-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 5
/
Copy pathchapitre_IX.xml
222 lines (222 loc) · 15.3 KB
/
chapitre_IX.xml
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
<?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml"
schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title type="full">Ten days that shook the World/Appendices</title>
<title type="full">APPENDIX TO CHAPTER IX</title>
<author cert="high">John Reed</author>
<respStmt>
<resp>Texte encodé dans le cadre du devoir GIT de l'ENC</resp>
<name>Julien Fenech</name>
</respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<publisher>Boni and Liveright</publisher>
<publisher ref="contributor">Internet Archive</publisher>
<pubPlace>New York, New York, United States of America</pubPlace>
<date when="1919">1919</date>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl>
<title>Ten Days That Shook the World by John Reed</title>
<distributor
facs="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ten_Days_That_Shook_the_World/Appendices"/>
<biblScope unit="page" from="325" to="420">pp.325-420</biblScope>
</bibl>
<biblStruct>
<monogr>
<imprint>
<publisher>Boni and Liveright</publisher>
</imprint>
</monogr>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<creation>
<date when="1919">1919</date>
</creation>
<langUsage>
<language ident="en">English</language>
</langUsage>
<textDesc n="novel">
<channel mode="w">printed</channel>
<constitution type="single"/>
<derivation type="original"/>
<domain type="art"/>
<factuality type="mixed"/>
<interaction type="none"/>
<preparedness type="prepared"/>
<purpose type="entertain" degree="high"/>
<purpose type="inform" degree="high"/>
</textDesc>
<settingDesc>
<setting>
<name>Russia</name>
<time>October 1917</time>
</setting>
</settingDesc>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<head>APPENDIX TO CHAPTER IX</head>
<div type="numeric" n="1">
<head>MILITARY REVOLUTIONARY COMMITTEE. BULLETIN NO. 2</head>
<p>November 12th, in the evening, Kerensky sent a proposition to the revolutionary
troops—“to lay down their arms.” Kerensky’s men opened artillery fire. Our artillery
answered and compelled the enemy to be silent. The Cossacks assumed the offensive.
The deadly fire of the sailors, the Red Guards and the soldiers forced the Cossacks
to retreat. Our armoured cars rushed in among the ranks of the enemy. The enemy is
fleeing. Our troops are in pursuit. The order has been given to arrest Kerensky.
Tsarskoye Selo has been taken by the revolutionary troops.</p>
<p><hi rend="italic">The Lettish Riflemen</hi>: The Military Revolutionary Committee has
received precise information that the valiant Lettish Riflemen have arrived from the
Front and taken up a position in the rear of Kerensky’s bands. </p>
<p><hi rend="italic">From the Staff of the Military Revolutionary Committee</hi></p>
<p>The seizure of Gatchina and Tsarskoye Selo by Kerensky’s detachments is to be
explained by the complete absence of artillery and machine-guns in these places,
whereas Kerensky’s cavalry was provided with artillery from the beginning. The last
two days were days of enforced work for our Staff, to provide the necessary quantity
of guns, machine-guns, field telephones, etc., for the revolutionary troops. When
this work—with the energetic assistance of the District Soviets and the factories
(the Putilov Works, Obukhov and others)—was accomplished, the issue of the expected
encounter left no place for doubt: on the side of the revolutionary troops there was
not only a surplus in quantity and such a powerful material base as Petrograd, but
also an enormous moral advantage. All the Petrograd regiments moved out to the
positions with tremendous enthusiasm. The Garrison Conference elected a Control
Commission of five soldiers, thus securing a complete unity between the commander in
chief and the garrison. At the Garrison Conference it was unanimously decided to
begin decisive action. </p>
<p>The artillery fire on the 12th of November developed with extraordinary force by 3
P.M. The Cossacks were completely demoralised. A parliamentarian came from them to
the staff of the detachment at Krasnoye Selo, and proposed to stop the firing,
threatening otherwise to take “decisive” measures. He was answered that the firing
would cease when Kerensky laid down his arms.</p>
<p>In the developing encounter all sections of the troops—the sailors, soldiers and the
Red Guards—showed unlimited courage. The sailors continued to advance until they had
fired all their cartridges. The number of casualties has not been established yet,
but it is larger on the part of the counter-revolutionary troops, who experienced
great losses through one of our armoured cars. </p>
<p>Kerensky’s staff, fearing that they would be surrounded, gave the order to retreat,
which retreat speedily assumed a disorderly character. By 11-12 P.M., Tsarkoye Selo,
including the wireless station, was entirely occupied by the troops of the Soviets.
