~/Downloads lsof -h
lsof 4.91
latest revision: ftp://lsof.itap.purdue.edu/pub/tools/unix/lsof/
latest FAQ: ftp://lsof.itap.purdue.edu/pub/tools/unix/lsof/FAQ
latest man page: ftp://lsof.itap.purdue.edu/pub/tools/unix/lsof/lsof_man
usage: [-?abhlnNoOPRtUvVX] [+|-c c] [+|-d s] [+D D] [+|-f[cgG]]
[-F [f]] [-g [s]] [-i [i]] [+|-L [l]] [+|-M] [-o [o]] [-p s]
[+|-r [t]] [-s [p:s]] [-S [t]] [-T [t]] [-u s] [+|-w] [-x [fl]] [--] [names]
Defaults in parentheses; comma-separated set (s) items; dash-separated ranges.
-?|-h list help -a AND selections (OR) -b avoid kernel blocks
-c c cmd c ^c /c/[bix] +c w COMMAND width (9) +d s dir s files
-d s select by FD set +D D dir D tree *SLOW?* -i select IPv[46] files
-l list UID numbers -n no host names -N select NFS files
-o list file offset -O no overhead *RISKY* -P no port names
-R list paRent PID -s list file size -t terse listing
-T disable TCP/TPI info -U select Unix socket -v list version info
-V verbose search +|-w Warnings (+) -X file descriptor table only
-- end option scan
+f|-f +filesystem or -file names +|-f[cgG] Ct flaGs
-F [f] select fields; -F? for help
+|-L [l] list (+) suppress (-) link counts < l (0 = all; default = 0)
+|-M portMap registration (-) -o o o 0t offset digits (8)
-p s exclude(^)|select PIDs -S [t] t second stat timeout (15)
-T fqs TCP/TPI Fl,Q,St (s) info
-g [s] exclude(^)|select and print process group IDs
-i i select by IPv[46] address: [46][proto][@host|addr][:svc_list|port_list]
+|-r [t[m<fmt>]] repeat every t seconds (15); + until no files, - forever.
An optional suffix to t is m<fmt>; m must separate t from <fmt> and
<fmt> is an strftime(3) format for the marker line.
-s p:s exclude(^)|select protocol (p = TCP|UDP) states by name(s).
-u s exclude(^)|select login|UID set s
-x [fl] cross over +d|+D File systems or symbolic Links
names select named files or files on named file systems
Anyone can list all files; /dev warnings disabled; kernel ID check disabled.
打开OS X的终端，通过man命令可以直接查看该命令的使用手册。但有时我们会觉得在命令行查看不太方便，如果可以提供一个PDF文档就完美了。这很容易做到，在终端输入如下命令，即可在预览程序打开grep的使用手册，另存为你需要的文件名即可：
man -t grep | open -f -a Preview
~/Downloads file --help
Usage: file [OPTION...] [FILE...]
Determine type of FILEs.
--help display this help and exit
-v, --version output version information and exit
-m, --magic-file LIST use LIST as a colon-separated list of magic
number files
-M LIST use LIST as a colon-separated list of magic
number files in place of default
LIST use LIST as a colon-separated list of magic
number files in place of default
-z, --uncompress try to look inside compressed files
-Z, --uncompress-noreport only print the contents of compressed files
-b, --brief do not prepend filenames to output lines
-c, --checking-printout print the parsed form of the magic file, use in
conjunction with -m to debug a new magic file
before installing it
-d use default magic file
use default magic file
-e, --exclude TEST exclude TEST from the list of test to be
performed for file. Valid tests are:
apptype, ascii, cdf, compress, csv, elf,
encoding, soft, tar, json, text,
tokens
--exclude-quiet TEST like exclude, but ignore unknown tests
-f, --files-from FILE read the filenames to be examined from FILE
-F, --separator STRING use string as separator instead of `:'
-i do not further classify regular files
do not further classify regular files
-I, --mime output MIME type strings (--mime-type and
--mime-encoding)
--extension output a slash-separated list of extensions
--mime-type output the MIME type
--mime-encoding output the MIME encoding
-k, --keep-going don't stop at the first match
-l, --list list magic strength
-L, --dereference follow symlinks
-h, --no-dereference don't follow symlinks (default)
-n, --no-buffer do not buffer output
-N, --no-pad do not pad output
-0, --print0 terminate filenames with ASCII NUL
-p, --preserve-date preserve access times on files
-P, --parameter set file engine parameter limits
bytes 1048576 max bytes to look inside file
elf_notes 256 max ELF notes processed
elf_phnum 2048 max ELF prog sections processed
elf_shnum 32768 max ELF sections processed
encoding 65536 max bytes to scan for encoding
indir 50 recursion limit for indirection
name 60 use limit for name/use magic
regex 8192 length limit for REGEX searches
-r, --raw don't translate unprintable chars to \ooo
-s, --special-files treat special (block/char devices) files as
ordinary ones
-S, --no-sandbox disable system call sandboxing
-C, --compile compile file specified by -m
-D, --debug print debugging messages
Report bugs to https://bugs.astron.com/
~/Downloads file green-leaves-1410259.jpg
green-leaves-1410259.jpg: JPEG image data, JFIF standard 1.02, resolution (DPI), density 72x72, segment length 16, Exif Standard: [TIFF image data, big-endian, direntries=11, manufacturer=FUJIFILM, model=FinePix A210 , orientation=upper-left, xresolution=170, yresolution=178, resolutionunit=2, software=Adobe Photoshop CS Windows, datetime=2005:01:23 17:55:48, copyright= ], baseline, precision 8, 836x627, components 3
mdls可以列出某个文件或文件夹的所有元数据信息，针对不同文件显示不同的元数据信息，例如文件创建时间、类型、大小等。如果是图片或音视频文件，则会显示更多元数据信息。
~/Downloads mdls
(null): no filename specified!
