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NYBEMbib.bib
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@techreport{brady__1996,
type = {Biological},
title = {. {Habitat} suitability index models: horseshoe crab (spawning beaches) - {Delaware} {Bay}, {New} {Jersey} and {Delaware}},
institution = {Army Corps of Engineers},
author = {Brady, J and Schrading, E},
year = {1996},
}
@techreport{lathrope_mapping_2013,
address = {New Brunswick, NJ},
title = {Mapping the {Critical} {Horseshoe} {Crab} {Spawning} {Habitats} of {Delaware} {Bay}},
url = {https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.716.4950&rep=rep1&type=pdf},
institution = {Rutgers Center for Remote Sensing \& Spatial Analysis},
author = {Lathrope, Richard and Niles, L and Merchant, D and Farrell, T and Licitra, C},
month = sep,
year = {2013},
}
@techreport{mulholland_habitat_1984,
title = {Habitat suitability index models: {Hard} clam},
institution = {Fish and Wildlife Service},
author = {Mulholland, R.},
year = {1984},
}
@book{cake_habitat_1983,
title = {Habitat suitability index models: {Gulf} of {Mexico} {American} oyster},
publisher = {National Coastal Ecosystems Team, Division of Biological Services, Research and Development, Fish and Wildlife Service, US Department of the Interior},
author = {Cake, Edwin},
year = {1983},
}
@techreport{butler_summary_1954,
title = {Summary of our knowledge of the oyster in the {Gulf} of {Mexico}},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1969.3/20499},
abstract = {The biology of the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in the Gulf of Mexico is reviewed, with an emphasis on the biological and economic problems facing the Gulf oyster industry. Ecological factors determining the nature of oyster communities and reefs are outlined, including salinity, substrate and temperature. Life history information, such as reproduction, growth, commercialism, parasitism and predation is also considered, as is man's impact through over-harvesting, pollution and development. Three other species of oysters occurring in the Gulf are briefly mentioned.},
institution = {U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service},
author = {Butler, Phillip},
year = {1954},
}
@article{lauchlan_species_2020,
title = {Species range shifts along multistressor mosaics in estuarine environments under future climate},
volume = {21},
issn = {1467-2960, 1467-2979},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/faf.12412},
doi = {10.1111/faf.12412},
language = {en},
number = {1},
urldate = {2022-03-22},
journal = {Fish and Fisheries},
author = {Lauchlan, Shannon S. and Nagelkerken, Ivan},
month = jan,
year = {2020},
pages = {32--46},
}
@techreport{fischenich_application_2008,
address = {Vicksburg, Mississippi},
title = {The {Application} of {Conceptual} {Models} to {Ecosystem} {Restoration}},
url = {https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA477865.pdf},
abstract = {In its report to the Chief of Engineers, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USACE Environmental Advisory Board EAB recommended that USACE, EAB 2006 The Corps should encourage the explicit use of conceptual models to guide ecosystem restoration planning and implementation. Conceptual models should be required as a first step in the planning process, as they provide a key link between early planning e.g., an effective statement of problem, need, opportunity, and constraint and later evaluation and implementation. Conceptual models are descriptions of the general functional relationships among essential components of an ecosystem. They tell the story of how the system works and, in the case of ecosystem restoration, how restoration actions aim to alter those processes or attributes for the betterment of the system. As such, conceptual models can provide the Ecosystem Restoration Team with a synthesis of the current understanding of how a system works help in understanding and diagnosing the underlying problem a basis for isolating cause and effect and simplifying complex systems a common framework or mental picture from which to develop alternatives a tool for making qualitative predictions of ecosystem response a way to flag potential thresholds, from which system responses may accelerate or follow potentially unexpected or divergent paths a means by which to outline further restoration, RD, and computational efforts a supplement to numerical models for assessing project benefits and impacts a means of identifying appropriate monitoring indicators and metrics, and a basis for implementing adaptive management strategies Most professionals rely heavily upon conceptual models, but few explicitly formulate and express the models such that they provide broad utility for ecosystem restoration.},
number = {ERDC TN-EBA-TN-08-1},
institution = {ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB},
author = {Fischenich, Craig},
month = feb,
year = {2008},
pages = {24},
}
@article{schile_modeling_2014,
title = {Modeling {Tidal} {Marsh} {Distribution} with {Sea}-{Level} {Rise}: {Evaluating} the {Role} of {Vegetation}, {Sediment}, and {Upland} {Habitat} in {Marsh} {Resiliency}},
volume = {9},
issn = {1932-6203},
shorttitle = {Modeling {Tidal} {Marsh} {Distribution} with {Sea}-{Level} {Rise}},
url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088760},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0088760},
language = {en},
number = {2},
urldate = {2022-03-22},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
author = {Schile, Lisa M. and Callaway, John C. and Morris, James T. and Stralberg, Diana and Parker, V. Thomas and Kelly, Maggi},
editor = {Cebrian, Just},
month = feb,
year = {2014},
pages = {e88760},
file = {Full Text:C\:\\Users\\RDEL1VMM\\Zotero\\storage\\WJMNMX5N\\Schile et al. - 2014 - Modeling Tidal Marsh Distribution with Sea-Level R.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@techreport{gutzwiller_habitat_1987,
address = {Fort Collins, CO},
type = {Biological},
title = {Habitat suitability index models: marsh wren},
institution = {National Ecology Center, Fish and Wildlife Service, US Department of the Interior},
author = {Gutzwiller, Kevin and Anderson, Stanley},
year = {1987},
}
@article{rozas_rosubmerged_1988,
title = {The rôle of submerged aquatic vegetation in influencing the abundance of nekton on contiguous tidal fresh-water marshes},
volume = {114},
issn = {00220981},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/002209818890144X},
doi = {10.1016/0022-0981(88)90144-X},
language = {en},
number = {2-3},
urldate = {2022-03-18},
journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
author = {Rozas, Lawrence P. and Odum, William E.},
month = jan,
year = {1988},
pages = {289--300},
}
@article{anderson_marine_2021,
title = {Marine harmful algal blooms ({HABs}) in the {United} {States}: {History}, current status and future trends},
volume = {102},
issn = {15689883},
shorttitle = {Marine harmful algal blooms ({HABs}) in the {United} {States}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1568988321000020},
doi = {10.1016/j.hal.2021.101975},
