffsets != null) {\n state.modifiersData.popperOffsets.x += x;\n state.modifiersData.popperOffsets.y += y;\n }\n\n state.modifiersData[name] = data;\n} // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\n\nexport default {\n name: 'offset',\n enabled: true,\n phase: 'main',\n requires: ['popperOffsets'],\n fn: offset\n};","import computeOffsets from \"../utils/computeOffsets.js\";\n\nfunction popperOffsets(_ref) {\n var state = _ref.state,\n name = _ref.name;\n // Offsets are the actual position the popper needs to have to be\n // properly positioned near its reference element\n // This is the most basic placement, and will be adjusted by\n // the modifiers in the next step\n state.modifiersData[name] = computeOffsets({\n reference: state.rects.reference,\n element: state.rects.popper,\n strategy: 'absolute',\n placement: state.placement\n });\n} // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\n\nexport default {\n name: 'popperOffsets',\n enabled: true,\n phase: 'read',\n fn: popperOffsets,\n data: {}\n};","import { top, left, right, bottom, start } from \"../enums.js\";\nimport getBasePlacement from \"../utils/getBasePlacement.js\";\nimport getMainAxisFromPlacement from \"../utils/getMainAxisFromPlacement.js\";\nimport getAltAxis from \"../utils/getAltAxis.js\";\nimport { within, withinMaxClamp } from \"../utils/within.js\";\nimport getLayoutRect from \"../dom-utils/getLayoutRect.js\";\nimport getOffsetParent from \"../dom-utils/getOffsetParent.js\";\nimport detectOverflow from \"../utils/detectOverflow.js\";\nimport getVariation from \"../utils/getVariation.js\";\nimport getFreshSideObject from \"../utils/getFreshSideObject.js\";\nimport { min as mathMin, max as mathMax } from \"../utils/math.js\";\n\nfunction preventOverflow(_ref) {\n var state = _ref.state,\n options = _ref.options,\n name = _ref.name;\n var _options$mainAxis = options.mainAxis,\n checkMainAxis = _options$mainAxis === void 0 ? true : _options$mainAxis,\n _options$altAxis = options.altAxis,\n checkAltAxis = _options$altAxis === void 0 ? false : _options$altAxis,\n boundary = options.boundary,\n rootBoundary = options.rootBoundary,\n altBoundary = options.altBoundary,\n padding = options.padding,\n _options$tether = options.tether,\n tether = _options$tether === void 0 ? true : _options$tether,\n _options$tetherOffset = options.tetherOffset,\n tetherOffset = _options$tetherOffset === void 0 ? 0 : _options$tetherOffset;\n var overflow = detectOverflow(state, {\n boundary: boundary,\n rootBoundary: rootBoundary,\n padding: padding,\n altBoundary: altBoundary\n });\n var basePlacement = getBasePlacement(state.placement);\n var variation = getVariation(state.placement);\n var isBasePlacement = !variation;\n var mainAxis = getMainAxisFromPlacement(basePlacement);\n var altAxis = getAltAxis(mainAxis);\n var popperOffsets = state.modifiersData.popperOffsets;\n var referenceRect = state.rects.reference;\n var popperRect = state.rects.popper;\n var tetherOffsetValue = typeof tetherOffset === 'function' ? tetherOffset(Object.assign({}, state.rects, {\n placement: state.placement\n })) : tetherOffset;\n var normalizedTetherOffsetValue = typeof tetherOffsetValue === 'number' ? {\n mainAxis: tetherOffsetValue,\n altAxis: tetherOffsetValue\n } : Object.assign({\n mainAxis: 0,\n altAxis: 0\n }, tetherOffsetValue);\n var offsetModifierState = state.modifiersData.offset ? state.modifiersData.offset[state.placement] : null;\n var data = {\n x: 0,\n y: 0\n };\n\n if (!popperOffsets) {\n return;\n }\n\n if (checkMainAxis) {\n var _offsetModifierState$;\n\n var mainSide = mainAxis === 'y' ? top : left;\n var altSide = mainAxis === 'y' ? bottom : right;\n var len = mainAxis === 'y' ? 'height' : 'width';\n var offset = popperOffsets[mainAxis];\n var min = offset + overflow[mainSide];\n var max = offset - overflow[altSide];\n var additive = tether ? -popperRect[len] / 2 : 0;\n var minLen = variation === start ? referenceRect[len] : popperRect[len];\n var maxLen = variation === start ? -popperRect[len] : -referenceRect[len]; // We need to include the arrow in the calculation so the arrow doesn't go\n // outside the reference bounds\n\n var arrowElement = state.elements.arrow;\n var arrowRect = tether && arrowElement ? getLayoutRect(arrowElement) : {\n width: 0,\n height: 0\n };\n var arrowPaddingObject = state.modifiersData['arrow#persistent'] ? state.modifiersData['arrow#persistent'].padding : getFreshSideObject();\n var arrowPaddingMin = arrowPaddingObject[mainSide];\n var arrowPaddingMax = arrowPaddingObject[altSide]; // If the reference length is smaller than the arrow length, we don't want\n // to include its full size in the calculation. If the reference is small\n // and near the edge of a boundary, the popper can overflow even if the\n // reference is not overflowing as well (e.g. virtual elements with no\n // width or height)\n\n var arrowLen = within(0, referenceRect[len], arrowRect[len]);\n var minOffset = isBasePlacement ? referenceRect[len] / 2 - additive - arrowLen - arrowPaddingMin - normalizedTetherOffsetValue.mainAxis : minLen - arrowLen - arrowPaddingMin - normalizedTetherOffsetValue.mainAxis;\n var maxOffset = isBasePlacement ? -referenceRect[len] / 2 + additive + arrowLen + arrowPaddingMax + normalizedTetherOffsetValue.mainAxis : maxLen + arrowLen + arrowPaddingMax + normalizedTetherOffsetValue.mainAxis;\n var arrowOffsetParent = state.elements.arrow && getOffsetParent(state.elements.arrow);\n var clientOffset = arrowOffsetParent ? mainAxis === 'y' ? arrowOffsetParent.clientTop || 0 : arrowOffsetParent.clientLeft || 0 : 0;\n var offsetModifierValue = (_offsetModifierState$ = offsetModifierState == null ? void 0 : offsetModifierState[mainAxis]) != null ? _offsetModifierState$ : 0;\n var tetherMin = offset + minOffset - offsetModifierValue - clientOffset;\n var tetherMax = offset + maxOffset - offsetModifierValue;\n var preventedOffset = within(tether ? mathMin(min, tetherMin) : min, offset, tether ? mathMax(max, tetherMax) : max);\n popperOffsets[mainAxis] = preventedOffset;\n data[mainAxis] = preventedOffset - offset;\n }\n\n if (checkAltAxis) {\n var _offsetModifierState$2;\n\n var _mainSide = mainAxis === 'x' ? top : left;\n\n var _altSide = mainAxis === 'x' ? bottom : right;\n\n var _offset = popperOffsets[altAxis];\n\n var _len = altAxis === 'y' ? 'height' : 'width';\n\n var _min = _offset + overflow[_mainSide];\n\n var _max = _offset - overflow[_altSide];\n\n var isOriginSide = [top, left].indexOf(basePlacement) !== -1;\n\n var _offsetModifierValue = (_offsetModifierState$2 = offsetModifierState == null ? void 0 : offsetModifierState[altAxis]) != null ? _offsetModifierState$2 : 0;\n\n var _tetherMin = isOriginSide ? _min : _offset - referenceRect[_len] - popperRect[_len] - _offsetModifierValue + normalizedTetherOffsetValue.altAxis;\n\n var _tetherMax = isOriginSide ? _offset + referenceRect[_len] + popperRect[_len] - _offsetModifierValue - normalizedTetherOffsetValue.altAxis : _max;\n\n var _preventedOffset = tether && isOriginSide ? withinMaxClamp(_tetherMin, _offset, _tetherMax) : within(tether ? _tetherMin : _min, _offset, tether ? _tetherMax : _max);\n\n popperOffsets[altAxis] = _preventedOffset;\n data[altAxis] = _preventedOffset - _offset;\n }\n\n state.modifiersData[name] = data;\n} // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\n\nexport default {\n name: 'preventOverflow',\n enabled: true,\n phase: 'main',\n fn: preventOverflow,\n requiresIfExists: ['offset']\n};","export default function getAltAxis(axis) {\n return axis === 'x' ? 'y' : 'x';\n}","import getBoundingClientRect from \"./getBoundingClientRect.js\";\nimport getNodeScroll from \"./getNodeScroll.js\";\nimport getNodeName from \"./getNodeName.js\";\nimport { isHTMLElement } from \"./instanceOf.js\";\nimport getWindowScrollBarX from \"./getWindowScrollBarX.js\";\nimport getDocumentElement from \"./getDocumentElement.js\";\nimport isScrollParent from \"./isScrollParent.js\";\nimport { round } from \"../utils/math.js\";\n\nfunction isElementScaled(element) {\n var rect = element.getBoundingClientRect();\n var scaleX = round(rect.width) / element.offsetWidth || 1;\n var scaleY = round(rect.height) / element.offsetHeight || 1;\n return scaleX !== 1 || scaleY !== 1;\n} // Returns the composite rect of an element relative to its offsetParent.\n// Composite means it takes into account transforms as well as layout.\n\n\nexport default function getCompositeRect(elementOrVirtualElement, offsetParent, isFixed) {\n if (isFixed === void 0) {\n isFixed = false;\n }\n\n var isOffsetParentAnElement = isHTMLElement(offsetParent);\n var offsetParentIsScaled = isHTMLElement(offsetParent) && isElementScaled(offsetParent);\n var documentElement = getDocumentElement(offsetParent);\n var rect = getBoundingClientRect(elementOrVirtualElement, offsetParentIsScaled, isFixed);\n var scroll = {\n scrollLeft: 0,\n scrollTop: 0\n };\n var offsets = {\n x: 0,\n y: 0\n };\n\n if (isOffsetParentAnElement || !isOffsetParentAnElement && !isFixed) {\n if (getNodeName(offsetParent) !== 'body' || // https://github.com/popperjs/popper-core/issues/1078\n isScrollParent(documentElement)) {\n scroll = getNodeScroll(offsetParent);\n }\n\n if (isHTMLElement(offsetParent)) {\n offsets = getBoundingClientRect(offsetParent, true);\n offsets.x += offsetParent.clientLeft;\n offsets.y += offsetParent.clientTop;\n } else if (documentElement) {\n offsets.x = getWindowScrollBarX(documentElement);\n }\n }\n\n return {\n x: rect.left + scroll.scrollLeft - offsets.x,\n y: rect.top + scroll.scrollTop - offsets.y,\n width: rect.width,\n height: rect.height\n };\n}","import getWindowScroll from \"./getWindowScroll.js\";\nimport getWindow from \"./getWindow.js\";\nimport { isHTMLElement } from \"./instanceOf.js\";\nimport getHTMLElementScroll from \"./getHTMLElementScroll.js\";\nexport default function getNodeScroll(node) {\n if (node === getWindow(node) || !isHTMLElement(node)) {\n return getWindowScroll(node);\n } else {\n return getHTMLElementScroll(node);\n }\n}","export default function getHTMLElementScroll(element) {\n return {\n scrollLeft: element.scrollLeft,\n scrollTop: element.scrollTop\n };\n}","import { modifierPhases } from \"../enums.js\"; // source: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49875255\n\nfunction order(modifiers) {\n var map = new Map();\n var visited = new Set();\n var result = [];\n modifiers.forEach(function (modifier) {\n map.set(modifier.name, modifier);\n }); // On visiting object, check for its dependencies and visit them recursively\n\n function sort(modifier) {\n visited.add(modifier.name);\n var requires = [].concat(modifier.requires || [], modifier.requiresIfExists || []);\n requires.forEach(function (dep) {\n if (!visited.has(dep)) {\n var depModifier = map.get(dep);\n\n if (depModifier) {\n sort(depModifier);\n }\n }\n });\n result.push(modifier);\n }\n\n modifiers.forEach(function (modifier) {\n if (!visited.has(modifier.name)) {\n // check for visited object\n sort(modifier);\n }\n });\n return result;\n}\n\nexport default function orderModifiers(modifiers) {\n // order based on dependencies\n var orderedModifiers = order(modifiers); // order based on phase\n\n return modifierPhases.reduce(function (acc, phase) {\n return acc.concat(orderedModifiers.filter(function (modifier) {\n return modifier.phase === phase;\n }));\n }, []);\n}","import getCompositeRect from \"./dom-utils/getCompositeRect.js\";\nimport getLayoutRect from \"./dom-utils/getLayoutRect.js\";\nimport listScrollParents from \"./dom-utils/listScrollParents.js\";\nimport getOffsetParent from \"./dom-utils/getOffsetParent.js\";\nimport orderModifiers from \"./utils/orderModifiers.js\";\nimport debounce from \"./utils/debounce.js\";\nimport mergeByName from \"./utils/mergeByName.js\";\nimport detectOverflow from \"./utils/detectOverflow.js\";\nimport { isElement } from \"./dom-utils/instanceOf.js\";\nvar DEFAULT_OPTIONS = {\n placement: 'bottom',\n modifiers: [],\n strategy: 'absolute'\n};\n\nfunction areValidElements() {\n for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n }\n\n return !args.some(function (element) {\n return !(element && typeof element.getBoundingClientRect === 'function');\n });\n}\n\nexport function popperGenerator(generatorOptions) {\n if (generatorOptions === void 0) {\n generatorOptions = {};\n }\n\n var _generatorOptions = generatorOptions,\n _generatorOptions$def = _generatorOptions.defaultModifiers,\n defaultModifiers = _generatorOptions$def === void 0 ? [] : _generatorOptions$def,\n _generatorOptions$def2 = _generatorOptions.defaultOptions,\n defaultOptions = _generatorOptions$def2 === void 0 ? DEFAULT_OPTIONS : _generatorOptions$def2;\n return function createPopper(reference, popper, options) {\n if (options === void 0) {\n options = defaultOptions;\n }\n\n var state = {\n placement: 'bottom',\n orderedModifiers: [],\n options: Object.assign({}, DEFAULT_OPTIONS, defaultOptions),\n modifiersData: {},\n elements: {\n reference: reference,\n popper: popper\n },\n attributes: {},\n styles: {}\n };\n var effectCleanupFns = [];\n var isDestroyed = false;\n var instance = {\n state: state,\n setOptions: function setOptions(setOptionsAction) {\n var options = typeof setOptionsAction === 'function' ? setOptionsAction(state.options) : setOptionsAction;\n cleanupModifierEffects();\n state.options = Object.assign({}, defaultOptions, state.options, options);\n state.scrollParents = {\n reference: isElement(reference) ? listScrollParents(reference) : reference.contextElement ? listScrollParents(reference.contextElement) : [],\n popper: listScrollParents(popper)\n }; // Orders the modifiers based on their dependencies and `phase`\n // properties\n\n var orderedModifiers = orderModifiers(mergeByName([].concat(defaultModifiers, state.options.modifiers))); // Strip out disabled modifiers\n\n state.orderedModifiers = orderedModifiers.filter(function (m) {\n return m.enabled;\n });\n runModifierEffects();\n return instance.update();\n },\n // Sync update – it will always be executed, even if not necessary. This\n // is useful for low frequency updates where sync behavior simplifies the\n // logic.\n // For high frequency updates (e.g. `resize` and `scroll` events), always\n // prefer the async Popper#update method\n forceUpdate: function forceUpdate() {\n if (isDestroyed) {\n return;\n }\n\n var _state$elements = state.elements,\n reference = _state$elements.reference,\n popper = _state$elements.popper; // Don't proceed if `reference` or `popper` are not valid elements\n // anymore\n\n if (!areValidElements(reference, popper)) {\n return;\n } // Store the reference and popper rects to be read by modifiers\n\n\n state.rects = {\n reference: getCompositeRect(reference, getOffsetParent(popper), state.options.strategy === 'fixed'),\n popper: getLayoutRect(popper)\n }; // Modifiers have the ability to reset the current update cycle. The\n // most common use case for this is the `flip` modifier changing the\n // placement, which then needs to re-run all the modifiers, because the\n // logic was previously ran for the previous placement and is therefore\n // stale/incorrect\n\n state.reset = false;\n state.placement = state.options.placement; // On each update cycle, the `modifiersData` property for each modifier\n // is filled with the initial data specified by the modifier. This means\n // it doesn't persist and is fresh on each update.\n // To ensure persistent data, use `${name}#persistent`\n\n state.orderedModifiers.forEach(function (modifier) {\n return state.modifiersData[modifier.name] = Object.assign({}, modifier.data);\n });\n\n for (var index = 0; index < state.orderedModifiers.length; index++) {\n if (state.reset === true) {\n state.reset = false;\n index = -1;\n continue;\n }\n\n var _state$orderedModifie = state.orderedModifiers[index],\n fn = _state$orderedModifie.fn,\n _state$orderedModifie2 = _state$orderedModifie.options,\n _options = _state$orderedModifie2 === void 0 ? {} : _state$orderedModifie2,\n name = _state$orderedModifie.name;\n\n if (typeof fn === 'function') {\n state = fn({\n state: state,\n options: _options,\n name: name,\n instance: instance\n }) || state;\n }\n }\n },\n // Async and optimistically optimized update – it will not be executed if\n // not necessary (debounced to run at most once-per-tick)\n update: debounce(function () {\n return new Promise(function (resolve) {\n instance.forceUpdate();\n resolve(state);\n });\n }),\n destroy: function destroy() {\n cleanupModifierEffects();\n isDestroyed = true;\n }\n };\n\n if (!areValidElements(reference, popper)) {\n return instance;\n }\n\n instance.setOptions(options).then(function (state) {\n if (!isDestroyed && options.onFirstUpdate) {\n options.onFirstUpdate(state);\n }\n }); // Modifiers have the ability to execute arbitrary code before the first\n // update cycle runs. They will be executed in the same order as the update\n // cycle. This is useful when a modifier adds some persistent data that\n // other modifiers need to use, but the modifier is run after the dependent\n // one.