The Cossacks retreated towards Gatchina and Colpinno.</p>
<p>The morale of the troops is beyond all praise. The order has been given to pursue the
retreating Cossacks. From the Tsarskoye Selo station a radio-telegram was sent
immediately to the Front and to all local Soviets throughout Russia. Further details
will be communicated….</p>
</div>
<div type="numeric" n="2">
<head>EVENTS OF THE 13TH IN PETROGRAD</head>
<p>Three regiments of the Petrograd garrison to take any part in the battle against
Kerensky. On the morning of the 13th they summoned to a joint conference sixty
delegates from the Front, in order to find some way to stop the civil war. This
conference appointed a committee to go and persuade Kerensky’s troops to lay down
their arms. They proposed to ask the Government soldiers the following questions:
<list rend="inline">
<item n="(1)">Will the soldiers and Cossacks of Kerensky recognise the <hi
rend="italic">Tsay-ee-kah</hi> as the repository of Governmental power,
responsible to the Congress of Soviets?</item>
<item n="(2)">Will the soldiers and Cossacks accept the decrees of the second
Congress of Soviets? </item>
<item n="(3)">Will they accept the Land and Peace decrees? </item>
<item n="(4)">Will they agree to cease hostilities and return to their units? </item>
<item n="(5)">Will they consent to the arrest of Kerensky, Krasnov and
Savinkov?</item>
</list></p>
<p>At the meeting of the Petrograd Soviet, Zinoviev said, “It would be foolish to think
that this committee could finish affair. The enemy can only be broken by force.
However, it would be a crime for us not to try every peaceful means to bring the
Cossacks over to us…. What we need is a military victory…. The news of an armistice
is premature. Our Staff will be ready to conclude an armistice when the enemy can no
longer do any harm…. </p>
<p>“At present, the influence of our victory is creating new political conditions….
To-day the Socialist Revolutionaries are inclined are inclined to admit the
Bolsheviki into the new Government…. A decisive victory is indispensable, so that
those who hesitate will have no further hesitation….”</p>
<p>At the City Duma all attention was concentrated on the formation of the new
Government. In many factories and barracks already Revolutionary Tribunals were
operating, and the Bolsheviki were threatening to set up more of these, and try Gotz
and Avksentiev before them. Dan proposed that an ultimatum be sent demanding the
abolition of these Revolutionary Tribunals, or the other members of the Conference
would immediately break off all negotiations with the Bolsheviki.</p>
<p>Shingariov, Cadet, declared that the Municipality ought not to take part in any
agreement with the Bolsheviki…. “Any agreement with the maniacs is impossible until
they lay down their arms and recognise the authority of independent courts of
law….”</p>
<p>Yartsev, for the Yedinstvo group, declared that any agreement with the Bolsheviki
would be equivalent to a Bolshevik victory…. </p>
<p>Mayor Schreider, for the Socialist Revolutionaries, stated that he was opposed to all
agreement with the Bolsheviki…. “As for a Government, that ought to spring from the
popular will; and since the popular will has been expressed in the municipal
elections, the popular will which can create a Government is actually concentrated in
the Duma….”</p>
<p>After other speakers, of which only the representative of the Mensheviki
Internationalists was in favour of considering the admission of the Bolsheviki into
the new Government, the Duma voted to continue its representatives in the Vikzhel’s
conference, but to insist upon the restoration of the Provisional Government before
everything, and to exclude the Bolsheviki from the new power….</p>
</div>
<div type="numeric" n="3">