language = {en},
urldate = {2022-03-10},
journal = {Harmful Algae},
author = {Anderson, Donald M. and Fensin, Elizabeth and Gobler, Christopher J. and Hoeglund, Alicia E. and Hubbard, Katherine A. and Kulis, David M. and Landsberg, Jan H. and Lefebvre, Kathi A. and Provoost, Pieter and Richlen, Mindy L. and Smith, Juliette L. and Solow, Andrew R. and Trainer, Vera L.},
month = feb,
year = {2021},
pages = {101975},
file = {Full Text:C\:\\Users\\RDEL1VMM\\Zotero\\storage\\ZITLUYGZ\\Anderson et al. - 2021 - Marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the United S.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{cloern_ecosystem_2017,
title = {Ecosystem variability along the estuarine salinity gradient: {Examples} from long‐term study of {San} {Francisco} {Bay}},
volume = {62},
issn = {0024-3590, 1939-5590},
shorttitle = {Ecosystem variability along the estuarine salinity gradient},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lno.10537},
doi = {10.1002/lno.10537},
language = {en},
number = {S1},
urldate = {2022-03-10},
journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
author = {Cloern, James E. and Jassby, Alan D. and Schraga, Tara S. and Nejad, Erica and Martin, Charles},
month = nov,
year = {2017},
file = {Full Text:C\:\\Users\\RDEL1VMM\\Zotero\\storage\\59QCJU53\\Cloern et al. - 2017 - Ecosystem variability along the estuarine salinity.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{smit_assessing_2021,
title = {Assessing marine ecosystem condition: {A} review to support indicator choice and framework development},
volume = {121},
issn = {1470160X},
shorttitle = {Assessing marine ecosystem condition},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X20310876},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107148},
language = {en},
urldate = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Ecological Indicators},
author = {Smit, Kaylee P. and Bernard, Anthony T.F. and Lombard, Amanda T. and Sink, Kerry J.},
month = feb,
year = {2021},
pages = {107148},
}
@article{byrnes_effects_2004,
title = {Effects of {Sand} {Mining} on {Physical} {Processes} and {Biological} {Communities} {Offshore} {New} {Jersey}, {U}.{S}.{A}.},
volume = {201},
issn = {0749-0208, 1551-5036},
url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2112/1551-5036%282004%2920%5B25%3AEOSMOP%5D2.0.CO%3B2},
doi = {10.2112/1551-5036(2004)20[25:EOSMOP]2.0.CO;2},
language = {en},
urldate = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
author = {Byrnes, Mark R. and Hammer, Richard M. and Thibaut, Tim D. and Snyder, David B.},
month = jan,
year = {2004},
pages = {25--43},
}
@techreport{banner_usfws_2001,
title = {{USFWS} {Gulf} of {Maine} {Watershed} {Habitat} {Analysis}},
institution = {Gulf of Maine Program},
author = {Banner, A and Schaller, S.},
year = {2001},
pages = {160},
}
@article{cerco_threedimensional_1993,
title = {Three‐{Dimensional} {Eutrophication} {Model} of {Chesapeake} {Bay}},
volume = {119},
issn = {0733-9372, 1943-7870},
url = {http://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-9372%281993%29119%3A6%281006%29},
doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1993)119:6(1006)},
language = {en},
number = {6},
urldate = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Journal of Environmental Engineering},
author = {Cerco, Carl F. and Cole, Thomas},
month = nov,
year = {1993},
pages = {1006--1025},
}
@article{talke_changing_2020,
title = {Changing {Tides}: {The} {Role} of {Natural} and {Anthropogenic} {Factors}},
volume = {12},
issn = {1941-1405, 1941-0611},
shorttitle = {Changing {Tides}},
url = {https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010727},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010727},
abstract = {Tides are changing worldwide at rates not explained by astronomical forcing. Rather, the observed evolution of tides and other long waves, such as storm surges, is influenced by shelf processes and changes to the roughness, depth, width, and length of embayments, estuaries, and tidal rivers. In this review, we focus on processes in estuaries and tidal rivers, because that is where the largest changes to tidal properties are occurring. Recent literature shows that changes in tidal amplitude have been ubiquitous worldwide over the past century, often in response to wetland reclamation, channel dredging, and other environmental changes. While tidal amplitude changes are sometimes slight ({\textless}1\%) or even negative, we identify two types of systems that are particularly prone to tidal amplification: ( a) shallow, strongly damped systems, in which a small increase in depth produces a large decrease in effective friction, and ( b) systems in which wave reflection and resonance are strongly influenced by changes to depth, friction, and convergence. The largest changes in amplitude occur inland, some distance from the coast, and can sometimes be measured in meters. Tide changes are a leading indicator that the dynamics of storm surges and river flood waves have also changed and are often associated with shifts in sediment transport, salinity intrusion, and ecosystem properties. Therefore, the dynamics of tidal evolution have major implications for coastal management, particularly for systems that are sensitive to changes in geometry induced by sea-level rise and anthropogenic development.},
language = {en},
number = {1},
urldate = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Annual Review of Marine Science},
author = {Talke, Stefan A. and Jay, David A.},
month = jan,
year = {2020},
pages = {121--151},
}
@article{anisfeld_upslope_2017,
title = {Upslope development of a tidal marsh as a function of upland land use},
volume = {23},
issn = {13541013},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.13398},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.13398},
language = {en},
number = {2},
urldate = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Global Change Biology},
author = {Anisfeld, Shimon C. and Cooper, Katharine R. and Kemp, Andrew C.},
month = feb,
year = {2017},
pages = {755--766},
}
@article{colombano_climate_2021,
title = {Climate {Change} {Implications} for {Tidal} {Marshes} and {Food} {Web} {Linkages} to {Estuarine} and {Coastal} {Nekton}},
volume = {44},
issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-020-00891-1},
doi = {10.1007/s12237-020-00891-1},
abstract = {Abstract