\n\n function runModifierEffects() {\n state.orderedModifiers.forEach(function (_ref) {\n var name = _ref.name,\n _ref$options = _ref.options,\n options = _ref$options === void 0 ? {} : _ref$options,\n effect = _ref.effect;\n\n if (typeof effect === 'function') {\n var cleanupFn = effect({\n state: state,\n name: name,\n instance: instance,\n options: options\n });\n\n var noopFn = function noopFn() {};\n\n effectCleanupFns.push(cleanupFn || noopFn);\n }\n });\n }\n\n function cleanupModifierEffects() {\n effectCleanupFns.forEach(function (fn) {\n return fn();\n });\n effectCleanupFns = [];\n }\n\n return instance;\n };\n}\nexport var createPopper = /*#__PURE__*/popperGenerator(); // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\nexport { detectOverflow };","export default function debounce(fn) {\n var pending;\n return function () {\n if (!pending) {\n pending = new Promise(function (resolve) {\n Promise.resolve().then(function () {\n pending = undefined;\n resolve(fn());\n });\n });\n }\n\n return pending;\n };\n}","export default function mergeByName(modifiers) {\n var merged = modifiers.reduce(function (merged, current) {\n var existing = merged[current.name];\n merged[current.name] = existing ? Object.assign({}, existing, current, {\n options: Object.assign({}, existing.options, current.options),\n data: Object.assign({}, existing.data, current.data)\n }) : current;\n return merged;\n }, {}); // IE11 does not support Object.values\n\n return Object.keys(merged).map(function (key) {\n return merged[key];\n });\n}","import { popperGenerator, detectOverflow } from \"./createPopper.js\";\nimport eventListeners from \"./modifiers/eventListeners.js\";\nimport popperOffsets from \"./modifiers/popperOffsets.js\";\nimport computeStyles from \"./modifiers/computeStyles.js\";\nimport applyStyles from \"./modifiers/applyStyles.js\";\nimport offset from \"./modifiers/offset.js\";\nimport flip from \"./modifiers/flip.js\";\nimport preventOverflow from \"./modifiers/preventOverflow.js\";\nimport arrow from \"./modifiers/arrow.js\";\nimport hide from \"./modifiers/hide.js\";\nvar defaultModifiers = [eventListeners, popperOffsets, computeStyles, applyStyles, offset, flip, preventOverflow, arrow, hide];\nvar createPopper = /*#__PURE__*/popperGenerator({\n defaultModifiers: defaultModifiers\n}); // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\nexport { createPopper, popperGenerator, defaultModifiers, detectOverflow }; // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\nexport { createPopper as createPopperLite } from \"./popper-lite.js\"; // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\nexport * from \"./modifiers/index.js\";","import { popperGenerator, detectOverflow } from \"./createPopper.js\";\nimport eventListeners from \"./modifiers/eventListeners.js\";\nimport popperOffsets from \"./modifiers/popperOffsets.js\";\nimport computeStyles from \"./modifiers/computeStyles.js\";\nimport applyStyles from \"./modifiers/applyStyles.js\";\nvar defaultModifiers = [eventListeners, popperOffsets, computeStyles, applyStyles];\nvar createPopper = /*#__PURE__*/popperGenerator({\n defaultModifiers: defaultModifiers\n}); // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unused-modules\n\nexport { createPopper, popperGenerator, defaultModifiers, detectOverflow };","/*!\n * Bootstrap v5.3.2 (https://getbootstrap.com/)\n * Copyright 2011-2023 The Bootstrap Authors (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/graphs/contributors)\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n */\nimport * as Popper from '@popperjs/core';\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap dom/data.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n/**\n * Constants\n */\n\nconst elementMap = new Map();\nconst Data = {\n set(element, key, instance) {\n if (!elementMap.has(element)) {\n elementMap.set(element, new Map());\n }\n const instanceMap = elementMap.get(element);\n\n // make it clear we only want one instance per element\n // can be removed later when multiple key/instances are fine to be used\n if (!instanceMap.has(key) && instanceMap.size !== 0) {\n // eslint-disable-next-line no-console\n console.error(`Bootstrap doesn't allow more than one instance per element. Bound instance: ${Array.from(instanceMap.keys())[0]}.`);\n return;\n }\n instanceMap.set(key, instance);\n },\n get(element, key) {\n if (elementMap.has(element)) {\n return elementMap.get(element).get(key) || null;\n }\n return null;\n },\n remove(element, key) {\n if (!elementMap.has(element)) {\n return;\n }\n const instanceMap = elementMap.get(element);\n instanceMap.delete(key);\n\n // free up element references if there are no instances left for an element\n if (instanceMap.size === 0) {\n elementMap.delete(element);\n }\n }\n};\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap util/index.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\nconst MAX_UID = 1000000;\nconst MILLISECONDS_MULTIPLIER = 1000;\nconst TRANSITION_END = 'transitionend';\n\n/**\n * Properly escape IDs selectors to handle weird IDs\n * @param {string} selector\n * @returns {string}\n */\nconst parseSelector = selector => {\n if (selector && window.CSS && window.CSS.escape) {\n // document.querySelector needs escaping to handle IDs (html5+) containing for instance /\n selector = selector.replace(/#([^\\s\"#']+)/g, (match, id) => `#${CSS.escape(id)}`);\n }\n return selector;\n};\n\n// Shout-out Angus Croll (https://goo.gl/pxwQGp)\nconst toType = object => {\n if (object === null || object === undefined) {\n return `${object}`;\n }\n return Object.prototype.toString.call(object).match(/\\s([a-z]+)/i)[1].toLowerCase();\n};\n\n/**\n * Public Util API\n */\n\nconst getUID = prefix => {\n do {\n prefix += Math.floor(Math.random() * MAX_UID);\n } while (document.getElementById(prefix));\n return prefix;\n};\nconst getTransitionDurationFromElement = element => {\n if (!element) {\n return 0;\n }\n\n // Get transition-duration of the element\n let {\n transitionDuration,\n transitionDelay\n } = window.getComputedStyle(element);\n const floatTransitionDuration = Number.parseFloat(transitionDuration);\n const floatTransitionDelay = Number.parseFloat(transitionDelay);\n\n // Return 0 if element or transition duration is not found\n if (!floatTransitionDuration && !floatTransitionDelay) {\n return 0;\n }\n\n // If multiple durations are defined, take the first\n transitionDuration = transitionDuration.split(',')[0];\n transitionDelay = transitionDelay.split(',')[0];\n return (Number.parseFloat(transitionDuration) + Number.parseFloat(transitionDelay)) * MILLISECONDS_MULTIPLIER;\n};\nconst triggerTransitionEnd = element => {\n element.dispatchEvent(new Event(TRANSITION_END));\n};\nconst isElement = object => {\n if (!object || typeof object !== 'object') {\n return false;\n }\n if (typeof object.jquery !== 'undefined') {\n object = object[0];\n }\n return typeof object.nodeType !== 'undefined';\n};\nconst getElement = object => {\n // it's a jQuery object or a node element\n if (isElement(object)) {\n return object.jquery ? object[0] : object;\n }\n if (typeof object === 'string' && object.length > 0) {\n return document.querySelector(parseSelector(object));\n }\n return null;\n};\nconst isVisible = element => {\n if (!isElement(element) || element.getClientRects().length === 0) {\n return false;\n }\n const elementIsVisible = getComputedStyle(element).getPropertyValue('visibility') === 'visible';\n // Handle `details` element as its content may falsie appear visible when it is closed\n const closedDetails = element.closest('details:not([open])');\n if (!closedDetails) {\n return elementIsVisible;\n }\n if (closedDetails !== element) {\n const summary = element.closest('summary');\n if (summary && summary.parentNode !== closedDetails) {\n return false;\n }\n if (summary === null) {\n return false;\n }\n }\n return elementIsVisible;\n};\nconst isDisabled = element => {\n if (!element || element.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {\n return true;\n }\n if (element.classList.contains('disabled')) {\n return true;\n }\n if (typeof element.disabled !== 'undefined') {\n return element.disabled;\n }\n return element.hasAttribute('disabled') && element.getAttribute('disabled') !== 'false';\n};\nconst findShadowRoot = element => {\n if (!document.documentElement.attachShadow) {\n return null;\n }\n\n // Can find the shadow root otherwise it'll return the document\n if (typeof element.getRootNode === 'function') {\n const root = element.getRootNode();\n return root instanceof ShadowRoot ? root : null;\n }\n if (element instanceof ShadowRoot) {\n return element;\n }\n\n // when we don't find a shadow root\n if (!element.parentNode) {\n return null;\n }\n return findShadowRoot(element.parentNode);\n};\nconst noop = () => {};\n\n/**\n * Trick to restart an element's animation\n *\n * @param {HTMLElement} element\n * @return void\n *\n * @see https://www.charistheo.io/blog/2021/02/restart-a-css-animation-with-javascript/#restarting-a-css-animation\n */\nconst reflow = element => {\n element.offsetHeight; // eslint-disable-line no-unused-expressions\n};\n\nconst getjQuery = () => {\n if (window.jQuery && !document.body.hasAttribute('data-bs-no-jquery')) {\n return window.jQuery;\n }\n return null;\n};\nconst DOMContentLoadedCallbacks = [];\nconst onDOMContentLoaded = callback => {\n if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n // add listener on the first call when the document is in loading state\n if (!DOMContentLoadedCallbacks.length) {\n document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {\n for (const callback of DOMContentLoadedCallbacks) {\n callback();\n }\n });\n }\n DOMContentLoadedCallbacks.push(callback);\n } else {\n callback();\n }\n};\nconst isRTL = () => document.documentElement.dir === 'rtl';\nconst defineJQueryPlugin = plugin => {\n onDOMContentLoaded(() => {\n const $ = getjQuery();\n /* istanbul ignore if */\n if ($) {\n const name = plugin.NAME;\n const JQUERY_NO_CONFLICT = $.fn[name];\n $.fn[name] = plugin.jQueryInterface;\n $.fn[name].Constructor = plugin;\n $.fn[name].noConflict = () => {\n $.fn[name] = JQUERY_NO_CONFLICT;\n return plugin.jQueryInterface;\n };\n }\n });\n};\nconst execute = (possibleCallback, args = [], defaultValue = possibleCallback) => {\n return typeof possibleCallback === 'function' ? possibleCallback(...args) : defaultValue;\n};\nconst executeAfterTransition = (callback, transitionElement, waitForTransition = true) => {\n if (!waitForTransition) {\n execute(callback);\n return;\n }\n const durationPadding = 5;\n const emulatedDuration = getTransitionDurationFromElement(transitionElement) + durationPadding;\n let called = false;\n const handler = ({\n target\n }) => {\n if (target !== transitionElement) {\n return;\n }\n called = true;\n transitionElement.removeEventListener(TRANSITION_END, handler);\n execute(callback);\n };\n transitionElement.addEventListener(TRANSITION_END, handler);\n setTimeout(() => {\n if (!called) {\n triggerTransitionEnd(transitionElement);\n }\n }, emulatedDuration);\n};\n\n/**\n * Return the previous/next element of a list.\n *\n * @param {array} list The list of elements\n * @param activeElement The active element\n * @param shouldGetNext Choose to get next or previous element\n * @param isCycleAllowed\n * @return {Element|elem} The proper element\n */\nconst getNextActiveElement = (list, activeElement, shouldGetNext, isCycleAllowed) => {\n const listLength = list.length;\n let index = list.indexOf(activeElement);\n\n // if the element does not exist in the list return an element\n // depending on the direction and if cycle is allowed\n if (index === -1) {\n return !shouldGetNext && isCycleAllowed ? list[listLength - 1] : list[0];\n }\n index += shouldGetNext ? 1 : -1;\n if (isCycleAllowed) {\n index = (index + listLength) % listLength;\n }\n return list[Math.max(0, Math.min(index, listLength - 1))];\n};\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap dom/event-handler.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n\n/**\n * Constants\n */\n\nconst namespaceRegex = /[^.]*(?=\\..*)\\.|.*/;\nconst stripNameRegex = /\\..*/;\nconst stripUidRegex = /::\\d+$/;\nconst eventRegistry = {}; // Events storage\nlet uidEvent = 1;\nconst customEvents = {\n mouseenter: 'mouseover',\n mouseleave: 'mouseout'\n};\nconst nativeEvents = new Set(['click', 'dblclick', 'mouseup', 'mousedown', 'contextmenu', 'mousewheel', 'DOMMouseScroll', 'mouseover', 'mouseout', 'mousemove', 'selectstart', 'selectend', 'keydown', 'keypress', 'keyup', 'orientationchange', 'touchstart', 'touchmove', 'touchend', 'touchcancel', 'pointerdown', 'pointermove', 'pointerup', 'pointerleave', 'pointercancel', 'gesturestart', 'gesturechange', 'gestureend', 'focus', 'blur', 'change', 'reset', 'select', 'submit', 'focusin', 'focusout', 'load', 'unload', 'beforeunload', 'resize', 'move', 'DOMContentLoaded', 'readystatechange', 'error', 'abort', 'scroll']);\n\n/**\n * Private methods\n */\n\nfunction makeEventUid(element, uid) {\n return uid && `${uid}::${uidEvent++}` || element.uidEvent || uidEvent++;\n}\nfunction getElementEvents(element) {\n const uid = makeEventUid(element);\n element.uidEvent = uid;\n eventRegistry[uid] = eventRegistry[uid] || {};\n return eventRegistry[uid];\n}\nfunction bootstrapHandler(element, fn) {\n return function handler(event) {\n hydrateObj(event, {\n delegateTarget: element\n });\n if (handler.oneOff) {\n EventHandler.off(element, event.type, fn);\n }\n return fn.apply(element, [event]);\n };\n}\nfunction bootstrapDelegationHandler(element, selector, fn) {\n return function handler(event) {\n const domElements = element.querySelectorAll(selector);\n for (let {\n target\n } = event; target && target !== this; target = target.parentNode) {\n for (const domElement of domElements) {\n if (domElement !== target) {\n continue;\n }\n hydrateObj(event, {\n delegateTarget: target\n });\n if (handler.oneOff) {\n EventHandler.off(element, event.type, selector, fn);\n }\n return fn.apply(target, [event]);\n }\n }\n };\n}\nfunction findHandler(events, callable, delegationSelector = null) {\n return Object.values(events).find(event => event.callable === callable && event.delegationSelector === delegationSelector);\n}\nfunction normalizeParameters(originalTypeEvent, handler, delegationFunction) {\n const isDelegated = typeof handler === 'string';\n // TODO: tooltip passes `false` instead of selector, so we need to check\n const callable = isDelegated ? delegationFunction : handler || delegationFunction;\n let typeEvent = getTypeEvent(originalTypeEvent);\n if (!nativeEvents.has(typeEvent)) {\n typeEvent = originalTypeEvent;\n }\n return [isDelegated, callable, typeEvent];\n}\nfunction addHandler(element, originalTypeEvent, handler, delegationFunction, oneOff) {\n if (typeof originalTypeEvent !== 'string' || !element) {\n return;\n }\n let [isDelegated, callable, typeEvent] = normalizeParameters(originalTypeEvent, handler, delegationFunction);\n\n // in case of mouseenter or mouseleave wrap the handler within a function that checks for its DOM position\n // this prevents the handler from being dispatched the same way as mouseover or mouseout does\n if (originalTypeEvent in customEvents) {\n const wrapFunction = fn => {\n return function (event) {\n if (!event.relatedTarget || event.relatedTarget !== event.delegateTarget && !event.delegateTarget.contains(event.relatedTarget)) {\n return fn.call(this, event);\n }\n };\n };\n callable = wrapFunction(callable);\n }\n const events = getElementEvents(element);\n const handlers = events[typeEvent] || (events[typeEvent] = {});\n const previousFunction = findHandler(handlers, callable, isDelegated ? handler : null);\n if (previousFunction) {\n previousFunction.oneOff = previousFunction.oneOff && oneOff;\n return;\n }\n const uid = makeEventUid(callable, originalTypeEvent.replace(namespaceRegex, ''));\n const fn = isDelegated ? bootstrapDelegationHandler(element, handler, callable) : bootstrapHandler(element, callable);\n fn.delegationSelector = isDelegated ? handler : null;\n fn.callable = callable;\n fn.oneOff = oneOff;\n fn.uidEvent = uid;\n handlers[uid] = fn;\n element.addEventListener(typeEvent, fn, isDelegated);\n}\nfunction removeHandler(element, events, typeEvent, handler, delegationSelector) {\n const fn = findHandler(events[typeEvent], handler, delegationSelector);\n if (!fn) {\n return;\n }\n element.removeEventListener(typeEvent, fn, Boolean(delegationSelector));\n delete events[typeEvent][fn.uidEvent];\n}\nfunction removeNamespacedHandlers(element, events, typeEvent, namespace) {\n const storeElementEvent = events[typeEvent] || {};\n for (const [handlerKey, event] of Object.entries(storeElementEvent)) {\n if (handlerKey.includes(namespace)) {\n removeHandler(element, events, typeEvent, event.callable, event.delegationSelector);\n }\n }\n}\nfunction getTypeEvent(event) {\n // allow to get the native events from namespaced events ('click.bs.button' --> 'click')\n event = event.replace(stripNameRegex, '');\n return customEvents[event] || event;\n}\nconst EventHandler = {\n on(element, event, handler, delegationFunction) {\n addHandler(element, event, handler, delegationFunction, false);\n },\n one(element, event, handler, delegationFunction) {\n addHandler(element, event, handler, delegationFunction, true);\n },\n off(element, originalTypeEvent, handler, delegationFunction) {\n if (typeof originalTypeEvent !