basic_stuff_with_chatgpt_api.ipynb

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  "cells": [
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "Playing with the Chatgpt api to understand the working of the popular ChatGPT."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "GNgmu7c16Ly0"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "\n",
        "#### Load the API key and relevant Python libaries."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "DBRGquet_pVB"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "!pip install openai"
      ],
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      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "!pip install python-dotenv"
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            "Looking in indexes: https://pypi.org/simple, https://us-python.pkg.dev/colab-wheels/public/simple/\n",
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          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "import openai\n",
        "import os\n",
        "\n",
        "from dotenv import load_dotenv, find_dotenv\n",
        "_ = load_dotenv(find_dotenv())\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "openai.api_key_path= '/content/h.txt'"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "12WLF6e9_zuv"
      },
      "execution_count": 7,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "#### helper function\n",
        "We are using OpenAI's `gpt-3.5-turbo` model and the [chat completions endpoint](https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/chat). \n",
        "\n",
        "This helper function will make it easier to use prompts and look at the generated outputs:"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "kcgEj0dA_5gn"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "def get_completion(prompt, model=\"gpt-3.5-turbo\"):\n",
        "    messages = [{\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": prompt}]\n",
        "    response = openai.ChatCompletion.create(\n",
        "        model=model,\n",
        "        messages=messages,\n",
        "        temperature=0, # this is the degree of randomness of the model's output\n",
        "    )\n",
        "    return response.choices[0].message[\"content\"]"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "jQV3FEV9_9zl"
      },
      "execution_count": 18,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "## Prompting Principles\n",
        "- **Principle 1: Write clear and specific instructions**\n",
        "- **Principle 2: Give the model time to “think”**\n",
        "\n",
        "### Tactics\n",
        "\n",
        "### Principle 1: Write clear and specific instructions \n",
        "#### Tactic 1: Use delimiters to clearly indicate distinct parts of the input\n",
        "- Delimiters can be anything like: ```, \"\"\", < >, `<tag> </tag>`, `:`"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "5GWLzbFcAFSg"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "\n",
        "text = f\"\"\"\n",
        "You should express what you want a model to do by \\ \n",
        "providing instructions that are as clear and \\ \n",
        "specific as you can possibly make them. \\ \n",
        "This will guide the model towards the desired output, \\ \n",
        "and reduce the chances of receiving irrelevant \\ \n",
        "or incorrect responses. Don't confuse writing a \\ \n",
        "clear prompt with writing a short prompt. \\ \n",
        "In many cases, longer prompts provide more clarity \\ \n",
        "and context for the model, which can lead to \\ \n",
        "more detailed and relevant outputs.\n",
        "\"\"\"\n",
        "\n",
        "#Prompt are the instructions\n",
        "prompt = f\"\"\"\n",
        "Summarize the text delimited by triple backticks \\ \n",
        "into a single sentence.\n",
        "```{text}```\n",
        "\"\"\"\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "#Use the helper function\n",
        "response = get_completion(prompt)\n",
        "print(response)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "8q8gh5geAH3U",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "6c593661-1e18-4c67-c7a8-4355d7e6bc55"
      },
      "execution_count": 55,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Clear and specific instructions should be provided to guide a model towards the desired output, and longer prompts can provide more clarity and context for the model, leading to more detailed and relevant outputs.\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "#### Tactic 2: Ask for a structured output\n",
        "- JSON, HTML"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "W17RwlNeAL6U"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "prompt = f\"\"\"\n",
        "Generate a list of three made-up book titles along \\ \n",
        "with their authors and genres. \n",
        "Provide them in JSON format with the following keys: \n",
        "book_id, title, author, genre.\n",
        "\"\"\"\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "response = get_completion(prompt)\n",
        "print(response)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "pI6Tz4beAPl0",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "81b61a67-7d3d-4850-d78c-d5cf5dcdc7e9"
      },
      "execution_count": 56,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "[\n",
            "  {\n",
            "    \"book_id\": 1,\n",
            "    \"title\": \"The Lost City of Zorath\",\n",
            "    \"author\": \"Aria Blackwood\",\n",
            "    \"genre\": \"Fantasy\"\n",
            "  },\n",
            "  {\n",
            "    \"book_id\": 2,\n",
            "    \"title\": \"The Last Survivors\",\n",
            "    \"author\": \"Ethan Stone\",\n",
            "    \"genre\": \"Science Fiction\"\n",