Climate change is altering naturally fluctuating environmental conditions in coastal and estuarine ecosystems across the globe. Departures from long-term averages and ranges of environmental variables are increasingly being observed as directional changes [e.g., rising sea levels, sea surface temperatures (SST)] and less predictable periodic cycles (e.g., Atlantic or Pacific decadal oscillations) and extremes (e.g., coastal flooding, marine heatwaves). Quantifying the short- and long-term impacts of climate change on tidal marsh seascape structure and function for nekton is a critical step toward fisheries conservation and management. The multiple stressor framework provides a promising approach for advancing integrative, cross-disciplinary research on tidal marshes and food web dynamics. It can be used to quantify climate change effects on and interactions between coastal oceans (e.g., SST, ocean currents, waves) and watersheds (e.g., precipitation, river flows), tidal marsh geomorphology (e.g., vegetation structure, elevation capital, sedimentation), and estuarine and coastal nekton (e.g., species distributions, life history adaptations, predator-prey dynamics). However, disentangling the cumulative impacts of multiple interacting stressors on tidal marshes, whether the effects are additive, synergistic, or antagonistic, and the time scales at which they occur, poses a significant research challenge. This perspective highlights the key physical and ecological processes affecting tidal marshes, with an emphasis on the trophic linkages between marsh production and estuarine and coastal nekton, recommended for consideration in future climate change studies. Such studies are urgently needed to understand climate change effects on tidal marshes now and into the future.},
language = {en},
number = {6},
urldate = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
author = {Colombano, Denise D. and Litvin, Steven Y. and Ziegler, Shelby L. and Alford, Scott B. and Baker, Ronald and Barbeau, Myriam A. and Cebrián, Just and Connolly, Rod M. and Currin, Carolyn A. and Deegan, Linda A. and Lesser, Justin S. and Martin, Charles W. and McDonald, Ashley E. and McLuckie, Catherine and Morrison, Blair H. and Pahl, James W. and Risse, L. Mark and Smith, Joseph A. M. and Staver, Lorie W. and Turner, R. Eugene and Waltham, Nathan J.},
month = sep,
year = {2021},
pages = {1637--1648},
file = {Full Text:C\:\\Users\\RDEL1VMM\\Zotero\\storage\\8ELEM34H\\Colombano et al. - 2021 - Climate Change Implications for Tidal Marshes and .pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{cotton_effects_2006,
title = {The effects of seasonal changes to in-stream vegetation cover on patterns of flow and accumulation of sediment},
volume = {77},
issn = {0169555X},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169555X06000201},
doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.010},
language = {en},
number = {3-4},
urldate = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Geomorphology},
author = {Cotton, J.A. and Wharton, G. and Bass, J.A.B. and Heppell, C.M. and Wotton, R.S.},
month = jul,
year = {2006},
pages = {320--334},
}
@article{li_wave-driven_2019,
title = {Wave-driven sediment resuspension and salt marsh frontal erosion alter the export of sediments from macro-tidal estuaries},
volume = {325},
issn = {0169555X},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169555X18304045},
doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.10.004},
language = {en},
urldate = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Geomorphology},
author = {Li, Xiaorong and Leonardi, Nicoletta and Plater, Andrew J.},
month = jan,
year = {2019},
pages = {17--28},
}
@article{hopkinson_lateral_2018,
title = {Lateral {Marsh} {Edge} {Erosion} as a {Source} of {Sediments} for {Vertical} {Marsh} {Accretion}},
volume = {123},
issn = {2169-8953, 2169-8961},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2017JG004358},
doi = {10.1029/2017JG004358},
language = {en},
number = {8},
urldate = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
author = {Hopkinson, Charles S. and Morris, James T. and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Raymond, Peter A.},
month = aug,
year = {2018},
pages = {2444--2465},
file = {Full Text:C\:\\Users\\RDEL1VMM\\Zotero\\storage\\TAWXBF4V\\Hopkinson et al. - 2018 - Lateral Marsh Edge Erosion as a Source of Sediment.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{walter_large-scale_2020,
title = {Large-scale erosion driven by intertidal eelgrass loss in an estuarine environment},
volume = {243},
issn = {02727714},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272771420303528},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106910},
language = {en},
urldate = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
author = {Walter, Ryan K. and O'Leary, Jennifer K. and Vitousek, Sean and Taherkhani, Mohsen and Geraghty, Carolyn and Kitajima, Ann},
month = sep,
year = {2020},
pages = {106910},
}
@article{ganju_spatially_2017,
title = {Spatially integrative metrics reveal hidden vulnerability of microtidal salt marshes},
volume = {8},
issn = {2041-1723},
url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14156},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms14156},
language = {en},
number = {1},
urldate = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Nature Communications},
author = {Ganju, Neil K. and Defne, Zafer and Kirwan, Matthew L. and Fagherazzi, Sergio and D’Alpaos, Andrea and Carniello, Luca},
month = apr,
year = {2017},
pages = {14156},
file = {Full Text:C\:\\Users\\RDEL1VMM\\Zotero\\storage\\P5LD66UE\\Ganju et al. - 2017 - Spatially integrative metrics reveal hidden vulner.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@incollection{nancy_jackson_armoring_2010,
title = {Armoring of {Estuarine} {Shorelines} and {Implications} for {Horseshoe} {Crabs} on {Developed} {Shorelines} in {Delaware} {Bay}},
url = {https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5254/pdf/sir20105254_chap20.pdf},
urldate = {2022-02-14},
booktitle = {Puget {Sound} {Shorelines} and the {Impacts} of {Armoring}—{Proceedings} of a {State} of the {Science} {Workshop}},
publisher = {USGS},
author = {{Nancy Jackson} and {Karl Nordstorm} and {David R. Smith}},
year = {2010},
}
@article{ralston_temperature_2014,
title = {Temperature dependence of an estuarine harmful algal bloom: {Resolving} interannual variability in bloom dynamics using a degree-day approach},
volume = {59},
issn = {00243590},
shorttitle = {Temperature dependence of an estuarine harmful algal bloom},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.4319/lo.2014.59.4.1112},
doi = {10.4319/lo.2014.59.4.1112},
language = {en},
number = {4},
urldate = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
author = {Ralston, David K. and Keafer, Bruce A. and Brosnahan, Michael L. and Anderson, Donald M.},
month = jul,
year = {2014},
pages = {1112--1126},
file = {Accepted Version:C\:\\Users\\RDEL1VMM\\Zotero\\storage\\VFXDF3ID\\Ralston et al. - 2014 - Temperature dependence of an estuarine harmful alg.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{ralston_sediment_2013,
title = {Sediment transport due to extreme events: {The} {Hudson} {River} estuary after tropical storms {Irene} and {Lee}: {RALSTON} {SEDIMENT} {TRANSPORT} {DUE} {TO} {EXTREME} {EVENTS}},
volume = {40},
issn = {00948276},
shorttitle = {Sediment transport due to extreme events},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2013GL057906},
doi = {10.1002/2013GL057906},
language = {en},
number = {20},
urldate = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
author = {Ralston, David K. and Warner, John C. and Geyer, W. Rockwell and Wall, Gary R.},
month = oct,
year = {2013},
pages = {5451--5455},