== 'string' || !element) {\n return;\n }\n const [isDelegated, callable, typeEvent] = normalizeParameters(originalTypeEvent, handler, delegationFunction);\n const inNamespace = typeEvent !== originalTypeEvent;\n const events = getElementEvents(element);\n const storeElementEvent = events[typeEvent] || {};\n const isNamespace = originalTypeEvent.startsWith('.');\n if (typeof callable !== 'undefined') {\n // Simplest case: handler is passed, remove that listener ONLY.\n if (!Object.keys(storeElementEvent).length) {\n return;\n }\n removeHandler(element, events, typeEvent, callable, isDelegated ? handler : null);\n return;\n }\n if (isNamespace) {\n for (const elementEvent of Object.keys(events)) {\n removeNamespacedHandlers(element, events, elementEvent, originalTypeEvent.slice(1));\n }\n }\n for (const [keyHandlers, event] of Object.entries(storeElementEvent)) {\n const handlerKey = keyHandlers.replace(stripUidRegex, '');\n if (!inNamespace || originalTypeEvent.includes(handlerKey)) {\n removeHandler(element, events, typeEvent, event.callable, event.delegationSelector);\n }\n }\n },\n trigger(element, event, args) {\n if (typeof event !== 'string' || !element) {\n return null;\n }\n const $ = getjQuery();\n const typeEvent = getTypeEvent(event);\n const inNamespace = event !== typeEvent;\n let jQueryEvent = null;\n let bubbles = true;\n let nativeDispatch = true;\n let defaultPrevented = false;\n if (inNamespace && $) {\n jQueryEvent = $.Event(event, args);\n $(element).trigger(jQueryEvent);\n bubbles = !jQueryEvent.isPropagationStopped();\n nativeDispatch = !jQueryEvent.isImmediatePropagationStopped();\n defaultPrevented = jQueryEvent.isDefaultPrevented();\n }\n const evt = hydrateObj(new Event(event, {\n bubbles,\n cancelable: true\n }), args);\n if (defaultPrevented) {\n evt.preventDefault();\n }\n if (nativeDispatch) {\n element.dispatchEvent(evt);\n }\n if (evt.defaultPrevented && jQueryEvent) {\n jQueryEvent.preventDefault();\n }\n return evt;\n }\n};\nfunction hydrateObj(obj, meta = {}) {\n for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(meta)) {\n try {\n obj[key] = value;\n } catch (_unused) {\n Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n configurable: true,\n get() {\n return value;\n }\n });\n }\n }\n return obj;\n}\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap dom/manipulator.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\nfunction normalizeData(value) {\n if (value === 'true') {\n return true;\n }\n if (value === 'false') {\n return false;\n }\n if (value === Number(value).toString()) {\n return Number(value);\n }\n if (value === '' || value === 'null') {\n return null;\n }\n if (typeof value !== 'string') {\n return value;\n }\n try {\n return JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent(value));\n } catch (_unused) {\n return value;\n }\n}\nfunction normalizeDataKey(key) {\n return key.replace(/[A-Z]/g, chr => `-${chr.toLowerCase()}`);\n}\nconst Manipulator = {\n setDataAttribute(element, key, value) {\n element.setAttribute(`data-bs-${normalizeDataKey(key)}`, value);\n },\n removeDataAttribute(element, key) {\n element.removeAttribute(`data-bs-${normalizeDataKey(key)}`);\n },\n getDataAttributes(element) {\n if (!element) {\n return {};\n }\n const attributes = {};\n const bsKeys = Object.keys(element.dataset).filter(key => key.startsWith('bs') && !key.startsWith('bsConfig'));\n for (const key of bsKeys) {\n let pureKey = key.replace(/^bs/, '');\n pureKey = pureKey.charAt(0).toLowerCase() + pureKey.slice(1, pureKey.length);\n attributes[pureKey] = normalizeData(element.dataset[key]);\n }\n return attributes;\n },\n getDataAttribute(element, key) {\n return normalizeData(element.getAttribute(`data-bs-${normalizeDataKey(key)}`));\n }\n};\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap util/config.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n\n/**\n * Class definition\n */\n\nclass Config {\n // Getters\n static get Default() {\n return {};\n }\n static get DefaultType() {\n return {};\n }\n static get NAME() {\n throw new Error('You have to implement the static method \"NAME\", for each component!');\n }\n _getConfig(config) {\n config = this._mergeConfigObj(config);\n config = this._configAfterMerge(config);\n this._typeCheckConfig(config);\n return config;\n }\n _configAfterMerge(config) {\n return config;\n }\n _mergeConfigObj(config, element) {\n const jsonConfig = isElement(element) ? Manipulator.getDataAttribute(element, 'config') : {}; // try to parse\n\n return {\n ...this.constructor.Default,\n ...(typeof jsonConfig === 'object' ? jsonConfig : {}),\n ...(isElement(element) ? Manipulator.getDataAttributes(element) : {}),\n ...(typeof config === 'object' ? config : {})\n };\n }\n _typeCheckConfig(config, configTypes = this.constructor.DefaultType) {\n for (const [property, expectedTypes] of Object.entries(configTypes)) {\n const value = config[property];\n const valueType = isElement(value) ? 'element' : toType(value);\n if (!new RegExp(expectedTypes).test(valueType)) {\n throw new TypeError(`${this.constructor.NAME.toUpperCase()}: Option \"${property}\" provided type \"${valueType}\" but expected type \"${expectedTypes}\".`);\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap base-component.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n\n/**\n * Constants\n */\n\nconst VERSION = '5.3.2';\n\n/**\n * Class definition\n */\n\nclass BaseComponent extends Config {\n constructor(element, config) {\n super();\n element = getElement(element);\n if (!element) {\n return;\n }\n this._element = element;\n this._config = this._getConfig(config);\n Data.set(this._element, this.constructor.DATA_KEY, this);\n }\n\n // Public\n dispose() {\n Data.remove(this._element, this.constructor.DATA_KEY);\n EventHandler.off(this._element, this.constructor.EVENT_KEY);\n for (const propertyName of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this)) {\n this[propertyName] = null;\n }\n }\n _queueCallback(callback, element, isAnimated = true) {\n executeAfterTransition(callback, element, isAnimated);\n }\n _getConfig(config) {\n config = this._mergeConfigObj(config, this._element);\n config = this._configAfterMerge(config);\n this._typeCheckConfig(config);\n return config;\n }\n\n // Static\n static getInstance(element) {\n return Data.get(getElement(element), this.DATA_KEY);\n }\n static getOrCreateInstance(element, config = {}) {\n return this.getInstance(element) || new this(element, typeof config === 'object' ? config : null);\n }\n static get VERSION() {\n return VERSION;\n }\n static get DATA_KEY() {\n return `bs.${this.NAME}`;\n }\n static get EVENT_KEY() {\n return `.${this.DATA_KEY}`;\n }\n static eventName(name) {\n return `${name}${this.EVENT_KEY}`;\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap dom/selector-engine.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\nconst getSelector = element => {\n let selector = element.getAttribute('data-bs-target');\n if (!selector || selector === '#') {\n let hrefAttribute = element.getAttribute('href');\n\n // The only valid content that could double as a selector are IDs or classes,\n // so everything starting with `#` or `.`. If a \"real\" URL is used as the selector,\n // `document.querySelector` will rightfully complain it is invalid.\n // See https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/32273\n if (!hrefAttribute || !hrefAttribute.includes('#') && !hrefAttribute.startsWith('.')) {\n return null;\n }\n\n // Just in case some CMS puts out a full URL with the anchor appended\n if (hrefAttribute.includes('#') && !hrefAttribute.startsWith('#')) {\n hrefAttribute = `#${hrefAttribute.split('#')[1]}`;\n }\n selector = hrefAttribute && hrefAttribute !== '#' ? parseSelector(hrefAttribute.trim()) : null;\n }\n return selector;\n};\nconst SelectorEngine = {\n find(selector, element = document.documentElement) {\n return [].concat(...Element.prototype.querySelectorAll.call(element, selector));\n },\n findOne(selector, element = document.documentElement) {\n return Element.prototype.querySelector.call(element, selector);\n },\n children(element, selector) {\n return [].concat(...element.children).filter(child => child.matches(selector));\n },\n parents(element, selector) {\n const parents = [];\n let ancestor = element.parentNode.closest(selector);\n while (ancestor) {\n parents.push(ancestor);\n ancestor = ancestor.parentNode.closest(selector);\n }\n return parents;\n },\n prev(element, selector) {\n let previous = element.previousElementSibling;\n while (previous) {\n if (previous.matches(selector)) {\n return [previous];\n }\n previous = previous.previousElementSibling;\n }\n return [];\n },\n // TODO: this is now unused; remove later along with prev()\n next(element, selector) {\n let next = element.nextElementSibling;\n while (next) {\n if (next.matches(selector)) {\n return [next];\n }\n next = next.nextElementSibling;\n }\n return [];\n },\n focusableChildren(element) {\n const focusables = ['a', 'button', 'input', 'textarea', 'select', 'details', '[tabindex]', '[contenteditable=\"true\"]'].map(selector => `${selector}:not([tabindex^=\"-\"])`).join(',');\n return this.find(focusables, element).filter(el => !isDisabled(el) && isVisible(el));\n },\n getSelectorFromElement(element) {\n const selector = getSelector(element);\n if (selector) {\n return SelectorEngine.findOne(selector) ? selector : null;\n }\n return null;\n },\n getElementFromSelector(element) {\n const selector = getSelector(element);\n return selector ? SelectorEngine.findOne(selector) : null;\n },\n getMultipleElementsFromSelector(element) {\n const selector = getSelector(element);\n return selector ? SelectorEngine.find(selector) : [];\n }\n};\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap util/component-functions.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\nconst enableDismissTrigger = (component, method = 'hide') => {\n const clickEvent = `click.dismiss${component.EVENT_KEY}`;\n const name = component.NAME;\n EventHandler.on(document, clickEvent, `[data-bs-dismiss=\"${name}\"]`, function (event) {\n if (['A', 'AREA'].includes(this.tagName)) {\n event.preventDefault();\n }\n if (isDisabled(this)) {\n return;\n }\n const target = SelectorEngine.getElementFromSelector(this) || this.closest(`.${name}`);\n const instance = component.getOrCreateInstance(target);\n\n // Method argument is left, for Alert and only, as it doesn't implement the 'hide' method\n instance[method]();\n });\n};\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap alert.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n\n/**\n * Constants\n */\n\nconst NAME$f = 'alert';\nconst DATA_KEY$a = 'bs.alert';\nconst EVENT_KEY$b = `.${DATA_KEY$a}`;\nconst EVENT_CLOSE = `close${EVENT_KEY$b}`;\nconst EVENT_CLOSED = `closed${EVENT_KEY$b}`;\nconst CLASS_NAME_FADE$5 = 'fade';\nconst CLASS_NAME_SHOW$8 = 'show';\n\n/**\n * Class definition\n */\n\nclass Alert extends BaseComponent {\n // Getters\n static get NAME() {\n return NAME$f;\n }\n\n // Public\n close() {\n const closeEvent = EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_CLOSE);\n if (closeEvent.defaultPrevented) {\n return;\n }\n this._element.classList.remove(CLASS_NAME_SHOW$8);\n const isAnimated = this._element.classList.contains(CLASS_NAME_FADE$5);\n this._queueCallback(() => this._destroyElement(), this._element, isAnimated);\n }\n\n // Private\n _destroyElement() {\n this._element.remove();\n EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_CLOSED);\n this.dispose();\n }\n\n // Static\n static jQueryInterface(config) {\n return this.each(function () {\n const data = Alert.getOrCreateInstance(this);\n if (typeof config !== 'string') {\n return;\n }\n if (data[config] === undefined || config.startsWith('_') || config === 'constructor') {\n throw new TypeError(`No method named \"${config}\"`);\n }\n data[config](this);\n });\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Data API implementation\n */\n\nenableDismissTrigger(Alert, 'close');\n\n/**\n * jQuery\n */\n\ndefineJQueryPlugin(Alert);\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap button.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n\n/**\n * Constants\n */\n\nconst NAME$e = 'button';\nconst DATA_KEY$9 = 'bs.button';\nconst EVENT_KEY$a = `.${DATA_KEY$9}`;\nconst DATA_API_KEY$6 = '.data-api';\nconst CLASS_NAME_ACTIVE$3 = 'active';\nconst SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$5 = '[data-bs-toggle=\"button\"]';\nconst EVENT_CLICK_DATA_API$6 = `click${EVENT_KEY$a}${DATA_API_KEY$6}`;\n\n/**\n * Class definition\n */\n\nclass Button extends BaseComponent {\n // Getters\n static get NAME() {\n return NAME$e;\n }\n\n // Public\n toggle() {\n // Toggle class and sync the `aria-pressed` attribute with the return value of the `.toggle()` method\n this._element.setAttribute('aria-pressed', this._element.classList.toggle(CLASS_NAME_ACTIVE$3));\n }\n\n // Static\n static jQueryInterface(config) {\n return this.each(function () {\n const data = Button.getOrCreateInstance(this);\n if (config === 'toggle') {\n data[config]();\n }\n });\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Data API implementation\n */\n\nEventHandler.on(document, EVENT_CLICK_DATA_API$6, SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$5, event => {\n event.preventDefault();\n const button = event.target.closest(SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$5);\n const data = Button.getOrCreateInstance(button);\n data.toggle();\n});\n\n/**\n * jQuery\n */\n\ndefineJQueryPlugin(Button);\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap util/swipe.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n\n/**\n * Constants\n */\n\nconst NAME$d = 'swipe';\nconst EVENT_KEY$9 = '.bs.swipe';\nconst EVENT_TOUCHSTART = `touchstart${EVENT_KEY$9}`;\nconst EVENT_TOUCHMOVE = `touchmove${EVENT_KEY$9}`;\nconst EVENT_TOUCHEND = `touchend${EVENT_KEY$9}`;\nconst EVENT_POINTERDOWN = `pointerdown${EVENT_KEY$9}`;\nconst EVENT_POINTERUP = `pointerup${EVENT_KEY$9}`;\nconst POINTER_TYPE_TOUCH = 'touch';\nconst POINTER_TYPE_PEN = 'pen';\nconst CLASS_NAME_POINTER_EVENT = 'pointer-event';\nconst SWIPE_THRESHOLD = 40;\nconst Default$c = {\n endCallback: null,\n leftCallback: null,\n rightCallback: null\n};\nconst DefaultType$c = {\n endCallback: '(function|null)',\n leftCallback: '(function|null)',\n rightCallback: '(function|null)'\n};\n\n/**\n * Class definition\n */\n\nclass Swipe extends Config {\n constructor(element, config) {\n super();\n this._element = element;\n if (!element || !Swipe.isSupported()) {\n return;\n }\n this._config = this._getConfig(config);\n this._deltaX = 0;\n this._supportPointerEvents = Boolean(window.PointerEvent);\n this._initEvents();\n }\n\n // Getters\n static get Default() {\n return Default$c;\n }\n static get DefaultType() {\n return DefaultType$c;\n }\n static get NAME() {\n return NAME$d;\n }\n\n // Public\n dispose() {\n EventHandler.off(this._element, EVENT_KEY$9);\n }\n\n // Private\n _start(event) {\n if (!this._supportPointerEvents) {\n this._deltaX = event.touches[0].clientX;\n return;\n }\n if (this._eventIsPointerPenTouch(event)) {\n this._deltaX = event.clientX;\n }\n }\n _end(event) {\n if (this._eventIsPointerPenTouch(event)) {\n this._deltaX = event.clientX - this._deltaX;\n }\n this._handleSwipe();\n execute(this._config.endCallback);\n }\n _move(event) {\n this._deltaX = event.touches && event.touches.length > 1 ? 