diff --git a/packages/core/CHANGELOG.md b/packages/core/CHANGELOG.md
index 98e26b530..dc2c2a4a9 100644
--- a/packages/core/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/packages/core/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## Unreleased
+
+- Fix manifest error when connecting to an Anvil dev network. ([#950](https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-upgrades/pull/950))
+
 ## 1.32.1 (2023-12-14)
 
 - CLI: Fix ambiguous name error when passing in fully qualified contract names. ([#944](https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-upgrades/pull/944))
diff --git a/packages/core/src/manifest.test.ts b/packages/core/src/manifest.test.ts
index 092448de3..81c3767cc 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/manifest.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/manifest.test.ts
@@ -399,11 +399,23 @@ test('manifest name for an unknown network, development instance, non hardhat',
 test('manifest name for an unknown network, development instance, hardhat', t => {
   const chainId = 31337;
   const instanceId = '0x22223';
-  const devInstanceMetadata = { networkName: 'dev', instanceId: instanceId };
+  const devInstanceMetadata = { networkName: 'hardhat', instanceId: instanceId };
 
   const manifest = new Manifest(chainId, devInstanceMetadata, '/tmp');
 
-  const expectedPath = `/tmp/openzeppelin-upgrades/dev-${chainId}-${instanceId}.json`;
+  const expectedPath = `/tmp/openzeppelin-upgrades/hardhat-${chainId}-${instanceId}.json`;
+  t.is(manifest.file, expectedPath);
+  t.is(manifest.fallbackFile, `.openzeppelin/unknown-${chainId}.json`);
+});
+
+test('manifest name for an unknown network, development instance, anvil - forkedNetwork null', t => {
+  const chainId = 31337;
+  const instanceId = '0x22224';
+  const devInstanceMetadata = { networkName: 'anvil', instanceId: instanceId, forkedNetwork: null };
+
+  const manifest = new Manifest(chainId, devInstanceMetadata, '/tmp');
+
+  const expectedPath = `/tmp/openzeppelin-upgrades/anvil-${chainId}-${instanceId}.json`;
   t.is(manifest.file, expectedPath);
   t.is(manifest.fallbackFile, `.openzeppelin/unknown-${chainId}.json`);
 });
diff --git a/packages/core/src/manifest.ts b/packages/core/src/manifest.ts
index a803929c9..aaa59cbe4 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/manifest.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/manifest.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,14 @@
 import os from 'os';
 import path from 'path';
 import { promises as fs } from 'fs';
-import { EthereumProvider, getChainId, getHardhatMetadata, networkNames } from './provider';
+import {
+  EthereumProvider,
+  HardhatMetadata,
+  getAnvilMetadata,
+  getChainId,
+  getHardhatMetadata,
+  networkNames,
+} from './provider';
 import lockfile from 'proper-lockfile';
 import { compare as compareVersions } from 'compare-versions';
 
@@ -44,28 +51,36 @@ function defaultManifest(): ManifestData {
 const MANIFEST_DEFAULT_DIR = '.openzeppelin';
 const MANIFEST_TEMP_DIR = 'openzeppelin-upgrades';
 
+type DevNetworkType = 'hardhat' | 'anvil';
+
 async function getDevInstanceMetadata(
   provider: EthereumProvider,
   chainId: number,
 ): Promise<DevInstanceMetadata | undefined> {
-  let hardhatMetadata;
-
+  let networkMetadata: HardhatMetadata;
+  let networkType: DevNetworkType;
   try {
-    hardhatMetadata = await getHardhatMetadata(provider);
+    networkMetadata = await getAnvilMetadata(provider);
+    networkType = 'anvil';
   } catch (e: unknown) {
-    return undefined;
+    try {
+      networkMetadata = await getHardhatMetadata(provider);
+      networkType = 'hardhat';
+    } catch (e: unknown) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
   }
 
-  if (hardhatMetadata.chainId !== chainId) {
+  if (networkMetadata.chainId !== chainId) {
     throw new Error(
-      `Broken invariant: Hardhat metadata's chainId ${hardhatMetadata.chainId} does not match eth_chainId ${chainId}`,
+      `Broken invariant: Hardhat or Anvil metadata's chainId ${networkMetadata.chainId} does not match eth_chainId ${chainId}`,
     );
   }
 
   return {
-    networkName: 'hardhat',
-    instanceId: hardhatMetadata.instanceId,
-    forkedNetwork: hardhatMetadata.forkedNetwork,
+    networkName: networkType,
+    instanceId: networkMetadata.instanceId,
+    forkedNetwork: networkMetadata.forkedNetwork,
   };
 }
 
@@ -83,7 +98,7 @@ interface DevInstanceMetadata {
   forkedNetwork?: {
     // The chainId of the network that is being forked
     chainId: number;
-  };
+  } | null;
 }
 
 export class Manifest {
@@ -129,7 +144,7 @@ export class Manifest {
       }
       debug('development manifest file:', this.file, 'fallback file:', this.fallbackFile);
 
-      if (devInstanceMetadata.forkedNetwork !== undefined) {
+      if (devInstanceMetadata.forkedNetwork) {
         const forkedChainId = devInstanceMetadata.forkedNetwork.chainId;
         debug('forked network chain id:', forkedChainId);
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/provider.ts b/packages/core/src/provider.ts
index 3677cb618..0fcea674e 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/provider.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/provider.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 export interface EthereumProvider {
+  send(method: 'anvil_metadata', params: []): Promise<HardhatMetadata>;
   send(method: 'hardhat_metadata', params: []): Promise<HardhatMetadata>;
   send(method: 'web3_clientVersion', params: []): Promise<string>;
   send(method: 'net_version', params: []): Promise<string>;
@@ -12,13 +13,14 @@ export interface EthereumProvider {
   send(method: string, params: unknown[]): Promise<unknown>;
 }
 
-interface HardhatMetadata {
+export interface HardhatMetadata {
+  clientVersion: string;
   chainId: number;
   instanceId: string;
   forkedNetwork?: {
     // The chainId of the network that is being forked
     chainId: number;
-  };
+  } | null;
 }
 
 interface EthereumTransaction {
@@ -57,6 +59,13 @@ export async function getHardhatMetadata(provider: EthereumProvider): Promise<Ha
   return provider.send('hardhat_metadata', []);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Anvil could have anvil_metadata, for which hardhat_metadata is an alias.
+ */
+export async function getAnvilMetadata(provider: EthereumProvider): Promise<HardhatMetadata> {
+  return provider.send('anvil_metadata', []);
+}
+
 export async function getStorageAt(
   provider: EthereumProvider,
   address: string,