file = {Full Text:C\:\\Users\\RDEL1VMM\\Zotero\\storage\\PY2QHHKJ\\Ralston et al. - 2013 - Sediment transport due to extreme events The Huds.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{palinkas_sediment_2014,
title = {Sediment deposition from tropical storms in the upper {Chesapeake} {Bay}: {Field} observations and model simulations},
volume = {86},
issn = {02784343},
shorttitle = {Sediment deposition from tropical storms in the upper {Chesapeake} {Bay}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0278434313003063},
doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2013.09.012},
language = {en},
urldate = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
author = {Palinkas, Cindy M. and Halka, Jeffrey P. and Li, Ming and Sanford, Lawrence P. and Cheng, Peng},
month = sep,
year = {2014},
pages = {6--16},
}
@article{prosser_impacts_2018,
title = {Impacts of {Coastal} {Land} {Use} and {Shoreline} {Armoring} on {Estuarine} {Ecosystems}: an {Introduction} to a {Special} {Issue}},
volume = {41},
issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
shorttitle = {Impacts of {Coastal} {Land} {Use} and {Shoreline} {Armoring} on {Estuarine} {Ecosystems}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-017-0331-1},
doi = {10.1007/s12237-017-0331-1},
abstract = {Abstract
The nearshore land-water interface is an important ecological zone that faces anthropogenic pressure from development in coastal regions throughout the world. Coastal waters and estuaries like Chesapeake Bay receive and process land discharges loaded with anthropogenic nutrients and other pollutants that cause eutrophication, hypoxia, and other damage to shallow-water ecosystems. In addition, shorelines are increasingly armored with bulkhead (seawall), riprap, and other structures to protect human infrastructure against the threats of sea-level rise, storm surge, and erosion. Armoring can further influence estuarine and nearshore marine ecosystem functions by degrading water quality, spreading invasive species, and destroying ecologically valuable habitat. These detrimental effects on ecosystem function have ramifications for ecologically and economically important flora and fauna. This special issue of
Estuaries and Coasts
explores the interacting effects of coastal land use and shoreline armoring on estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems. The majority of papers focus on the Chesapeake Bay region, USA, where 50 major tributaries and an extensive watershed ({\textasciitilde} 167,000 km
2
), provide an ideal model to examine the impacts of human activities at scales ranging from the local shoreline to the entire watershed. The papers consider the influence of watershed land use and natural versus armored shorelines on ecosystem properties and processes as well as on key natural resources.},
language = {en},
number = {S1},
urldate = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
author = {Prosser, Diann J. and Jordan, Thomas E. and Nagel, Jessica L. and Seitz, Rochelle D. and Weller, Donald E. and Whigham, Dennis F.},
month = sep,
year = {2018},
pages = {2--18},
file = {Full Text:C\:\\Users\\RDEL1VMM\\Zotero\\storage\\WQSMA78W\\Prosser et al. - 2018 - Impacts of Coastal Land Use and Shoreline Armoring.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{voinov_modelling_2010,
title = {Modelling with stakeholders☆},
volume = {25},
issn = {13648152},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364815210000538},
doi = {10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.03.007},
language = {en},
number = {11},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
journal = {Environmental Modelling \& Software},
author = {Voinov, Alexey and Bousquet, Francois},
month = nov,
year = {2010},
pages = {1268--1281},
}
@article{van_den_belt_mediated_2006,
title = {Mediated {Modeling} of the {Impacts} of {Enhanced} {UV}-{B} {Radiation} on {Ecosystem} {Services}},
volume = {82},
issn = {0031-8655},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1562/2005-10-19-IR-722},
doi = {10.1562/2005-10-19-IR-722},
language = {en},
number = {4},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
journal = {Photochemistry and Photobiology},
author = {van den Belt, Marjan and Bianciotto, Oscar A. and Costanza, Robert and Demers, Serge and Diaz, Susana and Ferreyra, Gustavo A. and Koch, Evamaria W. and Momo, Fernando R. and Vernet, Maria},
year = {2006},
pages = {865},
}
@book{van_den_belt_mediated_2004,
address = {Washington, D.C},
title = {Mediated modeling: a system dynamics approach to environmental consensus building},
isbn = {978-1-55963-961-3 978-1-55963-960-6},
shorttitle = {Mediated modeling},
publisher = {Island},
author = {Van den Belt, Marjan},
year = {2004},
annote = {Includes bibliographical references and index. - Formerly CIP},
}
@techreport{us_fish_and_wildlife_service_usfws_significant_1997,
address = {Charlestown, Rhode Island},
title = {Significant {Habitats} and {Habitat} {Complexes} of the {New} {York} {Bight} {Watershed}},
url = {https://nctc.fws.gov/pubs5/web_link/text/toc.htm},
institution = {Southern New England - New York Bight Coastal Ecosystems Program},
author = {U.S. Fish {and} Wildlife Service (USFWS)},
year = {1997},
}
@techreport{us_army_corps_of_engineers_assuring_2011,
address = {Washington, D.C.},
title = {{ASSURING} {QUALITY} {OF} {PLANNING} {MODELS}},
url = {https://planning.erdc.dren.mil/toolbox/library/ECs/EC_1105-2-412_2011Mar.pdf},
number = {EC 1105-2-412},
institution = {DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY},
author = {U.S. Army Corps of Engineers},
month = mar,
year = {2011},
}
@incollection{twilley_formulation_nodate,
title = {Formulation of the {LCA} ecosystem model, in {Hydrodynamic} and ecological modeling, {Louisiana} {Coastal} {Area} ({LCA})—{Louisiana} ecosystem restoration plan {Appendix} {C}. {Chapter} 2},
volume = {4},
abstract = {The Louisiana Coastal Area (LCA) Ecosystem Model was developed to establish a process to evaluate the various alternatives proposed to rehabilitate coastal Louisiana utilizing the concepts of restoration science described in chapter C.1. An intense effort was initiated to develop ecosystem models to support the planning and evaluation processes of the LCA Ecosystem Restoration Plan. This chapter presents the formation of the LCA Modeling Team, describes the development of this LCA Ecosystem Model, and provides an overview of the database framework development. Detailed descriptions of specific model components are discussed in subsequent chapters.},
booktitle = {Louisiana {Coastal} {Area} {Study}},
author = {Twilley, Robert and Barras, John},
}
@techreport{swannack_ecological_2012,
address = {Vicksburg, Mississippi},
type = {Technical {Report}},
title = {Ecological {Modeling} {Guide} for {Ecosystem} {Restoration} and {Management}},
url = {https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA572123},