0 : event.touches[0].clientX - this._deltaX;\n }\n _handleSwipe() {\n const absDeltaX = Math.abs(this._deltaX);\n if (absDeltaX <= SWIPE_THRESHOLD) {\n return;\n }\n const direction = absDeltaX / this._deltaX;\n this._deltaX = 0;\n if (!direction) {\n return;\n }\n execute(direction > 0 ? this._config.rightCallback : this._config.leftCallback);\n }\n _initEvents() {\n if (this._supportPointerEvents) {\n EventHandler.on(this._element, EVENT_POINTERDOWN, event => this._start(event));\n EventHandler.on(this._element, EVENT_POINTERUP, event => this._end(event));\n this._element.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_POINTER_EVENT);\n } else {\n EventHandler.on(this._element, EVENT_TOUCHSTART, event => this._start(event));\n EventHandler.on(this._element, EVENT_TOUCHMOVE, event => this._move(event));\n EventHandler.on(this._element, EVENT_TOUCHEND, event => this._end(event));\n }\n }\n _eventIsPointerPenTouch(event) {\n return this._supportPointerEvents && (event.pointerType === POINTER_TYPE_PEN || event.pointerType === POINTER_TYPE_TOUCH);\n }\n\n // Static\n static isSupported() {\n return 'ontouchstart' in document.documentElement || navigator.maxTouchPoints > 0;\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap carousel.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n\n/**\n * Constants\n */\n\nconst NAME$c = 'carousel';\nconst DATA_KEY$8 = 'bs.carousel';\nconst EVENT_KEY$8 = `.${DATA_KEY$8}`;\nconst DATA_API_KEY$5 = '.data-api';\nconst ARROW_LEFT_KEY$1 = 'ArrowLeft';\nconst ARROW_RIGHT_KEY$1 = 'ArrowRight';\nconst TOUCHEVENT_COMPAT_WAIT = 500; // Time for mouse compat events to fire after touch\n\nconst ORDER_NEXT = 'next';\nconst ORDER_PREV = 'prev';\nconst DIRECTION_LEFT = 'left';\nconst DIRECTION_RIGHT = 'right';\nconst EVENT_SLIDE = `slide${EVENT_KEY$8}`;\nconst EVENT_SLID = `slid${EVENT_KEY$8}`;\nconst EVENT_KEYDOWN$1 = `keydown${EVENT_KEY$8}`;\nconst EVENT_MOUSEENTER$1 = `mouseenter${EVENT_KEY$8}`;\nconst EVENT_MOUSELEAVE$1 = `mouseleave${EVENT_KEY$8}`;\nconst EVENT_DRAG_START = `dragstart${EVENT_KEY$8}`;\nconst EVENT_LOAD_DATA_API$3 = `load${EVENT_KEY$8}${DATA_API_KEY$5}`;\nconst EVENT_CLICK_DATA_API$5 = `click${EVENT_KEY$8}${DATA_API_KEY$5}`;\nconst CLASS_NAME_CAROUSEL = 'carousel';\nconst CLASS_NAME_ACTIVE$2 = 'active';\nconst CLASS_NAME_SLIDE = 'slide';\nconst CLASS_NAME_END = 'carousel-item-end';\nconst CLASS_NAME_START = 'carousel-item-start';\nconst CLASS_NAME_NEXT = 'carousel-item-next';\nconst CLASS_NAME_PREV = 'carousel-item-prev';\nconst SELECTOR_ACTIVE = '.active';\nconst SELECTOR_ITEM = '.carousel-item';\nconst SELECTOR_ACTIVE_ITEM = SELECTOR_ACTIVE + SELECTOR_ITEM;\nconst SELECTOR_ITEM_IMG = '.carousel-item img';\nconst SELECTOR_INDICATORS = '.carousel-indicators';\nconst SELECTOR_DATA_SLIDE = '[data-bs-slide], [data-bs-slide-to]';\nconst SELECTOR_DATA_RIDE = '[data-bs-ride=\"carousel\"]';\nconst KEY_TO_DIRECTION = {\n [ARROW_LEFT_KEY$1]: DIRECTION_RIGHT,\n [ARROW_RIGHT_KEY$1]: DIRECTION_LEFT\n};\nconst Default$b = {\n interval: 5000,\n keyboard: true,\n pause: 'hover',\n ride: false,\n touch: true,\n wrap: true\n};\nconst DefaultType$b = {\n interval: '(number|boolean)',\n // TODO:v6 remove boolean support\n keyboard: 'boolean',\n pause: '(string|boolean)',\n ride: '(boolean|string)',\n touch: 'boolean',\n wrap: 'boolean'\n};\n\n/**\n * Class definition\n */\n\nclass Carousel extends BaseComponent {\n constructor(element, config) {\n super(element, config);\n this._interval = null;\n this._activeElement = null;\n this._isSliding = false;\n this.touchTimeout = null;\n this._swipeHelper = null;\n this._indicatorsElement = SelectorEngine.findOne(SELECTOR_INDICATORS, this._element);\n this._addEventListeners();\n if (this._config.ride === CLASS_NAME_CAROUSEL) {\n this.cycle();\n }\n }\n\n // Getters\n static get Default() {\n return Default$b;\n }\n static get DefaultType() {\n return DefaultType$b;\n }\n static get NAME() {\n return NAME$c;\n }\n\n // Public\n next() {\n this._slide(ORDER_NEXT);\n }\n nextWhenVisible() {\n // FIXME TODO use `document.visibilityState`\n // Don't call next when the page isn't visible\n // or the carousel or its parent isn't visible\n if (!document.hidden && isVisible(this._element)) {\n this.next();\n }\n }\n prev() {\n this._slide(ORDER_PREV);\n }\n pause() {\n if (this._isSliding) {\n triggerTransitionEnd(this._element);\n }\n this._clearInterval();\n }\n cycle() {\n this._clearInterval();\n this._updateInterval();\n this._interval = setInterval(() => this.nextWhenVisible(), this._config.interval);\n }\n _maybeEnableCycle() {\n if (!this._config.ride) {\n return;\n }\n if (this._isSliding) {\n EventHandler.one(this._element, EVENT_SLID, () => this.cycle());\n return;\n }\n this.cycle();\n }\n to(index) {\n const items = this._getItems();\n if (index > items.length - 1 || index < 0) {\n return;\n }\n if (this._isSliding) {\n EventHandler.one(this._element, EVENT_SLID, () => this.to(index));\n return;\n }\n const activeIndex = this._getItemIndex(this._getActive());\n if (activeIndex === index) {\n return;\n }\n const order = index > activeIndex ? ORDER_NEXT : ORDER_PREV;\n this._slide(order, items[index]);\n }\n dispose() {\n if (this._swipeHelper) {\n this._swipeHelper.dispose();\n }\n super.dispose();\n }\n\n // Private\n _configAfterMerge(config) {\n config.defaultInterval = config.interval;\n return config;\n }\n _addEventListeners() {\n if (this._config.keyboard) {\n EventHandler.on(this._element, EVENT_KEYDOWN$1, event => this._keydown(event));\n }\n if (this._config.pause === 'hover') {\n EventHandler.on(this._element, EVENT_MOUSEENTER$1, () => this.pause());\n EventHandler.on(this._element, EVENT_MOUSELEAVE$1, () => this._maybeEnableCycle());\n }\n if (this._config.touch && Swipe.isSupported()) {\n this._addTouchEventListeners();\n }\n }\n _addTouchEventListeners() {\n for (const img of SelectorEngine.find(SELECTOR_ITEM_IMG, this._element)) {\n EventHandler.on(img, EVENT_DRAG_START, event => event.preventDefault());\n }\n const endCallBack = () => {\n if (this._config.pause !== 'hover') {\n return;\n }\n\n // If it's a touch-enabled device, mouseenter/leave are fired as\n // part of the mouse compatibility events on first tap - the carousel\n // would stop cycling until user tapped out of it;\n // here, we listen for touchend, explicitly pause the carousel\n // (as if it's the second time we tap on it, mouseenter compat event\n // is NOT fired) and after a timeout (to allow for mouse compatibility\n // events to fire) we explicitly restart cycling\n\n this.pause();\n if (this.touchTimeout) {\n clearTimeout(this.touchTimeout);\n }\n this.touchTimeout = setTimeout(() => this._maybeEnableCycle(), TOUCHEVENT_COMPAT_WAIT + this._config.interval);\n };\n const swipeConfig = {\n leftCallback: () => this._slide(this._directionToOrder(DIRECTION_LEFT)),\n rightCallback: () => this._slide(this._directionToOrder(DIRECTION_RIGHT)),\n endCallback: endCallBack\n };\n this._swipeHelper = new Swipe(this._element, swipeConfig);\n }\n _keydown(event) {\n if (/input|textarea/i.test(event.target.tagName)) {\n return;\n }\n const direction = KEY_TO_DIRECTION[event.key];\n if (direction) {\n event.preventDefault();\n this._slide(this._directionToOrder(direction));\n }\n }\n _getItemIndex(element) {\n return this._getItems().indexOf(element);\n }\n _setActiveIndicatorElement(index) {\n if (!this._indicatorsElement) {\n return;\n }\n const activeIndicator = SelectorEngine.findOne(SELECTOR_ACTIVE, this._indicatorsElement);\n activeIndicator.classList.remove(CLASS_NAME_ACTIVE$2);\n activeIndicator.removeAttribute('aria-current');\n const newActiveIndicator = SelectorEngine.findOne(`[data-bs-slide-to=\"${index}\"]`, this._indicatorsElement);\n if (newActiveIndicator) {\n newActiveIndicator.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_ACTIVE$2);\n newActiveIndicator.setAttribute('aria-current', 'true');\n }\n }\n _updateInterval() {\n const element = this._activeElement || this._getActive();\n if (!element) {\n return;\n }\n const elementInterval = Number.parseInt(element.getAttribute('data-bs-interval'), 10);\n this._config.interval = elementInterval || this._config.defaultInterval;\n }\n _slide(order, element = null) {\n if (this._isSliding) {\n return;\n }\n const activeElement = this._getActive();\n const isNext = order === ORDER_NEXT;\n const nextElement = element || getNextActiveElement(this._getItems(), activeElement, isNext, this._config.wrap);\n if (nextElement === activeElement) {\n return;\n }\n const nextElementIndex = this._getItemIndex(nextElement);\n const triggerEvent = eventName => {\n return EventHandler.trigger(this._element, eventName, {\n relatedTarget: nextElement,\n direction: this._orderToDirection(order),\n from: this._getItemIndex(activeElement),\n to: nextElementIndex\n });\n };\n const slideEvent = triggerEvent(EVENT_SLIDE);\n if (slideEvent.defaultPrevented) {\n return;\n }\n if (!activeElement || !nextElement) {\n // Some weirdness is happening, so we bail\n // TODO: change tests that use empty divs to avoid this check\n return;\n }\n const isCycling = Boolean(this._interval);\n this.pause();\n this._isSliding = true;\n this._setActiveIndicatorElement(nextElementIndex);\n this._activeElement = nextElement;\n const directionalClassName = isNext ? CLASS_NAME_START : CLASS_NAME_END;\n const orderClassName = isNext ? CLASS_NAME_NEXT : CLASS_NAME_PREV;\n nextElement.classList.add(orderClassName);\n reflow(nextElement);\n activeElement.classList.add(directionalClassName);\n nextElement.classList.add(directionalClassName);\n const completeCallBack = () => {\n nextElement.classList.remove(directionalClassName, orderClassName);\n nextElement.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_ACTIVE$2);\n activeElement.classList.remove(CLASS_NAME_ACTIVE$2, orderClassName, directionalClassName);\n this._isSliding = false;\n triggerEvent(EVENT_SLID);\n };\n this._queueCallback(completeCallBack, activeElement, this._isAnimated());\n if (isCycling) {\n this.cycle();\n }\n }\n _isAnimated() {\n return this._element.classList.contains(CLASS_NAME_SLIDE);\n }\n _getActive() {\n return SelectorEngine.findOne(SELECTOR_ACTIVE_ITEM, this._element);\n }\n _getItems() {\n return SelectorEngine.find(SELECTOR_ITEM, this._element);\n }\n _clearInterval() {\n if (this._interval) {\n clearInterval(this._interval);\n this._interval = null;\n }\n }\n _directionToOrder(direction) {\n if (isRTL()) {\n return direction === DIRECTION_LEFT ? ORDER_PREV : ORDER_NEXT;\n }\n return direction === DIRECTION_LEFT ? ORDER_NEXT : ORDER_PREV;\n }\n _orderToDirection(order) {\n if (isRTL()) {\n return order === ORDER_PREV ? DIRECTION_LEFT : DIRECTION_RIGHT;\n }\n return order === ORDER_PREV ? DIRECTION_RIGHT : DIRECTION_LEFT;\n }\n\n // Static\n static jQueryInterface(config) {\n return this.each(function () {\n const data = Carousel.getOrCreateInstance(this, config);\n if (typeof config === 'number') {\n data.to(config);\n return;\n }\n if (typeof config === 'string') {\n if (data[config] === undefined || config.startsWith('_') || config === 'constructor') {\n throw new TypeError(`No method named \"${config}\"`);\n }\n data[config]();\n }\n });\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Data API implementation\n */\n\nEventHandler.on(document, EVENT_CLICK_DATA_API$5, SELECTOR_DATA_SLIDE, function (event) {\n const target = SelectorEngine.getElementFromSelector(this);\n if (!target || !target.classList.contains(CLASS_NAME_CAROUSEL)) {\n return;\n }\n event.preventDefault();\n const carousel = Carousel.getOrCreateInstance(target);\n const slideIndex = this.getAttribute('data-bs-slide-to');\n if (slideIndex) {\n carousel.to(slideIndex);\n carousel._maybeEnableCycle();\n return;\n }\n if (Manipulator.getDataAttribute(this, 'slide') === 'next') {\n carousel.next();\n carousel._maybeEnableCycle();\n return;\n }\n carousel.prev();\n carousel._maybeEnableCycle();\n});\nEventHandler.on(window, EVENT_LOAD_DATA_API$3, () => {\n const carousels = SelectorEngine.find(SELECTOR_DATA_RIDE);\n for (const carousel of carousels) {\n Carousel.getOrCreateInstance(carousel);\n }\n});\n\n/**\n * jQuery\n */\n\ndefineJQueryPlugin(Carousel);\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap collapse.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n\n/**\n * Constants\n */\n\nconst NAME$b = 'collapse';\nconst DATA_KEY$7 = 'bs.collapse';\nconst EVENT_KEY$7 = `.${DATA_KEY$7}`;\nconst DATA_API_KEY$4 = '.data-api';\nconst EVENT_SHOW$6 = `show${EVENT_KEY$7}`;\nconst EVENT_SHOWN$6 = `shown${EVENT_KEY$7}`;\nconst EVENT_HIDE$6 = `hide${EVENT_KEY$7}`;\nconst EVENT_HIDDEN$6 = `hidden${EVENT_KEY$7}`;\nconst EVENT_CLICK_DATA_API$4 = `click${EVENT_KEY$7}${DATA_API_KEY$4}`;\nconst CLASS_NAME_SHOW$7 = 'show';\nconst CLASS_NAME_COLLAPSE = 'collapse';\nconst CLASS_NAME_COLLAPSING = 'collapsing';\nconst CLASS_NAME_COLLAPSED = 'collapsed';\nconst CLASS_NAME_DEEPER_CHILDREN = `:scope .${CLASS_NAME_COLLAPSE} .${CLASS_NAME_COLLAPSE}`;\nconst CLASS_NAME_HORIZONTAL = 'collapse-horizontal';\nconst WIDTH = 'width';\nconst HEIGHT = 'height';\nconst SELECTOR_ACTIVES = '.collapse.show, .collapse.collapsing';\nconst SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$4 = '[data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"]';\nconst Default$a = {\n parent: null,\n toggle: true\n};\nconst DefaultType$a = {\n parent: '(null|element)',\n toggle: 'boolean'\n};\n\n/**\n * Class definition\n */\n\nclass Collapse extends BaseComponent {\n constructor(element, config) {\n super(element, config);\n this._isTransitioning = false;\n this._triggerArray = [];\n const toggleList = SelectorEngine.find(SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$4);\n for (const elem of toggleList) {\n const selector = SelectorEngine.getSelectorFromElement(elem);\n const filterElement = SelectorEngine.find(selector).filter(foundElement => foundElement === this._element);\n if (selector !== null && filterElement.length) {\n this._triggerArray.push(elem);\n }\n }\n this._initializeChildren();\n if (!this._config.parent) {\n this._addAriaAndCollapsedClass(this._triggerArray, this._isShown());\n }\n if (this._config.toggle) {\n this.toggle();\n }\n }\n\n // Getters\n static get Default() {\n return Default$a;\n }\n static get DefaultType() {\n return DefaultType$a;\n }\n static get NAME() {\n return NAME$b;\n }\n\n // Public\n toggle() {\n if (this._isShown()) {\n this.hide();\n } else {\n this.show();\n }\n }\n show() {\n if (this._isTransitioning || this._isShown()) {\n return;\n }\n let activeChildren = [];\n\n // find active children\n if (this._config.parent) {\n activeChildren = this._getFirstLevelChildren(SELECTOR_ACTIVES).filter(element => element !== this._element).map(element => Collapse.getOrCreateInstance(element, {\n toggle: false\n }));\n }\n if (activeChildren.length && activeChildren[0]._isTransitioning) {\n return;\n }\n const startEvent = EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_SHOW$6);\n if (startEvent.defaultPrevented) {\n return;\n }\n for (const activeInstance of activeChildren) {\n activeInstance.hide();\n }\n const dimension = this._getDimension();\n this._element.classList.remove(CLASS_NAME_COLLAPSE);\n this._element.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_COLLAPSING);\n this._element.style[dimension] = 0;\n this._addAriaAndCollapsedClass(this._triggerArray, true);\n this._isTransitioning = true;\n const complete = () => {\n this._isTransitioning = false;\n this._element.classList.remove(CLASS_NAME_COLLAPSING);\n this._element.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_COLLAPSE, CLASS_NAME_SHOW$7);\n this._element.style[dimension] = '';\n EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_SHOWN$6);\n };\n const capitalizedDimension = dimension[0].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice(1);\n const scrollSize = `scroll${capitalizedDimension}`;\n this._queueCallback(complete, this._element, true);\n this._element.style[dimension] = `${this._element[scrollSize]}px`;\n }\n hide() {\n if (this._isTransitioning || !this._isShown()) {\n return;\n }\n const startEvent = EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_HIDE$6);\n if (startEvent.defaultPrevented) {\n return;\n }\n const dimension = this._getDimension();\n this._element.style[dimension] = `${this._element.getBoundingClientRect()[dimension]}px`;\n reflow(this._element);\n this._element.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_COLLAPSING);\n this._element.classList.remove(CLASS_NAME_COLLAPSE, CLASS_NAME_SHOW$7);\n for (const trigger of this._triggerArray) {\n const element = SelectorEngine.getElementFromSelector(trigger);\n if (element && !this._isShown(element)) {\n this._addAriaAndCollapsedClass([trigger], false);\n }\n }\n this._isTransitioning = true;\n const complete = () => {\n this._isTransitioning = false;\n this._element.classList.remove(CLASS_NAME_COLLAPSING);\n this._element.