<head>TRUCE. KRASNOV’s ANSWER TO THE COMMITTEE FOR SALVATION </head>
<p>“In answer to your telegram proposing an immediate armistice, the Supreme Commander,
not wishing further futile bloodshed, consents to enter into negotiations and to
establish relations between the armies of the Government and the insurrectionists. He
proposes to the General Staff of the insurrectionists to recall its regiments to
Petrograd, to declare the line Ligovo-Pulkovo-Colpinno neutral, and to allow the
advance-guards of the Government cavalry to enter Tsarskoye Selo, for the purpose of
establishing order. The answer to this proposal must be placed in the hands of our
envoys before eight o’clock to-morrow morning.</p>
<signed><name>KRASNOV.”</name></signed>
</div>
<div type="numeric" n="4">
<head>EVENTS AT TSARSKOYE SELO</head>
<p>On the evening that Kerensky’s troops retreated from Tsarskoye Selo, some priests
organised a religious procession through the streets of the town, making speeches to
the citizens in which they asked the people to support the rightful authority, the
Provisional Government. When the Cossacks had retreated, and the first Red Guards
entered the town, witnesses reported that the priests had incited the people against
the Soviets, and had said prayers at the grave of Rasputin, which lies behind the
Imperial Palace. One of the priests, Father Ivan Kutchurov, was arrested and shot by
the infuriated Red Guards….</p>
<p>Just as the Red Guards entered the town the electric lights were shut off, plunging
the streets in complete darkness. The director of the electric light plant,
Lubovitch, was arrested by the Soviet troops and asked why he had shut off the
lights. He was found some time later in the room where he had been imprisoned with a
revolver in his hand and a bullet hole in his temple. </p>
<p>The Petrograd anti-Bolshevik papers came out next day with headlines, “Plekhanov’s
temperature 39 degrees!” Plekhanov lived at Tsarskoye Selo, where he was lying ill in
bed. Red Guards arrived at the house and searched it for arms, questioning the old
man. </p>
<p>“What class of society do you belong to?” they asked him. </p>
<p>“I am a revolutionist,” answered Plekhanov, “who for forty years has devoted his life
to the struggle for liberty!” </p>
<p>“Anyway,” said a workman, “you have now sold yourself to the bourgeoisie!” </p>
<p>The workers no longer knew Plekhanov, pioneer of the Russian Social Democracy!</p>
</div>
<div type="numeric" n="5">
<head>APPEAL OF THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT</head>
<p>“The detachments at Gatchina, deceived by Kerensky, have laid down their arms and
decided to arrest Kerensky. That chief of the counter-revolutionary campaign has
fled. The Army, by an enormous majority, has pronounced in favour of the second
All-Russian Congress of Soviets, and of the Government which it has created. Scores
of delegates from the Front have hastened to Petrograd to assure the Soviet
Government of the Army’s fidelity. No twisting of the facts, no calumny against the
revolutionary workers, soldiers, and peasants, has been able to defeat the People.
The Workers’ and Soldiers’ Revolution is victorious….</p>
<p>“The <hi rend="italic">Tsay-ee-kah</hi> appeals to the troops which march under the
flag of the counter-revolution, and invites them immediately to lay down their
arms—to shed no longer the blood of their brothers in the interests of a handful of
land-owners and capitalists. The Workers’, Soldiers’ and Peasants’ Revolution curses
those who remain even for a moment under the flag of the People’s enemies….</p>
<p>“Cossacks! Come over to the rank of the victorious People! Railwaymen, postmen,
telegraphers—all, all support the new Government of the People!”</p>
</div>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>