abstract = {Ecological models are important tools for planning ecosystem restoration and management activities. Models help to organize our thinking, conceptualize our understanding of complex systems, and forecast environmental benefits that may result from proposed restoration and management actions. This report provides information to guide environmental planers in selection, development, evaluation and documentation of ecological models. A number of critical issues are addressed, including specifying objectives and formulating a sound conceptual model, choosing among types of models, deciding when to develop a new model, systematically evaluating the quantitative model, addressing parameter and model uncertainty, developing sections of the model through iteration, analyzing alternatives and documenting results. Quantitative modeling is shown to be a dynamic process that is best served using an iterative approach. In practice, individual parts of a conceptual model are quantified and evaluated in a stepwise fashion until the entire model is captured quantitatively. This iterative approach creates transparency in model development, which can remove the black-box stigma that has been associated with the use of models in the environmental sciences.},
number = {ERDC/EL TR-12-18},
institution = {Army Engineer Research and Development Center},
author = {Swannack, Todd M. and Fischbach, Jordan and Tazik, David J.},
month = aug,
year = {2012},
}
@article{schmolke_ecological_2010,
title = {Ecological models supporting environmental decision making: a strategy for the future},
volume = {25},
issn = {01695347},
shorttitle = {Ecological models supporting environmental decision making},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S016953471000100X},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2010.05.001},
language = {en},
number = {8},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
journal = {Trends in Ecology \& Evolution},
author = {Schmolke, Amelie and Thorbek, Pernille and DeAngelis, Donald L. and Grimm, Volker},
month = aug,
year = {2010},
pages = {479--486},
}
@techreport{savant_three-dimensional_2014,
address = {Vicksburg, Mississippi},
type = {Technical {Report}},
title = {Three-{Dimensional} {Shallow}-{Water} {Adaptive} {Hydraulics} ({ADH}-{SW3}): {Hydrodynamic} {Verification} and {Validation}},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11681/8602},
abstract = {The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) has undertaken the development of the multi-module Adaptive Hydraulics (ADH) hydrodynamic, sediment, water quality and transport numerical code. As a natural progression of this development process, verification of ADH was performed to known solutions for the basic physics contained in the numerical code. This report documents verification and validation of the model performed by applying the model to several analytic and flume experiments. These tests were designed to ensure that the ADH-SW3 is solving the pertinent equations accurately.},
number = {ERDC TR ; 14-7.},
institution = {Army Engineer Research and Development Center},
author = {Savant, G. and Berger, R.C. and McAlpin, T.O. and Trahan, C.J.},
year = {2014},
}
@article{raposa_assessing_2016,
title = {Assessing tidal marsh resilience to sea-level rise at broad geographic scales with multi-metric indices},
volume = {204},
issn = {00063207},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320716305742},
doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2016.10.015},
language = {en},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
journal = {Biological Conservation},
author = {Raposa, Kenneth B. and Wasson, Kerstin and Smith, Erik and Crooks, Jeffrey A. and Delgado, Patricia and Fernald, Sarah H. and Ferner, Matthew C. and Helms, Alicia and Hice, Lyndie A. and Mora, Jordan W. and Puckett, Brandon and Sanger, Denise and Shull, Suzanne and Spurrier, Lindsay and Stevens, Rachel and Lerberg, Scott},
month = dec,
year = {2016},
pages = {263--275},
file = {Full Text:C\:\\Users\\RDEL1VMM\\Zotero\\storage\\UDGQKS5C\\Raposa et al. - 2016 - Assessing tidal marsh resilience to sea-level rise.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{propato_evaluating_2018,
title = {Evaluating the costs and benefits of marsh-management strategies while accounting for uncertain sea-level rise and ecosystem response},
volume = {13},
issn = {1932-6203},
url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200368},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0200368},
language = {en},
number = {8},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
journal = {PLOS ONE},
author = {Propato, Marco and Clough, Jonathan S. and Polaczyk, Amy},
editor = {Chapman, Maura (Gee) Geraldine},
month = aug,
year = {2018},
pages = {e0200368},
file = {Full Text:C\:\\Users\\RDEL1VMM\\Zotero\\storage\\IM6NXFHP\\Propato et al. - 2018 - Evaluating the costs and benefits of marsh-managem.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{pringle_hydrologic_2001,
title = {{HYDROLOGIC} {CONNECTIVITY} {AND} {THE} {MANAGEMENT} {OF} {BIOLOGICAL} {RESERVES}: {A} {GLOBAL} {PERSPECTIVE}},
volume = {11},
issn = {1051-0761},
shorttitle = {{HYDROLOGIC} {CONNECTIVITY} {AND} {THE} {MANAGEMENT} {OF} {BIOLOGICAL} {RESERVES}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0981:HCATMO]2.0.CO;2},
doi = {10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0981:HCATMO]2.0.CO;2},
language = {en},
number = {4},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
journal = {Ecological Applications},
author = {Pringle, Catherine M.},
month = aug,
year = {2001},
pages = {981--998},
}
@article{morris_responses_2002,
title = {{RESPONSES} {OF} {COASTAL} {WETLANDS} {TO} {RISING} {SEA} {LEVEL}},
volume = {83},
issn = {0012-9658},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2869:ROCWTR]2.0.CO;2},
doi = {10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2869:ROCWTR]2.0.CO;2},
language = {en},
number = {10},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
journal = {Ecology},
author = {Morris, James T. and Sundareshwar, P. V. and Nietch, Christopher T. and Kjerfve, Björn and Cahoon, D. R.},
month = oct,
year = {2002},
pages = {2869--2877},
}
@incollection{montagna_conceptual_2013,
address = {New York, NY},
title = {Conceptual {Model} of {Estuary} {Ecosystems}},
volume = {8},
isbn = {978-1-4614-5832-6 978-1-4614-5833-3},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4614-5833-3_2},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
booktitle = {Hydrological {Changes} and {Estuarine} {Dynamics}},
publisher = {Springer New York},
author = {Montagna, Paul A. and Palmer, Terence A. and Beseres Pollack, Jennifer},
collaborator = {Montagna, Paul A. and Palmer, Terence A. and Beseres Pollack, Jennifer},
year = {2013},
doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-5833-3_2},
note = {Series Title: SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science},
pages = {5--21},
}
@article{mckinney_assessing_2009,
title = {Assessing the wildlife habitat value of {New} {England} salt marshes: {I}. {Model} and application},
volume = {154},
issn = {0167-6369, 1573-2959},
shorttitle = {Assessing the wildlife habitat value of {New} {England} salt marshes},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10661-008-0375-6},
doi = {10.1007/s10661-008-0375-6},