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_COLLAPSE);\n EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_HIDDEN$6);\n };\n this._element.style[dimension] = '';\n this._queueCallback(complete, this._element, true);\n }\n _isShown(element = this._element) {\n return element.classList.contains(CLASS_NAME_SHOW$7);\n }\n\n // Private\n _configAfterMerge(config) {\n config.toggle = Boolean(config.toggle); // Coerce string values\n config.parent = getElement(config.parent);\n return config;\n }\n _getDimension() {\n return this._element.classList.contains(CLASS_NAME_HORIZONTAL) ? WIDTH : HEIGHT;\n }\n _initializeChildren() {\n if (!this._config.parent) {\n return;\n }\n const children = this._getFirstLevelChildren(SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$4);\n for (const element of children) {\n const selected = SelectorEngine.getElementFromSelector(element);\n if (selected) {\n this._addAriaAndCollapsedClass([element], this._isShown(selected));\n }\n }\n }\n _getFirstLevelChildren(selector) {\n const children = SelectorEngine.find(CLASS_NAME_DEEPER_CHILDREN, this._config.parent);\n // remove children if greater depth\n return SelectorEngine.find(selector, this._config.parent).filter(element => !children.includes(element));\n }\n _addAriaAndCollapsedClass(triggerArray, isOpen) {\n if (!triggerArray.length) {\n return;\n }\n for (const element of triggerArray) {\n element.classList.toggle(CLASS_NAME_COLLAPSED, !isOpen);\n element.setAttribute('aria-expanded', isOpen);\n }\n }\n\n // Static\n static jQueryInterface(config) {\n const _config = {};\n if (typeof config === 'string' && /show|hide/.test(config)) {\n _config.toggle = false;\n }\n return this.each(function () {\n const data = Collapse.getOrCreateInstance(this, _config);\n if (typeof config === 'string') {\n if (typeof data[config] === 'undefined') {\n throw new TypeError(`No method named \"${config}\"`);\n }\n data[config]();\n }\n });\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Data API implementation\n */\n\nEventHandler.on(document, EVENT_CLICK_DATA_API$4, SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$4, function (event) {\n // preventDefault only for elements (which change the URL) not inside the collapsible element\n if (event.target.tagName === 'A' || event.delegateTarget && event.delegateTarget.tagName === 'A') {\n event.preventDefault();\n }\n for (const element of SelectorEngine.getMultipleElementsFromSelector(this)) {\n Collapse.getOrCreateInstance(element, {\n toggle: false\n }).toggle();\n }\n});\n\n/**\n * jQuery\n */\n\ndefineJQueryPlugin(Collapse);\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap dropdown.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n\n/**\n * Constants\n */\n\nconst NAME$a = 'dropdown';\nconst DATA_KEY$6 = 'bs.dropdown';\nconst EVENT_KEY$6 = `.${DATA_KEY$6}`;\nconst DATA_API_KEY$3 = '.data-api';\nconst ESCAPE_KEY$2 = 'Escape';\nconst TAB_KEY$1 = 'Tab';\nconst ARROW_UP_KEY$1 = 'ArrowUp';\nconst ARROW_DOWN_KEY$1 = 'ArrowDown';\nconst RIGHT_MOUSE_BUTTON = 2; // MouseEvent.button value for the secondary button, usually the right button\n\nconst EVENT_HIDE$5 = `hide${EVENT_KEY$6}`;\nconst EVENT_HIDDEN$5 = `hidden${EVENT_KEY$6}`;\nconst EVENT_SHOW$5 = `show${EVENT_KEY$6}`;\nconst EVENT_SHOWN$5 = `shown${EVENT_KEY$6}`;\nconst EVENT_CLICK_DATA_API$3 = `click${EVENT_KEY$6}${DATA_API_KEY$3}`;\nconst EVENT_KEYDOWN_DATA_API = `keydown${EVENT_KEY$6}${DATA_API_KEY$3}`;\nconst EVENT_KEYUP_DATA_API = `keyup${EVENT_KEY$6}${DATA_API_KEY$3}`;\nconst CLASS_NAME_SHOW$6 = 'show';\nconst CLASS_NAME_DROPUP = 'dropup';\nconst CLASS_NAME_DROPEND = 'dropend';\nconst CLASS_NAME_DROPSTART = 'dropstart';\nconst CLASS_NAME_DROPUP_CENTER = 'dropup-center';\nconst CLASS_NAME_DROPDOWN_CENTER = 'dropdown-center';\nconst SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$3 = '[data-bs-toggle=\"dropdown\"]:not(.disabled):not(:disabled)';\nconst SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE_SHOWN = `${SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$3}.${CLASS_NAME_SHOW$6}`;\nconst SELECTOR_MENU = '.dropdown-menu';\nconst SELECTOR_NAVBAR = '.navbar';\nconst SELECTOR_NAVBAR_NAV = '.navbar-nav';\nconst SELECTOR_VISIBLE_ITEMS = '.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:not(.disabled):not(:disabled)';\nconst PLACEMENT_TOP = isRTL() ? 'top-end' : 'top-start';\nconst PLACEMENT_TOPEND = isRTL() ? 'top-start' : 'top-end';\nconst PLACEMENT_BOTTOM = isRTL() ? 'bottom-end' : 'bottom-start';\nconst PLACEMENT_BOTTOMEND = isRTL() ? 'bottom-start' : 'bottom-end';\nconst PLACEMENT_RIGHT = isRTL() ? 'left-start' : 'right-start';\nconst PLACEMENT_LEFT = isRTL() ? 'right-start' : 'left-start';\nconst PLACEMENT_TOPCENTER = 'top';\nconst PLACEMENT_BOTTOMCENTER = 'bottom';\nconst Default$9 = {\n autoClose: true,\n boundary: 'clippingParents',\n display: 'dynamic',\n offset: [0, 2],\n popperConfig: null,\n reference: 'toggle'\n};\nconst DefaultType$9 = {\n autoClose: '(boolean|string)',\n boundary: '(string|element)',\n display: 'string',\n offset: '(array|string|function)',\n popperConfig: '(null|object|function)',\n reference: '(string|element|object)'\n};\n\n/**\n * Class definition\n */\n\nclass Dropdown extends BaseComponent {\n constructor(element, config) {\n super(element, config);\n this._popper = null;\n this._parent = this._element.parentNode; // dropdown wrapper\n // TODO: v6 revert #37011 & change markup https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.3/forms/input-group/\n this._menu = SelectorEngine.next(this._element, SELECTOR_MENU)[0] || SelectorEngine.prev(this._element, SELECTOR_MENU)[0] || SelectorEngine.findOne(SELECTOR_MENU, this._parent);\n this._inNavbar = this._detectNavbar();\n }\n\n // Getters\n static get Default() {\n return Default$9;\n }\n static get DefaultType() {\n return DefaultType$9;\n }\n static get NAME() {\n return NAME$a;\n }\n\n // Public\n toggle() {\n return this._isShown() ? this.hide() : this.show();\n }\n show() {\n if (isDisabled(this._element) || this._isShown()) {\n return;\n }\n const relatedTarget = {\n relatedTarget: this._element\n };\n const showEvent = EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_SHOW$5, relatedTarget);\n if (showEvent.defaultPrevented) {\n return;\n }\n this._createPopper();\n\n // If this is a touch-enabled device we add extra\n // empty mouseover listeners to the body's immediate children;\n // only needed because of broken event delegation on iOS\n // https://www.quirksmode.org/blog/archives/2014/02/mouse_event_bub.html\n if ('ontouchstart' in document.documentElement && !this._parent.closest(SELECTOR_NAVBAR_NAV)) {\n for (const element of [].concat(...document.body.children)) {\n EventHandler.on(element, 'mouseover', noop);\n }\n }\n this._element.focus();\n this._element.setAttribute('aria-expanded', true);\n this._menu.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_SHOW$6);\n this._element.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_SHOW$6);\n EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_SHOWN$5, relatedTarget);\n }\n hide() {\n if (isDisabled(this._element) || !this._isShown()) {\n return;\n }\n const relatedTarget = {\n relatedTarget: this._element\n };\n this._completeHide(relatedTarget);\n }\n dispose() {\n if (this._popper) {\n this._popper.destroy();\n }\n super.dispose();\n }\n update() {\n this._inNavbar = this._detectNavbar();\n if (this._popper) {\n this._popper.update();\n }\n }\n\n // Private\n _completeHide(relatedTarget) {\n const hideEvent = EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_HIDE$5, relatedTarget);\n if (hideEvent.defaultPrevented) {\n return;\n }\n\n // If this is a touch-enabled device we remove the extra\n // empty mouseover listeners we added for iOS support\n if ('ontouchstart' in document.documentElement) {\n for (const element of [].concat(...document.body.children)) {\n EventHandler.off(element, 'mouseover', noop);\n }\n }\n if (this._popper) {\n this._popper.destroy();\n }\n this._menu.classList.remove(CLASS_NAME_SHOW$6);\n this._element.classList.remove(CLASS_NAME_SHOW$6);\n this._element.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');\n Manipulator.removeDataAttribute(this._menu, 'popper');\n EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_HIDDEN$5, relatedTarget);\n }\n _getConfig(config) {\n config = super._getConfig(config);\n if (typeof config.reference === 'object' && !isElement(config.reference) && typeof config.reference.getBoundingClientRect !== 'function') {\n // Popper virtual elements require a getBoundingClientRect method\n throw new TypeError(`${NAME$a.toUpperCase()}: Option \"reference\" provided type \"object\" without a required \"getBoundingClientRect\" method.`);\n }\n return config;\n }\n _createPopper() {\n if (typeof Popper === 'undefined') {\n throw new TypeError('Bootstrap\\'s dropdowns require Popper (https://popper.js.org)');\n }\n let referenceElement = this._element;\n if (this._config.reference === 'parent') {\n referenceElement = this._parent;\n } else if (isElement(this._config.reference)) {\n referenceElement = getElement(this._config.reference);\n } else if (typeof this._config.reference === 'object') {\n referenceElement = this._config.reference;\n }\n const popperConfig = this._getPopperConfig();\n this._popper = Popper.createPopper(referenceElement, this._menu, popperConfig);\n }\n _isShown() {\n return this._menu.classList.contains(CLASS_NAME_SHOW$6);\n }\n _getPlacement() {\n const parentDropdown = this._parent;\n if (parentDropdown.classList.contains(CLASS_NAME_DROPEND)) {\n return PLACEMENT_RIGHT;\n }\n if (parentDropdown.classList.contains(CLASS_NAME_DROPSTART)) {\n return PLACEMENT_LEFT;\n }\n if (parentDropdown.classList.contains(CLASS_NAME_DROPUP_CENTER)) {\n return PLACEMENT_TOPCENTER;\n }\n if (parentDropdown.classList.contains(CLASS_NAME_DROPDOWN_CENTER)) {\n return PLACEMENT_BOTTOMCENTER;\n }\n\n // We need to trim the value because custom properties can also include spaces\n const isEnd = getComputedStyle(this._menu).getPropertyValue('--bs-position').trim() === 'end';\n if (parentDropdown.classList.contains(CLASS_NAME_DROPUP)) {\n return isEnd ? PLACEMENT_TOPEND : PLACEMENT_TOP;\n }\n return isEnd ? PLACEMENT_BOTTOMEND : PLACEMENT_BOTTOM;\n }\n _detectNavbar() {\n return this._element.closest(SELECTOR_NAVBAR) !== null;\n }\n _getOffset() {\n const {\n offset\n } = this._config;\n if (typeof offset === 'string') {\n return offset.split(',').map(value => Number.parseInt(value, 10));\n }\n if (typeof offset === 'function') {\n return popperData => offset(popperData, this._element);\n }\n return offset;\n }\n _getPopperConfig() {\n const defaultBsPopperConfig = {\n placement: this._getPlacement(),\n modifiers: [{\n name: 'preventOverflow',\n options: {\n boundary: this._config.boundary\n }\n }, {\n name: 'offset',\n options: {\n offset: this._getOffset()\n }\n }]\n };\n\n // Disable Popper if we have a static display or Dropdown is in Navbar\n if (this._inNavbar || this._config.display === 'static') {\n Manipulator.setDataAttribute(this._menu, 'popper', 'static'); // TODO: v6 remove\n defaultBsPopperConfig.modifiers = [{\n name: 'applyStyles',\n enabled: false\n }];\n }\n return {\n ...defaultBsPopperConfig,\n ...execute(this._config.popperConfig, [defaultBsPopperConfig])\n };\n }\n _selectMenuItem({\n key,\n target\n }) {\n const items = SelectorEngine.find(SELECTOR_VISIBLE_ITEMS, this._menu).filter(element => isVisible(element));\n if (!items.length) {\n return;\n }\n\n // if target isn't included in items (e.g. when expanding the dropdown)\n // allow cycling to get the last item in case key equals ARROW_UP_KEY\n getNextActiveElement(items, target, key === ARROW_DOWN_KEY$1, !items.includes(target)).focus();\n }\n\n // Static\n static jQueryInterface(config) {\n return this.each(function () {\n const data = Dropdown.getOrCreateInstance(this, config);\n if (typeof config !== 'string') {\n return;\n }\n if (typeof data[config] === 'undefined') {\n throw new TypeError(`No method named \"${config}\"`);\n }\n data[config]();\n });\n }\n static clearMenus(event) {\n if (event.button === RIGHT_MOUSE_BUTTON || event.type === 'keyup' && event.key !== TAB_KEY$1) {\n return;\n }\n const openToggles = SelectorEngine.find(SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE_SHOWN);\n for (const toggle of openToggles) {\n const context = Dropdown.getInstance(toggle);\n if (!context || context._config.autoClose === false) {\n continue;\n }\n const composedPath = event.composedPath();\n const isMenuTarget = composedPath.includes(context._menu);\n if (composedPath.includes(context._element) || context._config.autoClose === 'inside' && !isMenuTarget || context._config.autoClose === 'outside' && isMenuTarget) {\n continue;\n }\n\n // Tab navigation through the dropdown menu or events from contained inputs shouldn't close the menu\n if (context._menu.contains(event.target) && (event.type === 'keyup' && event.key === TAB_KEY$1 || /input|select|option|textarea|form/i.test(event.target.tagName))) {\n continue;\n }\n const relatedTarget = {\n relatedTarget: context._element\n };\n if (event.type === 'click') {\n relatedTarget.clickEvent = event;\n }\n context._completeHide(relatedTarget);\n }\n }\n static dataApiKeydownHandler(event) {\n // If not an UP | DOWN | ESCAPE key => not a dropdown command\n // If input/textarea && if key is other than ESCAPE => not a dropdown command\n\n const isInput = /input|textarea/i.test(event.target.tagName);\n const isEscapeEvent = event.key === ESCAPE_KEY$2;\n const isUpOrDownEvent = [ARROW_UP_KEY$1, ARROW_DOWN_KEY$1].includes(event.key);\n if (!isUpOrDownEvent && !isEscapeEvent) {\n return;\n }\n if (isInput && !isEscapeEvent) {\n return;\n }\n event.preventDefault();\n\n // TODO: v6 revert #37011 & change markup https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.3/forms/input-group/\n const getToggleButton = this.matches(SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$3) ? this : SelectorEngine.prev(this, SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$3)[0] || SelectorEngine.next(this, SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$3)[0] || SelectorEngine.findOne(SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$3, event.delegateTarget.parentNode);\n const instance = Dropdown.getOrCreateInstance(getToggleButton);\n if (isUpOrDownEvent) {\n event.stopPropagation();\n instance.show();\n instance._selectMenuItem(event);\n return;\n }\n if (instance._isShown()) {\n // else is escape and we check if it is shown\n event.stopPropagation();\n instance.hide();\n getToggleButton.focus();\n }\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Data API implementation\n */\n\nEventHandler.on(document, EVENT_KEYDOWN_DATA_API, SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$3, Dropdown.dataApiKeydownHandler);\nEventHandler.on(document, EVENT_KEYDOWN_DATA_API, SELECTOR_MENU, Dropdown.dataApiKeydownHandler);\nEventHandler.on(document, EVENT_CLICK_DATA_API$3, Dropdown.clearMenus);\nEventHandler.on(document, EVENT_KEYUP_DATA_API, Dropdown.clearMenus);\nEventHandler.on(document, EVENT_CLICK_DATA_API$3, SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$3, function (event) {\n event.preventDefault();\n Dropdown.getOrCreateInstance(this).toggle();\n});\n\n/**\n * jQuery\n */\n\ndefineJQueryPlugin(Dropdown);\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap util/backdrop.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n\n/**\n * Constants\n */\n\nconst NAME$9 = 'backdrop';\nconst CLASS_NAME_FADE$4 = 'fade';\nconst CLASS_NAME_SHOW$5 = 'show';\nconst EVENT_MOUSEDOWN = `mousedown.bs.${NAME$9}`;\nconst Default$8 = {\n className: 'modal-backdrop',\n clickCallback: null,\n isAnimated: false,\n isVisible: true,\n // if false, we use the backdrop helper without adding any element to the dom\n rootElement: 'body' // give the choice to place backdrop under different elements\n};\n\nconst DefaultType$8 = {\n className: 'string',\n clickCallback: '(function|null)',\n isAnimated: 'boolean',\n isVisible: 'boolean',\n rootElement: '(element|string)'\n};\n\n/**\n * Class definition\n */\n\nclass Backdrop extends Config {\n constructor(config) {\n super();\n this._config = this._getConfig(config);\n this._isAppended = false;\n this._element = null;\n }\n\n // Getters\n static get Default() {\n return Default$8;\n }\n static get DefaultType() {\n return DefaultType$8;\n }\n static get NAME() {\n return NAME$9;\n }\n\n // Public\n show(callback) {\n if (!this._config.isVisible) {\n execute(callback);\n return;\n }\n this._append();\n const element = this._getElement();\n if (this._config.isAnimated) {\n reflow(element);\n }\n element.