usage: mdls [-name attr][-sdb] [-raw [-nullMarker markerString]] [-plist file] path
list the values of one or all the attributes of the specified file
-raw: don't print attribute names before values
-nullMarker: substitute this string for null attributes in raw mode
-plist: output attributes in XML format to file. Use - to write to stdout
option -plist is incompatible with options -raw, -nullMarker, and -name
example: mdls ~/Pictures/Birthday.jpg
example: mdls -name Keyword ~/Pictures/Birthday.jpg
mdfind是一个非常灵活的全局搜索命令，类似Spotlight的命令行模式，可以在任何目录对文件名、文件内容进行检索。
~/Downloads mdfind --help
Usage: mdfind [-live] [-count] [-onlyin directory] [-name fileName | -s smartFolderName | query]
list the files matching the query
query can be an expression or a sequence of words
-attr <attr> Fetches the value of the specified attribute
-count Query only reports matching items count
-onlyin <dir> Search only within given directory
-live Query should stay active
-name <name> Search on file name only
-reprint Reprint results on live update
-s <name> Show contents of smart folder <name>
-0 Use NUL (``\0'') as a path separator, for use with xargs -0.
example: mdfind image
example: mdfind -onlyin ~ image
example: mdfind -name stdlib.h
example: mdfind "kMDItemAuthor == '*MyFavoriteAuthor*'"
example: mdfind -live MyFavoriteAuthor
~ mdfind image | head
/System/Library/CoreServices/DiskImageMounter.app
/System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vImage.framework/Versions/A/Resources/BridgeSupport/vImage.bridgesupport
/System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vImage.framework/Versions/A/Resources/BridgeSupport/vImage.arm64e.bridgesupport
/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreImage.framework/Versions/A/Resources/BridgeSupport/CoreImage.bridgesupport
/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreImage.framework/Versions/A/Resources/BridgeSupport/CoreImage.arm64e.bridgesupport
/System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ImageCapture.framework/Versions/A/Resources/BridgeSupport/ImageCapture.bridgesupport
/System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ImageCapture.framework/Versions/A/Resources/BridgeSupport/ImageCapture.arm64e.bridgesupport
/System/Library/Frameworks/ImageIO.framework/Versions/A/Resources/BridgeSupport/ImageIO.bridgesupport
/System/Library/Frameworks/ImageIO.framework/Versions/A/Resources/BridgeSupport/ImageIO.arm64e.bridgesupport
/System/Library/Frameworks/ImageCaptureCore.framework/Versions/A/Resources/BridgeSupport/ImageCaptureCore.bridgesupport
~
~/Downloads open -a
open: option requires an argument -- a
Usage: open [-e] [-t] [-f] [-W] [-R] [-n] [-g] [-h] [-s <partial SDK name>][-b <bundle identifier>] [-a <application>] [-u URL] [filenames] [--args arguments]
Help: Open opens files from a shell.
By default, opens each file using the default application for that file.
If the file is in the form of a URL, the file will be opened as a URL.
Options:
-a Opens with the specified application.
-b Opens with the specified application bundle identifier.
-e Opens with TextEdit.
-t Opens with default text editor.
-f Reads input from standard input and opens with TextEdit.
# 打开 Chrome
open -a Google\ Chrome
# 使用默认文本编辑器打开一个文本
open -t some.txt
# 使用 Sublime 打开一个文本文件
open -a Sublime\ Text 88_confs.d_default.conf
# 使用 Xcode 打开一个文本文件
open -a Xcode some.txt打开「终端」——在终端中执行 sudo killall coreaudiod 命令
具体原因见 stty returns 0 rows and columns on Apple M1, 卸载掉 brew install expect 5.45.4, 使用 Mac 系统自身的位于 /usr/bin/expect 的 expect, 确保 expect -v 返回 5.45 即可。
关于 expect 可参考 Packages and Binaries: expect, Expect/Expect.