language = {en},
number = {1-4},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
journal = {Environmental Monitoring and Assessment},
author = {McKinney, Richard A. and Charpentier, Michael A. and Wigand, Cathleen},
month = jul,
year = {2009},
pages = {29--40},
}
@article{mckinney_assessing_2009-1,
title = {Assessing the wildlife habitat value of {New} {England} salt marshes: {II}. {Model} testing and validation},
volume = {154},
issn = {0167-6369, 1573-2959},
shorttitle = {Assessing the wildlife habitat value of {New} {England} salt marshes},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10661-008-0403-6},
doi = {10.1007/s10661-008-0403-6},
language = {en},
number = {1-4},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
journal = {Environmental Monitoring and Assessment},
author = {McKinney, Richard A. and Charpentier, Michael A. and Wigand, Cathleen},
month = jul,
year = {2009},
pages = {361--371},
}
@techreport{mckay_aligning_2019,
address = {Vicksburg, Mississippi},
title = {Aligning {Ecological} {Model} {Development} with {Restoration} {Project} {Planning}},
abstract = {Models contribute vitally to ecosystem conservation and restoration decision-making. Restoration project planning in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USACE may proceed rapidly from project conception to feasibility-level design through a series of sequential decisions, which iteratively articulate the federal interest, quantify the benefits and costs of competing management actions, and reduce uncertainty in project outcomes. In this process, numerical tools are applied to purposes as diverse as enhancing understanding of complex ecological processes, comparing alternative management actions, and building trust and buy-in among stakeholders. Owing to the relatively short planning horizon typically three years and high complexity of USACE projects typically large-scale or watershed-scale actions, there is a perception that ecological models cannot be developed during project planning. This technical note addresses this misconception through three mechanisms. First, the ecological model development process is presented along with examples of modeling misconceptions observed in other agencies and management contexts. Second, common uses of ecological models are explicitly mapped to the USACE planning processes, timelines, and milestones. Third, an example of ecological model development and review is presented for an ongoing USACE watershed restoration study in Proctor Creek, Atlanta, Georgia. From these three lines of evidence, we conclude that ecological model development is not only possible in USACE studies, it is integral and complementary to the goals of the agencys planning process.},
number = {ERDC/TN EMRRP-SR-89},
institution = {Army Engineer Research and Development Center},
author = {McKay, S. Kyle and Richards, Nate and Swannack, Todd S.},
year = {2019},
}
@article{mckay_informing_2017,
title = {Informing {Watershed} {Connectivity} {Barrier} {Prioritization} {Decisions}: {A} {Synthesis}: {Synthesizing} {Barrier} {Prioritization}},
volume = {33},
issn = {15351459},
shorttitle = {Informing {Watershed} {Connectivity} {Barrier} {Prioritization} {Decisions}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rra.3021},
doi = {10.1002/rra.3021},
language = {en},
number = {6},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
journal = {River Research and Applications},
author = {McKay, S. K. and Cooper, A. R. and Diebel, M. W. and Elkins, D. and Oldford, G. and Roghair, C. and Wieferich, D.},
month = jul,
year = {2017},
pages = {847--862},
}
@article{morley_ecological_2012,
title = {Ecological {Effects} of {Shoreline} {Armoring} on {Intertidal} {Habitats} of a {Puget} {Sound} {Urban} {Estuary}},
volume = {35},
issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-012-9481-3},
doi = {10.1007/s12237-012-9481-3},
language = {en},
number = {3},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
author = {Morley, Sarah A. and Toft, Jason D. and Hanson, Karrie M.},
month = may,
year = {2012},
pages = {774--784},
file = {Full Text:C\:\\Users\\RDEL1VMM\\Zotero\\storage\\MPNSYZK2\\Morley et al. - 2012 - Ecological Effects of Shoreline Armoring on Intert.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{kittinger_shoreline_2010,
title = {Shoreline {Armoring}, {Risk} {Management}, and {Coastal} {Resilience} {Under} {Rising} {Seas}},
volume = {38},
issn = {0892-0753, 1521-0421},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08920753.2010.529038},
doi = {10.1080/08920753.2010.529038},
language = {en},
number = {6},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
journal = {Coastal Management},
author = {Kittinger, John N. and Ayers, Adam L.},
month = nov,
year = {2010},
pages = {634--653},
}
@article{jackson_physical_2008,
title = {Physical and chemical changes in the foreshore of an estuarine beach: implications for viability and development of horseshoe crab {Limulus} polyphemus eggs},
volume = {355},
issn = {0171-8630, 1616-1599},
shorttitle = {Physical and chemical changes in the foreshore of an estuarine beach},
url = {http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v355/p209-218/},
doi = {10.3354/meps07211},
language = {en},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
author = {Jackson, Nl and Smith, Dr and Nordstrom, Kf},
month = feb,
year = {2008},
pages = {209--218},
file = {Full Text:C\:\\Users\\RDEL1VMM\\Zotero\\storage\\BNC8E6L3\\Jackson et al. - 2008 - Physical and chemical changes in the foreshore of .pdf:application/pdf},
}
@book{hijmans_spatial_2021,
title = {Spatial {Data} {Analysis} with {R}},
url = {https://rspatial.org/terra/analysis/analysis.pdf},
abstract = {In this section we introduce a number of approaches and techniques that are commonly used in spatial data analysis
and modelling.
Spatial data are mostly like other data. The same general principles apply. But there are few things that are rather
important to consider when using spatial data that are not common with other data types. These are discussed in
Chapters 2 and 3 and include issues of scale and zonation (the modifiable areal unit problem), distance and spatial
autocorrelation.
The other chapters, introduce methods in different areas of spatial data analysis. These include the three classical area
of spatial statistics (point pattern analysis, regression and inference with spatial data, geostatistics (interpolation using
Kriging), as well some other methods (local and global regression and classification with spatial data).
Some of the material presented here is based on examples in the book “Geographic Information Analysis” by David
O’Sullivan and David J. Unwin. This book provides an excellent and very accessible introduction to spatial data
analysis. It has much more depth than what we present here. But the book does not show how to practically implement
the approaches that are discussed — which is the main purpose of this website.
The spatial statistical methods are treated in much more detail in “Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R” by Bivand,
Pebesma and Gómez-Rubio.