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_SHOW$5);\n this._emulateAnimation(() => {\n execute(callback);\n });\n }\n hide(callback) {\n if (!this._config.isVisible) {\n execute(callback);\n return;\n }\n this._getElement().classList.remove(CLASS_NAME_SHOW$5);\n this._emulateAnimation(() => {\n this.dispose();\n execute(callback);\n });\n }\n dispose() {\n if (!this._isAppended) {\n return;\n }\n EventHandler.off(this._element, EVENT_MOUSEDOWN);\n this._element.remove();\n this._isAppended = false;\n }\n\n // Private\n _getElement() {\n if (!this._element) {\n const backdrop = document.createElement('div');\n backdrop.className = this._config.className;\n if (this._config.isAnimated) {\n backdrop.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_FADE$4);\n }\n this._element = backdrop;\n }\n return this._element;\n }\n _configAfterMerge(config) {\n // use getElement() with the default \"body\" to get a fresh Element on each instantiation\n config.rootElement = getElement(config.rootElement);\n return config;\n }\n _append() {\n if (this._isAppended) {\n return;\n }\n const element = this._getElement();\n this._config.rootElement.append(element);\n EventHandler.on(element, EVENT_MOUSEDOWN, () => {\n execute(this._config.clickCallback);\n });\n this._isAppended = true;\n }\n _emulateAnimation(callback) {\n executeAfterTransition(callback, this._getElement(), this._config.isAnimated);\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap util/focustrap.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n\n/**\n * Constants\n */\n\nconst NAME$8 = 'focustrap';\nconst DATA_KEY$5 = 'bs.focustrap';\nconst EVENT_KEY$5 = `.${DATA_KEY$5}`;\nconst EVENT_FOCUSIN$2 = `focusin${EVENT_KEY$5}`;\nconst EVENT_KEYDOWN_TAB = `keydown.tab${EVENT_KEY$5}`;\nconst TAB_KEY = 'Tab';\nconst TAB_NAV_FORWARD = 'forward';\nconst TAB_NAV_BACKWARD = 'backward';\nconst Default$7 = {\n autofocus: true,\n trapElement: null // The element to trap focus inside of\n};\n\nconst DefaultType$7 = {\n autofocus: 'boolean',\n trapElement: 'element'\n};\n\n/**\n * Class definition\n */\n\nclass FocusTrap extends Config {\n constructor(config) {\n super();\n this._config = this._getConfig(config);\n this._isActive = false;\n this._lastTabNavDirection = null;\n }\n\n // Getters\n static get Default() {\n return Default$7;\n }\n static get DefaultType() {\n return DefaultType$7;\n }\n static get NAME() {\n return NAME$8;\n }\n\n // Public\n activate() {\n if (this._isActive) {\n return;\n }\n if (this._config.autofocus) {\n this._config.trapElement.focus();\n }\n EventHandler.off(document, EVENT_KEY$5); // guard against infinite focus loop\n EventHandler.on(document, EVENT_FOCUSIN$2, event => this._handleFocusin(event));\n EventHandler.on(document, EVENT_KEYDOWN_TAB, event => this._handleKeydown(event));\n this._isActive = true;\n }\n deactivate() {\n if (!this._isActive) {\n return;\n }\n this._isActive = false;\n EventHandler.off(document, EVENT_KEY$5);\n }\n\n // Private\n _handleFocusin(event) {\n const {\n trapElement\n } = this._config;\n if (event.target === document || event.target === trapElement || trapElement.contains(event.target)) {\n return;\n }\n const elements = SelectorEngine.focusableChildren(trapElement);\n if (elements.length === 0) {\n trapElement.focus();\n } else if (this._lastTabNavDirection === TAB_NAV_BACKWARD) {\n elements[elements.length - 1].focus();\n } else {\n elements[0].focus();\n }\n }\n _handleKeydown(event) {\n if (event.key !== TAB_KEY) {\n return;\n }\n this._lastTabNavDirection = event.shiftKey ? TAB_NAV_BACKWARD : TAB_NAV_FORWARD;\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap util/scrollBar.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n\n/**\n * Constants\n */\n\nconst SELECTOR_FIXED_CONTENT = '.fixed-top, .fixed-bottom, .is-fixed, .sticky-top';\nconst SELECTOR_STICKY_CONTENT = '.sticky-top';\nconst PROPERTY_PADDING = 'padding-right';\nconst PROPERTY_MARGIN = 'margin-right';\n\n/**\n * Class definition\n */\n\nclass ScrollBarHelper {\n constructor() {\n this._element = document.body;\n }\n\n // Public\n getWidth() {\n // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/innerWidth#usage_notes\n const documentWidth = document.documentElement.clientWidth;\n return Math.abs(window.innerWidth - documentWidth);\n }\n hide() {\n const width = this.getWidth();\n this._disableOverFlow();\n // give padding to element to balance the hidden scrollbar width\n this._setElementAttributes(this._element, PROPERTY_PADDING, calculatedValue => calculatedValue + width);\n // trick: We adjust positive paddingRight and negative marginRight to sticky-top elements to keep showing fullwidth\n this._setElementAttributes(SELECTOR_FIXED_CONTENT, PROPERTY_PADDING, calculatedValue => calculatedValue + width);\n this._setElementAttributes(SELECTOR_STICKY_CONTENT, PROPERTY_MARGIN, calculatedValue => calculatedValue - width);\n }\n reset() {\n this._resetElementAttributes(this._element, 'overflow');\n this._resetElementAttributes(this._element, PROPERTY_PADDING);\n this._resetElementAttributes(SELECTOR_FIXED_CONTENT, PROPERTY_PADDING);\n this._resetElementAttributes(SELECTOR_STICKY_CONTENT, PROPERTY_MARGIN);\n }\n isOverflowing() {\n return this.getWidth() > 0;\n }\n\n // Private\n _disableOverFlow() {\n this._saveInitialAttribute(this._element, 'overflow');\n this._element.style.overflow = 'hidden';\n }\n _setElementAttributes(selector, styleProperty, callback) {\n const scrollbarWidth = this.getWidth();\n const manipulationCallBack = element => {\n if (element !== this._element && window.innerWidth > element.clientWidth + scrollbarWidth) {\n return;\n }\n this._saveInitialAttribute(element, styleProperty);\n const calculatedValue = window.getComputedStyle(element).getPropertyValue(styleProperty);\n element.style.setProperty(styleProperty, `${callback(Number.parseFloat(calculatedValue))}px`);\n };\n this._applyManipulationCallback(selector, manipulationCallBack);\n }\n _saveInitialAttribute(element, styleProperty) {\n const actualValue = element.style.getPropertyValue(styleProperty);\n if (actualValue) {\n Manipulator.setDataAttribute(element, styleProperty, actualValue);\n }\n }\n _resetElementAttributes(selector, styleProperty) {\n const manipulationCallBack = element => {\n const value = Manipulator.getDataAttribute(element, styleProperty);\n // We only want to remove the property if the value is `null`; the value can also be zero\n if (value === null) {\n element.style.removeProperty(styleProperty);\n return;\n }\n Manipulator.removeDataAttribute(element, styleProperty);\n element.style.setProperty(styleProperty, value);\n };\n this._applyManipulationCallback(selector, manipulationCallBack);\n }\n _applyManipulationCallback(selector, callBack) {\n if (isElement(selector)) {\n callBack(selector);\n return;\n }\n for (const sel of SelectorEngine.find(selector, this._element)) {\n callBack(sel);\n }\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap modal.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n\n/**\n * Constants\n */\n\nconst NAME$7 = 'modal';\nconst DATA_KEY$4 = 'bs.modal';\nconst EVENT_KEY$4 = `.${DATA_KEY$4}`;\nconst DATA_API_KEY$2 = '.data-api';\nconst ESCAPE_KEY$1 = 'Escape';\nconst EVENT_HIDE$4 = `hide${EVENT_KEY$4}`;\nconst EVENT_HIDE_PREVENTED$1 = `hidePrevented${EVENT_KEY$4}`;\nconst EVENT_HIDDEN$4 = `hidden${EVENT_KEY$4}`;\nconst EVENT_SHOW$4 = `show${EVENT_KEY$4}`;\nconst EVENT_SHOWN$4 = `shown${EVENT_KEY$4}`;\nconst EVENT_RESIZE$1 = `resize${EVENT_KEY$4}`;\nconst EVENT_CLICK_DISMISS = `click.dismiss${EVENT_KEY$4}`;\nconst EVENT_MOUSEDOWN_DISMISS = `mousedown.dismiss${EVENT_KEY$4}`;\nconst EVENT_KEYDOWN_DISMISS$1 = `keydown.dismiss${EVENT_KEY$4}`;\nconst EVENT_CLICK_DATA_API$2 = `click${EVENT_KEY$4}${DATA_API_KEY$2}`;\nconst CLASS_NAME_OPEN = 'modal-open';\nconst CLASS_NAME_FADE$3 = 'fade';\nconst CLASS_NAME_SHOW$4 = 'show';\nconst CLASS_NAME_STATIC = 'modal-static';\nconst OPEN_SELECTOR$1 = '.modal.show';\nconst SELECTOR_DIALOG = '.modal-dialog';\nconst SELECTOR_MODAL_BODY = '.modal-body';\nconst SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$2 = '[data-bs-toggle=\"modal\"]';\nconst Default$6 = {\n backdrop: true,\n focus: true,\n keyboard: true\n};\nconst DefaultType$6 = {\n backdrop: '(boolean|string)',\n focus: 'boolean',\n keyboard: 'boolean'\n};\n\n/**\n * Class definition\n */\n\nclass Modal extends BaseComponent {\n constructor(element, config) {\n super(element, config);\n this._dialog = SelectorEngine.findOne(SELECTOR_DIALOG, this._element);\n this._backdrop = this._initializeBackDrop();\n this._focustrap = this._initializeFocusTrap();\n this._isShown = false;\n this._isTransitioning = false;\n this._scrollBar = new ScrollBarHelper();\n this._addEventListeners();\n }\n\n // Getters\n static get Default() {\n return Default$6;\n }\n static get DefaultType() {\n return DefaultType$6;\n }\n static get NAME() {\n return NAME$7;\n }\n\n // Public\n toggle(relatedTarget) {\n return this._isShown ? this.hide() : this.show(relatedTarget);\n }\n show(relatedTarget) {\n if (this._isShown || this._isTransitioning) {\n return;\n }\n const showEvent = EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_SHOW$4, {\n relatedTarget\n });\n if (showEvent.defaultPrevented) {\n return;\n }\n this._isShown = true;\n this._isTransitioning = true;\n this._scrollBar.hide();\n document.body.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_OPEN);\n this._adjustDialog();\n this._backdrop.show(() => this._showElement(relatedTarget));\n }\n hide() {\n if (!this._isShown || this._isTransitioning) {\n return;\n }\n const hideEvent = EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_HIDE$4);\n if (hideEvent.defaultPrevented) {\n return;\n }\n this._isShown = false;\n this._isTransitioning = true;\n this._focustrap.deactivate();\n this._element.classList.remove(CLASS_NAME_SHOW$4);\n this._queueCallback(() => this._hideModal(), this._element, this._isAnimated());\n }\n dispose() {\n EventHandler.off(window, EVENT_KEY$4);\n EventHandler.off(this._dialog, EVENT_KEY$4);\n this._backdrop.dispose();\n this._focustrap.deactivate();\n super.dispose();\n }\n handleUpdate() {\n this._adjustDialog();\n }\n\n // Private\n _initializeBackDrop() {\n return new Backdrop({\n isVisible: Boolean(this._config.backdrop),\n // 'static' option will be translated to true, and booleans will keep their value,\n isAnimated: this._isAnimated()\n });\n }\n _initializeFocusTrap() {\n return new FocusTrap({\n trapElement: this._element\n });\n }\n _showElement(relatedTarget) {\n // try to append dynamic modal\n if (!document.body.contains(this._element)) {\n document.body.append(this._element);\n }\n this._element.style.display = 'block';\n this._element.removeAttribute('aria-hidden');\n this._element.setAttribute('aria-modal', true);\n this._element.setAttribute('role', 'dialog');\n this._element.scrollTop = 0;\n const modalBody = SelectorEngine.findOne(SELECTOR_MODAL_BODY, this._dialog);\n if (modalBody) {\n modalBody.scrollTop = 0;\n }\n reflow(this._element);\n this._element.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_SHOW$4);\n const transitionComplete = () => {\n if (this._config.focus) {\n this._focustrap.activate();\n }\n this._isTransitioning = false;\n EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_SHOWN$4, {\n relatedTarget\n });\n };\n this._queueCallback(transitionComplete, this._dialog, this._isAnimated());\n }\n _addEventListeners() {\n EventHandler.on(this._element, EVENT_KEYDOWN_DISMISS$1, event => {\n if (event.key !== ESCAPE_KEY$1) {\n return;\n }\n if (this._config.keyboard) {\n this.hide();\n return;\n }\n this._triggerBackdropTransition();\n });\n EventHandler.on(window, EVENT_RESIZE$1, () => {\n if (this._isShown && !this._isTransitioning) {\n this._adjustDialog();\n }\n });\n EventHandler.on(this._element, EVENT_MOUSEDOWN_DISMISS, event => {\n // a bad trick to segregate clicks that may start inside dialog but end outside, and avoid listen to scrollbar clicks\n EventHandler.one(this._element, EVENT_CLICK_DISMISS, event2 => {\n if (this._element !== event.target || this._element !== event2.target) {\n return;\n }\n if (this._config.backdrop === 'static') {\n this._triggerBackdropTransition();\n return;\n }\n if (this._config.backdrop) {\n this.hide();\n }\n });\n });\n }\n _hideModal() {\n this._element.style.display = 'none';\n this._element.setAttribute('aria-hidden', true);\n this._element.removeAttribute('aria-modal');\n this._element.removeAttribute('role');\n this._isTransitioning = false;\n this._backdrop.hide(() => {\n document.body.classList.remove(CLASS_NAME_OPEN);\n this._resetAdjustments();\n this._scrollBar.reset();\n EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_HIDDEN$4);\n });\n }\n _isAnimated() {\n return this._element.classList.contains(CLASS_NAME_FADE$3);\n }\n _triggerBackdropTransition() {\n const hideEvent = EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_HIDE_PREVENTED$1);\n if (hideEvent.defaultPrevented) {\n return;\n }\n const isModalOverflowing = this._element.scrollHeight > document.documentElement.clientHeight;\n const initialOverflowY = this._element.style.overflowY;\n // return if the following background transition hasn't yet completed\n if (initialOverflowY === 'hidden' || this._element.classList.contains(CLASS_NAME_STATIC)) {\n return;\n }\n if (!isModalOverflowing) {\n this._element.style.overflowY = 'hidden';\n }\n this._element.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_STATIC);\n this._queueCallback(() => {\n this._element.classList.remove(CLASS_NAME_STATIC);\n this._queueCallback(() => {\n this._element.style.overflowY = initialOverflowY;\n }, this._dialog);\n }, this._dialog);\n this._element.focus();\n }\n\n /**\n * The following methods are used to handle overflowing modals\n */\n\n _adjustDialog() {\n const isModalOverflowing = this._element.scrollHeight > document.documentElement.clientHeight;\n const scrollbarWidth = this._scrollBar.getWidth();\n const isBodyOverflowing = scrollbarWidth > 0;\n if (isBodyOverflowing && !isModalOverflowing) {\n const property = isRTL() ? 'paddingLeft' : 'paddingRight';\n this._element.style[property] = `${scrollbarWidth}px`;\n }\n if (!isBodyOverflowing && isModalOverflowing) {\n const property = isRTL() ? 'paddingRight' : 'paddingLeft';\n this._element.style[property] = `${scrollbarWidth}px`;\n }\n }\n _resetAdjustments() {\n this._element.style.paddingLeft = '';\n this._element.style.paddingRight = '';\n }\n\n // Static\n static jQueryInterface(config, relatedTarget) {\n return this.each(function () {\n const data = Modal.getOrCreateInstance(this, config);\n if (typeof config !== 'string') {\n return;\n }\n if (typeof data[config] === 'undefined') {\n throw new TypeError(`No method named \"${config}\"`);\n }\n data[config](relatedTarget);\n });\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Data API implementation\n */\n\nEventHandler.on(document, EVENT_CLICK_DATA_API$2, SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$2, function (event) {\n const target = SelectorEngine.getElementFromSelector(this);\n if (['A', 'AREA'].includes(this.tagName)) {\n event.preventDefault();\n }\n EventHandler.one(target, EVENT_SHOW$4, showEvent => {\n if (showEvent.defaultPrevented) {\n // only register focus restorer if modal will actually get shown\n return;\n }\n EventHandler.one(target, EVENT_HIDDEN$4, () => {\n if (isVisible(this)) {\n this.focus();\n }\n });\n });\n\n // avoid conflict when clicking modal toggler while another one is open\n const alreadyOpen = SelectorEngine.findOne(OPEN_SELECTOR$1);\n if (alreadyOpen) {\n Modal.getInstance(alreadyOpen).hide();\n }\n const data = Modal.getOrCreateInstance(target);\n data.toggle(this);\n});\nenableDismissTrigger(Modal);\n\n/**\n * jQuery\n */\n\ndefineJQueryPlugin(Modal);\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap offcanvas.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n\n/**\n * Constants\n */\n\nconst NAME$6 = 'offcanvas';\nconst DATA_KEY$3 = 'bs.offcanvas';\nconst EVENT_KEY$3 = `.