            "  },\n",
            "  {\n",
            "    \"book_id\": 3,\n",
            "    \"title\": \"The Secret Life of Bees\",\n",
            "    \"author\": \"Lila Rose\",\n",
            "    \"genre\": \"Romance\"\n",
            "  }\n",
            "]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "#### Tactic 3: Ask the model to check whether conditions are satisfied"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "wwOWU_quATVi"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "text_1 = f\"\"\"\n",
        "Making a cup of tea is easy! First, you need to get some \\ \n",
        "water boiling. While that's happening, \\ \n",
        "grab a cup and put a tea bag in it. Once the water is \\ \n",
        "hot enough, just pour it over the tea bag. \\ \n",
        "Let it sit for a bit so the tea can steep. After a \\ \n",
        "few minutes, take out the tea bag. If you \\ \n",
        "like, you can add some sugar or milk to taste. \\ \n",
        "And that's it! You've got yourself a delicious \\ \n",
        "cup of tea to enjoy.\n",
        "\"\"\"\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "prompt = f\"\"\"\n",
        "You will be provided with text delimited by triple quotes. \n",
        "If it contains a sequence of instructions, \\ \n",
        "re-write those instructions in the following format:\n",
        "\n",
        "Step 1 - ...\n",
        "Step 2 - …\n",
        "…\n",
        "Step N - …\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "If the text does not contain a sequence of instructions, \\ \n",
        "then simply write \\\"No steps provided.\\\"\n",
        "\n",
        "\\\"\\\"\\\"{text_1}\\\"\\\"\\\"\n",
        "\"\"\"\n",
        "\n",
        "response = get_completion(prompt)\n",
        "print(\"Completion for Text 1:\")\n",
        "print(response)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "LTyp5F-LAV7h",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "8c3d561d-0af6-4747-8411-803748599318"
      },
      "execution_count": 57,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Completion for Text 1:\n",
            "Step 1 - Get some water boiling.\n",
            "Step 2 - Grab a cup and put a tea bag in it.\n",
            "Step 3 - Once the water is hot enough, pour it over the tea bag.\n",
            "Step 4 - Let it sit for a bit so the tea can steep.\n",
            "Step 5 - After a few minutes, take out the tea bag.\n",
            "Step 6 - Add some sugar or milk to taste.\n",
            "Step 7 - Enjoy your delicious cup of tea!\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "#### Telling ChatGPT to write in a specific style"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "9SkdYATrAcAH"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "prompt = f\"\"\"\n",
        "Your task is to answer in a consistent style.\n",
        "\n",
        "<child>: Teach me about patience.\n",
        "\n",
        "<grandparent>: The river that carves the deepest \\ \n",
        "valley flows from a modest spring; the \\ \n",
        "grandest symphony originates from a single note; \\ \n",
        "the most intricate tapestry begins with a solitary thread.\n",
        "\n",
        "<child>: Teach me about resilience.\n",
        "\"\"\"\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "response = get_completion(prompt)\n",
        "print(response)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "BCGJJTHPAeAD",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "27ac8772-a59f-4de2-9cbf-aab98f32fa5d"
      },
      "execution_count": 65,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "<grandparent>: Resilience is like a tree that bends with the wind but never breaks. It is the ability to bounce back from adversity and keep moving forward, even when things get tough. Just like a tree that grows stronger with each storm it weathers, resilience is a quality that can be developed and strengthened over time.\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Principle 2: Give the model time to “think” \n",
        "\n",
        "#### Tactic 1: Specify the steps required to complete a task"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "pjswK-IjAisD"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "\n",
        "text = f\"\"\"\n",
        "\n",
        "In a charming village, siblings Jack and Jill set out on \\ \n",
        "a quest to fetch water from a hilltop \\ \n",
        "well. As they climbed, singing joyfully, misfortune \\ \n",
        "struck—Jack tripped on a stone and tumbled \\ \n",
        "down the hill, with Jill following suit. \\ \n",
        "Though slightly battered, the pair returned home to \\ \n",
        "comforting embraces. Despite the mishap, \\ \n",
        "their adventurous spirits remained undimmed, and they \\ \n",
        "continued exploring with delight.\n",
        "\n",
        "\"\"\"\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "# example 1\n",
        "prompt_1 = f\"\"\"\n",
        "Perform the following actions: \n",
        "1 - Summarize the following text delimited by triple \\\n",
        "backticks with 1 sentence.\n",
        "2 - Translate the summary into French.\n",
        "3 - List each name in the French summary.\n",
        "4 - Output a json object that contains the following \\\n",
        "keys: french_summary, num_names.\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "Separate your answers with line breaks.\n",
        "\n",
        "Text:\n",
        "```{text}```\n",
        "\"\"\"\n",
        "response = get_completion(prompt_1)\n",
        "print(\"Completion for prompt 1:\")\n",
        "print(response)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "dCFByJ0HAk_o",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "08d65103-47c1-4aec-c8b9-70c232c55a17"