This section builds on our Introduction to Spatial Data Manipulation R, that you should read first.},
author = {Hijmans, Robert J. and Ghosh, Aniruddha},
year = {2021},
}
@article{herman_unpacking_2019,
title = {Unpacking the {Black} {Box}: {Demystifying} {Ecological} {Models} {Through} {Interactive} {Workshops} and {Hands}-{On} {Learning}},
volume = {7},
issn = {2296-665X},
shorttitle = {Unpacking the {Black} {Box}},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00122/full},
doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2019.00122},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
author = {Herman, Brook D. and McKay, S. Kyle and Altman, Safra and Richards, Nathan S. and Reif, Molly and Piercy, Candice D. and Swannack, Todd M.},
month = oct,
year = {2019},
pages = {122},
file = {Full Text:C\:\\Users\\RDEL1VMM\\Zotero\\storage\\4M5VEXX8\\Herman et al. - 2019 - Unpacking the Black Box Demystifying Ecological M.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@incollection{hall_mediated_2019,
title = {Mediated {Modeling} and {Participatory} {Modeling}},
isbn = {978-0-444-64130-4},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780124095489105743},
language = {en},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of {Ecology}},
publisher = {Elsevier},
author = {Hall, Damon M. and Lazarus, Eli D. and Thompson, Jessica L.},
year = {2019},
doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.10574-3},
pages = {129--135},
}
@book{gray_environmental_2017,
title = {Environmental {Modeling} with {Stakeholders} {Theory}, {Methods}, and {Applications}},
isbn = {978-3-319-25053-3},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25053-3},
language = {German},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
author = {Gray, Steven and Paolisso, Michael and Jordan, Rebecca and Gray, Stefan and {Springer International Publishing}},
year = {2017},
note = {OCLC: 968241465},
}
@book{grant_ecological_2008,
address = {Malden (Mass.)},
title = {Ecological modeling: a common-sense approach to theory and practice},
isbn = {978-1-4051-6168-8},
shorttitle = {Ecological modeling},
language = {eng},
publisher = {Blackwell},
author = {Grant, William Edward and Swannack, Todd M.},
year = {2008},
}
@article{gardner_is_2021,
title = {Is shoreline armoring a response to marsh migration? {Modeling} relationships between coastal marshes and private adaptation decisions},
volume = {36},
issn = {22124284},
shorttitle = {Is shoreline armoring a response to marsh migration?},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2212428421000116},
doi = {10.1016/j.wre.2021.100187},
language = {en},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
journal = {Water Resources and Economics},
author = {Gardner, George and Johnston, Robert J.},
month = oct,
year = {2021},
pages = {100187},
}
@book{fischbach_building_2018,
title = {Building {Resilience} in an {Urban} {Coastal} {Environment}: {Integrated}, {Science}-{Based} {Planning} in {Jamaica} {Bay}, {New} {York}},
isbn = {978-1-977401-14-4},
shorttitle = {Building {Resilience} in an {Urban} {Coastal} {Environment}},
url = {https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2193.html},
language = {en},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
publisher = {RAND Corporation},
author = {Fischbach, Jordan and Knopman, Debra and Smith, Heather and Orton, Philip and Sanderson, Eric and Fisher, Kim and Moray, Nerissa and Friedberg, Adam and Parris, Adam},
year = {2018},
doi = {10.7249/RR2193},
}
@article{dugan_generalizing_2018,
title = {Generalizing {Ecological} {Effects} of {Shoreline} {Armoring} {Across} {Soft} {Sediment} {Environments}},
volume = {41},
issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-017-0254-x},
doi = {10.1007/s12237-017-0254-x},
abstract = {Abstract
Despite its widespread use, the ecological effects of shoreline armoring are poorly synthesized and difficult to generalize across soft sediment environments and structure types. We developed a conceptual model that scales predicted ecological effects of shore-parallel armoring based on two axes: engineering purpose of structure (reduce/slow velocities or prevent/stop flow of waves and currents) and hydrodynamic energy (e.g., tides, currents, waves) of soft sediment environments. We predicted greater ecological impacts for structures intended to stop as opposed to slow water flow and with increasing hydrodynamic energy of the environment. We evaluated our predictions with a literature review of effects of shoreline armoring for six possible ecological responses (habitat distribution, species assemblages, trophic structure, nutrient cycling, productivity, and connectivity). The majority of studies were in low-energy environments (51 of 88), and a preponderance addressed changes in two ecological responses associated with armoring: habitat distribution and species assemblages. Across the 207 armoring effects studied, 71\% were significantly negative, 22\% were significantly positive, and 7\% reported no significant difference. Ecological responses varied with engineering purpose of structures, with a higher frequency of negative responses for structures designed to stop water flow within a given hydrodynamic energy level. Comparisons across the hydrodynamic energy axis were less clear-cut, but negative responses prevailed ({\textgreater}78\%) in high-energy environments. These results suggest that generalizations of ecological responses to armoring across a range of environmental contexts are possible and that the proposed conceptual model is useful for generating predictions of the direction and relative ecological impacts of shoreline armoring in soft sediment ecosystems.},
language = {en},
number = {S1},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
author = {Dugan, J. E. and Emery, K. A. and Alber, M. and Alexander, C. R. and Byers, J. E. and Gehman, A. M. and McLenaghan, N. and Sojka, S. E.},
month = sep,
year = {2018},
pages = {180--196},
file = {Full Text:C\:\\Users\\RDEL1VMM\\Zotero\\storage\\B3LK8RF5\\Dugan et al. - 2018 - Generalizing Ecological Effects of Shoreline Armor.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@book{cowardin_classification_1979,
address = {Washington, D.C.},
title = {Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the {United} {States}},
url = {https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/documents/classwet/index.html},
abstract = {This classification, to be used in a new inventory of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States, is intended to describe ecological taxa, arrange them in a system useful to resource managers, furnish units for mapping, and provide uniformity of concepts and terms. Wetlands are defined by plants (hydrophytes), soils (hydric soils), and frequency of flooding. Ecologically related areas of deep water, traditionally not considered wetlands, are included in the classification as deepwater habitats.
Systems form the highest level of the classification hierarchy; five are defined--Marine, Estuarine, Riverine, Lacustrine, and Palustrine. Marine and Estuarine Systems each have two Subsystems, Subtidal and Intertidal; the Riverine System has four Subsystems, Tidal, Lower Perennial, Upper Perennial, and Intermittent; the Lacustrine has two, Littoral and Limnetic; and the Palustrine has no Subsystems.
Within the Subsystems, Classes are based on substrate material and flooding regime, or on vegetative life form. The same Classes may appear under one or more of the Systems or Subsystems. Six Classes are based on substrate and flooding regime: (1) Rock Bottom with a substrate of bedrock, boulders, or stones; (2) Unconsolidated Bottom with a substrate of cobbles, gravel, sand, mud, or organic material; (3) Rocky Shore with the same substrates as Rock Bottom; (4) Unconsolidated Shore with the same substrates as Unconsolidated Bottom; (5) Streambed with any of the substrates; and (6) Reef with a substrate composed of the living and dead remains of invertebrates (corals, mollusks, or worms). The bottom Classes, (1) and (2) above, are flooded all or most of the time and the shore Classes, (3) and (4), are exposed most of the time. The Class Streambed is restricted to channels of intermittent streams and tidal channels that are dewatered at low tide. The life form of the dominant vegetation defines the five Classes based on vegetative form: (1) Aquatic Bed, dominated by plants that grow principally on or below the surface of the water; (2) Moss-Lichen Wetland, dominated by mosses or lichens; (3) Emergent Wetland, dominated by emergent herbaceous angiosperms; (4) Scrub-Shrub Wetland, dominated by shrubs or small trees; and (5) Forested Wetland, dominated by large trees.
The Dominance Type, which is named for the dominant plant or animal forms, is the lowest level of the classification hierarchy. Only examples are provided for this level; Dominance Types must be developed by individual users of the classification.