${DATA_KEY$3}`;\nconst DATA_API_KEY$1 = '.data-api';\nconst EVENT_LOAD_DATA_API$2 = `load${EVENT_KEY$3}${DATA_API_KEY$1}`;\nconst ESCAPE_KEY = 'Escape';\nconst CLASS_NAME_SHOW$3 = 'show';\nconst CLASS_NAME_SHOWING$1 = 'showing';\nconst CLASS_NAME_HIDING = 'hiding';\nconst CLASS_NAME_BACKDROP = 'offcanvas-backdrop';\nconst OPEN_SELECTOR = '.offcanvas.show';\nconst EVENT_SHOW$3 = `show${EVENT_KEY$3}`;\nconst EVENT_SHOWN$3 = `shown${EVENT_KEY$3}`;\nconst EVENT_HIDE$3 = `hide${EVENT_KEY$3}`;\nconst EVENT_HIDE_PREVENTED = `hidePrevented${EVENT_KEY$3}`;\nconst EVENT_HIDDEN$3 = `hidden${EVENT_KEY$3}`;\nconst EVENT_RESIZE = `resize${EVENT_KEY$3}`;\nconst EVENT_CLICK_DATA_API$1 = `click${EVENT_KEY$3}${DATA_API_KEY$1}`;\nconst EVENT_KEYDOWN_DISMISS = `keydown.dismiss${EVENT_KEY$3}`;\nconst SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$1 = '[data-bs-toggle=\"offcanvas\"]';\nconst Default$5 = {\n backdrop: true,\n keyboard: true,\n scroll: false\n};\nconst DefaultType$5 = {\n backdrop: '(boolean|string)',\n keyboard: 'boolean',\n scroll: 'boolean'\n};\n\n/**\n * Class definition\n */\n\nclass Offcanvas extends BaseComponent {\n constructor(element, config) {\n super(element, config);\n this._isShown = false;\n this._backdrop = this._initializeBackDrop();\n this._focustrap = this._initializeFocusTrap();\n this._addEventListeners();\n }\n\n // Getters\n static get Default() {\n return Default$5;\n }\n static get DefaultType() {\n return DefaultType$5;\n }\n static get NAME() {\n return NAME$6;\n }\n\n // Public\n toggle(relatedTarget) {\n return this._isShown ? this.hide() : this.show(relatedTarget);\n }\n show(relatedTarget) {\n if (this._isShown) {\n return;\n }\n const showEvent = EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_SHOW$3, {\n relatedTarget\n });\n if (showEvent.defaultPrevented) {\n return;\n }\n this._isShown = true;\n this._backdrop.show();\n if (!this._config.scroll) {\n new ScrollBarHelper().hide();\n }\n this._element.setAttribute('aria-modal', true);\n this._element.setAttribute('role', 'dialog');\n this._element.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_SHOWING$1);\n const completeCallBack = () => {\n if (!this._config.scroll || this._config.backdrop) {\n this._focustrap.activate();\n }\n this._element.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_SHOW$3);\n this._element.classList.remove(CLASS_NAME_SHOWING$1);\n EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_SHOWN$3, {\n relatedTarget\n });\n };\n this._queueCallback(completeCallBack, this._element, true);\n }\n hide() {\n if (!this._isShown) {\n return;\n }\n const hideEvent = EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_HIDE$3);\n if (hideEvent.defaultPrevented) {\n return;\n }\n this._focustrap.deactivate();\n this._element.blur();\n this._isShown = false;\n this._element.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_HIDING);\n this._backdrop.hide();\n const completeCallback = () => {\n this._element.classList.remove(CLASS_NAME_SHOW$3, CLASS_NAME_HIDING);\n this._element.removeAttribute('aria-modal');\n this._element.removeAttribute('role');\n if (!this._config.scroll) {\n new ScrollBarHelper().reset();\n }\n EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_HIDDEN$3);\n };\n this._queueCallback(completeCallback, this._element, true);\n }\n dispose() {\n this._backdrop.dispose();\n this._focustrap.deactivate();\n super.dispose();\n }\n\n // Private\n _initializeBackDrop() {\n const clickCallback = () => {\n if (this._config.backdrop === 'static') {\n EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_HIDE_PREVENTED);\n return;\n }\n this.hide();\n };\n\n // 'static' option will be translated to true, and booleans will keep their value\n const isVisible = Boolean(this._config.backdrop);\n return new Backdrop({\n className: CLASS_NAME_BACKDROP,\n isVisible,\n isAnimated: true,\n rootElement: this._element.parentNode,\n clickCallback: isVisible ? clickCallback : null\n });\n }\n _initializeFocusTrap() {\n return new FocusTrap({\n trapElement: this._element\n });\n }\n _addEventListeners() {\n EventHandler.on(this._element, EVENT_KEYDOWN_DISMISS, event => {\n if (event.key !== ESCAPE_KEY) {\n return;\n }\n if (this._config.keyboard) {\n this.hide();\n return;\n }\n EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_HIDE_PREVENTED);\n });\n }\n\n // Static\n static jQueryInterface(config) {\n return this.each(function () {\n const data = Offcanvas.getOrCreateInstance(this, config);\n if (typeof config !== 'string') {\n return;\n }\n if (data[config] === undefined || config.startsWith('_') || config === 'constructor') {\n throw new TypeError(`No method named \"${config}\"`);\n }\n data[config](this);\n });\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Data API implementation\n */\n\nEventHandler.on(document, EVENT_CLICK_DATA_API$1, SELECTOR_DATA_TOGGLE$1, function (event) {\n const target = SelectorEngine.getElementFromSelector(this);\n if (['A', 'AREA'].includes(this.tagName)) {\n event.preventDefault();\n }\n if (isDisabled(this)) {\n return;\n }\n EventHandler.one(target, EVENT_HIDDEN$3, () => {\n // focus on trigger when it is closed\n if (isVisible(this)) {\n this.focus();\n }\n });\n\n // avoid conflict when clicking a toggler of an offcanvas, while another is open\n const alreadyOpen = SelectorEngine.findOne(OPEN_SELECTOR);\n if (alreadyOpen && alreadyOpen !== target) {\n Offcanvas.getInstance(alreadyOpen).hide();\n }\n const data = Offcanvas.getOrCreateInstance(target);\n data.toggle(this);\n});\nEventHandler.on(window, EVENT_LOAD_DATA_API$2, () => {\n for (const selector of SelectorEngine.find(OPEN_SELECTOR)) {\n Offcanvas.getOrCreateInstance(selector).show();\n }\n});\nEventHandler.on(window, EVENT_RESIZE, () => {\n for (const element of SelectorEngine.find('[aria-modal][class*=show][class*=offcanvas-]')) {\n if (getComputedStyle(element).position !== 'fixed') {\n Offcanvas.getOrCreateInstance(element).hide();\n }\n }\n});\nenableDismissTrigger(Offcanvas);\n\n/**\n * jQuery\n */\n\ndefineJQueryPlugin(Offcanvas);\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap util/sanitizer.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n// js-docs-start allow-list\nconst ARIA_ATTRIBUTE_PATTERN = /^aria-[\\w-]*$/i;\nconst DefaultAllowlist = {\n // Global attributes allowed on any supplied element below.\n '*': ['class', 'dir', 'id', 'lang', 'role', ARIA_ATTRIBUTE_PATTERN],\n a: ['target', 'href', 'title', 'rel'],\n area: [],\n b: [],\n br: [],\n col: [],\n code: [],\n div: [],\n em: [],\n hr: [],\n h1: [],\n h2: [],\n h3: [],\n h4: [],\n h5: [],\n h6: [],\n i: [],\n img: ['src', 'srcset', 'alt', 'title', 'width', 'height'],\n li: [],\n ol: [],\n p: [],\n pre: [],\n s: [],\n small: [],\n span: [],\n sub: [],\n sup: [],\n strong: [],\n u: [],\n ul: []\n};\n// js-docs-end allow-list\n\nconst uriAttributes = new Set(['background', 'cite', 'href', 'itemtype', 'longdesc', 'poster', 'src', 'xlink:href']);\n\n/**\n * A pattern that recognizes URLs that are safe wrt. XSS in URL navigation\n * contexts.\n *\n * Shout-out to Angular https://github.com/angular/angular/blob/15.2.8/packages/core/src/sanitization/url_sanitizer.ts#L38\n */\n// eslint-disable-next-line unicorn/better-regex\nconst SAFE_URL_PATTERN = /^(?!javascript:)(?:[a-z0-9+.-]+:|[^&:/?#]*(?:[/?#]|$))/i;\nconst allowedAttribute = (attribute, allowedAttributeList) => {\n const attributeName = attribute.nodeName.toLowerCase();\n if (allowedAttributeList.includes(attributeName)) {\n if (uriAttributes.has(attributeName)) {\n return Boolean(SAFE_URL_PATTERN.test(attribute.nodeValue));\n }\n return true;\n }\n\n // Check if a regular expression validates the attribute.\n return allowedAttributeList.filter(attributeRegex => attributeRegex instanceof RegExp).some(regex => regex.test(attributeName));\n};\nfunction sanitizeHtml(unsafeHtml, allowList, sanitizeFunction) {\n if (!unsafeHtml.length) {\n return unsafeHtml;\n }\n if (sanitizeFunction && typeof sanitizeFunction === 'function') {\n return sanitizeFunction(unsafeHtml);\n }\n const domParser = new window.DOMParser();\n const createdDocument = domParser.parseFromString(unsafeHtml, 'text/html');\n const elements = [].concat(...createdDocument.body.querySelectorAll('*'));\n for (const element of elements) {\n const elementName = element.nodeName.toLowerCase();\n if (!Object.keys(allowList).includes(elementName)) {\n element.remove();\n continue;\n }\n const attributeList = [].concat(...element.attributes);\n const allowedAttributes = [].concat(allowList['*'] || [], allowList[elementName] || []);\n for (const attribute of attributeList) {\n if (!allowedAttribute(attribute, allowedAttributes)) {\n element.removeAttribute(attribute.nodeName);\n }\n }\n }\n return createdDocument.body.innerHTML;\n}\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap util/template-factory.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n\n/**\n * Constants\n */\n\nconst NAME$5 = 'TemplateFactory';\nconst Default$4 = {\n allowList: DefaultAllowlist,\n content: {},\n // { selector : text , selector2 : text2 , }\n extraClass: '',\n html: false,\n sanitize: true,\n sanitizeFn: null,\n template: '
'\n};\nconst DefaultType$4 = {\n allowList: 'object',\n content: 'object',\n extraClass: '(string|function)',\n html: 'boolean',\n sanitize: 'boolean',\n sanitizeFn: '(null|function)',\n template: 'string'\n};\nconst DefaultContentType = {\n entry: '(string|element|function|null)',\n selector: '(string|element)'\n};\n\n/**\n * Class definition\n */\n\nclass TemplateFactory extends Config {\n constructor(config) {\n super();\n this._config = this._getConfig(config);\n }\n\n // Getters\n static get Default() {\n return Default$4;\n }\n static get DefaultType() {\n return DefaultType$4;\n }\n static get NAME() {\n return NAME$5;\n }\n\n // Public\n getContent() {\n return Object.values(this._config.content).map(config => this._resolvePossibleFunction(config)).filter(Boolean);\n }\n hasContent() {\n return this.getContent().length > 0;\n }\n changeContent(content) {\n this._checkContent(content);\n this._config.content = {\n ...this._config.content,\n ...content\n };\n return this;\n }\n toHtml() {\n const templateWrapper = document.createElement('div');\n templateWrapper.innerHTML = this._maybeSanitize(this._config.template);\n for (const [selector, text] of Object.entries(this._config.content)) {\n this._setContent(templateWrapper, text, selector);\n }\n const template = templateWrapper.children[0];\n const extraClass = this._resolvePossibleFunction(this._config.extraClass);\n if (extraClass) {\n template.classList.add(...extraClass.split(' '));\n }\n return template;\n }\n\n // Private\n _typeCheckConfig(config) {\n super._typeCheckConfig(config);\n this._checkContent(config.content);\n }\n _checkContent(arg) {\n for (const [selector, content] of Object.entries(arg)) {\n super._typeCheckConfig({\n selector,\n entry: content\n }, DefaultContentType);\n }\n }\n _setContent(template, content, selector) {\n const templateElement = SelectorEngine.findOne(selector, template);\n if (!templateElement) {\n return;\n }\n content = this._resolvePossibleFunction(content);\n if (!content) {\n templateElement.remove();\n return;\n }\n if (isElement(content)) {\n this._putElementInTemplate(getElement(content), templateElement);\n return;\n }\n if (this._config.html) {\n templateElement.innerHTML = this._maybeSanitize(content);\n return;\n }\n templateElement.textContent = content;\n }\n _maybeSanitize(arg) {\n return this._config.sanitize ? sanitizeHtml(arg, this._config.allowList, this._config.sanitizeFn) : arg;\n }\n _resolvePossibleFunction(arg) {\n return execute(arg, [this]);\n }\n _putElementInTemplate(element, templateElement) {\n if (this._config.html) {\n templateElement.innerHTML = '';\n templateElement.append(element);\n return;\n }\n templateElement.textContent = element.textContent;\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap tooltip.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n\n/**\n * Constants\n */\n\nconst NAME$4 = 'tooltip';\nconst DISALLOWED_ATTRIBUTES = new Set(['sanitize', 'allowList', 'sanitizeFn']);\nconst CLASS_NAME_FADE$2 = 'fade';\nconst CLASS_NAME_MODAL = 'modal';\nconst CLASS_NAME_SHOW$2 = 'show';\nconst SELECTOR_TOOLTIP_INNER = '.tooltip-inner';\nconst SELECTOR_MODAL = `.${CLASS_NAME_MODAL}`;\nconst EVENT_MODAL_HIDE = 'hide.bs.modal';\nconst TRIGGER_HOVER = 'hover';\nconst TRIGGER_FOCUS = 'focus';\nconst TRIGGER_CLICK = 'click';\nconst TRIGGER_MANUAL = 'manual';\nconst EVENT_HIDE$2 = 'hide';\nconst EVENT_HIDDEN$2 = 'hidden';\nconst EVENT_SHOW$2 = 'show';\nconst EVENT_SHOWN$2 = 'shown';\nconst EVENT_INSERTED = 'inserted';\nconst EVENT_CLICK$1 = 'click';\nconst EVENT_FOCUSIN$1 = 'focusin';\nconst EVENT_FOCUSOUT$1 = 'focusout';\nconst EVENT_MOUSEENTER = 'mouseenter';\nconst EVENT_MOUSELEAVE = 'mouseleave';\nconst AttachmentMap = {\n AUTO: 'auto',\n TOP: 'top',\n RIGHT: isRTL() ? 'left' : 'right',\n BOTTOM: 'bottom',\n LEFT: isRTL() ? 'right' : 'left'\n};\nconst Default$3 = {\n allowList: DefaultAllowlist,\n animation: true,\n boundary: 'clippingParents',\n container: false,\n customClass: '',\n delay: 0,\n fallbackPlacements: ['top', 'right', 'bottom', 'left'],\n html: false,\n offset: [0, 6],\n placement: 'top',\n popperConfig: null,\n sanitize: true,\n sanitizeFn: null,\n selector: false,\n template: '
' + '
' + '
' + '
',\n title: '',\n trigger: 'hover focus'\n};\nconst DefaultType$3 = {\n allowList: 'object',\n animation: 'boolean',\n boundary: '(string|element)',\n container: '(string|element|boolean)',\n customClass: '(string|function)',\n delay: '(number|object)',\n fallbackPlacements: 'array',\n html: 'boolean',\n offset: '(array|string|function)',\n placement: '(string|function)',\n popperConfig: '(null|object|function)',\n sanitize: 'boolean',\n sanitizeFn: '(null|function)',\n selector: '(string|boolean)',\n template: 'string',\n title: '(string|element|function)',\n trigger: 'string'\n};\n\n/**\n * Class definition\n */\n\nclass Tooltip extends BaseComponent {\n constructor(element, config) {\n if (typeof Popper === 'undefined') {\n throw new TypeError('Bootstrap\\'s tooltips require Popper (https://popper.js.org)');\n }\n super(element, config);\n\n // Private\n this._isEnabled = true;\n this._timeout = 0;\n this._isHovered = null;\n this._activeTrigger = {};\n this._popper = null;\n this._templateFactory = null;\n this._newContent = null;\n\n // Protected\n this.tip = null;\n this._setListeners();\n if (!this._config.selector) {\n this._fixTitle();\n }\n }\n\n // Getters\n static get Default() {\n return Default$3;\n }\n static get DefaultType() {\n return DefaultType$3;\n }\n static get NAME() {\n return NAME$4;\n }\n\n // Public\n enable() {\n this._isEnabled = true;\n }\n disable() {\n this._isEnabled = false;\n }\n toggleEnabled() {\n this._isEnabled = !this._isEnabled;\n }\n toggle() {\n if (!this._isEnabled) {\n return;\n }\n this._activeTrigger.click = !this._activeTrigger.click;\n if (this._isShown()) {\n this._leave();\n return;\n }\n this._enter();\n }\n dispose() {\n clearTimeout(this._timeout);\n EventHandler.off(this._element.closest(SELECTOR_MODAL), EVENT_MODAL_HIDE, this._hideModalHandler);\n if (this._element.getAttribute('data-bs-original-title')) {\n this._element.setAttribute('title', this._element.getAttribute('data-bs-original-title'));\n }\n this._disposePopper();\n super.dispose();\n }\n show() {\n if (this._element.style.display === 'none') {\n throw new Error('Please use show on visible elements');\n }\n if (!(this._isWithContent() && this._isEnabled)) {\n return;\n }\n const showEvent = EventHandler.trigger(this._element, this.constructor.eventName(EVENT_SHOW$2));\n const shadowRoot = findShadowRoot(this._element);\n const isInTheDom = (shadowRoot || this._element.ownerDocument.documentElement).contains(this._element);\n if (showEvent.defaultPrevented || !isInTheDom) {\n return;\n }\n\n // TODO: v6 remove this or make it optional\n this._disposePopper();\n const tip = this._getTipElement();\n this._element.setAttribute('aria-describedby', tip.getAttribute('id'));\n const {\n container\n } = this._config;\n if (!this._element.ownerDocument.documentElement.contains(this.tip)) {\n container.append(tip);\n EventHandler.trigger(this._element, this.constructor.eventName(EVENT_INSERTED));\n }\n this._popper = this._createPopper(tip);\n tip.