      },
      "execution_count": 63,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Completion for prompt 1:\n",
            "Two siblings, Jack and Jill, go on a quest to fetch water from a hilltop well, but misfortune strikes as they both fall down the hill, yet they return home slightly battered but with their adventurous spirits undimmed.\n",
            "\n",
            "Deux frères et sœurs, Jack et Jill, partent en quête d'eau d'un puits au sommet d'une colline, mais ils tombent tous les deux et retournent chez eux légèrement meurtris mais avec leur esprit d'aventure intact. \n",
            "Noms: Jack, Jill.\n",
            "\n",
            "{\n",
            "\"french_summary\": \"Deux frères et sœurs, Jack et Jill, partent en quête d'eau d'un puits au sommet d'une colline, mais ils tombent tous les deux et retournent chez eux légèrement meurtris mais avec leur esprit d'aventure intact.\",\n",
            "\"num_names\": 2\n",
            "}\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "#### Ask for output in a specified format"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ERn00uD2AqRF"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "prompt_2 = f\"\"\"\n",
        "Your task is to perform the following actions: \n",
        "1 - Summarize the following text delimited by \n",
        "  <> with 1 sentence.\n",
        "2 - Translate the summary into French.\n",
        "3 - List each name in the French summary.\n",
        "4 - Output a json object that contains the \n",
        "  following keys: french_summary, num_names.\n",
        "\n",
        "Use the following format:\n",
        "Text: <text to summarize>\n",
        "Summary: <summary>\n",
        "Translation: <summary translation>\n",
        "Names: <list of names in Italian summary>\n",
        "Output JSON: <json with summary and num_names>\n",
        "\n",
        "Text: <{text}>\n",
        "\"\"\"\n",
        "response = get_completion(prompt_2)\n",
        "print(\"\\nCompletion for prompt 2:\")\n",
        "print(response)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "OotovChsAshF",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "8e83d66e-a98e-43f6-f748-ada9bb86f8ba"
      },
      "execution_count": 62,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "\n",
            "Completion for prompt 2:\n",
            "Summary: Clear and specific instructions should be provided to guide a model towards the desired output and reduce the chances of irrelevant or incorrect responses. \n",
            "Translation: Des instructions claires et spécifiques doivent être fournies pour guider un modèle vers la sortie souhaitée et réduire les chances de réponses incorrectes ou non pertinentes.\n",
            "Names: N/A\n",
            "Output JSON: {\"french_summary\": \"Des instructions claires et spécifiques doivent être fournies pour guider un modèle vers la sortie souhaitée et réduire les chances de réponses incorrectes ou non pertinentes.\", \"num_names\": 0}\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "p_BAlSY7gjBH"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "#### Tactic 2: Instruct the model to work out its own solution before rushing to a conclusion"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zJvwvtopAvk3"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "prompt = f\"\"\"\n",
        "Determine if the student's solution is correct or not.\n",
        "\n",
        "Question:\n",
        "I'm building a solar power installation and I need \\\n",
        " help working out the financials. \n",
        "- Land costs $100 / square foot\n",
        "- I can buy solar panels for $250 / square foot\n",
        "- I negotiated a contract for maintenance that will cost \\ \n",
        "me a flat $100k per year, and an additional $10 / square \\\n",
        "foot\n",
        "What is the total cost for the first year of operations \n",
        "as a function of the number of square feet.\n",
        "\n",
        "Student's Solution:\n",
        "Let x be the size of the installation in square feet.\n",
        "Costs:\n",
        "1. Land cost: 100x\n",
        "2. Solar panel cost: 250x\n",
        "3. Maintenance cost: 100,000 + 100x\n",
        "Total cost: 100x + 250x + 100,000 + 100x = 450x + 100,000\n",
        "\"\"\"\n",
        "response = get_completion(prompt)\n",
        "print(response)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ncINy2wkAytb",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "62f563aa-2149-4592-90a6-08a9495eb736"
      },
      "execution_count": 21,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "The student's solution is correct.\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "#### Note that the student's solution is actually not correct.\n",
        "#### We can fix this by instructing the model to work out its own solution first."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "oKon0Aj3A2b3"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "prompt = f\"\"\"\n",
        "Your task is to determine if the student's solution \\\n",
        "is correct or not.\n",
        "To solve the problem do the following:\n",
        "- First, work out your own solution to the problem. \n",
        "- Then compare your solution to the student's solution \\ \n",
        "and evaluate if the student's solution is correct or not. \n",
        "Don't decide if the student's solution is correct until \n",
        "you have done the problem yourself.\n",
        "\n",
        "Use the following format:\n",
        "Question:\n",
        "```\n",
        "question here\n",
        "```\n",
        "Student's solution:\n",
        "```\n",
        "student's solution here\n",
        "```\n",
        "Actual solution:\n",
        "```\n",