Modifying terms applied to the Classes or Subclasses are essential for use of the system. In tidal areas, the type and duration of flooding are described by four Water Regime Modifiers: subtidal, irregularly exposed, regularly flooded, and irregularly flooded. In nontidal areas, eight Regimes are used: permanently flooded, intermittently exposed, semipermanently flooded, seasonally flooded, saturated, temporarily flooded, intermittently flooded, and artificially flooded. A hierarchical system of Water Chemistry Modifiers, adapted from the Venice System, is used to describe the salinity of the water. Fresh waters are further divided on the basis of pH. Use of a hierarchical system of soil modifiers taken directly from U.S. soil taxonomy is also required. Special modifiers are used where appropriate: excavated, impounded, diked, partly drained, farmed, and artificial.
Regional differences important to wetland ecology are described through a regionalization that combines a system developed for inland areas by R. G. Bailey in 1976 with our Marine and Estuarine provinces.
The structure of the classification allows it to be used at any of several hierarchical levels. Special data required for detailed application of the system are frequently unavailable, and thus data gathering may be prerequisite to classification. Development of rules by the user will be required for specific map scales. Dominance Types and relationships of plant and animal communities to environmental characteristics must also be developed by users of the classification. Keys to the Systems and Classes are furnished as a guide, and numerous wetlands and deepwater habitats are illustrated and classified. The classification system is also compared with several other systems currently in use in the United States.},
publisher = {U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service},
author = {Cowardin, Lewis M. and Carter, Virginia and Golet, Francis C. and LaRoe, Edward T.},
year = {1979},
}
@article{clough_modeling_2016,
title = {Modeling the potential effects of sea-level rise on the coast of {New} {York}: {Integrating} mechanistic accretion and stochastic uncertainty},
volume = {84},
issn = {13648152},
shorttitle = {Modeling the potential effects of sea-level rise on the coast of {New} {York}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364815216302705},
doi = {10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.06.023},
language = {en},
urldate = {2022-02-06},
journal = {Environmental Modelling \& Software},
author = {Clough, Jonathan and Polaczyk, Amy and Propato, Marco},
month = oct,
year = {2016},
pages = {349--362},
}
@article{pasternack_biogeomorphology_2000,
series = {The {Society} of {Wetland} {Scientists}},
title = {{BIOGEOMORPHOLOGY} {OF} {AN} {UPPER} {CHESAPEAKE} {BAY} {RIVER}-{MOUTH} {TIDAL} {FRESHWATER} {MARSH}},
volume = {20},
url = {https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020%3C0520:BOAUCB%3E2.0.CO;2.pdf},
abstract = {Field mapping and monitoring of vegetation, sedimentation patterns, substrate characteristics, and
geomorphology in the Bush River tributary to upper Chesapeake Bay has been conducted since 1991 to
ascertain the process-morphology dynamics in a tidal freshwater marsh. Nine plant associations from 5
distinct marsh habitats were identified by clustering species abundance measurements from 115 quadrats
throughout an 84-hectare area. High spatial variability in physical habitat conditions such as summer-average
sediment deposition, summer-average organic content, and surface-sediment grain size distributions were
explainable using combinations of independent variables, including elevation, plant distributions, and distances to the tidal inlet and an adjacent stream. Sedimentation and vegetation were both observed to show
a predictable response to disturbance by animal activity.},
number = {3},
author = {Pasternack, Gregory B and Hilgartner, William B and Brush, Grace},
month = sep,
year = {2000},
pages = {520--537},
}
@article{swannack_robust_2014,
title = {A {Robust}, {Spatially} {Explicit} {Model} for {Identifying} {Oyster} {Restoration} {Sites}: {Case} {Studies} on the {Atlantic} and {Gulf} {Coasts}},
volume = {33},
issn = {0730-8000, 1943-6319},
shorttitle = {A {Robust}, {Spatially} {Explicit} {Model} for {Identifying} {Oyster} {Restoration} {Sites}},
url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2983/035.033.0208},
doi = {10.2983/035.033.0208},
language = {en},
number = {2},
urldate = {2022-03-28},
journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
author = {Swannack, Todd M. and Reif, Molly and Soniat, Thomas M.},
month = sep,
year = {2014},
pages = {395--408},
}
@article{soniat_understanding_2012,
title = {Understanding the {Success} and {Failure} of {Oyster} {Populations}: {Periodicities} of \textit{{Perkinsus} marinus} , and {Oyster} {Recruitment}, {Mortality}, and {Size}},
volume = {31},
issn = {0730-8000},
shorttitle = {Understanding the {Success} and {Failure} of {Oyster} {Populations}},
url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2983/035.031.0307},
doi = {10.2983/035.031.0307},
language = {en},
number = {3},
urldate = {2022-03-28},
journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
author = {Soniat, Thomas M. and Klinck, John M. and Powell, Eric N. and Hofmann, Eileen E.},
month = aug,
year = {2012},
pages = {635--646},
}
@article{van_nes_charisma_2003,
title = {Charisma: a spatial explicit simulation model of submerged macrophytes},
volume = {159},
issn = {03043800},
shorttitle = {Charisma},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304380002002752},
doi = {10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00275-2},
language = {en},
number = {2-3},
urldate = {2022-03-28},
journal = {Ecological Modelling},
author = {van Nes, Egbert H. and Scheffer, Marten and van den Berg, Marcel S. and Coops, Hugo},
month = jan,
year = {2003},
pages = {103--116},
}
@article{atkin_thermal_2003,
title = {Thermal acclimation and the dynamic response of plant respiration to temperature},
volume = {8},
issn = {13601385},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1360138503001365},
doi = {10.1016/S1360-1385(03)00136-5},
language = {en},
number = {7},
urldate = {2022-03-28},
journal = {Trends in Plant Science},
author = {Atkin, O},
month = jul,
year = {2003},
pages = {343--351},
}
@article{jensen_psi-k_2000,
title = {The {PSI}-{K} {Subunit} of {Photosystem} {I} {Is} {Involved} in the {Interaction} between {Light}-harvesting {Complex} {I} and the {Photosystem} {I} {Reaction} {Center} {Core}},
volume = {275},
issn = {00219258},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S002192581962226X},
doi = {10.1074/jbc.M000550200},
language = {en},
number = {32},
urldate = {2022-03-28},
journal = {Journal of Biological Chemistry},
author = {Jensen, Poul Erik and Gilpin, Margaret and Knoetzel, Jürgen and Scheller, Henrik Vibe},
month = aug,
year = {2000},
pages = {24701--24708},
file = {Full Text:C\:\\Users\\RDEL1VMM\\Zotero\\storage\\TNNNMZYD\\Jensen et al. - 2000 - The PSI-K Subunit of Photosystem I Is Involved in .pdf:application/pdf},
}
@techreport{carreker_habitat_1985,
type = {Biological},
title = {Habitat suitability index models: least tern},
institution = {Western Energy and Land Use Team, Division of Biological Services, Research and Development, Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Interior},
author = {Carreker, R.G.},