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_SHOW$2);\n\n // If this is a touch-enabled device we add extra\n // empty mouseover listeners to the body's immediate children;\n // only needed because of broken event delegation on iOS\n // https://www.quirksmode.org/blog/archives/2014/02/mouse_event_bub.html\n if ('ontouchstart' in document.documentElement) {\n for (const element of [].concat(...document.body.children)) {\n EventHandler.on(element, 'mouseover', noop);\n }\n }\n const complete = () => {\n EventHandler.trigger(this._element, this.constructor.eventName(EVENT_SHOWN$2));\n if (this._isHovered === false) {\n this._leave();\n }\n this._isHovered = false;\n };\n this._queueCallback(complete, this.tip, this._isAnimated());\n }\n hide() {\n if (!this._isShown()) {\n return;\n }\n const hideEvent = EventHandler.trigger(this._element, this.constructor.eventName(EVENT_HIDE$2));\n if (hideEvent.defaultPrevented) {\n return;\n }\n const tip = this._getTipElement();\n tip.classList.remove(CLASS_NAME_SHOW$2);\n\n // If this is a touch-enabled device we remove the extra\n // empty mouseover listeners we added for iOS support\n if ('ontouchstart' in document.documentElement) {\n for (const element of [].concat(...document.body.children)) {\n EventHandler.off(element, 'mouseover', noop);\n }\n }\n this._activeTrigger[TRIGGER_CLICK] = false;\n this._activeTrigger[TRIGGER_FOCUS] = false;\n this._activeTrigger[TRIGGER_HOVER] = false;\n this._isHovered = null; // it is a trick to support manual triggering\n\n const complete = () => {\n if (this._isWithActiveTrigger()) {\n return;\n }\n if (!this._isHovered) {\n this._disposePopper();\n }\n this._element.removeAttribute('aria-describedby');\n EventHandler.trigger(this._element, this.constructor.eventName(EVENT_HIDDEN$2));\n };\n this._queueCallback(complete, this.tip, this._isAnimated());\n }\n update() {\n if (this._popper) {\n this._popper.update();\n }\n }\n\n // Protected\n _isWithContent() {\n return Boolean(this._getTitle());\n }\n _getTipElement() {\n if (!this.tip) {\n this.tip = this._createTipElement(this._newContent || this._getContentForTemplate());\n }\n return this.tip;\n }\n _createTipElement(content) {\n const tip = this._getTemplateFactory(content).toHtml();\n\n // TODO: remove this check in v6\n if (!tip) {\n return null;\n }\n tip.classList.remove(CLASS_NAME_FADE$2, CLASS_NAME_SHOW$2);\n // TODO: v6 the following can be achieved with CSS only\n tip.classList.add(`bs-${this.constructor.NAME}-auto`);\n const tipId = getUID(this.constructor.NAME).toString();\n tip.setAttribute('id', tipId);\n if (this._isAnimated()) {\n tip.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_FADE$2);\n }\n return tip;\n }\n setContent(content) {\n this._newContent = content;\n if (this._isShown()) {\n this._disposePopper();\n this.show();\n }\n }\n _getTemplateFactory(content) {\n if (this._templateFactory) {\n this._templateFactory.changeContent(content);\n } else {\n this._templateFactory = new TemplateFactory({\n ...this._config,\n // the `content` var has to be after `this._config`\n // to override config.content in case of popover\n content,\n extraClass: this._resolvePossibleFunction(this._config.customClass)\n });\n }\n return this._templateFactory;\n }\n _getContentForTemplate() {\n return {\n [SELECTOR_TOOLTIP_INNER]: this._getTitle()\n };\n }\n _getTitle() {\n return this._resolvePossibleFunction(this._config.title) || this._element.getAttribute('data-bs-original-title');\n }\n\n // Private\n _initializeOnDelegatedTarget(event) {\n return this.constructor.getOrCreateInstance(event.delegateTarget, this._getDelegateConfig());\n }\n _isAnimated() {\n return this._config.animation || this.tip && this.tip.classList.contains(CLASS_NAME_FADE$2);\n }\n _isShown() {\n return this.tip && this.tip.classList.contains(CLASS_NAME_SHOW$2);\n }\n _createPopper(tip) {\n const placement = execute(this._config.placement, [this, tip, this._element]);\n const attachment = AttachmentMap[placement.toUpperCase()];\n return Popper.createPopper(this._element, tip, this._getPopperConfig(attachment));\n }\n _getOffset() {\n const {\n offset\n } = this._config;\n if (typeof offset === 'string') {\n return offset.split(',').map(value => Number.parseInt(value, 10));\n }\n if (typeof offset === 'function') {\n return popperData => offset(popperData, this._element);\n }\n return offset;\n }\n _resolvePossibleFunction(arg) {\n return execute(arg, [this._element]);\n }\n _getPopperConfig(attachment) {\n const defaultBsPopperConfig = {\n placement: attachment,\n modifiers: [{\n name: 'flip',\n options: {\n fallbackPlacements: this._config.fallbackPlacements\n }\n }, {\n name: 'offset',\n options: {\n offset: this._getOffset()\n }\n }, {\n name: 'preventOverflow',\n options: {\n boundary: this._config.boundary\n }\n }, {\n name: 'arrow',\n options: {\n element: `.${this.constructor.NAME}-arrow`\n }\n }, {\n name: 'preSetPlacement',\n enabled: true,\n phase: 'beforeMain',\n fn: data => {\n // Pre-set Popper's placement attribute in order to read the arrow sizes properly.\n // Otherwise, Popper mixes up the width and height dimensions since the initial arrow style is for top placement\n this._getTipElement().setAttribute('data-popper-placement', data.state.placement);\n }\n }]\n };\n return {\n ...defaultBsPopperConfig,\n ...execute(this._config.popperConfig, [defaultBsPopperConfig])\n };\n }\n _setListeners() {\n const triggers = this._config.trigger.split(' ');\n for (const trigger of triggers) {\n if (trigger === 'click') {\n EventHandler.on(this._element, this.constructor.eventName(EVENT_CLICK$1), this._config.selector, event => {\n const context = this._initializeOnDelegatedTarget(event);\n context.toggle();\n });\n } else if (trigger !== TRIGGER_MANUAL) {\n const eventIn = trigger === TRIGGER_HOVER ? this.constructor.eventName(EVENT_MOUSEENTER) : this.constructor.eventName(EVENT_FOCUSIN$1);\n const eventOut = trigger === TRIGGER_HOVER ? this.constructor.eventName(EVENT_MOUSELEAVE) : this.constructor.eventName(EVENT_FOCUSOUT$1);\n EventHandler.on(this._element, eventIn, this._config.selector, event => {\n const context = this._initializeOnDelegatedTarget(event);\n context._activeTrigger[event.type === 'focusin' ? TRIGGER_FOCUS : TRIGGER_HOVER] = true;\n context._enter();\n });\n EventHandler.on(this._element, eventOut, this._config.selector, event => {\n const context = this._initializeOnDelegatedTarget(event);\n context._activeTrigger[event.type === 'focusout' ? TRIGGER_FOCUS : TRIGGER_HOVER] = context._element.contains(event.relatedTarget);\n context._leave();\n });\n }\n }\n this._hideModalHandler = () => {\n if (this._element) {\n this.hide();\n }\n };\n EventHandler.on(this._element.closest(SELECTOR_MODAL), EVENT_MODAL_HIDE, this._hideModalHandler);\n }\n _fixTitle() {\n const title = this._element.getAttribute('title');\n if (!title) {\n return;\n }\n if (!this._element.getAttribute('aria-label') && !this._element.textContent.trim()) {\n this._element.setAttribute('aria-label', title);\n }\n this._element.setAttribute('data-bs-original-title', title); // DO NOT USE IT. Is only for backwards compatibility\n this._element.removeAttribute('title');\n }\n _enter() {\n if (this._isShown() || this._isHovered) {\n this._isHovered = true;\n return;\n }\n this._isHovered = true;\n this._setTimeout(() => {\n if (this._isHovered) {\n this.show();\n }\n }, this._config.delay.show);\n }\n _leave() {\n if (this._isWithActiveTrigger()) {\n return;\n }\n this._isHovered = false;\n this._setTimeout(() => {\n if (!this._isHovered) {\n this.hide();\n }\n }, this._config.delay.hide);\n }\n _setTimeout(handler, timeout) {\n clearTimeout(this._timeout);\n this._timeout = setTimeout(handler, timeout);\n }\n _isWithActiveTrigger() {\n return Object.values(this._activeTrigger).includes(true);\n }\n _getConfig(config) {\n const dataAttributes = Manipulator.getDataAttributes(this._element);\n for (const dataAttribute of Object.keys(dataAttributes)) {\n if (DISALLOWED_ATTRIBUTES.has(dataAttribute)) {\n delete dataAttributes[dataAttribute];\n }\n }\n config = {\n ...dataAttributes,\n ...(typeof config === 'object' && config ? config : {})\n };\n config = this._mergeConfigObj(config);\n config = this._configAfterMerge(config);\n this._typeCheckConfig(config);\n return config;\n }\n _configAfterMerge(config) {\n config.container = config.container === false ? document.body : getElement(config.container);\n if (typeof config.delay === 'number') {\n config.delay = {\n show: config.delay,\n hide: config.delay\n };\n }\n if (typeof config.title === 'number') {\n config.title = config.title.toString();\n }\n if (typeof config.content === 'number') {\n config.content = config.content.toString();\n }\n return config;\n }\n _getDelegateConfig() {\n const config = {};\n for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(this._config)) {\n if (this.constructor.Default[key] !== value) {\n config[key] = value;\n }\n }\n config.selector = false;\n config.trigger = 'manual';\n\n // In the future can be replaced with:\n // const keysWithDifferentValues = Object.entries(this._config).filter(entry => this.constructor.Default[entry[0]] !== this._config[entry[0]])\n // `Object.fromEntries(keysWithDifferentValues)`\n return config;\n }\n _disposePopper() {\n if (this._popper) {\n this._popper.destroy();\n this._popper = null;\n }\n if (this.tip) {\n this.tip.remove();\n this.tip = null;\n }\n }\n\n // Static\n static jQueryInterface(config) {\n return this.each(function () {\n const data = Tooltip.getOrCreateInstance(this, config);\n if (typeof config !== 'string') {\n return;\n }\n if (typeof data[config] === 'undefined') {\n throw new TypeError(`No method named \"${config}\"`);\n }\n data[config]();\n });\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * jQuery\n */\n\ndefineJQueryPlugin(Tooltip);\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap popover.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n\n/**\n * Constants\n */\n\nconst NAME$3 = 'popover';\nconst SELECTOR_TITLE = '.popover-header';\nconst SELECTOR_CONTENT = '.popover-body';\nconst Default$2 = {\n ...Tooltip.Default,\n content: '',\n offset: [0, 8],\n placement: 'right',\n template: '
' + '
' + '

' + '
' + '
',\n trigger: 'click'\n};\nconst DefaultType$2 = {\n ...Tooltip.DefaultType,\n content: '(null|string|element|function)'\n};\n\n/**\n * Class definition\n */\n\nclass Popover extends Tooltip {\n // Getters\n static get Default() {\n return Default$2;\n }\n static get DefaultType() {\n return DefaultType$2;\n }\n static get NAME() {\n return NAME$3;\n }\n\n // Overrides\n _isWithContent() {\n return this._getTitle() || this._getContent();\n }\n\n // Private\n _getContentForTemplate() {\n return {\n [SELECTOR_TITLE]: this._getTitle(),\n [SELECTOR_CONTENT]: this._getContent()\n };\n }\n _getContent() {\n return this._resolvePossibleFunction(this._config.content);\n }\n\n // Static\n static jQueryInterface(config) {\n return this.each(function () {\n const data = Popover.getOrCreateInstance(this, config);\n if (typeof config !== 'string') {\n return;\n }\n if (typeof data[config] === 'undefined') {\n throw new TypeError(`No method named \"${config}\"`);\n }\n data[config]();\n });\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * jQuery\n */\n\ndefineJQueryPlugin(Popover);\n\n/**\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Bootstrap scrollspy.js\n * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\n\n/**\n * Constants\n */\n\nconst NAME$2 = 'scrollspy';\nconst DATA_KEY$2 = 'bs.scrollspy';\nconst EVENT_KEY$2 = `.${DATA_KEY$2}`;\nconst DATA_API_KEY = '.data-api';\nconst EVENT_ACTIVATE = `activate${EVENT_KEY$2}`;\nconst EVENT_CLICK = `click${EVENT_KEY$2}`;\nconst EVENT_LOAD_DATA_API$1 = `load${EVENT_KEY$2}${DATA_API_KEY}`;\nconst CLASS_NAME_DROPDOWN_ITEM = 'dropdown-item';\nconst CLASS_NAME_ACTIVE$1 = 'active';\nconst SELECTOR_DATA_SPY = '[data-bs-spy=\"scroll\"]';\nconst SELECTOR_TARGET_LINKS = '[href]';\nconst SELECTOR_NAV_LIST_GROUP = '.nav, .list-group';\nconst SELECTOR_NAV_LINKS = '.nav-link';\nconst SELECTOR_NAV_ITEMS = '.nav-item';\nconst SELECTOR_LIST_ITEMS = '.list-group-item';\nconst SELECTOR_LINK_ITEMS = `${SELECTOR_NAV_LINKS}, ${SELECTOR_NAV_ITEMS} > ${SELECTOR_NAV_LINKS}, ${SELECTOR_LIST_ITEMS}`;\nconst SELECTOR_DROPDOWN = '.dropdown';\nconst SELECTOR_DROPDOWN_TOGGLE$1 = '.dropdown-toggle';\nconst Default$1 = {\n offset: null,\n // TODO: v6 @deprecated, keep it for backwards compatibility reasons\n rootMargin: '0px 0px -25%',\n smoothScroll: false,\n target: null,\n threshold: [0.1, 0.5, 1]\n};\nconst DefaultType$1 = {\n offset: '(number|null)',\n // TODO v6 @deprecated, keep it for backwards compatibility reasons\n rootMargin: 'string',\n smoothScroll: 'boolean',\n target: 'element',\n threshold: 'array'\n};\n\n/**\n * Class definition\n */\n\nclass ScrollSpy extends BaseComponent {\n constructor(element, config) {\n super(element, config);\n\n // this._element is the observablesContainer and config.target the menu links wrapper\n this._targetLinks = new Map();\n this._observableSections = new Map();\n this._rootElement = getComputedStyle(this._element).overflowY === 'visible' ? null : this._element;\n this._activeTarget = null;\n this._observer = null;\n this._previousScrollData = {\n visibleEntryTop: 0,\n parentScrollTop: 0\n };\n this.refresh(); // initialize\n }\n\n // Getters\n static get Default() {\n return Default$1;\n }\n static get DefaultType() {\n return DefaultType$1;\n }\n static get NAME() {\n return NAME$2;\n }\n\n // Public\n refresh() {\n this._initializeTargetsAndObservables();\n this._maybeEnableSmoothScroll();\n if (this._observer) {\n this._observer.disconnect();\n } else {\n this._observer = this._getNewObserver();\n }\n for (const section of this._observableSections.values()) {\n this._observer.observe(section);\n }\n }\n dispose() {\n this._observer.disconnect();\n super.dispose();\n }\n\n // Private\n _configAfterMerge(config) {\n // TODO: on v6 target should be given explicitly & remove the {target: 'ss-target'} case\n config.target = getElement(config.target) || document.body;\n\n // TODO: v6 Only for backwards compatibility reasons. Use rootMargin only\n config.rootMargin = config.offset ? `${config.offset}px 0px -30%` : config.rootMargin;\n if (typeof config.threshold === 'string') {\n config.threshold = config.threshold.split(',').map(value => Number.parseFloat(value));\n }\n return config;\n }\n _maybeEnableSmoothScroll() {\n if (!this._config.smoothScroll) {\n return;\n }\n\n // unregister any previous listeners\n EventHandler.off(this._config.target, EVENT_CLICK);\n EventHandler.on(this._config.target, EVENT_CLICK, SELECTOR_TARGET_LINKS, event => {\n const observableSection = this._observableSections.get(event.target.hash);\n if (observableSection) {\n event.preventDefault();\n const root = this._rootElement || window;\n const height = observableSection.offsetTop - this._element.offsetTop;\n if (root.scrollTo) {\n root.scrollTo({\n top: height,\n behavior: 'smooth'\n });\n return;\n }\n\n // Chrome 60 doesn't support `scrollTo`\n root.scrollTop = height;\n }\n });\n }\n _getNewObserver() {\n const options = {\n root: this._rootElement,\n threshold: this._config.threshold,\n rootMargin: this._config.rootMargin\n };\n return new IntersectionObserver(entries => this._observerCallback(entries), options);\n }\n\n // The logic of selection\n _observerCallback(entries) {\n const targetElement = entry => this._targetLinks.get(`#${entry.target.id}`);\n const activate = entry => {\n this._previousScrollData.visibleEntryTop = entry.target.offsetTop;\n this._process(targetElement(entry));\n };\n const parentScrollTop = (this._rootElement || document.documentElement).scrollTop;\n const userScrollsDown = parentScrollTop >= this._previousScrollData.parentScrollTop;\n this._previousScrollData.parentScrollTop = parentScrollTop;\n for (const entry of entries) {\n if (!entry.isIntersecting) {\n this._activeTarget = null;\n this._clearActiveClass(targetElement(entry));\n continue;\n }\n const entryIsLowerThanPrevious = entry.target.offsetTop >= this._previousScrollData.visibleEntryTop;\n // if we are scrolling down, pick the bigger offsetTop\n if (userScrollsDown && entryIsLowerThanPrevious) {\n activate(entry);\n // if parent isn't scrolled, let's keep the first visible item, breaking the iteration\n if (!parentScrollTop) {\n return;\n }\n continue;\n }\n\n // if we are scrolling up, pick the smallest offsetTop\n if (!userScrollsDown && !entryIsLowerThanPrevious) {\n activate(entry);\n }\n }\n }\n _initializeTargetsAndObservables() {\n this._targetLinks = new Map();\n this._observableSections = new Map();\n const targetLinks = SelectorEngine.find(SELECTOR_TARGET_LINKS, this._config.target);\n for (const anchor of targetLinks) {\n // ensure that the anchor has an id and is not disabled\n if (!anchor.hash || isDisabled(anchor)) {\n continue;\n }\n const observableSection = SelectorEngine.findOne(decodeURI(anchor.hash), this._element);\n\n // ensure that the observableSection exists & is visible\n if (isVisible(observableSection)) {\n this._targetLinks.set(decodeURI(anchor.hash), anchor);\n this._observableSections.set(anchor.hash, observableSection);\n }\n }\n }\n _process(target) {\n if (this._activeTarget === target) {\n return;\n }\n this._clearActiveClass(this._config.target);\n this._activeTarget = target;\n target.classList.add(CLASS_NAME_ACTIVE$1);\n this._activateParents(target);\n EventHandler.trigger(this._element, EVENT_ACTIVATE, {\n relatedTarget: target\n });\n }\n _activateParents(target) {\n // Activate dropdown parents\n if (target.classList.contains(CLASS_NAME_DROPDOWN_ITEM)) {\n SelectorEngine.findOne(SELECTOR_DROPDOWN_TOGGLE$1, target.closest(SELECTOR_DROPDOWN)).classList.add(CLASS_NAME_ACTIVE$1);\n return;\n }\n for (const listGroup of SelectorEngine.parents(target, SELECTOR_NAV_LIST_GROUP)) {\n // Set triggered links parents as active\n // With both