        "steps to work out the solution and your solution here\n",
        "```\n",
        "Is the student's solution the same as actual solution \\\n",
        "just calculated:\n",
        "```\n",
        "yes or no\n",
        "```\n",
        "Student grade:\n",
        "```\n",
        "correct or incorrect\n",
        "```\n",
        "\n",
        "Question:\n",
        "```\n",
        "I'm building a solar power installation and I need help \\\n",
        "working out the financials. \n",
        "- Land costs $100 / square foot\n",
        "- I can buy solar panels for $250 / square foot\n",
        "- I negotiated a contract for maintenance that will cost \\\n",
        "me a flat $100k per year, and an additional $10 / square \\\n",
        "foot\n",
        "What is the total cost for the first year of operations \\\n",
        "as a function of the number of square feet.\n",
        "``` \n",
        "Student's solution:\n",
        "```\n",
        "Let x be the size of the installation in square feet.\n",
        "Costs:\n",
        "1. Land cost: 100x\n",
        "2. Solar panel cost: 250x\n",
        "3. Maintenance cost: 100,000 + 100x\n",
        "Total cost: 100x + 250x + 100,000 + 100x = 450x + 100,000\n",
        "```\n",
        "Actual solution:\n",
        "\"\"\"\n",
        "response = get_completion(prompt)\n",
        "print(response)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "XWVltxA2A4tv",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "49962769-3217-40c2-f397-63ff1de7eee1"
      },
      "execution_count": 20,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Let x be the size of the installation in square feet.\n",
            "\n",
            "Costs:\n",
            "1. Land cost: 100x\n",
            "2. Solar panel cost: 250x\n",
            "3. Maintenance cost: 100,000 + 10x\n",
            "\n",
            "Total cost: 100x + 250x + 100,000 + 10x = 360x + 100,000\n",
            "\n",
            "Is the student's solution the same as actual solution just calculated:\n",
            "No\n",
            "\n",
            "Student grade:\n",
            "Incorrect\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "aQXcjGlfelF7"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "Lets try to generate some simple LATEX"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "iFKZjUDJemR9"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "text_1 =  f\"\"\"\n",
        "Introduction:\n",
        "Caffeine is a commonly consumed stimulant that is found in a variety of beverages and foods.\n",
        " While many people rely on caffeine to improve their alertness and cognitive function,\\\n",
        " the effects of caffeine on cognitive performance are not fully understood.\n",
        "\n",
        "Abstract:\n",
        "This research paper examines the effects of caffeine on cognitive function. \n",
        "The paper presents a comprehensive review of the available literature on the topic,\\\n",
        "including studies that have investigated the acute and chronic effects of caffeine on cognitive performance. \n",
        " The results of the review suggest that caffeine can have positive effects on cognitive function, including improvements in attention,\\ \n",
        " reaction time, and memory. However, the effects of caffeine can vary depending on the individual and the dose consumed. \n",
        " The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for individuals who consume caffeine regularly,\\ \n",
        " as well as for public health policies related to caffeine consumption.\"\n",
        "\n",
        "\"\"\"\n",
        "\n",
        "prompt = f\"\"\"\n",
        "\n",
        "Give me the latex sfor \n",
        "\\\"\\\"\\\"{text_1}\\\"\\\"\\\"\n",
        "\"\"\""
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "AiTn0NT6d01I"
      },
      "execution_count": 16,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "response = get_completion(prompt)\n",
        "print(response)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "PNWGJJZDd04p",
        "outputId": "f3e8d65d-b48d-4050-973a-46e9d08d7336"
      },
      "execution_count": 19,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "\\section{Introduction}\n",
            "Caffeine is a commonly consumed stimulant that is found in a variety of beverages and foods. While many people rely on caffeine to improve their alertness and cognitive function, the effects of caffeine on cognitive performance are not fully understood.\n",
            "\n",
            "\\section{Abstract}\n",
            "This research paper examines the effects of caffeine on cognitive function. The paper presents a comprehensive review of the available literature on the topic, including studies that have investigated the acute and chronic effects of caffeine on cognitive performance. The results of the review suggest that caffeine can have positive effects on cognitive function, including improvements in attention, reaction time, and memory. However, the effects of caffeine can vary depending on the individual and the dose consumed. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for individuals who consume caffeine regularly, as well as for public health policies related to caffeine consumption.\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "#### A note about the backslash\n",
        "- In the course, we are using a backslash `\\` to make the text fit on the screen without inserting newline '\\n' characters.\n",
        "- GPT-3 isn't really affected whether you insert newline characters or not.  But when working with LLMs in general, you may consider whether newline characters in your prompt may affect the model's performance."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "368galN-BQD1"
      }
    }
  ]
}